United Stales
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory
PO Box 15027
Las Vegas NV 89114
EPA-bOO-3 79-063
June 1979
Research and Development
Distribution of
Phytoplankton in
Kansas  Lakes

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                    RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

  Research reports of  the  Office of Research and Development, U.S  Environmental
  Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad categories
  were established to facilitate further development  and application of environmental
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  technology transfer and maximum interface in related fields. The nine series are

        1.   Environmental Health Effects Research
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        4.   Environmental Monitoring
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        7.   Interagency Energy- Environment Research and Development
        8.   "Special"  Reports
        9-   Miscellaneous Reports
 This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL  RESEARCH series.  This series
 describes research on the effects of pollution on humans,plant and animal species, and
 materials. Problems are assessed for their long-and short-term influences. Investiga-
 tions  include formations,  transport, and pathway studies to determine the fate  of
 pollutants and their effects This work provided the technical basis for setting standards
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This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia  22161

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                                          EPA-600/3-79-063
                                          June 1979
 DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN KANSAS LAKES

                      by

   L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou,
 F. A. Morris*, M. K. Morris*, and W. D. Taylor

          Water and Land Quality Branch
         Monitoring Operations Division
 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
            Las Vegas, Nevada  89114
       *Department of Biological Sciences
         University of Nevada, Las Vegas
            Las Vegas, Nevada  89154
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
           LAS VEGAS, NEVADA  89114

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental  Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, and
approved for publication.  Mention of trade names or commercial  products does
not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                                  FOREWORD
     Protection of the environment requires  effective  regulatory  actions
which are based on sound technical and scientific  information.  This
information must include the quantitative description  and  linking of
pollutant sources, transport mechanisms,  interactions, and resulting effects
on man and his environment.   Because of the  complexities  involved, assessment
of specific pollutants in the environment requires a total  systems approach
which transcends the media of air, water, and  land.  The  Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas  contributes to the  formation  and
enhancement of a sound monitoring data base  for  exposure  assessment through
programs designed to:

          •  develop and optimize systems and  strategies  for  monitoring
             pollutants and  their impact  on  the  environment

          •  demonstrate new monitoring systems  and technologies  by
             applying them to fulfill special  monitoring  needs  of the
             Agency's operating programs

     This report presents the species and abundance of phytoplankton in the
15 lakes sampled by the National  Eutrophication  Survey in  the State of
Kansas, along with results from the calculation  of several  commonly used
biological indices of water  quality and community  structure.  These data  can
be used to biologically characterize the  study lakes,  and  as  baseline data
for future investigations.  This report was  written for use by  Federal,
State, and local governmental agencies concerned with  water quality analysis,
monitoring, and or regulation.  Private industry and individuals  similarly
involved with the biological aspects of water  quality  will  find the document
useful.  For further information contact  the Water and Land Quality Branch,
Monitoring Operations Division.
                                               M*~-
                              George.  Morgan
                                  Director
               Environmental  Monitoring  and  Support  Laboratory
                                  Las Vegas
                                     in

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                                   CONTENTS
Foreword ...............................    111
Introduction .............................      1
Materials and Methods  ........................      3
     Lake and Site Selection .....................      3
     Sample Preparation  .......................      3
     Examination ...........................      4
     Quality Control .........................      5
Results  ...............................      6
     Nygaard's Trophic State Indices .................      6
     Palmer's Organic Pollution Indices  ...............      6
     Species Diversity and Abundance Indices .............      8
     Species Occurrence and Abundance  ................     1°
Literature Cited ...........................     11
Appendix A.  Phytoplankton Species list for the State
             of Kansas ........................     12
Appendix B.  Summary of Phytoplankton Data

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                                INTRODUCTION

     The collection and analysis of phytoplankton  data  were  included  in  the
National Eutrophication Survey in an effort to determine relationships between
algal  characteristics and trophic status of individual  lakes.
     During spring, summer, and fall  of 1974,  the  Survey sampled  179  lakes in
10 States.  Over 700 algal species and varieties were identified  and
enumerated from the 573 water samples examined.
     This report presents the species and abundance of  phytoplankton  in  the
15 lakes sampled in the State of Kansas (Table 1).  The Nygaard's Trophic
State (Nygaard 1949), Palmer's Organic Pollution (Palmer 1969),  and  species
diversity and abundance indices are also included.
          TABLE 1.  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE STATE OF  KANSAS
STORET No.       Lake Name                      County                     ~
   2001         Cedar Bluff Reservoir           Trego
   2002         Council Grove                   Morris
   2003         Elk City                        Montgomery
   2004         Fall River Reservoir            Greenwood
   2005         John Redmond Reservoir          Coffey
   2006         Kanopolis Reservoir             Ellsworth
   2007         Marion Reservoir                Marion
   2008         Melvern Reservoir               Osage
   2009         Mil ford Reservoir               Clay, Geary,  Riley
   2010         Norton Reservoir                Norton
   2011         Perry Reservoir                 Jefferson
(Continued)                                                   ~~~~

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          TABLE 1.  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE STATE  OF  KANSAS  (Continued)
STORET No.       Lake Name                      County
   2012         Pomona Reservoir                Osage
   2013         Toronto Reservoir               Greenwood,  Woodson
   2014         Tuttle Creek Reservoir          Marshall, Riley,  Pottawatomie
   2015         Wilson Reservoir                Russell,  Lincoln

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                            MATERIALS AND METHODS
LAKE AND SITE SELECTION

     Lakes and reservoirs included in the Survey were selected through
discussions with State water pollution agency personnel  and U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency Regional Offices (U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
1975).  Screening and selection strongly emphasized lakes with actual  or
potential  accelerated eutrophication problems.   As a result, the  selection  was
limited to lakes:

     (1) impacted by one or more municipal  sewage treatment plant outfalls
         either directly into the lake or by discharge  to an inlet tributary
         within approximately 40 kilometers of the lake;

     (2) 40 hectares or larger in size; and

     (3) with a mean hydraulic retention time of at least 30 days.

Specific selection criteria were waived for some lakes  of particular State
interest.

     Sampling sites for a lake were selected based on available information on
lake morphometry, potential major sources of nutrient input, and  on-site
judgment of the field limnologist (U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency 1975).
Primary sampling sites were chosen to reflect the deepest portion of each
major basin in a test lake.  Where many basins were present, selection was
guided by nutrient source information on hand.   At each sampling  site, a
depth-integrated phytoplankton sample was taken.  Depth-integrated samples
were uniform mixtures of water from the surface to a depth of 15  feet
(4.6 meters) or from the surface to the lower limit of  the photic zone
representing 1 percent of the incident light, whichever was greater.  If the
depth at the sampling site was less than 15 feet (4.6 meters), the sample was
taken from just off the bottom to the surface.  Normally, a lake  was sampled
three times in 1 year, providing information on spring, summer, and fall
conditions.


SAMPLE PREPARATION

     To preserve the sample 4 milliliters (ml)  of Acid-LugoTs solution
(Prescott  1970) were added to each 130-ml sample from each site at the time of
collection.  The samples were shipped to the Environmental  Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, where equal  volumes from each site

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were mixed to form two 130-ml  composite samples for a given lake.   One
composite sample was put into  storage and  the  other was used for the
examination.

     Prior to examination, the composite samples were concentrated by the
settling method.  Solids were  allowed to settle for at least 24 hours prior  to
siphoning off the supernate.  The volume of the removed supernate  and the
volume of the remaining concentrate were measured and concentrations
determined.  A small (8-ml) library subsample  of the concentrate was  then
taken.  The remaining concentrate was gently agitated to resuspend the
plankton and poured into a capped, graduated test tube.  If a preliminary
examination of a sample indicated the need for a more concentrated sample, the
contents of the test tube were further concentrated by repeating the  settling
method.  Final  concentrations  varied from 15 to 40 times the original.

     Permanent slides were prepared from concentrated samples after analysis
was complete.  A ring of clear Karo® corn syrup with phenol (a few crystals  of
phenol were added to each 100  ml  of syrup) was placed on a glass slide.   A
drop of superconcentrate from  the bottom of the test tube was placed  in  the
ring.  This solution was thoroughly mixed and  topped with a coverglass.   After
the syrup at the edges of the  coverglass had hardened, the excess  was scraped
away and the mount was sealed  with clear fingernail polish.  Permanent diatom
slides were prepared by drying sample material on a coverglass, heating  in a
muffle furnace at 400° C for 45 minutes, and mounting in Hyrax®.  Finally, the
mounts were sealed with clear  fingernail polish.

     Backup samples, library samples, permanent sample slides, and
Hyrax-mounted diatom slides are being stored and maintained at the
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas.


EXAMINATION

     The phytoplankton samples were examined with the aid of binocular
compound microscopes.  A preliminary examination was performed to precisely
identify and list all forms encountered.  The  length of this examination
varied depending on the complexity of the sample.  An attempt was made to find
and identify all of the forms  present in each  sample.  Often forms were
observed which could not be identified to species or to genus.  Abbreviated
descriptions were used to keep a record of these forms (e.g., lunate cell,
blue-green filament, Navicula  ttl).  Diatom slides were examined using a
standard light microscope.  If greater resolution was essential to accurately
identify the diatoms, a phase-contrast microscope was used.

     After the species list was compiled, phytoplankton were enumerated  using
a Neubauer Counting Chamber with a 40X objective lens and a 10X ocular lens.
All forms within each field were counted.  The count was continued until a
minimum of 100 fields had been viewed, or until the dominant form had been
observed a minimum of 100 times.
•Registered trademark

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QUALITY CONTROL

     Project phycologists performed internal  quality control intercomparisons
regularly on 7 percent of the species identification and counts.  Although an
individual had primary responsibility for analyzing a sample, taxonomic
problems were discussed among the phycologists.

     Additional quality control  checks were performed on the Survey samples by
Dr. G. W. Prescott of the University of Montana at the rate of 5 percent.
Quality control checks were made on 75 percent of these samples to verify
species identifications while checks were made on the remaining 25 percent of
the samples to verify genus counts.  Presently, the agreement between quality
control checks for species identification and genus enumerations is
satisfactory.

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                                   RESULTS
     A phytoplankton species list for the State is presented in Appendix A.
Appendix B summarizes all of the phytoplankton data collected from the State
by the Survey.  The latter is organized by lake, and includes an alphabetical
phytoplankton species list with concentrations for individual species given by
sampling date.  Results from the application of several  indices are presented
(Nygaard's Trophic State, Palmer's Organic Pollution, and species diversity
and abundance).  Each lake has been assigned a four-digit STORET number.
(STORET (STOrage and RETrieval) is the U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency's
computer system which processes and maintains water quality data.)  The first
two digits of the STORET number identify the State; the  last two digits
identify the lake.


NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES

     Five indices devised by Nygaard (1949) were proposed under the assumption
that certain algal groups are indicative of levels of nutrient enrichment.
These indices were calculated in order to aid in determining the surveyed
lakes' trophic status.  As a general rule, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, centric
diatoms, and members of the Chlorococcales are found in  waters that are
eutrophic (rich in nutrients), while desmids and many pennate diatoms
generally cannot tolerate high nutrient levels and so are found in
oligotrophic waters (poor in nutrients).

     In applying the indices to the Survey data, the number of taxa in each
major group was determined from the species list for each sample.  The ratios
of these groups give numerical values which can be used  as a biological index
of water richness.  The five indices and the ranges of values established for
Danish lakes by Nygaard for each trophic state are presented in Table 2.  The
appropriate symbol, (E) eutrophic and (0) oligotrophic,  follows each
calculated value in the tables in Appendix B.  A question mark (?) following a
calculated value in these tables was entered when that value was within the
range of both classifications.


PALMER'S ORGANIC POLLUTION INDICES

     Palmer (1969) analyzed reports from 165 authors and developed algal
pollution indices for use in rating water samples with high organic pollution.
Two lists of organic-pollution-tolerant forms were prepared, one containing
20 genera, the other, 20 species (Tables 3 and 4).  Each form was assigned a
pollution index number ranging from 1 for moderately tolerant forms to 6 for

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  TABLE 2.   NYGAARO'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES ADAPTED FROM HUTCHINSON (1967)
Index
Calculation
Oligotrophic	Eutrophic
Myxophycean
Chlorophycean
Di atom
Euglenophyte
Compound
Myxophyceae
Desmideae
Chlorococcales
Desmideae
Centric Diatoms
Pennate Diatoms
Euglenophyta
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales +
0.0-0.4
0.0-0.7
0.0-0.3
0.0-0.2
0.0-1.0
0.1-3.0
0.2-9.0
0.0-1.75
0.0-1.0
1.2-25
                Centric Diatoms + Euglenophyta
                        Desmideae
TABLE 3.  ALGAL GENUS POLLUTION INDEX
          (Palmer 1969)
                     TABLE 4.  ALGAL SPECIES POLLUTION
                               INDEX (Palmer 1969)
Genus
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Chlamydomonas
Chi orel la
Closterium
Cyclotella
Euglena
Gomphonema
Lepocinclis
Melosira
Micractinium
Navicula
Nitzschia
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Scenedesmus
Stigeoclonium
Synedra
Pollution
Index
1
2
4
3
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
1
2
1
4
2
2
Species
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Arthrospira jenneri
Chlorella vulgaris
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Euglena gracilis
Euglena viridis
Gomphonema parvulum
Melosira varians
Navicula cryptocephala
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitzschia palea
Oscillatoria chlorina
Oscillatoria limosa
Oscillatoria princeps
Oscillatoria putrida
Oscillatoria tenuis
Pandorina morum
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Stigeoclonium tenue
Synedra ulna
Pollution
Index
3
2
2
2
1
6
1
2
1
1
5
2
4
1
1
4
3
4
3
3

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extremely tolerant forms.  Palmer based the index numbers on occurrence
records and/or where emphasized by the authors as being especially tolerant  of
organic pollution.

     In analyzing a water sample, any of the 20 genera or species  of algae
present in concentrations of 50 per milliliter or more are recorded.  The
pollution index numbers of the algae present are totaled, providing a genus
score and a species score.  Palmer determined that a score of 20 or more for
either index can be taken as evidence of high organic pollution, while a score
of 15 to 19 is taken as probable evidence of high organic pollution. Lower
figures suggest that the organic pollution of the sample is not high, that the
sample is not representative, or that some substance or factor interfering
with algal persistence is present and active.


SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE INDICES

     "Information content" of biological samples is being used commonly by
biologists as a measure of diversity.  Diversity in this connection means the
degree of uncertainty attached to the specific identity of any randomly
selected individual.  The greater the number of taxa and the more  equal their
proportions, the greater the uncertainty, and hence, the diversity (Pielou
1966).  There are several methods of measuring diversity, e.g., the formulas
given by Brillouin (1962) and Shannon and Weaver (1963).  The method which is
appropriate depends on the type of biological sample on hand.

     Pielou (1966) classifies the types of biological samples and  gives the
measure of diversity appropriate for each type.  The Survey phytoplankton
samples are what she classifies as larger samples (collections in  Pielou1s
terminology) from which random subsamples can be drawn.  According to Pielou,
the average diversity per individual (H) for these types of samples can be
estimated from the Shannon-wiener formula (Shannon and Weaver 1963):

                                S

                         H  =  -E Pn. logx P1
                               1=1

where P is the proportion of the ith taxon in the sample, which is calculated
from n-j/N; nj is the number of individuals per milliliter of the ith
taxon; N is the total  number of individuals per ml; and S is the total  number
of taxa.  However, Basharin (1959) and Pielou (1966) have pointed  out that H
calculated from the subsample is a biased estimator of the sample  H, and if
this bias is to be accounted for, we must know the total  number of taxa
present in the sample since the magnitude of this bias depends on  it.

     Pielou (1966) suggests that if the number of taxa in the subsample falls
only slightly short of the number in the larger sample, no appreciable error
will  result in considering S, estimated from the subsample, as being equal to
the sample value.  Even though considerable effort was made to find and
identify all  taxa, the Survey samples undoubtedly contain a fair number of
rare phytoplankton taxa which were not encountered.

                                      8

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     In the Shannon-Wiener formula, an increase in the number of taxa and/or
an increase in the evenness of the distribution of individuals among taxa  will
increase the average diversity per individual  from its minimal value ,of zero.
Sager and Hasler (1969) found that the richness of taxa was of minor
importance in determination of average diversity per individual  for
phytoplankton and they concluded that phytoplankton taxa in excess of the  10
to 15 most abundant ones have little effect on H.   This was verified by our
own calculations.  Our counts are in number per milliliter and since
logarithms to the base 2 were used in our calculations, H is expressed in
units of bits per individual.  When individuals of a taxon were so rare that
they were not counted, a value of 1/130 per milliliter or 0.008 per milliliter
was used in the calculations since at least one individual of the taxon must
have been present in the collection.

     A Survey sample for a given lake represents a composite of all
phytoplankton collected at different sampling sites on the lake during a given
sampling period.  Since the number of samples (M)  making up a composite is a
function of both the complexity of the lake sampled and its size, it should
affect the richness-of-taxa component of the diversity of our phytoplankton
collections.  The maximum diversity (MaxH) (i.e.,  when the individuals are
distributed among the taxa as evenly as possible)  was estimated from logg  S
(Pielou 1966), while the minimum diversity {MinH), was estimated from the
formula:


               HlnH  -  -^10921-  N^U  ^  -L^ll

given by Zand (1976).  The total diversity (D) was calculated from HN (Pielou
1966).  Also given in Appendix B are L (the mean number of individuals per
taxa per milliliter) and K (the number of individuals per milliliter of the
most abundant taxon in the sample).

/n- i Tnertevenness component of diversity (J)  was  estimated from H/MaxH
(Pielou 1966).  Relative evenness (RJ) was calculated from the formula:


                              RJ  =   H-MinH
                                     MaxH-MinH
given by Zand (1976).  Zand suggests that RJ be used as a substitute for both
J and the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and Dorris (1968).   As pointed
out by Zand, the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and Dorris does not
properly express what it is intended to show, i.e., the position of H in the
range between MaxH and MinH.  RJ may range from 0 to 1 ; being  1  for the  most
even samples and 0 for the least even samples.

n    Zand (1976) suggests that diversity indices be expressed  in units of
 sits , i.e., in logarithms to base S (where S is the total  number  of taxa  in
the sample)  instead of in "bits", i.e., in logarithms to base  2. Zand points
out that the diversity index in sits per individual  is  a normalized  number
                   the T°st Tn1y Distributed samples  to 0  for  the  least
eirtih,
even y distributed samples.  Also,  it can  be  used  to  compare  different
samples, independent of the number  of taxa in  each.   ThePdiversity  in bits per

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individual  should not be used in direct comparisons  involving  various  samples
which have different numbers of taxa.   Since MaxH  equals  log S,  the  expression
in sits is equal  to logs S, or 1.  Therefore diversity in sits per
individual  is numerically equivalent to J,  the  evenness component for  the
Shannon-Wiener formula.


SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE

  The alphabetic  phytoplankton species list for each lake,  presented in
Appendix B, gives the concentrations of individual species  by  sampling date.
Concentrations are in cells, colonies, or filaments  (CEL, COL, FIL)  per
milliliter.  An "X" after a species name indicates that the species  identified
in the preliminary examination was in  such  a low concentration that  it did not
appear in the count.  A blank space indicates that the organism was  not  found
in the sample collected on that date.   Column S is used to  designate the
examiner's subjective opinion of the five dominant taxa in  a sample, based
upon relative size and concentration of the organism.   The  percent column
presents, by abundance, the percentage composition of  each  taxon.
                                    10

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                              LITERATURE  CITED
Basharin,  G.  P.   1959.   On a  statistical  estimate  for the entropy of a
     sequence of independent  random variables,  pp.  333-336.   In:  Theory of
     Probability and Its Applications  (translation  of "Teoriya Veroyatnosei  i
     ee Premeneniya").   N. Artin (ed).   4.   Society for Industrial  and
     Applied  Mathematics, Philadelphia.

Brillouin, L.  1962.  Science and Information Theory (2nd ed.).  Academic
     Press, New York.  351 pp.

Hutchinson, G. E.  1967.  A Treatise on  Limnology.   II.  Introduction to Lake
     Biology and the Limnoplankton.  John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
     1,115 pp.

Nygaard, G.  1949.  Hydrobiological studies of some Danish ponds and lakes.
     II.  (K danske Vidensk.  Selsk.)  Biol. Sci.  7:293.

Palmer, C. M.  1969.  A composite rating of algae  tolerating organic
     pollution.  J. Phycol.  5:78-82.

Pielou, E. C.  1966.  The measurement of diversity in different types of
     biological  collections.   J. Theor.  Biol.  13:131-144.

Prescott, G.  W.  1970.  How to Know the  Freshwater Algae.  William C. Brown
     Company, Dubuque.  348 pp.

Sager, P. E., and A. D. Hasler.  1969.   Species diversity in lacustrine
     phytoplankton.  I.  The components  of the index of diversity
     from Shannon's formula.  Amer. Natur.  103(929):51-59.

Shannon, C.  E., and W.  Weaver.  1963.  The Mathematical Theory of Commu-
     nication.  University of Illinois Press, Urbana.  117 pp.

U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency.  1975. " National Eutrophication Survey
     Methods  1973-1976.  Working Paper No. 175.  Environmental Monitoring and
     Support  Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Corvallis Environmental
     Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.  91 pp.

Wilhm, V. L., and T. C. Dorris.  1968.  Biological parameters  for water
     quality criteria.  Bio-Science.  18:477.

Zand,  S. M.   1976.   Indexes associated with information theory in water
     quality.  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed.  48(8):2026-2031.
                                     11

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                   APPENDIX A




PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES LIST FOR THE STATE OF  KANSAS
                       12

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Aotinastmm gpaeilimum
Anabaena sp.
Anabaenopsis sp.
Ankistradesmus falcatus
Ankistrodesmus falaatus
   v. acioularis
Ankistrodesmus falaatus
   v. mirabilis
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Asterionella formosa
Asterionella formosa
   v. graaillima
Botr-yoooeeus sudetious
Carteria klebsii
Cevatium hirundinella
   f. brachyoeras
Ceratiwn hirundinello.
   f. furaoides
CeTati,wm 'hi,r>und'ine11a.
   f. sootticum
Characium litmetiaum
Chapacium naegelii ?
Chlamydomonas globosa
Chlorogonium sp.
Chroomonas aouta
Closteriopsie sp.
Closterium sp.
Coaaoneis pediaulus ?
CoelastPum combr-ieum
   v. intermedium
CoetastTwn miaroporwn
Coelaatrum reticulatum
Coelastwm reticulation
   v. polyohordon
Coeloaphaeriwn naegelianum
Cosmaviwn. granatum
Crueigenia apiaulata
Crueigenia fenestvata,
Crucigenia quadrata
Cvucigenia tetrapedia
Cvyptomonas erosa
Cryptomonas erosa
   v. peflexa
Cryptomonas marssonii
Cryptomonas reflexa
Cyolotella meneghiniana
Cyolotella miahiganiana  ?
Cyolotella stelligera
Cymatopleura solea
Cymbella affinis
Dactylococcopsis aoieularis
Dactylococcopsis irregularis
Diatoma vulgare
Dictyosphaerium pulchellwn
Dinobvyon divergens
Dinobvyon sevtularia
Dinobryon sooiale
Diploneis smithii
   v. pumila
Diplopsalis aauta
Elakatothrix gelatinosa
Entomoneis alata
Euastrum sp.
Eudorina sp.
Euglena aaus
Euglena ehrenbergii
Euglena graoilis
Euglena oxyuris
Euglena oxyuris
   v. minor
Euglena tripteris
Fragilaria ovotonensis
Fragilaria intermedia
Glenodinium edax
Glenodinium ooulatum
Gloeoeystis sp.
Golenkinia sp.
Gomphonema graoile
Gomphonema olivaeeum
Gymnodinium albulum
Gymnodinium ordinatwn
Gyrosigma sp.
Hantzschia amphioxys
Kirchneriella contorta
Lagerheimia sp.
Lepooinolis sp.
Lyngbya sp.
Mallomonas sp.
Melosira distans
Melosira granulata
MeTosiva granulata
   v. angustissima
Melosira granulata
   v. angustissima f. spiralis
Melosira. italioa
Melosira italiea
   v. tenuissima
Melosira varians
Merismopedia minima
Merismopedia punotata
Merismopedia tenuissima
Mesostigma viridis
                                     13

-------
Micractinium pusillum
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis incerta
Navicula cryptocephala ?
Navicula cuspidata
Navicula heufieri
Navicula salinarium
   v. intermedia
Nephrocytium sp.
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitzschia apiculata ?
Nitzsahia dissipata
Nitzschia holsatica
Nitzschia hungarica
Nitzschia longissima
   v. reversa
Nitzschia sigmoidea
Nitzschia tryblionella
Nitzschia tryblionella
   v. debi Us ?
Nitzschia vermicularis
Oocystis sp.
Oscillatoria agardhii
Oscillatoria limnetica
Pandorina rnorwn
Pediastrim boryanum
Pediastrwn duplex
   v. clathratwn
Pediastrum duplex
   v. reticulation
Pediastrum simplex
   v. duodenarium
Pediastrum tetras
Pediastrum tetras
   v. tetraodon
Peridinium quadridens
Phacus acuminatus
Phacus caudatus
Phacus helikoides
Phacus longicauda
Phacus megalopsis
Phacus orbiculavis
Phacus pseudonordstedtii
Phormidium sp.
Pinnularia sp.
Pteromonas angulosa
Scenedesmus abundans
Scenedesrms acuminatus
Scenedesmus arcuatus
Scenedesmus balatonicus
Scenedesmus bijuga
Scenedesmus denticulatus
Scenedesmus dimorphus
Scenedesmus intermedius
Scenedesmus intermedius
   v. bicaudatus
Scenedesmus opoliensis
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Scenedesmus quadricauda
   v. longispina
SchToederia setigera
Skeletonema potamos
Sphaerocystis schroeteri
Staurastrum tetracerum
Stephanodiscus astvaea
   v. minutula
Stephanodiscus hantsschia
Stephanodiscus invistatus
Stephanodiscus tenuis
Surirella angusta
Surirella linearis
   v. helvetica ?
Surirella ovata
Synedra acus
Synedra minuscula
Synedva rumperts
Synedra ulna
Tetraedron minium
Tetraedron minium
   v. scrobiculatum
Tetraedron muticum
Tetrastrum elegans
Tetvastrum glabrum
Tetrastiim staurogeniaeforme
Trache lomonas austz'a lica
Trachelomonas bulla
Trachelomonas fluviatilis
Trachelomonas gibberosa
Trachelomonas girardiana
Trachelomonas hispida
Trachelomonas intermedia
Trachelomonas oblonga
Trachelomonas acabra
Trachelomonas sahauinslandii
Trachelomonas verrucosa
Traahelomonas volvocina
                                     14

-------
                 APPENDIX B.  SUMMARY OF PHYTOPLANKTON DATA


     This appendix was generated by computer.  Because it was only possible to
use  upper case letters in the printout, all scientific names are printed in
upper case and are not italicized.

     The alphabetic phytoplankton lists include taxa without species names
(e.g., EUNOTIA, EUNOTIA #1, FLAGELLATE, FLAGELLATES, MICROCYSTIS INCERTA ?,
CHLOROPHYTAN COCCOID CELLED COLONY).  When species determinations were not
possible, symbols or descriptive phrases were used to separate taxa for
enumeration purposes.  Each name on a list, however, represents a unique
species different from any other name on the same list, unless otherwise
noted, for counting purposes.

     Numbers were used to separate unidentified species of the same genus.  A
generic name listed alone is also a unique species.  A question mark (?) is
placed immediately after the portion of a name which was assigned with
uncertainty.   Numbered, questioned, or otherwise designated taxa were
established on a lake-by-lake basis; therefore NAVICULA #2 from lake A cannot
be compared to NAVICULA #2 from lake B.  Pluralized categories (e.g.,
FLAGELLATES, CENTRIC DIATOMS, SPP.) were used for counting purposes when taxa
could not be properly differentiated on the counting chamber.
                                   ERRATA

     Minimum and evenness are misspelled in  the computer printout  of  the
species diversity and abundance indices  data,
                                      15

-------
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-------
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                                                 17

-------
LAKE MAHU COUHCU GROVE
STORET NUMBERS 2002
                                               NYGAARD TROPHIC STATE INDICES

                                         DATE    04 11  74  Ob 25 74  10 02 74
                                  MtXCPHVCEAN
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                                        6ENUS
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                                     18

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                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/3-79-063
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN KANSAS  LAKES
                                                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                             3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
             5. REPORT DATE
              June 1979
                S.C.  Hern,  V.W. Lambou,  F.A.  Morris,
M.K.  Morris, W.D. Taylor
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Monitoring and Support  Laboratory
 Office of Research  and  Development
 U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
 Las  Vegas, NV  89114
                                                             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
              1BD884
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency-Las Vegas, NV
Office of Research  and  Development
Environmental Monitoring and Support  Laboratory
Las  Vegas. NV  89114	
              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
              03-15-74 to 11-20-74
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
              EPA/600/07
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      This is a data  report presenting  the species and  abundance of phytoplankton
 in the 15 lakes  sampled by the National  Eutrophication Survey in the  State of
 Kansas.  Results  from the calculation  of several water quality indices  are also
 included (Nygaard's  Trophic State  Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution  Index, and
 species diversity and abundance  indices).
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *aquatic microbiology
  lakes
 *phytoplankton
  water quality
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDEDTERMS
Kansas
lake eutrophication
Nygaard's  trophic indices
Palmer's organic pollu-
tion indices
Species diversity and
abundance  indices
                           c.  COSATI Held/Croup
06 C,
08 H
13 B
                                                                                 M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO. OF PAGES
  52
                                                            ,SS (This page)
                            22. PRICE
                             A04
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION
                                                              U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979-^83-091/2108

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