EPA-600/2-77-037
February 1977
Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
August 1976 • October 1976
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2 Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4 Environmental Monitoring
5 Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6 Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8 "Special" Reports
9 Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
-------
EPA-600/2-77-037
February 1977
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
August 1976 - October 1976
by
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck/and Paul Nordin
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Grant No. R803992
Project Officer
J. S. Dorrler
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New JRttey 08817
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
n
-------
FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed,
converted, and used, the related pollutional impacts on our
environment and even on our health often require that new and
increasingly more efficient pollution control methods be used.
The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati
(lERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating new and improved
methodologies that will meet these needs both efficiently and
economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It cites current
events, literature, research, patents, and other material relevant
to the oil pollution abatement program and is published in an abstract
format on a quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a basic reference
document for all those interested in oil spill and oil pollution control
This project is part of the continuing program of the Oil and Hazardous
Materials Spills Branch, lERL-Ci to assess and mitigate the environ-
mental impact of oil pollution.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
m
-------
ABSTRACT
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin
designed to review current scientific and technical publications
and research projects in the field of oil pollution. Subject
coverage includes all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. This issue contains summaries of research projects
and publications selected from the scientific and technical literature
during the period August, 1976 through October, 1976.
The following sections are included in the report:
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
II. Current Research Projects
III. Current Oil-Related Conferences
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No.
R803992-01 by the Marine Science Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship of the Environmental
Protection Agency.
iv
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction i*
Sections
I Reports, Publications and Patents
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
2. Monitoring H
3. Remote Sensing 20
4. Sampling 24
5. Analysis 28
6. Source identification 36
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Containment 39
2. Cleanup and Recovery 44
3. Restoration 66
4. Oil Transfer and Transport 67
5. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 74
6. Reclamation and Reuse 104
7. Personnel Training and Education 108
8. Contingency Planning
9. Prevention and Control Measures
-------
C. Effects of Oil Pollution Page
1. Biological Effects 118
2. Economic Effects 134
3. General Effects 135
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 141
2. Social Effects 143
3. Economic Effects 144
4. General Effects 145
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biodegradation 156
2. Physical Changes 162
3. Chemical Changes 166
4. General Fate of Oil 167
F. Oil Pollution Regulations
1. State Legislation 175
2. U.S. Legislation 176
3. International Legislation 183
4. Foreign Legislation 185
5. Agreements and Conventions 187
6. Standards and Guidelines 192
G. Bibliographies 193
VI
-------
II Current Research Projects
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation Page
1. Monitoring 195
2. Remote Sensing 199
3. Analysis 200
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Containment 202
2. Cleanup and Recovery 203
3. Restoration 208
4. Oil Transfer and Transport 209
5. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 210
6. Personnel Training and Education 213
7. Prevention and Control Measures 216
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 217
2. General Effects 224
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 228
2. General Effects 229
E. Fate of Oil in the Marine Environment
1. Biodegradation 231
2. General Fate of Oil 234
III Current Conferences 247
Master List of Keywords 267
Subject Index 271
Appendix 304
vii
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Ms. Kathy Courtney for typing
the camera-ready copy of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports.
Her efforts have been greatly appreciated. We also wish to
thank the personnel of the Science-Engineering Library, University
of California, Santa Barbara, for their professional assistance
during the research stages of the project.
vm
-------
INTRODUCTION
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin which
reviews pertinent scientific and technical publications and research
projects to provide its readers with current developments in the field
of oil pollution. This issue contains summaries of articles, reports,
patents, documents, and other materials relating to oil pollution
published during the period 1974 to 1976 (Section I); summaries and
status of current research projects (Section II); and current oil-
related conferences (Section III).
The subject coverage includes all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial
oil pollution. Items in Section I are categorized by seven major
subdivisions divided into thirty specific subject categories. These
are presented in the Table of Contents. Patents and patent applica-
tions are announced in this section under appropriate subject
categories. Sources of the citations appear in the list of Periodicals
Reviewed in the Appendix. A subject keyword index of entries in
Section I is provided at the end of the report.
Section II presents titles of active or recently completed oil pollu-
tion research projects, summaries of project objectives, and current
status information and/or resulting publications provided upon request
by the principal investigators or performing organization. Notices
of research projects were obtained from the Smithsonian Science
Information Exchange (SSIE); American Society for Microbiology,
Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter; and Canada, Department of the Environ-
ment, Spill Technology Newsletter. Entries are arranged according to
the same subject categories as in Section I and are ordered by serial
number within each subject division. Some of the current projects
listed in previous Oil Pollution Reports have been recently renewed.
These projects have been relisted and headed by the same serial number
as originally reported, followed by the word (renewal). Renewal
entries are listed at the beginning of each subject category.
Section III, Current Oil-Related Conferences, contains descriptive
information on recently held and upcoming conferences relevant to
any aspects of oil pollution. Conference dates are listed; and,
when information is available, titles, authors, and abstracts of
conference papers are included. All information for this section
was obtained from the periodicals reviewed (Appendix) and from
responses to written inquiries concerning the meetings.
Entries in Section I and II have separate serial numbers. The letters
preceding the serial numbers designate the following: C, reports,
publications, and patents; and R, research projects.
IX
-------
SECTION I. REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND PATENTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-l740-76
1975 ACOPS REPORT
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6):100-101.
Oil spills, Statistics, Liability, Government agencies, England, *ACOPS
The 1975 annual report of Britain's Advisory Committee on Oil Pollution
(ACOPS) is discussed. In addition to its usual review of oil spills
and other oil pollution incidents, the report makes recommendations
regarding the British government's pollution liability policies, the
state of hydrographic research, and the congested English Channel
shipping lanes.
C-1741-76
ANOTHER TORREY CANYON?
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(7)-.123-124.
Oil spills, Tankers, Spain, Fisheries, Beaches, Cleanup, *Coruna oil
spill
The Urquiola, a Bilbao-registered tanker carrying about 100,000 tons
of oil, went aground at Coruna in northern Spain, and ruined miles of
beaches and fisheries. Oil dispersants were sprayed using helicopters,
but a large portion of the spill has not yet been recovered.
C-l742-76
THE GOWANUS CANAL OIL SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
JBF Scientific Corporation, Wilmington, MA. U.S. Coast Guard Contract
DOT-CG03-6666
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Cleanup, Recovery, Skimmers, *Gowanus Canal
Approximately 9.8 million liters (2.6 million gallons)of No. 2 and No.
6 fuel oils were spilled at Gowanus Canal. Two oil skimmers manufactured
by the JBF Scientific Corporation were used in cleanup operations and
recovered nearly 5.7 million liters (1.5 million gallons) of the spilled
oil.
-------
C-1743-76
GUDE CHARGES COAST GUARD WITH VIOLATING FEDERAL REGULATIONS; RADM.
PRICE RESPONDS
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(8):47-51.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Chesapeake Bay, Regulations, U.S., *U.S. Coast
Guard
The Coast Guard was charged with violating federal oil spill regulations
by Congressman G. Gude when a barge sank on February 2, 1976, in
Chesapeake Bay spilling nearly 950,000 1 (250,000 gal) of No. 6 fuel
oil. The charges against the Coast Guard and suggestions for improving
the protection of Chesapeake Bay are given; a response from the Coast
Guard is also reported.
C-1744-76
IOPEC HAMBURG 1976 (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(7):123.
International conventions, Germany, West, Oil spills, Cleanup, Containment
Topics to be covered at the 1st European and International Oil Pollution
Exhibition and Congress in Hamburg, 21 to 25 September, 1976, are
presented. Information on all aspects of oil pollution, including
disasters in the open ocean and in inland waterways, will be provided.
Equipment and materials used for dealing with oil spills will be on
display.
C-1745-76
NATURAL OIL SEEPS FLOW 550,000 TONS PER YEAR INTO SEAS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(10):100.
Natural seepage, Oceans, Offshore production, *NOAA
"The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimates
oil from natural seeps underlying the world's oceans enters the marine
environment at a rate of more than 550,000 tons per year, and that
offshore petroleum production adds 1,100,000 tons to that figure."
C-1746-76
THE OIL POLLUTION LOBBY
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6):97-99.
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Law enforcement, England, *ACOPS
-------
The article reviews the history and development of Britain's Advisory
Committee on Oil Pollution of the Sea (ACOPS). Since its inception
in 1952, ACOPS has evolved into an influential, broadly supported and
respected advisory body which seeks to stimulate public and governmental
awareness of oil pollution problems and to promote the vigorous enforce-
ment of national and international antipollution legislation and agreements.
C-1747-76
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON CONTAMINATION OF UNDERGROUND-WATER SOURCES BY
REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Anon. 1976.
Ground Water 14(l):36-44.
Contamination, Groundwater, Oil tanks, Leakage, Regulations, Pollution
prevention
Hazards, sources, local incidence, remedial action, and current
regulatory control of groundwater contamination due to petroleum
spillage or leakage are discussed. Preventive measures include the
use of underground storage tanks, detection of leaking tanks, and
control over existing tanks.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(11) :#63328. 1976]
C-1748-76
SLOW REACTION TO EMERGENCY INTENSIFIED CHESAPEAKE SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1976
National Fisherman 57(4):17A-18A.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Chesapeake Bay, *U.S. Coast
Guard
Partial proceedings of the Congressional hearing on the Chesapeake oil
spill of February 2,are given. The hearing was called to evaluate the
U.S. Coast Guard's response to an emergency. The following points were
brought out: (1) the Coast Guard did not conduct a complete aerial
survey until 60 hours after the spill; (2) no Coast Guard cutter was
dispatched for salvaging purposes; (3) the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service was not notified of the spill until four days later. Cleanup
costs and some preventive measures are reported.
C-l749-76
WASTE OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Audubon 78(5):121.
Waste oil, Oil discharges, U.S., Economics
-------
Due to the small number of oil re-refiners in the U.S., the amount
of waste oil that is dumped into rivers, lakes, and oceans has
increased to 984 million liters/year (260 million gal/year). However,
the situation for re-refining oil is improving as oil prices continue
to rise.
C-1750-76
SCIENCE'S CIA
Berg, P. 1976.
The Sciences 16(l):27-28.
Oil spills, Information systems
The Center for Short-lived Phenomena, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
gathers and disseminates information on transitory natural events
of scientific interest and is also the world's primary repository
for oil spill information. The Center has established a computerized
data base and keeps detailed records of all major spills since 1968.
Until 1976 this record included all spills in the > 38,000 1 (10,000
gal) category. Since 1976 only those in the > 95,000 1 (25,000 gal)
category are listed. The Center publishes an annual report of
pollution events in addition to its regular reports of transitory
events.
C-1751-76
SEABIRDS AND OIL POLLUTION
Brown, R.G.B. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 44-46.
Birds, Oil spills, Biological effects, *Mortality
The "Arrow" and "Irving Whale" spills in February, 1970, resulted in
the known deaths of 1,500 ducks and alcids and an estimated total kill
of about 12,000 birds. The field techniques in reaching these estimates
are described and the significance of the mortality of the bird species
is assessed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,963. 1976]
C-l752-76
OIL AND THE CANADIAN ENVIRONMENT PAPER PACE AND ITS R & D COMMITTEE
Buxton, H.L. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 3-6.
Environmental protection, Conservation, Oil industry, Canada, *PACE
-------
The goals and activities of PACE, the Petroleum Association for the
Conservation of the Canadian Environment, are described. PACE is an
association of 11 Canadian oil companies with the objectives of
cooperating in the development of practices, procedures and regulations
pertinent to environmental conservation, supporting research in areas
of conservation of the Canadian environment, and collecting and dissem-
inating information relating to these environmental areas.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28)-J221,957. 1976]
C-1753-76
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES OF PETROLEUM TO THE OCEANS
Charter, D.B., R.A. Sutherland, and J.D. Porricelli. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973. Washington,
D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 6a-30.
Oil discharges, Oceans, Source identification, Tankers, Ships
Estimates from ten of the most important information sources on annual
discharges of oil into the sea were tabulated. The sources of oil
were broken down into four main categories: tank cleaning and ballasting
operations by tankers, other tanker operations including terminal opera-
tions, ship accidents and non-ship sources. The total of these sources
is estimated to be about 3.5 million metric tons per annum.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10):W76-05137. 1976]
C-1754-76
FISHERMEN WIN ROUND AGAINST OIL (editorial)
Cole, B.J. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(4):6A.
State governments, Alaska, Environmental protection, Oil-gas leasing
The Alaska legislature has just voted to buy back $25 million in oil
and gas leases sold by the state due to an oil spill and pressure
from local fishermen. A brief history of the fishing industry's
effort to save Cook Inlet and Kachemak Bay is given.
C-l755-76
A SUMMARY OF THE OIL POLLUTION ACTIVITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION SERVICE, ATLANTIC REGION
Cook, R.H., H.A. Hall, and R.P. Cote. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 7-11.
Environmental protection, Canada, Atlantic Ocean, Government agencies,
*Environmental Protection Service
-------
The Environmental Protection Service (EPS) plays an important advisory
role in environmental matters and attempts to maintain an awareness of
the nature and magnitude of the problems related to environmental
contamination. This paper discusses the current EPS oil pollution
assessment, prevention, and control activities underway in the Atlantic
region.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,976. 1976]
C-1756-76
OLYMPIC ALLIANCE OIL SPILLAGE
Dixon, T.J., and T.R. Dixon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(5):86-90.
Oil spills, English Channel, Cleanup, Biological effects
A tanker collision resulted in widespread oil pollution damage in
the English Channel and along England's coastline. The emulsifier
BP 1100X was used at sea to clean up the oil and beaches were sprayed
with a dispersant. Oil skimmers were also used. Cleanup operations
for the 3,000 ton crude oil spill lasted three weeks; extensive
damage was done to sea birds, inshore fishery equipment, beaches,
and nuclear power stations.
C-1757-76
INPUT OF PETROLEUM TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT DIRECTLY FROM THE ATMOSPHERE
Feuerstein, D.L. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973. Washington,
D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 30a-38.
Hydrocarbons, Oceans, *Petroleum hydrocarbon emission
Total worldwide emission of petroleum hydrocarbons is estimated to be
68 million metric tons per year, of which transportation comprises about
two-thirds. The total amount of these hydrocarbons reaching the oceans
via the atmosphere is estimated to be about 0.4 to 0.8 million metric
tons per year as compared to 2 to 3 million metric tons per year from
other sources such as tanker operations, accidental spills, terminal
and transfer operations, and offshore oil production.
C-1758-76
OIL ACCIDENTS DESPITE SAFETY SYSTEMS [in German]
Guldener, H. 1975.
Gesundheitstechnik 9(l):3-5.
Leakage* Oil tanks, Switzerland
Four cases of accidents with oil tanks in Switzerland leading to the
release of large quantities of oil are described in detail and analyzed
as to their causes.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(3):#846. 1976]
-------
C-1759-76
SURVEY OF PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND DISCUSSION OF INPUT OF PETROLEUM TO
THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN SWEDEN
Hallhagen, A. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973. Washington,
D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 38a-49.
Oil spills, *0il loss, Sweden
It was calculated that the total loss, spill, and evaporation of
petroleum products in Sweden amount to about 0.5 - 0.7% of the total
oil consumption, or 150,000-200,000 cu.m/year. An explanation to
how much of Sweden's estimated loss of petroleum products enters
the environment cannot be given at present.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11) :#W76-05139. 1976]
C-l760-76
GREAT PATAGONIAN OIL SPILL
Hayes, M.O., E.R. Grundlach, and R.M. Perhac. 1976.
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 60(4):678.
Abstract.
Oil spills, Tankers, Environmental effects, Metula oil spill, Magellan,
Strait of
The report represents a preliminary assessment of the effects of the
VLCC Metula oil spill disaster, which occurred in the Straits of Magellan
on August 9, 1974. Fifty-one thousand tons of Saudi Arabian crude and
2,000 tons of Bunker C fuel oil were released, of which about 40,000
tons are estimated to have been deposited along shores of Tierra del Fuego
with severe biological impact. The site is considered suitable for an
analog study of physicochemical and biologic effects of a spill; and
the results would be useful in planning for U.S. coastal oil operations
and their possible environmental effects.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27):#221,566. 1976]
C-1761-76
APPLICATION OF GROUND-WATER FLOW THEORY TO A SUBSURFACE OIL SPILL
Holzer, T.L. 1976.
Ground Water 14(3):138-145.
Oil spills, Groundwater, Source identification, Cleanup
Fuel oil underlying approximately 1.6 hectares was discovered floating
on the water table beneath oil products' storage tanks. Over 132,000
1 of oil were intercepted and contained prior to field investigations
by borings. Field investigations and considerations to determine the
nature and source area of the spill as well as appropriate spill cleanup
techniques are discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,963. 1976]
-------
C-l762-76
PREVENTION AND ELIMINATION OF OIL AND GAS BLOWOUTS [in Russian]
Igrevskii, V.I., and K.I. Mangushev. 1975.
UCRL-TRANS-10928, NTIS. 97p. (Translated from Preduprezhdenie i
Likvidatsiya Neftyanyikh i Gazovykh Fontanov, 1974. p. 131-189.)
Blowout prevention, Oil wells, USSR, *Nuclear explosion
A detailed report and analysis is given of a runaway blowout of an
oil well in the USSR. Current methods of stopping blowouts were tried
and all failed; an underground nuclear explosion was ordered to shut
off the shaft at a great depth. Methodology in the placement and
detonation of the explosives is described and a program for the
elimination of blowouts is discussed.
[from Nuclear Science Abstracts 33(10):#23247. 1976]
C-l763-76
OIL SPILL IN THE LACCADIVES FROM THE OIL TANKER "TRANSHURON1!
Qasim, S.Z., P.N. Nair, and P. Sivadas. 1974.
Mahasagar 7(1-2):83-90.
Oil spills, Toxicity, Reefs, Indian Ocean
Summary not available.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(2):#7604/1307. 1976]
C-l764-76
SURVEY FOR THE U.S. COAST GUARD OF RESEARCH ON THE DETECTION, IDENTI-
FICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF OIL SPILLS
Rappoport, H., M. Harmon, and R. Dayton. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 23-24.
Detection, Source identification, Oil spills, *Research survey
The role of Operations Research, Inc. (ORI) in the U.S. Coast Guard
Transportation Induced Pollution Surveillance (TIPS) program is to
identify who is doing research in oil spill detection, identification,
forecasting, and quantification. The final result will be to deter-
mine the level of research and progress in each area. A summary of
projects that have been identified by this research is listed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,968. 1976]
C-1765-76
PELAGIC TAR IN THE NORWEGIAN COASTAL CURRENT
Smith, G.B. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):70-72.
-------
Sampling, Tar, Norwegian Sea
Petroleum participates were found in 117 of 220 neuston samples
collected in the Norwegian Coastal Current during March - August,
1975, at an average concentration of 0.11 mg/m?. Highest concen-
trations were observed in the Skagerrak and Barents Sea. Lower
densities occurred along the northwest Norwegian coast and in the
North Sea.
C-l766-76
PETROLEUM INPUTS TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND SOURCES
Storrs, P.N. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 49a-58.
Wastewaters, Oil discharges, Coasts, Oceans, *Municipal and industrial
inputs
This paper is concerned with estimating the quantities of petroleum
products entering coastal waters from municipal and industrial waste-
waters, urban storm drainage, and surface water discharges. Nationwide
and worldwide estimates of municipal and industrial inputs of petroleum
to the oceans are given.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05140. 1976]
C-1767-76
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM: AN ANALYSIS OF MISSION
PERFORMANCE
U.S. Coast Guard, Marine Environmental Protection Division. 1976.
Report USCG-WEP-1-76.
Environmental protection, Statistical analysis, Guidelines, *U.S.
Coast Guard
"This report analyzes USCG oil pollution statistics and establishes
effectiveness measures and performance standards for the USCG Marine
Environmental Protection program."
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(15) :#AD-A025325/2GA. 1976]
C-1768-76
SS C.V. SEA WITCH-SS ESSO BRUSSELS (BELGIUM); COLLISION AND FIRE IN
NEW YORK HARBOR ON 2 JUNE 1973 WITH LOSS OF LIFE
U.S. Coast Guard. 1975.
Marine casualty report, USCG/NTSB-MAR-75-6. 74p.
Oil spills, Ships, Tankers, Beaches, Crude oil, New York
-------
Steering failure in the SS C.V. Sea Witch caused it to collide with
the SS ESSO Brussels, a crude oil tanker. Nearly 5 million liters
(31,000 barrels) of oil were ignited and the resulting fire killed
16 men. Nearby beaches were polluted and damages amounted to $23
million.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(9):#AD-A021 429/6GA. 1976]
C-1769-76
ESTIMATE OF ANNUAL INPUT OF PETROLEUM TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM
NATURAL MARINE SEEPAGE
Wilson, R.D. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 58a-96.
Natural seepage, Oceans
This paper presents an estimate of yearly oil input into the oceans
from naturally occurring marine seepage. Based on geologic consid-
erations, the probable range of seepage is 0.2 to 6.0 million metric
tons per year.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11) :#W76-05141. 1976]
C-1770-76
ESTIMATES OF ANNUAL INPUT OF PETROLEUM TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
FROM OFFSHORE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Wilson, R.D. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 96a-110.
Oil spills, Leakage, Oceans, Offshore production
The total input of oil entering the sea from offshore drilling and
production operations is estimated at 0.08 million metric tons per
year worldwide.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11) :#W76-05142. 1976]
C-l771-76
THE ALERT BAY OIL SPILL: A ONE-YEAR STUDY OF THE RECOVERY OF A
CONTAMINATED BAY
Wong, C.S. 1974.
Pacific Marine Science Report No. 74-9.
Oil spills, Restoration, *Alert Bay oil spill
Summary not available.
10
-------
2. MONITORING
C-1772-76
ANALYZER PREVENTS OIL SPILLS (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(33):148.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Oil transfer, Offshore drilling, Oil spills,
Pollution prevention
A new analyzer, OCMA-32* prevents oil spills by monitoring effluents
from refineries, oil-transfer facilities, offshore drilling platforms,
or oil-water separators. It accurately measures total concentration
of oils and greases in water and has a built-in alarm system. FFI
contact Horiba Instruments Inc., 1021 Duryea Ave., Irvine, CA 92714.
C-1773-76
ASSESSMENT OF THE COAST OF WALES IN TERMS OF NATURE CONSERVATION
Anon. 1975.
Nature Conservancy Council Wales, Report.
Coasts, Wales, Conservation, Offshore development
The biological, geological, and physiographical features on the
coast of Wales which are of importance in terms of nature conser-
vation were evaluated. A survey was made to make available informa-
tion necessary for nature and conservation aspects to be considered
in the event of offshore oil discoveries and subsequent coastal
development.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(2) :#76-1644. 1976]
C-l774-76
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING AND ASSESSMENT,
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, SEPTEMBER 14-19, 1975, PROCEEDINGS. VOLUMES 1 & 2.
Anon. 1976.
New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,
1976. Vol. 1. 569p.; Vol. 2. 600p.
Detection, Remote sensing, *0il pollutants, Design and engineering,
Toxicity
Topics of papers include the detection and monitoring of environmental
pollutants including oil. Development and design of pollution detection
systems, surveillance programs, and compliance monitoring systems are
also covered. Other papers examine the toxicity of various pollutants
and their effects and interactions with the atmosphere, soil, ground-
water and marine waters.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(11)^25933. 1976]
11
-------
C-1775-76
MONACO WORKSHOP ASSESSES POLLUTION MONITORING PROJECT (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
IMS Newsletter No. 12:1.
Oil slicks, Tar, Oceans, Beaches
An international workshop of experts was held in Monaco, 14-18 June,
1976, to evaluate the IOC-WMO pilot project on marine pollution
(petroleum) monitoring. The project, which had been in progress
18 months, includes observation of oil slicks and other floating
pollutants, collection of tar balls, studies of tar thrown up on
beaches, and dissolved hydrocarbons in surface waters. Recommen-
dations made at the workshop are briefly discussed.
C-1776-76
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT STREAMS
Anon. 1974.
Food Technology 28(2):64.
Wastewaters, *UV absorption
A method for monitoring effluent streams using a Dispersed Oil in
Water Monitor, was developed by C-E Invalco, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The
monitor's dual-beam-light measuring system continuously monitors
the UV absorption rate in a stream and provides an accurate deter-
mination of oil contained in water by detecting variations in
absorption.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9):#W76-04187. 1976]
C-1777-76
SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR BASED ON SMALL ANGLE FORWARD
LIGHT SCATTERING
Batutis, E., and F. Calello, Jr. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-35-76, Contract DOT-CG-32370-A. 185p.
Design and engineering, *0il-in-water monitor
The development and evaluation of an on line Oil-in-Water Content
Monitor based on optical scattering is presented. Tests for inter-
ferences were conducted and particulate matter was found to be the
only serious interference. Tolerance levels range from + 10% to
± 33% depending upon oil types and mixtures.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11) :#AD-A022 895/76A. 1976]
C-1778-76
DETECTION OF OIL IN SEWERS
Bock, D.H., and E.H. Eckert. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/027. 34p.
12
-------
Detection, Waste oil, Analytical techniques, *Sewage
Methods capable of measuring quantities of oil as small as those in a
surface active film to massive accumulations in waste water were selected
and tested. Because thick oil can be measured by electrical and thermal
conductivity devices which require little maintenance in sewer use, more
techniques can be adapted to thick oil than thin oil detection problems.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-249 359/1GA. 1976]
C-l779-76
BARIUM IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL WATERS: A POTENTIAL INDICATOR
OF MARINE DRILLING CONTAMINATION
Chow, T.J. 1976.
Science 193 (4247):57-58.
Contamination, OCS, Offshore drilling, Southern California, *Barium
concentrations
The present barium content of Southern California coastal waters was
determined to range from 11 to 22 ug per kg of seawater. These values
may be useful in establishing baseline concentrations for monitoring
marine contamination during future offshore drilling and exploration
activities by the oil and gas industry.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32):#223,474. 1976]
C-l780-76
FLUORESCENCE MEASURING PROCESS FOR DETECTING SMALL QUANTITIES OF OIL
IN LYES AND WASTE WATERS USING THE SPEKOL SPECTROCOLORIMETER
Czembor, R. 1975.
Jena Review 20(5):238-243.
Wastewaters, Fuel oil, *Fluorescence
In wastewater, diesel oil (< 1000 mg/1) was detected by measuring the
fluorescence at the 328-340"nm double band or 400 nm single band upon
excitation at 270 or 345 nm, respectively. To detect diesel oil in
industrial KOH solutions, 50-100 mg/1 Fluorol Gruengold was added per
one liter of diesel oil and excitation at 467 nm was used. A contin-
uous, automated flow through mode of analysis is described.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#173378s. 1976]
C-l 781-76
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF OIL INDUSTRY OPERATIONS
Cowell, E.B. 1975.
Proceedings of the Challenger Society 4(6):266-267.
13
-------
Biological effects, Biomass, Plankton, Oil industry, England
The British Petroleum Company's program for assessing the environmental
impact of its operations is reviewed. Data collected include abundance
of planktonic species, size and growth performance, breeding, and recruit-
ment success, biomass, productivity and diversity. These studies are to
provide management with information to assess levels of environmental
protection.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3):#6Q3184. 1976]
C-1782-76
THE USE OF ACCUMULATOR ORGANISMS IN A MONITORING SYSTEM FOR CHEMICAL
CARCINOGENS IN COASTAL WATERS
Dunn, B.P., and H.F. Stich. 1975.
Pacific Science Congress, 13th, 1975. Vancouver, University of British
Columbia, 1975. Vol. 1. p. 20. Abstract.
Contamination, Marine organisms, Sediments, Carcinogens, PAH, Chromato-
graphy, *Mussels
Contamination of marine organisms and sediments by carcinogenic and
mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was examined using
gas chromatography. Mussel contamination by benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P)
is closely related to the degree of human activity near the sampling
site. The use of mussels in a large scale screening program for
carcinogens in the marine environment is discussed.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(4):#76-03551. 1976]
C-1783-76
HYDROCARBON UPTAKE AND LOSS BY THE MUSSEL MYTILUS EDULIS
Fossato, V.U., and W.J. Canzonier. 1976.
Marine Biology 36(3):243-250.
Hydrocarbons, Fuel oil, Biological effects, Mollusks, *Mytilus edulis
The uptake and elimination of diesel fuel hydrocarbons by the blue
mussel Mytilus edulis was monitored over a period of up to 41 days.
The mussels accumulated hydrocarbons in their tissues in excess of
1000 times the exposure dosage of 200-400 yg/1. After termination
of the dosage, rapid depuration occurred during the first 15-20 days,
and significant fractions were still recovered after 32 days.
Definite signs of physiological stress accompanied the hydrocarbon
accumulation, but the mussels recovered quickly after termination
of dosage. The suitability of mussels for monitoring chronic hydro-
carbon pollution is discussed.
14
-------
C-1784-76
DEVELOPMENT OF BUOY MOUNTED HYDROCARBON VAPOR SENSORS FOR USE IN LOCAL
AREA POLLUTION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Goodson, L.H., W.B. Jacobs, and S. Puent. 1975.
Interim report, USCG-C-10-76. Contract DOT-CG-34320-A. 112p.
Detection, Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Design and engineering
Hydrocarbon vapor sensing on buoys along watercourses for the signalling
of oil spills on a real time basis has been investigated. Three sensors
were tested under laboratory and field conditions; recommendations for
further evaluation of the sensors are made.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11) :#AD-A022 855/1GA. 1976]
C-1785-76
SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR BASED ON LIGHT-SCATTERING AT
45 DEG., 90 DEG. AND 135 DEG. AND TURBIDITY AT 0 DEG.
Hadermann, A.F., and J.H. Bockinski. 1976.
Final report, USCG-D-25-76, Contract DOT-CG-34170-A. 169p.
Bilges, Ships, Design and engineering
A breadboard oil-in-water content monitor developed for shipboard
applications consists of a sample handling system for homogenizing
the oil, and a unique multiangle scattered-light and turbidity sensor.
The monitor response is linear from 0 to more than 125 ppm oil concen-
tration and the response time is less than 10 seconds. Recommendations
for a field prototype instrument are presented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(13):#AD-A023 839/4GA. 1976]
C-1786-76
OIL LEVEL DETECTION CIRCUIT
Huang, K. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,958,157
Monitoring, Detection, *0il-on-water, *0il-collecting chamber
A method is described for detecting the level of oil in an oil-collecting
chamber containing oil floating on water. The device is a sensing
circuit with two electrodes and an amplifier allowing the presence of
oil and the thickness of oil in the chamber to be monitored.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(36):#224,527. 1976]
3,958,157
OIL LEVEL DETECTION CIRCUIT
Kwang-U Huang, Oxaard, CiUf., assignor to The United States
of America as rt pi mated by the Secretary of the Navy,
Washington, D.C.
Filed Feb. 12, 1975, Ser. No. 549,396
Int. CL' G05D 9/12
VS. CL 317-123 7 Claims
15
-------
C-1787-76
MONITORING ESTUARINE CIRCULATION AND OCEAN WASTE DISPERSION USING AN
INTEGRATED SATELLITE-AIRCRAFT-DROGUE APPROACH
Klemas, V., G. Davis, H. Wang, W. Whelan, and G. Tornatore. 1975.
International Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment,
Las Vegas, 1975. New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc., 1976. Vol. 1. p.l 16-2 to 10 16-2.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Movement
An integrated satellite-aircraft-drogue approach has been developed
which provides a cost-effective, synoptic means for studying ocean
current circulation, monitoring oil slick movements, and tracing
waste dispersion in coastal areas and on the Continental Shelf.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(11) :#25926. 1976]
C-1788-76
THE OCCURRENCE OF ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS IN THE RIVER RHINE AND THE
RIVER MAAS IN 1974
Meijers, A.P., and R. Chr. Van der leer. 1976.
Water Research 10(7) :597-605.
Rhine River, Contamination, *Maas River, Europe
The results of investigations of the organic pollution of the river
Rhine and river Maas during 1974 are summarized in this article.
Analyses show that the river Rhine is heavily polluted by oil, a
number of aromatics and aromatic bases, and a number of oxygenated
substances. The river Maas is much less polluted by these substances
with the exception of oil.
C-1789-76
OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM SUMMARY
Montfort.R.W. 1975.
Interim report, USCG-D-188-75. 42p.
Wastewaters, Design and engineering, Oil-water separation
Three concepts for oil-in-water content monitors developed under
separate Coast Guard contracts are described. These monitors were
modified to improve their sensitivity and selectivity to oil and to
demonstrate their capabilities and limitations in monitoring the
effluent from an oily water separator.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#AD-A022960/9GA. 1976]
C-1790-76
OIL POLLUTION TOTALIZER
Moreau, J.D., and R.A. Halko. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,924,449
16
-------
Oil discharges, Wastewaters, Sampling
The totalizer provides for the removal of oil from a sample stream,
control of the sample flow rate in proportion to the stream flow
rate, and storage of the oil for analysis by a continuous oil monitor-
ing device or by standard laboratory techniques.
[from Selected Water Resources 9(10):#W76-04603. 1976]
3,924,449
OIL POLLUTION TOTALIZER
James O. Moreau, Morri*PI«ins, and Richard A. Halko, Flan-
ders, both of N.J., assignors to Exxon Research and Engi-
neering Co., Linden, tf.J.
Disclosure was also published under Trial Voluntary Protest
Program on Jan. 28, 1975.
Int. a.* COIF 1100; COIN 1/20
VS. Cl. 73—61.1 R 8 Claims
- -'
j
C-1791-76
OIL DETECTOR
Ohtsu, T., Y. Nakamura, and A. Sugimoto. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,528,026
Detection, Design and engineering, *0il detector
"Oil is detected in water using a cell that is an arm of a wheatstone
bridge. Inside the cell is a layer of conductive graphite covered by
a water repellant filter made of Polyflon, polyethylene, or silicon
impregnated paper."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184652c. 1976]
C-l792-76
METHOD AND MEANS FOR MONITORING THE QUANTITY OF DISPERSED OIL IN WATER
Rosso, F. B., and H. Ross. 1974.
Canadian Patent 960,060
Wastewaters, Dispersions, Design and engineering
This system includes an ultraviolet light source for transmission of
light through the sample of oily water, a chamber to contain the sample,
a photocell to translate the transmitted ultraviolet light into an
electrical signal, circuit and registration means, and a reciprocating
wiper to clean the interior of the sample chamber.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05338. 1976]
17
-------
C-1793-76
DETECTION .AND RECORDING OF OIL IN MIXTURES OF OIL AND WATER
Underwood, H., and W.A. Radford. 1976.
British Patent 1,429,470
Detection, Contamination
Presence of oil in water is detected and recorded by bringing the
water in contact with a tape that is connected to an oil sensing
device. The specially treated tape, which has both on oleophilic
and hydrophobic surface, can be stored to provide a record of the
oil present in the water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#220,841. 1976]
C-1794-76
BASELINE INFORMATION ON CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM-BASED
HYDROCARBONS IN THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Wong, C.S., W.J. Cretney, R.W. MacDonald, and P. Erickson. 1974.
Interim report of the Beaufort Sea Project Study C3. 51 p.
Hydrocarbons, Tar, Beaufort Sea, Sampling
Chemical oceanographic studies conducted in the Beaufort Sea drilling
area during summer, 1976, indicate that the marine environment in
these waters is very clean. No tar or plastic wastes were found in the
samples. The levels of dissolved polyaromatic hydrocarbons and
gaseous hydrocarbons were found to be low, approaching those of
uncontaminated Pacific Ocean waters.
C-1795-76
TAR AND PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS ON THE BEAUFORT SEA COAST
Wong, C.S., D. MacDonald, and W.J. Cretney. 1976.
Beaufort Sea Project, Technical report no. 13. 96p.
Tar, Natural seepage, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Beaufort Sea,
*Distribution
The report describes the methods and results of a study designed to
establish the baseline distribution of particulate pollutants,
especially for tar and plastics, in the present-day Beaufort Sea
marine environment; to establish areas with natural seepage of crude
oil; and to determine the chemical characteristics of hydrocarbons
in beach sediment* nearshore sediment, and marine organisms. Results
indicated that the coastline along the Beaufort Sea studied in the
summers of 1974 and 1975 is very clean with respect to oil and tar
accumulation; however, plastics contamination of beach areas was
prevalent. No natural seepage of crude oil was found in areas
surveyed.
Information: C.S. Wong, Department of the Environment, Ocean &
Aquatic Sciences, Pacific Region, Ocean Chemistry Division, 211
Harbour Rd., Victoria, B.C. V9A 352 Canada
18
-------
C-1796-76
INVERTED SIPHONS FOR OIL TRAPPING
Ziegler, R.C., R.E. Baiersand D.J. Schuring. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/028. 66p.
Waste oil, Chemical analysis, Pollution prevention, New York, *Buffalo
River
Investigations of the oil trapping characteristics of inverted siphons
for preventing and eliminating oil pollution in the Buffalo River are
described. A detailed spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis of
water samples revealed that most of the trapped oil was of petroleum
origin and was traced to fuel oil spills. Inverted siphons were
demonstrated to be nearly 100% effective for trapping surface oils,
but trapping efficiency is very low for emulsified oil carried in
bulk water.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-249 360/9GA. 1976]
19
-------
3. REMOTE SENSING
C-1797-76
TAMU SCIENTISTS DEVELOP AUTOMATIC POLLUTION DETECTOR (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(7):38.
Detection, Oil spills, Design and engineering,*U.S. Coast Guard
A twin laser device which can be used to detect oil pollution
automatically has been developed by Texas A & M University. Capable
of scanning an area for one complete year without maintenance in all
kinds of weather, it will provide an alarm to Coast Guard cleanup
stations. This device will be the only in situ oil spill sensor in
existence, since it is designed to be mounted on bridges to monitor
river and harbor waters continuously.
C-1798-76
EXPERIENCES WITH REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR QUESTIONS REGARDING
COASTAL WATERS [in German]
Bahr, H.P. 1975.
Symposium on Earth Surveys, Porz-Wahn, West Germany, 1975. Cologne,
Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft-und Raumfahrt, 1975.
p. 481-487.
Oil spills, Spreading, Germany, West
Remote sensing techniques for studying water pollution phenomena
along the German North Sea coast are described including certain
photogrammetric techniques which proved useful in the analysis of
a spreading oil slick.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(14):#31459. 1976]
C-l799-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ALASKAN
COASTAL ZONE BASED ON LANDSAT IMAGERY
Belon, A.E., J.M. Miller, and W.J. Stringer. 1975.
NASA Earth Resources Surv. Symposium. Vol. 28:242-260.
Oil spills, Movement, Environmental effects, Offshore development,
Alaska coast
Landsat data has been shown to be effective for developing models of
suspended transport and for preparing contingency plans based on the
movement of oil spills in Alaskan coastal waters. Physical and biolog-
ical impacts of developmental activities on the coastal zone may also
be assessed using Landsat imagery.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(35):#224,214. 1976]
20
-------
C-1880-76
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF SEA ROUGHNESS ON THE REMOTE
SENSING OF OIL POLLUTION BY THE ACTIVE METHOD [English summary]
Bogorodsky, V.V., M.A. Kropotkin, and T. Yu Sheveleva. 1975.
Okeanologiya 15(6):1112-1115.
Baltic Sea, *0il pollution
"Investigations were carried out during the expedition in the Baltic
Sea at the wind speed between 3 m/sec and 15 m/sec with the help of
a special electrical model. Dynamic time constant and contrast in
the reflectance properties of oil pollution and pure water vs wind
speed were obtained."
C-1801-76
AIRBORNE LASER REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
OF OIL SPILLS
Fantasia, J.F.,and H.C. Ingrao. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,889,213
Detection, Source identification, Oil spills, *Fluorescence
This system directs pulses of high energy artificial light onto the
spill to cause the oil to fluoresce. Since each oil has a distinct
fluorescent spectral signature, detection and identification of an
oil spill is very accurate.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#Patent-3,889,213. 1976]
C-1802-76
OILSPILL SURVEILLANCE, DETECTION, AND EVALUATION BY REMOTE SENSING
Jones, D.R. 1975.
NASA Earth Resources Surv. Symposium. Vol. 26:271-279.
Oil spills, Detection, Monitoring, Regulations
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ?-.u the U.S. Coast
Guard are currently using aerial and fixed platform oil spill detec-
tion systems primarily based on remote sensing devices. The incidence
of oil spills is expected to decrease with maximum surveillane in 1978.
Federal regulations and industrial monitoring are also discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(35):#224,216. 1976]
C-1803-76
AERIAL REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN SUPPORT OF OIL SPILL CLEANUP,
CONTROL AND PREVENTION
Jones, D., R. Landers, and A. Pressman. 1975.
International Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment,
Las Vegas, 1975. New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc., 1976. Vol. 1. p.l 17-5 to 4 17-5.
21
-------
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Cleanup, *U.S. Coast Guard
The aerial remote-sensing surveillance systems used by the U.S. Coast
Guard and the Environmental Protection Agency for detecting oil
discharges and supporting oil spill cleanup and control operations
are described. The functions of the Coast Guard's Airborne Oil
Surveillance System are summarized, and examples of actual and hypo-
thetical oil spill scenarios and responses to them are presented.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(11):#25933. 1976]
C-1804-76
THE INFLUENCE OF COASTAL FRONTS ON THE MOVEMENT AND DISPERSION OF
OIL SLICKS
Klemas, V., G. Davis,and S. Kupferman. 1976.
Report NASA-CR-146334, Contract NAS5-20983. 3p.
Oil slicks, Movement, Coasts, Estuaries, Delaware Bay, *LANDSAT
Oil slick tracking experiments were conducted in Delaware Bay to
verify a predictive oil dispersion and movement model. LANDSAT
satellites and aircraft tracking data were used to support the
conclusion that during certain parts of the tidal cycle the oil
slicks tend to line up along coastal and estuarine salinity gradients
or fronts.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#E76-10223. 1976]
C-1805-76
VERIFICATION BY REMOTE SENSING OF AN OIL SLICK MOVEMENT PREDICTION
MODEL
Klemas, V., G. Davis, and H. Wang. 1976.
Report NASA-CR-146336, Contract NAS5-20983. 3p.
Oil slicks, Movement, Delaware Bay, *LANDSAT
Oil slick movement was tracked on four different dates in Delaware
Bay using LANDSAT, aircraft, ships, and air-dropped drogues. A
predictive model for oil slick movement was verified using data on
size and location of slick, current and wind velocities, and the
nature of the oil. Convergent coastal fronts were found to signifi-
cantly influence the movement and dispersion of oil slicks.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#E76-10225. 1976]
C-1806-76
FLIGHT EVALUATION OF U.S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Maurer, A., and A.T. Edgerton. 1976.
Marine Technology Society Journal 10(4):38-52.
Detection, Oil spills, Natural seepage, California coast
22
-------
A prototype airborne oil surveillance system was tested off the
California coast by the U.S. Coast Guard. Data were obtained from
routine shipping, controlled oil spills, and natural seeps. The
system detected and mapped oil spills and seeps in conditions
ranging from cloudy to clear, from wind speeds of 0-46 km/hr (0-25
knots) and from daytime to night. In all cases the discharges were
detected and mapped at ranges up to 22 kilometers.
C-l807-76
APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING TO ESTUARINE PROBLEMS
Munday, J.C. Jr. 1975.
Annual report, NASA-CR-146075, AR-3. 178p.
Estuaries, Shorelines, Ecosystems, *0il pollution
Summary not available.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(10)-JN76-15526/6GA. 1976]
C-l808-76
REMOTE SENSING AND ANALYSIS OF OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS FROM ERTS-1
Needham, B.H. 1975.
Ocean 75, Combined Meeting of IEEE Conference on Engineering in the
Ocean Environment and Annual Meeting of the Marine Technology Society,
llth, San Diego, 1975. IEEE--75-CHO-995-1-OEC. p. 798-802.
Oil spills, Natural seepage, Monitoring, *ERTS-1
Remote sensing data collected by the Earth Resources Technology
Satellite (ERTS-1) have provided repetitive coverage of oceanographic
parameters, such as detection and monitoring of oil spills, seeps,
and sludge dump sites.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(6):#6Q5802. 1976]
C-l809-76
THE USE OF TELEVISION FOR REMOTE SENSING
Worsfold, R.D., J.A. Allen, and B.E. Fretts. 1975.
Remote Sensing of the Environment 4(l):5-35.
Oil slicks, Oil spills, Monitoring, St. Lawrence River, Bahamas
Experimental oil spills were produced in daytime and at night in the
St. Lawrence Seaway and off Grand Bahama Island. The formation and
dispersion of the resultant oil slicks were monitored with closed
circuit TV and low-light level TV camera systems. These tests clearly
indicated that television is a very useful sensor system which should
be an integral part of any oil spill monitoring program.
23
-------
4. SAMPLING
C-1810-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical and Engineering News 54(25):20.
Oil spills, Adsorption
The Naval Research Laboratory has developed two inexpensive techniques
for sampling and measuring the thickness of oil spill films on water.
One method uses a 5-mil hydrophilic Teflon sheet which adsorbs the
oil. Polyurethane foam disks are used in a second method by which
oil can be adsorbed. These oleophilic and hydrophobic disks can be
weighed before and after contact with the oil to determine oil film
thickness.
C-1811-76
SAMPLING AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTANT OILS IN INDUSTRIAL WATERCOURSES
Baier, R.E., E.A. Gasiecki, R.P. Leonard,and E.J. Mack. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/031. 255p.
Source identification, Analytical techniques, Oil spills, Industries,
Cleanup
A documented discussion of methods for sampling and identifying
pollutant oils in industrial watercourses is given. Gas chromato-
graphy and infrared spectroscopy along with other analytical techniques
for oil pollution analysis are presented. Various oil spill cleanup
and recovery systems are evaluated.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-249-362/56A. 1976]
C-1812-76
DISTRIBUTION OF OIL AGGREGATES IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
SEA IN APRIL - JUNE 1974 [English summary]
Benzhitskij, A.G., and G.G. Polikarpov. 1976.
Okeanologiya 16(1):87-91.
Monitoring, Mediterranean Sea, *0il aggregates, *Distribution
The central and western areas of the Mediterranean Sea were sampled
with a neuston net in order to determine the quantitative distribution
of petroleum aggregates. Maximum pollution was found in the coastal
areas of the Ionian,-Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas (6.23, 5.78, and
4.33 mg/mS respectively). Minimal pollution was observed in the
Black and Aegean Seas. Some sizes of aggregates were covered with
periphyton.
24
-------
C-1813-76
OIL AND GAS SEEPS IN ALASKA. ALASKA PENINSULA, WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA
Blasko, D.P. 1976.
Bureau of Mines, RI-8122. 85p.
Natural seepage, Alaska, *Alaska Peninsula
Oil and gas seeps of the Iniskin Peninsula and Becharof Lake regions
of the Alaskan Peninsula were investigated in an attempt to determine
whether the seeps are still active. Oil, water, gas, and oil-water
sampleswere taken and analyzed; the results are discussed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(16):#PB-253013/7GA. 1976]
C-1814-76
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL STRATEGIES FOR COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM REFINERY
STREAMS. VOLUME I
Bombaugh, K.J., E.G. Cavanaugh, J.C. Dickerman, S.L. Keil, and T.P.
Nelson. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/012a, Contract EPA-68-02-1882. 140p.
Chemical analysis, Wastewaters, Refineries
A general sampling and analytical strategy developed for use in the
identification of potentially hazardous components in process and waste
streams is described. Sampling, separation, and measurement, with
options for different stream types, are included. The strategy was
applied to five petroleum refinery streams including various emissions
and effluent water from an API separator.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(13):#PB-251 744/9GA. 1976]
C-1815-76
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL STRATEGIES FOR COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM REFINERY
STREAMS. VOLUME II. PROCESS ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM REFINERY STREAMS
Bombaugh, K.J., E.G. Cavanaugh, J.C. Dickerman, S.L. Keil, and T.P.
Nelson. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/012b, Contract EPA-68-02-1882. 196p.
Chemical analysis, Wastewaters, Refineries
An actual test study to determine from available literature and
through engineering analysis the potentially hazardous components
in five effluents from a refinery is described. Study results are
then to be applied to the development of a sampling and analysis
strategy for hazardous components in these streams. The five streams
studied include various emissions and effluent from an API separator.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(13):#PB-251 754/6GA. 1976]
25
-------
C-1816-76
DISTRIBUTION OF TAR GLOBULES AND THEIR SESSILE ORGANISMS
Kajihara, T., and Y. Ura. 1974.
Preliminary report of the Hakuho Maru Cruise KH-73-5,
November 21 - December 18, 1973, Western North Pacific adjacent to
Ryukyu and Taiwan Islands. S. Tanaka (ed.). Japan, Ocean Research
Institute, University of Tokyo, 1974. p. 49-50.
Tar, Marine organisms, Pacific Ocean
Tar globules visible to the naked eye were collected in order to
classify their horizontal distribution and relationship to sessile
organisms attached to them. Bryozoans, barnacles, serpulids and
blue-green algae were the dominant organisms found.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(5):#6Q5457. 1976]
C-1817-76
PELAGIC TAR IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA, 1974-75
Morris, B.F., et al. 1975.
Environmental Conservation 2(4):275-281.
Tar, Mediterranean Sea, Monitoring
Samples of pelagic tar taken from several stations in the Mediterranean
Sea from 12/74 to 1/75 were compared with those taken during a similar
survey in 1969. Total standing stock of pelagic tar in the Mediterra-
nean is lower at present than in 1969 due to the decrease in pollution
of the eastern basin. Changes in amount of tar should continue to be
monitored with the reopening of the Suez Canal.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):#76-04305. 1976]
C-1818-76
STUDY ON THE HEAVY OIL CONTAMINATION IN THE NORTHWEST COAST OF BAJA
CALIFORNIA [English summary]
Perez Higuera, R.,and S. Alvarez Borrego.
Ciencia Marina l(2):63-74.
Contamination, Beaches, Baja California, Fuels
Periodic sampling and meter deep cores were taken in the beaches of
northwestern Baja California to determine the extent of oil pollution.
The results obtained indicate a greater concentration in the area where
PEMEX unloads its fuels.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(5):#6Q5461. 1976]
C-1819-76
PELAGIC TAR IN THE CARIBBEAN AND EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC, 1974
Sleeter, T.D., B.F. Morris, and J.N. Butler. 1976.
Deep-Sea Research 23(5):467-474.
26
-------
Tar, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean
Pelagic tar was sampled at 61 stations in the Caribbean and 31
stations in the eastern north and equatorial Atlantic. Tar densities
in the Caribbean and Canary Current region were similar to previously
recorded densities; but in the equatorial Atlantic densities were
significantly lower than others have found. Data suggest that
although the Caribbean has a lower standing stock of tar than the
Sargasso Sea, comparable quantities of tar probably pass through the
former in unit time.
C-1820-76
THE PRESENCE OF POLLUTANT HYDROCARBONS IN ESTUARINE EPIPELIC DIATOM
POPULATIONS
Thompson, S., and Eglinton. 1976.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 4(4) :,417-425.
Hydrocarbons, PAH, Estuaries, England, *Epipelic diatoms
A complex mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons detected in the organic
extracts of three populations of Severn Estuary epipelic diatoms are
shown to be similar to the characteristic crude oil-type aliphatic
hydrocarbon distribution found in the estuary's sediments. Crude
oil-type polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) found in the sediment
were absent in the diatoms. Possible routes of selective incorporation
of hydrocarbons in these organisms and the environmental significance
of this process are discussed.
27
-------
5. ANALYSIS
C-1821-76
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF POLYNUCLEAR
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN WATER
Acheson, M.A., R.M. Harrison, R. Perry, and R.A. Wellings. 1976.
Water Research 10(3) :207-212.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, PAH, Sampling
Factors affecting the efficiency of extraction of polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from water samples are: the initial
concentration of PAH, the presence of suspended solids, and prolonged
storage of the sample prior to analysis. Analyses were performed
using thin-layer and gas-liquid Chromatography.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(6):#042679. 1976]
C-1822-76
MEASUREMENT OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER AND SEDIMENT
Brown, R.A. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 133a-151.
Analytical techniques, Hydrocarbons, Seawater, Sediment
The paper describes methods of hydrocarbon determination in sediment
and water. Techniques cover sample collection, storage, and the
measurement of hydrocarbons as individual compounds or as a total.
It is stated that more than one procedure is required to measure
the complete range of crude oil hydrocarbons and the concentrations
encountered in a given sample.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05144. 1976]
C-1823-76
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF NONVOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN OCEAN WATER
Brown, R.A., J.J. Elliott, J.M. Kelliher, and T.D. Searl. 1976.
Analytical Methods in Oceanography. R.P. Gibb (ed.). Washington,
D.C., American Chemical Society, 1975. p. 172-187. (Advances in
Chemistry Series 147. 238p.)
Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectrometry,
Sampling
Hydrocarbons heavier than Ci3 are extracted with CC14. Sample
volume is first reduced by evaporation and addition of n-pentane;
then the sample is passed through a silica gel column. The fractions
are subjected to infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, gas
Chromatography and mass spectrometry for detailed characterization.
28
-------
C-1824-76
METHODS FOR POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC [sic]
Brown, R.H. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 151a-157.
Analytical techniques, Detection, PAH, Chromatography, Spectrometry
Methods to identify and measure polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PNA) in petroleum products such as gasoline and used crankcase
oil are reviewed. The most effective procedure,combining gas
Chromatography and ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, is
detailed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11) :#W76-05145. 1976]
C-1825-76
A SCREENING BIOASSAY USING DAPHNIA PULEX FOR REFINERY WASTES DISCHARGED
INTO FRESHWATER
Buikema, A.L., D.R. Lee, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1976.
ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation 4(2) :120-125.
Toxicity, Wastewaters, Refineries, *Daphnia pulex
A simple bioassay method is suggested for on-site toxicity testing of
refinery effluents. Daphnia pulex was selected among the array of
invertebrates and fish evaluated because it was the most sensitive,
relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain, and a potential fish-
food organism. In tests of the bioassay method conducted at six
petroleum refineries, data show that the method was reproducible
and personnel were able to perform the bioassay.
C-1826-76
STUDIES OF OILS AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SEWAGE-RELATED
SYSTEMS
Caddy, D.E., and D.M. Meek. 1976.
Proceedings of Analytical Division of Chemical Society 13(2):45-47.
Chemical analysis, PAH, Wastewaters, Chromatography, *Fluorimetry
A technique is described for extracting mineral oils from aqueous
samples, isolating polar materials, and then determining the poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present by a combination of gas
Chromatography for separation and fluorimetry for detection.
[from WRC Information 3(12):#76-908S. 1976]
29
-------
C-1827-76
STUDIES ON THE OFFENSIVE-ODOR FISH OF THE NAGARA RIVER. V.
IDENTIFICATION OF OFFENSIVE ODOR SUBSTANCES BY HIGH-RESOLUTION
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY [English summary]
Funasaka, R., K. Tanaka, Y. Itagaki, Y. Ose, and T. Sato. 1975.
Eisei Kagaku 21(6) :341-347.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectrometry, Hydrocarbons, Fishes
High-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to
analyze the CH2C12 extracts of fish meat. Among the offensive-odor
causing substances detected were aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, and
aliphatic hydrocarbons.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(1):#2757f. 1976]
C-1828-76
THE ECOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AN
OIL SPILL SITE. PART II. CHEMICAL STUDIES.
Gambardella, R.A., L.C. Jiang, J. Quan, D.W. Majo, C.G. Cogger, and
D. Donovan. 1975.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 6(11):166-171.
Oil spills, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Sediments, Maine,
*Long Cove oil spill
The Long Cove oil spill in Maine was identified to be No. 2 fuel
oil mixed with JP5 jet fuel. Gas Chromatography was used to analyze
sediment samples; significant quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons
were found.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(5):#6Q5473. 1976]
C-1829-76
METHODS FOR STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF MARINE OIL SPILLS
Grassle, J.F. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 322a-346a.
Analytical techniques, Oil spills, Biological effects, Sampling
An analysis of methods used in several biological studies to measure
the effects of oil spills has resulted in a list of procedural
recommendations to make such studies more complete and representative.
The specific recommendations deal with quantitative and qualitative
aspects of chemical, biological and sedimentological sampling procedures.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05152. 1976]
30
-------
C-l830-76
ANALYSIS OF WATER EXTRACTS OF CRUDE PETROLEUM BY GEL PERMEATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Larson, R.A., and J.C. Western. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(l):44-52.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Crude oil
A new procedure using gel permeation chromatographic analysis was
used for the rapid analysis of water soluble petroleum fractions.
The effectiveness of this method in characterizing aromatic and
aliphatic hydrocarbons, fluorescent compounds, and phenolic substances
present in four different crude oils is discussed.
C-1831-76
THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TRACE CONCENTRATIONS OF PETROLEUM-
DERIVED POLLUTANTS IN THE OCEAN
Levy, E.M. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 192-223.
Analytical techniques, Sampling, Contaminants, Oceans
Techniques for sampling and extraction were outlined. The advantages
and limitations of gravimetric procedures, ultraviolet absorption,
ultraviolet fluorescence, IR absorption spectrophotometry, and
elemental analyses and gas Chromatography for the quantification of
low levels of petroleum pollutants present in the open ocean were
discussed in detail.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11) :#W76-05147. 1976]
C-1832-76
DETERMINATION OF POLYAROMATIC AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS IN WATER BY
MEANS OF GAS - AND HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Markl, P., H. Aichinger, and J.F.K. Huber. 1976.
Annual Symposium on Recent Advances in the Analytical Chemistry of
Pollutants, 6th, Vienna, 1976. Abstract.
Detection, Hydrocarbons, PAH, Chemical analysis, Chromatography,
Carcinogens
Although gas Chromatography is effective in detecting many pollutant
hydrocarbons in water, polyaromatic and other hydrocarbons of low
solubility must be detected by other methods, such as high pressure
liquid Chromatography used in conjunction with UV-absorption or
fluorescence detection. Use of this technique for determining the
presence of low-level concentrations of carcinogenicpolycyclic
hydrocarbons is described.
31
-------
C-1833-76
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT. I. DETER-
MINATION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN WATER BY MASS
FRAGMENTOGRAPHY [English summary]
Matsushima, H., and T. Hanya. 1975.
Bunseki Kagaku 24(8):505-511.
PAH, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Carcinogens, *Fragmentography
Carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the Tama River were determined after
filtering the water. The chemical extraction techniques and the
methods for separating and analyzing the hydrocarbons by chromato-
graphy and mass fragmentography are detailed. The water was found
to contain fluoranthene pyrene, 3,4-benzpyrene, and 1 ,12-benzpyrene
in quantities exceeding 100 parts per trillion.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#169452u. 1976]
C-l834-76
ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF SOME AREAS ALONG THE CALABRIA COAST
Mazzei, L. 1975.
Inquinamento 17(7-8):13-17.
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Coasts, Italy, Oil discharges, Tankers
Surveys were conducted in 1971, 1972 and 1974 along a 190 km area of
the Ionian and Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria, and measurements were
made of dissolved 02, BOD5, NHs, N02, phosphate, surfactants and
oil (by ether extraction). As indicated by relatively large amounts
of ether extractables in some samples, oil tank washings from ships
in transit were found to be a major source of pollutants.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#169388c. 1976]
C-1835-76
THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN WASTE CHEMISTRY
McGonicle, E.J. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R.L. Grob (ed.).
New York, Dekker, 1975. p. 639-673.
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Wastewaters, Waste oils,
Chromatography, Bibliographies
The detection of numerous contaminants in wastewaters, such as
hydrocarbons, oils and greases, phenolic compounds and fuels by
thin layer Chromatography is reviewed. An extensive bibliography
is included.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):#9872y. 1976]
32
-------
C-l836-76
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES IN SEDIMENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF THE
LANGUEDOC IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Mestres, R., C. Causse, Ch. Duboul Razavet, and F. Gadel. 1975.
Travaux de la Societe de Pharmacie de Montpellier 35(2):137-141.
Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Mediterranean Sea, Analytical techniques,
Spectrometry
Infrared spectrophotometry was used to measure the hydrocarbon content
of sediments sampled on the continental shelf between Sete and Fos
sur Mer in the Mediterranean Sea. Results are presented and details
are given on the method of extraction and analysis.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(4):#972. 1976]
C-1837-76
OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH PROGRAM
Prouse, N.J. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 75-77.
Analytical techniques, Hydrocarbons, Seawater, Canada, Biological
effects, Marine organisms
This program was initially aimed at improving existing and developing
new analytical procedures for determining hydrocarbons in seawater.
These methods were used on surveys to find the extent of dissolved
and suspended hydrocarbon pollution in waters off of eastern Canada.
The effects of various oils on marine phytoplankton photosynthesis
and on certain intertidal organisms are being investigated. Future
plans will attempt to develop oil budgets for Nova Scotian inlets.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28) :#221,990. 1976]
C-l838-76
FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF CARCINOGENIC AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS IN WATER
Schwarz, F.P., and S.P. Wasik. 1976.
International Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment
2(30-2):l-5.
Chemical analysis, PAH, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Carcinogens,
*Fluorescence
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in aqueous solutions were
measured and identified using spectrofluorimetry. Sodium chloride
at seawater concentrations and mg/1 concentrations of iron, zinc,
cobalt, and nickel cations in the water do not affect PAH fluores-
cence intensity.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(16):#PB-252 734/9GA. 1976]
33
-------
C-1839-76
1970 ARROW BUNKER C IN 1974: RE-ENTRY OF STRANDED BUNKER C OIL FROM
A LOW-ENERGY BEACH INTO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Vandermeulen, J.H. 1975.
Pacific Science Congress, 13th, 1975. Vancouver, University of
British Columbia, 1975. Vol. 1. p. 85-56. Abstract.
Analytical techniques, Spectroscopy, Fuel oil, Hydrocarbons, Marine
organisms, Sediments
Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to analyze tidal and beach inter-
stitial water, selected marine invertebrates, and algae. The main
route of tidal removal of stranded oil deposits in a low energy beach
appears to be via the sediments, where residence time is long.
Burrowing and rooted organisms are subjected to high levels of petro-
leum hydrocarbons.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(4):#76-03570. 1976]
C-1840-76
SATURATED HYDROCARBON MATERIAL IN SEDIMENTS OF THE DELAWARE ESTUARY
AS DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES
Wehmiller, J.F., and M. Lethan. 1975.
University of Delaware, Final report, CMS-RANN-3-75. 87p.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Delaware
Bay, Oil spills, Sampling
This report presents a preliminary interpretation of the analyses of
hydrocarbon material in sediments of the Delaware estuary as deter-
mined by solvent extraction, column Chromatography, and gas-liquid
Chromatography. Thirty-five stations from Philadelphia to the bay
mouth have been analyzed. Several stations have been reoccupied
and reanalyzed following the oil spill from the "Corinthos" tanker
explosion on January 31, 1975; many of these "post-Corinthos"
samples are discussed in the appendix to the report.
C-1841-76
STUDIES ON THE LIPIDS OF COASTAL WATERS. II. HYDROCARBONS OF
SEDIMENTS IN HIUCHI NADA
Yamada, H., and M. Kayama. 1975.
Hiroshima Daigaku. Sui-Chikusangakubu, Fukuyama, Japan. Hiroshima
Daigaku Sui-Chikusangakubu Kiyo 14(l):37-47.
Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Japan
Sediments were analyzed for their hydrocarbon content using gas-
liquid Chromatography. Test results indicate that biogenic hydro-
carbons are decomposing faster than nonbiogenic hydrocarbons which
suggests that the hydrocarbons are mainly derived from the organisms
in the Seto Inland Sea.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(4):#76-03500. 1976]
34
-------
C-1842-76
DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS BY CHANNEL THIN-LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Zoccolillo, L., and A. Liberti. 1976.
Journal of Chromatography 120(2):485-488.
Detection, PAH, Chemical analysis, Chromatography
A rapid and reliable thin-layer Chromatography technique is described
for the quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH). The procedure was used to analyze the total PAH content of
gasoline exhaust, atmospheric dust, and lubricating oil and would be
applicable in petroleum pollution studies.
35
-------
6. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
C-l843-76
EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF WATERBORNE OIL
Adlard, E.R. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 111-133.
Oil spills, Analytical techniques, Chemical analysis
The European experience in the identification of waterborne oil is
reviewed and conclusions on pollutant analysis reached from past oil
pollution incidents are presented. A general scheme of oil pollutant
analysis is proposed which uses x-ray fluorescence analysis, emission
spectrometry, gas chromatography, infra-red spectroscopy, and other
techniques.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05143. 1976]
C-l844-76
PETROLEUM IDENTIFICATION BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Ahmadjian, M., and C.W. Brown. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(8):1257-1259.
Oil spills, Analytical techniques, Spectroscopy
Laser-Raman spectroscopy was tested for use in fingerprinting oil
spills. Various oils, including No. 2 fuel oil, kerosenes and actual
spill oils, were analyzed and Raman spectroscopy was found to be a
fast and simple method for identifying the petroleum products.
C-l845-76
OIL DRILLING RISKS!
Anon. 1976.
Scandinavian Oil and Gas Magazine 4(5):22.
Oil spills, Oil discharges, Tankers, Oil industry
Marine oil pollution sources other than offshore blowouts are identi-
fied. Accidental and intentional discharges by tankers and other ships
are the single greatest source of pollution, followed by industry and
semipublic institutions. The article comments on the inadequate state
of preparedness for oil spill events.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(30) :#222,629. 1976]
36
-------
C-l846-76
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemistry in Canada 28(6) :17.
PAH, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Carcinogens, Contamination, Canada
Recent studies by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment indicate
the wide spread occurrence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
compounds in the environment. The sources of such PAH compounds,
many of which are known carcinogens, include asphalt plants, combus-
tion of fuel oil, and incineration of carbonaceous wastes. These
compounds are not easily removed by waste treatment methods and are
stable and persistent in the environment.
C-1847-76
THE SOURCES OF OIL ENTERING THE SEA
Brummage, K.G. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 1-6.
Oil spills, Oil discharges, Oceans, Tankers, Ships
The main sources of oil entering the sea were reviewed and included
tanker cargo operations, tanker accidents, ship accidents, offshore
oil operations, refineries, discharges on land, and bilges, bunkering,
etc. The total amount of oil entering the sea was estimated to be
2.55 million tons per annum, 39% of which is due to tanker operations.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05136. 1976]
C-l848-76
OIL POLLUTION ALONG GUJURAT COAST AND ITS POSSIBLE SOURCE
Divivedi, S.N., B.N. Desai, A.H. Parulekar, V. Josanto, and M.D.
George. 1974.
Mahagasar 7(1-2):91-94.
Contamination, Chemical analysis, Coasts, India
Summary not available.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(2):7604/1308. 1976]
C-l849-76
THE U.S. COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OIL SPILL FORENSIC
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: AN EVALUATION
Giles, H.N., and J.R. Jadamec. 1976.
U.S. National Bureau of Standards Material Resources Symposium, 8th,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1976. p. 23-24. Abstract.
Oil spills, Sampling, Analytical techniques, *U.S. Coast Guard
37
-------
The U.S. Coast Guard has developed a comprehensive system for the
positive source identification of oil spills which includes proce-
dures for sampling, sample transmittal, classification, and finger-
printing by an array of analytical techniques. Gas chromatography,
thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet
fluorescence spectroscopy, and a number of secondary techniques are
applied to provide a statistical probability of correctness of
> 99.99% for any samples matched.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33) :#223,742. 1976]
C-1850-76
TRACE ORGANIC COMPONENTS AS FINGERPRINTS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC
IDENTIFICATION OF SPILLED ASPHALTS
Kawahara, F.K. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(8):761-765.
Chemical analysis,, Chromatography, Oil spills
The development and testingof a new concept for oil identification
using electron capture-gas chromatography is discussed. This tech-
nique separates the perfluorobenzyl thioethers and ethers which are
derivatives of weak acids present in discharged petroleum products.
The chromatograms of these ethers serve as fingerprints for identi-
fication .
C-1851-76
CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL SPILLS BY CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Rasmussen, D.V. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(11):1562-1572.
Oil spills, Chemical analysis, Chromatography
Hydrocarbon oil spills have been successfully identified using gas
chromatography. One method of analysis is described and both liquid
and solid oil spill samples are identified using a 30 m (100 ft)
Dexsil-300 Support Coated Open Tube column.
C-1852-76
IDENTIFICATION OF WATERBORNE OILS
Weiss, F.T. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p. 290a-306.
Analytical techniques, Sampling, *Waterborne oils
This review compares the principal techniques for the identification
of waterborne oils. A tabular summary is included to indicate the
significant features of each technique. Information is also presented
on the important and practical aspects of sampling, preservation, and
treatment prior to analysis.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05150. 1976]
38
-------
B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
C-1853-76
OIL SPILL BOOM
(Inventor unknown) 1976.
Australian Patent 469,274
Oil spills, Booms, Design and engineering
An oil spill containment boom consists of a series of interconnected
ballasted floats to which a continuous screen barrier is attached.
The float assembly is designed to counteract heeling forces due to
movement of water and to retain the boom in a stable position.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(30):#222,631. 1976]
C-1854-76
BOOM (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(8):820.
Booms, Oil spills, Design and engineering
"Designed to contain oil spills or to serve as oil barriers, the boom
is manufactured in 20 ft (6.1 m) sections with 9 in (23 cm.) diameters,
polyfoam pellet-filled bladder and an 18 in (46 cm) skirt and chain
ballast. Sections can be connected by vinyl zippers." FFI contact
Environetics, Inc.
C-1855-76
FLOATING ANTI-POLLUTION BARRIER
Ballu, L. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,919,847
Oil spills, Design and engineering
The barrier is designed to catch floating articles or substances
including oil and consists of one or more floating elements and a
skirt made of a flexible material such as fabric impregnated with
rubber.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(8):#W76-03513. 1976]
3.919,847
FLOATING ANTI-POLLUTION BARRIER
Louis Ballu, Colombes, France, assignor to Pncumaliques,
Caoutchouc Manufacture et pltstiques Kteber-Cotombes,
France
Filed Nov. 27, 1973, Ser. No. 419,334
Claims priority, application France, Nov. 27, 1972,
72.42160
lat. a.* E02B IS/04
VS. Cl. 61-IF S Claims
39
-------
C-1856-76
HIGH SEAS OIL CONTAINMENT BARRIER MOORING SYSTEM
Bitting, K.R. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-176-75. 128p.
Oil spills, Design and engineering, *Mooring device
Designed, fabricated and tested to moor the Air Deployable Lightweight
High Seas Oil Containment Barrier of the U.S. Coast Guard's High Seas
Oil Spill Response System, this mooring device consists of an inflat-
able buoy, anchor, and delivery container. The mooring system was
built to be deliverable by helicopter and to have a delivery radius
of 130 km (70 nautical miles).
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#AD-A020 980/9GA. 1976]
C-1857-76
A CONNECTOR HINGE FOR OIL CONTAINMENT BOOMS
Campbell, F.J., and D.J. Graham. 1975.
U.S. Patent Application AD-D002 089/1
Booms, Oil spills, *Connector hinge
A connector hinge for attaching oil spill containment booms has a
male cylindrical connector which fits loosely within a female cylin-
drical connector to allow easy movement in both a vertical and
horizontal direction.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(9):#PAT-APPL-606 696/GA. 1976]
C-l858-76
OIL SPILL CONTROL NEARS FOR TWO PESKY PROBLEMS
lammartino, N.R. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(10):76, 78, 80.
Recovery, Oil spills, Coasts, Shorelines
Oil spill control technology has greatly advanced si nee the late 1960's;
and cooperative government-industry oil spill response teams can now
handle many of the 15,000 spills reported each year in or near U.S.
waters. Present research and development efforts are focused on contain-
ment and recovery of oil from fast-moving waters and on the protection
of shorelines from oil spills not contained offshore.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27):#221,567. 1976]
C-l859-76
OIL COLLECTION AGENTS AND THEIR USE IN CONTAINING OIL SLICKS
Canevari, G.P. 1976.
U.S Patent 3,959,134
Cleanup, Oil slicks, *0il-collecting agents
40
-------
A method for collecting oil from water surfaces using aliphatic
carboxylic acids and sorbitan monoacrylates is described. These
compounds in combination with nonpolar solvent systems are effective
oil collecting agents which reduce the area of the oil slick.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(34):#223,965. 1976]
C-1860-76
EVALUATION OF A PNEUMATIC BARRIER FOR OIL CONTAINMENT
Grace, J.M. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/030. 77p.
Design and engineering, New York, *Buffalo River, *Air barrier
The development and evaluation of a pneumatic barrier for restraining
the natural flow of surface oils in the Buffalo River was investigated.
Based on laboratory experiments, a full scale, prototype air barrier
system was designed, built and installed in the river. Tests were
run to evaluate the performance of the barrier in varying current
speeds; a limiting speed of 0.5 m per second was found.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8) :#PB-249361/7GA. 1976]
C-1861-76
FLOATING BOOM
King, G. 1976.
Australian Patent 470,555
Booms, Design and engineering
A floating containment boom is composed of a number of individually
inflated and ballasted sealed tube sections that are joined end-to-end.
The boom is designed to be interconnectible with adjacent sections of
the boom so as to confine or contain small areas.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(30}#222,625. 1976]
C-l862-76
RETRIEVAL MEANS FOR A FLOATING LIQUID SPILLING
Kirk, W.P., and D.W. Reynolds. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,963,617
Oil spills, Cleanup, Design and engineering
"A flexible sheet has weight means adapted for spreading the sheet over
a liquid spilling and caused it to collapse into a floating position,
thereby confining and concentrating a quantity of the spilling. The
sheet has central flotation means and a vent for release of entrapped
air."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(37):#224,754. 1976]
3,963,617
RETRIEVAL MEANS FOR A FLOATING LIQUID
SPILLING
WUtUm P. Kirk, 22 Gtenhiven Circle, Saeo, Maine 04072, ami
Dwighl W. Reynolds, R.F.D. 1, Box 49, Pownal, Maine
04069
Filed Jan. 22, 1975, Ser. No. 543,169
Int. O.1 E02B 15104
41
-------
C-1863-76
ON THE USE OF AIR-BUBBLE SCREENS AS OIL BARRIERS
Kobus, H.E. 1975.
Fundamental Tools to be Used in Environmental Problems. Proceedings
of the 16th Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1975. Brazil, International
Association for Hydraulic Research, 1975. Vol. 3, Subject C, Hydron.
Aspects in Environmental and Ecological Enhancement, p. 356-363.
Booms, Oil spills, Design and engineering
A pneumatic oil barrier was designed, based on a flow field induced
by an air-bubble screen, giving a surface current which can be predicted
as a function of water depth and air discharge.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(7):#049871. 1976]
C-1864-76
FLOATING OIL BARRIER
Milgram, J.H. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,943,720
Oil spills, Booms, Design and engineering
The patent relates to an oil containment boom with floats and counter-
weights designed to prevent churning of the oil and water inside the
barrier and subsequent leakage in rough sea conditions.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(23):#220,479. 1976]
3,943,720
FLOATING Oil. lARRIER
H. MBcm.. OmbrMce, MM.. ««%Mr to Otbtor*
Drvko, l»c., LyM, Mm.
PIM Ao«. M, 1974, Set. N*. $*I.T7«
fart. CL* E021 15/04
t'-S. C1.4I-I F « |
42
-------
C-1865-76
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN OIL CONTAINMENT BARRIER SEQUENTIAL
AERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM
Morrison, R.S., and J.B. Warren. 1975.
AFFTC-TR-75-1 , 1975. 102p.
Oil spills, Design and engineering, *Barrier delivery system
Several land-impact tests were made from various altitudes using
weight-test platform loads. Forces, velocities, and event times
were measured, and from these data an oil containment barrier
sequential aerial delivery system was developed for use by the U.S.
Coast Guard.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3) :#6Q3195. 1976]
C-1866-76
RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE U.S. COAST GUARD HIGH SEAS
OIL CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
Tierney, J.M. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-42-76, Contract DOT-CG-23223-A. 31 8p.
Booms, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The development of a lightweight, air-deliverable oil barrier system
capable of containing oil in sea waves of 1.5 m and winds of over
35 km/hr is reviewed. A full-scale working model was built and
tested; the results show the oil barrier to be effective at sea.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(16) :#AD-A025749/3GA. 1976]
P— 1 Rfi7— 7fi
FLOATING CONTAINING VESSELS OR DAMS FOR TRAPPING LIQUID POLLUTANTS
Vidilles, J. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,922,862
Oil slicks, Design and engineering, Booms
The vessel is designed to confine slicks of liquid pollutants. The
invention consists of a flexible skirt connected at its upper portion
to a float which provides buoyancy, and at its lower portion to a
ballast. The skirt forms an enclosure wherein the pollutants co lect,
and the ballast provides a means for towing the containing vessel.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9) :#W76-04274. 1976]
3,922362
FLOATING CONTAINING VESSELS OR DAMS FOR
TRAPPING LIQUID POLLUTANTS
Jacqws Vidfflcs, 24 boulevard MaBlot, 92000 NcuUy, FrmBce
Filed July 10, 1974, Scr. No. 487,288
Clafau priority, •ppUcalkw France, Au«. 16, 1973,
73.29908
bC CL1 E02B 15/04
U-S.Cl.6i— IF 8Cbfams
-------
2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-l868-76
INSTALLATION TO SKIM AN OIL LAYER FROM A WATER SURFACE
(Inventor unknown) 1974.
Netherlands Application 7,411,281
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Skimmers
A floating oil skimming container is provided with a means to conduct
oil into the container and is connected with a pumping apparatus to
recover the skimmed oil. One side of the container is open and has
a specially designed, hinged, buoyant flap which controls and ensures
oil intake and prevents outflow.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(30):#222,627. 1976]
C-l869-76
CHEMICAL OIL ABSORBENT (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(8):820.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Absorption
"The non-caking powder absorbs up to 200 times its weight in chemical
and oil spills. It is non-flammable, contains no phosphates and will
not irritate skin." FFI contact Manostat Corporation.
C-1870-76
HELICOPTER WILL TOW SEA SLED TO POLLUTION SITE
Anon. 1975.
Ocean Industry 10(8):130.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, *Sea sled
A planing hull sled for fast surface delivery of equipment and systems
for controlling oil pollution on the high seas has been developed by
the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory. By use of a helicopter or boat,
the sled can be used to tow an oil containment barrier, oil recovery
device, and pumping equipment.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(4):#76-03579. 1976]
C-1871-76
HYDROCARBON RECOVERY TECHNIQUES (in French)
Anon. 1976.
Industrie du Petrole Monde Gaz-Chimie 44(469):52-53.
Recovery, Cleanup, Containment, Hydrocarbons, Oil spills
The recovery, containment, and cleanup of hydrocarbons on surface waters
are discussed in detail with emphasis on methods and equipment.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(35):#224,221. 1976]
44
-------
C-1872-76
JBF DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM (product information)
Anon.
JBF Scientific Corporation, Wilmington, MA. U.S. Navy Contract
N00600-75-C-0948.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Design and engineering, *Debris handling
The design and development of a debris handling system for both
heavy and light oils with fibrous and hard debris are described.
The system has two parts: one is a grinding unit which reduces oil
mixtures to a slurry, and the other is a clamshell basket crane which
collects and removes the processed slurry from the grinder.
C-l873-76
LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Anon. 1975.
Sunnyvale, Calfornia, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, 1975. 18p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The Clean Sweep oil recovery device Model R2003 is designed to recover
oil spills from the high seas, harbors, bays, and estuaries at a maxi-
mum oil discharge rate of 1300 1/min (350 gal/min). The device is
mounted on a self-propelled vessel and a 6-cylinder HR-6 diesel engine
provides hydraulic power for the propulsion units, the oil recovery
device, the recovered oil discharge pump, and an electrical generator.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3) :#76-02654. 1976]
C-l874-76
MIPOS (MODEC INCLINED PLANE OIL SKIMMER)
Anon, (product information)
Mitsui Ocean Development and Engineering Company, Ltd.
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering,
The brochure describes a line of twelve different types of MODEC
inclined plane oil skimmer systems. The systems have a number of
advantageous features, such as no moving parts in the oil recovery
system, high recovery rates and efficiencies, effectiveness in rough
seas, and adaptability to existing ships. A wide variety of oil can
be recovered with these systems.
NEW CHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF SEA WATER POLLUTION
Indian Journal of Environmental Health 18(2):156-157.
Oil slicks, Cleanup, Weathering, Germany, West, *Photochemical dissolu-
tion
45
-------
The West German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology is
supporting a program of research into chemicals that help accelerate
photochemical dissolution of floating oil layers on water. The
chemical substance would be sprayed on the oil slicks and would be
especially useful for removing oil residues after the main quantity
has been cleaned up and recovered. Battelle Institute of Frankfurt
is conducting the basic research effort.
C-1876-76
NORTH SEA OIL RECOVERY
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7{6):101.
Recovery, Oil spills, Offshore drilling, North Sea
A new oil recovery system has been developed jointly by several
Norwegian oil companies. The system is especially useful in dealing
with a blowout on an offshore platform. It consists basically of
three components: (1) a mother ship, (2) a boom to contain and
collect the oil, and (3) a catamaran-type skimmer to remove the oil.
C-1877-76
OIL AND ESTUARY POLLUTION CONTROL: A QUICK LOOK AT SOME DEVELOPMENTS
Anon. 1975.
Water and Waste Treatment Journal 18(7):24-28.
Oil slicks, Estuaries, Oil-water separation, Cleanup, Recovery
"Oil-water separators, application of the plate separator, automatic
separation of oil from waste, oil slick control, absorbents for land
and water, and wringing machines are discussed. The 1975 Conference
on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution is reviewed. A new salvage
collection boat designed to combat floating debris, oil, fuel oil and
seaweed is described."
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01455. 1976]
C-l878-76
OIL POLLUTION CENTER FOR MEDITERRANEAN
Anon. 1975.
Chemical and Engineering News 53(42):14.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Monitoring, Mediterranean Sea, Personnel training
Malta, located nearly in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, has been
chosen as the probable site for a regional oil pollution control center.
The center would combat oil pollution and massive oil spills, monitor
hydrocarbons and oil in the Mediterranean, inventory and coordinate
cleanup equipment and supplies, and train cleanup teams and specialists.
46
-------
C-l879-76
OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(8):53.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
"Aluminum SLURP (Self-Leveling Unit for Removing Pollution) weighs
only 36 Ibs (16 kg); has recovery capacity in excess of 1800 gal
(6800 1) per hour; skimming depth adjustable simply by changing
pump flow rate." FFI contact Seaward International.
C-l880-76
OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(8):138.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The Komara, a floating, donut-shaped oil spill recovery device marketed
by Marine Construction and Design Company, uses a ring of rotating
discs to collect oil encountered at any point around its circumference.
The efficiency of the miniskimmer is not affected by debris in water
or moderate waves.
C-1881-76
OIL SPILL RECOVERY
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(5):83.
Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption, Design and engineering
A new polyurethane foam oil spill recovery system has been developed
by the U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory at Port Hueneme,
California. The system sprays over 3 million chips per hour of
polyurethane foam and can pick up 190,000 1 (50,000 gal) per hour
of oil while operating in winds as high as 45 km/hr (25 knots).
C-1882-76
ROTORK SEA TRUCK (product information)
Anon.
Rotork Marine Ltd., Westbury, Wiltshire, BA13 4JT England.
Oil spills, Cleanup, *Rotork Sea Truck
The pamphlet describes the Rotork Sea Truck MK-4 line of flat-bottomed,
square-hulled, shallow-draft vessels. The versatile boats are adaptable
for use in oil spill cleanup operations in deep water and also extremely
shallow water environments; as they have a draft (unloaded) of only
0.33 m.
47
-------
C-1883-76
SCAVENGER OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM (product information)
Anon.
Oil Recovery Systems, Inc. Mason, NH 03048.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The company produces the Scavenger Oil Recovery System, a portable,
floating skimmer with built-in oil-water separator cartridge, pump
control switch, and an explosion-proof motor pump assembly capable
of recovering up to 1135 1/hr (300 g/hr) of light oils, gasoline,
jet fuel, or diesel oil from the surface of water.
C-l884-76
SLICK SOLUTION FOR OIL SLICKS
Anon. 1976.
DuPont Magazine March-April:29.
Cleanup, Absorption, Oil slicks
Gitlin Industries, Westport, Massachusetts, has announced a new concept
in oil-soak bags for containment and absorption of oil slicks. The
bag is made of "Typar", a spunbonded polypropylene which encases a
synthetic sponge-like material that soaks up oil. Each bag can collect
up to 30 times its weight in oily liquid.
[from Energy Review 15:24. 1976]
C-l885-76
SURFACE SKIMMER (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(8):820.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Design and engineering, Skimmers
"Removes oil and other floating liquid or semi-liquid material from
the surface of water. Features include a 3 in (7.6 cm) outlet, a 27
in (69 cm) weir, and six ballasts. Capacity governed by size of the
pump, house, and material being skimmed." FFI contact Industrial and
Municipal Engineering Company.
C-1886-76
U.S. AND FRANCE SHARE OCEAN PLANS
Anon. 1976.
Science News 109(22):343.
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Recovery, International agreements,
U.S., France
Several U.S. agencies and France have recently broadened a mutual
exchange of information agreement on ocean studies. Among the varied
topics are cooperative research in the prevention and control of marine
pollution and oil spills, and exchange testing of each other's oil spill
containment and recovery systems.
48
-------
C-1887-76
AGENT FOR TREATMENT OF OIL SPILL
Abe, K., S. Tomita, D. Terashima, Y. Matsuda, and Y. Morita. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,159,878
Oil spills, Cleanup, Coagulation
Carboxymethylated petroleum protein forms a stable, dry and nontoxic
powder which can be used as an agent to control and agglomerate oil
spillage without causing secondary pollution.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):#10071f. 1975]
C-1888-76
ABSORBER FOR HYDROCARBON OIL
Akimoto, M., and H. Ishida. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,27,833
Cleanup, Oil spills, Adsorption
"Polypropylene fibers were used as adsorbents for oil spills on waters.
Polypropylene (10-70 isotacticity) was spun in an apparatus by a rotary
nozzle in the presence of N atmosphere."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2) :#10060p. 1976]
C-1889-76
USE OF CRUDE XYLITE CONTAINED IN CRUDE LIGNITE
Baake, C., H. Langnickel, and K. Neuenberg. 1975.
East German Patent 113,563
Cleanup, Oil spills, Adsorption
Partially coked xylite ash is effective as an adsorbent in removing
oil from polluted water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(4):#23506p. 1976]
THE APPLICATION OF SKIMMERS, PISTON FILMS, AND SORBENTS FOR OPEN WATER
SPILLS
Bianchi, R.A., E.E. Johanson, and J.H. Farrell. 1973.
Offshore Technology Conference, 5th Annual, Houston, 1973. OTC Paper
No. 1746. 14p.
Cleanup, Containment, Oil spills, Skimmers, *Sorbents, *Piston films
A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the use of skimmers,
piston films, and sorbents in oil spill cleanup. Piston films were
effective in preventing the oil from spreading and sorbents made the
slick highly visible to the skimmer operator. Skimmers were especially
effective on oil escaping from booms, but oil transfer systems were
inadequate.
49
-------
C-1891-76
REDESIGN, FABRICATION AND TEST OF A 1000-GPM HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY
SYSTEM
Blockwick, T.N., and R.J. Smith. 1975.
Ocean Systems Inc., CG-D-182-75. 109p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
Improvements and modifications of a 3800 1/m (1000 gal/m) high seas
oil recovery system are discussed. Changes in the system were made
in the weir/basin and included the elimination of the trailing hoses.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q4275. 1976]
C-1892-76
REMOVAL OF OIL AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM SURFACE WATER BY MECHANICAL
MEANS
Blommenstein, F.A., and G.F. Geurts. 1974.
Lausanne, Switzerland, Elsevier Seguoia, 1974. Patent Report 1. vi +
116 p.
Oil spills, Containment, Cleanup, Recovery, Oil-water separation,
Disposal
Patent Report 1, which deals with patents and patent applications
related to the containment of oil and other pollutants from surface
water, contains four sections: (1) barriers for preventing the
spread of a contaminant, (2) means to collect or separate the
contaminant from water, (3) binding or adsorbing agents, and (4)
combustion methods. The report lists 670 items, and an automatic
updating service is included for 1975, 1976 and 1977.
[from Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(3):55. 1976]
C-1893-76
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OIL SPILL DEBRIS DISPOSAL: A PROGRESS
REPORT
Farlow, J.S., and D.E. Ross. 1976.
Paper presented at Tucson, Arizona,February 2, 1976. 5p.
Oil spills, Disposal, Manuals, Guidelines
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has retained SCS Engineers,
Inc. to prepare a detailed, practical how-to-do-it manual for oil
spill debris disposal and to make an accompanying film for state and
local officials. A literature search has been conducted and sites
for confirming field studies chosen. Present recommendations for
disposal of recyclable material include soil cultivation, incorpora-
tion into an approved sanitary landfill, and individual burial. A
description of the rationale for selecting certain disposal methods
and findings to date are presented.
50
-------
C-1894-76
METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF OIL FROM LAND OR WATER SPILLS
Condo, A.C. 1976.
Canadian Patent 991,158
Cleanup, Oil spills, Absorption, *Polystyrene beads
Activated expanded polystyrene beads remove oil from land or water
surfaces. When coupled with fillers such as clay or straw, better
adsorption is obtained throughout the beads.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(34):#223,962. 1976]
C-1895-76
THE BEHAVIOUR OF A VORTEX ASSISTED OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Copp, D.A. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 90-91.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The vortex recovery system involves the use of a mechanically created
vortex to concentrate the oil on the surface, thus facilitating recovery.
This recovery system was studied and the information was used to design
a pilot scale system.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,982. 1976]
C-1896-76
UK OIL CLEARANCE TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT
Cormack, D., and J.A. Nichols. 1976.
Petroleum Times 80(2026):23,25,27-28.
Oil spills, Weathering, Cleanup, Booms, Skimmers, Absorption
"Various possible methods of dealing with oil at sea, in inshore waters
and beaches were considered and evaluated, having regard to the full
range of oil properties and the changes therein brought about by
weathering processes in the spilled oil. The following methods are
discussed: mechanical, natural processes, burning, sinking, absorbing,
booms and skimming."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32) :#223,464. 1976]
C-1897-76
SYSTEM TO DETERMINE AND CATCH OIL OR SIMILAR POLLUTANTS IN SURFACE AND
UNDERGROUND WATER
Durham Associates. 1975.
Netherlands Application 7,509,885
Detection, Recovery, Contaminants, Groundwater, Design and engineering
51
-------
A system which determines and selectively transmits oil or other floating
liquid pollutants is described. The system consists basically of a
chamber into which the pollutants are introduced and collect at the top
of the water surface. Specially designed floats in the chamber indicate
the presence of the pollutant and activate the selective transmitter
element which sequesters and traps the oil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32):#222,639. 1976]
C-1898-76
A PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES BENEATH OIL BOOMS
Fallah, M.H., and R.M. Stark. 1975.
Civil Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Technical report.
12 p.
Models, Booms, *0il losses
Summary not available.
C-1899-76
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIVE OIL SKIMMING AND REMOVAL APPARATUS
Fast, S.6., 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,947,360
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering
A boat with apparatus for collecting and storing oil spilled on a water
surface is described. The apparatus consists basically of a conveyor
belt which brings skimmed oil to an onboard holding tank.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(24):#220,652. 1976]
3,947^60
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIVE OIL SKIMMING AND
REMOVAL APPARATUS
Svea Gmar Fa*, Saadviken, Swede*. asrifaor to Saadco
Lhafcrit. Ottawa, Canada
CwMkMattM of Ser. No. 391,554, A«f. 27.1973, i
Thb aaafc«H»« Oct. 21, 1974, Ser. No. Slo.763
tat. Ct* E02B 15/04
VS. Ct 21»—242 S 3 <
52
-------
C-1900-76
OIL SKIMMER
Fast, S.G. 1976.
British Patent 1,435,343
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
An oil skimming vessel has a vertically mounted conveyor belt system
designed to pick up and discharge oil in a centrally located storage
tank while the vessel moves through the oil spill.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27):#221,565. 1976]
C-1901-76
WATERCRAFT FOR SCAVENGING OIL SPILLAGE
Fletcher, 6.M. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,929,644
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The self-propelled watercraft has a catamaran-type hull with receiving
tanks extending downward below the surface of water in each of the hull
sections. The craft is open at the bow to permit a surface layer of
water to wash rearward along the deck toward the inlet openings of each
tank as the craft moves through the water. Spilled oil is lighter than
water and therefore floats while the water settles to the bottom of the
tank and is removed via the exit opening.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(12) :#W76-05548. 1976]
3,929,644
WATERCRAFT FOR SCAVENGING OIL SPILLAGE
George M. Fletcher, 456 Lee St., Oakland, Calif. 94610
Filed Dec. 28, 1970. Ser. No. 101,964
Int. Cl.« E02B 75/04
VS. CL 210—242 5 Ctalmi
C-1902-76
COMPUTER SIMULATION AIDS OIL-SPILL CLEANUP DECISIONS
Fraser, J.P., and R.A. Cochran. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(10):67-72.
Recovery, Cleanup, Oil spills, *Computer simulation
53
-------
Computer simulation as a method for selecting and designing oil spill
control equipment is discussed. Performance characteristics of oil
spill control equipment and the effects of weather on the recovery
of spilled oil are assessed by the computer; the data can be used to
choose the best cleanup equipment.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(5):#035572. 1976]
C-l903-76
DEALING WITH OIL SPILLAGE CONTAMINATION
Gass, T.E. 1975.
Water Well Journal 29(10):32-33.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Contamination, *Well water
Several methods are described to purify well water or aquifers contami-
nated by oil. The methods include pumping the well to waste, charcoal
filtration, installation of Imbiber Beads, removal of contaminated soil,
and installation of a new well.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(8):#W76-03513. 1976]
C-l904-76
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN ICE COVERED WATERS
Getman, J.H., L.A. Schultz, and P.C. Deslauriers. 1975.
International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic
Conditions, 3rd, University of Alaska, 1975.
Oil spills, Recovery, Arctic, Fuel oil, Crude oil, Operations tests
The U.S. Coast Guard conducted tests on two oil spill recovery devices
operating in a simulated arctic environment to determine the oil recovery
capability of the two devices in broken freshwater ice and broken salt-
water ice using No. 2 diesel oil and crude oil. These tests demon-
strated that with minor hardware modifications and proper operating
procedures, both devices will successfully recover crude oil and No.
2 diesel oil spilled in a broken ice field of moderate ice piece size.
C-1905-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING A SHORELINE AGAINST CONTAMINATION
FROM AN OIL SPILL
Goldman, M. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,962,083
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Shorelines, Absorption, Design and
engineering
54
-------
A portable web laying vehicle equipped with a number of oil absorbing
webs can lay the material along the shoreline for protection against
oil spills. The web, a polyolefin fiber mesh, absorbs the oil and
can be picked up and wrung dry.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(35):#224,217. 1976]
3,962,083
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING A
SHORELINE AGAINST CONTAMINATION FROM AN OIL
SPILL
MM Goldman, Latham, N.Y., assignor to RRC International,
I»c, Latham, N.Y.
CoMmmrtioB of Ser. No. 417,478, Nov. 19,1973, abandoned.
This application Feb. 27, 1975, Ser. No. 553,592
Int. Cl.» B01D 41/02; C02B 9/02, E02B 15104
VS. CL 210—79 24 Claims
C-1906-76
FAST CURRENT OIL RESPONSE SYSTEMS TESTS ON PHASE I CONCEPTS
Graebel, W.P. and V.A. Phelps. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-20-76, Contract DOT-CG-32430-A. 319p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering, *Systems tests
Several concepts for fast current oil response systems (skimmers) were
tested at The University of Michigan Fast Current Recirculating Channel.
Fifty-one tests were scheduled for each device to enable competitive
evaluation; the devices were listed in order of best performance. None
of the concepts approached the stated goals of the Coast Guard but were
an improvement over barriers by a factor of three.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#AD-A022 928/6GA. 1976]
C-l907-76
PARTICIPATION OF ENVIRONMENT CANADA IN THE PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT AND
CLEAN-UP OF OIL AND CHEMICAL SPILLS ON THE PACIFIC COAST
Hatfield, C.T. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 18-20.
Government agencies, Canada, Pollution prevention, Cleanup, Oil spills,
EIS
55
-------
The Environmental Protection Service of Environment Canada is
responsible for coordinating activities in hazardous material spill
prevention, containment and cleanup, and the initiation of environ-
mental impact studies resulting from incidents. A summary of inter-
government jurisdictional responsibilities for spill cleanup on the
Pacific Coast is given, and statistics on spill events and spill
sources are included.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,967. 1976]
C-1908-76
OIL HERDER, A NEW AID FOR REMOVING OIL FROM WATER SURFACES [in German]
Hellmann, H. 1975.
Ten side Detergents 12(6):330-334.
Oil slicks, Spreading, Recovery, Cleanup, Toxicity, *0il Herder
The activity of oil adsorbents and collectors is usually inhibited
because of the tendency of floating oils to spread on water surfaces.
Oil Herder reverses this process and concentrates oil films and oil
slicks. Toxic effects of Oil Herder on aquatic life are discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):#10011y. 1976]
C-l909-76
PROCESS FOR REMOVING OIL FLOATING ON WATER
Hoffmann, F. 1976.
German Patent 1,634,014
Cleanup, Oil spills, Sinking agents
Solid particles having a hydrophobic surface and a specific gravity
greater than 1.5 g/cu cm bind oil on a water surface and cause it to
sink to the bottom. The particles are made hydrophobic by generating
carboxylic acid amides at their surface.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,984. 1976]
C-1910-76
DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION OF A REMOTELY-CONTROLLED HIGH-SEAS OIL RECOVERY
SYSTEM DIP 4001
JBF Scientific Corporation. 1974.
Final report, API Publication No. 4253. 88p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The report describes the development program of a mechanical spilled-
oil recovery system based on the JBF Dynamic Inclined Plane (DIP)
device. The system requirements and system design, such as propulsion,
oil transfer subsystem, and hydraulic subsystem, are discussed and the
test program is covered.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(1):#76-1516. 1976]
56
-------
C-1911-76
SOME ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION, STABILIZATION, AND BEHAVIOUR OF WATER-
IN-PETROLEUM EMULSIONS
Johnson, B.D. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 98-103.
Oil spills, Emulsions, Cleanup, Crude oil, Fuel oil
Asphalt- based crudes and fuel oils spilled into water rapidly form
water-in-oil emulsions not amenable to certain cleanup techniques
used for unemulsified oils. The increase of viscosity is the greatest
change in properties resulting from emulsification. The objective
of this study was to determine the effect and interrelation of water
content, drop-size distribution, temperature, and asphaltene concen-
tration on the viscosity of unweathered emulsions.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,985. 1976]
C-1912-76
FEASIBILITY OF OIL SLICK REMOVAL FROM SEAWATER USING POWER LASERS
Laisk, E. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(8):814-815.
Cleanup, Crude oil, Oil slicks, Economics, Decomposition, Evaporation,
*LASER
Laboratory tests were conducted using a high-power-cw C02 laser to
investigate the conditions for the evaporation and decomposition of
crude oil from a water surface. Decomposition requires about 25
times higher beam intensities than evaporation. Cost analyses
indicate that a shipboard 500 KW laser could become competitive with
other belt and filter separators if the overall efficiency of the
laser exceeds 25% and if a pulsed operation is used.
C-1913-76
RENDERING OIL SPILLAGES EASILY DISPOSABLE
Merck Sharp Dohme Pty. Ltd. 1976.
Australian Patent 470,232
Oil spills, Cleanup, Disposal
A method for rendering oil spills readily disposable consists of
distributing a hydrophobic, powdered material on the water surface.
The material is composed of a mixture of one or more inorganic
compounds and one or more specified silicone compounds.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(30) :#222,638. 1976]
57
-------
C-1914-76
ADSORBENTS FOR OIL SPILL
Nagahata, T. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 23,493
Oil spills, Cleanup, Adsorption
"Polyvinyl alcohol and Na carboxymethyl cellulose films were used as
adsorbents for oil spills. For example, 5g polyvinyl alcohol (surface
area lOOcm^) and Na carboxymethyl cellulose (surface area 200cm2) had
crude oil adsorptions of 11.3 and 18.7g, respectively."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#169350j. 1976]
C-1915-76
OIL HERDER STUDIES
Nagy, E. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 118-120.
Cleanup, Containment, Oil spills, *0il herders
Results of a laboratory technique to determine the effectiveness of
oil-herding agents on various oils are presented. The oil-film thick-
ness maintained by the herders agreed well with theoretical predictions
for fresh oil samples, but the herders were ineffective on aged crude
oil films. A surface balance has been designed to study the persistence
of herders and the oil-herding action by compressed and expanded herder
films.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,983. 1976]
C-1916-76
FLOATAGE CONCENTRATING EQUIPMENT FOR NAUTICAL FLOATAGE RECOVERY APPARATUS
Neal, R.W. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,926,812
Oil spills, Containment, Recovery, Design and engineering
A nautical vessel is described which is outfitted with an apparatus
for concentrating, containing, and recovering floating substances such
as oil in heavy seas. The apparatus consists of sweeps deployed forward
and mounted so that they can move freely about both vertical and hori-
zontal axes and yet maintain constant contact with the water surface.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05036. 1976]
3.92M12
FLOATAGE CONCENTRATING EQUIPMENT FOR
NAUTICAL FLOATAGE RECOVERY APPARATUS
Rotart W. NraL WMcrtnrm. MML, inlgair to JRF SdntfHe
FM Sept. 3. 1974, Scr. N*. 502.993
bK. CL* E02B 15/04
US. O. 2M-242 9 CWBM
58
-------
C-1917-76
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OIL COLLECTING MATERIAL
Nittan Co. Ltd. 1976.
British Patent 1,431,687.
Absorption, Oil spills, Waste oil
A method of manufacturing an oil collecting material from waste motor
vehicle tires is described. The tires are pulverized, fibres are
removed, and the rubber particles are recombined and formed into oil
absorbent mats or sheets.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#220,844. 1976]
C-1918-76
REMOVAL OF IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS FROM WATER SURFACES AND LAKE BEDS
Peterson, E.C. 1976.
Canadian Patent 986,911
Oil slicks, Cleanup, Recovery, Adsorption
A method for removing fluids such as oil from the water surface consists
of adsorbing the liquid with an adsorbent compound made from 30-70% by
weight lead slag mineral wool and rock flour coated with a hydrophobic,
lipophilic film.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(23):#220,482. 1976]
C-1919-76
PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF OIL AND LIKE SUBSTANCES FROM THE SURFACES
OF AQUEOUS OR SOLID SUBSTRATES
Proctor, G.A.H. 1976.
British Patent 1,427,809
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil slicks, Adsorption
Bituminizeci wood fibers are found to be effective in adsorbing oil
films from water surfaces or solid substrates.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#220,842. 1976]
C-l920-76
2000 GPM OIL RECOVERY UNIT CONTROL SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Reston Consulting Group, Reston, VA. 1975.
Redesign, Fabrication and Test of a 1000 GPM High Seas Oil Recovery
System, Appendix C. No. CG-D-182-75. 19p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering, *System analysis
Analysis of the control subsystem of the 2000 gal/min (7600 liters/min)
oil recovery unit was made to determine if the overall design was
compatible with the system operational requirements. Performance tests
were also conducted on this system.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q4268. 1976]
59
-------
C-1921-76
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING TWO LIQUIDS NOT MUTUALLY SOLUBLE AND HAVING
DIFFERENT DENSITIES
Rotvand, G. 1975.
French Demande 2,263,018
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Oil-water separation, Design and
engineering
An apparatus is described for separating immiscible liqui'ds of different
densities such as oil floating on water. The separating device consists
of a floating receiver vessel which sinks in the lighter liquid but
floats at the surface of the heavier liquid. Holes in the receiver
just above the liquid-liquid interface permit the collection and
separation of the floating liquid.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(4):#23102d. 1976]
C-1922-76
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
Ruel, M., and S. Ross. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 136-139.
Government agencies, Canada, Cleanup, Oil spills, Guidelines
The Research and Development Division of the Environmental Emergencies
Branch, Environment Canada, is responsible for the development and
evaluation of effective and ecologically safe systems for combating
hazardous materials spills and the development of research and techno-
logical information related to environmental emergencies. The Division
also prepares guidelines and regulations pertaining to the chemicals
used as countermeasures to deal with spills.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,978. 1976]
C-1923-76
SALVAGING OF FLUIDS AND SIMILAR FROM SUNKEN SHIPS
Salvage Oil Systems. 1974.
Netherlands Application 7,409,079
Recovery, Crude oil, *Sunken ships, Design and engineering
An installation for salvaging crude oil and other fluids from sunken
ships consists of a capsule that can be lowered to and tightly attached
to the sunken ship by remote control. Drilling and pumping apparatus
contained in the capsule then tap and remove the salvageable fluids
from the ship to a container at the surface.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(23):#220,481. 1976]
60
-------
C-1924-76
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO MARINE VESSELS FOR RECOVERING FLOATING
POLLUTION
Sandford, W.H. 1976.
British Patent 1,440,978
Oil spills, Recovery, Oil-water separation, Ships, Design and engineering
Details of a marine vessel for recovering oil and other floating pollu-
tants are presented. The vessel is designed to provide a large settling
hold into which the pollutant is pumped and allowed to separate before
being pumped into a vacuum storage tank. More complete separation and
recovery is achieved in the storage tank.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33) :#223,744. 1976]
C-1925-76
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN BROKEN ICE FIELDS, PHASE II
Schultz, L.A. 1976.
Final Report No. 273-C, USCG-D-55-76; Contract DOT-CG-51487-A. 179p.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and
engineering
Summarized are results of tests which measured the effectiveness of
five oil spill recovery devices in removing crude oil and No. 2 fuel
oil in broken ice cover. The recovery devices were manufactured by
Lockheed, Marco, Ocean Systems, JBF Scientific, and Oil Mop. The
natural spill thickness of crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil in open water
and in broken ice cover was investigated.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(16):#AD-A025748/5GA. 1976]
C-1926-76
REDUCING THE ADHERENCE OF OIL TO SILICEOUS MATERIAL
Scott, P.R. 1976.
U.S Patent 3,941,694
Cleanup, Beaches, Surfactants, Restoration
Treatment of siliceous material such as beach sand with a surfactant
(made by blending a primary long chain alcohol with an aliphatic solvent)
prevents oil from adhering to the material. If the surfactant is applied
before oil contact, the sand will resist oil impregnation; if applied
after contact, the surfactant displaces the oil and thereby cleans the
sand.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):#10078a, 1976]
61
-------
C-1927-76
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - OIL/WATER INTERFACE
DETECTION AS APPLIED BY OCEAN SYSTEMS, INC.
Silvernietz, D. 1975.
Redesign, Fabrication and Test of a 1000 GPM High Seas Oil Recovery
System, Appendix C. No. CG-D-182-75. 6p.
Detection, Design and engineering, Recovery, *0il-water interface
detector
A general description of an oil/water interface detector manufactured
by National Sonics (NS) Corporation is given. Characteristics of NS
sensors for interface detection, temperature effects, and suggestions
are included.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q4269. 1976]
C-1928-76
OIL FENCE HAVING DIRECTIONAL CONTROL DEVICE
Tezuka, T., H. Kawakami, and K. Miura. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,939,663
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The oil fence, adapted to be positioned at an angle to its towing
direction, collects or recovers pollutants from the water surface.
It comprises a vertical plate, a float fixed to one side of the plate,
a flexible connecting means attached to the vertical plate connecting
vertical plates in a watertight manner, and directional control means
attached to the vertical plate at an angle.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14):#W76-07441. 1976]
3,939,663
OIL FENCE HAVING DIRECTIONAL CONTROL DEVICE
ToddyaU Terafca; HlraU Kiwckual, both of Kamakora, ud
KatMtMM Mtara, Yokohama, d of Japan, ustcBon to
BrMfertMe Tkc Ctmpumj, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Fled Sept. 27, 1974, Scr. No. 5093*8
CMou priority, appJcatlun Japa*. Sept. 28, 1973, 48-
1123M(U]
brt. CL* E02B 75/04
U.S.CL«1-1F 4 <
62
-------
C-1929-76
OIL ADSORBENT
Tomikawa, M., A. Tsunoda, K. Kaneda, H. Ohkawa, and Y. Mugino. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,960,722
Cleanup, Adsorption, Oil spills, Design and engineering
An oil adsorbent of plastic material which eliminates oils present on
or in water is described. The adsorbent contains polyethylene and 30
to 80% by weight of an inorganic calcium compound.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(37):#224,751. 1976]
3,960,722
OIL ADSORBENT
Masami Tomikawa; Akiji Tsunoda; Kaznhisa Kaneda; Hideo
Ohkawa, and YuUka Mugino, all of Chiba, Japan, assignors
to IdemHsu, Kosan Kabushiki Kaisha (IdemHsu Kosao Co.,
Ltd.), Japan
Continuation of Ser. No. 363,389, May 24, 1973, abandoned.
TMs appHcatioa Jan. 27, 1975, Ser. No. 544,301
Int. O.' C02B 9/02
VS. Cl. 210—36 6 Claims
C-1930-76
EVALUATION OF HERCULITE OIL RESISTANT FABRIC FOR COAST GUARD USE
U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center. 1975.
Redesign, Fabrication and Test of a 1000 GPM High Seas Oil Recovery
System, Appendix C. No. CG-D-182-75. 9p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering, *0il resistant fabric
Samples of Herculite oil resistant coated fabric for use by the Coast
Guard in a Weir Basin Oil Recovery System are evaluated. Test methods
and results are given for each sample.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q4270. 1976]
C-1931-76
NEW TWIST FOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP
Wambold, J.C., and C. Reed. 1976.
Mechanical Engineering 98(2):28-31.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering
63
-------
The vee-boomed oil skimmer has been improved by adding a large driven
paddle wheel which draws the slick into the area enclosed by the vee-
boom. Once enclosed, the oil is directed to the sump, a submerged
tray with a raised, rounded lip, where the oil and water are separated.
The oil is then pumped to a barge for storage.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(7):#049864. 1976]
C-1932-76
APPARATUS FOR THE COLLECTION OF BUOYANT FOREIGN MATTER
Waren, F.A.O. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,928,206
Recovery, Containment, Oil spills, Design and engineering
A collecting tank consists of side walls, a rear wall, and an open
bottom which is supported so as to allow it to float on water with
its upper edge above the water level. Water flows into the tank by
means of a vaned impeller which extends between the side walls and
is arranged for rotation about an axis positioned above water level.
Oil entering the collection tank is retained by means of a non-return
valve arranged downstream of the impeller.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(12):#W76-05534. 1976]
C-1933-76
INSTALLATION FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM WATERWAYS
Wickert, F.M. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,957,646
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
An oil skimmer is equipped with a main operating vessel, a receiving
tank, and a primary separation tank. The skimmer contains a large
scoop which skims the water surface, collects the oil, and deposits
it in the receiving tank.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(36):#224,530. 1976]
3,957,64*
INSTALLATION FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM
WATERWAYS
Fwiot M. Wkktrt, 1224 Arfyte DH»«, N-rtfc MtlHin. OM«
44*57
FIM StfU. *, 1*74, Str. N*. 503,729
IX. CL* E«2B 15104
U.S.C1.219-242S
64
-------
C-1934-76
POROUS MATERIALS FOR ABSORBING OILS FROM SPILLS
Yamamoto, M., K. Moriguchi, and H. Ohmori. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 10,189
Cleanup, Oil spills, Absorption
An absorbent, porous material especially useful for removing oil spills
is made by impregnating a porous material such as polyurethane foam
with an inorganic powder and an oleophilic liquid polymer.
{from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):#10079b. 1976]
C-1935-76
PROGRAM FOR PREVENTING AND ELIMINATING OIL POLLUTION OF THE BUFFALO
RIVER
Ziegler, R.C. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/029. 136p.
Containment, Monitoring, Sampling, New York, *0il pollutants, *Buffalo
River
A summary of the work performed under a program for 'Prevention and
Elimination of Oil Pollution of the Buffalo River1 is reported. Various
oil containment booms were designed and tested and an extensive sampling
program was used to determine the distribution of oil pollutants. Oil
in bulk water in sewers was monitored and oil trapping characteristics
of inverted siphons were investigated.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-249518/2GA. 1976]
65
-------
3. RESTORATION
C-l936-76
SOILS CONTAMINATED BY OIL—REQUIREMENTS FOR RESTORATION AND RETURN
TO PREVIOUS LAND USE OPTIONS
Yong, R. N., and B. P. Warkentin. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973.
D. Mackay and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute
of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 133-135.
Soil, Contamination, Oil Spills, Cleanup
The article discusses the need for restoration procedures for oil
spill occurrences which produce no adverse residual oil and
cleanup effects on the soil. Research must be conducted to
determine how oil is held in soil and to find the most desirable
methods for in-place removal and treatment.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221, 981. 1976]
66
-------
4. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
C-1937-76
AMLWCH SINGLE BUOY MOORING
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):62.
Oil transfer, Tankers, Oil spills, Leakage, Single buoy mooring
The siting of the world's largest single buoy mooring (SBM) at
Amlwch on the Island of Anglesey has been widely protested
because of possible oil spill dangers. Critics claim that SBM's
are particularly prone to accidental discharges of oil. The
SBM is sited 4 km off the coast and is expected to handle tankers
with up to 500,000 ton capacities.
C-l938-76
CARGO/BALLAST SEPARATION BY DUAL MEMBRANE SYSTEM
Anon. 1976.
US Patent 3,943,873
Oil-water separation, Ballast, Ships, Oil tanks, Design and
engineering
"A ship ballasting system separating the oil cargo and the water
ballast sections comprising, a closed oil tank having an overhead
structure, bulkheads and a bottom and a liquid cargo connection
communicating with the oil cargo sections of the tank."
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(4):48. 1976]
3,943,873
CARGO/BALLAST SEPARATION BY DUAL MEMBRANE
SYSTEM
Frederic S. tiering, Chesapeake, V«., and Joseph I. Schwartz,
EBkott City, Md., assignors to The United States of America
as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, Washington,
D.C.
Filed Mar. IS, 1974, Ser. No. 452,082
Int. Cl.« B63B 25112
VS. Cl 114-125 3 Claims
67
-------
C-1939-76
LYME BAY OIL POLLUTION
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4) :62.
Oil transfer, Tankers, England, Oil spills, Pollution prevention,
Cleanup
Lyme Bay, off the Devon/Dorset coast, has been used in recent years
as a point for transferring oil from supertankers to smaller vessels
and frequent oil spillage has resulted from the operations. Shell
International Marine has provided a converted fishing boat, a crew,
and equipment to prevent and clean up oil spills in the bay and beach
areas.
C-1940-76
SCOTTISH PLANT WOULD USE UNDERGROUND STORAGE
Anon. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(36):45.
Storage, Crude oil, Refineries, Environmental effects, Scotland,
*Underground storage
Cromarty Petroleum Company is seeking permission to build a 32 million
1/d (200,000 b/d) refinery on the Cromarty Firth. The company is
investigating the use of underground caverns for storage of the oil
as a means of minimizing environmental impacts. The caverns are
estimated to have a storage capacity of 3.2 billion liters (20 million
barrels).
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#107. 1976]
C-1941-76
STORAGE OF HYDROCARBONS IN CAVERNS [English summary]
Beissner, K., W. Dreyer, G. Fdrer, R. Koch, and H. Schleicher. 1976.
Erdohl und Kohle 29(5):193-198.
Storage, Hydrocarbons, Pollution prevention, Regulations, Underground
caverns
For reasons of environmental protection, public safety, and regional
planning, the establishment of governmental regulations for underground
storage of hydrocarbons in caverns is urged. Environmental legislation
is needed to prevent contamination of groundwater by oil, to protect
rivers and sea from the disposal of salt brines, and to protect against
shifting of the ground above such storage facilities.
68
-------
C-1942-76
PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, GAS PLANTS AND THE ALBERTA ENVIRONMENT
Cook, F.D., W.B. McGill, M. Nyborg, and J.A. Toogood. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 47-50.
Oil spills, Pipelines, Environmental effects, Soil, Restoration, Canada
Extensive research was conducted by the Soil Science Department to
measure the environmental effects of sulfur emissions from gas processing
plants, oil spills resulting from pipeline breaks, and pipeline installa-
tions across cultivated fields in Alberta. Field studies to study
reclamation procedures on oil contaminated soils were begun in the
Edmonton areas.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,955. 1976]
C-1943-76
OIL TANKER POLLUTION CONTROL: DESIGN CRITERIA VS EFFECTIVE LIABILITY
ASSESSMENT
Cummins, P.A. 1975.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 7(1): 1 69-206.
Pollution prevention, Tankers, Economics, Design and engineering,
Segregated ballast, Load-on-top
The annual costs of adopting single-skin and double-skin segregated
ballast design criteria were calculated for the U.S. and the world in
1980. Universal acceptance of single-skin segregated ballast criteria
would add an estimated $54-125 million to the world freight bill, and
double skin would add $153-358 million in 1980. The benefits of the
Load-on-Top method and segregated ballast method are compared.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3):#76-02973. 1976]
C-l944-76
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION FROM SUBSURFACE EXCAVATIONS. PART 11. TANK AND
PIPELINE LEAKAGE
Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
Water Well Journal 24(2):37-41.
Pipelines,Oil Tanks, Leakage, Groundwater, Pollution prevention
Pollution control methods used in the occurrence of tank and pipeline
leaks are reviewed with emphasis on transfer and storage of petroleum
products. The single greatest case of leakage is corrosion, followed
by personnel, material or equipment failure or malfunction. Additional
causes are accidental rupture by earth moving equipment, vandalism,
earthquakes, severe weather, fires, and lightning.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(21):#219,850. 1976]
69
-------
C-1945-76
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS OF PETROCHEMICALS. A SHIPBUILDER'S COMMENTS ON
SOME RECENT SAFETY REGULATIONS
Haddeland, T, 1975.
Shipping World and Shipbuilder 168(3907):629-631.
Oil transport, Petrochemicals, Regulations
General IMCO recommendations for the marine shipment of bulk chemicals
are outlined; three degrees of physical protection are specified.
Types of tank coatings to prevent corrosion and the contractual
risks posed by changes or additions to shipping regulations are also
presented.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(5):#1276. 1976]
C-l946-76
ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE OIL DEVELOPMENT
Hanson, W.C., and L.E. Eberhardt. 1976.
Biomedical and Environmental Research Program of the LASL Health
Division, Progress report LA-6464-PR. ERDA Contract W-7405-ENG. 36.
p. 32-33.
Pipelines, Alaska, Environmental effects, Exploration, Oil transport,
*Indicator organisms, *Arctic fox
The study objective is to evaluate the ecological consequences of the
construction and operation of the Trans-Alaska pipeline by means of
selecting indicator organisms from tundra environments in the vicinity
of lands disturbed by exploration, extraction, and transport of North
Slope petroleum. Arctic and red fox populations were selected for
study. During the past year, 26 arctic fox dens were located in the
Prudhoe Bay area, of which 11 were actively used by 9 fox families.
An additional 30 arctic and red fox dens were found along a 40 mile
segment of the pipeline route. Live-trapping operations resulted in
the tagging of 42 foxes. In addition, prey populations of lemmings
and shoreline birds are being mapped and counted to determine inter-
actions of the foxes and their alternative food resources. Biological
studies on foxes resulted in a large amount of data on arctic and red fox
ranges, denning habits, behavior, food habits , etc. that are now being
summarized.
C-1947-76
SOPHISTICATED ANTI-POLLUTION SYSTEM FOR DUBAI DRY DOCK BEING BUILT BY
UK FIRM
Jones, B. 1976.
Petroleum Times 80(2026):21-22,31.
Pollution prevention, Tankers, Ships, Oil-water separation, Bilges,
Ballast, *Dubai dry dock
70
-------
One of the largest dry dock and ship repair complexes in the world is
under construction at Dubai. The complex will include a sophisticated
array of oil pollution prevention systems including a tank cleaning
facility and an oily-water separator system for processing all bilge
and ballast waters before discharge to the sea.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32):#223,469. 1976]
C-1948-76
DEEP SEA TANK AND SEAPORT SYSTEM
Memoli, S.J. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,958,521
Oil transfer, Tankers, Containment, Oil spills
A deep sea tank and seaport system is described for docking and oil
transfer by tankers. The system can also be employed around oil
drilling rigs and other marine environments to contain oil spills.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33):#223,742. 1976]
3,958,521
DEEP SEA TANK AND SEAPORT SYSTEM
Steven J. Memoli, Box 720 N. Vosseller Ave., Mvtiiuville, N J.
08836
Filed May 30, 1975, Ser. No. 582,091
Int. Cl.1 B63B 25/08, 35/32
VS. Cl. 114-.5 T 9 Claim.
71
-------
C-1949-76
ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE POLLUTION RISK AND ECONOMICS OF SHIP VERSUS
PIPELINE TRANSPORT OF OCS OIL TO ONSHORE TERMINALS
Owen, J.J.,III, L.J. Donovan, and D.W. Weiss. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Preprint No. OTC-
2715. Vol. 3. p. 1091-1104.
Statistical analysis, Oil transport, Pipelines, Tankers, OCS, *0nshore
terminal
A risk and cost comparison methodology is developed which combines
available cost and spill risk data into a format that is useful in
rational decision making regarding ship vs. pipeline transport of
OCS oil to onshore terminals.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#221,061. 1976]
C-1950-76
OIL TANKER INDUSTRY FOUNDERING NEAR ROCKS
Sayre, R. 1976.
Audubon 78(4):141-142.
Tankers, Oil discharges, Pollution prevention, Segregated ballast
The article reviews a number of recent oil tanker and supertanker
accidents and comments on the economically troubled state of the world's
tanker industry. A recently proposed plan which would drastically cut
oil pollution of the sea by tankers and at the same time reduce the
present enormous tanker surpluses is outlined. The plan calls for
retrofitting existing vessels with segregated ballast tanks which
would eliminate the annual dumping of up to three million tons of oil
into the world's waters.
C-1951-76
SPORT FISHING IN WESTERN DELAWARE BAY: ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL AREAS
Smith, R.W. 1975.
University of Delaware, Final report no. CMS-RANN-2-75. 22p.
Oil transport, Ships, Refineries, Delaware Bay, *Sport fishing
Because marine sport fishing greatly contributes to the economy and
recreation of the Delaware Bay region, a study of fish distributions
and densities was conducted to find suitable locations for ship anchor-
age which would not impair sport fishing. This study was conducted as
a part of Research on the Effects of Crude Oil Transfer and Upstream
Refineries on Delaware Bay, sponsored by the National Science Founda-
tion.
72
-------
C-1952-76
UNDERGROUND FUEL STORAGE
Weeks, J.P., and R. Smith. 1975.
Petroleum Review 29(347]1:767-773.
Storage, Crude oil, Economics, Underground storage, *Surface tanks
The advantages as well as limitations of underground storage facilities
for crude oil from offshore production sources are discussed including
both natural and manmade facilities. Pollution problems, adequate site
investigation, and multi-product storage are considered. A cost compar-
ison between surface tank farms and excavated underground storage
indicates advantages, primarily in operating costs, of the latter.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(2):#403. 1976]
C-1953-76
MARINE POLLUTANT TRANSFER
Windom, H.L., and R.A. Duce (eds.). 1976.
Lexington, Mass., D.C. Heath and Company, 1976.
Oil transfer, Fate, Hydrocarbons, Weathering, Physical effects
The book contains 14 chapters all concerned with the transfer of
various pollutants (including petroleum hydrocarbons) across the
primary interfaces between the ocean and other environments. Petro-
leum-related chapters are: Chapter 7, The Flux of Light Hydrocarbons
into the Gulf of Mexico via Runoff; Chapter 8, Transfer of Petroleum
Residues from Sea to Air: Evaporative Weathering; Chapter 9, Transfer
of Particulate Hydrocarbon Material from the Ocean Surface to the
Water Column; Chapter 10, Transfer of Petroleum and Biogenic Hydro-
carbons in the Sargassum Community; and Chapter 12, High Molecular
Weight Hydrocarbons in the Air and Sea: Rates and Mechanisms of Air/
Sea Transfer.
C-1954-76
SEA-SURFACE DRIFT CURRENTS
Wu, J. 1975.
Offshore Technology Conference, 7th, 1975. Paper No. OTC 2294. 8p.
Oil spills, Drift, Dispersions, *Sea-surface drift currents
In studies of wind and wave-induced surface drift currents at various
fetches, the ratio between the wind-induced drift and the wind velocity
was found to decrease with the increasing fetch, while the ratio between
the wave-induced drift and the wind velocity was found to increase with
the fetch. The total surface drift is almost independent of the wind
fetch and is about 3.5% of the wind velocity at long fetches. This
work is a part of the project, Research on the Effects of Crude Oil
Transfer and Upstream Refineries on Delaware Bay, sponsored by the
National Science Foundation.
73
-------
5. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C-1955-76
AIR OXIDATION OF SOUR WATER
Inventor unknown. 1975.
French patent 59,711u/40
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Oxidation, pH control
An air oxidation process useful for treating sour petroleum refinery
wastewaters containing sulfides and other anions is described. The
process basically includes pH adjustment to 6-13 followed by heating
and oxidation.
[from Selected Water Resources 9(11):#W76-05127. 1976]
C-1956-76
EFFLUENTS CONCENTRATION
Inventor unknown. 1974.
Soviet patent 402,517
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil, Evaporation
A method for the concentration of effluents from petroleum treatment
plants has been patented. The process involves multi-stage evporation
using an inert, solid heat transfer agent such as metal shot of granite
chips.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9):#W76-04061. 1976]
C-1957-76
GRANULAR MEDIA FILTRATION OF PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENT WATERS
Author unknown. 1975.
Washingtion, D.C., American Petroleum Institute, 1975. 33p.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Filtration
Summary not available.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):82. 1976]
C-1958-76
PETROLEUM AND OIL WASTE DEGRADATION
Inventor unknown. 1976.
Belgium patent 832,298
Wastewater treatment, Biodegradation, Filtration
74
-------
In the method proposed, an aqueous mixture of the effluent and a micro-
organism along with necessary nutrients are introduced into an aerated
degradation system. The mixture is then passed to a second degradation
system where a different microorganism is added. Several tanks may be
employed in each degradation stage, and filtration may be performed
after each stage.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14):#W76-06975. 1976]
C-1959-76
REMOVING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM EFFLUENT WATER
Inventor Unknown. 1976.
Soviet Patent 466,029
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Filtration, Coalescence
In the title method, mechanical impurities in the effluent are removed
on a vibrating sheet filter. The effluent is further cleaned by
passing through a series of filter elements fitted with drainage pipes.
Wastewater is fed into a section of the filter which contains floating
polyethylene pieces. After complete saturation, the petroleum droplets
begin to coalesce and pass downward into a storage tank. Oil can then
be withdrawn for reuse.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14):#W76-06976. 1976]
C-1960-76
METHOD OF BREAKING DOWN EMULSIONS
Aliev, V.S., N.B. Altman, P.P. Galonsky, A.D. Guterman, L.V. Malina,
et al. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,950,245
Waste oil treatment, Emulsions, Oxidation, *Demulsification
A method for demulsifying oil emulsions is described. The method
consists basically of heating the oil emulsion between 40°C and 70°C
and then bubbling specified quantities of air through the heated
emulsion until natural oil emulsifiers are oxidized and total break-
down occurs.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(31):#222,872. 1976]
C-1961-76
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING SOLIDS AND WATER FROM USED OIL SLUDGES
Alva Laval Industriet echnik G.m.b.H. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,438,602
Waste oil treatment, Oil-water separation, Sludge
A process and apparatus are described which separate used oil from
solids and water. The process involves preheating, sedimentation,
drying, and repeated centrifuging; the equipment includes heat
exchangers, buffer tanks, pumps, and a screen.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(4):#23477e. 1976]
75
-------
C-1962-76
BIG REFINERY HAS ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT UNIT
Anon. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(50):82-83.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Canada, Water quality
The refinery effluent-water quality control system of the Amoco Oil
Company 54.7 million 1/d (334,000 b/d) refinery at Texas City, Texas,
is outlined. The facilities include storage for storm flow up to
310.4 million 1 (82 million gals), emergency chemical spills basin,
API separators for primary treatment, staged equalization, pH control,
preaeration, chemical destabilization, filtration, activated sludge
for secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment involving filtration.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9):#W76-04024. 1976]
C-1963-76
DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTE BY POWELL DUFFRYN PROCESS
Anon. 1974.
Chemistry and Industry No. 1:3.
Wastewater disposal, Waste oil, Oil industry
The article describes the "Chemfix" process which treats industrial
liquid waste with chemical reagents and discharges it to form solid
material suitable for landfilling. The process is applicable to wastes
produced by chemical oil and petroleum, mining, textiles and metal
production,and treatment industries.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9) :#W76-04188. 1976]
C-1964-76
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Anon. 1975.
Hydrocarbon Processing 54(10):73-l11.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Environmental management, Economics
This report consists of six papers dealing with environmental aspects
of effective wastewater treatment, recycling, and reuse of waste
products, and the economics and economic impacts of environmental
cleanup legislation. One paper dealing primarily with refinery
effluents entitled, 'Incinerate refinery waste in a fluid bed1, by
K.P. Becker and C.J. Wall, is part of the report.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(2):#591. 1976]
76
-------
C-1965-76
MAPCO PROCESS CONTROLS - POLLUTION CONTROLS (product information)
Anon.
Mapco, Inc., Process and Pollution Controls Division, 1437 S. Boulder
Ave., Tulsa, OK 74119.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Skimmers
The booklet describes the company's line of pollution control products
which includes the CATA-SEP series of oil-water separators. The CATA-
SEP products range from single-vessel oil coalescing units to complex
oil coalescing and gravity separation systems for shipboard and land-
based applications. Capacities range up to about 5600 liters per
minute (1500 gallons per minute). A pontoon-mounted oil skimmer unit,
the CATA-SEP skimtrol, is also featured.
C-1966-76
MARINE SEPARATORS (product information)
Anon.
De Laval Separator Company, Poughkeepsie, NY 12602.
Oil-water separation, Fuel oil, Sludge, Ships
The brochure describes a line of centrifugal separators for removing
water and/or sludge from fuel oil and other mineral oils in shipboard
applications. Several models useful for either purification or clari-
fication are described.
C-1967-76
NEW WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATS OIL AT EATON AXLE (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(7):16.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Sludge
Eaton Corp's wastewater treatment system is designed to remove oil
from wastewater by chemical processing coupled with dissolved air
flotation. In a clarifier tank the oil sludge is skimmed off and the
treated effluent is released into the general sewage system. Oil
content is reduced from 10,000 mg/1 to less than 100 mg/1. FFI
contact Eaton Corp., Manufacturing Services Center, Cleveland, OH.
C-1968-76
OIL EMULSION BREAKER (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(6):50.
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, *Sepol 433
Sepol 433 separates oil from oil-water emulsions with no need for a
prime coagulant. It is designed to increase the efficiency of gravity
or mechanical oil separation in air flotation units, wet cyclones and
centrifuges. FFI contact Dearborn Chemical (U.S.) Chemed Corporation.
77
-------
C-1969-76
RAINBEAUX OIL/WATER SEPARATORS (product information)
Anon.
Oil Mop Inc., Post Office Box P, Belle Chasse, LA 70037
Wastewater treatment, Design and engineering, Oil-water separation,
Ships, Refineries
Several brochures describe the Rainbeaux R-10 and R-50 oil/water
separator systems which are designed not only for cleaning up ship-
board bilge and ballast waters, but also for land-based industrial
effluents such as oil refinery and petrochemical wastewaters. The
units have a capacity rating of up to 10 and 50 gals/minute (38 and
190 liters/minute) respectively, and both routinely discharge effluents
with less than 5-10 ppm of oil.
C-1970-76
UNDERWATER SEDIMENT REMOVED WITH MINIMUM TURBIDITY
Anon. 1975.
Water and Pollution Control 113(11):9.
Wastewater treatment, Sediments, Cleanup, Oil industry
The Mud-Cat, a machine developed to clean sediment from the bottoms
of municipal reservoirs and industrial settling ponds, is a self-
propelled barge fitted with an eight-foot wide horizontal auger
mounted on a hydraulically operated boom. The machine can remove
from 40-90 m3 (50-120 yd3) of sediment and industrial waste per hour.
It has been used by the oil industry, for an irrigation reservoir,
for removing paper fiber wastes, and for cleaning sludge and coal
slurries in the United States and Canada.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14):#W76-07040. 1976]
C-1971-76
TREATING EMULSIFIED WASTE WATERS CONTAINING METALS AND OILS
Ariyama, K., and T. Kurokawa. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,159,148.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flocculation
"A metals-containing oil-water emulsified wastewater is adjusted to
pH < 6.5 in the presence of tannin or bisphenol-A, a chelating agent,
a reducing agent, and a metal collector such as a sulfide. The waste-
water is then flocculated with an organic flocculant to remove oils
and metals simultaneously and effectively."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184640x. 1976]
78
-------
C-1972-76
ULTRAFILTRATION OF OILY WASTES FROM PROCESS INDUSTRIES
Bansal, I.K. 1975.
Annual Meeting of the AlChe Conference, 68th, Los Angeles, 1975. 23p.
Waste oil treatment, Industries, Filtration
The UCARSEP ultrafiltration process which uses an inorganic membrane
is described and its use in treating various oily waste feeds is
elaborated. Performance details are given.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6260. 1976]
C-1973-76
MARINE DISCHARGE CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TREATING FLUIDS ON
A MARINE VESSEL.
Bartik, I. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,937,662
Oil-water separation, Bilge, Ballast, Filtration, Coalescence, Design
and engineering
Oily bilges and ballast waters are treated by passing them through
filtering and coalescing devices which separate the oil from the water.
The oil is stored and the water is discharged overboard. The purity
of the discharged water is continuously monitored by a turbidity meter,
and the flow rate is controlled to meet all pollution standards.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):184627y. 1976]
3,937,662
MARINE DISCHARGE CONTROL APPARATUS AND
METHOD FOR TREATING FLUIDS ON A MARINE
VESSEL
ITU Bartifc, CaokcvUfe, TCM., BnigBor to KCCM Corporattoa,
New York, N.Y.
Filed May 13, 1974, Str. N». 469,401
fart. Cl.' B01D 29/36
VS. CL 210-23 11 CUIaif
79
-------
C-1974-76
PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Bendetti, L., et al. 1975.
Industrial Waste Water and Wastes -II. B. Goransson (ed.). Int.
Congress on Industrial Waste Water and Wastes, llth,Stockholm, Sweden,
1975. [Pure and Applied Chemistry 45(3,4).]
Pollution prevention, Wastewater treatment, Industries, Petrochemicals
Summary not available.
[from Water Research 10(7):309. 1976]
C-1975-76
ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS [in French]
Bormans, J.(ed.). 1974.
Liege, Belgium, Editors CEBEDOC, 1974. 186p.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Sampling, Chemical analysis
Papers on the analysis of industrial wastewaters are reprinted including
a paper on the sampling of refinery liquid effluents.
[from WRC Information 3(12):#76-902S. 1976]
C-1976-76
COALESCENCE FILTER FOR OIL-WATER DISPERSIONS
Bresson, C.R. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,960,719
Dispersions, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Ballast, Bilges, Tankers
A filtering medium is used for coalescing oil dispersed in water to
facilitate sea separation of oil droplets. The filter is composed of
an oleophilic fiber-forming polymer and can be used to treat bilge and
ballast waters from tankers.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(35):#224,218. 1976]
3.9M.719
COALESCENCE FILTER FOR OIL-WATER WSFERSIONS
- , R. BIOM, BartfcivMe. Okh, «•%•«• to P—•-
• CiiM"3. Bartfc«*«e, Okte.
FM Dee. «, 1973, Scr. N*. 422,317
brt. CL< MID 13100
VS. CL 2I«—13 It * '
80
-------
C-1977-76
PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF MIXTURES OF OIL, WATER AND SOLIDS
Busch, F. 1975.
German Patent 2,507,271
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Reclamation
A process is described for separating and reclaiming pure oil from a
mixture of oily water and solids. The process includes adjustment
of the water content to 45-80% of the mixture, heating to above 80°C,
admixture of specified amounts of an alkaline silicate solution, and
boiling for 1.5 to 2 hours. The resultant supernatant oily phase is
separated from the lower muddy phase and additionally treated for
purification of the oil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(23):#220,422. 1976]
C-1978-76
OIL/WATER SEPARATION: A NEW DEVELOPMENT
Chambers, D.B. 1975.
Water and Waste Treatment 18(7):24-25.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence
The article describes a new process of oil coalescence in which the^oil
concentration in mixtures may be reduced to very low levels. The oily
water is passed through an open oored material under low pressure and
coalescence occurs, forming large oil droplets which rise to the water
surface. Oil is removed by skimming, scraping or by using floating
arm takeoff units.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(5):#1339. 1976]
C-1979-76
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM AQUEOUS LIQUIDS
Chapman, W.F. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,948,786
Wastewaters, Oil-water separation, Coalescence
Fine oily particles are separated from aqueous liquid at very high flow
velocities by passing the oil-bearing liquid upward through a column
packed with oleophilic granules. The flow velocity lifts and disperses
the granules, and their movement causes the coalescence and collection
of the fine oily particles. Coalesced, large drops of oil are released
back into the stream and then intercepted and extracted by steeply
inclined screens. They then flow into a storage facility.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(31):#222,875. 1976]
(patent illustration on the following page)
81
-------
3,948,76*
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL
FROM AQUEOUS LIQUIDS
Walt F. Chaaaua, aStl Jay M«cr Drhre, Fafe Caarch, Va.
23*41
Caatibnatiaa-fe-aart af Scr. Na. 449,993, Feb. a, 1974. Tab
aaplkattaa J«ly 7. 1975, Scr. Na. 591.S41
lat- CL* B01D 13100
U-&CL2IO-20 II'
C- 1980- 76
LIQUID SEPARATION EQUIPMENT
Cheysson, P.O., P.O. Verney, and M.A. Coquard. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,925,204
Wastewater treatment, Ballast, Tankers, Oil -water separation
A method for partially separating liquids of different densities, i.e.
oily water discharged from tankers, is described. The mixtures are
passed into a tank beneath the surface of a layer of liquid in the tank.
The top layer of liquid is skimmed off by means of a weir. Heavier
liquid is withdrawn at the bottom of the liquid layer and discharged.
Additional oil -water separation cycles separate the skimmed layer and
the heavier of this liquid is recycled back to the tank for future
treatments .
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10) :#W76-04614. 1976]
LIQUID SEPARATING EQUIPMENT
JcM-Maric Cfccy*w*. SaUrtt Adrcsse; Paul Jen
Veraey. «ad Michel Atela Coquard, boUi «f Le Havre, af
-------
C-1981-76
COALESCENCE OF EMULSIFIED OILY WASTES BY FIBROUS BED
Chieu, J.N. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis. University of Texas. 213p.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Emulsions
The feasibility of using a fibrous bed coalescer to separate emulsified
oil from industrial waste streams and to evaluate system parameters was
determined. Several types of coalescing media were used and four types
of oily wastes were tested to determine the effect of fluid properties.
Contact angle, interfacial tension, and oil viscosity were measured for
each system and the results were compared with the coalescer efficiency.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#221,087. 1976]
C-1982-76
PURIFICATION OF WATER CONTAMINATED WITH HYDROCARBONS
Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage. 1975.
French Demande 2,251,525
Wastewater treatment, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons
By impregnating powdered rubber with organic solvents such as Decalin,
Bu20, MeCOEt, BuCl, heptane, or CC14. the powder effectively removes
residual hydrocarbons from water. In an example of this process, the
hydrocarbon content of water was reduced from 500 ppm to 1 ppm.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(4):#25136s. 1976]
C-1983-76
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN OILY WASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR RED RIVER
ARMY DEPOT
Crouse, R.W.,Jr. 1976.
Final report, DARCOM-ITC-02-08-76-003. 97p.
Waste oil disposal, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering, Waste-
water treatment
Oily waste samples were taken from various drainage ditches throughout
the Red River Army Depot (RRAD). Analysis indicated that the effluent
leaving RRAD contained 12 ppm oil. Since this result did not meet
effluent requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency, an oily
waste disposal system was designed using a lagoon for oil separation
and boilers for oil disposal.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(14):#AD-A024729/6GA. 1976]
83
-------
C-1984-76
CONTINUOUS RADIAL FILTRATION IN THE PURIFICATION OF OILY WATER
Fasoli, U., R. Conti, and G. Genon. 1976.
Water Research 10(7):633-635.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Filtration
This paper examines the possibility of using radial filtering in the
separation of oil suspended in water with a new type of continous sand
filtering apparatus. Results seem to demonstrate that continuous
radial filtration offers an encouraging means for the treatment of
oil-polluted water.
C-1985-76
ACTIVATED CARBON BY PYROLYSIS OF ORGANIC SLUDGES
Fasoli, U., and G. Genon. 1976.
Water Research 10(6):545-547.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Sludge
Refinery wastes and those from a biochemical industry were carbonized
so as to obtain active carbon for the treatment of the wastewaters.
It was concluded that active carbon obtained from organic sludges may
be used to purify the wastes themselves. Savings in this process
appear to be possible if active carbon could be made economically
from these wastes.
C-1986-76
DEEP MYSTERY. NOW WHERE DID THAT STUFF GO. . .
Forrestal, L. 1975.
Environment 17(8):25-31.
Disposal, *0ilfield brines, *Deep well injection
Details are presented on current practices of deep well injection of
radioactive wastes, sewage effluents, and oilfield brines. Deep well
construction requirements are described in respect to characteristic
injection rate, injection pressure and injection capacity of each
well, and factors to determine the safety requirements for a deep
well system.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(1):#162. 1976]
84
-------
C-1987-76
REINFORCED COALESCING CELL
Fowler, L.L. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,931,019
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence
A cell is described for coalescing oil droplets from aqueous emulsions.
The cell consists of an emulsion-breaking fiber core through which the
emulsion is forced, and a wire wound helically around the exterior
surface of the fibrous material.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184599r. 1976]
3,931,019
REINFORCED COALESCING CELL
Leslie L. Fowler, Tulsa, Okl*., assignor to Products «nd Pollu-
tion Controls Co., Tulu, Okla.
Continuatlon-ln-part of Ser. No. 408,458, Oct. 23, 1073,
abandoned. This application Feb. 18, 1975, Ser. No. 550,188
Int. Cl.' B01D 25/22
U.S. Cl. 210-4*5 3 Claims
38
C-1988-76
SUBSURFACE BRINE DISPOSAL - BE REASONABLE
Fryberger, J.S. 1976.
Ground Water 14(3):150-156.
Groundwater, Contamination, Wastewater disposal, Oil industry, Oklahoma
The battle between landowners in Texas County, Oklahoma, desiring to
protect their fresh groundwater from pollution, and oil companies
needing a disposal zone for injection of oil-field brines is reported
Results of a complete hydrogeologic analysis of the area are presented.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,908. 1976]
-------
C-1989-76
LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT FOR THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY [in Japanese]
Fujimori, K. and F. Sato. 1974.
Nenryo Oyobi Nensho 41(7):635-640.
Waste oil treatment, Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation,
Refineries, Japan
Current refinery wastewater treatment methods of the Mizushima Refinery
in Japan are detailed. Oily wastewater is first treated in an API
separator and after pH adjustment the remaining liquid is fed into
an activated sludge system, followed by clarification and aeration.
Oily emulsions from the API separator are recovered by centrifugation.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(15):#W76-07537. 1976]
C-1990-76
SORPTION METHOD FOR THE PURIFICATION OF PETROLEUM CONTAINING WASTE
WATERS [in Russian]
Garibov, I.M., A.A. Mamedov, and S.A. Efendieva. 1975.
Azerbaydzhanskiy Khimicheskiy Zhurnal No. 3:75-76.
Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, *Activated carbon
The adsorption of petroleum and its derivatives in wastewaters by
different solid sorbents was studied. Activated carbon, especially
type AG-5, was found to have the highest adsorption capacity for
petroleum and petroleum products. Aluminum and iron hydroxide
showed negligible adsorption capacity for petroleum.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05491. 1976]
C-1991-76
TREATMENT OF OILY WASTES FROM SHIPS
Gillespie, R.J., and C.R. Phillips. 1976.
Marine Technology Society Journal 10(5):19-26.
Oil-water separation, Wastewaters, Ships, Design and engineering
The available principles for oil-water separator designwere evaluated
and one method was further developed. The design was prepared for the
treatment of a shipboard effluent containing one ton/hour of oil waste
to produce an effluent containing less than 15 mg/1 of oil in water.
C-1992-76
INCINERATORS
Grannec, R.Y-M. 1975.
British Patent 1,385,782
Waste oil disposal, Petrochemicals, Incineration
86
-------
Volatile wastes, including petrochemical and oil wastes can incinerated
in an open top combustion chamber. Combustion control is achieved by
air and/or water injection, and rich and poor calorific valve wastes
are treated simultaneously.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(5):#HMS 6112. 1976]
C-1993-76
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM
Grutsch, J.F., and R.C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(3):105-112.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Activated sludge, Guidelines
Refinery effluent water quality can be significantly improved and
capital and operating costs can be lowered by carefully controlling
and integrating the separate elements of a wastewater treatment system.
This article, which discusses the activated sludge process, is the
first of a series that outlines key objectives and recommends treat-
ment sequences for optimizing refinery wastewater treatment systems.
C-1994-76
SIX YEAR GERMAN WASTE OIL EXPERIENCE
Haberland, B. 1975.
International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse, 2nd,
Cleveland, 1975. p.27-39.
Waste oil treatment, Recovery, Disposal, Legislation, Germany, West
The paper describes the successful operation of the 1968 German Waste
Oil Law which makes users pay a levy which is paid to collectors,
refiners, and incinerator operators to meet the costs of recovery and
disposal.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6336. 1976]
C-1995-76
COMPOSITION FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATERIALS FROM WATER
Harris, A., W. Margotte, and B.M. Thomas. 1976.
British Patent 1,420,394
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Adsorption
A composition for removing emulsified oil from aqueous emulsions is
described. The material includes an adsorbing agent, an emulsion-
breaking agent, and a hydrophobic agent.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(34):#223,961. 1976]
87
-------
C-1996-76
NATIONAL VIEW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
Hickman, H.L. 1975.
International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse, 2nd,
Cleveland, 1975. p.17-26.
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment, Recovery
The unsatisfactory situation in the United States in respect to the
quantities and breakdown of composition of municipal, residual, and
oil wastes is reviewed. Problems are highlighted and priorities for
action are suggested.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6393. 1976]
C-1997-76
SOME PROBLEMS OF THE INVESTIGATION OF WASTE WATERS GENERATED IN THE
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY [English summary]
Hills, E., L. Vajta, and I. Szerenyi. 1975.
Kemiai Kozlemenyek 44(1/2):21-34.
Wastewaters, Oil industry, Analytical techniques, Refineries, *Hungary
Techniques used to analyze petroleum industry effluents were studied
and improvements were made for testing the wastewaters in the Hungarian
refineries. Pollutants were identified, with emphasis on the deter-
mination of phenols and oil. Surface active agents in the effluents
complicate the analyses of oil contaminated waters.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14):#76-06974. 1976]
C-l998-76
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING OIL
Honma, M., M. Takesada, T. Saito, Y. Matsuzawa, S. Ninagawa, and M.
Takehara. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 23,486
Wastewater treatment, Crude oil, Coagulation
A process is described by which various oils, such as crude oil, heavy
oils and soybean oil, are coagulated in water with N-acrylamino acid
derivatives.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):f!0083. 1976]
-------
C-1999-76
IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM OIL-CONTAMINATED WATER
Hydronautics, Inc. 1976,
British Patent 1,433,764
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Absorption, Coalescence
Oil-water separation is effected by a method and apparatus which utilizes
the oil-absorbing and oil-coalescing properties of a porous, compressible
materal. Oily water is passed through the material for absorption and
coalescence of the oil. The coalesced oil is drawn off from the water,
and the material is periodically compressed to expel! absorbed oil and
to regenerate the material.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(24):#220,653. 1976]
C-2000-76
METHOD OF ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER
Ishii, M., and M. Ichiki. 1974.
U.S. Patent 3,783,114
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation
A method is described for treating industrial waste water in an electro-
lytic cell. The scum arising from the electrolysis removes suspended
matter, fats, and oils, including petroleum products.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(15):#W76-07707. 1976]
3,783,114
METHOD OF ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT
OF WASTE WATER
Masahlto bhil and Mlnora Ichiki, Tokyo, Japan, assignor*
to Mitsnl Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., Cbno-kn,
Tokyo, Japan
Filed Feb. 18, 1972, Ser. No. 227,594
Claims priority, application Japan, Feb. 23, 1971,
46/8,856
Int. O. C02c 5/72
VA CL 204—149 7 Chin*
C-2001-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS OIL EMULSIONS
Joven, W., and R. Hanke. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,513,173
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions
"An electrolysis process is devised for breaking oil-waste water
emulsions."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184578h. 1976.]
89
-------
C-2002-76
VERMICULITE AS A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE SOLVENT FOR REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM,
PETROLEUM. PRODUCTS, AND FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METAL IONS FROM WASTE
WATERS [Engligh summary]
Klisuranov, G., B. Lulov, and V. Antonov. 1975.
Rudodobiv 30(9):18-21.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals, *Vermiculite
Thermally expanded vermiculite (density ~ kg/m ) is effective
in the purification of petrochemical wastewaters and for the
removal of Fe, Pb, and Zn ions. Primary treatment by passing
the effluent through a vermiculite filter or layer is sufficient.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):9927v. 1976]
C-2003-76
TREATMENT OF SULFIDE-CONTAINING WASTE WATER
Kobayashi, Y., M. Iwata, S. Yoshida, and H. Akatsuka. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application)
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Activated sludge
A method is described for treating petroleum refinery wastewaters
containing sulfides. The method , which consists of treating the
effluent with activated sludge in the presence of Fe catalyst and
CL02, results in improved aeration, oxidation, and settling instead
of anaerobic conditions.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(6):#36960g. 1976]
C-2004-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER WITH AN ACTIVE SLUDGE
Kobayashi, Y., M. Iwata, S. Yoshida, and H. Akatuka. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,528,522
Wastewater treatment, Activated sludge, Refineries
"Waste water containing hydrocarbons, e.g. refinery wastes, is
treated by the activated-sludge process after addition of Cj-2Q
hydrocarbons, e.g. naphtha or kerosine, to remove oils."
C-2005-76
PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
Kominek, E.G. 1975.
International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse, 2nd,
Cleveland, 1975. p.137-149.
Wastewater treatment, Industries, Oil-water separation
The methods reviewed for the treatment of oil-containing effluents
include: gravity separation, dispersed air flotation, granular and
90
-------
coalescing media filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, centri-
fugation, and ultrafiltration.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6228. 1976]
C-2006-76
SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WATER
Kondo, G., and M. Asakura. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 60,478
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coagulation, Coalescence
Oil dispersed in water can be separated by adding a polymeric coagu-
lating agent and coalescing the oil with air bubbles. At pH < 4 and
> 9, anionic and cationic coagulants are used, respectively.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(4):#25139v. 1976]
C-2007-76
INCINERATION OF FLUID RESIDUES AND SLUDGE. CINCLUS PROCESS
Laurent, M., and J.M. Pariel. 1975.
Externer Bericht, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe 4(3):190-201.
Waste oil disposal, Sludge, Incineration
The Cinclus incineration method for the combustion of liquid effluents,
toxic gases, and sludge is described. Particular attention is given
to its application for the destruction of used oils and other liquids
with high levels of hydrocarbons.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(8):#2065. 1976]
C-2008-76
INVESTIGATING WASTE OIL DISPOSAL BY DIRECT INCINERATION
LePera, M.E., and G. DeBono. 1975.
U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center, Report
no. 2127. 26p.
Waste oil disposal, Incineration
"Analysis of emissions from a boiler installation for lead, zinc,
magnesium, calcium, particulates and gas composition gave acceptable
results where a rotary cup atomizer input was used."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6352. 1976]
91
-------
C-2009-76
DEMULSIFICATION PROCESS
Li, N.N., T. Hucal, and R.P. Cahn. 1974.
U.S. Patent Application B 525,204
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation
In this procedure the oil-in-water emulsion is mixed with two or
more comiscible volatile solvents, at least one of which is miscible
with water and at least one of which is miscible with oil. Separation
into an oil and water layer results, and the solvents can then be
recycled by distillation of the separated oil and water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27):#221,465. 1976]
C-2010-76
INDUSTRIAL OILS, RECOVERY OR DISPOSAL [in French]
Maes, M. 1974.
Machine Moderne, November 1974, p.38-45.
Waste oil, Reclamation, Recycling, Waste oil treatment, Refining,
Disposal
The technology and methods presently used to dispose of or regenerate
and recover used industrial oils are reviewed. Oils are incinerated
used as fuel oil, or legally and illegally dumped. Other waste oil is
regenerated and re-refined by various processes involving distillation,
filtration-absorption, flocculation and/or ozonation to yield new
lubricating or fuel oils.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05280. 1976]
C-2011-76
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND SANITARY WASTES
Meyers, R.L. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,917,564
Wastewater disposal, Waste oil, Reuse, Fuels
Oily sludges, oily wastewaters, and organic waste liquids can be used
to quench coke. The dispersed hydrocarbons and organic materials become
part of the primary fuel, while noncombustible solid wastes become part
of the commercial coke ash.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(4):#25127q. 1976]
3,*17.5*4
MSTOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND SANITARY WASTES
K^^Mv4 I lyi^vtfM- ^^M^^^^^ii. T**~_ •^^^••r ^k TtAshA Oil
CmrmMltm, New Y«Hi, N.Y.
FM Ai«- 7. 1974. Scr. N*. 495.4M
btf. Cl' C1«C 9114
U.S.CL 2M—131 41
92
-------
C-2012-76
SUMP DESIGN AND OIL/WATER SEPARATORS
Miranda, J.G. 1975.
Chemical Engineering 82(25):85.
Design and engineering, Oil-water separation, Wastewaters, Refineries,
Chile
A sump design is described which has been used for successful separation
of oil/water mixtures at the Empresa Nacional del Petroleo refinery at
Concon, Chile. A schematic drawing of the sump system is presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9):#W76-04022. 1976]
C-2013-76
TREATMENT FOR WASTE WATER CONTAINING EMULSIFIED OIL
Miyazaki, Y., H. Kobayashi, and M. Shindo. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 13,158
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Flocculation
Wastewater which contains emulsified oil is treated with MgS04 or
MgCl2, and an alkaline solution is then added, forming a flocculated
layer that contains the oil and a separate layer of water. The
flocculated layer is filtered off and burned, the filtrate is added
to the water layer, and the mixture is neutralized and discharged.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(6):#36962j. 1976]
C-2014-76
METHOD FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER
Miyazawa, T. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,940,334
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, *Paraffinic hydrocarbons
Paraffinic hydrocarbons with a specific gravity less than 0.8 are added
as extractive solvents to oil and fat-containing wastewaters, together
with inorganic and organic coagulants. Floating oily scum is removed
and is distilled so as to separate the paraffinic hydrocarbons (fats
and oil extraction solvents) from the mixture. The distillation vapor
is then condensed to recover the paraffinic hydrocarbons, and the
remaining residue is filtered and incinerated.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14) :#W76-0744. 1976]
3,940,334
METHOD FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER
Tadashi Miyazawa, Tokyo, Japan, assignor to Kay aba Industry
Co., Ltd.; Mitsubishi Industries. Ltd., both of Tokyo and E.
C. Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Osaka, all of, Japan
Filed Mar. 18, 1974, Ser. No. 451,763
Claims priority, application Japan. Mar. 16, 1973, 48-
30595
Int. CL'BOID 11/04
VS. CL 210-21 9 culn»
93
-------
C-2015-76
BREAKING CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS
Mohr, R., R. Fikentscher, G. Liebold, K. Oppenlaender, E. Buettner,
and W. Slotaman. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,435,713
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Oil wells
Crude oil-saltwater emulsions at the well can be rapidly and completely
demulsified by the use of quaternarized oxyalkylenated polyalkylene
amines.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#167171c. 1976]
C-2016-76
FINAL TREATMENT OF PETROLEUM CONTAINING WASTE WATERS IN HIGHSPEED
FILTERS FOR PUMPING THEM INTO OIL-BEARING BEDS [in Russian]
Nikiforov, G.N., and A.B. Adel'shin. 1975.
Neftepromyslovoe Delo (9):31-34.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Filtration, Coagulation
Rapid sand filtration and subsequent coagulation of petroleum processing
wastewaters containing high concentrations of minerals and petroleum
products are described. Optimal combinations of sand types, grain
sizes, and filtration rates are specified, and recommended doses of
the best coagulant, ammonium hydroxide, are given.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11) :#W76-05492. 1976]
C-2017-76
COMBUSTION ON LAND OR WATER OF POLLUTANTS LIKE THICK OIL OR OTHER
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, USING ALUMINUM POWDER OR IRON OXIDE POWDER
Niklasson, R.L. 1974.
Swedish Patent 372,499
Waste oil disposal, *Combustion
A method for improving the combustion of petroleum pollutants on land
and water is described which consists of spreading equal amounts of
Fe oxide and aluminum powder to which lipophilic colloidal silicic
acid is added.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184596n. 1976]
94
-------
C-2018-76
REMOVING FINELY DISPERSED OIL FROM HASTE WATERS
Ogihara, M., S. Hata, S. Ito, H. Ohkura, S. Nakai, and H. Shiraishi.
1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 25,487
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence
A composition which coalesces and separates oil from wastewaters such
as tank washings and bilges is described. The composition contains
RO(CH2CH20)nH, where R is Cio-16 alkyl or alkenyl and n is 1-7,
representing the average number of moles of ethylene oxide added.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(8):#51406z. 1976]
C-2019-76
THE BP EFFLUENT TREATMENT PROCESS
Oldham, 6.F. 1975.
Externer Bericht, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe 4(3):154-157.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oil-water separation, Filtration
Details are presented on an alternative refinery treatment process
developed by BP Engineering Department to achieve a high degree of
purification reliably and cheaply. The process consists of mechanical
separation of oils, percolating filters for biological treatment of
the wastewaters, and use of a final lagoon to avoid peak concentrations
and to discharges final effluent as close to its average quality as
possible.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(4):#1073. 1976]
C-2020-76
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS FROM REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL
PLANTS [English summary]
Ono, H. 1975.
Shigen 193:39-46.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Petrochemicals, *Biological treatment
"A discussion."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(8):#51273d. 1976]
95
-------
C-2021-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER-CONTAINING OIL BY AN ADSORPTION TECHNIQUE
Ono, H., and T. Saida. 1975.
Kagaku Kojo 19(4):87-91.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption, Flocculation
"The MTC oil separator and the flocculant Mitsui-Floc 5000 were used.
The oil separator consisted of a sand filter and an oil adsorption
tower packed with peat and reduced the oil in wastewater from 203-
4800 ppm to 0.3 to 4.0 ppm. The flocculant was a low-molecular-weight
organic compound and adsorbed water-soluble organic compounds, nonionic
surfactants, and 3 times as much oil as polyaluminum chloride."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#169152w. 1976]
C-2022-76
SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WASTE WATER CONTAINING THE OIL IN THE FORM OF
FINE DROPLETS
Ono, H., T. Saida, and K. Fukumara. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,522,250
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Adsorption
Oil emulsions can be demulsified and the oil adsorbed by treatment
with metal hydroxides or oxides. HC1 is added to bring the pH to 7
and dissolve the hydroxides the oil then floats to the surface or
coalesces into larger, filterable droplets.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#169286t. 1976]
C-2023-76
COANDA EFFECT OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Paszyc, A.J., D. Pal, and J.B. Curry. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,945,920
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, *Coanda effect
An oil water separating device is described which employs the wall
attachment effect (the Coanda effect) for the continuous separation of
oil from an oil-water mixture.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#220,843. 1976]
3.MS.92*
COANDA EFFECT OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Akh*y i. rmtjt, Vortm; Man- M. WnJn* Mb, *M
*h> 9. Cwnj. Onv*. •• «f C.W., •»%»•» te Tfce IMt*
•( AMria M n>iiM«m by Iht Swrtttn «t the
n f
f •»»^-.
Oct. 3,1974, Scr. tto. SI1.9M
hM. CL* MID 21126
VS. Cl 2l»-73 W 3 i
96
-------
C-2024-76
REVERSE OSMOSIS/ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEMS
Paterson Candy International Ltd.
Laverstoke Mills, Whitchurch, Hampshire RG28 7NR.
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment, Filtration
"Ultra-filtration of waste soluble oil, osmosis purification of brackish
and seawater, sewage effluent, industrial and radioactive wastes,
Pharmaceuticals and chemicals, and preparation of boiler feed and pure
water are described."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6329. 1976]
C-2025-76
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
Patterson, J.W. 1976.
Michigan, Ann Arbor SciencePublishers. 1976. 265p.
Wastewater treatment, Industries, Waste oil disposal
Wastewater treatment techniques for removing 22 major industrial pollu-
tants are reviewed. Typical sources and concentrations of oil pollutants
are given and available abatement procedures are discussed. Pilot plant
and full-scale facilities for oil removal are also presented.
[from Chemical Engineering 83(13):12. 1976]
C-2026-76
SORPTION PURIFICATION OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATERS. I. KINETICS OF
THE SORPTION OF OIL PRODUCTS BY HYDRATED OXIDE DEPOSITS [in Russian]
Petrova, N.A., G.E. Dubrovskaya, V.G. Berezyuk, and V.V. Pushkarev. 1976.
Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Leningrad) 49(1):140-144.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Absorption
"Freshly precipitated hydroxides of Fe and Al were used as sorbents
and Al C13, FeCls, and FeS04 as coagulants. The experiments were
formed under static conditions under weakly acid or neutral pH. The
kinetics of oil sorption was first order. The rate constants and
activation energies of the process indicated physical sorption, limited
by the diffusion process. Raising the temperature to 40-50° signifi-
cantly increased the rate of the sorption process."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(6):#36877k. 1976]
97
-------
C-2027-76
SEPARATION OF HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER
Preus, P. 1975.
Belgian Patent 824,559
Oil-water separation, Hydrocarbons, Absorption
Petroleum hydrocarbons can be absorbed from water by an oleophilic and
hydrophobic fluid granular mass composed of expanded perlite (70%),
cellulose fibers (23%), clay (6%), and asphalt (1%). One liter of
absorbent effectively absorbs 75-125 1 of petroleum.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(24):#16927q. 1976]
C-2028-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION OF
WASTE WATERS
Pueschel, S., and L. Wenige. 1975.
East German Patent 112,747
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Flocculation
C02 or C02~containing air is used to eliminate mercaptans and H2S in
petroleum refinery waste waters, followed by biological treatment,
compressed air treatment, and flocculation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184614s. 1976]
C-2029-76
ACTIVATED CARBON CLEARS EFFLUENT
Rizzo, J.A. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(22):52-56.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Texas, *Activated carbon
Full scale tests for reducing effluent-suspended solids in biological
treating facilities with the addition of activated carbon have been
completed at Sun Oil Company's Corpus Christi, Texas, refinery. These
tests were conducted to expand treatment performance and to meet the
1977 National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systems and Texas Water
Quality Board permit limitations. The treatment process is described.
C-2030-76
PURIFICATION OF OIL BEARING EFFLUENTS BY GAS FLOTATION
Roenneke, H. 1974.
Wastes-Solids, Liquids, Gases. New York, Chemical Publishing Company,
1974. p.57-65.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Flotation
The gas flotation process for separating emulsified oils from industrial
wastewaters is reviewed, and its theoretical and practical advantages
as well as its shortcomings are examined. The economics of its
industrial application is also considered.
98
-------
C-2031-76
PHENOLS. A WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ASSESSMENT
Rosfjord, R.E., R.B. Trattner, and P.N. Cheremisinoff. 1976.
Water and Sewage Works 123 (3):96-99.
Wastewater treatment, *Phenols, Refineries, Bibliographies
The polluting effects of phenols and methods for removing them from
wastewaters such as those from the refining and petrochemical indus-
tries are reviewed. Data on proposed and existing standards for
phenols in wastewaters, and an extensive bibliography are included
in the report.
[from WRC Information 3(19):#76-1423S. 1976]
C-2032-76
WASTE WATER TREATMENT MATERIAL
Sato, H., M. Arita, S. Fujii, and T. Kakuda. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,543,007
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption
Oils can be adsorbed from water by using powdered magnesium oxide or
magnesium hydroxide on a carrier such as polypropylene or polystyrene.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2) :#10090y. 1976]
C-2033-76
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL-IN-WATER USED EMULSIONS, ESPECIALLY
DRILLING FLUIDS
Schmidt, R.,-W. Florberg, and M. Schneemilch. 1975.
East German Patent 111,516
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Filtration, *Drilling fluids
"Oil-in-water emulsions, e.g. drilling fluids, are broken by using a
filter and controlled heating."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184605q. 1976]
C-2034-76
FLOCCULANT USE ON TANKERS
Shewmaker, J.E. 1976.
Final report on Task 1, EE. 5TMR. 76, MA-RD-940-76035. Contract
MA-1-35049. 50p.
Oil-water separation, Wastewaters, Tankers, Flocculation
Flocculation with montmorillonite clay was found to improve oil-water
separation at a very rapid rate; the treated water contained about
20-50 mg/kg (ppm) of oil compared to several hundred mg/kg (ppm) in the
control tank undergoing unaided gravity separation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(13) :#PB-251 626/8GA. 1976]
99
-------
C-2035-76
WATER SUPPLY AND ULTILIZATION IN A REFINERY
Siebert, M. 1975.
Forum der Umwelthygiene 26(7):189-191.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Water quality, Europe
This paper outlines the organization, distribution, and utilization
of the water supply at the Worth refinery, with emphasis on the
pretreatment of process water and wastewater purification. In
comparing water contamination data to European and American standards,
it is shown that all parameters meet present and expected future
water quality requirements.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(9):#2274. 1976]
C-2036-76
TREATMENT OF DRILLING EFFLUENTS [in French]
Sirvins, A., and B. Tramier. 1975.
Bulletin de Centre de Recherches de Pau 9(2):407-420.
Wastewater treatment, Drilling
Drilling fluid waste discharges are made environmentally acceptable
by a three-step process which involves (1) acidification-decantation;
(2) biological treatment; and (3) physico-chemical treatment.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(24):#220,654. 1976]
C-2037-76
USCG OILY WATER SEPARATOR SYSTEM CARTRIDGE USAGE DATA SURVEY
Skewes, R.L. 1976.
Final report, USCG-D-40-76. 73p.
Oil-water separation, Ships, Economics, *U.S. Coast Guard
Oily water separator systems in eight U.S. Coast Guard cutters were
surveyed. Cost analysis data and filter coalescer cartridge usage
rates were obtained for several different systems.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(12) :#AD-A023428/6GA. 1976]
C-2038-76
TREATING CHEMICAL WASTES BY EVAPORATION
Stickney, W.W., and T.M. Fosberg. 1976.
Chemical Engineering Progress 72(4):41-46.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Evaporation
An evaporative system known as the brine concentrator is explained with
emphasis on treating wastewaters from oil refineries andother industries.
[from WRC Information 3(28):#76-2004S. 1976]
100
-------
C-2039-76
ON-SITE DISPOSAL OF SLUDGES FROM EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT OUTS COSTS
Sweeney, F.J. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(27):52-54.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater disposal, Recycling,
Sludge
For economic and environmental reasons, on-site land disposal of wastes
was chosen for the 6.7 million 1/d (42,000 b/d) Shell refinery at
Oakville. Details of the effluent treatment plant, its method of
operation, and effluent analytical data are presented. The effluent
treatment scheme is believed to be the most effective method of
recycling wastes as well as the most economic disposal method yet
devised.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#267. 1976]
C-2040-76
AN ACTUAL EXAMPLE OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN A PETROLEUM FACTORY
Tada, H. 1974.
All-Japan Pollution Control Technical Conference, Tokyo, 1974. p.11-20.
Oil industry, Petrochemicals, Wastewater treatment, Japan
The wastewater treatment facilities of the Oita (Japan) petrochemical
complex are detailed. Methods used in the neutralization, treatment,
and clarification of the effluents from various plants within the
complex are discussed. Treatment costs, analysis and measurement of
wastes, and future expansion plans for the water treatment system are
reviewed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(15) :#W76-07717. 1976]
C-2041-76
EMULSION BREAKING METHOD
Tao, F.S. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,928,194
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Dispersions
A method for separating an oil and water emulsion into separate oil
and water phases consists of converting the emulsion into a dispersion
which will separate into distinct phases upon settling. The conversion
is achieved by mixing with a demulsifier or by first adding a demulsifier
and a sufficient amount of the emulsified material to effect an inversion
and mixing.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(12) :#W76-05527. 1976]
101
-------
C-2042-76
EMULSION BREAKING METHOD
Texaco Development Corporation. 1976.
British Patent 1,435,614
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, *Demulsification
A process is described in which water-in-oil emulsions are first
inverted to oil-in-water emulsions, followed by addition of demulsifier
and sufficient mixing to demulsify and separate the water and oil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27) :#221,466. 1976]
C-2043-76
DEMULSIFIER MIXTURES FOR BREAKING OF CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS
Theile, H., H. Hoffmann, G. Rossmy, G. Koerner, and P. Zaske. 1976.
German Patent 2,250,920
Crude oil, Emulsions, *Demulsification
Crude oil emulsions are broken by a mixture consisting 70-99.8% of a
specified, silicon-free demulsifier and 0.2-30% of a mixed block
polymer composed of polyoxy alkylene and polysiloxane.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27) :#221,464. 1976]
C-2044-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM AN OIL-WATER MIXTURE
Toft, K.H. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,420,977
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment
"A separator is described for removing oil from natural waters."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184761n. 1976]
C-2045-76
AGENTS FOR SEPARATION OF OIL EMULSION
Wakabayashi, Y., and H. Takado. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 159,880
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Flocculation
A powder made from 20-40% CaCl2-containing clay, 60-80%
containing clay, and 0.3-1.0 weight % flocculants forms an effective
agent for separating oil from water in a surfactant-containing oil
emulsion.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#184621s. 1976]
102
-------
C-2046-76
EXPERIENCE WITH THE PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS IN RESERVOIRS [in
Russian]
Zikunov, A.,and S. Akzigitov. 1974.
Neftepromyslovoe Delo Vol. 1:38-40.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Refineries,
Petrochemicals
The removal of oil from petroleum refining and petrochemical industry
wastewater reservoirs is discussed. The method consists basically
of admitting the effluent to vertical settling tanks, draining off
surface oils, then demulsifying and removing emulsified oils.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(15) :#W76-07538. 1976]
103
-------
6. RECLAMATION AND REUSE
C-2047-76
NEW REREFINING PROCESS UNVEILED FOR WASTE LUBE OILS
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(14):39.
Waste oil treatment, Lubricating oil, Reclamation
A new rerefining process for waste lubricating oils which avoids the
traditional acid or clay-sludge disposal problems has been developed.
Spent lube oil is first dehydrated, then vacuum distilled to remove
residual asphaltenes, and hydrofinished for stabilization. A final
stripping process removes volatile hydrocarbons for fuel use, leaving
a primary lubricating oil base stock product.
C-2048-76
REREFINING AND RECYCLING OF LUBRICANTS
Anon. 1976.
Lubrication Engineering 31(2):72-74.
Refining, Recycling, Lubricating oils, Waste oil treatment
"Proceedings of a panel discussion held at the 1975 ASLE Annual Meeting
are reoorted. Topics dealt with include economics, practical problems,,
additive depletion, waste disposal and general lubricant conservation.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#152. 1976]
EXPERIMENTAL BURNING OF WASTE OIL AS A FUEL IN CEMENT MANUFACTURE
Berry, E.E., L.P., MacDonald, and D.J. Skinner. 1975.
Technology development report, EPS4-WP-75-1. 187p.
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Reuse, Fuels
In an experimental program at St. Lawrence Cement Company, Ltd,
Mississauga, Ontario, 1.25 million 1 (330,000 gals) of used lubricating
oil were burned as a portion of the total fuel requirement for a dry-
process cement kiln. Emission data are reported.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9) :#W76-04177. 1976]
104
-------
C-2050-76
RE-REFINING OF USED LUBRICATING OIL
Chatwin, A.H. 1975.
Petroleum Review 29(346):713-716.
Reclamation, Refining, Lubricating oil, Waste oil treatment, Conserva-
tion, Economics
Various aspects of the re-refining of used lubricating oils are discussed
including economics, supply, and conservation. Historical developments
in re-refining are outlined, and present processes and problems in
collecting, treating, and re-refining used oils are described.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#153. 1976]
C-2051-76
REGENERATING USED MOTOR OILS
Ditman, J.G. 1975.
French Demande 2,257,678
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Lubricating oils
"Used motor oils are regenerated to give lubricating oils of good color
and viscosity by the process of extraction by vapor to remove volatile
impurities, deasphalting, and catalytic hydrogenation."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(5):#23473a. 1976]
C-2052-76
WASTEWATER RE-USE SAVES ON COOLING-TOWER MAKE UP
Harpel, W.L., and E.W. James. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(35):118-119.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Reuse, Recycling
Oil refinery and other plant effluent waters can be used for cooling
water makeup if proper selection and treatment methods are employed.
Thorough analysis and treatment of such wastewaters to minimize scaling,
fouling, and corrosion potential are necessary before recycling and
reuse for cooling.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#122. 1976]
C-2053-76
EXPERIMENTAL BURNING OF WASTE OIL AS A FUEL IN CEMENT MANUFACTURE
MacDonald, L.P., and E.E. Berry. 1975.
Ontario Industrial Waste Conference, 22nd, 1975.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1975 [?]. p.353-366.
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Reuse, Fuels
Emission data are given from an experimental program at St. Lawrence
Cement Co., Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario, in which used lubricating oil
was burned for fuel in a dry-process cement kiln.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(3):#76-02456. 1976]
105
-------
C-2054-76
REREFINED OIL: AN OPTION THAT SAVES OIL, MINIMIZES POLLUTION
Maugh, T.H., II. 1976.
Science 193(4258) :1108-inO.
Waste oil, Recycling, Lubricating oil, Legislation, U.S.
The changing situation regarding the rerefining of used oil in
the United States is described. New rerefining processes have
been developed that eliminate environmental problems character-
istic of older technologies. Federal and local governments
have become more interested in promoting the collection of waste
oils, and the federal government is moving to change the tax
structure and legislation which previously hindered the reuse
of lubricating oils.
C-2055-76
REGENERATION OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL
Okamoto, N., M. Muto. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 12,801
Waste oil treatment, Lubricating oil, Reclamation
A process is described for the regeneration of waste lubricating
oil which involves heating with ethylene-diamine, filtering or
centrifuging.and optionally stripping.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84{24):#169344k. 1976]
C-2056-76
THE RECYCLING INDEX
Russell, T.W.F., and M.W. Swartzlander. 1976.
Chemtech January:32-37.
Information systems, Recycling, Waste oil
This index indicates the current technical potential for recycling
a chemical or product. Values for the top 50 U.S. chemicals
(by production) and 40 organic intermediates (by market value)
are listed.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6266. 1976]
RECOVERY? RE-REFINING, AND REUSE OF WASTE OIL AT SAGINAW STERRING
GEAR
Schrader, B.L. 1975.
International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse, 2nd,
Cleveland, 1975. p.67-69.
Recycling, Waste oil, Design and engineering, Skimmers
A simple, effective flotation system for recovering non-emulsified
oil is described which is based on the use of a specially designed
roll skimmer.
[frora Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6259. 1976]
106
-------
C-2058-76
ASTM COMMITTEE D2 AND THE PETROLEUM REREFINING INDUSTRY
Strigner, P.L. 1975.
International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse, 2nd, Cleveland,
1975. p.107-114.
Reclamation, Waste oil, Oil industry, *Testing methods
This paper contains a discussion of simplified testing of re-refined
oils for various purposes. Studies are in progress to evaluate
instrumental methods to replace expensive performance testing.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6261. 1976]
C-2059-76
PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED HYDRAULIC AND LUBRICATING OILS
Two, A.B. 1975.
Lubrication Engineering 31(2):68-71.
Reclamation, Recycling, Waste oil, Lubricating oil
The conservation of crude oil by recycling of used oils is noted; and
the re-refining process, its practicability, and its limitations are
discussed. Properties and testing procedures for re-refined oils are
reviewed, and limitations in the application of such oils are emphasized.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#222. 1976]
C-2060-76
INDUSTRY PAPER FIBER, PLASTICS AND CHEMICALS
Walters, R.K. 1975.
International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse, 2nd, Cleveland,
1975. p.47-53.
Reclamation, Reuse, Waste oil, Lubricating oil
The oil conservation practices being used at Tennessee Eastman Company
are outlined. Purification and reuse are discussed. The main problems
in reusing oil are the determination of contaminants and what additives
are required. Eighty-five percent of lubricating oil can be reclaimed.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6257. 1976]
107
-------
7. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-2061-76
MEDIA AND MEDITERRANEAN PROTECTION (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(3):56.
Pollution prevention, Personnel training, Mediterranean Sea
The United Nations Environment Programme and the International Public
Relations Association held a seminar in Athens last November entitled,
Mediterranean Community: Laboratory for Survival. Four workshops were
held to stimulate public awareness and to improve links between jour-
nalists, public relations professionals, and specialists dealing with
such problems as oil pollution, dumping of chemicals and sewage, and
the like.
C-2062-76
TRAINING SCHOOL IN OIL SPILL TECHNIQUES PROVIDES VALUABLE SERVICE
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(6):109,
Personnel training, Oil spills, Cleanup
A training school for the study of Oil Spill Cleanup techniques was
recently held at Merritt Ship Repair Co., Oakland, California. Sponsored
by Crowley Environmental Services (CES) Corporation, the school covered
various important topics including: recovery devices, oil treating
agents, containment booms, waste removal, and spill prevention. Field
exercises included the use of skimmer devices, booms, storage tanks,
and sorbent materials.
C-2063-76
BLOWOUT PREVENTION IS MISTAKE PREVENTION
Coppes, J., and N.E. Rudd. 1976.
SPE-AIME European Spring Meeting, Amsterdam, 1976.
Preprint no. SPE-5756. lip.
Personnel training, Blowout prevention, Drilling, Oil wells
Although the drilling industry has made important technological advances
in blowout prevention, mistakes in well control continue to occur, partly
because of inadequate training of rig personnel in the use of equipment
and methods. Current training programs are examined and analyzed, and
the need for further development in training methods is stressed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(22):#220,181. 1976]
108
-------
C-2064-76
BLOWOUT CAUSE AND CONTROL: A CASE HISTORY
Taylor, G.E. 1976.
Petroleum Engineering 48(7):82,84.
Blowout prevention, Personnel training, Drilling, Texas
Although causes, prevention, and control of blowouts are periodically
reviewed in drilling company personnel training, personnel caused
blowouts still occur. A case history of a blowout at a drilling
operation in Texas is reviewed, and its cause and control are described.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32):#223,374. 1976]
109
-------
8. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
C-2065-76
OIL SPILL GROUP FORMED (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Pacific Oil World 69(6) :13.
Oil spills, Southern California, OCS
A Southern California Petroleum Contingency Organization (SC-PCO) has
been formed by oil companies which will be operating in the newly leased
Southern California Outer Continental Shelf area. The group will be
responsible for oil spill containment and cleanup should an oil spin
occur.
C-2066-76
OIL SPILL CONTROL. PART 2. COUNTER MEASURES
D'Allesandro, P.L., and C.B. Cobb. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(3) -.145-148.
Oil spills, Cleanup, *Counter measures
Countermeasure activity in case of an oil spill includes four sequential
responses: detection, containment, recovery, and disposal. According
to this study, contingency plans are those procedures activated when
oil reaches navigable water. In practice, however, counter-measures
and contingency plans are often inseparable.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(22) :#220,235. 1976]
P—?f)fi7—76
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Oil and'the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.12-13.
Oil spills, Canada, Oil industry, Guidelines
An Oil Industry Contingency Plans National Co-ordinating Committee has
been established to provide for the coordination of contingency planning
on a national basis. Sponsored by the Petroleum Association for Conser-
vation of the Canadian Environment (PACE), this organization seeks to
improve the quality of oil spill contingency planning, to provide a
single point of industry contact with concerned federal government
departments, and to provide guidelines for the operation of local
petroleum industry oil spill cooperatives.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,965. 1976]
110
-------
9. PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES
C-2068-76
ADDED CARCASS PREVENTS OIL SPILL
Anon. 1975.
Oilman, 13 September 1975. p.8.
Pollution prevention, Containment, Oil spills
Dunlop has developed a floating hose with a secondary carcass capable
of withstanding pressures well over 100-150 psi, which are the standard
pumping pressures. According to Dunlop, use of the double carcass hose
will prevent oil spills and contain oil if the primary hose fails.
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(4):#2359. 1976]
C-2069-76
CAMERON TYPE "U" BLOWOUT PREVENTERS (product information)
Anon.
Cameron Iron Works, Inc., P.O. Box 1212, Houston, TX 77001
Blowout prevention, Drilling, Offshore drilling, Design and engineering
The Cameron Type "U" Blowout preventer is designed for onshore as well
as marine oil well drilling operations. The rated continuous working
pressure for these units is 1500 psi (105 kg/cm2), but the units are
designed to function at pressures as low as 300 psi (21 kg/cm^) and as
high as 5000 psi (350 kg/cm2). The company also furnishes complete
blowout preventer stacks and other drilling-related equipment.
C-2070-76
PLASTIC LINING GIVES WARNING OF TANK LEAKS
Anon. 1974.
Petroleum International 14(6):51.
Pollution prevention, Leakage, Oil spills, Oil tanks
Accidental oil leakage or spillage from storage tanks can be prevented
by the new Lystek GRP technique. The technique involves coating the
tank base and surrounding area with an impermeable membrane made from
glass fibres and polyester resin which is then covered with sand and
aggregate. Leaks or spills are easily detected and are contained
without causing pollution.
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(4):#2403. 1976]
111
-------
C-2071-76
EXPLANATION OF SHALLOW BLOWOUTS AND LOST TIME INCIDENTS WITH SOME
RECOMMENDATIONS
Baird, R.W. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Preprint no. OTC-
2610. Vol. 2. p.925-941.
Blowout prevention, Offshore drilling
Causes of major blowouts in drilling in the marine environment are
reviewed with recent case histories given as examples. In each case,
the blowout could have been avoided with prior knowledge of the hazard
involved. Recommendations include modification of drilling plans by
drilling engineers to compensate for potential hazards.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):220,744. 1976]
C-2072-76
PROTECTION METHOD
Barrett, J.E. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,940,940
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Oil tanks, Leakage
Ground surfaces are protected from spilled oil in storage tank areas
by covering the ground with a sheet treated with fiber-reinforced
polyester resin. The cured polyester resin sheet protrudes beyond
the storage tanks so that leakage from the tank can collect on the
sheet.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(27):#221,555. 1976]
The
3.940,940
PROTECTION METHOD
Barrett, Twickenham, Eaftand, itripur to
ctrafera Ctmftmy United, LradM. E*f hud
. N*. 3S6,t2l, AHf. 8, 1973.
Tfcb i»pHcatlo» N**. I, 1974. Ser. N*. 520,093
1972,37714/72
M. CL* MSG 5/00. B*5D 25/00
U.S.CL4I-1R
13
112
-------
C-2073-76
DEALING WITH INLAND SPILLS
Bonsor, J. 1976.
Pollution Monitor No. 29:19.
Oil spills, Inland, Pollution prevention, Legislation
"The growing danger of inland oil spills, and the present situation
regarding prevention and control are outlined. The author advocates
the establishment of an inland advisory and research department, which
would correspond to the marine oil pollution division of Warren Spring
Laboratory, tighter legislation on the reporting of spills, and fines
for oil spill offences which should be graduated to encourage preventive
measures, such as the stocking of absorbent materials and retaining
booms."
[from WRC Information 3(17) :#76-1282S. 1976]
C-2074-76
EFFORTS MADE BY THE OIL COMPANIES TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT IN
HYDROCARBON STORAGE DEPOSITS [English summary]
Chirac, M. 1975.
Revue de 1 'Association Francaise des Techniques du Petrole, No. 234.
p. 69-72.
Environmental protection, Inland, France, Containment, Cleanup, Oil
spills
Efforts by eight French oil companies to protect the inland environment
from oil pollution are detailed. Of their investment since 1972 of
over 80 million francs, about 20% is for containment of accidental
spills, about 60% for special sealing of containment dikes, and 20%
for collection, separation and treatment of polluted water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(23) :#220, 480. 1976]
r — \
QUICK LATCHING DRILL PIPE BLOWOUT PREVENTER AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF
Coone, M.G. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,958,642
Blowout prevention, Oil wells, Design and engineering, Drilling
A blowout preventer is described which is quickly and sealably latchable
to the upper tool joint of the drill string in the event of a well
blowout. The basic elements of the apparatus are enumerated, and a
method for containing well and drilling fluids using this blowout
preventer is described.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33) :#223, 659. 1976]
(Patent illustration on the following page)
113
-------
3,958,642
QUICK LATCHING DRILL PIPE BLOWOUT PREVENTER
AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF
Mafcaha G. CMBC, Hootm, Twu, ••franr to Lyaes, lac.,
FBed Sept. X 1975, Ser. No. M9,M«
tat CL* E21B 79/00. 43/00
VS. CL ltt-315
C-2076-76
ELECTRONIC FLUID PIPELINE LEAK DETECTOR AND METHOD
Covington, M.T., and S.M. Griffin. 1974.
U.S. Patent Application B 530,709
Pipelines, Leakage, Pollution prevention, Design and engineering
An electronic pipeline leak detector is described which monitors
pipeline pressure and/or fluid flow rates. Changes in the rates of
flow or pressure over a predetermined period of time activate alarm
systems and/or pipeline closure valves.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(31):#222,928. 1976]
C-2077-76
MANUAL ON THE AVOIDANCE OF POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY OIL
Department of Trade. 1974.
London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1974. 28p. (Fourth edition).
Manuals, Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Leakage, Oil discharges,
Legislation
"This revised manual on avoidance of pollution of the sea by oil concen-
trates on deliberate and careless discharges. The law on the deliberate
discharge of oil, which has recently been strengthened, is summarized.
Other sections deal with the prevention of spillages, leakages and
accidental discharges, and the procedure should a spillage occur into
114
-------
dock or harbour waters; the disposal of oil-contaminated water and
oil residues; and the keeping of records of oil landing, transfer,
discharge, and disposal of oily ballast, bilges, etc., with require-
ments for records inspection."
[from WRC Information 3(12) :#76-947S. 1976]
C-2078-76
COUNTERMEASURES TO CONTROL OIL SPILLS IN WESTERN CANADA
Hall, P.L. 1976.
Ground Water 14(3):163-170.
Oil spills, Groundwater, Canada, Legislation, Manuals, Oil industry,
Pollution prevention
Governments and industries in Western Canada are expressing an increasing
concern over groundwater pollution from hydrocarbons. New legislation on
handling of refined oil products is being developed in Manitoba anda series
of oil spill manuals which describe procedures for controlling leaks
and spills of oil products is being prepared by the petroleum industry.
Emphasis is being placed on education and prevention.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,975. 1976]
C-2079-76
BLOWOUT-PREVENTERS FOR UNDERWATER DRILLING
Meynier, M.J. 1974.
Erdoel und Erdgas Zeitschrift 90(12):463-466.
Blowout prevention, Offshore drilling, Design and engineering
"The development of blowout preventers for offshore applications in the
past 25 years is reviewed, the current situation is disscussed andpossible
future requirements are indicated."
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(4):#2335. 1976]
C-2080-76
OIL AND GAS WELL DISASTER VALVE CONTROL SYSTEM
Parker, W.H. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,961,308
Blowout prevention, Oil wells, Pollution prevention, Design and engineering
A disaster valve for shutting off an oil well in case of a blowout is
described The valve is controlled by a signal transmitted through the
walls of tubing extending down into the well. If the signal disappears,
the valve shuts.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(37) :#224,717. 1976]
(Patent illustration on the following page)
115
-------
3,961,308
OIL AND GAS WELL DISASTER VALVE CONTROL
SYSTEM
WiM«n H. Parker, Hunt. Tex., tsxif(»or to Del Norte Technol-
ogy, Inc., Eulcss, Tex.
Fifed Oct. 2, 1972, Ser. No. 294,2*9
lul. C1.« GOIV 1/14; E21B 35IOO
VS. CL 340-18 NO 7 Claims
C-2081-76
CATHODIC PROTECTION WELLS AND GROUND-WATER POLLUTION
Ritchie, E.A. 1976.
Ground Water 14(3):146-149.
Pollution prevention, Groundwater, Pipelines, *Corrosion
Cathodic protection is a technique used to prevent or minimize electro-
lytic corrosion of pipelines, tanks, etc., by redirecting the current
to a substitution anode which then deteriorates instead of the pipeline.
Development of the vertical deep anode cathodic protection well is
discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#222,049. 1976]
C-2082-76
BLOWOUT PREVENTER LOCKING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Roberts, E.L. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,941,141
Blowout prevention, Design and engineering, Drilling
Details of a locking apparatus for a ram-type blowout preventer are
presented, and a method for operating the ram-type blowout preventer
is described.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(25):#220,747. 1976]
3.941.141
BLOWOUT PREVENTER LOCKING APPARATUS AND
METHOD
EaUk U Robert, 9722 Gabtoa, Sprite. Tex. 77373
FM May 3. 1974, Ser. No. 4M.S4*
lit. CL' E21B 33/06
U-S.CLI37-I 2ICW»»
116
-------
C-2083-76
PREVENTION OF OIL POLLUTION IN TIDAL ESTUARIES
Sallabanks, L.6.A., and T.P. Kavanagh. 1976.
Water and Waste Treatment 19(2):10.
Pollution prevention, Oil-water separation, Ballast, Tankers, Estuaries,
UK, North Sea
Methods of preventing oil pollution and separating oil from water are
discussed with reference to North Sea oil and the United Kingdom.
Ballast water discharge from tankers in and around estuaries is reviewed
and possible prevention methods are suggested.
C-2084-76
ANNULAR TYPE BLOWOUT PREVENTER
Williams, B.C. 1975.
U.S. Patent Application B 541,710
Blowout prevention, Design and engineering, Drilling
"An annular blowout preventer is described wherein a number of flexible
bands is arranged about the packer within the recess about the bore
through the preventer housing. Means are provided for moving the bands
toward and away from the bore so as to selectively contract the packer
into sealing engagement about an object in the bore or upon itself
when the bore is empty or permit the packer to expand into the recess."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 10(25):#220,746. 1976]
117
-------
C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-2085-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
BioScience 26(6):418.
Biological effects, Marine mammals, Birds, Arctic, Alaska, *Walrus
NOAA has awarded a new contract to Johns Hopkins University's Dept. of
Pathobiology to study the possible effects of oil pollution on the Arctic
walrus. Xemote sensing techniques will be used to track and monitor
walrus activities. Another grant has been awarded to the University of
Wisconsin to study the environmental impacts of oil activities on some
40 species of birds in the Pribilof Islands area, with emphasis on
herring gulls as environmental indicators.
C-2c,o-76
EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND SELECTED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE OSMOTIC
AND CHLORIDE REGULATION OF THE AMERICAN OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA
Anderson, R.D., and J.W. Anderson. 1975.
Physiological Zoology 48(4):420-430.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Mollusks, *0ysters, *0smoregu-
lation
Oysters were examined for their ability to osmoregulate after transfer
to different salinities and exposure to aqueous dispersions of No. 2
fuel oil and Louisiana Crude. The oils were found to have few, if any,
nonreversible or long term effects on osmoregulation and chloride
regulation in the oysters.
C-2087-76
ON THE INTERACTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND LIGHT UITH
REGARD TO SYNCAn.CINOGENIC EFrECTS [English summary]
Bauer, L., W. §raef. 1976.
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektions-krankheiten
und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B 161(4):304-316.
Toxicity, PAH, Carcinogens, *Phototoxicity
The phototoxicity of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons upon
illuminated cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis was experimentally
determined. None of the hydrocarbons studied produced toxic effects
in the non-illuminated control cultures at concentrations < 200 ppb.
Under illumination, however, carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene was toxic
even in dilutions of 2 ppb.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(25):#174884s. 1976]
118
-------
C-2088-76
AN OIL SPILL IN AN ALPINE HABITAT
Belsky, J. 1975.
Northwest Science 49(3):141-146.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Plants, Washington, *Alpine habitat
Results of a study to assess the vegetation of damage caused by a
spill of 26,500 1 (7,000 gal) of diesel fuel into an alpine meadow
near Mt. Baker, Washington, are presented. Most herbaceous plants
in the Carex nigricans and Phvllodoce empetriformis-Cassiope mertensiana
associations were killed; woody species were severely damaged but survived
the effects of the spill. The root systems of the plants escaped major
damage.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(10):#2404. 1976]
C-2089-76
SURVEY OF MARINE COMMUNITIES IN PANAMA AND EXPERIMENTS WITH OIL
Birkeland, C., A.A. Reimer, and J.R. Young. 1976.
Final report EPA/600/3-76/028. 191p.
Biological effects, Marine organisms, Fuel oil, *Panama
The effects of oil pollution on tropical marine communities on the
coasts of Panama were tested in controlled experiments using Bunker
C and diesel oils. Baseline surveys were conducted.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(16) :#PB-253409/7GA. 1976]
CHANGES OF THE PARAFFINIC AND NAPHTHENIC HYDROCARBON AS WELL AS THE
3,4-BENZOPYRENE CONTENT IN MUSSELS FROM A COASTAL ZONE POLLUTED BY A
FUEL SPILL [in French]
Bories, G., J. Tullies, J.C. Peltier, and R. Fleckinger. 1976.
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de TAcademie des Sciences,
Serie D. 282(17):1641-1644.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Mollusks, hydrocarbon metabolism,
*Mussels
"Mussels (Mytilus edulis) were heavily contaminated by paraffin and
naphthene hydr^rbo^FTollowing a fuel spill. Saturated acyclic
hydrocarbons were metabolized more rapidly than other types of hydro-
carbons. 3,4 Benzopyrene was detected in the mussels up to 11 days
after the pollution."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(5):#29237y. 1976]
119
-------
C-2091-76
THE LOSS OF ELECTROLYTES FROM LEAVES TREATED WITH HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
DERIVATIVES
Boyles, D.T. 1976.
Annals of Applied Biology 83(1):103-113.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Plants, *Electrolyte loss
The phytotoxicity of members of a homologous series of hydrocarbons
and their oil-soluble derivatives was determined by measuring the loss
of electrolytes from the leaves of various plants treated with these
compounds. In general, the loss of electrolytes was found to increase
with increasing hydrocarbon chain length. The effects of dilution,
amount of polarity, and viscosity on the toxicity of these hydrocarbons
is discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(25):#174750u. 1976]
C-2092-76
HYDROCARBON METABOLISM IN THE INTERTIDAL FIDDLER CRAB UCA PUGNAX
Burns, K.A. 1976.
Marine Biology 36(1):5-12.
Biodegradation, Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Crustaceans, *Uca
pugnax
The fiddler crab Uca pugnax was examined for its ability to utilize
hydrocarbons, particularly those derived from petroleum pollution.
It was found that, unlike fish and many other organisms, these crusta-
ceans metabolize contaminant hydrocarbons at very slow rates. Chemical
analyses indicated that their metabolism is not sufficiently rapid to
oxidize the hydrocarbons within their life spans, and this fact in part
accounts for their great sensitivity to oil pollution.
C-2093-76
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF MARINE
BACTERIA IN BATCH CULTURE
Calder, J.A., and J.H. Lader. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32(1) :95-101.
Biological effects, Bacteria, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Micro-
organisms
The growth rate and maximum cell density of marine bacteria in batch
cultures was found to decrease with increasing concentrations of
dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicity levels were observed to
increase inversely with solubility, and partial oxidation of naphthalene
caused complete cessation of growth at high concentrations.
120
-------
C-2094-76
SOME DISSENTING REMARKS ON DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF COREXIT 9527 ON
FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Canevari, G.P., and G.P. Lindblom. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(7):127-128.
Toxicity, Dispersants, Crude oil, *Corexit 9527
The relevancy of laboratory toxicity studies of a chemical oil dispersant
is disputed. Laboratory concentrations of the dispersant are not
representative of the usual marine environment and there is no evidence
to support the belief that chemical dispersants preferentially release
toxic substances from the crude oil.
C-2095-76
MARINE POLLUTION BY MINERAL OILS
Caspers, H. (ed.). 1975.
Pollution In Coastal Waters. Germany, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,
1975. p.103-107.
Toxicity, Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Fishes, Plankton, Algae
Current advances in oil pollution research are highlighted. Toxicity
tests on fish, plankton, and algae using various techniques including
gas chromatography are reported.
C-2096-76
EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON BREEDING GREY SEALS
Davis, J.E., and S.S. Anderson. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6):115-118.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Marine mammals, Wales, *Grey seals
Oil stranded on the shores of West Wales in September, 1974, coincided
with the start of the Grey Seal breeding season. The effects of the
oil pollution on the growth rate, survival, and behavior of seal pups
and their mothers were studied over a period of several weeks. In
general, the oil pollution appeared to have few adverse effects on the
growth and behavior of the nine oiled pups that were studied; however,
two pups were so heavily encased by oil that they could not swim and
drowned.
USA CCREL OIL RESEARCH IN
C-2097-76
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TERRESTRIAL OIL SPILLS.
ALASKA, 1970-1974 1Q7C
Deneke, F.J., B.H. McCown, P.I. Coyne, W. Rickard, and J Brown. 1975.
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Report 346. vn + 66p.
Oil spills, Natural seepage, Arctic, Biological effects, Plants,
Restoration, Alaska
121
-------
Biological effects of petroleum products upon arctic and subarctic
terrestrial plant communities were studied in order to define the
most sensitive ecosystems, quantify and understand injury responses,
and establigh time frames for recovery and restoration. To accomplish
these objectives, surveys of natural seepages and past accidental
spills from pipelines and other sources, experimental spills, and
laboratory studies were conducted. Results indicate that all plant
communities are injured but to varying degrees. Severity of damage
is greatest when root systems are saturated. Rates of recovery vary
with season and soil moisture content, and recovery can be aided by
the use of fertilizers that stimulate plant growth and microbial
degradation of oil.
C-2098-76
EFFECTS OF WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF CRUDE OIL ON THE FECUNDITY OF
THE COPEPOD TIGRIOPUS JAPONICUS
Finney, C., and A. D'Agostino. 1976.
U.S. National Bureau of Standards Material Resources Symposium, 8th,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1976. p.63. Abstract.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Crustaceans, *Fecundity, *Copepods
Because harpacticoid copepods of the genus Tigriopus are ubiquitous
in the intertidal zone, a habitat especially sensitive to oil spills,
their reaction to water soluble components of oil were experimentally
determined. Very dilute sublethal concentrations of water soluble
oil extracts were found to result in increased fecundity of the
copepods.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33) :#223,746. 1976]
C-2099-76
TOXIC EFFECTS OF OIL DISCHARGED FROM SHIPS
Frankenfeld, J.W., J.J. Elliot, R.E. Bentley, and B.H. Sleight, III.
1975.
Final report, USCG-D-16-76, Contract DOT-CG-51073-A. 142p.
Toxicity, Fishes, Crustaceans, Petrochemicals, Oil discharges
Selected petroleum products were studied to determine their dissolution
properties in water. Toxicity tests were conducted on two fish and a
brine shrimp using dissolved and dispersed oils in water. The results
are critically reviewed and contrasted.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#AD-A022 902/1GA. 1976]
122
-------
C-2100-76
CHEMICALLY INDUCED LESIONS IN ESTUARINE OR MARINE TELEOSTS
Gardner, G.R. 1975.
The Pathology of Fishes. W.E. Ribelin and G. Migaki (eds.).
University of Wisconsin Press, 1975. p.657-693.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fishes, *Teleosts
Toxicity tests were conducted on certain marine teleosts using cadmium,
copper, mercury, silver, zinc and methoxychlor, and crude oil. The
crude oil produced lesions in the olfactory organs of Menidia menidia.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(9) :#W76-04045. 1976]
C-2101-76
SPENT MOTOR OIL EFFECTS ON SOIL AND CROPS
Giddens, J. 1976.
Journal of Environmental Quality 5(2):179-181.
Biological effects, Waste oil, Crankcase oil, Soil, Plants
Used crankcase oil was experimentally applied to soil at rates of up
to about 31,000 1/ha. in order to determine its effects on soil and
plant growth. Peanuts, cotton, soybeans and corn grew and developed
successfully on oil-treated soil when amply fertilized, but growth of
sorghum and weeds was inhibited by high oil rates. Phosphorus,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, and lead content of corn was the same
in oil-treated and control plots; control plants contained more
nitrogen and manganese.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(l):#906e. 1976]
P oi no_7 f.
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE MACKENZIE
VALLEY NEAR NORMAN WELLS, N.W.T. . .
Hellebust, J.A., B. Hanna, M.S. Gergis, and T.C. Hutchinson. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.59-61.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Pipelines, Canada, Plants, Phytoplankton
The title study is a part of a larger program supported by the Department
of Indian and Northern Affairs to evalute potential environmental effects
of crude oil spills from a proposed pipeline along the Mackenzie Valley
and flood plain. Assessment of the effects of crude oil on freshwater
phytoplankton and higher aquatic plants along this route is considered
significant.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,971. 1976]
123
-------
C-2103-76
EFFECT OF FOUR OILS ON COASTAL MARINE MICROBIAL POPULATIONS: A CONTROLLED
ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION EXPERIMENT
Hodson, R.E., F. Azam and R.F. Lee. 1975.
Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment (CEPEX). Washington, D.C.,
National Science Foundation, 1975. 18 p. Annual Report to the Office
of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration, National Science
Foundation.
Biological effects, Microorganisms. Crude oil, Fuel oil, Coasts, Canada
The effects of Louisiana and Kuwait crudes, No. 2, and Bunker-C fuel
oils on heterotrophic uptake and mineralization of D-glucose by micro-
bial populations from Saanich Inlet, Canada, were examined. All oils
inhibited uptake and mineralization, with the two processed oils being
more toxic than the crude oils. Populations did not acquire tolerance
to oil after one month's exposure.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3) :#6Q3266. 1976]
C-2104-76
INTERACTIONS OF CRUDE OIL AND ARCTIC MICROBIAL POPULATIONS IN OPEN
CHEMOSTATS
Horowitz, A., and R.M. Atlas. 1976.
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 76th, Atlantic
City, 1976. p.!94:#Q21. Abstract.
Crude oil, Microorganisms, Arctic, Monitoring
Petroleum and arctic microbial populations were studied in open-flow
chemostats. Microbial populations underlying oil slicks were large
and showed sinusoidal fluctuations; whereas the unoiled control
chemostats showed a constant mesophilic population that was much
lower than the experimental group. Phosphorus and nitrogen additions
to the oil showed an increase in population of one order of magnitude
over the control group within 10 days.
~Jf.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF A SIMULATED OIL SPILL ON ARCTIC
TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION
Hutchinson, T.C. 1973. Ma^uaw
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 62-64.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Plants, Canada, Arctic
A variety of techniques was used to record the vegetation present before
and after simulated oil spills were made in the region of black spruce
taiga and muskeg near Norman Wells, N.W.T. (July 1972 and March 1973).
124
-------
As a result of the spill, it was found that the foliage of many species
was killed within a few days. The overall cover and species diversity
per unit area were reduced.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#22l,972.
1976]
C-2106-76
A REGIONAL OIL IMPACT STUDY IN PUGET SOUND, STATE OF WASHINGTON
Jamison, D.W. 1975.
Pacific Science Congress, 13th,
Columbia, 1975. Vol. 1. p.34.
1975. Vancouver,
Abstract.
University of British
Biological
management:
effects, Oil
Washington
spills, Information systems, Resource
The impact of oil pollution on Washington's Significant Biological
Resources is being investigated. The data will be used to assess any
damage resulting from an oil spill and to evaluate oil routes, terminal s;
and drilling sites. A computerized literature retrieval system will be
employed to develop habitat, oil impact, and species fact sheets.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(4):#76-03556. 1976]
C-2107-76
INFLUENCE OF ILLUMINATION ON PHYTOTOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL
Lacaze, J.C., and 0. Villedon de NaVde. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):73-76.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Phytoplankton, Algae, *Photooxidation
After discharge at the water surface, crude oil is rapidly modified by
biological and physico-chemical processes such as photo-oxidation.
The phytotoxicity of photo-oxidized crude oil to certain microalgae
and marine plankton communities was determined by the experimental
illumination of fresh, weathered, and chemically dispersed crude oil
samples. The toxicity of crude oil extracts increased two to three-
fold when the oil was first illuminated at sufficient intensity and
duration. The addition of a chemical dispersant such as Corexit 8666
was found to increase the toxicity of the extracts by a factor of about
30.
C 91HR—7fi
ANALYTICAL APPROACH IN THE EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE RESULTING
FROM SPILLED OIL
LaRoche, G. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973. Washington
D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p.346-374.
Biological effects, Chemical effects, Crude oil, Fishes
125
-------
The study calls for sensitive interdisciplinary evaluation of biological
damage resulting from exposure to oil pollutants. In this study, fish
exposed to low doses of crude oil or crude oil fractions showed evidence
of chemoreceptor and olfactory system damage which would prevent their
finding food, escaping predators, or performing normal reproductive
functions.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05153. 1976]
C-2109-76
EFFECTS OF OIL ON THE AMPHIPOD GAMMARUS OCEAN1CUS
Linden, 0. 1976.
Environmental Pollution 10(4):239-250.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Crustaceans, *Amphipod
The effects of one crude and two refined oils were studied under various
conditions on larvae and adults of the amphipod Gammarus oceanicus.
Larvae were found to be more sensitive to the oils than the adults when
toxicity and bioassay tests were run. The adults showed impaired
swimming and light reaction, a decreased tendency to precopulate, and
a decreased rate in larvae production.
C-2110-76
DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF COREXIT 9527 ON FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Lttnning, S., and B.E. Hagstrttm. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(7):124-126.
Biological effects, Toxicity, Dispersants, Fishes, Invertebrates,
*Corexit 9527
The effects of Corexit 9527, a water soluble oil dispersant, were studied
in larvae of several species of sea urchins and marine fishes. Retard-
ation in the rate of sea urchin fertilization and cell differentiation
resulted in abnormal larvae. The results of fish studies corroborated
data obtained in the sea urchin experiments.
C-2111-76
THE EFFECTS OF AN OIL SPILL ON THE MACROINVERTEBRATES AND FISH IN A
SMALL SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA CREEK
Masnik, M.T., J.R. Stauffer, C.H. Hocutt, and J.H. Wilson. 1976.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A All(4-5):281-296.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Freshwater, Benthos, Fish, Birds, Virginia
Although a fuel oil spill in a small Virginia creek resulted in minimal
mortality to benthos and fish, the mortality of waterfowl and water
snakes was relatively high. Fish showed no significant decreases
126
-------
in number of taxa or specimens collected at the site of the spill for
the duration of the survey. A revaluation of the use of straw oil
containment booms is urged because oil leaching from the straw could
cause detrimental effects over a period of time.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(8):41777g. 1976]
C-2112-76
THE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ON THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
OF PLATICHTHYS FLESUS LUSCUS PALLAS [English summary]
Mazmanidi, N.D., and T.R. Bazhashvili. 1975.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 11(5):56-61.
Biological effects, Toxicity, Petrochemicals, Fishes
The effect of different concentrations of petroleum products upon the
rate of heart beat, survival, pigment cell configuration, and percentage
of abnormalities at various stages of egg development were studied under
laboratory conditions. A concentration of 0.025 mg/1 was found to be
non-toxic; whereas concentrations of 1.7-2.5 mg/1 impededed or slowed
hatching.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3):#6Q3293. 1976]
C-2113-76
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AN OFFSHORE OIL SPILL
McAuliffe, C.D. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973. Washington,
D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p.223a-279.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Environmental effects
The environmental impact of oil spills, with emphasis on their biological
effects, is discussed. Parameters such as volume and duration of spill,
physical and chemical properties of various petroleum products, water
temperature, and wind, wave and current conditions are considered.
C-2114-76
EFFECT OF SEA POLLUTION (PETROLEUM, DDT, DETERGENTS) ON SEA FLORA
[in Polish]
Mowszowicz, J. 1976.
Kosmos (Warsaw) Seria A 25 (1):39-46.
Biological effects, Contaminants, Plants, Oceans
"A review with 8 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(7):#41571k. 1976]
127
-------
C-2115-76
OIL POLLUTION AND MARINE ECOLOGY IN THE SOUTH-WEST
Nelson-Smith, A. 1975.
Proceedings of the Challenger Society 4(6):267.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Marine organisms, UK
A decline in the number of topshells, changes in barnacle dominance,
and reduced numbers of Littorina neritoides are probably due to oil
pollution on the south-east coasts. Other faunal changes are described
in relation to the type of oil spilled.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3) :#6Q3309. 1976]
C-2116-76
OIL AND ARCTIC MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Percy, J.A. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.71-74.
Toxicity, Marine organisms, Invertebrates, Arctic, Canada
Acute and chronic toxicity determinations are being conducted in order
to detect the direct effects of oil on marine estuarine fauna of the
west Arctic. Effects of sublethal concentrations of both emulsified
oil-and seawater soluble components on feeding, growth, and metabolism
of selected species are being studied. Research will initially
concentrate on adults of benthic species; emphasis will then shift
to planktonic and larval forms.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,989. 1976]
C-2117-76
ARROW SPILL IS EVIDENT AT CHEDABUCTO (news brief)
Porteous, J. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(4):13A.
Biological effects, Environmental effects, Oil spills, Chedabucto Bay,
Restoration
The long term biological and environmental effects of an oil spill at
Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, are discussed. In six years since the
tanker Arrow went aground and spilled 9.5 million liters (2.5 million
gallons), the marine system has recovered fully except for the benthos
Further studies of marine fauna and flora are being conducted in an
effort to assess the overall impact of a large oil spill.
128
-------
LITTER AND OIL ON THE SHORES OF UTSIRA, ROGALAND COUNTY, DURING AUTUMN
1974 [English summary]
Ree, V. 1975.
Fauna (Oslo) 28(4):185-191.
Birds, Shoreline, Norway, Biological effects, Offshore drilling,
North Sea
During an ornithological survey of the shores of Utsira, Norway, a
number of oiled seabirds was observed: Somateria mollissima. Uria
aalge, Alca torda, Plotus alle, Sula bassana, Larus argentatus, and
L_. ridibundujL- Pollution on Norway's coast is getting worse.
Utsira is one of the areas that will be affected first in the event
of an oil spill in the North Sea.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(11) :#63305. 1976]
C-2119-76
TOXICITY OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND SOUTH
LOUISIANA CRUDE OIL TO SELECTED STAGES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE
POLYCHAETE, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S.S., and J.W. Anderson. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(l):18-24.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Annelids, *Polychaete
worms
Water soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel oil and South Louisiana crude
oil were tested for their toxicity to four juvenile stages and the
adult stage of the polychaete worm, Neanthes arenaceodentata. _In
general, fuel oil-derived solubles are more toxic to the organisms
which is attributed to the relatively high concentration of naphtha-
lenes in the fuel oil. Very young stages of the Neanthes life cycle
exhibit the greatest tolerance to solubles from both oils, and young
adult stages appear to be most susceptible to oil spills or other
sources of water-soluble hydrocarbons.
C-2120-76
MARINE POLLUTION FROM VESSELS
Sandbrook, R., and A. Yurchyshyn. 1975. , .
Critical Environmental Issues on the Law of the Sea. R.E. Stein (ed ).
Washington, D.C., International Institute for Environment and Develop-
ment, 1975.
Ships, Tankers, *0il pollution
This paper focuses on oil pollution as the main form of vessel-source
pollution and discusses the related problems.
129
-------
C-2121-76
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYPOTHETICAL OIL SPILLS OCCURRING
IN THE NEARSHORE WATERS OF LONG ISLAND'S SOUTH SHORE
Schrader, B.P., S.F. Moore, B.B. Ackerman, A.D. Long, and L.H.
Tower. 1974.
Marine Resources Council, Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning
Board, NY. 217p.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Habitats, New York
Four main parts are included in this study: (1) description of
the environment in terms of habitats, (2) analysis of population
level responses to oil, especially recovery rates of specific
species, (3) analysis of the response of entire habitats to oils,
and (4) predictions of the biological effects of hypothetical
oil spills.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q4349. 1976]
C-2122-76
RESPONSE OF MICROORGANISMS IN ARCTIC TUNDRA SOILS TO APPLICATION
OF CRUDE OIL
Sexstone, A.J., C. Winter, and R.M. Atlas. 1976.
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 76th,
Atlantic City, 1976. p.!94:#Q22. Abstract.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Microorganisms, Soil, Arctic
Prudhoe crude oil was applied to four distinct Arctic tundra soils
and variations in microbial populations were measured. Changes in
mesophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms paralled the changes
in total microbial numbers and showed the greatest increases in
basin and high-center polygon soils. Changes in subsurface micro-
bial populations were less pronounced than in surface soils. The
oil showed downward migration in high-center top and low-center
rim soil, but fluctuated in basin and trough soils. Oiled soils
did not show significant changes in nitrogen fixation or respiration.
R-2123-76
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM, LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE TO OIL
Smith, A.N. 1975.
Petroleum and the Continenetal Shelf of North West Europe. H.A.
Cole (ed.). Barking, United Kingdom, Applied Science Publishers,
1975. Vol. 2. Environmental Protection, p.105-114.
Biological effects, Contamination, Health hazards, Source
identification, Bibliographies
The incidence and sources of low-level oil pollution are reviewed.
The biological effects, disturbance of ecosystem, and hazards to
humans are discussed. An extensive bibliography is included.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(1):#76-1514. 1976]
130
-------
C-2124-76
OIL AND THE CANADIAN ENVIRONMENT
Snow, N.B. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and VI. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.80.
Oil spills, Freshwater, Biological effects, Benthos, Phytoplankton,
Microorganisms, Restoration
In a project conducted by the Freshwater Institute, Fisheries Research
Board, two oil spills were carried out in a creek in the Northern
Yukon and a small lake in the Mackenzie Delta. The immediate effect
of the oil upon zoobenthic organisms, primary productivity by phyto-
plankton, and microbial populations was monitored along with physical
and chemical properties. Both sites have been monitored to estimate
rate and nature of their recovery.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,991. 1976]
T-71?^—7fi
TOXICITY OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL TO COON STRIPE SHRIMP
Vanderhorst, J.R., C.I. Gibson, and L.J. Moore. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6)-.106-108.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Crustaceans, *Shrimp
"Bioassay of a No. 2 fuel oil dispersion with shrimp in a continuous
flow system using measured waterborne oil as the indicator of oil
concentrations reveals a treatment more definable than those previously
described in terms of volume ratios and produces lower lethal concen-
trations. Shrimp 96-h LCso was 0.8 mg/1 in this study as compared to
values from 1.5 to 50 mg/1 reported for other methods. Mean concen-
trations in tests do not give significant differences in concentration
with respect to day of the test or spatial distribution in the exposure
tanks."
C-2126-76
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM AND HYDROCARBONS ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY A MARINE
PSEUDOMONAS
Walker, J.D. 1976.
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 76th, Atlantic
City, 1976. p.!75:#N33. Abstract.
Crude oil, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Biological effects, Bacteria
Crude oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanes were examined at different
concentrations in duplicate culture for their ability to effect uptake
and mineralization of 14C-U-glucose by Pseudomonas bathycetes. At low
concentrations of these compounds a lag phase of 3 to 8 days was
observed prior to C02 evolution; at high concentrations complete
inhibition of glucose uptake and mineralization was observed.
131
-------
C-2127-76
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OIL EXPOSURE
Wardley-Smith, J. 1975.
Geological Society of London Conference on Petroleum and the
Continental Shelf of Northwest Europe, London, 1975. p.65-113.
Biological effects, Environmental effects, Oil spills, Fisheries,
Birds, Cleanup
The short and long-term effects of oil on fisheries, shore life,
birds, and the tourist industry are discussed. Cleanup procedures
on different types of shores vary widely; the overall effects of oil
on fauna diversity and abundance require monitoring.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(5):#76-03550. 1976]
C-2128-76
EFFECTS OF OIL DISPERSANTS ON THE DEVELOPING EMBRYOS OF MARINE FISH
Wilson, K.W. 1976.
Marine Biology 36(3):259-268.
Biological effects, Dispersants, Fishes, *Embryonic development
The oil dispersants BP 1002, Finasol ESK, and Corexit 7664 were tested
for their effects on the development of herring, Clupea harengus L.;
plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.; and sole, Solea solea (L.). Corexit
produced no demonstrable adverse effects on embryonic development at
concentrations up to 5000 ppm; the other dispersants resulted in
abnormalities in cell division, differentiation, and larval development
at concentrations of 5 to 10 ppm.
C-2129-76
WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF FOUR FUEL OILS: CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
AND EFFECTS ON GROWTH OF MICROALGAE
Winters, K, R. O'Donnell, J.C. Batterton, and C. Van Baalen. 1976.
Marine Biology 36(3):269-276.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Microorganisms, Algae
The toxicity to six types of microalgae of persistent aromatic compounds
present in the water soluble fractions of four different fuel oils was
compared. The microalgae varied greatly in their response to a given
fuel oil type. However, some fuel oils such as Baytown (Texas) or New
Jersey were generally more environmentally damaging than others, either
by causing selective or enrichment effects on natural populations or by
effecting a decrease in total primary production.
132
-------
C-2130-76
EFFECTS OF A SPILL OF MARINE DIESEL OIL ON THE MEIOFAUNA OF A SANDY
BEACH AT PICNIC BAY, HONG KONG
Wormald, A.P. 1976.
Environmental Pollution 11(2):117-130.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Beaches, Invertebrates, China,
Restoration, *Meiofauna
The recovery of the meiofauna of littoral sandy beaches in Picnic Bay,
Hong Kong was monitored for over 14 months after an oil spill occurred.
Nematodes were the first to reappear, but harpacticoids did not return
for 8 months. After 11 months normal populations were established;
after 14 months larger meiofauna populations were observed.
C-2131-76
PRODUCTION OF EMULSIFYING AGENTS BY BACTERIA AND FUNGI
Zajic, J.E., and C.J. Panchal. 1976.
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 76th, Atlantic
City, 1976. p.!83:#018. Abstract.
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Emulsifiers
Three bacterial species isolated from different sources released
lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifying agents into the medium when
grown on hydrocarbon substrates. The emulsifiers obtained in crude
form compare favorably with those of some synthetic emulsifiers.
133
-------
2. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-2132-76
EPA: ANTIPOLLUTION PLANT $5.9 BILLION BY 1983 (news brief)
Anon. 1976
Oil and Gas Journal 74(24):49.
Economic effects, Oil industry, Cleanup, Regulations, Pollution
prevention
Between 1974 and 1983 the petroleum industry will have to invest
about $5.9 billion and spend about $1.9 billion a year to meet
government air and water pollution cleanup regulations. According
to a new Environmental Protection Agency study, the refining industry
will have a net increase in employment of 13,000 workers and if the
industry as a whole is growing in 1983, refiners' margins will be
high enough to attract capital for new plants. The average product
price increase in 1983 is expected to be l
-------
3. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-2135-76
REPORT OF WORKING GROUP FOR THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF THE POLLUTION
OF THE NORTH SEA AND ITS EFFECTS ON LIVING RESOURCES AND THEIR EXPLOI-
TATION
Anon. 1974.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Cooperative
Research Report No. 39.
North Sea, Biological effects, *Pollution
Summary not available.
[from Annual Reports on Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy. C. Woodward
(ed.). London, The Chemical Society, 1974. Vol. 4:228]
C-2136-76
MARINE ECOLOGY AND OIL POLLUTION
Baker, J. 1976.
Petroleum Times 80(2026):29.
Refineries, Wastewaters, Oil spills, Monitoring, Toxicity, *Research
program, England
Oil pollution-related research programs of the Oil Pollution Research
Unit of the Field Studies Council, England are reviewed. Biological
field surveys, monitoring, and laboratory toxicity studies of
oils, dispersants, and refinery effluents are among the research areas,
Much of this work is conducted to provide information for industry
management and other organizations concerned with the control and
treatment of oil spills and industrial effluents.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32) :#223,461. 1976]
C-2137-76
JOINT GROUP OF EXPERTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION
(GESAMP)
Berge, G. (Chairman). 1975.
Report of the 7th Session, London, 1975. Intergovernmental Maritime
Consultative Organization, 1975. 43p.
Environmental effects, Oil discharges, Offshore exploration
Two sections of this report deal with the "Impact of Oil on the Marine
Environment", and "Scientific Aspects of Pollution Arising from the
Exploration and Exploitation of the Sea-bed".
135
-------
C-2138-76
OIL SPILLS
Blumer, M., H.L. Sanders, J.F. Grassle, and G.R. Hampson. 1975.
Energy and Human Welfare-A Critical Analysis: Selection of Papers
on Social, Technological, and Environmental Problems of Electric
Power Consumption, New York, Macmillan Inf., 1975. Vol 1. p.81-95.
Oil spills, Oil discharges, Wastewaters, Environmental effects
"The overall implications of oil pollution, coupled with the effects
of other pollutants, the discharge of oil, chemicals, domestic sewage,
and municipal wastes, combined with overfishing, dredging, and the
filling of wetlands are analyzed and presented graphically."
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(7):#049865. 1976]
C-2139-76
SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS
Bumpus, D.F., et al. 1974.
USBLM Conference on Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil
and Gas Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, College Park, Maryland, 1974. 372p.
Hydrocarbons, Environmental effects, Fate, Marine organisms, Pollution
prevention
Hydrocarbon transport in ocean water and the uptake and release of
hydrocarbons by marine organisms are two of the many topics discussed.
The environmental effects of possible oil pollution in the region are
described, and recommendations for prevention of marine environmental
damage are given.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(5):#76-03548. 1976]
C-2140-76
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON CONTAMINATION OF UNDERGROUND WATER SOURCES BY
REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Clean Environment Commission, Manitoba. 1976.
Ground Water 14(l):36-44.
Groundwater, Contamination, Oil spills, Storage, Pipelines, Leakage,
Canada
The contamination of groundwater supplies by petroleum products from
leaking storage facilities, pipelines, spills, and indiscriminate
dumping in Manitoba is documented. Vigilance in detecting leaks,
preventing spills and prohibiting the dumping of waste oil is called
for. Water is rendered unpalatable by oil contamination of 10~6 and
10"° by volume, which is well below toxicity levels.
[from WRC Information 3(19):#76-1429M. 1976]
136
-------
C-2141-76
EFFECTS OF OIL ON BEACHES IN WEST CORK, IRELAND
Cull-inane, J.P., and P.M. Whelan. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):72-73.
Biological effects, Oil discharges, Ballast, Beaches, Cleanup,
Restoration, Ireland
In late October, 1975, nearly 23,000 1 of congealed oil, mostly in
the form of tar lumps weighing up to 60 kg each and some exceeding
1m in diameter, came ashore on resort beaches on the south coast of
Ireland. The oil was believed to be excess ballast pumped by an oil
tanker. The beach and coastline cleanup and restoration efforts are
described, and the effects of the oil on intertidal and beach fauna
and flora are discussed.
C-2142-76
SOME EFFECTS OF A DELIBERATE SMALL SCALE OIL SPILL ON THE OVERLYING
VEGETATION AND THE THAW DEPTH NEAR INUVIK, N.W.T.
Dickman, M., and V. Lunardini. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.52-55.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Plants, Canada, Arctic, Physical effects,
*Thaw depth
The effect on vegetation and thaw depth of 90 1 of crude oil spilled on
two plots was noted a year later and compared with natural sites. The
vegetation was almost completely dead on the oiled sites, and the oil
had reduced the thaw depth under the high hummocks and slightly
increased the thaw depth in the heavily vegetated valleys. A hypothesis
to explain these results is given.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,970. 1976]
C-2143-76
POLLUTION OF SOME AREAS OF THE BALTIC SEA LITTORAL BY POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS [English summary]
Gortalum, G. 1975.
Eksperimental 'naya i Klinicheskaya Onkologiya (2):95-100.
Biological effects, PAH, Sediments, Marine organisms, Baltic Sea,
Analytical techniques
Chromatography and low-temperature luminescence spectrometry were used
to measure the concentrations of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH) in the Bay of Riga and Bay of Lahepere. Analyses of beach sands,
bottom sediments, aquatic plants and animal tissues were conducted, and
PAH concentrations of up to 22.4 micrograms per kilogram were reported
in bottom sediments of the Bay of Riga.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(2):#9926u. 1976]
137
-------
C-2144-76
THE MEDITERRANEAN AND FIGHT AGAINST MARINE POLLUTION CAUSED BY THE
PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY AND PRIMARY ENERGETIC
MATTER
International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the
Mediterranean Sea. 1975.
Committee for the Fight against Marine Pollution, 2nd Study Days on
Marine Pollution, 24th Plenary Congress-Assembly, Monaco, December,
1974.
Hydrocarbons, Environmental effects, Mediterranean Sea
Papers from two sesssions of the International Commission for the
Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea are contained in this
volume. Pollution caused by hydrocarbons, thermal wastes, viruses,
chemicals, and organic matter are covered.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3):#6Q2281. 1976]
C-2145-76
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH
Jenkins, S.H. 1975.
International Conference, 7th, Paris, 1974. New York, Pergamom Press,
1975. Vol. 1,2. 1148p. (Progress in Water Technology, Vol. 7,
Nos. 2-6.)
*0il pollution
Summary not available.
[from Pergamon Press, Sectional Catalog. 1976]
C-2146-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. VOLUME 4.
EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1975.
Report, NOAA-75122904, PB-248, 935/9GA. 72p.
Contaminants, Hydrocarbons, Alaska coast, Environmental effects
"There are 9 papers in the report concerned with the effects of
contaminants (oil, hydrocarbons, petroleum, etc.) on the Alaskan
coastal waters. Portions of this document are not fully legible.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(30):#222,636. 1976]
138
-------
C-2147-76
MARINE POLLUTION AND MARINE WASTE DISPOSAL
Pearson, E.A., and E. De. Frangipane. 1975.
Proceedings of the International Congress, 2nd, San Remo, Italy, 1973.
New York, Pergamon Press, 1975. 492p. (Progress in Water Technology,
Supplement)
Environmental effects, Disposal, Wastewaters, Oceans, *Marine pollution
Papers presented at the second International Congress cover general
problems of marine pollution, environmental effects of marine pollutants
such as oil, design criteria for marine waste disposal, and experience
with marine waste disposal systems.
[from WRC Information 3(28):#76-2014S. 1976]
C-2148-76
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY: AIR AND WATER POLLUTION
Stoker, H.S., and S.L. Seager. 1976.
Glenview, Illinois; Scott, Foresman and Company; 1976. 240p.
Contaminants, Environmental effects, Wastewater treatment
Chemical aspects of environmental pollution problems are discussed,
with emphasis on the establishment of environmentally acceptable levels
of contaminants based on new data or the reinterpretation of previous
work. Part II deals with water pollution and includes chapters on oil,
detergents, pesticides, toxic metals, and wastewater treatment.
[from WRC Information 3(28):#76-2013S. 1976]
C-2149-76
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD AND CYCLE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Suess, M.J. 1975.
International Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment, Las
Vegas, 1975. New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc., 1976. Vol. 2. p.l 30-4 to 4 30-4.
PAH, Carcinogens, Environmental effects
The formation, degradation and environmental effects of carcinogenic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are reviewed. Various natural
and manmade PAH sources, such as open burning, heating, power generation,
combustion of refuse,and oil and hydrocarbon fuels, are examined.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(11):#25980. 1976]
139
-------
C-2150-76
REQUIRING POLLUTERS TO PAY FOR AQUATIC NATURAL RESOURCES DESTROYED BY
OIL POLLUTION
Wood, L.D. 1976.
Natural Resources Lawyer 8(4):545-609.
Liability, Oil spills, International conventions, Legislation, U.S.,
*Aquatic resources
A civil liability system which can be used to restore natural resources
degraded by oil pollutants and to redress oil pollution injuries to
private parties is suggested. The oil pollution problem and its impact
on the aquatic environment and human welfare are discussed. U.S.
ratification of the IMCO Liability and Fund Conventions and prompt
congressional adoption a of comprehensive U.S. system requiring oil
polluters to pay for damages to aquatic systems are advocated.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):#76-04319. 1976]
C-2151-76
THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL: TO BE OR NOT TO BE
Zieglar, D.L. 1975.
Annual AAPG-SEPM-SEG Pacific Sections Meeting, 50th, Long Beach,
California, 1975. p.594-612.
Offshore development, Environmental protection, Oil spills, Guidelines,
Santa Barbara Channel
The article calls for oil and gas development of the Santa Barbara
Channel, and for regulatory and legislative guidelines based on
documented safety and pollution data and available oil spill technology
rather than emotionalism and simplistic generalizations. The compati-
bility of carefully managed and guided oil development and environmental
protection is stressed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(32):#223,537. 1976]
140
-------
D. OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
T—71R?—7fi
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL USE IN WELL-DRILLING OPERATIONS
Anon. 1975.
EPA Conference Proceedings, Texas, 1975. 608p.
Drilling, Oil wells, Contaminants, Environmental effects, Toxicity,
Groundwater
Well drilling and its environmental impacts are discussed, and research
on toxicity of chemical additives to plants and fish is reviewed.
Groundwater contamination from hazardous chemicals used in well drilling
is a serious problem that requires careful investigation.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(5) :#76-03251. 1976]
C-2153-76
TO TEMPT A PACIFIC EDEN, ONE LARGE OILY APPLE
Brower, K. 1976.
Audubon 78(5):56-68,70,72,74,76,78,80,84-91.
Biological effects, Environmental effects, Offshore development, Ports,
Tankers, Pacific Ocean
The possible biological and environmental effects of building a super-
port for oil tankers in the Palau Islands, Micronesia, are discussed.
The history of the concept of developing a "Port Pacific" and adjacent
facilities is reviewed, and the current status of the feasibility study
is reported.
C-2154-76
WILDLIFE AND OIL SHALE: A PROBELM ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH PROBLEM.
VOL. 1. REPORT
Burke, H.D. 1975.
PB-250-521/2GA. 127p.
Environmental effects, Oil shale development, Wildlife, Habitats
An examination and evaluation of the probable consequences of a
developing oil shale industry upon the environment were conducted by
nineteen scientists. Regions of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming were
studied with particular emphasis on wildlife and natural habitats.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(34) :#223,955. 1976]
141
-------
C-2155-76
WILDLIFE AND OIL SHALE: A PROBLEM ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH PROGRAM.
VOL. 2. APPENDIX
Burke, H.D. 1975.
PB-250-552/OGA. 144p.
Oil shale development, Wildlife, Environmental effects, Water quality,
Bibliographies
References that may be used in preparatory studies or in writing
proposals are provided. These sources apply to the program of studies,
Vol. 1, and include information on aquatic ecosystems, water quality,
reptiles and amphibians, wildlife, and arthropods.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(34):#223,956. 1976]
C-2156-76
MID-ATLANTIC ZOOPLANKTON. AN OVERVIEW WITH CONSIDERATION OF POTENTIAL
IMPACTS BY OFFSHORE OIL EXPLOITATION
Forns, J.M. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas Development
in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Estuarine
Research Federation Outer Continental Shelf Conference Workshop, 1974.
Wachapreague, Virginia, Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p.277-290.
Biological effects, OCS, Offshore exploration, Atlantic Ocean,
Zooplankton
"The potential for adverse biological impacts relating to exploration
and exploitation of the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf oil supplied
[sic] is reviewed and discussed with many references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(3):#14735k. 1976]
C-2157-76
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS. VOLUME 3: RELATIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING OF PROPOSED OFFSHORE CONTINENTAL SHELF AREAS ON
THE BASIS OF IMPACTS OF OIL SPILLS
Kinney, P.J., P.D. Carpenter, M.D. Levine, and S.H. Traver. 1975.
Energy and Environment Series, Contract EPA-68-01-2469. 71 p.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Offshore development, Oil
spills, Marine organisms, Birds
"Environmental impacts resulting from offshore oil development are
considered for phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic biota, fish, marine
mammals, and birds. Shore related effects are also covered. The
relative probability of oil spills occurring because of earthquakes,
tsunamis, and severe storms is discussed."
[from Government Reports Announcements 76( 11):#PB-25002/3GA. 1976]
142
-------
2. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-2158-76
ONSHORE IMPACTS CONFERENCE HELD IN SAVANNAH
Anon. 1976.
The Marine Newsletter 7(4) :2.
Socio-economic effects, Environmental effects, OCS, Offshore
development
The recently held Onshore Impacts Conference focused on the onshore
socio-economic and environmental effects of South Atlantic OCS oil
development. The conference discussed both the positive and negative
impacts of such development and also explored such topics as the legal
framework, intergovernmental relations, and the role of the citizen.
143
-------
3. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-2159-76
COASTAL ZONE: $1.2-BILLION ENERGY IMPACT FUND APPROVED
Anon. 1976.
Science 193(4249):216.
Economic effects, Offshore development, OCS, Coasts, Environmental
management
Congress has readied its Coastal Energy Impact Fund which is authorized
to disperse about $1.2 billion in funds over the next decade. The
funds will encourage coastal zone management and regional planning,
and will provide money for public services and facilities in communities
that will be impacted by development of OCS oil, gas, and related ports,
refineries, and tank farms.
C-2160-76
ENVIRONMENT RULES TO COST REFINERS $6-BILLION BY '83 (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
National Petroleum News 68(7):38-39.
Refineries, Regulations, Economic effects
Petroleum refiners will need to expend about $6-billion between 1974
and 1983 to meet the EPA's air and water-pollution regulations,
according to an EPA commissioned report. About $2.7-billion of this
total will be spent on control of refinery water-effluent emissions.
Conversion to unleaded fuels, lead restrictions, airborne pollutant
controls, and residual-oil desulfurization will account for the
remaining expenditures.
C-2161-76
ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF A POTENTIAL BALTIMORE CANYON
SALE. TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 1.
Reinfeld, K.D., and F.F. Callahan. 1975.
Final report, BLM/OCS/NY-75/40.1/ 267p.
Oil-gas leasing, OCS, Atlantic coast, Socio-economic effects, *0nshore
impacts
Possible onshore impacts that the potential leasing of the Baltimore
Canyon Outer Continental Shelf could have on the Mid-Atlantic coastal
region are discussed. Onshore problems that could stem from the
proposed sale and factors that could determine the possible socio-
economic impacts are evaluated.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(9):#PB-249 199/1GA. 1976]
144
-------
4. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-2162-76
OIL SHALE AND ADVANCED RECOVERY
Author unknown. 1976.
American Nuclear Society Conference on Environmental Aspects of
Nonconventional Energy Sources, Denver, 1976. p.6-8.
Oil shale development, Environmental effects
Papers on the following topics are summarized: "An Environmental
Program for Oil Shale Development" and "The Energy Shortage and
Potential Environmental Impacts of Nonconventional Energy Sources",
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):#76-04109. 1976]
C-2163-76
BEAUFORT SEA OIL DRILLING
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(5):84.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Beaufort Sea
An environmental study by the Canadian Government shows the Beaufort
Sea to be highly susceptible to oil blowouts due to weather conditions
and ice freeze-up. Nevertheless, the government may allow exploratory
oil drilling in that area.
C-2164-76
FROM ACADEMY REPORTS: ARCTIC OIL AND OFFSHORE PERMAFROST. . .
Anon. 1976.
National Research Council. News Report XXVI (10):5.
Arctic, Offshore development, *Permafrost
This article briefly summarizes a recent (1976) report by the National
Research Council's Polar Research Board entitled, "Problems and Prior-
ities in Offshore Permafrost Research." The report noted that little
is presently known about subsea permafrost and that offshore perma-
frost must be taken into consideration in decisions concerning the
development, use, and protection of Arctic environments and resources
such as oil. The report calls for a comprehensive and vigorous
program of research in this area.
145
-------
C-2165-76
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF NORTH SEA OIL
Anon. 1975.
British Medical Journal 1975(3):576-580; Editorial, p.556.
Oil industry, Offshore production, Health hazards, North Sea,
*Medical aspects
The article summarizes the report, "The Medical Implications of Oil-
Related Industry" recently published by the Scottish Council of the
British Medical Association. Annual fatality rate for oil rig workers
is 2-3 per 1000 (10 times higher than for coal miners), and for oil-
related deep sea diving it is 1%. Oil industry links with medical
facilities and the responsibilities of the involved governmental
departments are explained. The medical needs of offshore workers
and the scope of the proposed Institute of Offshore and Environmental
Medicine are discussed.
[from International Petroleum Abstracts 4(1):#246. 1976]
C-2166-76
OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS
Anon. 1976.
National Research Council. News Report XXVI (6):1.
Drilling, Offshore production, Design and engineering, Environmental
protection, Guidelines
The U.S. Geological Survey has designated the National Research Council's
Assembly of Engineering to recommend and help in implementing certifi-
cation procedures for the environmentally safe design, construction,
and installation of fixed and floating offshore platforms.
C-2167-76
OIL SHALE PROGRAM'S EFFECT ON LAND STUDIED (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical and Engineering News 54(33):24.
Oil shale development, Environmental effects, Inland
Two studies will be conducted by three Colorado universities to examine
the environmental effects of oil shale production. Study topics include
revegetation of processed oil shale, and trace elements in oil shale
areas and what happens to them as these areas are developed. The projects
are sponsored by the Energy Research and Development Administration as
part of their program to understand the effects of future oil shale
development on the environment.
146
-------
C-2168-76
ROLE OF VIRGINIA'S COASTAL STUDY COMMISSION EXPANDED
Anon. 1976.
The Marine Newsletter 7(4):6.
Environmental management, Coasts, Legislation, Government agencies,
Virginia, Offshore development
Virginia's Coastal Study Commission has been directed to assess the
State's coastal zone management program (CZM) and to make recommendations
especially in the.areas of policy and legislation. Major emphasis of
Virginia's CZM program is to study and identify possible offshore,
interface and onshore effects of the impending OCS oil and gas
development.
C-2169-76
SCOTTISH REFINERY AT NIGG POINT
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):62.
Refineries, Environmental protection, Scotland, Contingency planning,
Oil spills, Monitoring
Despite strong protests, the UK government has approved the construc-
tion of a large oil refinery in northern Scotland. The refinery will
be subject to strict environmental protection stipulations which will
include a biological pollution monitoring scheme and contingency plans
to deal with any oil spills caused by tankers bringing oil from the
North Sea and Middle East.
C-2170-76
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND OIL
Baker, J. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):77.
Environmental effects, Offshore production, Pollution prevention,
Refineries, Monitoring
The proceedings of the Petroleum and Environmental Conservative Symposium.
Teheran, April, 1975, are critically reviewed. Published by the Inter-
national Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association, the
symposium report contains papers on impacts of offshore oil operations,
pollution prevention in offshore oil operations and inonshore refineries
detection, and oil pollution monitoring networks and programs.
147
-------
C-2171-76
NW EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL
Baker, J. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(4):76-77.
Offshore production, Environmental protection, Europe, Oil transport,
Oil spills, Biological effects
This book review briefly discusses the thirteen papers compiled in
the 1975 publication,"Petroleum and the Continental Shelf of Northwest
Europe. Vol. 2. Environmental Protection", edited by H.A. Cole.
Most papers are syntheses or reviews of such topics as transport
and handling of oil, behavior of oil spills, and biological effects
of oil pollution. Much of the volume is of special value to newcomers
and nonspecialistsin the study of oil pollution problems.
C-2172-76
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF OIL-AND GAS-WELL DRILLING, PRODUCTION AND
ASSOCIATED WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES
Collins, A.B. 1975.
Geochemistry of Oilfield Waters. Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishers,
1975. P461-475.
Drilling, Oil wells, Environmental effects, Leakage, Wastewater
disposal
In this chapter the possible sources of pollution resulting from oil
well drilling, such as drilling fluids and muds, well cuttings, well
treatment chemicals, corrosion inhibitors and other additives, and
crude oil leakage,are reviewed. Various situations under which these
materials become pollutants, including blowouts, leakage, poor drilling,
production, well abandonment practices, and subsurface disposal, are
briefly considered.
C-2173-76
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL PHENOMENA ON OCS GAS AND OIL DEVELOPMENT
Council on Environmental Quality. 1974.
OCS Oil and Gas - An Environmental Assessment, A Report to the President.
Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1974. Vol. 3. 195p.
Offshore development, OCS, Oil spills, Atlantic Ocean, Alaska, Gulf of,
*Natural phenomena
Tetra Tech was selected to conduct studies to determine the individual
and collective oil spill probabilities for physical systems associated
with OCS petroleum production, and to define the potential volume of oil
that would be released as a result of the effects of natural phenomena.
Recommended methods of oil transport and storage for the Atlantic OCS
and the Gulf of Alaska are discussed.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(2):#76-01876. 1976]
148
-------
C-2174-76
PRESERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT
Curlin, J.W. 1975.
Energy Awareness Symposium, Knoxville, 1975. p.155-159.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, *States' rights
The development of offshore oil resources is analyzed for its environ-
mental and energy impacts, considering the conflict between states'
rights and federal concerns for a uniform approach.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):#76-04108. 1976]
C-2175-76
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF MARINE-BASED ACTIVITIES (NON-VESSEL) IN
AREAS OF NATIONAL JURISDICTION
Mailman, R.M. 1975.
Critical Environmental Issues on the Law of the Sea. R.E. Stein (ed.).
Washington, D.C., International Institute for Environment and Develop-
ment, 1975.
Offshore exploration, Offshore development, Oil transport, Storage,
Environmental effects
This paper discusses the following issues which are of concern at the
Law of the Sea Conference: the effects on the marine environment of
oil and gas exploration and development, marine terminal construction,
and energy supply facilities (oil storage tanks, pipelines).
C-2176-76
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF OIL-SHALE DEVELOPMENT
Kilburn, P.O. 1976.
Environmental Conservation 3(2):101-115.
Oil shale development, Environmental effects, Socio-economic effects,
*Piceance Basin
Discussed in this article are the vast oil shale resources in the
Piceance Creek Basin in the western United States and the proposed
plans to develop this area. The environmental impacts and socio-
economic impacts of oil shale development of the Piceance Creek Basin
are elaborated.
149
-------
C-2177-76
COASTAL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF OCS OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENTS
Laroe, E.T., P.R. Stang, K.H. Conroy, D.W. Laist, and T.Q. O'Neill.
1975.
Technical information paper,NOAA-76011504. 89p.
Environmental management, OCS, Offshore development, EIS, Bibliographies
A brief overview of Outer Continental Shelf (OQS) petroleum activities,
responsibilities,management and environmental impact statements is
provided. An annotated bibliography and a directory of agencies and
organizations involved with OCS oil and gas related activities are
included.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-249 751/9GA. 1976]
C-2178-76
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS. VOLUME 2: RELATIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF METHODS TO INCREASE ENERGY PRODUCTION,
CRUDE OIL, PIPELINE QUALITY GAS, AND ELECTRICITY FROM WESTERN COAL
Levine, M.D., and R.V. Steele. 1975.
Energy and Environment Series, Contract EPA-68-01-2469. 132p.
Environmental effects, Production, Offshore drilling, Contamination
In this report methodology for evaluating relative environmental
impacts of alternative ways of producing energy is reviewed. Topics
covered include U.S. oil production and enhanced oil recovery,
western coal for electricity generation, and offshore drilling and
water pollution.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#PB-250001/5GA. 1976]
C-2179-76
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS. VOLUME 4:
BACKGROUND PAPERS
Levine, M.D., R.V. Steele, and I.W. Yabroff. 1975.
Energy and Environment Series, Contract EPA-68-01-2469. 132p.
Environmental effects, Social effects, Oil shale development, *0il
pollution
Information relevant to the analysis of environmental tradeoffs among
different measures to increase the U.S. energy supply is presented.
Social impacts of energy development, air and water pollution, oil
pollution, and oil shale development are discussed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#PB-250003/1GA. 1976]
150
-------
C-2180-76
OFFSHORE OIL IMPACTS AND IMPLICATIONS
Marjenhoff, A.J., and D.C. Plate. 1975.
Record of the Seminar on Offshore Oil, The Citadel, Charleston,
1975. Charleston, The Citadel Press. 133p.
Offshore exploration, Offshore development, Socio-economic effects,
Environmental effects, Atlantic coast
A seminar was held on October 17, 1975, in Charleston, South Carolina
which dealt with oil and gas exploration and development off the South
Atlantic coast. A panel of respresentatives of industry, state and
federal governments, and environmental interests inquired into
numerous onshore and coastal aspects of OCS exploitation including
industrial/economic, socio/demographic, environmental, government/
legislative, and legal.
C-2181-76
PRE-DRILLING STUDIES UNDERWAY IN BEAUFORT SEA
McNally, R. 1975.
Petroleum Engineer 47(4):99-100.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Beaufort Sea, Biological
effects
Described is the Beaufort Sea Environmental Program, a joint industry-
government project conducted in the Beaufort Sea prior to beginning
exploratory drilling in order to determine the damage to the environ-
ment caused by a potential blowout. Intensive work was undertaken in
29 separate studies. The studies were divided into categories covering
wildlife, seabirds, and mammals; marine life; existing pollutants^
physical oceanography; meteorology; environmental geophysics; sea ice;
and oil clean up.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3) :#76-02649. 1976]
C-2182-76
BALANCED PROGRAM PLAN: ANALYSIS FOR BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH. VOLUME 1. OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY
Mitre Corporation Staff. 1975.
Report ERDA-116(Vol. 1.) 200p.
Environmental effects, Oil shale development, *ERDA
An analysis of key environmental problems associated with the development
of nine energy technology alternatives, and identification of necessary
related health and environmental research areas have been conducted for
ERDA's Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research. Oil shale
development is one of the technologies considered.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(31):#222,964. 1976]
151
-------
C-2183-76
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF ON-SHORE ACTIVITY IN FOUR NEW JERSEY
COASTAL COUNTIES RESULTING FROM OFF-SHORE OIL DEVELOPMENT
Narkus-Kramer, J., S. Ratick, and A. Watson. 1975.
Final report, BLM/OCS/NY-75/40.2. 46p.
Environmental effects, Oil-gas leasing, Atlantic coast, New Jersey,
*0nshore impacts
"Increases in onshore air and water pollution levels for four New
Jersey coastal counties resulting from the proposed Mid-Atlantic
oil and gas lease sale (Sale no. 40) were estimated based on the
projections of economic activity for 1975,1980,1985, and 1990."
[from Government Reports Announcments 76(8):#PB-249 349/2GA. 1976]
C-2184-76
ONSHORE IMPACTS OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT IN ALASKA, VOLUME 1
Resource Planning Associates, Massachusetts. 1975.
Report, EPA-68-01-2465. 148p.
Environmental effects, Economic effects, OCS, Alaska, Offshore-develop-
ment, *0nshore impacts
Both the environmental and economic impacts on Alaska resulting from
outer continental shelf as well as onshore oil and gas development will
be substantial. Cities will receive varying degrees of these impacts
depending on their size and location. "Portions of this document are
not fully legible."
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-248 895/5GA. 1976]
C-2185-76
ONSHORE IMPACTS OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT IN ALASKA. VOLUME II.
METHODOLOGY APPENDICES
Resource Planning Associates, Massachusetts. 1975.
Report, EPA-68-01-2465. 162p.
Models, Offshore-development, Alaska coast, *0nshore impacts
An oil and gas development model is analyzed and each of the components
is defined. The definitions are then used to make a series of assumptions
to map the model onto the area of study to yield development alternatives
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#PB-248 896/3GA. 1976]
152
-------
C-2186-76
NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTH SLOPE AND THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Schindler, J. , and H.J. Walker. 1975.
Report TR-206, Contract N00014-69-A-0211-0003. 14p.
Oil transport, Arctic, Environmental effects, Offshore exploration,
Offshore production, Oil industry
The arctic environment is described and oil and gas transport
hazards are discussed. Oil exploration and production problems due
to ice cover and their possible engineering solutions are also reviewed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(15):#AD-A025037/3GA. 1976]
C-2187-76
EFFECTS ON FISHERIES
Shelton, R.6.J. 1975.
Petroleum and the Continental Shelf of North West Europe. H.A. Cole
(ed.). Barking, United Kingdom, Applied Science Publishers, 1975.
Vol. 2. Environmental Protection, p.75-83.
Environmental effects, Economic effects, Offshore production,
Fisheries, North Sea
The possible areas of conflict between the petroleum industry and the
fisheries' industry over the highly productive seas between Scotland
and Norway are examined. Short and long term effects of offshore
development are reviewed.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(1):W76-1511. 1976]
r ?iRR 7fi
AN OIL'SPILL RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF LEASE AREA
Smith, R.A., J.R. Slack, and R.K. Davis. 1976.
U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report, 76-451. 28p.
Oil spills, Fate, Environmental effects, Offshore development,
Atlantic Ocean
In the title study, the probability of oil spills, the likely path
of pollutants from spills, and the spatial and temporal distribution
of vulnerable recreational and biological resources were analyzed.
The risk analysis was conducted as part of a study of the environmental
impacts of OCS oil development in the Mid-Atlantic region.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33):#223,741. 1976]
153
-------
C-2189-76
THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Sorkin, Y.G. 1975.
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils-USSR 11(3-4):286.
Oil industry, Refining, Environmental effects, Oil discharges, USSR
Pollution problems due to high growth rates in the petroleum industry
are increasing. New refining processes must be implemented in order
to reduce hydrocarbon and crude oil pollutants in wastewaters, rivers,
and oceans.
[from Environmental Abstracts 6(5):#76-03256. 1976]
C-2190-76
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS. VOLUME 1:
SUMMARY OF VOLUMES 2-4.
Stanford Research Institute. 1975.
Energy and Environment Series, Contract EPA-68-01-2469. 29p.
Socio-economic effects, Environmental effects, *Energy development,
*0il pollution
A brief summary of volumes 2 through 4 of the series is presented
along with background papers in the following categories: social
impacts of energy developments; air and water pollution; and oil
pollution and recovery.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#PB-250 000/7GA. 1976]
C-2191-76
WATER SUPPLY AND ENERGY PRODUCTION IN THE NORTHEAST
Whipple, W.t Jr. 1975.
Military Engineer; Journal of the Society of American Military Engineers
67(437):139-142.
Production, Oil industry, Water quality, *Water resources
The energy problems of the Northeast are evaluated against the water
resource problem. The petroleum industry and water resources is one
of the energy-related topics discussed.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3) .-#76-02648. 1976]
154
-------
C-2192-76
OFFSHORE OIL DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Williams, G. et al. 1975.
Geological Society of London Conference on Petroleum and the Continental
Shelf of Northwest Europe, London, 1975. p.1-53.
Offshore production, Offshore exploration, Oil spills, Cleanup,
Blowout prevention, North Sea
Offshore oil exploration, production, drilling, and oil spill emergency
plans are presented with emphasis on North Sea operations. Techniques
and types of equipment for blowout prevention and cleanup of oil spills
are reviewed. Oil handling practices onshore are also discussed.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(5):#76-03549. 1976]
155
-------
E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
C-2193-76
COMPOSITION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF MINERAL OIL PRODUCTS BY BIODEGRADATION
Inventor unknown. 1975.
British Patent 1,416,274
Oil spills, Seawater, Emulsifiers
"Formulation containing 'vinasse1 waste liquor from sugar or amino
acid refining, amino acid, fatty acid (e.g. oleic acid) and an emulsi-
fyer claimed to be efficient in accelerating biodegradation of oil in
sea water."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(5):#HMS 6091. 1976]
C-2194-76
EFFECT OF SODIUM STEARATE UTILIZED AS AN EMULSIFYING AGENT ON THE
BIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL
Barrilleaux, R.G., and R.B. Bustamante. 1974.
Environmental Engineering and Science Conference, Kentucky, 1974.
p.813,815-835.
Crude oil, Emulsifiers, Microorganisms
The effect of sodium stearate, a biodegradable emulsifying agent, on
the biodegradation of crude oil is reported. Oil degrading micro-
organisms are found in small populations in the natural environment
due to the lack of nutrients. Sodium stearate provides the necessary
chemicals.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(6):#040308. 1976]
C-2195-76
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL ON WATER SURFACES
Bartha, R. 1975.
U.S. Department of the Navy, AD-A-000-722. 13p.
Oil slicks, Cleanup, *Nutrient addition
The biodegradation of oil is increased by applying the essential
microbial nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, in a form that adheres
to the oil and thus stimulates the activity of oil-degrading micro-
organisms.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(1):#HMS 6549. 1976]
156
-------
C-2196-76
HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION KINETICS
Button, D. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p.306a-322.
Oil spills, Microorganisms, Fungi, Bacteria
Biodegradation of oil to carbon dioxide is the final fate of spilled
oil except for portions which are somehow preserved from this process.
Biodegradation rates are determined by the presence of catalytic
enzymes that are produced by biodegrading organisms, chiefly fungal
and bacterial populations.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05151. 1976]
C-2197-76
USE OF GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED MULTI-PLASMID MICROORGANISMS FOR RAPID
DEGRADATION OF FUEL HYDROCARBONS
Chakrabarty, A.M., D.A. Friello, and J.R. Mylroie. (n.d.).
General Electric Company, Research and Development Center, P.O. Box
8, Schenectady, New York 12301.
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Oil spills, Cleanup
The development of a modified Pseudomonas strain capable of biologically
oxidizing aliphatic, aromatic, terpenic, and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons is described. Its application to oil spill cleanup or
protein production is discussed.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6):#HMS 6238. 1976]
C-2198-76
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS INHIBIT DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SEA
WATER
Chet, I., and R. Mitchell. 1976.
Nature 261(5558):308-309.
Bacteria, Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, *Chemotaxis
Recent experiments indicate that the ability of marine bacteria to
degrade organic matter depends on their chemotactic attraction to the
substance, and that such chemotactic response is inhibited by sublethal
concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons. This inhibition of biodeg-
radation was overcome by thorough mixing of the water to bring the
bacteria into random contact with the organic substrate, thus showing
that the hydrocarbons had not inhibited bacterial enzymatic activity.
[from WRC Information 3(29):#76-2085M. 1976]
157
-------
C-2199-76
A CONTINUOUSLY RECORDING POLAROGRAPHIC RESPIROMETER AND ITS USE IN
OIL BIODEGRADATION STUDIES
Gibbs.C.F. 1976.
Water Research 10(5) :443-451.
Seawater, Analytical techniques, *Polarographic respirometer
A continuously recording respirometer is described which is useful
in studying the rates of microbial degradation of oil in sea water.
[from WRC Information 3(23) :#76-1660S. 1976]
C-2200-76
MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CRUDE OIL INUNDATED ARCTIC SOILS
Gossen, R., and D. Parkinson. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.56-58.
Crude oil, Arctic, Soil, Fungi
Studies of oil-treated and control soils from 2 study sites in the
Mackenzie Delta have revealed that the soil microflora respond in a
stimulatory manner to crude oil. Laboratory studies have shown that
an Arctic soil fungus, PenlciTHum janthanellum, inoculated in pure
culture into a crude oil salts medium will degrade the entire range
of n-paraffins. Using Arctic soil as a source of inoculum, the
n-paraffins present in a crude oil-salts medium were completely
degraded under anaerobic conditions.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):221,980. 1976]
C-2201-76
SURVEYS FOR HYDROCARBON UTILIZING BACTERIA IN NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC
COASTAL AREAS
Mulkins-Phillips, G.J., and J.E., Stewart. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.65-70.
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Atlantic coast, Sediments, Oil spills, Cleanup
Studies showed that hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria are ubiquitous in
NW Atlantic waters and coastal sediments. The numbers of these bacteria
may be an indication of the degree of oil pollution in the areas.
Studies on a pure culture of bacteria isolated from Chedabucto Bay and
results of the survey work support the view that seeding of oil spills
may be ineffective for the cleanup of oil spills.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,962. 1976]
158
-------
C-2202-76
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MICROBIAL COMPONENT OF AN INTERTIDAL SILT-
SEDIMENT ECOSYSTEM AT VALDEZ, ALASKA, AND ITS FAILURE TO DEGRADE ADDED
CRUDE OIL
Norrell, S.A., and M.H. Johnston. 1976.
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 76th, Atlantic
City, 1976. p,194:#Q23. Abstract.
Crude oil, Bacteria, Sediments, Alaska
Carbon-poor and sulfide-free sediment markedly affects the ability of
the bacterial populations to degrade Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Usual
bacterial populations of about 2300 CFU/gm have been shown to be
unaffected by applications of up to 2000 ppm of oil. If the sediment
is enriched in situ by algal growth, however, the bacteria respond with
an increase in biomass and oxygen uptake. It is concluded that oil
and other organic matter are removed by tidal action, since they are
unable to penetrate the sediment.
[from Bioresearch Index 12(6):#43150. 1976]
C-2203-76
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL SPILLS ENHANCED BY A SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZER
Olivieri, R., P. Bacchin, A. Robertiello, N. Oddo, L. Degen, and A.
Tonolo. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(5):629-634.
Oil spills, Microorganisms, Crude oil, *Fertilizer
A paraffin supported fertilizer containing MgNH4P04 was applied to
Sarir crude oil to evaluate the fertilizer's effect on biodegradation
of the oil. The slow-release fertilizer stimulated biodegradation,and
after 21 days 63% of the oil had disappeared as compared to a 40%
reduction in the control area.
C-2204-76
THE RESPONSE OF BACTERIAL POPULATIONS TO ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN LAKE
ONTARIO. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY MODEL INVOLVING OIL
DEGRADATION
Pritchard, P.H., and R.M. Ventullo. 1975.
Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science 12(4):402-404. Abstract.
Oil slicks, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Great Lakes
Oil was used in the title study because it contains readily biodegradable
components as well as highly recalcitrant hydrocarbons, and it can be
analyzed by gas Chromatography. In the experiments, an oil slick was
simulated and biodegradation rates were monitored for seven to ten
weeks, at which time most of the oil had been degraded and the bacterial
population depleted. Addition of detergents was found to completely
inhibit biodegradation. Use of commercial bacterial seed cultures and
isolates from batch cultures resulted in very little degradation.
159
-------
C-2205-76
OIL DEGRADATION IN SOIL
Raymond, R.L., J.O. Hudson, and V.W. Jamison. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(4):522-535.
Soil, Monitoring, Plants
The biodegradation of six oils was studied at three widely separated
geographical locations to determine the environmental effects of adding
petroleum products to field soil. Concentration had decreased
significantly from the initial application of the previous year and
the rate of degradation did not exceed 2.4 m3/4xlOm^ per month. Plant
growth was inhibited and no oil loss was observed via water movement
in the soil.
C-2206-76
DENITRIFICATION AND ALKANE OXIDATION BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Swain, H.M., J.A. Cole, and H.J. Somerville. 1975.
Society for General Microbiology: Proceedings 3(1): 10-11.
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa
When Pseudomonas aeruginosa is grown anaerobically with nitrate,
octane, and an additional carbon source, the enzymes for octane
oxidation are induced. This strain is able to catalyze alkane
oxidation and nitrate reduction with a decrease in biomass of the
culture.
C-2207-76
PETROLEUM DEGRADATION IN LOW TEMPERATURE MARINE AND ESTUARINE
ENVIRONMENTS
Traxler, R.W., and A.M. Cundell. 1976.
Annual Report, No. 98-01-4062-3. 18p.
Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Estuaries
Mixed microbial flora from estuarine sources were found to use certain
petroleum hydrocarbons. Intracellular deposits similar to those
occurring in hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and yeast developed in a
Penicillium sp. which utilized n-hexadecane. Electron photomicrographs
contrast the morphology of hexadecane and peptone-grown fungi.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(8):#AD-A020 755/5GA. 1976]
160
-------
C-2208-76
LONG-CHAIN N-ALKANES OCCURRING DURING MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF
PETROLEUM
Walker, J.D, and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(6) :886-891 .
Crude oil, Microorganisms
Five axenic cultures and a mixed culture were examined for their
ability to degrade various crude oils. A wax was formed during the
biodegradation of one of the crudes which was not observed during
the weathering of the same oil. The wax contained high-boiling
alkanes similar to those formed in tar balls of the open ocean.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(33) :#223, 737. 1976]
C-2209-76
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RATE OF HYDROCARBON OXIDATION
IN TEMPERATE LAKES
Ward, D.M., and T.D. Brock. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31 (5) :764-722.
Hydrocarbons, Lakes, Microorganisms, Crude oil
Hydrocarbon oxidation in 26 Wisconsin lakes was found to vary seasonally
with temperature and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus. Oil degrading
microorganisms were found in all lakes and a short lag phase preceded
hydrocarbon oxidation upon addition of mineral oil.
r —
MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF RAW AND HYDROGENATED SHALE OILS
Westlake, D.W.S., W. Belicek, A. Jobson, and F.D. Cook. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(2) :221-227.
Oil shale, Pollution prevention, Oil shale development, Extraction
Raw and hydrogenated shale oils were experimentally compared for their
biodegradability. Whereas raw shale oil was relatively resistant to
microbial attack, hydrogenated shale oil was readily metabolized, it
is suggested that raw shale oil be reduced at the extraction site
before transport in order to facilitate cleanup of possible shale oil
spillage.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(26):#182303r. 1976]
161
-------
2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-2211-76
BEHAVIOUR OF CRUDE OIL UNDER FRESH-WATER ICE
Chen, E.C., B.E. Keevil, and R.O. Ramseier. 1976.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 15(2):79-83.
Crude oil, Spreading, Coalescence, Emulsification, *Freshwater ice
conditions
The spreading and behavior of Norman Wells crude oil injected into
fresh water under ice was determined experimentally. When injected
into still water the oil separates into droplets and rises to the water-
ice interface where the droplets coalesce to form a spreading slick.
Under turbulent conditions stable oil-in-water and water-in-oil
emulsions are formed. The spreading oil does not adhere to the ice
undersurface but if the ice continues to grow, alternating lenses and
layers of oil and ice are formed.
C-2212-76
VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF HYDROCARBONS IN SEA WATER
Cousens, J.D. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D, Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.92-95.
Hydrocarbons, Seawater, *Vapor-liquid equilibrium studies
Studies in vapor-liquid equilibrium of hydrocarbons in seawater are
being made at Nova Scotia Technical College. The goal of this program
is to predict the residual solubilities of the toxic materials, in
particular the aromatic fractions of petroleum.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,992. 1976]
C-2213-76
KINETICS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER [English
summary]
GrUnwald, A. 1975.
Vodni Hospodarstui B 25(10):278-280.
Evaporation, *Petroleum products
"The author discusses the volatilization of some petroleum products
from water. Laboratory tests have shown that the volatilization rate
of these substances fits the first-order equation of formal kinetics."
[from WRC Information 3(28):#76-1965. 1976]
162
-------
C-2214-76
A STUDY OF THE SOLUBILITY OF OIL IN WATER
Lu, B.C.Y., and J. Polak. 1976.
Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Service, Technology
Development Report EPS-4-EC-76-1. 32p.
Solubility, Hydrocarbons, Fuel oil, Crude oil
Results of experiments measuring the total solubility of various
oils in water are reported. Maximal solubilities and the time in
which these were attained were found to be 7.5 ppm in 5 days for No.
2 fuel oil, 2.3 ppm in 2 days for medium bunker oil, and 46 ppm in
8 days for western crude oil. A study of the rates of removal of
dissolved components indicated traces of soluble hydrocarbons
remaining for at least 13 days after their introduction.
[from WRC Information 3(22) :#76-1635S. 1976]
C-2215-76
INTERFACIAL BEHAVIOR OF OIL UNDER ICE
Mackay, D., M. Medir, and D.E. Thornton. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 54(1-2):72-74.
Physical effects, Oil spills, Arctic, Spreading, *0il under ice
This study is concerned with the behavior of oil under ice, with
emphasis on the oil/ice/water interfacial tension forces and their
effects on the spreading and thickness of oil films trapped under
ice cover. Data from this study will be useful for relating under-
ice oil spills to estimates of their environmental effects and for
devising appropriate cleanup and recovery systems.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(22) .-#220,233. 1976]
C-2216-76
PARTITIONING OF HYDROCARBONS BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND NATURAL WATERS
McAuliffe, C.D. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects of
Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973. Washington.
D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1. p.279a-290.
Hydrocarbons, Evaporation, Oceans
After discharge of oil onto a water surface, the lower molecular weight
hydrocarbons (< 15 carbon atoms) tend to evaporate quickly into the
atmosphere, depending on the water temperature, wave, wind and current
action, and the type of petroleum product. The predicted worldwide
distribution of hydrocarbons between the atmosphere and natural waters
(primarily oceans) is discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11):#W76-05149. 1976]
163
-------
C-2217-76
ADSORPTION OF BINARY LIQUID-PHASE HYDROCARBON MIXTURES ON ARCTIC
TERRAIN
Moore, J.P., C.R. Phillips, and A.S. Tombalakian. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 54(1-2):75-80.
Hydrocarbons, Arctic, Soil, Adsorption
Adsorption isotherms ff various binary liquid hydrocarbon mixtures
on arctic terrain composed of moss, detritus, and clay were found
to fit Freundlich isotherm patterns. The degree of adsorption was
found to be directly related to the organic content of the terrain;
the higher weight hydrocarbons were preferentially adsorbed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 12(22):#220,234. 1976]
C-2218-76
EVAPORATION OF OIL FROM SLICKS
Nagy, E. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.112-117.
Evaporation, Oil slicks, *Empirical formulas
Empirical formulas were developed to calculate the initial evaporation
losses from thin oil layers. Losses during the first hour of exposure
are related to temperature, wind velocity, oil layer thickness, and to
some extent the amount and volatility of the low-boiling oil fractions.
The formulas allow prediction of evaporation losses from specific oils
within 10%.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,960. 1976]
C-2219-76
WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS
Nagy, E. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.107-111.
Emulsification, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Oil slicks
This paper describes an investigation of the formation of mousse-type
emulsions as a function of temperature, agitation time, and intensity.
Crude oil did not form emulsions below a threshold of agitation intensity
however, No. 6 fuel oil formed emulsions on very gentle agitation after
a sufficient amount of time and under low temperature conditions.
Future work is aimed at relating laboratory conditions of agitation
with mixing intensities acting on an oil slick on water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,986. 1976]
164
-------
C-2220-76
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS AND OIL SPILL RESIDUES IN CHEDABUCTO BAY, NOVA
SCOTIA
Owens, E.H., and M.A. Rashid. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13(7):908-928.
Restoration, Weathering, Sediments, Fates, Oil spills, Canada,
Chedabucto Bay
Three years after the 1970 oil spill from the tanker Arrow in
Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, natural processes have restored those
beach areas exposed to high wave energy. In low-energy, sheltered
areas the oil has undergone little change and is still present in
the littoral zone. Removal of contaminated sediments in exposed
beach areas has resulted in a permanent retreat of the beach crest
in areas of limited natural sediment replenishment.
C-2221-76
A TREATMENT OF THE EQUILIBRIUM OF OIL LAYER ON WATER FLOW
Tamiya, S., H. Kato, Y. Watanabe, and T. Komura. 1974.
Japan Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering 8(3):15-21.
Leakage, *0il layer, *Flowing water
A study of the equilibrium of an oil layer on flowing water in low and
high velocity regions is presented. A short description is given of
the critical stream velocity for the leakage of oil as well as necessary
corrections for the flow velocity.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(3) :#743. 1976]
165
-------
3. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-2222-76
INFRARED SPECTRA OF PETROLEUM WEATHERED NATURALLY AND UNDER SIMULATED
CONDITIONS
Ahmadjian, M., C.D. Baer, P.F. Lynch, and C.W. Brown. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(8):777-781.
Weathering, Source identification, Spectroscopy, Narragansett Bay
Sixty different oils were weathered in confined areas under natural
and simulated conditions in Narragansett Bay. The weathering was
found to alter the infrared fingerprints of the oils. Using artificial
weathering techniques it was possible to match oils from actual spills
with those weathered artificially.
166
-------
4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-2223-76
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY. VOL. 1
Anon. 1975.
London, The Chemical Society, 1975. 199p.
Oil transfer, Decomposition, Toxicity, Freshwater, Seawater
This volume reviews the cycling of organics such as oils, pesticides,
and herbicides in rivers, lakes, bogs, swamps, oceans, and fjords.
Physical and chemical mechanisms of transfer, degradation, adsorption
and toxic effects are discussed.
[from Industrial wastes Information Bulletin 6(5):#HMS 5199. 1976]
C-2224-76
OIL AND THE ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY: UNIVERSITE DU QUEBEC PROGRAM
Drapeau, G. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.96-97.
Oil slicks, Fate, Estuaries, Canada, St. Lawrence River
Oil spill experiments conducted by the Universite du Quebec on the
Saint Lawrence Estuary have demonstrated that the displacement of oil
slicks is very intricate in these waters. It cannot be predicted by
physical or mathematical models and requires further field work. The
fate of oil ingested by zooplankton and the sedimentation of particle-
loaded oil droplets are being studied.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):221,979. 1976]
C-2225-76
FATE OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED ON SEAWATER CONTAINED IN OUTDOOR TANKS
Gordon, D.C.,Jr., P.O. Keizer, W.R. Hardstaff, and D.G. Aldous. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(6):580-585.
Monitoring, Crude oil, Seawater, Sediments, Oil tanks, Spectroscopy
Oil concentrations in the surface filnuwater column, and sediment
were monitored for three months by fluorescence spectroscopy. The
concentration of oil in the water column was 2-3 mg/1 during the first
few days and about half the spilled oil formed tar balls or was
stranded on the walls of the tank. Oil was still detected in the
seawater and sediment after three months.
167
-------
C-2226-76
FATE OF OIL SPILLS AND THE SITING OF CANADIAN SUPERTANKER PORTS
Harrison, W. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.16-17.
Fate, Oil spills, Bahamas, Environmental effects, Offshore development,
Ports
Studies of the physical and chemical fate of crude oil spilled in the
Bahamas have resulted in a methodology for ranking the environmental
suitability of potential supertanker port sites in this area. The
method includes consideration of winds, currents, and wavefields in
port site decisions, construction of slick-drift roses for extreme
wind and current conditions, and examination and study of controlled
spills of crude oil of the type which is expected to be imported.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,966. 1976]
C-2227-76
SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION, AMBIENT LEVELS, AND FATE OF BENZENE IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
Howard, P.M., and P.R. Durkin. 1974.
Report, EPA-560-5-75-005, PB-244-139. 73p.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Wastewaters, Industries, *Benzene
Benzene losses from commercial production, use, and vehicle emissions
are considered. Over half of the total amount released to the
environment results from motor vehicle emissions. Evidence suggests
that benzene degrades very slowly.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(1):#HMS 6545. 1976]
C-2228-76
SESSILE ANIMALS, ON TAR GLOBULES IN THE WATERS AROUND THE RYUKYU
ISLANDS [English summary]
Kajihara, T., Y. Ura, and M. Tachibana. 1975.
Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan 31(3):131-135.
Tar, Japan/Sea of, *Sessile animals
A large number of tar globules with sessile organisms, including
bryozoans, tubeworms, and goose barnacles, was found in surface tows
around the Ryukyu Islands. The high specific gravity of large attached
goose barnacles is believed to result in the sinking of tar globules.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(2):#7604/1309. 1976]
168
-------
C-2229-76
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN WATER
Lewis, W.M. 1975.
Water Treatment and Examination 24(4):243-277.
PAH, Hydrocarbons, Contamination, Rivers, UK, *Potable water
"A review of the literature is presented on the studies of occurrence
of aromatic hydrocarbons in potable water supplies; water pollution
by hydrocarbons; isolation, identification and evaluation of polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons; and hydrocarbon surveys of various rivers in
Great Britain. 27 references."
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(4) .-#028379. 1976]
C-2230-76
PREDICTED OIL SLICK MOVEMENT FROM VARIOUS LOCATIONS OFF THE NEW JERSEY/
DELAWARE COASTLINE
Lissauer, I.M., and J.C. Bacon. 1975.
Final report, AD-A019019, CGR-DC-13/75; USCG-D-137-75. 132p.
Oil spills, Movement, Offshore development, Ports, New Jersey, Delaware
The possible movements and contact points of oil spills along the
shoreline of New Jersey and Delaware were determined. Current patterns,
wind speed, and direction were used to project oil slick movement.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(15) :#N76-24774.
1976]
C-2231-76
PRELIMINARY PROJECTIONS OF OIL SPILL MOVEMENT FOR THREE POTENTIAL
DEEPWATER PORT SITES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
Lissauer, I.M., and J.P. Welsh. 1975.
Final report, CGR/DC-34/75, USCG-D-19-76. 34p.
Oil spills, Movement, Mexico/Gulf of, Offshore development, Ports
Projections of the movement of oil slicks and their impact location
along the shorelines of the Gulf Coast states were determined from
three potential deepwater port sites. Average monthly current patterns,
wind speeds, and wind directions were used in making these predictions.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(14):#AD-A024331/1GA. 1976]
169
-------
C-2232-76
CHEVRON MAIN PASS BLOCK 41 OIL SPILL; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVEST-
IGATIONS
McAuliffe, C.D. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas Development
in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic Coast, 1974. L.E.
Cronin (chairperson). Wachapreague, Virginia, Estuarine Research
Federation, 1975. p. 185-197. Proceedings of Estuarine Research
Federation Outer Continental Shelf Conference and Workshop.
Oil spills, Dispersants, Fate, Mississippi River, Biological effects
In 1970, 65,000 barrels of crude oil and 2,000 barrels of chemical
dispersants entered the sea near the Mississippi River Delta. The
fate of the oil including evaporation, recovery, biodegradation,
dispersion, solution, emu! si fi cat ion, sinking, and photo-oxidation
was examined. Benthic samples showed no adverse effects from the
oil, nor did shrimp trawls, blue crabs or fish.
C-2233-76
OIL- IN-COLD-WATER RESEARCH AT NOVA SCOTIA TECHNICAL COLLEGE
McLean, A.Y. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p. 104-106.
Oil spills, Fate, Arctic, Weathering, Cleanup, Source identification
As a result of the oil pollution incident following the wreck of the
tanker "Arrow" in Chedabucto Bay, 1970, a research program was begun
at Nova Scotia Technical College to investigate the way in which the
composition of oil and the physical properties change after a spill
in a low temperature environment, and how these changes affect the
operation of cleanup equipment. The use of gas chromatography to
detect the sources of oil pollutants is also being studied.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28) :#221 ,973. 1976]
P— ??^4— 76
PERSISTENCE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE INTERTIDAL BEACH ZONE
Pierce, R.H., Jr., and R.W. Traxler. 1975(?) .
American Chemical Society, 27th Southeast-31st Southwest Regional Meeting,
1975(7). Abstract no. 134.
Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Estuaries, Rhode Island, Biodegra-
dation
The persistence, chemical changes and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons
remaining in intertidal, estuarine sediments after an oil spill into
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, were studied for over a year. Branched
and cyclic alkanes were the most persistent hydrocarbons. In mid-tidal
170
-------
sediments, biodegradation and physical degradation accounted for a
gradual, nearly total removal of hydrocarbons; whereas in the low-tide
sediments the higher weight hydrocarbons persisted.
[from Pollution Abstract 7(3):#76-02311. 1975]
C-2235-76
THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF SELECTED POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Radding, S.B., T. Mill, C.W. Gould, D.H. Liu, and H.L. Johnson. 1976.
Final report, EPA/560/5-75/009, Contract EPA-68-01-2681. 131p.
Fate, PAH, Environmental effects, *Sources, *Transport
The recent literature on polynuclear (polycyclic) aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH) is reviewed. The sources, transport, and the chemical, physical
and biological properties of PAH are discussed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#PB-250948/7GA. 1976]
C-2236-76
RESEARCH ON LAND BASED OIL SPILLS IN THE CANADIAN NORTH
Riddick, J. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environmental
Science and Engineering, 1973. p.25-27.
Fate, Oil spills, Inland, Canada, Biodegradation, Weathering
Work sponsored by the Arctic Land Use Research Program of the Department
of Indian Affairs and Northern Development is described. The field work
is conducted at Norman Wells, N.W.T. and includes studies of microbio-
logical, chemical, and physical aspects of oil behavior in northern
environments.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,969. 1976]
C-2237-76
STUDIES ON THE COMPOSITION AND AGING OF MARINE TARS
Schink, D.R., L.M. Jeffrey, C.W. Poag, R.D. Grigsby, and J.R. Gormly.
1974.
Final report, USCG-D-9-76, CGR/DC-30/75. Contract DOT-CG-23188-A.
103p.
Weathering, Tar, Chemical analysis, *Fouling organisms
Bunker C fuel oil was the only petroleum product to form tar-like
material in an experimental aging test of six petroleum products.
Marine tar analysis demonstrated the value of separating tar components
and analyzing the fractions separately. Iron present in some of the
171
-------
fractions strongly supported the hypothesis that man's activities are
involved in their formation. Fouling organisms were an important
agent in removing tar from the sea surface.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(11):#AD-A022 882/5GA. 1976]
C-2238-76
OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH GROUP OF THE INLAND WATERS DIRECTORATE
ENVIRONMENT CANADA
Scott, B.F., W.A. Adams, R. Chatterjee, E.C. Chen, A.R. Davis, et
al. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environ-
mental Science and Engineering, 1973. p.28-31.
Fate, Oil slicks, Movement, Remote Sensing, Canada, *0il-ice
interaction
The Research Group is investigating oil pollution in cold environ-
ments with emphasis on water quality, fate of oil, remote sensing
and prediction of oil-ice interaction movement. Described are
laboratory studies of refined and crude oils, field studies of
oil on water under ice-forming conditions, oil effects on spring
breakup, remote sensing, and oil-ice movement.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,987. 1976]
C-2239-76
BEHAVIOUR OF OIL UNDER CANADIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS - I. OIL AND
WATER UNDER ICE-FORMING CONDITIONS
Scott, B.F., and R.M. Chatterjee. 1975.
Canada Inland Waters Branch Scientific Series 26:15.
Weathering, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectroscopy*
Environmental effects
Gas Chromatography, infrared, ultraviolet, and fluorescence
spectroscopy were used to investigate the properties of weathering
oil. The environmental effects of such weathering and the biolog-
ical implications are discussed.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(4):#028422. 1976]
172
-------
C-2240-76
OPERATIONAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL IN CANADIAN
NAVIGABLE WATERS
Simons, T.J., G.S. Beal, K. Beal, El-Shaarawi, and T.S. Murty. 1975.
Canada. Department of the Environment, Marine Science Directorate,
Manuscript Report Series No. 37. 30p.
Models, Oil slicks, Movement, Canada
A study to develop and evaluate computer prediction of the movement
of oil slicks in Canadian navigable waters is reported. Descriptions
of computer programs and guidelines for establishing a data bank on
the topographies, climatology and tidal currents in different
locations are included.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q4323. 1976]
C-2241-76
DISTRIBUTION OF OIL AND BEHAVIOUR OF OIL SPILLS
Smith, J.W. 1975.
Petroleum and the Continental Shelf of North West Europe.
H.A. Cole (ed.). Barking, United Kingdom, Applied Science Publishers,
1975. Vol. 2. Environmental Protection, p.65-73.
Oil spills, Fate, Spreading, Weathering, Biodegradation
Sources of oil in the marine environment are examined and the size
of a potential oil spill which may have to be dealt with is
estimated. The rate of spreading and the processes of evaporation,
photo-chemical oxidation, solution, dispersion, and microbial
degradation of oil are reviewed.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(1):#76-1510. 1976]
C-2242-76
OIL POLLUTION IN COASTAL AND HIGH SEAS AREAS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC
Walton, A., and E.M. Levy. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973. D. Mackay
and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of Environ-
mental Science and Engineering, 1973. p.32-36.
Oil spills, Fate, Chedabucto Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea
Studies of the distribution and composition of oil products in the
marine environment have been conducted for the past 3 years since
the "Arrow" oil spill in Chedabucto Bay. These studies have been
pursued in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Halifax-Bermuda
section. Additonal surveys have been made in the North Atlantic,
from 15°N to 75°N, and in the Mediterranean Sea. A summary of
findings is presented.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,988. 1976]
173
-------
C-2243-76
COMPUTER MODELING OF OIL DRIFT AND SPREADING IN DELAWARE BAY
Wang, H., J.R. Campbell, and J.D. Ditmars. 1976.
University of Delaware, Final report no. CMS-RANN-1-76. 58p.
Models, Oil spills, Drift, Spreading, Delaware Bay
A computer model was developed for the prediction of oil spill
dispersion in Delaware Bay. The effects of waves on drifting and
spreading, diffusion coefficients of oils, and wind effects are
all accounted for in the model. This study was conducted as a
part of Research on the Effects of Crude Oil Transfer and Upstream
Refineries on Delaware Bay, sponsored by the National Science
Foundation
C-2244-76
OCEAN CHEMISTRY PROGRAMS TO STUDY THE DISTRIBUTION AND FATE OF
MARINE HYDROCARBONS IN N.E. PACIFIC OCEAN
Wong, C.S. 1973.
Oil and the Canadian Environment Conference, Toronto, 1973.
D. Mackay and W. Harrison (eds.). Toronto University, Institute of
Environmental Science and Engineering, 1973. p.130-132.
Fate, Hydrocarbons, Monitoring, Detection, Tar, Biodegradation,
Pacific Ocean
In this study to understand the fate of oil, its pathways, and
distribution of hydrocarbons in the N.E. Pacific Ocean, activities
included baseline studies of tar-lump distribution on surface
waters, degradation studies, hydrocarbon detection by gas
chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, and
estimation of input of petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine
environment by the Cl3 isotope technique and radiocarbon dating.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(28):#221,956. 1976]
C-2245-76
DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCES OF TAR ON THE PACIFIC OCEAN
Wong, C.S., D.R. Green, and W.J. Cretney
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6):102-105.
Source identification, Tar, Pacific Ocean, Tankers, Oil discharges
"Petroleum residues, or tar lumps, are concentrated in the north-
western portion of the Pacific Ocean, particularly in the Kuroshio
current system. The source of the tar appears to be tank washings
from tankers on the very large Middle East to Japan route. Tar
pollutants apparently are discharged by tankers south of Japan,
become entrained in the Kuroshio current, and create a plume of
contamination which extends downstream for 7000 km across the
Pacific."
174
-------
F. OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1. STATE LEGISLATION
C-2246-76
OIL SPILLAGE REGULATION
Anon. 1974.
1974 BNA Environmental Report 886:0105-0106.
Regulations, Oil spills, Liability, Oregon
The Oregon regulation makes it illegal for oil to be permitted
to enter state waters from any source, and it places absolute
liability upon the person having control over the oil. It
places responsibility for oil containment, collection, treat-
ment and/or removal upon such person and permits the state
to charge or file suit for reimbursement of cleanup costs.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11): #W76-05215.
1976]
C-2247-76
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO OIL SPILLS INTO PUBLIC WATERS
Anon. 1975.
1975 BNA Environmental Report 886:0531-0532.
Regulations, Oil spills, Cleanup, Oregon
To protect the quality of state waters in Oregon, the person
responsible for the control of oil spills must immediately
take steps to stop the spillage and must then proceed to
collect and remove the oil. If oil collection is not
feasible, the person must take actions to contain, treat, or
disperse the oil. Cleanup must proceed in accordance with
the approval of the Department of Environmental Quality.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(12): #W76-06071.
1976]
175
-------
2. U.S. LEGISLATION
C-2248-76
ALASKA OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
Anon. 1974.
1974 BNA Environmental Report 706:0621-0622.
Regulations, Oil discharges, Inland, Alaska, *0iling permits
"The discharge of oil, asphalt, bitumen or residuary products
of petroleum onto the lands of Alaska is herein prohibited
unless a surface oiling permit has been obtained from the
Department of Environmental Conservation". The conditions
for issuance of surface oiling permits and penalties for
violations are discussed in detail.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(12): #W76-06062.
1976]
C-2249-76
CEQ, OIL POLLUTION
Anon. 1976.
Federal Register 41(60):12658.
Legislation, U.S., Contingency planning, Oil spills, *CEQ
The Council on Environmental Quality has established coordina-
tion of onscene activities regarding national oil and
hazardous substances pollution contingency plan.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):80. 1976]
C-2250-76
DEEPWATER PORT ACT (CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 10701)
Anon. 1974.
U.S. House of Representatives, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session,
Report No. 93-1605. 60p.
Legislation, Offshore development, Ports, Economic effects
The conference report provides for the resolution of Senate
and House disagreement over the Deepwater Port Act which
regulates ownership, construction, and operations of deepwater
ports. The report contains background information, major
requirements and issues, and cost considerations.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10): #W76-04631.
1976]
176
-------
C-2251-76
EPA, OIL POLLUTION
Anon. 1976.
Federa] Register 41(60):12657.
Legislation, U.S., Pollution prevention, *EPA
EPA established a number of miscellaneous amendments regarding
oil pollution prevention.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(6):80. 1976]
C-2252-76
INTERVENTION ON THE HIGH SEAS ACT
Anon. 1974.
PL 93-248; 88 stat 8, U.S. Code. Congressional and
Administrative News, p 9-12.
Legislation, Pollution prevention, Oil spills, *Navigation
"Whenever a ship collision or other incident of navigation
creates a grave and imminent danger of oil pollution to the
coastline or related interests of the United States, the
Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is
operating may take such measures on the high seas are
necessary to prevent, mitigate, or eliminate that danger."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(8): #W76-03606.
1976]
C-2253-76
LEGISLATION FOR OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF R AND D
Anon. 1975.
U.S. House of Representatives. Sub Committee on Energy
Research, Development, and Demonstration—Committee on Science
and Technology, July 8-11, 1975. Hearings, p. 833-1721.
Legislation, *Pollution control, Offshore exploration, Oil-
gas leasing
Appendix II submitted to the Sub-committee on Energy Research
consists of supplements to the Report of the Work Group on DCS
Safety and Pollution Control. Appendix III is made up of
reports on OCS petroleum operations including issues of safety
assurance and pollution control. Appendix V provides additional
information on OCS research activities concerning resource
assessment, leasing, environmental programs, diving safety,
and hydrocarbons in OCS waters.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14): #W76-07355.
1976]
177
-------
C-2254-76
OIL SPILL LIABILITY BILL ENDORSED, BUT PASSAGE UNLIKELY
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(36):67.
Legislation, U.S., Liability, Oil spills, Tankers, Ports
An oil spill liability bill has been approved by the House
Merchant Marine Committee, but passage for this year is slim.
The bill sets limits on a company's liability for oil spills
and sets up a fund to cover the damage exceeding those limits.
Tankers and barges would be liable for a maximum of $30 million
or $300/vessel ton, and deepwater ports would be liable for
up to $50 million.
C-2255-76
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1975 - PART
I, PART II, PART III
Anon. 1975.
U.S. House of Representatives, Ad Hoc Select Committee, Outer
Continental Shelf, June 7,18,19 and July 18,19,25. Hearings.
p. 1-915.
Legislation, Offshore exploration, DCS, Environmental
protection, Environmental effects
The purpose of these hearings was to consider and report to
the full House on legislation establishing a national policy
for the management of DCS oil and gas, as well as to protect
the marine and coastal environment and to amend the Outer
Continental Shelf Lands Act.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14): IW76-07356.
1976]
C-2256-76
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS AND COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT ACT AMENDMENTS
Anon. 1975.
U.S. Senate. Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs and
Commerce, April 8-9, 1975. Joint Hearings, p. 697-1745.
Legislation, Offshore exploration, OCS, Environmental
Management, Environmental effects
178
-------
The proposed amendments concern leasing policy changes for DCS
mineral deposits, principally oil and gas deposits. Major areas
of concern are outlined. The report also presents two research
studies, the American Petroleum Institute annual report on
environmental research for 1975 and the National Advisory
Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere report to the Secretary of
Commerce regarding ocean engineering.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14): #W76-07354.
1976]
C-2257-76
USA: MARINE POLLUTION
Anon. 1975.
Bulletin of Legal Developments (20):208. Summary.
Legislation, U.S., Liability, Oil spills
"A bill presented to the U.S. Congress on July 9, 1975,
entitled the Comprehensive Oil Pollution Liability and
Compensation Act of 1975, would establish a comprehensive
and uniform system for fixing liability and settling claims
for oil pollution damage in U.S. waters and coastlines.
It also would implement the 1969 and 1971 Brussels
Conventions on liability and an oil pollution damage fund."
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3): # 76-02964. 1976]
C-2258-76
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND ENERGY RESOURCES:
A REVIEW
Beard, D.P. 1975.
Geographical Review 65(2):229-244.
Legislation, U.S., Environmental protection, Offshore
production, Oil transport, Economics
The article is a review of major interrelationships between
recent environmental legislation and energy supply and
demand. Included is a brief discussion of changes in off-
shore oil production and transportation technology resulting
from restrictive environmental legislation that was enacted
after the Santa Barbara oil spill.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(5):621. 1976]
179
-------
C-2259-76
MARINE POLLUTION CONTROL AND MAN-MADE ISLANDS
Butts, S.A.,III. 1975.
North Carolina State University, Sea Grant publication.
No. UNC-S6-75-04. p. 25-44.
Legislation, U.S., Pollution prevention, Offshore drilling,
Ports
U.S. and international pollution laws pertinent to man-made
islands, which range from floating oil drilling platforms
to artificial islands created by dumping of natural materials,
are summarized. Emphasis is on U.S. legislation directed
toward oil drilling platforms and superports.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(21): # 219,846. 1976]
C-2260-76
PETROLEUM REFINING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY (PROPOSED EFFLUENT
LIMITATIONS AND GUIDELINES)
Environmental Protection Agency. 1974.
Federal Register 39(202):37069-37070.
Regulations, Guidelines, Wastewater treatment, Refineries
This notice is aimed at encouraging the public to make comments
concerning proposed amendments to the Petroleum Refining Point
Source Category which are put forth pursuant to the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act. These amendments will reduce
the range size of process factors from 50% to about 10-15%.
Effluent limitation guidelines are presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10): #W76-04856.
1976]
C-2261-76
THE REGULATION OF DEEPWATER PORTS
Graham, K.A. 1975.
Virginia Journal of International Law 15(4):927-957.
Legislation, U.S., Ports, Oil transfer, Economic effects,
Environmental effects
The Deepwater Port Act of 1974 (DPA) is evaluated from
environmental and federal vs. state regulatory perspectives,
The advantages and disadvantages and the economic and
environmental side effects of deepwater ports for crude oil
transfer are examined.
(from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(15): #W76-07813.
1976]
180
-------
C-2262-76
DEEPWATER PORT ACT OF 1974
Louisiana State University Law Center. 1975.
Louisiana Coastal Law, LCL Report 19. 4p.
Legislation, Offshore development, Ports, Liability, Oil spills,
Tankers
The Deepwater Port Act establishes a licensing and regulatory
program governing offshore deepwater port development for the
servicing of Very Large Crude Carriers. The Act further
provides that the licensee and operator of a vessel shall be
liable for $50,000,000 and $20,000,000 in damages, respectively.
in the event of an oil spill.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10): #W76-04644.
1976]
C-2263-76
OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LIABILITY
U.S. Coast Guard. 1975.
39 Federal Register #41989-94. 6p.
Regulations, Liability, Oil discharges, hazardous substances
The Coast Guard has proposed revisions to regulations under
Section II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act relating
to the discharge and reporting of hazardous substance into
navigable waters. The proposal treats hazardous substances in
a manner similar to oil; thus regulations governing notifica-
tion, removal, equipment requirements and discharge penalties
with respect to oil would also be applied to hazardous
substances.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10): #W76-04452.
1976]
C-2264-76
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
OPERATIONS
White, H.R. 1975.
Alberta Law Review 13(1):1-17.
Legislation, U.S., Production, Exploration, Oil industry,
Environmental protection
A brief overview of the evolution of environmental legislation
regulating the oil and gas industry is presented. The acts
and regulations which must be complied with to obtain an
exploration permit are described; and special attention is
181
-------
given to provisions in the National Environmental Policy Act,
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System which regulate the oil and gas
industry.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(8): #W76-03592. 1976]
C-2265-76
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, MID-COURSE CORRECTION
Wiley, M.A. 1976.
Chemtech 6(2):134-141.
Wastewater treatment, Legislation, Oil industry
The petroleum industry's experiences in choosing the most
cost-effective methods to meet the requirements of PL92-500
are discussed. Conclusions and recommendations regarding this
water pollution control legislation are given. The industry
states that the Act should be corrected now in mid-course,
rather than be replaced with other untried regulatory concepts.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14): #W76-06978.
1976]
182
-------
3. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-2266-76
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
Wonham, J. 1976.
Pollution Monitor No. 29. p. 21-22.
Pollution prevention, Ships, Tankers, International conventions,
Legislation, *IMCO
The contributions of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO) toward regulating oil pollution from
shipping and establishing the rights of private parties or
states threatened or damaged by pollution are assessed.
Several international conventions and three major international
committees are underwriting IMCO's work on marine pollution
prevention and control.
[from WRC Information 3(17): # 76-1281S. 1976]
C-2267-76
AN INTEGRATED INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC APPROACH TO CIVIL
LIABILITY FOR VESSEL-SOURCE OIL POLLUTION
Wood, L.D. 1975.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 7(l):l-68.
Liability, Oil transport, Ships, International Conventions,
*Vessel-source pollution
"The various legal mechanisms which control civil liability for
vessel source oil pollution are reviewed, selected features
and advantages of proposed international and U.S. domestic
systems to govern oil pollution liability for oil transport
ships are described, and certain legal problems presented by
the proposed international and national regimes for oil pollution
liability are analyzed."
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3): #76-02970. 1976]
C-2268-76
OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
U.S. Coast Guard. 1974.
Federal Register 39(163):30125-30126.
Regulations, Tankers, Oil transport, International Conventions
The Coast Guard is adding an interpretive rule to pollution
regulations regarding the construction of certain seagoing
tankers and barges which transport oil. The rule provides
183
-------
coefficients for the calculation of cargo tank lengths to
assure equitable treatment for barges under international
law and treaties. The rule would change Annex C of the
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of
the Sea by Oil, 1954, by allowing tank barges to be constructed
with the same bulkhead spacing as tankships of comparable
cargo capacity.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10): #W76-04851.
1976]
184
-------
4. FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-2269-76
NORTH NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF DRILLING DELAYED (NEWS BRIEF)
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(7):38.
Offshore drilling, Biological effects, North Sea, Norway,
Pollution prevention
The Norwegian Government has delayed drilling for oil on the
North Norwegian continental shelf for one year to allow a
massive build-up of safeguards against possible pollution
before offshore activities start. The public concerned about
the adequacy of anti-pollution measures, as well as environ-
mental and fishing interests, were the main proponents of
this action.
C-2270-76
LAW AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE NIGERIAN OIL INDUSTRY
Nwogugu, E.I. 1975.
Earth Law Journal 1(2):91-105.
Regulations, Oil industry, Environmental protection, *Nigeria
The legal regulations for the protection of the Nigerian
environment from oil pollution and those applicable to the oil
industry are discussed. The two branches of law operative
in this area, statutory rules and principles of common law,
are examined and their adequacy is assessed.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 9(3):#845.
1976]
C-2271-76
BRAZILIAN LEGISLATION ON POLLUTION OF THE SEA AND INLAND WATERS
Saraiva, C.O. 1975.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 6(3):435-439.
Legislation, Brazil, Oil discharges, *Penalties
"A full explanation of law 5.357 of Nov. 17, 1967 is given.
The law sets the penalties to be imposed on ships and marine_
or river terminals for discharging detritus or oil in Brazilian
waters and establishes other measures."
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3): #76-02987. 1976]
185
-------
C-2272-76
FEDERAL LEGISLATION AND COMMON LAW ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS IN CANADA
Stroppa, B.L. 1975.
Alberta Law Review 13(1):18-40.
Legislation, Oil industry, Environmental protection, Canada
The Canadian petroleum industry is subject to considerable
statutory regulation to prevent potential adverse environ-
mental effects. Several major legislative acts are reviewed
which include: the Canada Shipping Act, the Arctic Water
Pollution Control Act, the Canada Water Act, the Fisheries
Act, and the Navigable Waters Act.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(1 ): #W76-05231.
1976]
186
-------
5. AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS
C-2273-76
PROGRESS AT THE GENEVA SESSION OF THE LAW OF THE SEA CONFERENCE
Anderson, D.H. 1975.
Environmental Policy and Law 1:114-120.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Oil transport,
Tankers, Ships, Offshore development
The article briefly reviews the progress of the three main
committees responsible for environmental policies at the Third
UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, held in Geneva in 1975.
Among the matters considered are questions of pollution during
ship passage and oil transport in international and territorial
waters, and new policies and regulations regarding marine
pollution from land based as well as offshore installations.
C-2274-76
CONFERENCE OF PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF THE COASTAL STATES OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN REGION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
SEA, BARCELONA, SPAIN, 2-16 FEBRUARY, 1976
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Conservation 3(2):152.
International conventions, Mediterranean Sea, Regulations,
Oil discharges, Ships
On 13 February, 1976, the Conference adopted the Convention
for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution,
a Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of Mediterranean
Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft, a Protocol concerning
Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea
by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency,
and 10 additional resolutions.
C-2275-76
EEC AGREEMENT ON POLLUTION PROPOSALS
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Health 84(2):33.
International agreements, Oil discharges, Wastewater disposal,
Europe
"Member states will be able to choose between quality objectives
or emission standards for each substance on the "black list"
(given in text) which may be discharged as effluents to
receiving waters."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(6): #HMS 6338.
1976]
187
-------
C-2276-76
INTERVENTION ON THE HIGH SEAS ACT, P.L. 93-248 -- LEGISLATIVE
HISTORY
Anon. 1974.
U.S. Code. Congressional and Administrative News. p. 2773-
2778.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Oil spills,
Legislation, U.S.
"The International Convention Relating to Intervention on the
High Seas in cases of oil pollution casualties was signed by
representatives of the U.S. government. This Convention permits
a coastal nation to take whatever action it deems necessary to
prevent, mitigate, or eliminate a threat of pollution resulting
from a maritime accident beyond that coastal nation's territorial
limits."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(10): #W76-04647. 1976]
C-2277-76
MARINE POLLUTION: NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC
Anon. 1975.
Bulletin of Legal Developments (18):191. Summary.
International conventions, Liability, Oil spills, Atlantic
Ocean, Europe
A conference was scheduled for October 20-31, 1975, in London
to consider a draft convention on liability for oil pollution
damage resulting from seabed drilling activities. The
convention was to be attended by Belgium, Denmark, France, the
Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway,
Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(3): #76-02941. 1976]
C-2278-76
MEDITERRANEAN POLLUTION
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6):99-100.
International conventions, Mediterranean Sea, Pollution preven-
tion, Cleanup
The main objectives and results of the recently held Convention
for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution,
Barcelona, Spain, 1976, are discussed. Twelve of the fifteen
Mediterranean coastal countries signed the Convention and
Dumping Protocol. A draft protocol on cooperation in combatting
oil pollution in the Mediterranean Sea was adopted, and the
establishment of a regional oil combatting center was agreed
upon by the signatory countries.
188
-------
C-2279-6
MARINE POLLUTION
Campbell, D.,111. 1976.
Major Issues of the Law of the Sea. Durham, University of
New Hampshire, 1976. Chapter VIII. p. 107-124.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Law
enforcement
Several unresolved problems and issues relating to international
control of inland and marine pollution by oil and other
substances are pointed out; and relevant international
conventions are evaluated. For example, effective marine
antipollution enforcement is limited exclusively to flag state
jurisdiction. Also, land based pollution, which is believed
to account for 50-90% of marine pollution, is still in-
adequately regulated.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(15): #W76-07836.
1976]
C-2280-76
COMMENTARY ON: ALTERNATE APPROACHES TO ORDER: INTERNATIONAL
OCEAN ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR REGULATORY FUNCTIONS
Stein, R. 1975.
Perspectives on Ocean Policy. National Science Foundation,
1975. p. 308-311.
International conventions, Environmental protection, *0il
pollution, *Law of the Sea
Environmental issues have been pushed into the background at
recent Law of the Sea Conferences, including the issue of oil
pollution by ocean vessels. Unless specific treaty proposals
are formulated on oil pollution and other environmental topics,
little success on environmental issues can be expected from
future Law of the Sea Conferences.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(14): #W76-07343.
1976]
189
-------
C-2281-76
IMCO SYMPOSIUM ON PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
Wardley-Smith, J. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(7):132-134.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Oil spills,
Oil transport, Ships
The proceedings of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO) meeting held at Acapulco, Mexico, 21-31
March 1976, is reviewed. The purpose of this technical
symposium was to provide a forum in which to discuss the various
scientific, technical and economic implications of the 1973
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships.
C-2282-76
EMERGING OCEAN OIL AND MINING LAW
Warfel, S.W. 1974.
North Carolina State University Sea Grant
Report, COM-74-11014. 61 p.
International conventions, State governments, Pollution
prevention, Tankers, Oil spills
Various international aspects of offshore oil operations are
examined including the multinational control of oil spills,
tanker discharges, and offshore drilling. State efforts to
curb marine pollution, such as the North Carolina Oil Pollution
Control Law, are also assessed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(11): #W76-05207.
1976]
C-2283-76
A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON CIVIL
LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE AND ITS SUPPLEMENTARY FUND
CONVENTION
Wood, L.D. 1975.
Environmental Law Reporter 5(6):50103-50107.
International conventions, Liability, Oil spills, Cleanup
The Civil Liability Convention, which has been ratified by the
required number of nations to activate the treaty, provides
strict liability for oil spills. The Fund Convention, which is
expected to be forthcoming, is designed to establish a large
cleanup compensation fund financed by a levy on oil imported
by sea to contracting nations.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(8): #W76-03584. 1976]
1QO
-------
C-2284-76
LONG TERM PROGRAMME IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL IN EUROPE.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF POLLUTION IN THE RHINE
World Health Organization/Copenhagen, Regional Office, Europe.
1975.
ICP/CEP 207. 39 p.
International agreements, Water quality, Pollution prevention,
Ecosystems, Rhine River
An international program was proposed by a WHO working group,
in collaboration with the government of the Netherlands, to
achieve a high standard of water'quality in the Rhine. Details
are presented on the scope of the study area, the basic
inventories of ecosystem statics and dynamics, applied studies,
and investigations of individual pollutants and indicator
organisms.
191
-------
6. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
C-2285-76
INTERNATIONAL OIL TANKERS AND TERMINAL SAFETY GUIDE
International Oil Tanker Terminal Safety Group. 1975.
New York, Wiley, 1975. 185 p. Ed. 2.
Guidelines, Oil transport, Tankers
"Mainly covers safe practices in operational aspects of
handling crude oil and petroleum products at a terminal
and on a tanker at a terminal."
[from Tech. Book Review Index 42(2):74. 1976]
C-2286-76
AGENCY AND INDUSTRY PRESENTATIONS
Monastero, F.C., et al. 1974.
USBLM Conference on Marine Environmental Implications of
Offshore Oil and Gas Development in the Baltimore Canyon
Region of the Mid-Atlantic Coast, College Park, Maryland,
1974. 90 p.
Environmental protection, Offshore development, Government
agencies, Regulations
State and Federal governmental agency regulatory programs
relating to offshore oil development in the Baltimore Canyon
trough are described. The offshore operations, regulations,
and environmental protection measures of the Exxon
Corporation are presented.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(5): #76-03547. 1976]
192
-------
G. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-2287-76
MARINE OIL SPILLS. A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hurley, D.E. 1975.
New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Miscellaneous
Publications 69, 1975. 68 p.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Cleanup, Absorption
This book contains 180 references on oil spills and related
topics which are grouped under 16 different headings. An
author index and an index to Spills, Cleansing Agents,
and Absorbents are included.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):
#6Q4262. 1976]
C-2288-76
OIL ANALYSIS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. - CIN, Edison, New
Jersey, n.d.
Chemical analysis, Source identification, Oil slicks, *Petro-
leum oils
"A bibliography of major methods and publications dealing
with the identification and quantification of petroleum
oils in water, sediments, and tissues, and oils found as
shoreline residues and surface slicks, has been compiled
and is available on request."
[from Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter 15(2):9. 1976]
C-2289-76
WATER POLLUTION. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON FRESHWATER FISH
McKim, J.M., R.L. Anderson, D.A. Benoit, R.L. Spehar, and
G.N. Stokes. 1976.
Water Pollution Control Federation Journal 48(6):1544-1620.
Environmental effects, Toxicity, Freshwater, Fishes
This literature review and extensive bibliography includes
sections on methodology, water quality, pesticide pollutants,
industrial and domestic pollutants, and chlorinated, radio-
active and other pollutants. Acute and chronic toxicities
of these polluting substances, including oil, are
summarized.
193
-------
C-2290-76
CHRONIC OIL CONTAMINATION AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS WITH
EMPHASIS ON DIPTERA: STATUS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Parker, B.L., J.O. Brammer, M.E. Whalon, and W.O. Berry, 1976.
Water Resources Bulletin 12(2):291-305.
Biological effects, Contamination, Freshwater, Marine
organisms, *Diptera
The biological effects of continuous, low-level contamination
of surface water biota by petroleum products has only recently
received attention. This report presents an overview of the
topic, considering both freshwater and marine organisms, and
it includes an extensive bibliography as a guide to future
research.
[from WRC Information 3(29): #76-2083M. 1976]
194
-------
SECTION II: CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Title, contract information and a summary of project objectives are
provided in each entry. Project notices have been obtained from the
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE); American Society for
Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter; and Canada, Department
of the Environment, Spill Technology Newsletter. Current status
information and publications resulting from the projects are presented
when such information is available from the principal investigators or
performing organizations. The source of status information is given
at the end of each entry.
Entries are grouped according to subject and then ordered by serial
number within each subject division. The serial number designates
the original issue of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS in which
the research project is listed:
R-001-74 to R-165-74
R-245-74 to R-268-74
R-269-75 to R-304-75
R-001-76 to R-035-76
R-064-76 to R-123-76
R-124-76 to R-175-76
EPA-670/2-75-003
July to October 74
EPA-670/2-75-059
February 75 to April 75
EPA-600/2-76-113
August 75 to October 75
EPA-600/2-76-185
November 75 to January 76
May 76 to July 76
August 76 to October 76
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-124-76
LIGHT HYDROCARBONS-OCS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
dine, J.D.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Research Labs, Boulder, CO 80302
U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of
Land Management, No. R7120841
1/76 to 6/76
$47,600
195
-------
The temporal and spatial variations of the lower molecular weight
hydrocarbons in the Bering Sea (Bristol Bay) and the northeast
Gulf of Alaska will be determined in this research effort.
Three cruises in these waters have been planned for the current
year; and work will continue with data processing, reduction and
report preparation on current findings.
[SSIE No. GUK-65]
R-l25-76
BAY OF FUNDY STUDIES
Principal Investigator: C. Duerden
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Service,
Atlantic Region, Halifax, Nova Scotia
B3J 3E4 Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada, Department of the Environment,
Environmental Protection Service
Period: Unknown
The Environmental Protection Service-Atlantic Region conducted
a four-day survey of the Bay of Fundy shoreline in order to
identify highly sensitive areas. The development of an environ-
mental atlas for the Bay of Fundy is nearing completion. The
project should be completed by December, 1976.
Sea trials of slick-tracking devices are being prepared for the
fall, 1976, at Fundy. The high frequency of fog in the bay lends
particular importance to the finding of such a device that will
perform properly.
[J.R. MacDonald, Environmental Protection Service-Atlantic Region.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):41. July-August, 1976]
R-l26-76
PHYTOPLANKTON-CS
Principal Investigator: Larrance, J.D.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Research Labs., Boulder, CO 80302
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Land Management, No. R7120844
Period: 1/76 to 6/76
Funds: $75,400
The research contract provides for the determination of temporal
and spatial distributions of phytoplankton populations and
primary productivity in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. This study
is in support of an environmental impact assessment of oil and
196
-------
gas development. Data from samples taken will be submitted and
reports written on species composition, standing stock, produc-
tivity, and related variables.
[SSIE No. GUK-70]
R-127-76
Title unknown
Principal Investigator: Wong, C.S.
Performing Organization: Department of the Environment, Ocean
and Aquatic Sciences, Pacific Region,
Ocean Chemistry Division, 211 Harbour
Rd., Victoria, B.C., V9A 352 Canada
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Unknown
Current research: COg cycle, trace methods and marine hydro-
carbons; Beaufort Sea baseline studies.
[American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology News-
letter 15(1):45. 1976]
Reports and Publications
THE ALERT BAY OIL SPILL: A ONE-YEAR STUDY OF THE RECOVERY
OF A CONTAMINATED BAY
Wong, C.S. 1974.
Pacific Marine Science Report 74-9.
Summary not available.
BASELINE INFORMATION ON CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM-
BASED HYDROCARBONS IN THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Wong, C.S., W.J. Cretney, R.W. MacDonald, and P. Erickson.
1974.
Interim report of Beaufort Sea Project Study C3. 51 p.
Chemical oceanographic studies conducted in the Beaufort Sea
drilling area during summer, 1976, indicate that the marine
environment in these waters is very clean. No tar or plastic
wastes were found in the samples. The levels of dissolved
polyaromatic hydrocarbons and gaseous hydrocarbons were
found to be low, approaching those of uncontaminated Pacific
Ocean waters.
DISTRIBUTION OF TAR AND OTHER PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS ALONG
THE BEAUFORT SEA COAST (unpublished manuscript)
Wong, C.S., D. MacDonald, and R.D. Bellegay. 1974.
Interim Report of Beaufort Sea Project Study Cl. 69p.
197
-------
Baseline studies of the distribution of tar and plastic
wastes, areas of natural seepago, and the characterization
of hydrocarbons in sediment and marine organisms along the
Beaufort Sea coast revealed the following results: no tar
pollution or natural seepage was evident; and plastic wastes,
particularly those related to marine seismic activities, were
prevalent. Analytical work involving the characterization
of hydrocarbons is still in progress.
TAR AND PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS ON THE BEAUFORT SEA COAST
Wong, C.S., D. MacDonald, and W.J. Cretney. 1976.
Beaufort Sea Project, Technical report no. 13. 96p.
The report describes the methods and results of a study
designed to establish the baseline distribution of particu-
late pollutants, especially for tar and plastics, in the
present-day Beaufort Sea marine environment; to establish
areas with natural seepage of crude oil; and to determine
the chemical characteristics of hydrocarbons in beach
sediment, nearshore sediment, and marine organisms. Results
indicated that the coastline along the Beaufort Sea studied
in the summers of 1974 and 1975 is very clean with respect
to oil and tar accumulation; however, plastics contamination
of beach areas was prevalent. No natural seepage of crude
oil was found in areas surveyed.
Information Source: C.S. Wong, Canada, Department of the Environ-
ment, Ocean and Aquatic Sciences, Pacific
Region, 211 Harbour Rd., Victoria, B.C.
V9A 3S2 Canada
198
-------
2. REMOTE SENSING
R-013-74 (renewal)
ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE EARTH RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY
SATELLITE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: University of Michigan, Graduate
School, Rackham Building, Ann Arbor,
MI 48104
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The usefulness of space acquired remote sensor data as an aid
to the Coast Guard in the area of oil pollution detection,
monitoring, and law enforcement will be investigated.
[SSIE No. GZF-30-Z]
R-128-76
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACTIVE SPILL DETECTION SYSTEM (ASDS) FOR
REMOTE DETECTION OF OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Texas A and M University System,
Graduate School, College Station, TX
77843
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: Unknown
"Redesign the present lidar signal-processing system for use
with a single-wavelength sensor. Fabricate an electronic signal-
processing subsystem. Design and develop a scan capability into
the monochromatic lidar sensor. Design and develop the micro-
processor hardware. Revise the software algorithm for single-
wavelength, hardened microprocessor. Perform laboratory and
field tests of the ASDS system.
[SSIE No. GZ-58525]
199
-------
3. ANALYSIS
R-129-76
IN SITU POLLUTANT MEASUREMENTS
Principal Investigators: Perkins, R.W., and N.A. Wogman
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box
999, Richland, WA 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration, Biomedical and Environ-
mental Research Division, Contract
E(45-l)-1830
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The study aim is to determine the feasibility of sensitive,
instrumental, analytical techniques for in situ analyses of
pollutants including Hg, As, Pb, Se, Cd, neutral radioisotopes,
and a variety of fission and activation products. Crude oil
fractions and petroleum products which can accumulate in the
sediments will also be studied.
[SSIE No. ZPE-11589]
R-130-76
STUDY ON NATURAL HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigators: Sweet, W.A., and R.A. Geyer
Performing Organization: Texas A and M University System, School
of Geosciences, College Station, TX
77843
Supporting Agency; Cities Service Oil Company
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
The study will locate and study hydrocarbon seeps in the marine
environment, particularly the Gulf of Mexico. Chemical analyses
are being made of tars collected from Texas beaches to determine
their characteristics and possible sources. Chemical characteris-
tics of naturally weathered oil and biological effects in seepage
areas are also being studied. This project has demonstrated that
Gulf producing wells are not sources of tar on Texas beaches.
Reports and Publications
MARINE ACOUSTICAL SEEP DETECTION
Sweet, W.E. 1974.
AAPG Bulletin 5(6):1133-1136.
Summary not available.
200
-------
TAR BALLS IN THE SEA: A NEW SOURCE CONCEPT
Sweet, W.E. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th, Houston, 1974. OTC
No. 2002.
Summary not available.
[SSIE No. BI-450-1]
R-131-76
AUTOMATIC POLLUTION DETECTION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: French Institute of Petroleum, 1-4 Ave.
de Boispreau, Rueil Malmaison France
92502
Supporting Agency: France. French Institute of Petroleum
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The project objectives are to determine the thickness of a layer
of hydrocarbons on the ocean by using extremely-high frequency
and super-high frequency waves, and to eliminate the ambiguity
of hydrocarbon detection by using UV lasers to excite the fluores-
cence of oil.
[SSIE No. BT-959]
201
-------
B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-132-76
DEMONSTRATION OF A LARGE SCALE INNOVATIVE OIL SPILL CONTROL
SYSTEM UTILIZING ELECTRIC FIELDS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: TechnomareEnterprises, Los Angeles,
CA 90024
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard, No. 058412
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: Multiple support
Objectives include: demonstration of the control and containment
of oil spills in fresh water by the utilization of electric fields;
control and containment of oil spills up to about 1 ton at rela-
tive velocities of up to 11 km/hr; and control of the movement
and spreading of the floating oil having a thickness up to about
5 cm.
[SSIE No. GZ-58412]
R-133-76
RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH SEAS OIL CONTAIN-
MENT SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King
Ave., Columbus, OH 43201
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard, No. 058423
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE No. GZ-58423]
202
-------
2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-075-76
CONDUCT TEST IN AN OIL/ICE/WATER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT TEST
FACILITY ON OIL RECOVERY DEVICES
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Arctec Inc., Suite 225, Wilde Lake
Village Green, Columbia, MD 21045
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 1/75 to 6/75 (est.)
The performing agency will 1) prepare for testing the facilities
and devices for Phase 1; 2) assemble and checkout the instrumen-
tation required to obtain data on oil/water recovery rate, oil
recovery rate, recovery efficiency, throughput efficiency, oil
characteristics, characteristics of recovered mixture and ice
thickness, percent coverage, and volume of oil absorbed into
ice; 3) prepare a detailed test plan; and 4) conduct tests.
[MRIS Abstracts 12:#058308. 1975]
Reports and Publications
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN A BROKEN ICE FIELD
Getman, J.H., L.A. Schultz. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976.
Paper no. OTC-2695. p.901-916.
The U.S. Coast Guard is conducting tests on several oil
spill recovery devices which may be effective for recovery
in ice-infested waters. The paper describes the test program
and results. Both Lockheed and Marco spill recovery units
successfully recovered oil under simulated conditions but
proved unreliable in cold environment field tests. Necessary
modifications for improved performance have been identified
and have been implemented for further tests.
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN ICE COVERED WATERS
Getman, J.H., L.A. Schultz, and P.C. Deslauriers. 1975.
International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under
Arctic Conditions, 3rd, University of Alaska, 1975.
The U.S. Coast Guard conducted tests on two oil spill
recovery devices operating in a simulated arctic environment
to determine the oil recovery capability of the two devices
in broken freshwater ice and broken saltwater ice using No.
2 diesel oil and crude oil. These tests demonstrated that
with minor hardware modifications and proper operating
procedures, both devices will successfully recover crude
oil and No. 2 diesel oil spilled in a broken ice field of
moderate ice piece size.
203
-------
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN BROKEN ICE FIELDS. PHASE I.
Schultz, L.A., P.C. Deslauriers, R.P. Voelker, O.M. Halstad,
and D.E. Abrams. 1975
Final report, No. 228-C, USCG-D-130-75; Contract DOT-CG-
51487-A. 91p.
Full size tests of the Lockheed Clean Sweep Model R 2003 and
the Marco Pollution Control Class 1 Oil Recovery System are
reported. Tests using No. 2 diesel oil and crude oil were
done in a simulated Arctic environment in broken fresh water
ice and salt water ice. Only minor hardware modifications
are needed in order for both models to recover spilled oil
in an ice field of moderate ice piece size.
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN BROKEN ICE FIELDS. PHASE II.
Schultz, L.A. 1976.
Final report, No. 273-C, USCG-D-55-76; Contract DOT-CG-51487-
A. 179p.
Summarized are results of tests which measured the effective-
ness of five oil spill recovery devices in removing crude
oil and No. 2 fuel oil in broken ice cover. The recovery
devices were manufactured by Lockheed, Marco, Ocean Systems,
JBF Scientific, and Oil Mop. The natural spill thickness of
crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil in open water and in broken ice
cover was investigated.
Information Source: L.A. Schultz, Arctec, Inc., 9104 Red Branch
Rd., Columbia, MD 21045
R-134-76
SHAKEDOWN AND DEMONSTRATION OF PROTOTYPE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILL
CONTROL DEVICES
Principal Investigator: Sproul.M.L.
Performing Organization: Mason & Hanger Silas Mason Co., P.O.
Box 1316, Edison, NJ 08817
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
Funds: $50,000
The project pertains to the establishment and operation of an
Environmental Emergency Response Unit (EERU) at the EPA facilities
in Edison, New Jersey. The unit will provide for the operation
of oil and hazardous material spill control prototype devices
during spill situations; the repair, modification, and demonstra-
tion of these devices; and the establishment and operation of a
204
-------
set of pilot plants to be used for the determination of the best
practicable application of the prototype equipment and other
equipment and techniques for oil and hazardous materials.
[SSIE No. GMA-2372]
R-l35-76
Title unknown
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Canada, Department of the Environment,
Environmental Emergency Branch, Ottawa,
Ontario K1A OH3
Supporting Agency: Canada, Department of the Environment
Period: Unknown (continuing)
A study is underway to investigate innovative approaches to deal
with oil blow-outs using underwater ignition techniques, contain-
ment methods, channelling devices, etc., as a means by which oil
does not reach the water, ice, or ice/water surfaces.
[W.J. Logan, Environmental Protection Service, Environmental
Emergency Branch. Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):17. July-
August, 1976]
R-l36-75
CURRENT DISPERSANT ACTIVITIES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY
BRANCH
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Canada, Department of the Environment,
Environmental Emergency Branch, Ottawa,
Ontario K1A OH3
Supporting Agency: Canada, Department of the Environment
Period: Unknown (continuing)
The Environmental Emergency branch has initiated several projects
concerning oil dispersants. Studies on the following topics are
being conducted: (1) effectiveness testing and toxicity of
dispersants (Halifax); (2) uptake of labelled chemically and
physically dispersed oil by fish at below lethal levels, and
tests of the avoidance reaction by fish to dispersed oil (P.
Belton and B. McKeown, Simon Fraser Univeristy); (3) effect of
oil on aquatic organisms (Arctic Biological Station, St. Anne de
Bellevue; Bedford Institute of Oceanography); (4) feasibility of
and logistic support needed for the aerial application of disper-
sants in the Beaufort Sea (Dames and Moore); (5) field effective-
ness of dispersants in cold water (Canadian Coast Guard); (6)
dispersant application techniques (to be studied by a recently
established task force of oil industry and government representa-
tives); and (7) the 3-dimensional modelling of the short term fate
205
-------
of chemically and physically dispersed oil. In addition to the
testing work a comprehensive bibliography on dispersants is being
prepared in Halifax and will be published in the new year.
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OILS ON ARCTIC MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Author and date unknown.
Beaufort Sea Technical Report No. 11.
THE EFFECTIVENESS AND TOXICITY OF THE OIL DISPERSANT-OILSPERSE
43-IN LARGE OUTDOOR TANKS
Author and date unknown.
EPS Surveillance Report EPS5-AR-75-8.
Information Source: C.W. Ross, Environmental Protection Service,
Environmental Emergency Branch. Spill Tech-
nology Newsletter l(4):38-39. July-August,
1976]
R-l37-76
IGNITING SPILLED OIL ON ARCTIC ICE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Canada, Department of the Environment,
Environmental Emergency Branch, Ottawa,
Ontario K1A OH3
Supporting Agency: Canada,Department of the Environment
Period: Unknown (continuing)
A project is being undertaken to evaluate the optimum use of
combustion promoters and to study the logistics of burning the
thousands of oiled pools on ice in the spring following a blow-
out.
[W.J. Logan, Environmental Protection Service, Environmental
Emergency Branch. Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):17. July-
August, 1976]
R-l38-76
PERFORMANCE OF A WEIR SKIMMER DEVICE INCORPORATED INTO THE STRUTS
OF A COAST GUARD HIGH-SEAS OIL CONTAINMENT BARRIER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Offshore Devices Inc., Lynn, MA
01902
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
206
-------
Tasks include design, fabrication,and testing of the skimmer
struts; design, construction, and testing of the pumping system;
and testing of the skimming barrier design at the OHMSETT
facility.
[SSIE No. GZ-58528]
Status: The project is still in progress, and no further reports
have been completed.
Information Source: E. Chance Swett, Offshore Devices, Inc.,
106 Sanderson St., Lynn, MA 01902
207
-------
3. RESTORATION
R-139-76
BIONOMICS AND ECOLOGY OF THE JACKASS PENGUIN (SPHENICUS DEMERSUS)
WITH REFERENCE TO CONSERVATION OF THE SPECIES
Principal Investigator: Siegfried, W.R.
Performing Organization: University of Cape Town, Fitzpatrick
Institute, Rondebosch 7700, C.P. 7700,
Capetown, Cape of Good Hope, Republic
of South America
Supporting Agency: National Geographic Society
Period: 5/76 to 5/77
Funds: $30,000
Thousands of jackass penguins are oiled from ships discharging
oil at sea. Efforts are being made to rehabilitate them for
normal growth in the wild. In this study, observers will visit
certain islands at monthly intervals during 1976 and populations
of rehabilitated birds and "normal" birds will be monitored.
Resulting data will permit computer analyses aimed at revealing
differential mortality and breeding success. Information on the
movement of penguins will also be provided.
[SSIE No. BU-678]
208
-------
4. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
R-140-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF A SUPERTANKER PORT OFF THE TEXAS COAST
Unknown
Texas A and M University System, School
of Engineering, P.O. Box FE 44, College
Station, TX 77843
Seadock Inc.
7/74 to 12/75
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Texas A and M Research Foundation has been conducting a study to
estimate adverse and beneficial effects that the proposed super-
tanker port off the Texas coast might have on the marine environ-
ment. Baseline studies of this area were conducted during the
four seasons of the year. Physical, chemical, and biological
parameters have been measured for sampling stations established
along the pipeline route. Computer models were developed to
estimate the probability of an accidental, uncontrolled oil
spill in marine waters.
[SSIE No. BO-170]
209
-------
5. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
R-156-74 (renewal)
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ULTRAFILTRATION
SEPARATION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization
CONCEPT FOR OIL WATER
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Abcor Inc., 341 Vassar St., Cambridge,
MA 02139
U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
7/75 to 6/76
The contractors will evaluate the feasibility of unique concepts
for oil water separation for ultimate use in various shipboard
applications.
[SSIE No. GIF-38-2]
R-141-76
WATER MANAGEMENT STUDY
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Goldstein, P.
N.U.S. Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
15205
American Petroleum Institute
1/75 to 12/75
"Costs for retrofitting three refineries of high complexity with
elimination of discharge of pollutants (EDOP) facilities will be
developed." The resultant outlines of case history costs will
provide guidelines to which individual refineries can refer when
developing their own costs for the incorporation of EDOP systems.
[SSIE No. PAP-116]
R-142-76
SOUR WATER STRIPPER PROCESS DESIGN CRITERIA, CONTROL METHODS, AND
PHASE EQUILIBRIA
Porter, J.W., A.H. Hall, and G.M. Wilson
Bechtel Corporation, 50 Beale St.,
San Francisco, CA
American Petroleum Institute
1/75 to 12/75
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Over 300 sour water strippers could be forced to shut down due
to stricter environmental controls mandated for 1977. Alternatives
involve partial or complete duplication of facilities, special
210
-------
impounding basins, or reliable operation of the strippers. This
program is jointly sponsored by the Committee on Refinery Environ-
mental Control, Committee on Refinery Equipment, and Committee on
Research, Data, and Information Services.
Reports and Publications
SOUR WATER STRIPPER OPERATIONS
Gantz, R.G. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal
STRIPPER PERFORMANCE TIED TO NHs FIXATION
Gantz, R.G. 1975.
Hydrocarbon Processing
Information Source: R.T. Milligan, Bechtel Corporation, P.O.
Box 3965., San Francisco, CA 94119
R-143-76
NATIONAL ECONOMIC MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE AND WASTE
TREATMENT
Principal Investigator: Thompson, R.C.
Performing Organization: University of Houston, School of
Business Administration, 3801 Cullen
Blvd., Houston, TX 77004
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology
Period: 7/74 to 8/75
This project is a continuation of an earlier project, the main
objective of which was to develop production functions for the
five most important water using industries (including the
petroleum refining industry). The proposed project will refine,
extend, and further verify the industrial models to permit
evaluation of the effects of increasing scarcity of clean fuels
on production costs, water use, air pollution, solid waste
residuals, and brine disposal.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1497]
211
-------
R-144-76
WATER RE-USE STUDY
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: N.U.S. Corporation, Rockville, MD
20850
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No.
CREC-1
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The feasibility and cost of achieving a refinery water re-use
system that would result in a zero discharge of pollutants in
accordance with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972
will be determined. Current studies comprise pilot evaluations
of existing methods including various water processing schemes.
Work has concentrated on the water re-use concepts for grass
root refineries.
[SSIE No. PAP-126-1]
212
-------
6. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
R-283-75
OIL SPILL CONTROL COURSE
Principal Instructors: Payne, J.L., and C. Page
Performing Organization: Texas A and M University System,
Texas Engineering Extension Service,
FE Drawer K, College Station, TX
77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 4/75 to unknown
Texas A and M University received a contract from the American
Petroleum Institute to develop an oil spill control course that
would be offered to industry on a continuing basis. The Oil
Spill Control Course, which is currently being offered twice a
month at the University facility in Galveston, provides partici-
pants with the information and training necessary for handling
an oil spill within the capabilities of available manpower and
equipment.
Reports and Publications
OIL SPILLS: FIRE DEPARTMENT RESPONSE AND RESPONSIBILITY
Payne, J.L.
Fire Engineering. In press.
This paper deals primarily with oil spills on land and
suggested methodology for handling such situations.
OIL SPILL: TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY'S EFFORTS
Payne, J.L. 1977.
To be presented at Oil Spill Conference, New Orleans,
March, 1977.
The Oil Spill Control Course conducted in Galveston, Texas,
by Texas A and M University's Engineering Extension Service
will be described. The program's growth and development
will be briefly documented. Topics of importance include:
Educational Objectives, Instructional Modes, and Program
Assessment. An outline of the Engineering Extension
Service's proposals for updating and expanding its training
program will be discussed.
Information Source: J.L. Payne, Texas A and M University System,
Texas Engineering Extension Service, F.E.
Drawer K, College Station, TX 77843
213
-------
R-145-76
PROCEDURES FOR DISPOSAL OF OIL SPILL DEBRIS (OTHER THAN
INCINERATION)
Principal Investigators: Stearns, R.P., D.E. Ross, R.J. Lofy,
and D. Weaver
Performing Organization: SCS Engineers, 4014 Long Beach Blvd.,
Suite 211, Long Beach, CA 90807
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Contract No. 68-03-2200
Period: 7/74 to 6/76
Funds: $97,884
The project objectives are to evaluate historical and literature
base data pertaining to the land disposal of oil spill debris
materials, and to develop an instruction manual and training
film for use in orienting local and state government officials
toward the proper preparation and operation of oil spill debris
disposal sites.
[SSIE No. GMA-2352]
Status: The preliminary draft of the manual and supporting
technical data have been completed and are presently being
reviewed by EPA personnel. The report has been prepared in
two volumes:
Volume I-A procedures manual on oil spill debris disposal
alternatives.
Volume II-Technical information from literature search and
case study investigations at four oily waste disposal sites.
Also, SCS has prepared a training film on the subject which is
being reviewed. It is anticipated that a paper covering the
entire project will be presented at the 1977 Oil Spill Conference
in New Orleans in March.
Reports and Publications
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OIL SPILL DEBRIS DISPOSAL:
A PROGRESS REPORT
Farlow, J.S., and D.E. Ross. 1976.
Paper presented at Tucson, Arizona, February 2, 1976. 5p.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has retained SCS
Engineers, Inc., to prepare a detailed, practical how-to-
do-it manual for oil spill debris disposal and to make an
accompanying film for state and local officials. A
literature search has been conducted and sites for confirm-
ing field studies chosen. Present recommendations for
disposal of recyclable material include soil cultivation,
214
-------
incorporation into an approved sanitary landfill, and
individual burial. A description of the rationale for
selecting certain disposal methods and findings to date
are presented.
Information Source: D.E. Ross, SCS Engineers, 4014 Long Beach
Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90807
215
-------
7. PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
R-146-76
HYDRAULIC RESEARCH FOR OIL SPILL CONTROL IN FLOWING WATERS
INCLUDING STUDY OF INTERFACIAL FRICTION FACTORS FOR OIL SLICKS
(ABBREV.)
Principal Investigator: Moir, J.
Performing Organization: Unknown institute or individual grant,
Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada, Department of the Environment
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $2,333
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE No. WDB-15]
R-147-76
HYDRAULICALLY CONTROLLED SAFETY SYSTEM USED DURING TESTING OF
OIL WELLS FROM A FLOATING DRILLING RIG
Principal Investigator: Turner, R.G.
Performing Organization: Baker Oil Tools Inc., Houston, TX
77001
Supporting Agency: Baker Oil Tools Inc.
Period: 7/74 to 11/74
The system is designed to contain flow out of an oil well in an
ocean environment should a floating drilling vessel have to
move off location during flow testing of oil and/or gas reservoir
potential evaluation or due to weather conditions.
[SSIE No. BO-83]
R-148-76
PROTECTING SEA WATER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: French Institute of Petroleum, 1-4
Ave. de Boispreau, Rueil Malmaison,
France 92502
Supporting Agency: France. French Institute of Petroleum
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
"This project will enable IFF to participate with many non-
French institutions in research within the national context
of France that will identify, evaluate, and reduce the pollu-
tion of the ocean and will enable us to develop petroleum
activities without destroying marine ecology."
[SSIE No. BT-974]
216
-------
C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-101-74 (renewal)
MARINE PETROLEUM POLLUTION-BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
Principal Investigators: Nicol, J.A., and C. VanBaalen
Performing Organization: University of Texas, Marine Science
Institution, Port Aransas, TX 78373
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of National and International
Programs, No. ID073-09740 A01
Period: 1/76 to 12/76
Funds: $111,850
Laboratory and field studies will be conducted to study the
impact of petroleum on bacteria, microalgae, and marine inverte-
brates. An analytical study of aromatic and other petroleum
hydrocarbon fractions found in the field and used for testing
organisms will support the biological effects study.
[SSIE No. GSN-1146-3]
R-255-74 (renewal)
BIOLOGICAL FIELD STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Principal Investigators: Anderson, J.W., and J.M. Neff
Performing Organization: Texas A and M University System, Center
for Marine Resources, College Station,
TX 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 206-75
Period: Unknown (continuing)
The research applies technology and data gained in laboratory
models which measure the toxicity of several oils to the natural
marine environment. Oysters, clams, marine worms, shrimp, and
fish are being exposed and studied for such effects as mortality,
growth, inhibition and enhancement, altered physiology, carcino-
genesis, and reproduction. Any such effects will be related to
appropriate measurements of hydrocarbons in organisms' tissues
and in the environment.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report, API Publication
No. 4275. February, 1976]
217
-------
Reports and Publications (summaries not available)
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDIES ON SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF PETRO-
LEUM HYDROCARBONS
Anderson, J.W. 1977.
Fate and Effects of Petroleum in Marine Ecosystems and
Organisms. Proceedings of NOAA Symposium, Seattle,
November 10-12, 1976. In press.
BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT-SORBED NAPHTHALENES TO THE
SIPUNCULID WORM, PHASCOLOSOMA AGASSIZII
Anderson, J.W., L.J. Moore, J.W. Blaylock, D.L. Woodruff,
an-d S.L. Kiesser. 1977.
Fate and Effects of Petroleum in Marine Ecosystems and
Organisms. Proceedings of NOAA Symposium, Seattle,
November 10-12, 1976. In press.
DISTRIBUTION OF NAPHTHALENES WITHIN EXPOSED FUNDULUS
SIMILUS AND CORRELATIONS WITH STRESS BEHAVIOR
Dixit, D., and J.W. Anderson. 1977.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution,
New Orleans, 1977. In press.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM-DERIVED AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS BY FOUR SPECIES OF MARINE ANIMALS
Neff, J.M., D. Dixit, B.A. Cox, and J.W. Anderson. 1976.
Marine Biology. In press.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF FUEL OIL DERIVED DIAROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS BY THE POLYCHAETE, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
(MOORE)
Rossi, S.S., and J.W. Anderson. 1976.
Marine Biology. In press.
TOXICITY OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND
SOUTH LOUISIANA CRUDE OIL TO SELECTED STAGES IN THE LIFE
HISTORY OF THE POLYCHAETE, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S.S., and J.W. Anderson. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
16:18-24.
Information Source: J.W. Anderson, Battelle, Pacific Northwest
Division, Marine Research Laboratory, Route
5, Box 100, Sequim, WA 98382
218
-------
R-105-76
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONS ON SELECTED ECOSYSTEMS AND
ASSOCIATED ORGANISMS
Principal Investigators: Gibson, C.I., J.R. Vanderhorst, and
R.M. Bean
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box
999, Richland, WA 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration, Biomedical and Environ-
mental Research Division, Contract
E(45-l)-1830
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
This program will examine the laboratory response of populations
and benthic communities to concentrations of single hydrocarbon
compounds and aqueous phase petroleum, and the in situ response
of coastal communities to sediment-bound petroleum.
[SSIE No. ZPE-11367]
Results: "Emphasis during the first half of the year has been
to investigate the utility of concrete construction blocks as
artificial substrates for in situ colonizing and laboratory
treatment of marine intertidal communities to standardize
laboratory delivery of 'soluble1 phase of petroleum, and to
develop on-site analytical capability. Data from concrete
blocks treated with Prudhoe Bay crude oil and allowed to colonize
in situ indicate an apparent reduction in the numbers of species,
numbers of individuals, and biomass in treated as opposed to
untreated blocks. Indices of community structure computed from
the data detect significant (0.05) differences in species diver-
sity and species dominance for experimentals and controls."
Information Source: SSIE No. ZPE-11592.
R-149-76
METABOLISM OF INDIVIDUAL ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
ISOMERS PRESENT IN CRUDE OIL IN WARM AND COLD MARINE SPECIES
(ABBREV.)
Principal Investigators: Bend, J.R., and M.O. James
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, P.H.S. National Institutes
of Health, Durham, NC 27709
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Health,Education,
and Welfare
Period: Continuing
The in vitro metabolism of selected hydrocarbons of crude or
refined petroleum products will be studied in marine species
219
-------
in Florida and compared to earlier works with marine species.
Special attention will focus on the polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons. The effects of pollutant exposure on the subsequent
uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of selected
hydrocarbons in marine animals will also be monitored.
[SSIE No. ZXS-458]
Reports and Publications^
IN VITRO METABOLISM OF XENOBIOTICS IN SOME MARINE ANIMALS
Bend, J.R., M.O. James, and P.M. Dansette. 1976.
Conference on Aquatic Pollutants and Biological Effects
with Emphasis on Neoplasia, New York City, September, 1976.
Annals New York Academy of Sciences. New York Academy of
Sciences. In press,
"This paper describes microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO)
activity in selected marine species native to the East Coast
of North America with several substrates (benzo(a)pyrene,
benzphetamine, and 7-ethoxycoumarin), the further biotrans-
formation of alkene and arene oxides by epoxide hydrase or
glutathione S-transferases, and the effect of fish pretreat-
ment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on MFO and epoxide-
metabolizing enzyme activities in two Florida marine species."
HEPATIC MICROSOMAL AND SOLUBILIZEDMIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASE
SYSTEMS FROM THE LITTLE SKATE, RAJA ERINACEA. A MARINE
ELASMOBRANCH
Bend, J.R., R.J. Pohl, E. Arinc, and R.M. Philpot. 1976.
Third International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug
Oxidations, Berlin, 1976. Oxford, England, Pergamon Press.
In press.
"The sea is a repository for numerous xenobiotics that occur
as environmental contaminants. Many sources of these pollu-
tants are known including dumping of industrial and urban
wastes, atmospheric fallout of airborne substances, runoff
from agricultural areas treated with herbicides or insecticides,
shipping spillage (both accidental and intentional), and
natural seepage of hydrocarbons from underwater oil deposits."
In this paper, the effect of pretreating little skates with
3-methylcholanthrene or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) on hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO)
activity and/or cytochrome P-450 content is reported, as
well as the solubilization, partial purification, and
reconstitution of the hepatic microsomal MFO system from
untreated skates.
220
-------
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASE (MFO) ACTIVITY IN FLORIDA MARINE
SPECIES
James, M.O., and J.R. Bend. 1976.
Pharmacologist 18:207.
"Many chemicals which contaminate the marine environment
are metabolized in mammalian species via the MFO systems
to products which are often more toxic. Cytochrome P-450
content and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin
0-deethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities
were measured in several Florida marine species." Results
are presented .
METABOLISM OF BENZO(A)PYRENE AND OTHER XENOBIOTICS BY
MICROSOMAL MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES IN MARINE SPECIES
Philpot, R.M., M.O. James, and J.R. Bend. 1976.
Sources, Effects and Sinks of Petroleum in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences
Symposium, Washington, D.C., 1976. In press.
Benzo(a)pyrene and other compounds were metabolized by
hepatic microsomal preparations from several species of
teleosts and elasmobranchs. The oxidative metabolism of
xenobiotics by marine species is catalyzed by a microsomal
mixed-function oxidase system. The enzymes cytochrome
P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were shown to be
required for the reconstitution of skate mixed-function
oxidase activity. The absence of mixed-function oxidase
activity in marine species could result in the storage of
dangerous substances in species which are used as a food
source by man.
XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM IN MARINE FISH TREATED WITH 2,3,7,8-
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD), 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE
(3-MC), OR 1,2,3,4-DIBENZANTHRACENE (DBA)
Pohl, R.J., M.O. James, J.R. Fouts, and J.R. Bend. 1976.
Pharmacologist 18:207.
Hepatic microsomal benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) activity
was significantly increased (up to 20-fold) in the little
skate, Raja erinacea, following IP administration of TCDD,
DBA, or 3-MC or oral administration of 3-MC. Similar induc-
tion activity was noted in two teleosts, the winter flounder
(Pseudopleuronectes americanus) after oral TCDD administration
and in the sheepsheacRArchasargus probatocephalus) after IP
3-MC.
Information Source: J.R. Bend, Pharmacology Branch, Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27709
221
-------
R-150-76
RECOVERY OF BENTHIC FAUNA FROMHCHRONIC OIL POLLUTION (N. BALTIC)
Principal Investigator: Leppakoski, E.J. 0
Institute of Biology, Abo Akademi,
SF-20500 Turku, Finland
Unknown
Unknown (continuing)
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Reports and Publications
ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF POLLUTION ON THE BASIS OF MACROZOO-
BENTHOS IN MARINE AND BRACKISH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS
Leppakoski, E. 1975.
Acta Acad. Aboensis B 35(2):1-90.
Information Source:
American Society for Microbiology. Aquatic
Microbiology Newsletter 15(2): 1976]
R-151-76
EFFECT OF POLLUTANTS ON
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT POLYCHAETE SPECIES
Reish, D.J.
California State University and Colleges,
School of Letters and Sciences, 6101 E.
7th St., Long Beach, CA 90840
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
3/75 to 2/76
$63,300
The two main objectives of this research are: to study the effects
of selected heavy metals, pesticides, and petrochemicals on larval,
juvenile, and adult polychaetes through at least one complete life
cycle, and to develop laboratory strains of polychaetes which can
be used as test organisms for these bioassays. A manual will be
presented outlining the procedures to follow for culturing and
conducting bioassays for each species.
[SSIE No. GMA-2455]
R-152-76
ALASKAN OIL SEEPS-THEIR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON THE
INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT
Shaw, P.G.
University of Alaska, Graduate School,
Fairbanks, AL 99701
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
Period: 6/75 to 5/76
Funds: 5130,000
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
222
-------
The effect of chronic low-level petroleum input to the intertidal
environment by oil seeps will be studied. Chemical measurements
of the kinds and amounts of hydrocarbons in water, sediment, and
selected biota of seep and control areas will be conducted.
Biological measurements of the fitness of selected species and
communities in oiled and unoiled sites will focus on phytoplankton
and sessile benthic infauna and epifauna. Based on the results
of the first year's work, a single site and control will be
selected for further study during the following two years.
[SSIE No. GNA-2443]
R-153-76
HYDROCARBON STUDY
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast
Fisheries Center, 75 Virginia Beach D.,
Miami, FL 33149
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Period: 6/76 to 5/77
Funds: $85,000
This study is designed to determine the accumulation and elimina-
tion of a certain carcinogenic aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon by
selected test marine organisms of species that are used for human
consumption. Shrimp and snapper have been chosen as test organisms.
Different tissues of both control and hydrocarbon exposed organisms
will be analyzed at 4-day, 7-day and 14-day intervals up to 35 days.
Animals exposed to 1 ppb hydrocarbons and 5 ppb hydrocarbons for
35 days will be transferred to tanks with uncontaminated seawater
and tissue analyses will be made at the given day intervals.
[R. Farragut, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries
Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, 75 Virginia Beach Dr., Miami,
FL 33149]
223
-------
2. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-296-75 (renewal)
ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY: INTERFACE CHEMISTRY IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON NAVAL OPERATIONS
Principal Investigators: Garrett, W.D., and W.R. Barger
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy Research Laboratory, Washing-
ton, D.C. 20390
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Objectives of the project are: to enhance naval operations by
chemical modification of the air-sea interface, to evaluate the
role of natural, artificial and pollutant suface films on air-sea
interactions, and to determine the influence of organic films on
atmospheric processes. Based on laboratory, test tank, and field
experiments, surface-active chemicals have been selected for use
as sea markers to control oil pollution at naval ship installations.
[SSIE No. ZQN-20190-2]
R-154-76
OIL SPILLS-EFFECT ON ARCTIC LAKE SYSTEMS
Principal Investigators: Barsdate, R.J., and V. Alexander
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, Institute of
Marine Sciences, Fairbanks, AL 99701
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
Period: 7/75 to 7/76
The principal investigators propose to investigate the potential
effects of an oil spill on a large arctic lake by carrying out an
experimental spill and observing the impact and recovery. Initially
a pre-spill baseline study will be done on the proposed site.
Emphasis will be on the analysis of ecosystem function in order to
broaden the applicability of these results to other high latitude
aquatic environments.
[SSIE No. GMA-2449-1]
R-155-76
DISTRIBUTION OF SPILLED OIL IN RELATION TO BEACH MORPHOLOGY
Principal Investigator: Hayes, M.O.
Performing Organization: University of South Carolina, School of
Arts and Sciences, Administration
Building, Room 115, Columbia, SC 29208
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology, No. ENV76-06989
224
-------
Period: 12/75 to 11/76
Funds: $89,600
The objective of this research is to establish a landform-sedi-
mentological classification of the beaches of the Straits of
Magellan which were affected by the 1974 "Metula" oil spill,
and to measure the distribution of oil along the shore. Other
studies will be evaluating the environmental effects of the
spill.
[SSIE No. GSQ-H55]
Status: The field work of the Metula oil spill study was carried
out in a total of ten weeks between August, 1975, and August, 1976.
The purpose of this work is to study a major oil spill as it
effects a coastline which is quite similar to parts of the coast
of New England and Alaska. A final report is expected to be
submitted on November 30, 1976,to the National Science Foundation.
A second project being conducted deals with the "Urquiola" oil
spill of May 12, 1976, in La Coruna, Spain. The field work for
this project was done between May 18 and June 18, 1976. The
object of this study is to delineate the behavior of an ongoing
oil spill as it affects rocky headlands, salt beaches and salt
marshes of a complex ria system. A final report should be
finished by November, 1976.
Reports and Publications
COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTATION OF THE METULA OIL
SPILL SITE IN THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
Hayes, M.O., and E.R. Gundlach. 1975.
Final report (preliminary).
A reconnaissance was made of the "Metula" spill area in
August, 1975, to determine coastal morphological similari-
ties between the affected area and future potential spill
sites in New England and Alaska. Inside the First Narrows
the sediment type and beach morphology show a striking
resemblance to the Pleistocene glaciated shoreline of
Southern New England and the present glacial shorelines of
the south coast of Alaska. Oil was still very much in
evidence in the intertidal portions of the shoreline. To
date, no in-depth studies have been carried out on the
biological and physical impact of the spill. Information
gained from such a study would be useful in planning environ-
mental studies related to petroleum transport and terminals
in the New England and Alaska areas.
Information Source: A.E. Blount, Department of Geology, Univer-
sity of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208
225
-------
R-156-76
POLLUTION AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Principal Investigator: Johnston, R.
Performing Organization: DAFS Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 101,
Victoria Rd., Aberdeen, AB9 8DB,
Scotland
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Unknown (continuing)
Reports and Publications (summaries not available)
WHAT NORTH SEA OIL MIGHT COST FISHERIES
Johnston, R.
Rapports et Proces Verbaux. In press.
THE EFFECTS OF OILY WATERS ON MARINE ORGANISMS FROM WATER
FOR NORTH SEA OPERATIONS
Johnston, R., and A.D. Mclntyre. Date unknown.
Presented at Seminar on the Separation of Oil from Water
for North Sea Operations.
Information Source: American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic
Microbiology Newsletter 15(2):26. 1976]
R-l57-76
OIL AND SEA-ICE PROGRAMS IN THE ARCTIC ISLANDS
Coordinator: A.R. Milne
Performing Organization: Canada, Department of the Environment,
Ocean and Aquatic Sciences (OAS), 1230
Government St., Victoria, B.C. V8W 1Y4
Supporting Agencies: Canada, Department of the Environment;
Department of Indian Affairs and
Northern Development
Period: Unknown (continuing)
Exploratory drilling is underway both offshore and onshore in the
islands of the Canadian Archipelago. To determine the magnitude
of the impact of possible oil spills, the movement of surface
water and sea-ice is being studied and biologically sensitive
foci in the central Arctic Islands defined. The program consists
of the following components: a study of currents in Penny Strait;
under-ice current measurements in Byam and Austin Channels; a
contemporary and historical study of ice movements in the central
Archipelago using satellite imagery; an analysis of historical
oceanographic data; and a definition of wildlife habitat and
populations vulnerable to oil contamination.
[A.R. Milne, Department of the Environment, Ocean and Aquatic
Sciences. Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):11. July-August,
1976]
226
-------
R-l58-76
THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE ARROW SPILL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Summer, 1976
Six scientists, both from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography
as well as from other Canadian and U.S. institutes, have partici-
pated in a major collaborative effort to re-examine the long
term impact of the 1970 "Arrow" oil spill on the Chedabucto Bay,
Nova Scotia environment. Work has shown that the oil stranded
onto shorelines is persistent and flow studies suggest that as
much as 90,000 gallons of Bunker C oil may still remain on
Chedabucto Bay beaches. Efforts of this program are to estimate
total amount and composition of Arrow Bunker C still residual
within the bay system, evaluate the role of microbial degradation
in the deep sediments, evaluate the impact on the biological
component of the bay from an ecological and physiological point
of view, and study physical modifications of the environment.
[J. Vandermeulen, Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Spill
Technology Newsletter 1(3):14-16. May-June. 1976]
227
-------
D. EFFECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-159-76
TOXIC EFFECTS ON THE AQUATIC BIOTA FROM COAL AND OIL SHALE
DEVELOPMENT
Principal Investigator: Skogerboe, R.K.
Performing Organization: Colorado State University, School of
Natural Sciences, Fort Collins, CO
80521
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
Period: 6/75 to 5/76
Funds: $600,000
This research includes an investigation to provide predictive
information on the potential toxicants to the aquatic environment
resulting from coal and oil shale extraction and conversion.
Field and laboratory studies will be conducted to determine the
degree to which those chemicals may be toxic to aquatic organisms
or may become involved as part of the food chain. Concurrent
biological and chemical laboratory and field bioassays as well
as aquatic distribution studies will indicate which toxicants
are most deleterious to aquatic biota.
[SSIE No. GMA-2476]
228
-------
2. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-108-76
ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE OIL FIELD
DEVELOPMENT
Principal Investigator: Hanson, W.C.
Performing Organization: Los Alamos Scientific Lab., P.O. Box
1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development
Adminstration, Biomedical and Environ-
mental Research Division
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
Studies have been made of existing distributions of birds, small
mammals, caribou and the effect of pipeline construction, and
cultural implication of oil development on Eskimo and Indian
societies along the route. The implications of the changes to
human health of inhabitants, transient workers and tourists were
be stressed.
[SSIE No. GPE-5706]
Reports and Publications
ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE OIL DEVELOP-
MENT
Hanson, W.C., and I.E. Eberhardt. 1976.
Biomedical and Environmental Research Program of the LASL
Health Division, Progress report LA-6464-PR; ERDA Contract
W-7405-ENG. 36. p.32-33.
The study objective is to evaluate the ecological consequences
of the construction and operation of the Trans-Alaska pipe-
line by means of selecting indicator organisms from tundra
environments in the vicinity of lands disturbed by explora-
tion, extraction, and transport of North Slope petroleum.
Arctic and red fox populations were selected for study.
During the past year, 26 arctic fox dens were located in
the Prudhoe Bay area, of which 11 were actively used by 9
fox families. An additional 30 arctic and red fox dens were
found along a 40-mile segment of the pipeline route. Live-
trapping operations resulted in the tagging of 42 foxes.
In addition, prey populations of lemmings and shoreline
birds are being mapped and counted to determine interactions
of the foxes and their alternative food resources. Biological
studies on foxes resulted in a large amount of data on arctic
and red fox ranges, denning habits, behavior, food habits,
etc., that are now being summarized.
Information Source: W.C. Hanson, Los Alamos Scientific Lab,
P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544
229
-------
R-160-7C
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR NEW GRASS ROOTS OIL REFINERY
Principal Investigator: Griffin, R.W.
Performing Organization: NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA 15205
Supporting Agency: Hampton Roads Energy Company
Period: 1/75 to 12/75
An environmental impact assessment is being made for the New
Grass Roots Oil Refinery.
[SSIE No. BV-362]
230
-------
E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
R-161-76
MICROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
OF PETROLEUM ACCUMULATION ON BEACHES
Colwell, R.R.
University of Maryland, School of
Arts and Sciences, College Park, MD
20742
U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology, No. ENV76-08310
3/76 to 2/77
$92,000
This project is a part of a broader effort to evaluate the effects
of oil spilled on different beach types. A huge spill area on the
beaches of the Straits of Magellan is being studied. The research
will involve sample collection and measurement of oil effects on
microorganism populations, evaluation of oil effects on oil-
degrading bacteria, and assessment of potential for bacteria to
degrade oi1.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1516]
Supporting Agency:
R-l62-76
NATURAL BIODEGRADATION OF OIL IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS
Principal Investigator: Colwell, R.R.
Performing Organization: University of Maryland, School of
Arts and Sciences, College Park, MD
20742
American Petroleum Institute, No.
OS-20I
Period: 1/75 to 12/75
The project objectives were to determine the rate and mechanisms
of degradation and ultimate fate of oil in the marine environment
through the activity of naturally occurring microorganisms, and
to identify oil biodegradation products by generic types and
determine the percentage of oil components that show little or
no attack by microorganisms. All microbiological work on this
project has been completed. The final report was due to be
completed by March, 1975.
[SSIE No. PAP-108]
231
-------
R-163-76
HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
IN SOILS
Degrange, P., J. Greffard, T. Gugalski,
M. Bourgeois, and C. Vilbert
Ministry of Industry and Research,
Bureau of Geol. Mining Res., 45018
Orleans Cedex, B.P. 6009, Paris, France
France. Ministry of Industry and
Research
7/75 to 6/76
The study is an extension of a previous project concerned with
the biodegradability of hydrocarbons. The invest'gators distri-
buted a predetermined amount of oil on a small area of soil and
followed it through the course of time, comparing it with a
control soil. The following parameters were observed: oil
penetration, physical and chemical changes of the soil, micro-
biological changes.
[SSIE No. BT-929]
R-164-76
Title unknown
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Somerville, H.J.
Shell Research Ltd., Woodstock Labora-
tory, Sittingbourne, Kent, U.K.
Unknown
Unknown
Current research:
microbiology.
[American Society for Microbiology.
letter 15(1). 1976]
Reports and Publications
Environmental microbiology, Hydrocarbon
Aquatic Microbiology News-
DENITRIFICATION AND ALKANE OXIDATION BY PSEUDOMONAS
AERUGINOSA
Swain, H.M., J.A. Cole, and H.J. Somerville. 1975.
Society for General Microbiology: Proceedings 3(1):10-11.
When Pseudomonas aeruqinosa is grown anaerobically with
nitrate, octane, and an additional carbon source, the enzymes
for octane oxidation are induced. This strain is able to
catalyze alkane oxidation and nitrate reduction with a
decrease in biomass of the culture.
Information Source:
H.J. Somerville, Woodstock Laboratory,
Sittingbourne Research Centre, Sittingbourne,
Kent, U.K. ME9 SAG
232
-------
R-165-76
BENEFICIAL STIMULATION OF BACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN GROUND WATERS
CONTAINING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Sun Ventures Inc., 240 Rodnor Chester
Rd., Wayne, PA 19087
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No.
OS-21.2
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Methods of promoting bacterial decomposition of petroleum compo-
nents in groundwaters are being determined. Completed project
No. OS-21.1 indicated that bacterial involvement is widespread
in the case of groundwater contamination by petroleum products.
Current project OS-21.1 has shown that introduction of oxygen and
fertilizer into groundwater was of value in stimulating and
promoting the desired bacterial activity on gasoline in a field
experiment conducted near Ambler, Pennsylvania.
[SSIE No. PAP-122-1]
R-166-76
MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Westlake, D.W.S.
Performing Organization: University of Alberta, Department of
Microbiology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Unknown (continuing)
Reports and Publications (summaries not available)
MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF RAW AND HYDROGENATED SHALE OILS
Westlake, D.W.S., W. Belicek, A. Jobson, and F.D. Cook.
1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22:221-227.
BIODEGRADABILITY OF NORTHERN CRUDE OILS
Westlake, D.W.S., and F.D. Cook. 1976.
Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development,
Ottawa, ALUR Report 1974-75. INA Publication No. QS-8048-
000-EE-A1.
Information Source: American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic
Microbiology Newsletter 15(2):45. 1976]
233
-------
2. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
R-109-74 (renewal)
FATE, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM DERIVED
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE OCEAN AND THEIR SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ON
MARINE ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Sackett, W.M.
Performing Organization: Texas A and M University System,
School of Geosciences, College Station,
TX 77843
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of National and International
Programs, No. ID073-09739 A02
Period: 1/76 to 12/76
Funds: $49,400
The spatial and temporal distribution of low molecular weight
hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Mexico will continue to be studied
along with the sub-lethal effect of these compounds on marine
organisms. A new aspect of the work will involve studies in
and around "underwater flares" of natural gas which are released
into the Gulf during oil well drilling operations.
[SSIE No. GSN-1145-3]
R-34-76
TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION OF REFINERY WASTES IN FRESHWATER COASTAL
REGIONS
Principal Investigators: Harrison, W., and D. McCown
Performing Organization: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700
So. Cass Ave. Argonne, IL 60439
Supporting Agency: Argonne National Laboratory
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The study will begin in waters of southern Lake Michigan. The
dynamics of oil-fouled lake waters will be examined by tagging
water and oily waste with rare earths and by determining down-
current concentrations of these elements in water samples
subjected to neutron activation.
[SSIE No. BP-163]
Reports and Publications
TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION OF OIL-REFINERY WASTES IN THE
COASTAL WATERS OF SOUTHWESTERN LAKE MICHIGAN (EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN—SINKING-PLUME CONDITION)
McCown, D.L., W. Harrison, and W. Orvosh. 1976.
Argonne National Laboratory, Great Lakes Project ANL/WR-76-4.
48p. In press.
234
-------
This first report of a continuing series is concerned with
the design and implementation of a tagging and tracer-
technique applied over a limited period of time (one day)
to the sinking plume emanating from the Indiana Harbor
Canal. Deficiencies in the original experimental design
are discussed, and recommendations are given for their
remedy. More frequent sampling at the South Water Filtra-
tion Plant, Chicago, and the use of an underway water-sampling
system that will permit sampling coverage farther offshore
are the principle improvements required for the 1976/1977
full-scale, sinking plume study.
Information Source: W. Harrison, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 So. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439
R-122-76
FATE OF OIL IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT: DILUTION STUDY OF A
CONTROLLED OIL SPILL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: JBF Scientific Corporation, 2 Jewel
Dr., Wilmington, MA 01887
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 201-75
Period: Unknown
This project supplements the University of California study for
development of an oil spill mathematical model. Oil spill tests
at sea have been designed and conducted in order to obtain
physical and chemical data on the dispersion of oil slicks in
the water column by natural forces. Several hundred samples
were obtained from slicks generated by four contractor planned
oil spills and from 1.5 and 3 meter depths in the water column.
Selected samples were analyzed by Exxon Research and Engineering
Company and Chevron Oil Field Research Company laboratories.
A final report containing results of these analyses and other
data, correlations, and conclusions will be prepared and submitted.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report, API Publication
No. 4275. February, 1976]
Reports and Publications
THE GOWANUS CANAL OIL SPILL (newsbrief)
Anon. 1976.
JBF Scientific Corporation, Wilmington, MA. U.S. Coast
Guard Contract DOT-CG03-6666.
Approximately 9.8 million liters (2.6 million gallons) of
No 2 and No. 6 fuel oils were spilled at Gowanus Canal.
Two oil skimmers manufactured by the JBF Scientific Corpora-
tion were used in cleanup operations and recovered over 5.7
million liters (over 1.5 million gallons) of the spilled oil.
235
-------
JBF DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM (product information)
Anon.
JBF Scientific Corporation, Wilmington, MA. U.S. Navy
Contract N00600-75-C-0948.
The design and development of a debris handling system for
both heavy and light oils with fibrous and hard debris are
described. The system has two parts: one is a grinding
unit which reduces oil mixtures to a slurry; the other is
a clamshell basket crane which collects and removes the
processed slurry from the grinder.
THE APPLICATION OF SKIMMERS, PISTON FILMS, AND SORBENTS FOR
OPEN WATER SPILLS
Bianchi, R.A., E.E. Johanson, and J.H. Parrel!. 1973.
Offshore Technology Conference, 5th, Houston, 1973. OTC
Paper No. 1746. 14p.
A series of oil spill cleanup tests were conducted to assess
the use of skimmers, piston films, and sorbents. Piston
films were effective in preventing the oil from spreading
and sorbents made the slick highly visible to the skinnier
operator. Skimmers were especially effective on oil
escaping from booms, but oil transfer systems were inadequate.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND EVALUATION OF AN OPEN OCEAN
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR USE IN WAVES
Johanson, E.E., R.A. Bianchi, and J.H. Farrell. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th, Houston, 1974. OTC
Paper No. 1995, Vol. 1:559-576.
A program was established by JBF Scientific to design, build,
and test an open sea oil recovery system for high wave
conditions. Past massive spills were studied to establish
operational requirements for the unit. The first system
was built for the U.S. Navy Supervisor of Salvage and tested
in April, 1974.
THE DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION OF A REMOTELY-CONTROLLED HIGH-
SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Neal, R.W., R.A. Bianchi, and E.E. Johanson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution,
San Francisco, 1975. p.395-399.
Results of a program conducted by JBF Scientific Corp. to
demonstrate and test a spilled-oil recovery system under
offshore conditions are given. A skimmer was designed with
236
-------
complete remote control capability. In a test, a relatively
small, unmanned skimmer in remote control successfully
recovered oil in sea state 3.
Information Source:
R.A. Bianchi
2 Jewel Dr. ,
JBF Scientific Corporation,
Wilmington, MA 01887
R-167-76
OIL SPILL CONCENTRATION PREDICTION
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
Barrientos, C.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Systems
Development Office, 8060 13th St.,
Silver Spring, MD 20910
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
7/75 to 6/76
$360,000
The contract provides for the development of a numerical model
which will predict the concentration of petroleum in the oceans
as a function of space and time. Forecast techniques will be
developed to predict local current, wind, and wave fields, data
which have not previously been available. Physical, dynamical,
statistical, and numerical approaches will be used to accomplish
the project objective.
[SSIE No. GMA-2340]
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
R-168-76
COMPUTER MODEL FOR OIL SPILL MOVEMENT IN DELAWARE BAY
Principal Investigator: Biggs, R.B.
University of Delaware, School of
Marine Science, Lewes, DE 19958
U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology, No. ENV76-10618
Period: 3/76 to 2/77
Funds: $160,000
This study is a continuation of a project to develop a computer
model which predicts the two-dimensional movement of an oil spill
in Delaware Bay as a function of space and time. The basic model
has already been developed and tested. The remaining research is
aimed at incorporating into the model severe wind conditions and
behavior of frontals, completing water-oil-emulsification studies
and remote sensing studies, and evaluating in terms of spill
hazard the different ways of handling incoming oil shipments in
lower Delaware Bay.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1522]
237
-------
Reports and Publications
SPORT FISHING IN WESTERN DELAWARE BAY: ASSESSMENT OF
CRITICAL AREAS
Smith, R.W. 1975.
University of Delaware, Final report, CMS-RANN-2-75. 22p.
Because marine sport fishing greatly contributes to the
economy and recreation of the Delaware Bay region, a study
of fish distributions and densities was conducted to find
suitable locations for ship anchorage which would not
impair sport fishing. This study was conducted as a part
of the project. Research on the Effects of Crude Oil Transfer
and Upstream Refineries on Delaware Bay, sponsored by the
National Science Foundation.
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON BENTHIC AND PLANKTONIC ASSEMBLAGES
IN LOWER DELAWARE BAY
Author unknown. 1976.
CMS-RANN-3-76. In press.
REMOTE SENSING OF ESTUARINE FRONTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON
POLLUTANTS
Klemas, V., and D. Polis. 1976.
CMS-RANN-4-76. In press.
MODELING OF OIL EVAPORATION IN AN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT
Wang, H., W.C. Yang, and C.P. Huang. 1976.
CMS-RANN-5-76. In press.
COMPUTER MODELING OF OIL DRIFT AND SPREADING IN DELAWARE
BAY
Wang, H., J.R. Campbell, and J.D. Ditmars. 1976.
University of Delaware, Final report, CMS-RANN-1-76. 58p.
A computer model was developed for the prediction of oil
spill dispersion in Delaware Bay. The effect of waves on
drifting and spreading, diffusion coefficients of oils,
and wind effects are all accounted for in the model. This
study was conducted as a part of the project, Research on
the Effects of Crude Oil Transfer and Upstream Refineries
on Delaware Bay, sponsored by the National Science Foundation,
238
-------
SATURATED HYDROCARBON MATERIAL IN SEDIMENTS OF THE DELAWARE
ESTUARY AS DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES
Wehmiller, J.F., and M. Lethan. 1975.
University of Delaware, Final report, CMS-RANN-3-75. 87p.
This report presents a preliminary interpretation of the
analysis of hydrocarbon material in sediments of the
Delaware estuary as determined by solvent extraction, column
chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography. Thirty-five
stations from Philadelphia to the bay mouth have been analyzed.
Several stations have been reoccupied and reanalyzed following
the oil spill from the "Corinthos" tanker explosion on
January 31, 1975; many of these "post-Corinthos" samples
are discussed in the appendix to the report.
SEA-SURFACE DRIFT CURRENTS
Wu, J. 1975.
Offshore Technology Conference, 7th, 1975. Paper no. OTC
2294. 8p.
In studies of wind and wave-induced surface drift currents
at various fetches, the ratio between the wind-induced
drift and the wind velocity was found to decrease with the
increasing fetch, while the ratio between the wave-induced
drift and the wind velocity was found to increase with the
fetch. The total surface drift is almost independent of
the wind fetch and is about 35% of the wind velocity at
long fetches. This work is a part of the project, Research
on the Effects of Crude Oil Transfer and Upstream Refineries
on Delaware Bay, sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
Information Source: R.B. Biggs, University of Delaware, College
of Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19711
R-169-76
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE FOOD WEB
Principal Investigator: Lee, R.F.
Performing Organization: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography,
Savannah, GA 31406
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Ocean Sciences, No. OCE74-
05283 A01
Period: 3/76 to 2/77
Funds: $57,000
The objective of the proposed research is to further the under-
standing of the uptake, metabolism, storage, and discharge of
petroleum hydrocarbons in marine phytoplankton and zooplankton.
The distribution of a hydrocarbon within tissues, induction of
239
-------
hydrocarbon-degrading enzymes after oil exposure, and identifica-
tion of hydrocarbons by both radiolabeled and non-labeled types
in petrogenic metabolites will be studied in four phyla of
benthic invertebrates. Microbial degradation work will involve
the addition of C-hydrocarbon to inshore and offshore water
samples followed by a collection of 1^C02 and water soluble
products.
[SSIE No. GSN-1508-2]
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF FOUR OILS ON COASTAL MARINE BACTERIAL POPULATIONS:
A CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION EXPERIMENT
Hodson, R.F., F. Azzam, and R.F. Lee. 1977.
Bulletin of Marine Science. In press.
Summary not available.
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON
Lee, R.F. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution,
San Francisco, 1975. p.549-553.
Several groups of zooplankton from the northwest North
American coast rapidly took up various hydrocarbons.
Crustaceans metabolized these hydrocarbons but jellyfish
did not. The benzpyrene ingested by a copepod was depurated
to 1 x 10~5 ug in 17 days; no further loss occurred.
METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS
Lee, R.F. 1977.
Symposium on Sources, Effects and Sinks of Petroleum in
the Aquatic Environments, August 9-11, 1976. Washington,
D.C., American Institute of Biological Sciences. In press.
The paper discusses the importance of microfauna, meiofauna,
and macrofauna in the metabolism of sediment hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbon degrading microbes, high in areas of oil input,
rapidly degrade the alkanes while more slowly degrading the
isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Meiofauna and benthic macrofauna expose deeper sediments to
the water-sediment interface during the process of feeding
and allow for microbial degradation. Active enzyme systems
are present in the polychaete worms which metabolize
hydrocarbons. Bacteria and animals metabolize aromatic
hydrocarbons by different mechanisms with bacteria producing
cis-diols while animals degrade them to trans-diols. These
compounds are eventually degraded to carbon dioxide or
excreted by animals.
240
-------
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Lee, R.F. 1976.
Guideline Manual on Use of Bioaccumulators in Monitoring
Programmes. J.E. Portmann (ed.). Rome, Italy, Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In press.
Summary not available.
FATE AND EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENES IN CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM
ENCLOSURES
Lee, R.F., and J.W. Anderson. 1977.
Bulletin of Marine Science. In press.
Approximately lOg of naphthalenes were added to one quarter
scale CEPEX enclosure (June, 1975) resulting in a concentra-
tion of 160 pg/liter. A control enclosure was established.
After one day, the amount of naphthalenes in the water was
reduced by 50% and gradually decreased to near background
levels in 20 days. The decrease could be accounted for by
adsorption to sinking phytoplankton and microbial degradation.
An immediate decline in the phytoplankton population in both
enclosures was observed, and 3.2g of naphthalenes were
associated with the sediment on day 4. Because of this
"crash" no studies on naphthalene effects on phytoplankton
were made. There was an immediate decrease in ctenophores
in the treated enclosure and copepod numbers were comparable
in the two enclosures.
METABOLISM OF HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE INVERTEBRATES. ARYL
HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE FROM THE TISSUES OF THE BLUE CRAB,
CALLINECTES SAPIDUS. AND THE POLYCHAETE WORM, NEREIS SP.
Lee, R.F., E. Furlong, and S. Singer. 1977.
Biological Effects Program Workshop, College Station, Texas,
May 16-19, 1976. National Science Foundation/International
Decade of Ocean Exploration. In press.
Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was observed in homogenates
from the gill, blood, hepatopancreas and green gland of the
blue crab and in the stomach and intestine of the polychaete
Nereis virens. Most of the activity was associated with the
microsomes. The enzyme of both organisms was similar to the
hydroxylase system of mammals and fish in optima pH and
temperature; inhibition by EDTA, detergents, and phospholipase
C; induction of activity by benzanthracene; metabolism of
benzopyrene; and NADPH, oxygen and magnesium requirements.
241
-------
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY MARINE MICROBES
Lee, R.F., and C. Ryan. 1976.
Biodeterioration of Materials. J.M. Sharpley and A.M. Kaplan
(eds.). Essex, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1976.
Vol. 3. In press.
Paraffinic and aromatic ^C-labeled hydrocarbons were added
to estuarine and offshore water samples followed by measure-
ment of '^C02 produced after periods of 6 to 96 hours.
Degradation rates ranged from 4.4 ug/l/day for naphthalene
at 130 ppb to 0.002 ug/l/day for benzpyrene at 5 ppb. High
degradation rates were recorded for benzene, toluene,
naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, heptadecane, hexadecane,
and octadecane. The results support the conclusion that
microbes are significant in degrading many petroleum
hydrocarbons in marine waters. However, based on low
degradation rates of benzpyrene and fluorene, it is hypo-
thesized that microbial breakdown of high molecular weight
aromatics is not an important process in water.
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS TAKEN UP FROM FOOD AND WATER
BY THE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTES SAPI PUS
Lee, R.F., C. Ryan, and M.L. Neuhauser. 1976.
Marine Biology. In press.
Radioactive labeled paraffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons
were ingested from food and water by the blue crab,
Callinectes sapidus. Of the radioactivity assimilated,
more than 50% was in the hepatopancreas, and after 25 days
radioactivity was found only in the hepatopancreas, a
possible site for hydrocarbon metabolism. No evidence
was found for storage of hydrocarbons and elimination of
the hydrocarbons was principally through excretion.
THE FATE AND EFFECT OF PETROLEUM IN CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM
ENCLOSURES
Lee, R.F., and M. Takahashi. 1976.
Rapports et proces-Verbaus des Reunions. Conseil Interna-
tional pour 1'Exploration de la Mer. In press. (Workshop:
Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment No. 65.)
The addition of No. 2 fuel oil at concentrations of 20 and
40 ppb to experimental enclosures produced major changes
in the ecosystems in terms of primary and secondary producers.
At the higher concentration microbial degradation increased
markedly and after 3 days the naphthalene degradation rate
242
-------
had increased from 0.2 to 2.5 ug/liter/day. The major change
in the populations after petroleum addition was a decline in
diatoms and an increase in micro-flagellates, tintinnids, and
rotifers.
CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS: THEIR USE IN THE STUDY OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS ON PLANKTON
Lee, R.F., M. Takahashi, J.R. Beers, W.H. Thomas, D.L.R.
Seibert, P. Koeller, and D.R. Green. 1976.
Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms. A. Calabrese
and J. Vernberg (eds.). New York, Academic Press. In press.
Information Source:
R.F. Lee, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography,
P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, GA 31406
R-170-76
FATE AND EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON PERMAFROST
Principal Investigators: McFadden, C., and C. Slaughter
Performing Organization: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and
Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 282,
Hanover, NH 03755
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
7/75 to 6/76
Supporting Agency:
Period:
The ultimate fate, decomposition products, and rate of decomposition
will be monitored on 7.6 1 to 7600 1 (2-2000 gal) crude oil spills
on Black Spruce-dominated,permafrost underlain tundra. Degrada-
tion by microrganisms, solar radiation, and evaporation will be
monitored. Spills will be carried out in winter to determine
the interaction of snow and effect of breakup, and in summer to
observe the effects of crude oil on foliage.
[SSIE No. GMA-2723]
R-171-76
POROSITY OF MULTI-YEAR ICE
Coordinator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
A.R. Milne
Canada, Department of the Environment,
Ocean and Aquatic Sciences, Arctic
Marine Science Program, Victoria
Canada, Department of the Environment,
Environmental Protection Service
Unknown (continuing)
243
-------
The permeability of multi-year ice from early to late summer is
being investigated. Air is pumped under the ice and its depletion
from under ice domes, if any, is observed using an underwater TV
camera. A variety of other experiments is underway, all of which
should make oil spill contingency plans more realistic in seas
where oil can get trapped under multi-year ice. The experiments
are being conducted near Byam Martin Island.
[A.R. Milne, Department of the Environment, Ocean and Aquatic
Sciences. Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):12. July-August,
1976]
R-l72-76
DEVELOPMENT OF A CHEMICAL, STABILITY, AND TRANSPORT MODEL OF OIL
SHALE PROCESS WASTES IN SOIL
Principal Investigators: Routson, R.C., R.M. Bean, and R.J.
Seme
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box
999, Richland, WA 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development Admin.
Biomedical and Environmental Research
Division, Contract E (45-l)-1830
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The source, transport, and physical and chemical reactions,
stability, and fate of oil shale process wastes will be investi-
gated and modeled. Batch and column studies will be used to
measure the equilibrium and kinetic parameters which control
the fate and transport of the wastes and leachates through typical
soil systems of oil shale regions. A computer simulation program
will be developed to predict pollutant transport through these
soils.
[SSIE No. ZPE-11372]
R-173-76
FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION-SPREAD OF HYDROCARBON LAYERS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: French Institute of Petroleum, 1-4 Ave.
de Boispreau, Rueil Malmaison, France
92502
Supporting Agency: France. French Institute of Petroleum
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
An oil spring yields a given quantity of crude oil, and the
pollutant hydrocarbons thus accumulated spread very rapidly
to the water surface and are carried in one or more directions
by winds and currents. The project objective is to estimate the
spread of hydrocarbon layers in oceans under the effect of winds
and currents using mathematical models.
[SSIE No. BT-991]
244
-------
R-l74-76
POLAR PACK EXPERIMENT IN THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Norcor Engineering and Research Ltd.,
Yellowknife, N.W.T. XOE 1 HO Canada
Supporting Agencies: Environmental Emergency Branch, Environ-
mental Protection Service, and Ocean
and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and
Marine Service, Department of the
Environment
Period: 11/75 to 3/76
The aim of the project is to improve the prediction of the large
scale movement of oil spills in the transitional ice zone between
the stationary landfast ice near shore and the moving permanent
polar pack ice further offshore. A field camp on a small
island in the seasonal polar pack ice zone of the south-east
Beaufort Sea was manned by NORCOR personnel with helicopter
support between mid-November, 1975, and March, 1976 (except for
a period between December and January). As "ground truth" data
was being acquired, additional information from NOAA and NASA
satellites and the AIDJEX program was collected. A final report
was planned by August, 1976.
[W.J. Logan. Environmental Protection Service, Environmental
Emergency Branch. Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):16. July-
August, 1976]
R-l75-76
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF OIL MOVEMENT DUE TO
A CURRENT UNDER UNIFORMLY THICK ICE
Principal Investigators: Uzuner, M.S., R.P. Voelker, and F.B.
Weiskopf
Performing Organization: Arctec Inc., 9104 Red Branch Rd.,
Suite 255, Ellicott City, MD 21045
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Contract 68-03-2232
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
Funds: $55,000
Research is directed at developing a full-scale prediction model
of the behavior of oil under an ice cover in the presence of
flowing water. A series of model tests are planned in ARCTEC's
Ice Flume located in a refrigerated laboratory in order to obtain
a full-scale prediction of oil transport under ice. Knowledge
in this area is needed so that necessary safeguards can be
installed and plans initiated should an oil leak occur during
petroleum activities in cold regions.
[SSIE No. GMA-2410]
245
-------
The research program was completed in December, 1975. The draft
final report is still under review by the Environmental Protection
Agency and therefore is not yet available to the public.
Reports and Publications
OIL SLICK SPREADING BENEATH A UNIFORM ICE COVER IN THE
PRESENCE OF A CURRENT
Weiskopf, F.B., and M.S. Uzuner. 1977.
To be presented at Oil Spill Conference, New Orleans,
March, 1977.
Previous studies of oil spill extent and spreading rates
conducted in still water beneath solid ice indicated that
a spreading oil slick passes through three distinct phases:
a gravity inertia phase, viscous-gravity phase, and viscous-
surface tension phase. This study, which incorporated into
the system a steady current of water beneath the ice cover
and used crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil in tests, indicates
that a fourth phase of spreading motion occurs in the
presence of a current. This phase was identified as a
turbulent drag-viscous drag phase. Based on test data, a
first approximation predictor equation was developed for
predicting the spreading of oil beneath uniform ice cover
in the presence of a current.
Information Source: L.A. Schultz, Arctec, Inc., 9104 Red Branch
Rd., Columbia, MD 21045
246
-------
SECTION III: CURRENT CONFERENCES
*Additional information not available at time of publication
Aug. 29-
Sept. 3 American Chemical Society Centennial Meeting (172nd
National Meeting), San Francisco, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Division of Analytical Chemistry
General Session - Liquid Chromatography
Paper 45
AN ANALYTICAL SCHEME FOR THE SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION OF
THE BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM
Petrakis, L., D.M. Jewell, and W.F. Benusa
Division of Environmental Chemistry
General Session
Paper 14
STATE OF THE ART CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO
THE ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE TISSUES
May, W.E., S.A. Wise, S.N. Chesler, B.H. Gump, and
H.S. Hertz
Symposium on Polymers with Environmental Applications
Paper 35
SEABOOM (TM), A PERMANENT OIL CONTAINMENT BARRIER
Tedeschi, E.T.
Paper 60
PRESERVATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN WASTE AND SURFACE
WATERS
Carter, M.J., and M. Huston
Division of Fuel Chemistry
Symposium on Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Related Materials
Supporting Research for Fossil Fuel Extraction
Paper 40
SIMULATED GROUND WATER LEACHING OF IN SITU RETORTED OR
BURNED OIL SHALE
Parker, H.W., R.M. Bethea, N. Guren, M.N. Gazdar, and
J.K. Owusu
247
-------
General Session - Analysis and Structure
Paper 53
SEPARATION AND ANALYSES OF PETROLEUM RESIDUES
McKay, J.F., P.J. Amend, P.M. Harnsberger, T.E.
Cogswell, and D.R. Latham
Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Symposium on Transfer of Chemical Pollutants between
Air and Water
Paper 23
MASS TRANSFER OF LOW SOLUBILITY MATERIALS ACROSS AN AIR-
WATER INTERFACE
McKay, D., and Y. Cohen
Symposium on Instrumentation for Pollution Control
Monitoring — Water Pollution
Paper 96
OIL-IN-WATER MONITORING ABOARD TANKERS
Berto, F.J.
Division of Microbial and Biochemical Technology
General Session
Paper 60
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF APPLYING DESULFOVIBRIO GROWTH TO
OIL SHALE RETORT WATER FOR ELIMINATION OF ORGANIC AND
INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
Findley, J.E., W.H. Wong, and T.F. Yen
Paper 61
BIODEGRADATION OF THE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN OIL SHALE
RETORT WATER
Kime, K.E., W.H. Wong, T.G. Anyong, J.E. Findley, and
T.F. Yen
Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Inc.
Symposium on Microbiological Processes in Petroleum
Paper 1
MICROBIAL ALTERATION OF CRUDE OIL
Winters, J.C.
Paper 2
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Gibson, D.T.
Paper 3
FATE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN NATURE
McAuliffe, C.D.
248
-------
FFI contact Meetings Department, American Chemical Society,
1155 16th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036.
*Sept. 6-8 Water Research Centre: Groundwater Quality-Measurements,
Prediction, Protection, Reading University, United
Kingdom, 1976.
FFI contact Conference Organizer, WRC Medmenham Laboratory,
Henley Rd., Medmenham, P.O. Box 16, Marlow, Bucks SL7
2ND, U.K.
Sept. 13-24 Joint Oceanographic Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1976.
Sponsored by the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
The scientific program included six general symposia on
oceanography, marine life and the marine environment,
and 11 specialized symposia covering various topics.
Symposium S-8, entitled Ocean Engineering (I.G.A.
Heyning, convenor), covered topics on marine pollution
prevention and environmental parameters.
FFI contact the Organizing Committee, Joint Oceanographic
Assembly 1976, The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 22
George St., Edinburgh EH2 2PQ, Scotland, U.K.
*Sept. 20-25 Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties to the
Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping
Wastes and Other Matter, 1st, London, 1976.
Sponsored by the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization.
FFI contact the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization, 101-104 Picadilly, London W1V OAB England,
U.K.
*Sept. 21-24 Offshore North Sea Technology Conference and Exhibition,
2nd, Stavanger, Norway, 1976.
FFI contact NOROIL Publishing House, Conference
Department, P.O. Box 480, 4001 Stavanger, Norway.
*Sept. 22-24 Joint Conference on Models in Air and Water Pollution,
London, 1976.
Sponsored by United Kingdom Institute of Measurement
and Controls, and Koninklijk Institut van Ingenieurs/
Netherlands.
FFI contact Institute of Measurement and Control, 20 Peel
Street, London W87PD. England, U.K.
249
-------
*Sept. 22-24 International Association of Drilling Contractors
Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1976.
FFI contact the International Association of Drilling
Contractors, 7500 Harwin Drive, Suite 305, Houston,
TX 77036.
Sept. 27-29 Conference on Aquatic Pollutants and Biological Effects
with emphasis on Neoplasia, New York City, 1976.
Sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences.
The conference focused on marine contamination, its
effects on fish and humans, and environmental health
requirements.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Introductory Remarks
OVERVIEW ON AQUATIC POLLUTANTS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
Kraybill, H.F.
Summary not available.
Session: Biological Effects of Pollutants
Paper 8
EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON AQUATIC POLLUTANTS
Voll, M.J., J. Isbister, L. Isaki, M. McCommas, and
R.R. Colwell
The rate of physical and microbial degradation of
crude and refined oils in estuarine and marine
environments depends on such parameters as microbial
species, geographic area, climate and temperature.
The present study is concerned with the possible
production of carcinogens and mutagens during physical
weathering and biodegradation of oil. Preliminary
findings indicate the presence of mutagens in the
heavily oil-polluted waters and sediments of
Chesapeake Bay; however, under controlled laboratory
conditions biodegradation of oil extracts has not
resulted in detectable mutagenic activity.
250
-------
Session: Neoplasms in Aquatic Animals-1
Paper 20
TISSUE LESIONS OF TIGER SALAMANDERS (AMBYSTOMA
TIGRINUM): RELATIONSHIP TO SEWAGE EFFLUENTS
Rose, F.L.
Larval tiger salamanders inhabiting a sewage lagoon
were found to have an exceptionally high rate of
spontaneous tissue lesions. In contrast, no neo-
plasms were detected on larvae sampled from non-
sewage lagoons. Analyses of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons revealed traces of benzo(a)pyrene in
the sludge; and a high concentration of perylene
(300 ppb), a constituent of jet fuel, was detected.
As a result of this study, it is suggested that
perylene be retested as a possible tumorigenic agent
in non-mammalian species.
Session: Neoplasms in Aquatic Animals-II
Paper 28
MARINE ANIMAL NEOPLASMS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL POLLUTION
Yevich, P.P., and C.A. Barszcz
"Soft shell clams, Mya arenaria, from various coastal
areas of the United States have been examined since
1967. Neoplasms were observed only in animals
collected from oil spill sites in Maine. The first
tumors, as reported by Barry and Yevich, were dis-
covered in soft shells collected from a chronic JP5
and #2 fuel oil spill site at Long Cove, Searsport,
Maine, in 1971. These tumors were malignant and
of gonadal origin. In all subsequent surveys, this
type of tumor was found in animals from almost all
stations examined with incidences of tumors ranging
from 2-26%. However, since the 1974-75 survey,
animals from one station which had previously
developed gonadal tumors, now had hemopoietic tumors
of connective tissue origin. At Harpswell, Maine,
the site of a chronic JP4 oil spill, soft shell
clams have been examined periodically since 1973.
An incidence of 14-29% of hemopoietic tumors was
found in these clams."
251
-------
Session: Biological Effects-Marine Animals-Health
Implications-Man
Paper 30
THE METABOLIC FATE OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE
ORGANISMS
Malins, D.C.
It is now recognized that marine organisms of great
phylogenetic diversity (excluding phytoplankton
and certain molluscs) convert oil components such
as naphthalene and benzo[a]pyrene to hydroxylated
derivatives during metabolic processes. These
metabolic conversions lead to the formation of
conjugates, such as glycosides, sulfates, mercapturic
acid and glucuronic acid derivatives. The presence
of PCB contaminants may influence metabolic
regulation of aromatic hydrocarbons in marine fish
and thus alter their toxic effects.
Paper 32
IN VITRO METABOLISM OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SOME
MARINE ANIMALS
Bend, J.R., M.O. James, and P.M. Dansette
Marine animals are exposed to a variety of hydro-
carbons introduced into the marine environment by
offshore drilling and production activity, tanker
accidents and discharges, leakage and natural seeps.
The ability of marine species to metabolize such
hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons, into excretable or activated products is an
important factor in the disposition and possible
toxic effects of these substances. This paper
summarizes the findings concerning the activity,
inducibility, and tissue distribution of microsomal
mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity of selected
marine vertebrates and invertebrates using benzo(a)
pyrene, benzphetamine and 7-ethoxycoumarin substrates.
In addition, the biotransformation of alkene and
arene oxides by epoxide hydrase or glutathione S-
transferases, and the effects of fish pretreatment
with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on MFO and epoxide-
metabolizing enzyme activities in two Florida
marine species are described.
FFI contact the New York Academy of Sciences, 2 East
Sixty-third Street, New York, NY 10021.
252
-------
Sept. 27-
Oct. 1 International Ocean Development Conference and
Exhibit!on,4th, Tokyo, Japan, 1976.
The theme of the conference was "Man and the Sea-
Development in Harmony" and included topics on
technology for monitoring and control of oil pollution.
The Exhibition featured displays on prevention and
control of marine pollutants including oil fences
and booms, oil skimmers, and measuring and monitoring
systems.
FFI contact the Secretariat, International Ocean
Development Conference and Exhibition, c/o Japan
Management Association,1-22, 3-chome, Shiba-Koen,
Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105 Japan.
Oct. 3-8 Water Pollution Control Federation Conference, 49th,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 7. Control and Treatment of Urban and Rural
Surface Runoff
MITIGATION OF POLLUTANTS IN RUNOFF FROM HIGHWAY
SOURCES
Howell, R.B., and E. Shirley
Session 17. International Session
MARINE ECOLOGY AND OIL POLLUTION - THE WORK OF THE
OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT
Baker, J.
Session 29. Industrial Wastes Research
REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL WITH ORGANIC COAGULANTS
AND DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
Luthy, R.G., R.E. Selleck, and T.R. Galloway
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGES
Liu, D.
FFI contact the Water Pollution Control Federation,
2626 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037.
253
-------
Oct. 4-6 Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, 26th,
Toronto, Canada, 1976.
Sponsored by the Canadian Society of Chemical Engineers,
Environmental topics included paper(s) on treatment
of liquid and solid wastes and sublethal toxicity of
treated oil refinery wastes.
FFI contact the Canadian Society of Chemical Engineers,
151 Stater Street, Suite 906, Ottawa, Ontario KIP
5H3 Canada.
*0ct. 4-7 World Offshore Exhibition and Conference, London, 1976.
Sponsored by the London Chamber of Commerce and
Industry.
FFI contact Mr. Dermot B. Graham, Fairs and Exhibition
Ltd., 21 Park Square East, Regent's Park, London NW1
4LH, England, U.K.
*0ct. 19 New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania Water Pollution/
Treatment/Test Seminar, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, 1976.
The meeting and workshop included 16 papers and 4
workshops, several of which covered various aspects of
oil pollution.
FFI contact Mr. W.B. Rossnagel, President Rossnagel
and Associates, Headquarters Division, 1990 Route 70,
Cherry Hill, NJ 08003.
*0ct. 26-30 Antipollution '76, Milan, Italy, 1976.
FFI contact Presidence, Comis, Via Boccaccio 7, 20123
Milan, Italy.
*Nov. 9-11 International Pollution and Engineering Exposition and
Conqress, 5th, Anaheim Convention Center, California,
1976.
Exhibits will include oil pollution control equipment
such as oil skimmers; booms and adsorbents; waste-
water treatment systems; and a wide array of instruments,
accessories, and services for the prevention, control,
and monitoring of all types of pollutants. The congress
will consist of a total of 30 sessions.
254
-------
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 6:
THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY:
1976 ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS
De Falco, P.,Jr., and H.E. Smith
Session 7:
REDUCING THE RISKS FROM PLANT-PRODUCED SPILLS
Meinhold, T.F.
CONSTRUCTING A SPILL PREVENTION PLANT IN COMPLIANCE
WITH EPA REGULATIONS
Weiss, W.H.
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO REDUCING AND HANDLING IN-PLANT
BULK LIQUID TERMINAL PETROCHEMICAL SPILLS
Hooper, M.
Session 12
TRAINING TO ALERT PLANT EMPLOYEES TO AVOID POLLUTANT
HAZARDS
Ross, W.K.
Session 17
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND PROGRAMS
Young, R.A., and J. Quarles
FFI contact Clapp and Poliak, Inc., 245 Park Ave.,
New York, NY 10017.
Nov. 10-12 Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine
Ecosystems and Organisms, Seattle, Washington, 1976.
Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and NOAA's Outer Continental Shelf Environmental
Assessment Program.
The symposium will focus on the distribution and effects
of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine ecosystems,
especially in the cold-water regimes of arctic to sub-
arctic latitudes. Papers will be presented on physical
distribution and transport of petroleum in the marine
environment, biological accumulation, turnover and
metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine
organisms, and acute toxicity and sublethal effects of
petroleum exposure to marine organisms.
255
-------
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Plenary Session: Inputs and Physical Transport
of Petroleum
OIL SPILLS IN THE ALASKAN COASTAL ZONE - THE
STATISTICAL PICTURE
Harrald, J.R., and C.C. Bates
HYDROCARBONS IN THE WATER COLUMN
Shaw, D.G.
OIL SLICK MOVEMENT IN ALASKAN WATERS
Kinney, P.J.
OIL SLICK WEATHERING
McAuliffe, C.D.
Plenary Session: Bioaccumulation and Biotrans-
formations of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
BIODEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Gibson, D.T.
BYCONVERSIONS AND METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS
Malins, D.C.
ACCUMULATION AND TURNOVER OF HYDROCARBONS IN
MARINE ORGANISMS
Lee, R.F.
FOOD WEB TRANSPORT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Teal, J.
Plenary Session: Biological Effects of Petroleum
Hydrocarbons in Marine Systems
COMPARATIVE TOXICITIES OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN
MARINE ORGANISMS
Rice, S.D.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Anderson, J.
MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES PRODUCED BY HYDROCARBON
EXPOSURE
Hawkes, J.
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM IN MARINE SYSTEMS
Michael, A.P.
256
-------
Session A-l: Biological Effects
FUEL OILS: EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE EXTRACTS ON
MICROALGAE
Batterton, J., K. Winters and C. Van Baalen
MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON AND PETROLEUM: INFLUENCE ON
GROWTH RATES, CHLOROPHYLL LEVELS AND RECOVERY FROM
TOXIC EFFECTS
Mills, E.R.,Jr., and S.M. Ray
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF STUDIES ON THE TOXICITY AND
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON MARINE
PHYTOPLANKTON IN ALASKAN COASTAL WATER
Alexander, V.
EFFECTS OF CERTAIN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ON REPRODUCTION
AND GROWTH OF ZYGOTES AND JUVENILE STATES OF THE
ALGA, FUCUS EDENTATUS DE LA PYL
Steele, R.L.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON ACUTE TOXICITY OF BENZENE,
NAPHTHALENE, AND THE WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION OF COOK
INLET CRUDE OIL TO PINK SALMON, SCALLOPS AND SHRIMP
Korn, S., D.A. Moles, and S.D. Rice
THE EFFECTS OF NUMBER 2 FUEL OIL AND A SIMULATED
REFINERY EFFLUENT ON THE GRASS SHRIMP AND THE
PINFISH
Hall, L.W.,Jr., A.L. Buikema, Jr., and J. Cairns,Jr.
EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL ON TROUT REPRODUCTION
Hodgins, H.O., W.D. Gronlund, J.L. Mighel, J.W.
Hawkes.and P.A. Robisch
THE EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENE ON SURVIVAL AND PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS IN BERING SEA FISHES
DeVries, A.L.
THE LOCOMOTOR AND ORIENTATION RESPONSE BY TWO
SPECIES OF FISH AND THE SEA TURTLE TO THE WATER
SOLUBLE FRACTION OF LOUISIANA CRUDE (API REF. OIL
NO. 2)
Kleerekoper, H.
THE EFFECTS OF OIL CONTAMINATION ON THE CONDUCTANCE
OF MARINE MAMMAL PELTS, ESPECIALLY FUR SEALS, AND
ITS EFFECTS ON DIVING BEHAVIOR
Kooyman, G.L.
EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS OF CRUDE OIL ON
HATCHABILITY OF MALLARD EGGS
Albers, P.H.
257
-------
EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS OF OIL ON THE EGGS
OF THE COMMON EIDER (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA)
Szaro, R.C.,and P.H. Albers
Session A-2: Biological Effects
THE EFFECT OF PETROCHEMICALS ON THE SURVIVAL AND
LIFE HISTORY OF FIVE SPECIES OF POLYCHAETOUS
ANNELIDS
Carr, R.S., and D.J. Reish
CYTOLOGICAL DAMAGE IN MERCENARIA MERCENARIA
EXPOSED TO PHENOL
Fries, C.R. and M.R. Tripp
THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL
ON HATCHING, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT RATE AND
RESPIRATION OF LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS
Laughlin, R.B,Jr., and J.M. Neff
EFFECTS OF DISPERSED CRUDE OILS UPON THE RESPIRATORY
METABOLISM OF AN ARCTIC MARINE AMPHIPOD QNISIMUS
AFFINUS
Percy, J.A.
TOXICITY OF PETROLEUM TO ARCTIC AMPHIPODS
Busdosh, M., and R.M. Atlas
TOXICITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS ON ESTUARINE GRASS SHRIMP PALAEMONETES
PUGIO
Tatem, H.W.
EFFECTS OF SEAWATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION OF ALASKAN
CRUDE OIL AND SELECTED CHEMICAL COMPONENTS ON THE
LARVAL STATES OF THE DUNGENESS CRAB, CANCER
MAGISTER. DANA
Caldwell, R.S., E.M. Calderone, and M.H. Mallon
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL EXPOSURE ON KING CRAB
(PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA) GILL MORPHOLOGY
Smith, M.A., and M.B. Bennett
EFFECTS OF COOK INLET CRUDE OIL WATER-SOLUBLE
FRACTION ON SURVIVAL AND MOLTING OF KING CRAB
(PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA) AND COONSTRIPE SHRIMP
(PANDALUS HYSSINOTUS) LARVAE
Mecklenburg, T.A., S.D. Rice, and J.F. Karinen
METHODS DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL EVALUATIONS OF
CRUDE OIL FLOW-THROUGH BIOASSAYS WITH FIRST THROUGH
FOURTH-STAGE LARVAL LOBSTERS HOMARUS AMERICANUS
Forns, J.M.
258
-------
RESPONSE OF THE CLAM MACOMA BALTHICA (L), EXPOSED
TO PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL AS UNMIXED OIL, WATER-
SOLUBLE FRACTION, AND SEDIMENT-ADSORBED FRACTION
IN THE LABORATORY.
Taylor,T.L.5 J.F. Karinen, and H.M. Feder
Session B-l: Bioaccumulation and Metabolism
STUDIES ON PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION IN THE ARCTIC
Atlas, R.M.
ARCTIC HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION
Arhelger, S.D., B.R. Robertson, and O.K. Button
PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL IN WATERS OF
THE SOUTH BEAUFORT REGION OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN
Bunch, J.N.
IMPACT OF SURFACE ADSORBED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
ON ORGANISMS
Ho, C.L., and T. Karim
BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT-SORBED NAPHTHALENES TO
THE SIPUNCULID WORM, PHASCOLOSOMA AGASSIZII
Anderson, J.W., and L.J. Moore
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF HYDROCARBONS BY COPEPODS
Harris, R.P.
THE UPTAKE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY THE CLAM,
RANGIA CUNEATA, UNDER VARYING CONDITIONS OF
TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY
Fucik, K.W., J.M. Neff, and M.L. Byington
THE CHEMICAL ACCUMULATION AND DEPURATION OF NO. 2
FUEL OIL BY THE SOFT SHELL CLAM, MYA ARENARIA L.
Stainken, D.M.
EFFECTS OF CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ON THE INDUCTION
OF ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE BY PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS
Gruger, E.H., and M.M. Wekell
THE FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM A NO. 2
FUEL OIL SPILL IN A SEMINATURAL ESTUARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Bieri, R.H., and V. Stamoudis
EFFECT OF DRILLING OPERATIONS ON THE HYDROCARBON
CONTENT OF CRUSTACEANS
Meyers, P.A.
259
-------
EFFECT OF OIL DISPERSANTS AND CRUDE OIL-DISPERSANT
MIXTURES ON HEART RATE OF RESTING FISH (TAUTO-
GALOBRUS ADSPERSUS)
Kiceniuk, J.W.
Session B-2: Measurement and Movement of
Hydrocarbons
DETERMINATION OF NAPHTHALENES IN MARINE SAMPLES
USING HPLC
Warner, J.C.
INTERLABORATORY CALIBRATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
PETROLEUM LEVELS IN SEDIMENT
Wise, S.A., S.N. Chesler, H.S. Hertz, and W.E. May
CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES OF HYDRO-
CARBON POLLUTANTS
Reed, W.D., and I.R. Kaplan
STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOS IN BIOTA AND SEDIMENTS
FROM LAKE MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA
Templeton, W.L., and R.M. Bean
DETERMINATION OF THE LEEWAY OF OIL SLICKS
Smith, C.L.
EVAPORATION AND SOLUTION OF C1-C10 HYDROCARBON FROM
CRUDE OILS ON THE SEA SURFACES
McAuliffe, C.D.
INPUT OF LOW-MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS FROM
PETROLEUM OPERATIONS INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO
Brooks, J.M., B.B. Bernard, and M. Sackett
HYDROCARBONS IN WATER, ORGANISMS, AND SURFACE
SEDIMENTS OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
Farrington, J.W.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, VOLATILITY AND BIODEGRADA-
TION ON PERSISTENCE OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
SEAWATER
Cheatham, D.L., S.J. Way, J.W. Short,and S.D. Rice
PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL: HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION AND
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL IMPACT
MacLeod, W.D., D.W. Brown, R.C. Clark, R.G. Jenkins,
and L.S. Ramos
CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN FLOW-
ING SEAWATER SUSPENSION OF NUMBER 2 FUEL OIL
Bean, R.M.,and J.W. Blaylock
260
-------
LONG-TERM BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BUNKER C OIL IN THE
INTERTIDAL ZONE
Thomas, M.L.H.
EFFECT OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON A TIDAL-FLAT ECO-
SYSTEM IN PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA
Naidu, A.S., and H.M. Feder
BASELINE DATA ON THE HEALTH OF FISHES FROM ALASKA'S
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
McCain, B.B., S.R. Wellings, C.E. Alpers, M.S.
Myers, and W.P. Gronlund
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES AROUND NATURAL OIL SEEPS IN THE
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL
Spies, R.B., and P. Davis
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INTERTIDAL AREAS IN THE STRAITS
OF MAGELLEN IN JANUARY 1975, FIVE MONTHS AFTER THE
METULA OIL SPILL
Straughan, D.
PETROLEUM IN DEEP BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS OF THE GULF OF
MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN SEA
Pequegnat, W.E.
Session B-3: Hydrocarbon Distributions
SEDIMENT HYDROCARBONS AS ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
IN THE NE GULF OF MEXICO
Lytle, J.S., and T.F. Lytle
STABILITY OF EMULSIFIED CRUDE OIL AS AFFECTED BY
SUSPENDED PARTICLES
Huang, C.P. and H.A. Elliott
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL
CARCINOGENS FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN ECONOMICALLY-
IMPORTANT BIVALVE MOLLUSCS FROM OREGON BAYS AND
ESTUARIES
Mix, M.C., R.T. Riley, K.I. Kings, S.R. Trenholm,
and R.L. Schaffer
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE WATER
COLUMN OF THE MAFLA LEASE AREA
Calder, J.A.
DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN WESTERNPORT
BAY, AUSTRALIA: RESULTS OF CHRONIC LOW LEVEL INPUTS
Burns, K.A., and J.L. Smith
261
-------
LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN GAS-LIQUID CHROMATO-
6RAPHY AND UV ABSORPTION INDICATORS OF PETROLEUM
POLLUTION IN ORGANISMS
Zsolnay, A.
*Nov. 8-10 Regional Marine Oil Pollution Conference-Australia,
Brisbane, Australia, 1976.
Sponsored by the Australian Government Department of
Transportation, the Petroleum Institute Environmental
Executive, and the Queensland Government Department
of Harbours and Marine.
FFI contact the A.L. Matzkows, Secretary, PIECE,
P.O. Box 740, North Sydney, N.S.W., Australia 2060.
*Nov. 11-13 SNAME Annual Meeting, 84th, New York, 1976.
Sponsored by the Society of Naval Architects and
Marine Engineers.
Topics will include offshore terminals and marine
pollution abatement.
FFI contact Mr. R.G. Mende, Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers, 74 Trinity Place, New York,
NY 10006.
Nov. 14-19 International Symposium on Industrial Wastes and
Environment, Caracas, Venezuela, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
HYDROCARBON WASTES AND ENVIRONMENT
Weaver
SEA POLLUTION BY HYDROCARBONS
Gould, J.R.
FFI contact Dr. Richard Abbou, Secretariat International,
International Association of Medicine and Biology of
the Environment, 115 rue de la Pompe, 75116 Paris,
France.
262
-------
Nov. 15-17 Workshop on Oil Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup,
East Brunswick, New Jersey, 1976.
Sponsored and organized by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
This seminar and workshop for industrial managers and
government personnel includes the following topics:
magnitude of problem (source and cause of spills, fate
and effects, etc.); legislation; spill prevention;
role of on-scene commander; containment and recovery
of floating oil; field demonstration of booms and
skimmers; chemical spill control agents; disposal of
recovered oily material; shoreline protection and
restoration; personnel training.
FFI contact the Center for Professional Advancement,
P.O. Box H, East Brunswick, NJ 08816-
Nov. 15-20 Effluent and Water Treatment Exhibition and Convention,
National Exhibition Center, Birmingham, United Kingdom,
1976.
The exhibition deals principally with the treatment of
industrial waste effluents, with emphasis on chemical,
mechanical and biological wastewater treatment systems.
Exhibits will include wastewater treatment facilities
and systems for analysis, detection,sampling and
monitoring of wastewaters and their components. Oil
separation and removal equipment is also featured.
The conference contains applied research papers dealing
primarily with industrial waste treatment.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 2: Industrial Applications
Paper 5
PETROCHEMICAL WASTES TREATMENT
(author unknown)
FFI contact The Municipal Agency Limited, Effluent
and Water Treatment Exhibition, 178-202 Great Portland
Street, London, WIN 6NH England, U.K.
263
-------
*Nov. 23-24 Oil Spill Control and Prevention Workshop, Thunder
Bay, Ontario, 1976.
The workshop will emphasize oil pollution problems
peculiar to northern Ontario.
FFI contact Mr. Nick Vanderkooy, Regional Environmental
Emergency Coordinator, Environmental Protection
Service, Ontario Region, 135 St. Clair Ave. W.,
Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5, Canada.
*Nov. 24-26 Coastal Society Conference, 1st, Washington, DC, 1976.
The topic of the conference will be outer continental
shelf oil leasing policies.
FFI contact the Coastal Society, P.O. Box 34405,
Bethesda, MD 20034.
*Nov. 28 -
Dec. 2 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual
Meeting, 69th,Chicago, Illinois, 1976.
Topics include papers on fuels and petrochemicals,
materials engineering and sciences, environmental
protection and pollution.
FFI contact Mr. D.T. Wasan, Illinois Institute of
Technology, IIT Center, Chicago, IL 60616.
*Dec. 6-10 International Congress on the Environment, Paris, 1976.
FFI contact International Congress on the Environment,
40 rue du Colisec, 75008 Paris, France.
*Dec. 7-10 Offshore International Exhibition and Conference,
Birmingham, England, 1976.
Sponsored by the Institute of Petroleum Society of
Underwater Technology and other organizations.
FFI contact Nigel Keenlyside, Sales Manager, Industrial
and Trade Fairs Ltd., Radcliffe House, Blenheim Court,
Soli hull, West Midlands B91 2BG, England, U.K.
264
-------
*Dec. 7-11 International Exhibition of Air, Noise, Waste and Water
Techniques and the Control of Industrial and Urban
Pollution, 1st, Paris, France, 1976.
FFI contact TECHNOEXPO, 8 rue de la Michodiere, 75002
Paris, France.
1977
^January International Symposium on Marine Pollution Research,
Gulf Breeze, Florida, 1977.
Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of International Affairs.
FFI contact D.G. Ahearn, School of Arts, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA.
*Jan. 11-12
ASTM Symposium on Chemical Dispersants for the Control
of Oil Spills, Dallas, Texas, 1977.
FFI contact American Society for Testing and Materials,
1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Feb. 28-
March 4
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and
Applied Spectroscopy, 28th, Cleveland, Ohio, 1977.
All aspects of analytical chemistry and spectroscopy
will be covered including techniques for trace
analysis of organic materials and oil spill identifca-
tion.
FFI contact John Graham, Program Chairman, Koppers
Co., Inc., 440 College Park Drive, Monroeville, PA
15146-
Mar. 8-10 Conference on the Prevention, Behavior, Control and
Cleanup of Oil Pollution, 5th, New Orleans, 1977.
Jointly sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Coast
Guard.
The conference will feature 90 papers which stress
training procedures, operational case histories,
pollution prevention, and the development of new
techniques for use in inland, coastal, deepwater,
and arctic oil spill control operations.
265
-------
FFI contact Dr. Charles C. Bates, Program Chairman-
1977 Oil Spill Conference, U.S. Coast Guard (G-DS/62,
TRANSPOINT), Washington, DC 20590.
Late March UNEP Seminar, Paris, France, 1977.
Sponsored by the United National Environmental
Programme.
Subjects covered will include: blowout prevention;
environmental impact; offshore development;
environmental aspects of transportation by sea; crude
oil pipelines; refinery effluents and emissions;
health of refinery employees; oil in the marine
environment and its force and effects. The objectives
of the seminar are as follows:
1. To assess the state of the art of major aspects of
the effects of the petroleum industry on the
environment and of existing solutions to remedy
recognized environmental hazards.
2. To assess the blank spots resulting from 1 above
in order to identify the aspects for which no fully
satisfactory solutions have been found or for which
adequate data do not exist.
3. To identify scientific, technical and economic data
needed by government bodies to make decisions on the
protection of the environment.
4. To explore possible avenues for the solution of
problems identified in 1, 2 and 3, and to discuss
when and how they should be implemented, and by
whom.
5. To outline avenues of research and development for
the protection of the environment.
FFI contact United Nations Environmental Programme,
Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10,Switzerland.
266
-------
Master List of Keywords
S:
SA:
See
See also
Absorption
Activated sludge
Adriatic Sea
Adsorption
Aegean Sea
Afri ca
Alaska
Alaska coast
Alaska, Gulf of
Algae ... SA: Phytoplankton
Analytical techniques ...
SA: Chemical analysis; Source
identification
Annelids
Antarctica
Arabian Sea
Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Aromatic hydrocarons ...
SA: Hydrocarbons, PAH
Asia
Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Bacteria
Bahamas
Ballast
Baltic Sea
Bantry Bay
Beaches
Beaufort Sea
Bengal, Bay of
Benthos
Bering Sea
Bibliographies
Bilges
Biodegradation
Biological effects ... SA: Toxicity
Biomass
Birds
Biscay, Bay of
Black Sea
Blowout prevention
Booms
Brazil
California
California coast
Canada
Carcinogens ... SA: Health hazards;
Aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH
Caribbean Sea
Caspian Sea
Chedabucto Bay
Chemical analysis ... SA: Analytical
techniques; Source identification
Chemical effects
Chesapeake Bay
Chile
China
Chromatography
Cleanup ... SA: Recovery;
Containment
Coagulation
Coalescence
Coasts
Connecticut
Conservation
Containment
Contaminants
Contamination
Contingency planning
Crankcase oil
Crude oil
Crustaceans
Decomposition
Delaware
Delaware Bay
Denmark
Design and engineering
Detection ... SA: Monitoring;
Chemical analysis
Dispersants
Dispersions
Disposal
Distillation
Drift ... SA: Movement; Spreading
Drilling ... SA: Offshore drilling;
Oil wells
Economic effects
Economi cs
Ecosystems
267
-------
Ecuador
Effluent treatment ... SA: Waste-
water treatment
EIS
Emu!sification
Emulsifiers
Emulsions
Engineering ... S: Design and
engineering
England
English Channel
Entrainment
Environmental deterioration
Environmental effects
Environmental Impact Statements
... S: EIS
Environmental management
Environmental protection
Estuaries
Europe
Evaporation
Exploration ... SA: Offshore
exploration; Production
Extraction
Fate
Filtration ... SA: Flocculation
Finland
Fishes
Fisheries
Flocculation ... SA: Filtration
Florida
Florida coast
Food web
Foreign governments
Fossil fuels
France
Freshwater
Fuel oil
Fuels
Fungi
Gas, liquid chromatography ...
S: Chromatography
Gasoline
Georgia
Germany, East
Germany, West
Gibraltar, Strait of
Government agencies ... SA: U.S.
Government, State governments
Great Lakes
Groundwater
Guidelines ... SA: Manuals
Habitat
Harbors
Health hazards ... SA: Carcinogens
Hydrocarbons ... SA: Aromatic
hydrocarbons, PAH, Crude oil
Incineration
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Industries ... SA: Oil industry
Information systems
Infrared spectroscopy ...
S: Spectroscopy
Inland
Insurance
International agreements
International conventions ...
SA: Regulations; Legislation
Invertebrates
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Japan, Sea of
Korea
Kuwait
Labrador Sea
Lakes ... SA: Great Lakes
Latin America
Law enforcement
Leakage
Legislation ... SA: Regulations;
International conventions
Liability
Load-on-top
Louisiana
Lubricating oil
Magellan, Strait of
Maine
Manuals ... SA: Guidelines
Marine mammals
Marine organisms
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mass spectroscopy ... S: Spectroscopy
Mediterranean Sea
Metula Oil Spill
Mexico
Mexico, Gulf of
268
-------
Microorganisms ... SA: Algae;
Bacteria; Fungi; Yeasts
Middle East
Mississippi River
Models
Mollusks
Monitoring ... SA: Detection;
Remote sensing; Sampling
Movement ... SA: Spreading; Drift
Natural seepage
Netherlands
Neuston
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Niche
North Carolina
North Sea
North Vietnam
Norway
Norwegian Sea
Oceans
OCS
Offshore development ... SA: Offshore
drilling, exploration, production
Offshore exploration ... SA: Offshore
drilling, development
Offshore pipelines ... SA: Oil transport
Offshore production ... SA: Offshore
development, drilling
Offshore drilling ... SA: Offshore
development, exploration, production
Oil ... S: Crude oil; Fuel oil;
Lubricating oil; Crankcase oil;
Waste oil
Oil discharges
Oil fields ... SA: Production
Oil-gas leasing
Oil industry
Oil shale
Oil shale development
Oil slicks
Oil spills
Oil tanks ... SA: Storage
Oil transfer
Oil transport
Oil-water separation ... SA: Wastewater
treatment
Oil wells ... SA: Drilling; Production;
Offshore drilling; Offshore production
Okhotsk, Sea of
Oregon
Outer Continental Shelf ... S: OCS
Oxidation ... SA: Biodegradation;
Weathering
Pacific Ocean
PAH ... SA: Aromatic hydrocarbons
Personnel training
Petroleum ... S: Crude oil
Petrochemicals
pH control
Philippines
Physical effects
Phytoplankton
Pipelines... SA: Offshore
pipelines; Oil transport
Plankton ... SA: Phytoplankton;
Zooplankton
Pollution prevention ... SA:
Environmental protection;
Contingency planning
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ...
S: PAH
Ports
Precipitation
Production ... SA: Offshore
production; Drilling; Offshore
drilling
Prudhoe Bay
Puerto Rico
Puget Sound
Reclamation ... SA: Recycling;
Reuse
Recovery ... SA: Cleanup
Recycling ... SA: Reclamation;
Reuse
Red Sea
Refineries
Refining
Regulations ... SA: Legislation;
International conventions
Remote Sensing ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
Resource management
Restoration
Reuse ... SA: Reclamation;
Recycling
Rhine River
Rhode Island
Rivers
Ross Sea
Sampling ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
269
-------
San Francisco Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
Sargasso Sea
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Seawater
Sedimentation
Sediments
Segregated Ballast
Ships
Shorelines
Sinking agents
Skimmers
Sludge
Social effects
Socio-economic effects
Soil
Solid waste
Solubility
Solution
Solvents
Source identification
South Carolina
Southern California
Spain
Spectrometry
Spectrescopy
Spreading ... SA: Movement; Drift
St. Lawrence River
Standing Crop
State governments ... SA: U.S.
Government; Government agencies
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Storage ... SA: Oil tanks
Streams
Superports .
Supertankers ..
Surfactants
Sweden
Syria
Tankers
Tar
Tar sands
Texas
Torrey Canyon
Toxicity ... SA
Turkey
UK
United Kingdom
United States .
S: Ports
. S: Tankers
Biological effects
. S: UK
S: US
US
U.S. Governments... SA: State government
USSR
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virginia
Wales
Washington
Waste oil .
treatment
SA: Waste oil disposal,
Waste oil disposal
Waste oil treatment
Wastewaters ... SA: Kastewatc
disposal, treatment
Wastewater disposal
Wastewater treatment
Water quality
Weathering
Weddell Sea
West Indies
Wildlife
Yeasts
Zooplankton
270
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
THE SUBJECT INDEX IS A PERMUTED INDEX THAT LISTS ALPHABETICALLY
THE KEYWORDS AND CORRESPONDING CITATION NUMBER ASSIGEND TO EACH
ABSTRACT IN SECTION I (EACH INDEX NUMBER APPEARS IN SECTION I IN
THE FORM C- -76). KEYWORDS WHICH ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE
MASTER LIST ARE PRECEDED BY A "*" AND ARE NOT LISTED IN
ALPHABETICAL ORDER IN THE SUBJECT INDEX.
1869
1881
1884
1894
1896
1905
1934
1999
2026
2027
2287
1993
2003
2004
1810
1888
1889
1914
1918
1919
1929
1990
1995
2021
2022
2032
2218
1754
1813
1946
2085
2097
2184
2202
2248
1799
2146
2185
2173
2095
2187
2129
1778
1811
1822
1824
1829
1831
1836
1837
1839
1843
1844
1848
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
ABSORPTION, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS,
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, *POLYSTYRENE BEADS,
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS,
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHORELINES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ABSORPTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS,
ABSORPTION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, GUIDELINES,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
ADSORPTION, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS,
ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
ADSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *ACTIVATED CARBON,
ADSORPTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, ARCTIC, SOIL,
ALASKA, STATE GOVERNMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ALASKA, SAMPLING, NATURAL SEEPAGE, "ALASKA PENINSULA,
ALASKA, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EXPLORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, 'INDICATOR
ORGANISMS, 'ARCTIC FOX,
ALASKA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, BIRDS, ARCTIC, *WALRUS,
ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS,
RESTORATION,
ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
*ONSHORE IMPACTS,
ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
ALASKA, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, INLAND, 'OILING PERMITS,
ALASKA COAST, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ALASKA COAST, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ALASKA COAST, MODELS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, DCS, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, 'NATURAL
PHENOMENA,
ALGAE, TOXICITY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATCGRAPHY, FISHES, PLANKTON,
ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,CRUDE OIL, PHYTOPLANKTON, 'PHOTOOXIDATION,
ALGAE, TCXICITY, FUEL OIL, MICROORGANISMS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, DETECTION, WASTE OIL, 'SEWAGE,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, INDUSTRIES,
CLEANUP,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
MARINE ORGANISMS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
SEDIMENTS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION', OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SCUPCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
GUARD,
HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS,
DETECTION, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
GIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SAMPLING,
SAMPLING, CONTAMINANTS, OCEANS,
HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MEDITERRANEAN ?EA, SPECTROMET5Y,
HYDROCARBONS, SEAwATER, CANADA, 37^LOGICAL EFFECTS,
SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SPECTRCSCCPY,
SAMPLING, *US COAS1
271
-------
1852 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, 'WATERBORNE OILS,
1997 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, 'HUNGARY,
2095 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, TOXICITY, CHROHATOGRAPHY, FISHES, PLANKTON, ALGAE,
2143 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PAH, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BALTIC SEA,
2199 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER, *POLAROGRAPHIC RESPIROMETER,
2119 ANNELIDS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, *POLYCHAETE WORMS,
1838 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, CARCINOGENS, *FLUORESCENCE,
1846 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, CARCINOGENS, CONTAMINATION,
CANADA,
2893 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS,
2126 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA,
2161 ATLANTIC COAST, OIL-GAS LEASING, DCS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
2188 ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
2183 ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, NEW JERSEY, 'ONSHORE
. IMPACTS,
2281 ATLANTIC COAST, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP,
1755 ATLANTIC OCEAN, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CANADA, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
'ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SERVICE,
1819 ATLANTIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, TAR, CARIBBEAN SEA,
2156 ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DCS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ZOOPLANKTON,
2173 ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, ALASKA/GULF OF, 'NATURAL
PHENOMENA,
2188 ATLANTIC OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
2242 ATLANTIC OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
2277 ATLANTIC OCEAN, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, EUROPE,
2893 BACTERIA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS,
2126 BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
2131 BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, EMULSIFIERS,
2196 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, FUNGI,
2197 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
2198 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHEMOTAXIS,
2281 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, ATLANTIC COAST, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP,
2206 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, 'PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA,
1889 BAHAMAS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
2226 BAHAMAS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
1938 BALLAST, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, OIL TANKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1947 BALLAST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES,
•DUBAI DRY DOCK,
1973 BALLAST, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, FILTRATION, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1976 BALLAST, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, BILGES, TANKERS,
1980 BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
2083 BALLAST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, TANKERS, ESTUARIES, UK,
NORTH SEA,
2141 BALLAST, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, BEACHES, CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
IRELAND,
1800 BALTIC SEA, REMOTE SENSING, 'OIL POLLUTION,
2143 BALTIC SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PAH, SEDIMENTS,
TECHNIQUES,
1741 BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SPAIN, FISHERIES,
1768 BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, CRUDE OIL,
1775 BEACHES, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, TAR, OCEANS,
1818 BEACHES, SAMPLING, CONTAMINATION, *BAJA CALIFORNIA, FUELS,
1926 BEACHES, CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS, RESTORATION,
2130 BEACHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, INVERTEBRATES, CHINA,
•MEIOFAUNA,
2141 BEACHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, BALLAST, CLEANUP,
IRELAND,
1794 BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING. HYDROCARBONS, TAR, SAMPLING,
1795 BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, TAR, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
•DISTRIBUTION,
2163 BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
2131 BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, EN"V ISONKENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
2111 BENTHOS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, FISH, 3ISOS, VIRGINIA,
2124 BENTHOS, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BIOLCGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTCPLANKTON,
MICROORGANISMS, RESTORATION,
1835 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OILS,
CHROMATOG8APHY,
2031 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, i»ASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'PKENCLS. REFINERIES,
2123 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, HEALTH HAZARDS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION,
2155 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, WILDLIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, wATER
MARINE ORGANISMS, ANALYTICAL
CLEANUP, 'CORUNA OIL SPILL,
NEW YORK,
RESTORATION,
RESTORATION,
272
-------
QUALITY,
2177 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EIS,
2287 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
2288 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SLICKS,
'PETROLEUM OILS,
2289 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, FISHES,
2290 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, FRESHWATER, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1785 BILGES, MONITORING, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1947 BILGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST,
*DUBAI DRY DOCK,
1973 BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, FILTRATION, COALESCENC DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1976 BILGES, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, BALLAST, TANKERS,
1958 BIODEGRADATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
2092 BIODEGRADATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, *UCA PUGNAX,
2193 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SEAWATER, EMULSIFIERS,
2194 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, EMULSIFIERS, MICROORGANISMS,
2195 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, 'NUTRIENT ADDITION,
2196 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, FUNGI, BACTERIA,
2197 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
2198 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHEMOTAXIS,
2199 BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'POLAROGRAPHIC RESPIROMETER,
2200 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SOIL, FUNGI,
2201 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC COAST, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP,
2202 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, ALASKA,
2203 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, 'FERTILIZER,
2204 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, GREAT LAKES,
2205 BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, MONITORING, PLANTS,
2206 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, *PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA,
2207 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
2208 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS,
2209 EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, LAKES, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL,
2210 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SHALE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
EXTRACTION,
2234 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, RHODE ISLAND,
2236 BIODEGRADATION, FATE, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, WEATHERING,
2241 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, SPREADING, WEATHERING,
2244 BIODEGRADATION, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, DETECTION, TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1751 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, 'MORTALITY,
1756 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ENGLISH CHANNEL, CLEANUP,
1781 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, BIOMASS, PLANKTON, OIL INDUSTRY, ENGLAND,
1783 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS, 'MYTILUS SDULIS,
1829 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING,
1837 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, CANADA,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
2085 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, BIRDS, ARCTIC, ALASKA, 'WALRUS,
2086 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS, 'OYSTERS, 'OSMOREGULATION,
2088 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, WASHINGTON, 'ALPINE HABITAT,
2089 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, 'PANAMA,
2090 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, 'HYDROCARBON METABOLISM, 'MUSSELS,
2092 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, *UCA PUGNAX,
2093 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS,
2096 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, GIL SPILLS, MARINE MAMMALS, WALES, 'GREY SEALS,
2097 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, ARCTIC, PLANTS, RESTORATION,
ALASKA,
2098 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, 'FECUNDITY, 'COPEPOD,
2101 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, CRANKCASE OIL, SOIL, PLANTS,
2102 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, CANADA, PLANTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
2103 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, COASTS, CANADA,
2105 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CIL SPILLS, PLANTS, CANADA, ARCTIC,
2106 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
WASHINGTON,
2137 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,CRUDE OIL, PHYTOPLANKTCN, ALGAE,
•PHOTOOXIDATION,
21D8 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, CPUDE OIL, FISHES,
2139 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, 'AMPHIPOD,
2112 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, DISPERSANTS, PISHES, INVERTEBRATES, 'COREXIT 9527,
2111 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BENTHOS, FISH, BIRDS, VIRGINIA,
2112 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, PETROCHEMICALS, FISHES,
2113 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
2114 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, PLANTS, OCEANS,
2115 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, UK,
2117 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CHEOAE'JCTO BAY, RESTORATION,
2118 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, SHORELINES, NORWAY, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, NORTH SEA,
273
-------
2121
2122
2123
2126
2127
2135
2141
2142
2143
2153
2156
2157
2161
2196
2269
2237
229*
1751
2085
2118
2127
2157
1762
2063
2064
2069
2«71
2075
2379
2882
2084
2192
1353
1354
1857
1S61
1363
1S64
1866
1867
1396
1896
2271
1779
ISIS
2065
151} 6
* -• &
1755
1837
'.546
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, GIL SPILLS, HABITATS, NEW YORK,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL, ARCTIC,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, HEALTH HAZARDS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, '
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BENTHOS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
MICROORGANISMS, BESTORATION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, BIRDS, CLEANUP
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, FISHES, 'EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, INVERTEBRATES, CHINA, RESTORATION
•MEIOFAUNA, ' '
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, NORTH SEA, *POLLUTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, BALLAST, BEACHES, CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
A Rtt-AND t
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, CANADA, ARCTIC, PHYSICAL EFFECTS
'THAW DEPTH,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PAH, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BALTIC SEA, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, TANKERS
PACIFIC OCEAN,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DCS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ZOOPLANKTON,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIRDS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EUROPE, OIL
TRANSPORT, OILSPILLS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMOTAXIS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, FATE, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, NORTH SEA, NORWAY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CONTAMINATION, FRESHWATER. "ARISE ORGANISMS,
BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "MORTALITY,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, ARCTIC, ALASKA, 'WALRUS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, BENTHOS, FT£I:, VIRGINIA,
SHORELINES, NORWAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, NCRTH SEA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, CLEANUP,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL
SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL WELLS, USSR, 'NUCLEAR EXPLOSION,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, DRILLING, OIL WELLS,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, DRILLING, TEXAS,
DRILLING, OFFSHORE DRILLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
OIL WELLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, DRILLING,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL WELLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, DRILLING,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, DRILLING,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, NORTH SEA,
BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, 'CONNECTOR HINGE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
GIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, ABSORPTION,
MODELS, 'OIL LOSSES,
BRAZIL, LEGISLATION, OIL DISCHARGES, 'PENALTIES,
CALIFORNIA, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, CCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SOUTHERN 'BARIUM
CONCENTRATIONS,
CALIFORNIA, SAMPLING, CONTAMINATION, BEACHES, *BAJA FUELS,
CALIFORNIA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, SOUTHERN CCS,
CALIFORNIA 2C-A3T. DEMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONSERVATION, OIL INDUSTRY, 'PACE,
CANACA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ATLANTIC CCEAN, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
•ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION' SERVICE,
CANADA. ANALYTICAL TECHNIOUES, HYDROCARBON'S. SEAWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MAiklSE ORGANISMS,
CANADA, SCUr.CE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, AROMATIC HYDRQCAP-BCNS , CARCINOGENS,
CCSTAMINA7ICS,
CANADA, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, EIS,
CANADA, GCVEPSMEM AGENCIES, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, GUIDELINES,
BIRDS
BIRDS
BIRDS
BIRDS
BIRDS
BLOWOUT PREVENTION
BLOWOUT PREVENTION
SLOWOUT PREVENTION
BLOWOUT PREVENTION
BLOWOUT PREVENTION
BLOWOUT FP.EVENTION
BLOWOUT PREVENTION
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
BOOMS
CONTAINMENT,
CONTAINMENT,
CONTAINMENT,
CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS,
274
-------
1321
1823
1824
1826
1827
1823
1333
1832
1835
1843
1941
1842
CANADA
CANADA
CANADA
CANADA
CANADA, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOIL, RESTORATION,
CANADA, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY,
CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES
CANADA, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, LEGISLATION, MANUALS, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, PLANTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, COASTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, ARCTIC,
TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, ARCTIC,
GSOUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, PIPELINES, LEAKAGE,
CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, ARCTIC, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
*THAW DEPTH,
CANADA, RESTORATION, WEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
CANADA, OIL SLICKS, FATE, ESTUARIES, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
CANADA, FATE, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, *OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
CANADA, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT,
CANADA, LEGISLATION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
CHEDABUCTO BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION,
CHEDABCCTO BAY, RESTORATION, WEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
CHEDABUCTO BAY, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ATLANTIC OCEAN, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, TAR, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, BEAUFORT SEA,
'DISTRIBUTION,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
•BUFFALO RIVER,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1942
1962
2067
2078
2102
2123
2105
2116
2140
2142
2221
2224
2238
2240
2272
2117
2221
2242
1795
1796
1814
1815
1821
1823
1826
1827
1828
1830
1832
1833
1834
1835
1838
1840
1841
1842
1843
1848
1850
1851
1975
2204
2237
2239
2288
2108
1743
1748
2012
2130
MONITORING, WASTE OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, NEW YORK,
SAMPLING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
SAMPLING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, PAH, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, WASTEWATERS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, *FLUORIMETRY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEDIMENTS, MAINE, *LONG COVE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAHPY, CARCINOGENS, *FRAGMENTOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, COASTS, ITALY, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, HASTEWATERS, WASTE OILS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS, *FLUORESCENCE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, DELAWARE BAY,
OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, JAPAN,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DETECTION, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, INDIA,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, OIL SPILLS.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, GREAT LAKES ,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, TAR, *FOULING ORGANISMS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SLICKS,
•PETROLEUM OILS,
CHEMICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FISHES,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, REGULATIONS, US, 'US COAST GUARD,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, *US COAST GUARD,
CHILE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
CHINA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, INVERTEBRATES, RESTORATION,
•MEIOFAUNA,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
CARCINOGENS, PAH, 'MUSSELS,
CHROMATCGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, SAMPLING,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, SAMPLING,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, DETECTION, PAH, SPECTROMETRY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, WASTEHATERS, *FLUORIMETRY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTRCMETSY, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES,
OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, MAINE, 'LONG COVE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL,
DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHROMATCGRAPHY,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHRCMATCGRAPHY,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHRCMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBON'S, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OILS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
CHRCMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, DELAWARE SAY,
GIL SPILLS, SAMPLING,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, JAPAN,
CHRCMATCGRAPHY, DETECTION, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHRCMATOGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS,
275
-------
1851
2Z95
2234
2239
1741
1742
1744
1756
1761
1803
1311
1859
1862
i860
1869
1372
1S75
1J7-
1376
1582
ii64
1365
1E37
1888
1=89
189ij
1892
1894
1396
1982
1903
i?«7
1938
1909
1S11
1912
1913
1914
1915
1918
1919
1921
1922
1926
1929
1931
1933
1934
1936
1939
1978
2062
2066
2874
2127
2132
2133
2141
2192
CHROMATCGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CKROMATOGRAPHY, TOXICITY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, FISHES, PLANKTON, ALGAE,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GREAT LAKES ,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, WEATHERING. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROSCOPY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SPAIN, FISHERIES, BEACHES, 'CORUNA OIL SPILL,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, 'GOWANUS CANAL,
CLEANUP, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, GERMANY, WEST, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CHESAPEAKE BAY, *US COAST GUARD,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENGLISH CHANNEL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CLEANUP, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "US COAST GUARD,
CLEANUP, SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS,
INDUSTRIES,
CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, 'OIL-COLLECTING AGENTS,
CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, *SEA SLED,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'DEBRIS HANDLING,
CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, WEATHERING, GERMANY, WEST, 'PHOTOCHEMICAL DISSOLUTION,
CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, RECOVERY,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, 'ROTORK SEA TRUCK,
CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, COAGULATION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, 'SORBENTS, 'PISTON FILMS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL ,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, 'POLYSTYRENE BEADS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, ABSORPTION,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, 'COMPUTER SIMULATION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, 'WELL WATER,
CLEANUP, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, EIS,
CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, RECOVERY, TOXICITY, 'OIL HERDER,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SINKING AGENTS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, EMULSIONS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, OIL SLICKS, ECONOMICS, DECOMPOSITION, EVAPORATION, 'LASER,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL ,
CLEANUP, CIL SPILLS, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, 'OIL HERDERS,
CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, GUIDELINES,
CLEANUP, BEACHES, SURFACTANTS, RESTORATION,
CLEANUP, ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
CLEANUP, RESTORATION, SOIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, OIL T?A.SSFER, TANKERS, ENGLAND, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CLEANUP, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SEDIMENTS, CIL INDUSTRY,
CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, 'COUNTER MEASURES,
CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INLAND, FRANCE, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, BIRDS,
CLEANUP, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY,
CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, BALLAST, BEACHES, RESTORATION,
IRELAND,
CLEANUP, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OIL SPILLS, BLOWOUT
PREVENTION, NORTH SEA,
CLEANUP, SICDEGP.ACATION, CIL SLICKS, 'NUTRIENT ADDITION,
CLEANUP, BIODEGPADATICN, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, BICDEGRACATIOS, HYDRCCAR8CNS, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC COAST, SEDIMENTS,
C:L SPILLS,
CLEANUP, CIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, WEATHERING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CLEANUP, PECULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, OREGON,
CLEANUP, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS. YEDITERRAXEAN SEA, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CLEANUP, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABIELITY, CII SPILLS,
CLEANUP, SIBLIOGSAPHIES, CIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ABSORPTION,
JCAGULATICS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
276
-------
1998
2006
2016
1959
1965
1973
1976
1978
1979
1981
1987
1999
2006
2018
2212
1766
1773
1804
1834
1848
1858
2133
2159
2168
1752
1773
2050
1744
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1363
1864
1865
1866
1867
1871
1890
1892
1915
1916
1932
1935
1948
2068
2074
1831
1897
1982
2114
2146
2148
2152
1747
1779
1758
1793
1813
1346
1348
19t'3
1936
COAGULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CRUDE OIL,
COAGULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
COAGULATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGE, BALLAST, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
COALESCENCE, DISPERSIONS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, BILGES, TANKERS ' '
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COAGULATION,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
COALESCENCE, CRUDE OIL, SPREADING, EMUL3IFICATION, 'FRESHWATER ICE CONDITIONS,
COASTS, WASTEWATERS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, *MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL INPUTS,
COASTS, MONITORING, WALES, CONSERVATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE BAY, *LANDSAT,
COASTS, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ITALY, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
COASTS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, INDIA,
COASTS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES,
COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, CANADA,
COASTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, LEGISLATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, VIRGINIA,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL INDUSTRY, CANADA, 'PACE,
CONSERVATION, MONITORING, COASTS, WALES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
CONSERVATION, RECLAMATION, REFINING, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
ECONOMICS,
CONTAINMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, GERMANY, WEST, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'MOORING DEVICE,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, 'CONNECTOR HINGE,
CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, SHORELINES,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, 'OIL-COLLECTING AGENTS,
CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SEW YORK, 'BUFFALO RIVER, 'AIR BARRIER,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'BARRIER DELIVERY SYSTEM,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, CLEANUP, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, 'SORBENTS, 'PISTON FILMS,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL ,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, 'OIL HERDERS,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, MONITORING, SAMPLING, NEW YORK, 'OIL POLLUTANTS, 'BUFFALO RIVES,
CONTAINMENT, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS,
CONTAINMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GIL SPILLS,
CONTAINMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INLAND, FRANCE, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SAMPLING, OCEANS,
CONTAMINANTS, DETECTION, RECOVERY, GROUNDWATSR, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, HYDROCARBONS,
CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, OCEANS,
CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, ALASKA COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CONTAMINANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
CONTAMINANTS, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, GROUNDWATER,
CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, OCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 'BARIUM
CONCENTRATIONS,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, CARCINOGENS, PAH,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, 'MUSSELS,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, RHINE RIVER, *MAAS RIVER, EUROPE,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, DETECTION,
CONTAMINATION, SAMPLING, BEACHES, 'BAJA CALIFORNIA, FUELS,
CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS,
CANADA,
CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS, INDIA,
CONTAMINATION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, 'WELL WATER,
CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, SOIL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
277
-------
1988
2123
2140
2178
2229
2298
2265
2066
2067
2169
2249
2101
1768
1830
1904
1911
1912
1923
1925
1940
1952
1998
2043
2466
2094
2098
n«0
21i)3
2104
2137
2108
2109
:ii9
2122
2126
2194
2200
2202
2203
2208
2209
2212
2215
2220
2225
2092
2898
2099
2189
212 =
3912
2223
2238
1304
1805
1840
1951
2243
1764
1774
1778
1784
1766
1791
1793
1797
1801
180:
1806
1824
CONTAMINATION, GROUNDfcATER, WA5TEWATER DISPOSAL, OIL INDUSTRY, OKLAHOMA
CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
CONTAMINATION, GROUNDKATER, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, PIPELINES, LEAKAGE •"ANADA
CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
CONTAMINATION, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, RIVERS, UK, * POTABLE WATER,
CONTAMINATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, MARINE ORGANISMS
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, OCS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'COUNTER MEASURES,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINE":
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SCOTLAND OIL
SPILLS, MONITORING,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, LEGISLATION, US, OIL SPILLS, *CEC,
CRANKCASE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, SOIL, PLANTS,
CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, BEACHES, NEW YORK,
CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATCGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ARCTIC, FUEL OIL, 'OPERATIONS TESTS,
CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, EMULSIONS, CLEANUP, FUEL OIL,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, ECONOMICS, DECOMPOSITION, EVAPORATION, 'LASER,
CRUDE OIL, RECOVERY, 'SUNKEN SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, 'UNDERGROUND
STORAGE,
CRUDE OIL, STORAGE. ECONOMICS, 'UNDERGROUND STORAGE, 'SURFACE TANKS,
CRUDE OIL, WASTEKATER TREATMENT, COAGULATION,
CRUDE OIL, EMULSIONS, 'DEMULSIFICATICN,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS, 'OYSTERS, 'CSMOREGULATION,
CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, DISPERSANTS, 'COREXIT 9527,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS, 'FECUNDITY, *COPEPOD,
CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FISHES, 'TELEOSTS,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, COASTS, CANADA,
CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ARCTIC, MONITORING,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,PHYTOPLANKTCN, ALGAE, 'PHOTOOXIDATICN,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, FISHES,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS, 'AMPHIPOD,
CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, ANNELIDS, 'POLYCHAETE WORMS,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL, ARCTIC,
CRUDE CIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, EMULSIFIERS, .MICROORGANISMS,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, SOIL, FUNGI,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATICN, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, ALASKA,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, 'FERTILIZER,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, LAKES, MICROORGANISMS,
CRUDE OIL, SPREADING, COALESCENCE, EMULSIFICATION, 'FRESHWATER ICE CONDITIONS,
CRUDE OIL, SOLUBILITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL,
CRUDE OIL, EMULSIFICATION, FUEL OIL, CIL SLICKS,
CRUDE OIL, MONITORING, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, OIL TANKS, SPECTROSCOPY,
CRUSTACEANS, BIODEGRADATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, *L'CA PL'GNAX,
CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE CIL, 'FECUNDITY, 'COPEPOD,
CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, FISHES, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL DISCHARGES,
CRUSTACEANS, 3IOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, 'AMPHIPOD,
CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, 'SHRIMP,
DECOMPOSITION, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, CIL SLICKS, ECONOMICS, EVAPORATION, -LASER,
DECOMPOSITION, OIL TRANSFER, TCXICITY, FRESHWATER, SEAWATE3,
DELAWARE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHCRE-CEVELCPMENT, PORTS, NEK JERSEY,
DELAWARE BAY, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, ESTUARIES, "LANDSAT,
DELAWARE BAY, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, •LANDSAT,
DELAWARE BAY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPKY, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
DELAWARE BAY, OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING,
DELAWARE SAY, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, REFINERIES, 'SPORT FISHING,
DELAWARE BAY, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, SPREADING,
DETECTION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, 'RESEARCH SURVEY,
DETECTION, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, "OIL POLLUTANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
TOXICITY,
DETECTION*, MONITORING, frASTE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHN ICl'ES, 'SEWAGE,
IL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, :ES I5X-ENGISEEP- ING ,
OIL-CN-V.ATSP, 'eiL-ccLLECTiCN CHAMBER,
DETECTION, MONITORING, C-ESIC-N- ENGINEERING, 'OIL DETECTOF,
DETECTION, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, US CCAST SUAFD,
DETECTION, SEMOTE SENSING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, :IL SPILLS, 'FU'CPESCENCE,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, REGULATIONS,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SAT'-SAL SEEPAGE, CALIFORNIA
DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, CHRCMATCGRAFKY, SFECTPOMETRY,
DETECTION, MONITORING,
DETECTION, MONITORING,
278
-------
1832
1842
1897
1927
2244
2094
2110
2128
2133
2232
1792
1954
1976
2041
1892
1393
1913
1986
1994
2012
2147
1954
2243
2036
2063
2864
2075
2082
2034
2152
2166
2172
2132
2133
2134
2159
2163
2184
2137
2250
2261
1749
1912
1942
1952
1964
2037
2050
2258
1807
2234
1907
2177
2212
2220
2131
2193
2194
1911
1960
1968
1981
1987
1995
2001
2009
2013
2015
DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS,
DETECTION, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
DETECTION, RECOVERY, CONTAMINANTS, GROUNDWATER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, 'OIL-WATER INTERFACE DETECTOR,
DETECTION, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, TAR, BIODEGRADATION, PACIFIC OCEAN,
DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, *COREXIT 9527,
DISPERSANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FISHES, INVERTEBRATES, 'COREXIT 9527,
DISPERSANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISHES, 'EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT,
DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
DISPERSIONS, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DISPERSIONS, OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, *SEA-SURFACE DRIFT CURRENTS,
DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, BALLAST, BILGES, TANKERS,
DISPERSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
DISPOSAL , OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DISPOSAL , OIL SPILLS, MANUALS, GUIDELINES,
DISPOSAL , OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
DISPOSAL , 'OILFIELD BRINES, 'DEEP WELL INJECTION,
DISPOSAL , WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECOVERY, LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST,
DISPOSAL , WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING,
DISPOSAL , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, OCEANS, 'MARINE POLLUTION,
DRIFT, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSIONS, 'SEA-SURFACE DRIFT CURRENTS,
DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, DELAWARE BAY,
DRILLING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
DRILLING, PERSONNEL TRAINING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL WELLS,
DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, TEXAS,
DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL WELLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS, CONTAMINANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, GROUNDWATER,
DRILLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
GUIDELINES,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEAKAGE, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, REGULATIONS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DCS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
•ONSHORE IMPACTS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, FISHERIES,
NORTH SEA,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, US, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, WASTE OIL, OIL DISCHARGES, US,
ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, OIL SLICKS, DECOMPOSITION, EVAPORATION, 'LASER,
ECONOMICS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SEGREGATED BALLAST
LOAD-ON-TOP,
ECONOMICS, STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, 'UNDERGROUND STORAGE, 'SURFACE TANKS,
ECONOMICS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
ECONOMICS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, US COAST GUARD,
ECONOMICS, RECLAMATION, REFINING, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
CONSERVATION,
ECONOMICS, LEGISLATION, 'JS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
OIL TRANSPORT,
ECOSYSTEMS, REMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, SHORELINES, 'OIL POLLUTION,
ECOSYSTEMS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
RHINE RIVER,
EIS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
EMULSIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, SPREADING, COALESCENCE, 'FRESHWATER ICE CONDITIONS,
EMULSIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, OIL SLICKS,
EMULSIFIERS, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA,
ENULSIFIERS, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SEAWATER,
EMULSIFIERS, 3IODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS,
EMULSIONS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, FUEL GIL,
TREATMENT, OXIDATION, *DEMULSIFICATION,
'SEPOL 443,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
ADSORPTION,
EMULSIONS,
EMULSIONS,
WASTE CIL
HL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TPEAT.XENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CIL WELLS,
FLCCCULATION,
279
-------
2022
2030
2033
2041
2042
2843
2045
2046
1740
1746
1781
1820
1939
2136
1756
1760
1799
1940
1942
1946
2113
2117
2127
2137
2138
2139
2144
2146
2148
2147
2149
2152
2153
2154
2155
2157
2158
2162
2163
2167
2173
2172
2174
2175
2176
2178
2179
2130
2181
2182
2183
2184
2i36
2138
2139
2190
2226
2235
2239
2255
EMULSIONS,
EMULSIONS,
EMULSIONS,
ENGLAND,
ENGLAND,
ENGLAND,
ENGLAND,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, 'DRILLING FLUIDS,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, *DEMULSIFICATION,
CRUDE OIL, *DEMULSIFICATION,
WASTE1VATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
ENGLAND, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICS, LIABILITY, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, *ACOPS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, »ACOPS,
MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOMASS, PLANKTON, OIL INDUSTRY,
SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, ESTUARIES, 'EPIPELIC DIATOMS,
OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
ENGLAND, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, TOXICITY, *RESEARCH
PROGRAM,
ENGLISH CHANNEL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, METULA OIL SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, .MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA COAST,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, REFINERIES, SCOTLAND, 'UNDERGROUND
STORAGE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, SOIL, RESTORATION, CANADA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, ALASKA, EXPLORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, 'INDICATOR
ORGANISMS, 'ARCTIC FOX,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CHEDABUCTO BAY, RESTORATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, BIRDS, CLEANUP,
OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, VIASTEWATERS,
HYDROCARBONS, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
HYDROCARBONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, ALASKA COAST,
CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
DISPOSAL , WASTEWATERS, OCEANS, 'MARINE POLLUTION,
PAH, CARCINOGENS,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS, CONTAMINANTS, TOXICITY, GROUNDWATER,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PACIFIC OCEAN,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, WILDLIFE, HABITATS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, WILDLIFE, WATER QUALITY,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIRDS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BEAUFORT SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, INLAND,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINERIES,
MONITORING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
TRANSPORT, STORAGE,
ESVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
•PICEANCE BASIN,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, CONTAMINATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, 'OIL POLLUTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, «ERDA,
OIL-GAS LEASING, ATLANTIC COAST, NEW JERSEY,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
LEAKAGE, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
'STATES RIGHTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
'ONSHORE
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DCS. ALASKA, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
IMPACTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-
PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, FISHERIES, NORTH SEA,
OIL SPILLS, FATE, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING, OIL DISCHARGES, USSR,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, *OIL POLLUTION,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, BAHAMAS, CFFSHORE-QEVELCPMEN'T, PORTS,
FATE, PAH, 'SOURCES, 'TRANSPORT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHRCMATCGRAFHY, SPECTPCSCOPY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, CCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
280
-------
2256
2261
2289
1964
2159
2168
2177
2256
1752
1754
1755
1767
2074
2151
2166
2169
2171
2255
2258
2264
2270
2272
2280
2286
1804
1807
1820
1877
2083
2207
2224
2234
1788
2035
2171
2275
2277
1912
1956
2038
2214
2217
2219
1946
2264
2210
1953
2139
2188
2221
2224
2226
2232
2233
2235
2236
2238
2241
2242
2244
PROTECTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, US, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, FISHES,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ECONOMICS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, COASTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTS, LEGISLATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, VIRGINIA,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONSERVATION, OIL INDUSTRY, CANADA, *PACE,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, STATE GOVERNMENTS, ALASKA, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CANADA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
•ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SERVICE,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, GUIDELINES, *US COAST GUARD,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INLAND, FRANCE, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, GUIDELINES, SANTA
BARBARA CHANNEL,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DRILLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
GUIDELINES,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REFINERIES, SCOTLAND, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
MONITORING,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, EUROPE, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LEGISLATION, US, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT,
ECONOMICS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LEGISLATION, US, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, OIL INDUSTRY,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY, 'NIGERIA,
LEGISLATION, OIL INDUSTRY, CANADA,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, *OIL POLLUTION,
•LAW
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OF THE SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, REGULATIONS,
ESTUARIES, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, DELAWARE BAY, *LANDSAT,
ESTUARIES, REMOTE SENSING, SHORELINES, ECOSYSTEMS, «OIL POLLUTION,
ESTUARIES, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, ENGLAND, 'EPIPELIC DIATOMS,
ESTUARIES, OIL SLICKS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
ESTUARIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, TANKERS, UK,
NORTH SEA,
ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
ESTUARIES, OIL SLICKS, FATE, CANADA, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, RHODE ISLAND, BIODEGRADATION,
EUROPE, MONITORING, RHINE RIVER, CONTAMINATION, 'MAAS RIVER,
EUROPE, WASTEVvATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY,
EUROPE, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
EUROPE, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
EUROPE, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
EVAPORATION, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, OIL SLICKS, ECONOMICS, DECOMPOSITION, *LASER,
EVAPORATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL,
EVAPORATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
EVAPORATION, 'PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
EVAPORATION, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS,
EVAPORATION, OIL SLICKS, 'EMPIRICAL FORMULAS,
EXPLORATION, PIPELINES, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, 'INDICATOR
ORGANISMS, 'ARCTIC FOX,
EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION, US, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
EXTRACTION, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SHALE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
FATE, OIL TRANSFER, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
FATE, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
FATE, RESTORATION, FEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
FATE, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, CANADA, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, BAHAMAS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHOPE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, WEATHERING, CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
FATE, PAH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'SOURCES, 'TRANSPORT,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, BIODEGRADATICN, WEATHERING,
FATE, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, CANADA, 'OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
FATE, GIL SPILLS, SPREADING, WEATHERING, BIODEGRADATION,
FATE, OIL SPILLS, CHEDABUCTO BAY, ATLANTIC OCEAN, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
-ATE, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, DETECTION, TAR, BIODEGRADATION, PACIFIC OCEAN,
281
-------
1973
1827
2895
2399
2112
212B
2239
1741
2127
2137
1971
2313
2021
2028
2834
2345
2111
2124
2223
2239
2296
1742
1732
1S39
1904
1911
1925
1966
2.J86
2JSS
2i
-------
1922
1993
2151
2166
2260
2285
2088
2123
2165
1757
1783
1784
1794
1795
1820
1822
1823
1827
1830
1832
1335
1336
1837
1839
1840
1841
1871
1941
1953
1982
2314
2327
2090
2091
2092
2119
2131
2139
2144
2146
2197
2198
2201
2236
2207
2209
2213
2215
2217
2218
2227
2229
2234
2244
1992
2037
2038
164S
1763
1311
1972
1974
2005
2025
2227
GUIDELINES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
GUIDELINES, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE ,
GUIDELINES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS, SANTA
BARBARA CHANNEL,
GUIDELINES, DRILLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
GUIDELINES, REGULATIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
GUIDELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS,
HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, WASHINGTON, *ALPINE
HEALTH HAZARDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
HEALTH HAZARDS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, 'MEDICAL ASPECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, 'PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON EMISSION,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, *MYTILUS EDULIS,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, TAR, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, TAR, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA,
'DISTRIBUTION,
HYDROCARBONS, SAMPLING, PAH, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, *EPIPELIC DIATOMS,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS,
HYDROCARBONS, OCEAN'S, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, SAMPLING,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, FISHES,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OILS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SEAWATER, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SEDIMENTS,
HYDROCARBONS,
OIL SPILLS,
HYDROCARBONS,
HYDROCARBONS,
HYDROCARBONS,
HYDROCARBONS,
HYDROCARBONS,
HYDROCARBONS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEDIMENTS, DELAWARE BAY,
SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, JAPAN,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
STORAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REGULATIONS, 'UNDERGROUND CAVERNS,
OIL TRANSFER, FATE, WEATHERING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, 'PARAFFINIC
HYDROCARBONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, 'HYDROCARBON METABOLISM, 'MUSSELS,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PLANTS, 'ELECTROLYTE LOSS,
HYDROCARBONS, 3IODEGRADATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS, *UCA PUGNAX,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, ANNELIDS, 'POLYCHAETE WORMS,
HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, EMULSIFIERS,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, ALASKA COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, 3IODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHEMOTAXIS,
ATLANTIC COAST, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS,
'PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
CLEANUP,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
HYDROCARBONS, SIODEGRADATION, LAKES, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL,
SEAWATER, 'VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES,
SOLUBILITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL,
EVAPORATION, OCEANS,
ARCTIC, SOIL, ADSORPTION,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, INDUSTRIES, 'BENZENE,
PAH, CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, UK, 'POTABLE WATER,
OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, RHODE ISLAND, BIODEGRADATION,
FATE, MONITORING, DETECTION, TAR, BIODEGRADATION, PACIFIC OCEAN,
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, PETROCHEMICALS,
VvASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SLUDGE,
AASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
INDIA, 5CUHCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS,
INDIAN OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, REEFS,
INDUSTRIES, SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, GIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP,
INDUSTRIES,
INDUSTRIES,
INDUSTRIES,
INDUSTRIES,
INDUSTRIES,
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
POLLUTION' PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
XASTEKATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, MASTEKATESS, 'BENZENE,
PETROCHEMICALS,
283
-------
1750 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS,
2056 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL,
2136 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
WASHINGTON,
1386 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION PPEVENTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, US, FRANCE,
2275 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL, EUROPE,
2284 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ECOSYSTEMS
SHINE RIVER,
1744 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, GERMANY, WEST, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT,
2158 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US, 'AQUATIC
RESOURCES,
2266 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, TANKERS, LEGISLATION,
*I«CO,
2267 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, 'VESSEL-SOURCE
POLLUTION,
2268 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
2273 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
2274 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS,
2276 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US,
2277 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, EUROPE,
2278 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
2279 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
2283 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 'OIL POLLUTION, 'LAW
OF THE SEA,
2231 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS,
2282 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS,
OIL SPILLS,
2233 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABIBLITY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
2110 INVERTEBRATES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, DISPERSANTS, FISHES, 'COREXIT 9527,
2116 INVERTEBRATES, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, ARCTIC, CANADA,
2130 INVERTEBRATES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, CHINA, RESTORATION,
'MEIGFAUNA,
2241 IRELAND, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, BALLAST, BEACHES, CLEANUP,
RESTORATION,
1S34 ITALY, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
1841 JAPAN, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1989 JAPAN, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
REFINERIES,
2043 JAPAN, OIL INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2209 LAKES, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL,
1746 LAW ENFORCEMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, ENGLAND, 'ACOPS,
2279 LAW ENFORCEMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1747 LEAKAGE, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, OIL TANKS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1756 LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS, SWITZERLAND,
1770 LEAKAGE, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
1937 LEAKAGE, GIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, 'SINGLE BUOY MOORING,
1944 LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, OIL TANKS, GROUNDWATER, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
2078 LEAKAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL TANKS,
~t~!2 LEAKAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL TANKS,
2i376 LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
2377 LEAKAGE, MANUALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION,
2140 LEAKAGE, GRCUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, PIPELINES, CANADA,
2172 LEAKAGE, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
2222 LEAKAGE, 'OIL LAYER, 'FLOWING WATER,
1994 LEGISLATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL , GERMANY, WEST,
2S54 LEGISLATION, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, REUSE, LUBRICATING OIL, US,
2073 LEGISLATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
2277 LEGISLATION, MANUALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, OIL DISCHARGES,
2878 LEGISLATION, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CANADA, MANUALS, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION
PPEVENTION,
2150 LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, US, 'AQUATIC
RESOURCES,
2166 LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, VIRGINIA,
:.FFSHCR£-D£VELOPMENT,
2249 LEGISLATION, -JS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, Oil SPILLS, *CEO,
22 St.1 LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
2251 LEGISLATION, US, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'EPA,
2252 LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, 'NAVIGATION,
2252 LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, TIL-GAS LEASING, 'POLLUTION CONTROL,
2254 LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, PORTS,
2255 LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, CCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
2256 LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
284
-------
2257
2253
2259
2261
2262
2264
2265
2266
2271
2272
2276
1740
2150
2246
2254
2257
2262
2263
2267
2277
1943
2047
2049
2050
2051
2053
2054
2055
2059
2060
1760
1828
1893
2077
2078
2085
2096
1782
1816
1837
1S39
2089
2115
2116
2139
2143
2157
2290
1812
1817
1836
1375
2061
2144
2242
2274
227S
1763
2231
2093
2113
LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
LEGISLATION, US, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT,
LEGISLATION, US, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, PORTS,
LEGISLATION, US, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKER<=
LEGISLATION, US, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
LEGISLATION, KASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL INDUSTRY,
LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
LEGISLATION, BRAZIL, OIL DISCHARGES, 'PENALTIES,
LEGISLATION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CANADA,
LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
LEGISLATION,US,
LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENGLAND, *ACOPS,
LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION, US, *AOUATIC
RESOURCES,
LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, OREGON,
LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, US, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, PORTS,
LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, US, OIL SPILLS,
LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, 'HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES,
LIABILITY, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, 'VESSEL-SOURCE
POLLUTION,
LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, EUROPE,
LOAD-ON-TOP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, ECONOMICS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, REUSE, FUELS,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CONSERVATION,
ECONOMICS,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, REUSE, FUELS,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, REUSE, LEGISLATION, US,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, REUSE, WASTE OIL,
MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, METULA OIL SPILL,
MAINE, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEDIMENTS, 'LONG COVE,
MANUALS, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL , GUIDELINES,
MANUALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION,
MANUALS, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CANADA, LEGISLATION, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, ARCTIC, ALASKA, 'WALRUS,
MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, WALES, 'GREY SEALS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, SEDIMENTS, CARCINOGENS, PAH,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, 'MUSSELS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SAMPLING, TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, CANADA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, 'PANAMA,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DIL SPILLS, 'JK,
MARINE ORGANISMS, TOXICITY, INVERTEBRATES, ARCTIC, CANADA,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FATE, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PAH, SEDIMENTS, BALTIC SEA, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES CONTAMINATION, FRESHWATER,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, SAMPLING, MONITORING, 'OIL AGGREGATES, 'DISTRIBUTION,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, SAMPLING, TAR, MONITORING,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MONITORING, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, POLLUTION PREVSNTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CKEDABUCTO BAY, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
METULA OIL SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
MEXICC/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
MICROORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , TOXICITY,
MICROORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, COASTS, CANADA,
285
-------
2104
2122
2124
2129
2194
2196
2203
2207
2208
2239
2232
189S
2185
2240
2243
1783
2036
2090
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1773
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1302
13,33
1809
1812
1817
1878
1935
2104
2136
2169
2178
22«5
2225
2227
2244
1737
1799
1804
iaDi
2233
2231
MICROORGANISMS,
MICROORGANISMS,
MICROORGANISMS,
MICROORGANISMS,
FUNGI, BACTERIA,
CRUDE OIL, "FERTILIZER,
MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, MONITORING,
MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOIL, ARCTIC,
MICROORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS,
PHYTOPLANKTON, RESTORATION,
MICROORGANISMS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, ALGAE,
BIODEGRADATICN, CRUDE OIL, EMULSIFIERS,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES,
MICROORGANISMS, BICDEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL,
MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, LAKES, CRUDE OIL,
MISSISSIPPI RIVER, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MODELS, BOOMS, *OIL LOSSES,
MODELS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA COAST, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, CANADA,
MODELS, OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, SPREADING, DELAWARE BAY,
MOLLOSKS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, *MYTILUS EDULIS,
MOLLUSKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, *OYSTERS, "OSMOREGULATICN,
MOLLCSKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, 'HYDROCARBON METABOLISM, *MUSSELS,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
MONITORING, COASTS, WALES, CONSERVATION, OFFSHORE DEVELCPMENT,
MONITORING, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, *OIL POLLUTANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
TCXICITY,
MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, TAR, OCEANS, BEACHES,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, *UV ABSORPTION,
MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, «OIL-IN-WATER MONITOR,
MONITORING, DETECTION, WASTE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'SEWAGE,
MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, DCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, "BARIUM
CONCENTRATIONS,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, FUEL OIL, -FLUORESCENCE,
MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOMASS, PLANKTON, OIL INDUSTRY, ENGLAND,
MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, CARCINOGENS, PAH,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, "MUSSELS,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, "MYTILUS EDULIS,
MONITORING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ESGINEERING,
MONITORING, BILGES, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
MONITORING, DETECTION, 'OIL-CN-WATER, 'OIL-COLLECTION CHAMBER,
MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT,
MONITORING, RHINE RIVER, CONTAMINATION, *MAAS RIVER, EUROPE,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING,
MONITORING, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *OIL DETECTOR,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DISPERSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
MONITORING, DETECTION, CONTAMINATION,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, TAR, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING,
MONITORING, TAR, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA,
•DISTRIBUTION,
MONITORING, WASTE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, NEW YORK,
'BUFFALO RIVER,
MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, REGULATIONS,
MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, "F.RTS-1,
MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BAHAMAS,
MONITORING, SAMPLING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, "OIL AGGREGATES, 'DISTRIBUTION,
MONITORING, SAMPLING, TAR, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
MONITORING, CONTAINMENT, SAMPLING, NEW YORK, "OIL POLLUTANTS, "BUFFALO RIVER,
MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ARCTIC,
MONITORING, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, "RESEARCH PROGRAM,
ENGLAND,
MONITORING, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SCOTLAND, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REFINERIES,
MONITORING, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, PLANTS,
MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, 5EAWATER, SEDIMENTS, OIL TANKS, iPECTFCSCCPY,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, INDUSTRIES, "BENZESE,
MONITORING, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, TAR, 3ICCEuRACAT ICI., PACIFIC OCEAN,
MOVEMENT, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS,
MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA COAST,
MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS,
MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, CIL SLICKS,
COASTS, ESTUASIES,
DELAWARE 3AY, "LANL
MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PCRTS, SE* JERSEY, CELAW.^.KE,
MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, MEXICC/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, POSTS,
286
-------
llll
1795
1836
1808
1813
2097
2183
2230
1768
1796
1860
1935
2ml
1876
-.083
2118
/I 35
2165
2192
2269
1745
1753
1757
1766
1769
1770
1775
1823
1831
1847
2114
2147
2217
1779
1949
2065
2156
2158
2159
2161
2173
2177
2184
2255
2256
2164
2168
2173
2177
2180
2134
0°CEANS'
NA^«TRHU??ON; MONITORING' TAR' HYDROCARBONS. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, CALIFORNIA COAST
NATURAL SEEPAGE, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, *ERTS-1
NATURAL SEEPAGE, SAMPLING. ALASKA, 'ALASKA PENINSULA; '
NATURAL^SEEPAGE, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, RESTORATION,
NEW JERSEY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ATLANTIC COAST, "ONSHORE
i " c At, A S t
NEW JERSEY, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, DELAWARE,
NEW YORK, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, BEACHES, CRUDE OIL ^LAWAKb,
NEW YORK, MONITORING, WASTE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, POLLUTION PREVENTION
NEW YORK, *BUFFALO RIVER,
NEW YORK, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'BUFFALO RIVER, 'AIR BARRIER
NEW YORK, CONTAINMENT, MONITORING, SAMPLING, 'OIL POLLUTANTS, 'BUFFALO RIVER
NEW YORK, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, HABITATS
NORTH SEA, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
NORTH SEA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, TANKERS
ESTUARIES, UK,
NORTH SEA, BIRDS, SHORELINES, NORWAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
NORTH SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'POLLUTION,
NORTH SEA, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, HEALTH HAZARDS, 'MEDICAL ASPECTS
NORTH SEA^ ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
F ISHER I ES f
NORTH SEA, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION,
NORTH SEA, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, NORWAY, POLLUTION PREVENTION
OCEANS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, *NOAA,
OCEANS, OIL DISCHARGES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, 'PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON EMISSION,
OCEANS, WASTEWATERS , OIL DISCHARGES, COASTS, 'MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL INPUTS
OCEANS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
OCEANS, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
OCEANS, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, TAR, BEACHES,
OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, SAMPLING
OCEANS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SAMPLING, CONTAMINANTS,
OCEANS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OCEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, PLANTS,
OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL , WASTEWATERS , 'MARINE POLLUTION.
OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION,
OCS, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 'BARIUM
CONCENTRATIONS,
DCS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, TANKERS, 'ONSHORE TERMINAL,
OCS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA,
OCS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, 200PLANKTON,
OCS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
CCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ATLANTIC COAST, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ALASKA/GULF OF, 'NATURAL
PHENOMENA,
CCS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OCS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
OCS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ARCTIC, 'PERMAFROST,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTS, LEGISLATION, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, VIRGINIA,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, CCS, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ALASKA/GULF OF, 'NATURAL
PHENOMENA,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'STATES RIGHTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OCS, EIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
CFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CCS, ALASKA,
•ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, ALASKA COAST, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
287
-------
2188
2226
2230
2231
2250
2262
2273
2286
1876
2071
2079
2118
2163
2178
2181
2259
2269
2175
2180
2186
2192
2253
2255
2256
2165
2166
2178
2171
2186
2187
2192
2253
1749
1753
1766
1796
1334
1345
1847
1950
2077
2099
2137
2138
2141
2139
2245
2248
2263
2271
2274
2275
1754
2161
2183
2253
1752
1781
1845
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, FATE, OIL SPILLS, BAHAMAS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, PORTS, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, PORTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, PORTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, PORTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
TRANSPORT, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, REGULATIONS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BIRDS, SHORELINES, NORWAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, NORTH SEA,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, CONTAMINATION,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, LEGISLATION, US, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PORTS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, NORTH SEA, NORWAY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BLOWOUT
PREVENTION, NORTH SEA,
OIL-GAS LEASING, "POLLUTION CONTROL,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BLOWOUT
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION,
EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION,
EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, HEALTH HAZARDS, NORTH SEA, *MEDICAL ASPECTS,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, DRILLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
GUIDELINES,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINERIES,
MONITORING,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EUROPE, OIL TRANSPORT, OILSPILLS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, ARCTIC,
EXPLORATION, OIL INDUSTRY,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
NORTH SEA,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
PREVENTION, NORTH SEA,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, LEGISLATION, US, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL TRANSPORT,
ECONOMICS,
OIL DISCHARGES, WASTE OIL, US, ECONOMICS,
OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, COASTS, OCEANS, 'MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL INPUTS,
MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING,
SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS, ITALY, TANKERS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, OIL INDUSTRY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, TANKERS, SHIPS,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
MANUALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, LEGISLATION,
TOXICITY, FISHES, CRUSTACEANS, PETROCHEMICALS,
OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
OIL DISCHARGES, OIL SPILLS, WASTEWATERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL DISCHARGES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, BEACHES, CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
IRELAND,
OIL DISCHARGES, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, USSR,
OIL DISCHARGES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN, TANKERS,
OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, INLAND, ALASKA, 'OILING PERMITS,
OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, LIABILITY, 'HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES,
OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, BRAZIL, 'PENALTIES,
OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, REGULATIONS, SHIPS,
OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, EUROPE,
OIL-GAS LEASING, STATE GOVERNMENTS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OIL-GAS LEASING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, NEW JERSEY, 'ONSHORE
IMPACTS,
OIL-GAS LEASING, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, •POLLUTION CONTROL,
OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONSERVATION, CANADA, 'PACE,
OIL INDUSTRY, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOMASS, PLANKTON, ENGLAND,
OIL INDUSTRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL DISCHARGES,
CIL DISCHARGES,
288
-------
1963
1970
1988
1997
2040
2058
2067
2078
2132
2165
2186
2189
2191
2264
2265
2270
2272
2210
1775
1787
1804
1805
1809
1859
1867
1375
1877
1884
1908
1912
1918
1919
2195
2204
2219
2220
2224
2238
2240
2288
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1746
1743
1750
1751
1756
1759
1760
1761
1763
1764
1763
1770
1771
1784
1797
1798
1799
1801
1802
1803
1806
1808
1309
1313
loll
OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL,
OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SEDIMENTS, CLEANUP,
OIL INDUSTRY, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, OKLAHOMA,
OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, REFINERIES, 'HUNGARY,
OIL INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, JAPAN,
OIL INDUSTRY, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, *TESTING METHODS,
OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, GUIDELINES
OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CANADA, LEGISLATION, MANUALS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, HEALTH HAZARDS, NORTH SEA, *MEDICAL ASPECTS,
OIL INDUSTRY, OIL TRANSPORT, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, USSR,
OIL INDUSTRY, PRODUCTION, WATER QUALITY, *WATER RESOURCES,
OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, US, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, LEGISLATION,
OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 'NIGERIA,
OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CANADA,
OIL SHALE, EIODEGRADATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
EXTRACTION,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, TAR, OCEANS, BEACHES,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, MOVEMENT,
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, MOVEMENT, COASTS, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE BAY, *LANDSAT,
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, MOVEMENT, DELAWARE BAY, *LANDSAT,
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BAHAMAS,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, 'OIL-COLLECTING AGENTS,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, WEATHERING, GERMANY, WEST, 'PHOTOCHEMICAL DISSOLUTION,
OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, RECOVERY, CLEANUP, TOXICITY, 'OIL HERDER,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, ECONOMICS, DECOMPOSITION, EVAPORATION, 'LASER,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, ADSORPTION,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, ADSORPTION,
OIL SLICKS, BIODEGRADATICN, CLEANUP, 'NUTRIENT ADDITION,
OIL SLICKS, 3IODEGRADATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, GREAT LAKES ,
OIL SLICKS, EVAPORATION, 'EMPIRICAL FORMULAS,
OIL SLICKS, EMULSIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
OIL SLICKS, FATE, ESTUARIES, CANADA, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
OIL SLICKS, FATE, MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, CANADA, 'OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
OIL SLICKS, MODELS, MOVEMENT, CANADA,
OIL SLICKS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
'PETROLEUM OILS,
OIL SPILLS, STATISTICS, LIABILITY, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENGLAND, 'ACOPS,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SPAIN, FISHERIES, BEACHES, CLEANUP, 'CORUNA OIL SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, 'GOKANUS CANAL,
OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, REGULATIONS, US, 'US COAST GUARD,
OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, GERMANY, WEST, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, ENGLAND, 'ACOPS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'US COAST GUARD,
OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'MORTALITY,
OIL SPILLS, ENGLISH CHANNEL, CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, 'OIL LOSS, SWEDEN,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, METULA OIL SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, REEFS, INDIAN OCEAN,
OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, 'RESEARCH SURVEY,
OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, BEACHES, CRUDE OIL, NEW YORK,
OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, OCEANS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, 'ALERT BAY OIL SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OS COAST GUARD,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, SPREADING, GERMANY, WEST,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA COAST,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION,
OIL SPILLS, PEMGTE SENSING, DETECTION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, 'FLUORESCENCE,
MONITORING, REGULATIONS,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, 'US COAST GUARD,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CALIFORNIA COAST,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MONITORING, 'ERTS-1,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BAHAMAS,
OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING, ADSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, INDUSTRIES,
289
-------
1828
1829
1840
1843
1344
1S45
1347
1348
1350
1851
1853
1854
1855
1836
1857
1S58
1862
1563
1564
1665
1366
1568
1559
187«
13-;
1672
1873
1874
1876
1879
1879
1688
loSl
1882
1333
1S35
1886
1S3~
1888
1389
1390
1391
1892
1393
1694
1895
1896
1899
19ei
19.53
1904
1926
1989
1911
1913
1914
1915
1915
1924
1925
1923
1929
CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEDIMENTS, MAINE, "LONG COVE,
OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SAMPLING,
OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, DELAWARE
BAY, SAMPLING,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY,
OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, OIL INDUSTRY,
OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, TANKERS, SHIPS,
SAMPLING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *US COAST
DIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
GIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
OIL SPILLS
30ARD,
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROM.ATOGRAPHY,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *MOORING DEVICE,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, 'CONNECTOR HINGE,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, COASTS, SHORELINES,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
~IL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'BARRIER DELIVERY SYSTEM,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
CIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, *SEA SLED,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, HYDROCARBONS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING. "DEBRIS HANDLING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, NORTH SEA,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'ROTCRK SEA TRUCK,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, RECOVERY, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, US, FRANCE,
CLEANUP, COAGULATION,
CLEANUP, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, SKIMMERS,
RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL ,
DISPOSAL , MANUALS, GUIDELINES,
CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, 'POLYSTYRENE BEADS,
RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WEATHERING, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, ABSORPTION,
RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
~IL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CLEANUP, 'COMPUTER SIMULATION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTAMINATION, 'WELL HATER,
^IL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ARCTIC, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, 'OPERATIONS TESTS,
OIL -PILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHORELINES, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'SYSTEMS TESTS,
OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, EIS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SINKING AGENTS,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, EMULSIONS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPOSAL ,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ADSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, 'OIL HERDERS,
ZIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, SECCVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
r'IL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, WASTE OIL,
01' SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'SYSTEM ANALYSIS,
-T- ;?i'L=, CLrANL'P, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, CLEANUP, GUIDELINES,
"•TL SFI'LS 3*-cOVrRY, CIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
;ZL SPILLS, CRUDE GIL, FUEL OIL, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
"'IL ^PILLS, riECCVERY, CESIGN-ESGISEEPISG,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ADSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'OIL RESISTANT FABRIC,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
GIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
'SORBENTS, 'PISTON FILMS,
290
-------
1931
1932
1933
1934
1936
1937
1939
1942
1948
1954
2062
2065
2066
2067
2063
2070
2072
2073
2874
2077
2078
2088
2096
2097
21.32
2105
2106
2111
2113
2115
2117
2121
2124
2127
2130
2133
2136
2138
2140
2142
2150
2151
2157
2173
2188
2192
2193
2196
2197
2201
2203
2216
2221
2226
2233
2231
2232
2233
2234
2236
2241
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SOIL, CONTAMINATION, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, LEAKAGE, *SINGLE BUOY MOORING,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, ENGLAND, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOIL, RESTORATION, CANADA,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, DISPERSIONS, *SEA-SURFACE DRIFT CURRENTS,
OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, DCS,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, *COUNTER MEASURES,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS,
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE,
OIL SPILLS, INLAND, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INLAND, FRANCE, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, MANUALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEAKAGE, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION,
OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CANADA, LEGISLATION, MANUALS, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, WASHINGTON, 'ALPINE HABITAT,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, WALES, *GREY SEALS,
OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, RESTORATION,
ALASKA,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, CANADA, PLANTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, CANADA, ARCTIC,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
WASHINGTON,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, BENTHOS, FISH, BIRDS, VIRGINIA,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, UK,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
RESTORATION,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HABITATS, NEW YORK,
OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
MICROORGANISMS, RESTORATION,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, BIRDS, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, INVERTEBRATES, CHINA, RESTORATION,
'MEIOFAUNA,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY,
OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, MONITORING, TOXICITY, 'RESEARCH PROGRAM,
ENGLAND,
OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, STORAGE, PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, CANADA,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, CANADA, ARCTIC, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
•THAW DEPTH,
OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION, US, 'AQUATIC
RESOURCES,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GUIDELINES, SANTA
BARBARA CHANNEL,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIRDS,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ALASKA/GULF OF, 'NATURAL
PHENOMENA,
OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, CLEANUP, BLOWOUT
PREVENTION, NORTH SEA,
BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER, EMULSIFIERS,
BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, FUNGI, BACTERIA,
OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC COAST, SEDIMENTS,
CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, 6IODEGRADATICN, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, 'FERTILIZER,
>">IL SPILLS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, SPREADING, "OIL UNDER ICE,
CIr SPILLS, RESTORATION, WEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, FATE, CANADA, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
01- SPILLS, FATE, BAHAMAS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
rIL SPI'LS, ytCV~MENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
OIr SPILLS MOVEMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
OIr SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, FATE, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
01' «PILLS FAT1", ARCTIC, WEATHERING, CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
.->!' SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, RHODE ISLAND, BIOCEGRADATION,
OIL SPILLS, FATE, INLAND, BIODEGRADATION, WEATHERING,
OIL SPILLS, FATE, SPREADING, WEATHERING, BIQDEGRADATION,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
291
-------
2242 OIL SPILLS, FATE, CHEDABOCTO BAY, ATLANTIC OCEAN, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
2243 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, DRIFT, SPREADING, DELAWARE BAY,
2246 OIL SPILLS, REGULATIONS, LIABILITY, OREGON,
2247 OIL SPILLS, REGULATIONS, CLEANUP, OREGON,
2249 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, *CEQ,
2252 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'NAVIGATION,
2254 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, TANKERS, PORTS,
2257 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY,
2262 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, LIABILITY, TANKERS,
2276 OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, US,
2277 OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY, ATLANTIC OCEAN, EUROPE,
2281 OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS,
2232 OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS,
2283 OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABIBLITY, CLEANUP,
2287 OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
1747 OIL TANKS, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, LEAKAGE, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1758 OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, SWITZERLAND,
1938 OIL TANKS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1944 OIL TANKS, PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, GROUNDWATER, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
2070 OIL TANKS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEAKAGE, OIL SPILLS,
2272 OIL TANKS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE,
2225 OIL TANKS, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, SPECTROSCOPY,
1772 OIL TRANSFER, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1937 OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, 'SINGLE BUOY MOORING,
1939 OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, ENGLAND, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
1343 OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1953 OIL TRANSFER, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
2223 OIL TRANSFER, DECOMPOSITION, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, SEAWATER,
2261 OIL TRANSFER, LEGISLATION, US, PORTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1945 OIL TRANSPORT, PETROCHEMICALS, REGULATIONS,
1946 OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EXPLORATION, 'INDICATOR
ORGANISMS, 'ARCTIC FOX,
1949 OIL TRANSPORT, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, PIPELINES, TANKERS, OCS, 'ONSHORE TERMINAL,
1951 OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, REFINERIES, DELAWARE BAY, 'SPORT FISHING,
2171 OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EUROPE, OIL SPILLS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
2175 OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
2186 OIL TRANSPORT, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-
PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
2258 OIL TRANSPORT, LEGISLATION, US, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
ECONOMICS,
2267 OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, 'VESSEL-SOURCE
POLLUTION,
2268 OIL TRANSPORT, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
2273 OIL TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
2281 OIL TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS,
22S5 OIL TRANSPORT, GUIDELINES, TANKERS,
1789 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1377 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
1892 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL ,
1921 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS,.CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1924 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1938 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, SHIPS, OIL TANKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1947 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SHIPS, BILGES, BALLAST,
•DUBAI DRY DOCK,
1959 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, COALESCENCE,
1961 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
1965 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, SKIMMERS,
1966 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUEL OIL, SLUDGE, SHIPS,
1967 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
1968 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, 'SEPOL 443,
1969 -IL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SHIPS, REFINERIES,
1971 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
19~3 O:L-«ATER SEPARATION, BILGE, BALLAST, FILTRATION, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1976 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, BALLAST, BILGES, TANKERS,
1977 OIL-wATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
1978 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE,
19~9 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, COALESCENCE,
193iJ OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST, TANKERS,
1931 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, EMULSIONS,
19S3 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT
292
-------
1984
1987
1989
1991
1995
1999
2020
2001
2005
2006
2009
2012
2013
2014
2015
2018
2019
2021
2022
2023
2026
2027
2032
2033
2034
2037
2041
2042
2044
2045
2046
2083
1762
2015
2063
2075
2080
2152
2172
1955
1963
2107
1316
2153
2244
2245
1782
1820
1821
1824
1826
1332
1833
1838
1342
1846
2087
2143
2149
2229
2235
1878
2061
:e62
2063
2064
1945
1974
19S2
2,302
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, JAPAN
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ABSORPTION, COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COAGULATION, COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CHILE
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, OIL WELLS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, FILTRATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, FLOCCULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, »COANDA EFFECT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ABSORPTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, ABSORPTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION, 'DRILLING FLUIDS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, TANKERS, FLOCCULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, ECONOMICS, US COAST GUARD,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTSWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, 'DEMULSIFICATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, BALLAST, TANKERS, ESTUARIES, UK,
NORTH SEA,
OIL WELLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, USSR, *NUCLEAR EXPLOSION,
OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
OIL WELLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING,
OIL WELLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, DRILLING,
OIL WELLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL WELLS, DRILLING, CONTAMINANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, GROUNDWATER,
OIL WELLS, DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEAKAGE, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
OXIDATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL,
OXIDATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, *DEMULSIFICATION,
OXIDATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,CRUDE OIL, PHYTOPLANKTON, ALGAE, *?HOTO
PACIFIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, TAR, MARINE ORGANISMS,
PACIFIC OCEAN, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
PORTS, TANKERS,
PACIFIC OCEAN, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, DETECTION, TAR, BIODEGRADATION,
PACIFIC OCEAN, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TAR, TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES,
PAH, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, CARCINOGENS,
CHFOMATOGRAPHY, 'MUSSELS,
PAH, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, 'EPIPELIC DIATOMS,
PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING,
PAH, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, DETECTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, CHROMATCGRAPHY, 'FLUORIMETRY,
PAH, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS,
PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAHPY, CARCINOGENS, *FRAGMESTCGRAPHY,
PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS, 'FLUORESCENCE,
PAH, DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHRCMATOGRAPHY,
PAH, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS, CONTAMINATION,
CANADA,
PAH, TCXICITY, CARCINOGENS, 'PHOTOTOXICITY,
PAH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BALTIC SEA, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES,
PAH, CARCINOGENS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, UK, 'POTABLE WATER,
PAH, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'SCURCES, 'TRANSPORT,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN' SEA,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, OIL vvELLS,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, TEXAS,
PETROCHEMICALS, OIL TRANSPORT, REGULATIONS,
PETROCHEMICALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES,
PETROCHEMICALS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, INCINERATION,
PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'VERMICULITE,
293
-------
2820 PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, 'BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT,
2040 PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, JAPAN,
2046 PETROCHEMICALS, KASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, REFINERIES,
2099 PETROCHEMICALS, TOXICITY, FISHES, CRUSTACEANS, OIL DISCHARGES,
2112 PETROCHEMICALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FISHES,
1955 PH CONTROL, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OXIDATION,
1953 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING,
2142 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, CANADA, ARCTIC,
PHYSICAL EFFECTS, *THAW DEPTH,
2216 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, SPREADING, *CIL UNDER ICE,
2102 PHYTOPLANKTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, CANADA, PLANTS,
2107 PHYTOPLANKTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, 'PHOTOOXIDATJON,
2124 PHYTOPLANKTON, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS,
MICROORGANISMS, RESTORATION,
1942 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOIL, RESTORATION, CANADA,
1944 PIPELINES, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, GROUNDWATER, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1946 PIPELINES, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EXPLORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, 'INDICATOR
ORGANISMS, *ARCTIC FOX,
1949 PIPELINES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, OCS, "ONSHORE TERMINAL,
2076 PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
2081 PIPELINES-, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GROUNDWATER, 'CORROSION,
2132 PIPELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, PLANTS, PHYTCPLANKTON',
2140 PIPELINES, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, LEAKAGE, CANADA,
1781 PLANKTON, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOMASS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENGLAND,
2295 PLANKTON, TOXICITY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHRCMATOGRAPHY, FISHES, ALGAE,
2088 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, WASHINGTON, 'ALPINE HABITAT,
2091 PLANTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, 'ELECTROLYTE LOSS,
2097 PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, RESTORATION,
ALASKA,
2181 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, CRANKCASE OIL, SOIL,
2102 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, CANADA, PHYTOPLANKTON,
2105 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, ARCTIC,
2114 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, OCEANS,
2142 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, ARCTIC, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
•THAW DEPTH,
2205 PLANTS, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, MONITORING,
1746 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, ENGLAND, 'ACOPS,
1747 POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, REGULATIONS,
1748 POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, "JS COAST GUARD,
1772 POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
1796 POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, WASTE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, NEW YORK,
•BUFFALO RIVER,
1803 POLLUTION PREVENTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, "JS COAST GUARD,
1886 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, US, FRANCE,
1505 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1907 POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, EI5,
1939 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, ENGLAND, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
1941 POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, HYDROCARBONS, REGULATIONS, 'UNDERGROUND CAVERNS,
1943 POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, ECONOMICS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
LOAD-ON-TOP,
1944 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PIPELINES, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, GROUNDWATES,
1947 POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, 3ILGES, 9ALLAST,
•DUBAI DRY DOCK,
1958 POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
1974 POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
2061 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
2068 POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
2070 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEAKAGE, OIL SPILLS, OIL TANKS,
2672 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE,
2073 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, ISLAND, LEGISLATION,
2076 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
2077 POLLUTION PREVENTION, MANUALS, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION,
2078 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CANADA, LEGISLATION, MANUALS,
OIL INDUSTRY,
<.CS<> POLLUTION PREVENTION, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL «iELLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
2i)31 POLLUTION PREVENTION, GHOUNDWATER, PIPELINES, 'CORROSION,
2083 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER 5EPAKATICN, 2ALLAST, TANKERS, ESTUARIES, JK,
NORTH SEA,
:i32 PCLLL'TION PREVENTION. ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS,
2134 POLLUTION PREVENTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
2139 POLLUTION PREVENTION, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRCNMESTAL EFFECTS, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS.
2170 POLLUTION PREVENTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, 3EFINERIE5,
MONITORING,
2210 POLLUTION PREVENTION, BIODEGRACATIOS, OIL SHALE, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
294
-------
2251
2252
2259
2266
2259
2273
2276
2278
2279
2281
2282
2284
2153
2226
2230
2231
2253
2254
2259
2261
2262
2178
2186
2187
2191
2264
1977
2012
2047
2050
2051
2055
2058
2B59
2060
1742
1858
1668
1370
1871
1873
1874
1376
1377
1879
1880
1881
1883
1886
1891
1892
1895
1897
1899
1900
1901
1932
1904
1936
1938
1910
1916
LAW ENFORCEMENT,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS,
STATE GOVERNMENTS, TANKERS,
EXTRACTION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, US, *EPA,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, OIL SPILLS, *NAVIGATION
POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, US, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, PORTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION
*IMCO,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, NORTH SEA, NORWAY
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, SHIPS
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, CLEANUP
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, WATER QUALITY, ECOSYSTEMS,
RHINE RIVER,
PORTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, TANKERS,
PACIFIC OCEAN,
PORTS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, BAHAMAS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
PORTS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
PORTS, LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
PORTS, LEGISLATION, US, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
PORTS, LEGISLATION, US, OIL TRANSFER, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PORTS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, CONTAMINATION,
PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
OFFSHORE-OIL INDUSTRY,
PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-FISHERIES,
NORTH SEA,
PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, WATER QUALITY, *WATER RESOURCES,
PRODUCTION, LEGISLATION, US, EXPLORATION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
RECLAMATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, DISPOSAL ,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECLAMATION, REFINING, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CONSERVATION,
ECONOMICS,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, OIL INDUSTRY, *TESTING METHODS,
RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECLAMATION, REUSE, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, *GOWANUS CANAL,
RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, SHORELINES,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, *SEA SLED,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, NORTH SEA,
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CLEANUP,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, US, FRANCE,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL ,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, DETECTION, CONTAMINANTS, GROUNDWATER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, 'COMPUTER SIMULATION,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, 'OPERATIONS TESTS,
RECOVERY, GIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'SYSTEMS TESTS,
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, CLEANUP, TOXICITY, "OIL HERDER,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
295
-------
1918
1919
1920
1921
1923
1924
1925
1927
1928
1930
1931
1932
1933
1994
1996
2013
2039
2046
2052
2054
2056
2057
2B59
1772
1814
1815
1325
1940
1951
1955
1957
1962
1964
1969
1975
1985
1989
1993
1997
2003
2004
2012
2016
2019
2020
2028
2029
2031
2835
2B38
2039
2046
2052
2136
2160
2169
2170
2260
2010
2048
2159
1743
1747
1302
1941
1945
2132
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, ADSORPTION,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, ADSORPTION,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *SYSTEH ANALYSIS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
RECOVERY, CRUDE OIL, *SUNKEN SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
RECOVERY, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OIL-WATER INTERFACE DETECTOR
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *OIL RESISTANT FABRIC
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, DISPOSAL , LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST,
RECOVERY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, DISPOSAL
RECYCLING, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, SLUDGE,
RECYCLING, REFINING, LUBRICATING OILS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECYCLING, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REUSE,
RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, REUSE, LUBRICATING OIL, LEGISLATION, US,
RECYCLING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, WASTE OIL,
RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS,
RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
REFINERIES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL
SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REFINERIES, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS,
WASTEWATERS, *DAPHIA PULEX,
SAMPLING,
TOXICITY,
STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, 'UNDERGROUND
SPORT FISHING,
REFINERIES
REFINERIES
REFINERIES
STORAGE,
REFINERIES, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, DELAWARE BAY, „«.„„, .
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OXIDATION, PH CONTROL,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CANADA, WATER QUALITY,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS
REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
REFINERIES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
JAPAN,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , GUIDELINES,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, OIL INDUSTRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'HUNGARY,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE ,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE ,
REFINERIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, CHILE,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, COAGULATION,
REFINERIES, KASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, 'BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TEXAS, 'ACTIVATED CARBON,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEKATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
KASTEWATER TREATMENT
PHENOLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
WATER QUALITY, EUROPE,
EVAPORATION,
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, RECYCLING, SLUDGE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, PETROCHEMICALS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REUSE, RECYCLING,
WASTEWATERS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, TOXICITY, 'RESEARCH PROGRAM,
REFINERIES
REFINERIES
REFINERIES
REFINERIES
REFINERIES,
REFINERIES,
REFINERIES,
ENGLAND,
REFINERIES, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SCOTLAND, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
MONITORING,
REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
MONITORING,
REFINERIES, REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINING, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, DISPOSAL ,
REFINING, RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OILS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
REFINING, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CONSERVATION,
ECONOMICS,
REFINING, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, USSR,
REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, OS, 'US COAST GUARD,
REGULATIONS, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, GIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION
REGULATIONS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, MONITORING,
REGULATIONS, STORAGE, HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'UNDERGROUND CAVERNS,
REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, PETROCHEMICALS,
REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
296
-------
2134
2163
2246
2247
2248
2260
2263
2268
2270
2274
2286
1774
1787
1797
1798
1799
1880
1801
1S02
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
2238
2106
1771
1926
1936
1942
2097
2117
2124
2130
2141
2221
2011
2049
2052
2053
2054
2063
1788
2284
2229
1765
1790
1794
1810
1811
1812
1313
1814
1815
1316
1817
1813
1819
1820
1821
1S23
1829
1331
REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, OREGON,
REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, OREGON,
REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, INLAND, ALASKA, 'OILING PERMITS,
REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
REGULATIONS, LIABILITY, OIL DISCHARGES, 'HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES,
REGULATIONS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 'NIGERIA,
REGULATIONS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS,
REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING, DETECTION, 'OIL POLLUTANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
TCXICITY,
REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT,
REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, US COAST GUARD,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, GERMANY, WEST,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA COAST,
REMOTE SENSING, BALTIC SEA, 'OIL POLLUTION,
REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, 'FLUORESCENCE,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, MONITORING, REGULATIONS,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, 'US COAST GUARD,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE BAY, 'LANDSAT,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, DELAWARE BAY, 'LANDSAT,
REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CALIFORNIA COAST,
REMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, SHORELINES, ECOSYSTEMS, *OIL POLLUTION,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MONITORING, 'ERTS-1,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BAHAMAS,
REMOTE SENSING, FATE, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, CANADA, 'OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WASHINGTON,
RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, 'ALERT BAY OIL SPILL,
RESTORATION, CLEANUP, BEACHES, SURFACTANTS,
SOIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOIL, CANADA,
OIL SPILLS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS,
BENTHOS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
CHINA,
RESTORATION,
RESTORATION,
RESTORATION,
ALASKA,
RESTORATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
CHEDABUCTO BAY,
RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
MICROORGANISMS,
RESTORATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, INVERTEBRATES
RESTORATION,'BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, BALLAST, BEACHES, CLEANUP,
T ^ FLAND
RESTORATION, WEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
REUSE, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, FUELS,
REUSE, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL, FUELS,
REUSE, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING,
REUSE, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL, FUELS,
REUSE, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OIL, LEGISLATION, US,
REUSE, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
RHINE RIVER, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, *MAAS RIVER, EUROPE,
RHINE RIVER, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
UK, 'POTABLE WATER,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, INDUSTRIES,
ECOSYSTEMS,
RIVERS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION
SAMPLING, TAR, NORWEGIAN SEA,
CAMPLING MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS,
SAMPLING, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, TAR, BEAUFORT SEA,
SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, ADSORPTION,
SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICAT]
SAMPLIW^'MONITORING. MEDITERRANEAN SEA, 'OIL AGGREGATES, 'DISTRIBUTION,
SAMPLING, NATURAL SEEPAGE, ALASKA, 'ALASKA PENINSULA,
C»E"TCAL ANALYSIS, KASTEWATEfiS, REFINERIES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
TAR, MARINE ORGANISMS, PACIFIC OCEAN,
SAMPLING, TAR, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, MONITORING,
SAMPLING, CONTAMINATION, BEACHES, *BAJA CALIFORNIA, FUELS,
HYDROCARBONS^PAH?'ESTUARIES,°ENGLAND, 'EPIPELIC DIATOMS,
fHFMTCAL ANALYSIS, CHRCtfATOGRAPKY, PAK,
HY"FCcVsBCN<; '"C^ANS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, OCEANS,
SAMPLING,
SAMPLING,
SAMPLING,
SAMPLING,
SAMPLING,
SAMPLING,
SAMPLING,
3PECTROMETKY,
SAMPLING,
297
-------
1834 SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS, ITALY, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
1843 SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, DELAWARE
BAY, OIL SPILLS,
1846 SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *US
COAST GUARD,
1852 SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *WATERBORNE OILS,
1935 SAMPLING, CONTAINMENT, MONITORING, NEW YORK, *OIL POLLUTANTS, *BUFFALO RIVER,
1975 SAMPLING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
2151 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL
SPILLS, GUIDELINES,
1940 SCOTLAND, STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "UNDERGROUND
STORAGE,
2169 SCOTLAND, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
MONITORING,
1822 SEAWATER, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
1837 SEAWATER, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
2193 SEAWATER, SIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, EMULSIFIERS,
2199 3EAWATER, BIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *POLAROGRAPHIC RESPIROMETER,
2212 SEAWATEH, HYDROCARBONS, *VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES,
2223 SEAWATER, OIL TRANSFER, DECOMPOSITION, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER,
2225 SEAWATER, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, OIL TANKS, SPECTROSCOPY,
1782 SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, CARCINOGENS, PAH,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, 'MUSSELS,
1322 SEDIMENTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER,
1823 SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MAINE, 'LONG COVE,
1836 SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY,
1839 SEDIMENTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
1840 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, DELAWARE BAY,
OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING,
1841 SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, JAPAN,
1970 SEDIMENTS, HASTEKATER TREATMENT, CLEANUP, OIL INDUSTRY,
2143 SEDIMENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PAH, MARINE ORGANISMS, BALTIC SEA, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES,
2201 SEDIMENTS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP,
2202 SEDIMENTS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, ALASKA,
2221 SEDIMENTS, RESTORATION, WEATHERING, FATE, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
2225 SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, SEAWATER, OIL TANKS, SPECTROSCOPY,
2234 SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, RHODE ISLAND, BIODEGRADATION,
1943 SEGREGATED BALLAST , POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, ECONOMICS, DESIGN-
ENGINEERING, LOAD-ON-TOP,
1958 SEGREGATED BALLAST , TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1753 SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS,
1768 SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, BEACHES, CRUDE OIL, NEW YORK,
1735 3HTPS, MONITORING, BILGES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1847 SHIPS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, TANKERS,
1923 SHIPS, RECOVERY, CRUDE OIL, *SUNKEN DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1324 SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1938 SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, OIL TANKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1947 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, BALLAST,
•DUBAI DRY DOCK,
1951 SHIPS, OIL TRANSPORT, REFINERIES, DELAWARE BAY, *SPORT FISHING,
1966 SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUEL OIL, SLUDGE,
1969 SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
1991 SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
2837 SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ECONOMICS, US COAST GUARD,
2120 SHIPS, TANKERS, 'OIL POLLUTION,
2266 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION,
*IMCO,
2267 SHIPS, LIABILITY, OIL TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, "VESSEL-SOURCE
POLLUTION,
2273 SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES,
SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT,
lit! SHORELINES, REMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, ECOSYSTEMS, «OIL POLLUTION,
1858 SHORELINES, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, on SPILLS, COASTS,
1995 SHORELINES, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
2113 SHORELIVES, BIRDS, NORWAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, NORTH SEA,
1909 SINKING AGENTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
1742 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, 'GCWANUS CANAL,
1863 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
1874 SK:.«.MERS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
298
-------
1879
1830
1883
1885
1890
1896
1899
1900
1901
1906
1925
1931
1933
1965
2057
1961
1966
1967
1985
2007
2039
2179
2158
2161
2176
2180
2190
1936
1942
2101
2122
2208
2205
2213
2215
1753
1761
1764
1801
1811
1343
1844
1845
1346
1847
1848
1848
1850
1351
1852
2123
2211
2233
2245
2288
1779
2065
1741
1323
1824
1827
1336
1839
1844
2211
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, *SORBENTS, *PISTON FILMS,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, CLEANUP, BOOMS, ABSORPTION,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *SYSTEMS TESTS,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
SKIMMERS, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SLUDGE, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
SLUDGE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUEL OIL, SHIPS,
SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
SLUDGE, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, INCINERATION,
SLUDGE, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, RECYCLING,
SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, *OIL POLLUTION,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT
'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'PICEANCE
•ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, *OIL
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
BASIN,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
POLLUTION,
SOIL, RESTORATION, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
SOIL, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RESTORATION, CANADA,
SOIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, CRANKCASE OIL, PLANTS,
SOIL, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, ARCTIC,
SOIL, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, FUNGI,
SOIL, BIODEGRADATION, MONITORING, PLANTS,
SOIL, HYDROCARBONS, ARCTIC, ADSORPTION,
SOLUBILITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, TANKERS, SHIPS,
OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, CLEANUP,
DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, 'RESEARCH SURVEY,
REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, 'FLUORESCENCE,
SAMPLING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, INDUSTRIES,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CLEANUP,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CANADA,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
COAST GUARD,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY,
OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, OIL INDUSTRY,
PAH, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS, CONTAMINATION,
OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, TANKERS, SHIPS,
CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS, INDIA,
OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *US
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SAMPLING, 'WATERBORNE OILS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, HEALTH HAZARDS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, WEATHERING, SPECTROSCOPY, NARRAGANSETT BAY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, WEATHERING, CLEANUP,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN, TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SLICKS,
'PETROLEUM OILS,
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, OCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, 'BARIUM
CONCENTRATIONS,
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, OCS,
SPAIN, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, FISHERIES, BEACHES, CLEANUP, 'CORUNA OIL SPILL,
SFECTROMETRY, HYDROCARBON'S, OCEANS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, DETECTION, PAH, CHRCMATOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES,
HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SPECTROMETRY,
SPECTROMETRY,
SPECTROMETRY,
SPECTROSCOPY,
SEDIMENTS,
SPECTROSCOPY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SPECTROSCOPY, WEATHERING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, NARRAGANSETT BAY,
299
-------
2225 SPECTROSCOPE, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, OIL TANKS,
2239 SPECTROSCOPY, WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
1798 SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, GERMANY, WEST,
1908 SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, CLEANUP, TOXICITY, *OIL HERDER,
2212 SPREADING, CRUDE OIL, COALESCENCE, EMULSIFICATION, 'FRESHWATER ICE CONDITIONS,
2216 SPREADING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, 'OIL UNDER ICE,
2241 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, WEATHERING, BICDEGRADATION,
2243 SPREADING, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY,
1889 ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, BAHAMAS,
2224 ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, OIL SLICKS, FATE, ESTUARIES, CANADA,
1754 STATE GOVERNMENTS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL-GAS LEASING,
2282 STATE GOVERNMENTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKEFS,
OIL SPILLS,
1767 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GUIDELINES, *US COAST GUARD,
1949 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, TANKERS, OCS, *ONSHORE TERMINAL,
1740 STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENGLAND, *ACOPS,
1949 STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, *UNDERGROUND
1941 STORAGE, HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REGULATIONS, 'UNDERGROUND CAVERNS,
1952 STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ECONOMICS, 'UNDERGROUND 'SURFACE TANKS,
2140 STORAGE, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, CANADA,
2175 STORAGE, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
1926 SURFACTANTS, CLEANUP, BEACHES, RESTORATION,
1758 SWITZERLAND, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS,
1741 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, SPAIN, FISHERIES, BEACHES, CLEANUP, *CORUNA OIL SPILL,
1753 TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, SOL'RCE IDENTIFICATION, SHIPS,
1760 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, METULA OIL SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
1768 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, BEACHES, CRUDE OIL, NEW YORK,
1834 TANKERS, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS, ITALY, OIL DISCHARGES,
1845 TANKERS, SOL'RCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL INDUSTRY,
1847 TANKERS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, SHIPS,
1937 TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, 'SINGLE BUOY MOORING,
1939 TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, ENGLAND, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
1943 TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ECONOMICS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
LOAD-ON-TOP,
1947 TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, BALLAST,
•DUBAI DRY DOCK,
1948 TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1949 TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OCS, 'ONSHORE TERMINAL,
1950 TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
1976 TANKERS, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, BALLAST, BILGES,
1988 TANKERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
2034 TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEVJATERS, FLCCCULATION,
2083 TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, ESTUARIES, UK,
NORTH SEA,
2120 TANKERS, SHIPS, 'OIL POLLUTION,
2133 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISFERSANTS, TOXICITY,
2153 TANKERS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
PACIFIC OCEAN,
2245 TANKERS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL DISCHARGES,
2254 TANKERS, LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, PORTS,
2262 TANKERS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
2266 TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION,
*IMCO,
2268 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
2273 TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS,
CFFSHORE-DEVELCPMENT,
2282 TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS,
2285 TANKERS, GUIDELINES, OIL TRANSPORT,
1765 TAR, SAMPLING, NORWEGIAN SEA,
1775 TAR, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, BEACHES,
1794 TAR, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING,
1795 TAR, MONITORING, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA,
'DISTRIBUTION,
1816 TAR, SAMPLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1817 TAR, SAMPLING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, MONITORING,
1819 TAR, SAMPLING, CARIBBEAN SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
2228 TAR, JAPAN/SEA OF, 'SESSILE ANIMALS,
2237 TAR, WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'FOULING ORGANISMS,
2244 TAR, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, DETECTION, BIODEGRADATICN, PACIFIC OCEAN,
2245 TAR, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PACIFIC OCEAN, TANKERS, GIL DISCHARGES,
2329 TEXAS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, 'ACTIVATED CAnBON,
2864 TEXAS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, DRILLING,
300
-------
1763
1774
1325
1908
2091
2393
2094
2095
2099
2100
2110
2112
2116
2119
2125
2129
2133
2136
2152
2223
2289
2083
2115
2229
1743
1749
1886
2054
2150
2249
2251
2254
2257
2258
2259
2261
2264
2189
1773
2096
2088
2106
TO:
TO:
TO:
UK
UK
UK
US
US
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us:
WA:
WA.
MA:
WA:
1749
1778
1796
1917
1956
1963
2013
2011
2049
2253
2054
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2101
1983
1992
2007
2008
2017
2025
1963
1961
1972
1989
TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, REEFS, INDIAN OCEAN,
TOXICITY, MONITORING, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, *OIL POLLUTANTS, DESIGN-
ENGINEERING,
TOXICITY, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, *DAPHNIA PULEX,
TOXICITY, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, RECOVERY, CLEANUP, *OIL HERDER,
TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, PLANTS, -ELECTROLYTE LOSS,
TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , MICROORGANISMS,
TOXICITY, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, 'COREXIT 9527,
TOXICITY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FISHES, PLANKTON, ALGAE,
TOXICITY, FISHES, CRUSTACEANS, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL DISCHARGES,
TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, FISHES, 'TELEOSTS,
TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, FISHES, INVERTEBRATES, "COREXIT 9527,
TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS, FISHES,
TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, ARCTIC, CANADA,
TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, ANNELIDS, *POLYCHAETE WORMS,
TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, *SHRIMP,
TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ALGAE,
TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS,
TOXICITY, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, 'RESEARCH PROGRAM,
ENGLAND,
TOXICITY, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, CONTAMINANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, GROUNDWATER,
TCXICITY, OIL TRANSFER, DECOMPOSITION, FRESHWATER, SEAWATER,
TOXICITY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, FISHES,
BALLAST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, TANKERS, ESTUARIES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CONTAMINATION, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, RIVERS, 'POTABLE WATER,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, REGULATIONS, *US COAST GUARD,
ECONOMICS, WASTE OIL, OIL DISCHARGES,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, FRANCE,
LEGISLATION, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, REUSE, LUBRICATING OIL,
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, *AQUATIC
LEGISLATION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, *CEQ,
LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, *EPA,
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, PORTS,
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT,
LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, PORTS,
LEGISLATION, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
US, LEGISLATION, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
USSR, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES,
WALES, MONITORING, COASTS, CONSERVATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
WALES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE MAMMALS, *GREY SEALS,
WASHINGTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, *ALPINE HABITAT,
WASHINGTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT,
WASTE OIL, OIL DISCHARGES, US, ECONOMICS,
WASTE OIL, MONITORING, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *SEWAGE,
WASTE OIL, MONITORING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, NEW YORK,
'BUFFALO RIVER,
WASTE OIL, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EVAPORATION,
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, OIL INDUSTRY,
RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, REUSE, FUELS,
LUBRICATING OIL, REUSE, FUELS,
LUBRICATING OIL, REUSE, FUELS,
RECYCLING, REUSE, LUBRICATING OIL,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, RECYCLING,
RECYCLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS,
RECLAMATION, OIL INDUSTRY, 'TESTING METHODS,
RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECLAMATION, REUSE, LUBRICATING OIL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRANKCASE OIL, SOIL, PLANTS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL
TREATMENT,
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL
rREATMENT, REFINING, DISPOSAL
LEGISLATION, US,
PETROCHEMICALS, INCINERATION,
SLUDGE, INCINERATION,
INCINERATION,
'COMBUSTION,
WASTE CIL DISPOSAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES,
EMULSIONS, OXIDATION, 'DEM'JLSIFICATION ,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE,
INDUSTRIES, FILTRATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT
WASTE OIL TREATMENT
WASTE OIL TREATMENT
WASTE OIL TREATMENT
301
-------
1994 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
1996 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
2ei3 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
2024 ViASTE OIL TREATMENT,
2047 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
2048 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
2053 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
ECONOMICS,
2051 WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
2055 KASTE OIL TREATMENT,
1963 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
1988 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
2011 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
2039 HASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
2172 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
2275 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
1955 WASTEHATER TREATMENT,
1956 KASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1957 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1958 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1959 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1962 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1964 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1965 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1967 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1969 WASTEWATES TREATMENT,
1970 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1971 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1974 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1977 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1978 WASTEWATEH TREATMENT,
1980 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1981 WASTEWATEH TREATMENT,
1982 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1983 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
ENGINEERING,
1984 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1985 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1987 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1989 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
JAPAN,
1998 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1993 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1996 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1998 WASTEKATER TREATMENT,
1999 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2000 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2001 WASTEKATER TREATMENT,
2002 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2083 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2005 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2806 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2009 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2013 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2014 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2016 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2018 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2019 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2020 WASTEWATEK TREATMENT,
202i WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2022 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2023 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2824 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2825 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2026 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2028 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
id29 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2030 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2231 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2032 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2035 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2036 WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
2038 WASTEKATER TREATMENT,
2339 HASTEWATES TREATMENT,
RECOVERY, DISPOSAL , LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECOVERY,
WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, REFINING, DISPOSAL ,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION,
REFINING, RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OILS,
RECLAMATION, REFINING, LUBRICATING OIL, CONSERVATION,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION,
WASTE OIL, OIL INDUSTRY,
GROUNDWATEH, CONTAMINATION, OIL INDUSTRY, OKLAHOMA,
WASTE OIL, REUSE, FUELS,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING, SLUDGE,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEAKAGE,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OIL DISCHARGES, EUROPE,
REFINERIES, OXIDATION, PH CONTROL,
WASTE OIL, EVAPORATION,
REFINERIES, FILTRATION,
BIODEGRADATION, FILTRATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, COALESCENCE,
REFINERIES, CANADA, WATER QUALITY,
REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, SKIMMERS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, REFINERIES
SEDIMENTS, CLEANUP, OIL INDUSTRY,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, RECLAMATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
BALLAST, TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, EMULSIONS,
CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS,
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
REFINERIES, SLL'DGE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
ADSORPTION, "ACTIVATED CARBCN,
REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , GUIDELINES,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECOVERY,
CRUDE OIL, COAGULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION, COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATER SEPARATICN,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
PETROCHEMICALS, *VERMICULITE,
REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE ,
INDUSTRIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COAGULATION, COALESCENCE,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATICN,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, 'PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS,
REFINERIES, FILTRATION, COAGULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATICN, FILTRATION,
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, 'BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION, FLOCCULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, «COANDA EFFECT,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
INDUSTRIES, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
REFINERIES, FLOCC'JLATION,
REFINERIES, TEXAS, 'ACTIVATED CARBON,
EM'JLSICNS, FLOTATION,
•PHENOLS, REFINERIES, BI BLICHSRAPHI £ S ,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
REFINERIES, WATER DUALITY, EUROPE,
"RILLING,
REFINERIES, EVAPORATION,
REFINERIES, *ASTEWA7SR DISPOSAL, RECYCLING, SLUDGE,
302
-------
2040 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICALS, JAPAN,
2041 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS,
2044 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
2045 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
2346 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
2052 WASTEWATEH TREATMENT, REFINERIES, REUSE, RECYCLING,
2148 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
2260 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, REFINERIES,
2265 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, LEGISLATION, OIL INDUSTRY,
1962 WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, CANADA,
2035 WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, EUROPE,
2155 WATER QUALITY, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, WILDLIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
2191 WATER QUALITY, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, *WATER RESOURCES,
2284 WATER QUALITY, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ECOSYSTEMS,
RHINE RIVER,
1875 WEATHERING, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, GERMANY, WEST, *PHOTOCHEMICAL DISSOLUTION,
1896 WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, ABSORPTION,
1953 WEATHERING, OIL TRANSFER, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
2211 WEATHERING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY, NARRAGANSETT BAY,
2221 WEATHERING, RESTORATION, SEDIMENTS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
2233 WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
2236 WEATHERING, FATE, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, BIODEGRADATION,
2237 WEATHERING, TAR, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, *FOULING ORGANISMS,
2239 WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
2241 WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, SPREADING, BIODEGRADATION,
2156 ZOOPLANKTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OCS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
303
-------
APPENDIX
Periodicals Reviewed
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Alaska Seas and Coasts
Alternatives: Perspectives on Society and Environment
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Applied Energy
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Audubon
Australian Science Index
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommision f(lr
Merresforschung
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
California Water Pollution Control Association Bulletin
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Chemosphere
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research
Ecoli bri urn
Ecological Abstracts
Ecological Modelling
Ecological Society of American Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Energy Review
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Conservation
Environmental Geology
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Technology and Economics
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly
Erdfll und Kohle Erdgas Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoffchemie
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
304
-------
Fuel Abstracts and Current Titles
Government Reports Announcements
IMS Newsletter
India Journal of Environmental Health
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin
International Aerospace Abstracts
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
International Petroleum Abstracts
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Environmental Science and Health
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Chemistry
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Geotechnology
Marine Newsletter
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology Society, Journal
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
Massachusetts Audubon
Microbial Ecology
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Nature
New Technical Books
Nippon Susan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society
of Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Engineering
Ocean Industry
Ocean Management
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceanus
Offshore
Offshore Abstracts
Oil and Gas Journal
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Engineer International
305
-------
Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Pollution Engineering
Proceedings in Print
Resources
Resource Recovery and Conservation
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Science
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Sea Technology
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
Technical Book Review
The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The International Journal of Environmental Studies
The Sciences
UDS Water Quality Control Digest
Underwater Information Bulletin
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
WRC Information
Western Fisheries
306
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-037
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION' REPORTS
August 1976 - October 1976
5. REPORT DATE
February 1977 issuing date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and
Paul Nordin
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG "\NIZAT1ON NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB041
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803992
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory - Cin., OH
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly. Aug. - Oct. 1976
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTEsSee also EPA-670/2-75-003, PB-240 719; EPA-670/2-75-044, PB-242 542;
EPA-670/2-75-059, PB-243 724; EPA-600/2-76-113, PB-258 745; EPA-600/2-76-129, PB-258
852; EPA-600/2-76-185, PB-257 886; EPA-600/2-76-215. PB-259 932: EPA-600/2-76-266
16. ABSTRACT
The August 1976 - October 1976 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports is the ninth
quarterly compilation of oil spill events and oil pollution report summaries.
Presented in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events; (b) summaries
and bibliographic literature citations; (c) summaries of current research projects;
and (d) patent summaries. This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA
Grant No. R-803392 by the Marine Science Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Bibliographies
*Sutnmaries
*Patents
*Documents
*Research
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
13B
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
317
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
307
U.S. GOVERNMENT PSINTUB OFFICE: 1977— 7 57 -056 /55B7
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey 08817
We are requesting your assistance upon receiving this report ("Oil
Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, August 1976 - October 1976").
Is the information usable?
Is the format helpful?
We invite your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
Name
Organization
Address
-------
Mr. J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey 08817
------- |