PB87-111746
Waste/Soil Treatability  Studies for Four Complex
Industrial Wastes:  Methodologies  and Results
Volume 2. Waste Loading  Impacts on Soil
Degradation,  Transformation,  and  Immobilization
Utah Water Research  Lab., Logan
Prepared for

Robert S. Kerr Environmental  Research Lab,
Ada, OK
Oct 86
                  U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Technical Information Ssrviei
                               NTIS

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                                                         EPA/600/6-86/003b
                                                         October 1986
     WASTE/SOIL TREATABILITY STUDIES FOR FOUR COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL WASTES:
                          METHODOLOGIES AND RESULTS
                                   Volume  2
Waste Loading Impacts on Soil Degradation, Transformation, and Immobilization


                                     by

                               Ronald C.  Sims
                             Darwin L. Sorensen
                             William J.  Doucette
                             Lauren L. Hastings
                       Utah  Water Research Laboratory
              Department of Civil  and  Environmental  Engineering
                            Utah  State  University
                             Logan, Utah  84322
                              Project  CR-810979
                               Project  Officer

                                John  Matthews
              Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
                                P.O.  Box  1198
                            Ada, Oklahoma  74820
              ROBERT S.  KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
                     OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
                    U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                            ADA,  OKLAHOMA  74820

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO 2
LPA/6aO/&~86/QQ3h
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE WASTE/SOIL TREATABIEITY STUDIES FOR
FOUR" COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL WASTES: METHODOLOGIES AND
RESULTS. Volume 2. Waste Loading Impacts on Soil
Degradation, Transformation, and Immobilization
7 AUTHOR(S)
R/C. Sims, J. L. Sims, D. L. Sorensen, W. J.
Doucette, and L. L. Hastings
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Utah State University
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Utah Water Research Laboratory
Logan, Utah 84322
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab. - Ada, OK
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Post Office Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOkLAlOj j%,.«
PB&7 1117S6IAS
5 REPORT DATE
October 1986
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
CBWD1A
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
CR-810979
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/15
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer: John E. Matthews, FTS: 743-2233.
16. ABSTRACT
        This two-volume report presents information pertaining to quantitative evalua-
   tion of the soil  treatment potential resulting from waste-soil interaction studies
   for four specific wastes listed under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
   Recovery Act (RCRA).  Volume 1 contains information from literature assessment,
   waste-soil  characterization, and treatability screening studies for each selected
   waste.   Volume 2  contains results from bench-scale waste-soil interaction studies;
   degradation, transformation, and immobilization data are presented for four
   specific wastes:   API separator sludge, slop oil emulsion solids, pentachlorophenol
   wood preserving waste, and creosote wood preserving waste.  The scope of the study
   involved assessment of the potential for treatment of these hazardous wastes using
   soil as the treatment medium.
17 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a DESCRIPTORS

18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC.
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page>
UNCLASSIFIED
c COSATi Field/Croup

25/;
22 PRICE
EPA Perm 2220-1 (R«». 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

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                                    NOTICE
     The information in this document has been funded wholl  / or in part by the
United States Environmental  Protection  Agency under  Cooperative Agreement CR-
810979 to Utah State University.   It  has been subjected to  the Agency's peer
and administrative review, and  it  has been  approved  for publication as an EPA
document.  Mention of  trade  names  or commercial products does  not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                                  FOREWORD


     EPA is charged by  Congress  to protect the Nation's  land,  air  and water
systems.  Under a mandate  of  national  environmental laws focused on  air and
water quality,  solid  waste management and  the  control of  toxic  substances,
pesticides, noise and radiation,  the Agency strives to formulate  and imple-
ment actions which lead to  a  compatible  balance between human activities and
the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life.

     The Robert  S.  Kerr  Environmental   Research  Laboratory  is  the Agency's
center of expertise for investigation of the soil and subsurface environment.
Personnel at the  Laboratory are  responsible for management  of research pro-
grams to:   (a)  determine  the fate,  transport  and transformation  rates  of
pollutants in  the soil,  the  unsaturated  and  the  saturated  zones   of  the
subsurface environment;  (b)  define  the  processes   to  be  used  in  character-
izing the  soil  and subsurface environment  as  a receptor of pollutants; (c)
develop techniques for  predicting the effect of pollutants  on ground water,
soil, and  indigenous  organisms;  and (d) define  and demonstrate the applica-
bility and  limitations  of  using  natural processes,  indigenous to the soil
and subsurface  environment, for the protection of this resource.

     When applicable, enviromentally acceptable treatment of hazardous waste
in soil  systems  is  a function  of operation  and  management  practices at  a
given site.   Successful  operation and management  practices are dependent on
identifying waste  loading   constraints  for that particular  site.  There is
currently a  lack  of  readily available  information relative  to  impact  of
waste loading   rates  and  frequencies  on  transformation  and  transport  of
hazardous organic  constituents in  waste-soil  matrices and  to methodologies
for making  such determinations.   This two-volume  report  is intended   to pro-
pose one  set of methodologies for  determining  waste loading constraints for
soil systems  and to provide  an  assessment of data collected using the pro-
posed set of methodologies  for two petroleum refining  and two wood  preserving
waste streams  applied to  two soil  types.   Volume 1  contains  results from
literature  assessment,  waste/soil characterization and  treatability  screen-
ing studies;  Volume  2  contains  results  from bench-scale degradation,  trans-
formation  and  immobilization  studies.
                                        Clinton W.  Hall
                                        Director
                                        Robert S. Kerr Environmental
                                          Research  Laboratory

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                                  ABSTRACT


     This is  Volume  2 of  a two-volume  report  that  presents  information
pertaining  to  quantitative  evaluation of  the  soil treatment potential
resulting from  waste-soil  interaction  studies  for four wastes  listed under
Section  3001  of  the  Resource Conservation and  Recovery  Act  (RCRA).   This
volume contains information from bench-scale waste-soil interaction  studies.
Treatment  information,  including  degradation,  transformation,  and
immobilization data for hazardous constituents are presented.   The  four wastes
included API  separator  sludge,  slop  oil  emulsion solids, pentachlorophenol
wood preserving waste, and creosote  wood  preserving waste.  Chemical  analyses
and bioassays were used to  characterize  and quantify treatment potential  for
soil-waste mixtures.

     Objectives of the research reported in this volume  were to:

     (1)  Develop degradation, .transformation,  and immobilization  information
          for each candidate hazardous waste in two experimental  soils.

     (2)  Develop methodologies  for  measurement of "volatilization-corrected"
          degradation  rates and  partition coefficients; use the  methodologies
          developed to  generate degradation  kinetics/partition  coefficients
          for  a  subset  of  waste-soil  combinations  and  for  a  subset  of
          constituents common to all wastes.

     Specific results  and  conclusions based on the objectives  include:

     (1)  Polynuclear  aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) constituents  were degraded  in
          all  four wastes  under conditions of  initial  waste application  to
          nonacclimated  soils  as well  as  when  wastes  were  reapplied to  soils.
          Generally   an  increase  in  PAH  half-life  was correlated  with
          increasing molecular weight or compound  size.

     (2)  Pentachlorophenol degradation  rate in  PCP  wood  preserving     ;.e
          apoeared to  be related to the  initial  loading rate and  the loading
          rate used when  the  waste  was reapplied.   Higher initial rates  and
          reapplication  rates resulted  in higher half-life values.

     (3)  All  waste-soil  mixtures  exhibited an  initial  increase  in  water
          soluble fraction  (WSF) toxicity followed by  a decrease  in  toxicity
          with  incubation  time.   The  pattern  of WSF toxicity with  time  was
          considered  to  be an  indication  of  formation and degradation of toxic
          intermediates.
                                     IV

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     (4)  Results  for  mutagenicity evaluations  for  detoxification of  soil-
          waste mixtures were dependent upon waste loading rate,  waste  type,
          and soil  type.

     (5)  Partition coefficients  determined  for PAH and  volatile constituents
          contained in  each  of  the  waste  evaluated demonstrated  highest
          partitioning  of constituents into the waste (oil)  phase.   Relative
          concentrations between water  and  waste  (oil)  phases  for PAH
          constituents were  1:1000  to  1:100,000, with  the  higher ratios
          observed  for the petroleum  wastes.   Relative concentrations  among
          air:water:waste  (oil) phases for VOCs were generally 1:100:100,000.

     Information concerning "volatilization-corrected"   degradation rates  in
soils  and  partition  coefficients provided  input  to the  proposed U.S. EPA
Regulatory and  Investigative  Treatment Zone (RITZ) model developed to assess
treatment potential for organic constituents in soil.

     Results of the waste-soil treatability studies indicate the importance  of
loading  rate,  site (soil) selection,  and site management  for treatment  of
hazardous constituents  in  soil systems.

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                                   CONTENTS
Notice	ii
Foreword	iii
Abstract	iv
Figures	vii
Tables	xi
Acknowledgments  	 xxiv

     1.  Introduction   	     1
     2.  Conclusions    	     3
     3.  Recommendations  	     5
     4.  Waste Degradation Evaluation 	     6
               Introduction  	     6
               Materials and methods  	     7
               Results  and discussion 	    13
               Summary	27
     5.  Waste Transformation Evaluation 	    50
               Introduction  	    50
               Materials and methods  	    50
               Results  and discussion 	    50
               Ames assay	55
               Summary	68
     6.  Waste Immobilization Evaluation 	    70
               Introduction  	    70
               Materials and methods  	    71
               Results  and discussion 	    73
               Summary	85
References
Appendices
     A.  Results of laboratory analyses  	   87
     B.  Predictive tool for soil-waste processes 	  226
                                      VI

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                                   FIGURES
Number

  1. Laboratory flask apparatus used for mass balance measurements .   .     10

  2. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low moisture content for API
     separator sludge mixed with Durant clay loam soil ......     51

  3. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low moisture content for slop
     oil waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  ........     51

  4. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low soil moisture content for
     creosote waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil   ......     52

  5. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low soil moisture content for
     PCP waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  ........     52

  6. Microtox results with incubation time for API separator
     sludge waste reapplied to Durant clay loam soil at -1 bar
     soil moisture  ..................     53

  7. Microtox results with incubation time for slop oil waste
     reapplied to Durant clay loam soil at -1 bar soil moisture ...     53

  8. Microtox results with incubation time for creosote waste
     reapplied to Durant clay loam soil at -1 bar soil moisture ...     54

  9. Microtox results with incubation time for PCP waste reapplied
     to Durant clay loam soil at -1 bar soil moisture  ......     54

 10. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low moisture content for API
     separator sludge mixed with Kidman sandy  loam soil    .....     56

 11. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low moisture content for slop
     oil waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam  soil  ........     56

 12. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low soil  moisture content for
     creosote waste mixed with Kidman sandy  loam soil  ......    57

                                    vii

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                             FIGURES (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                   Page

 13. Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured  by the Microtox
     assay with incubation time at low soil  moisture content  for
     PCP waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam  soil	     57

 14. Microtox results with incubation time for API  separator
     sludge waste reapplied *? Kidman sandy  loam  soil  at -1/3
     bar soil moisture   .     	     58

 15. Microtox results with incubation time for slop oil  waste
     reapplied to Kic-nan sandy loam soil at  -1/3  bar soil  moisture  .   .     58

 16. Microtox results with incubation time for creosote waste
     reapplied to K dman sandy loam soil at  -1/3  bar soil  moisture  .   .     59

 17. Microtox results with incubation time for PCP  waste reapplied
     to Kidman sandy loam soil at -1/3 bar soil moisture	     59

 18. Ames assay results for 12% API separator sludge in Durant
     clay loam soil immediately after waste  incorporation into
     soil    	     60

 19. Ames essay results for 12% API separator sludge in Durant
     clay loam soil after 400 days incubation	     60

 20. Ames assay results for 12% API separator sludge in Kidman
     sandy loam soil immediately after waste incorporation into
     soil	     61

 ?". Ames assay results for 12% API separator sludge in Kidman
     sandy loam soil after 400 days incubation	     61

 22. Ames assay results for 14% slop oil in  Durant  clay loam  soil
     immediately after waste incorporation in soil   	     62

 23. Ames assay results for 14% slop oil in  Durant  clay loam  soil
     after 400 days incubation 	     62

 24. Ames assay results for 12% slop oil in  Kidman  sandy loam soil
     immediately after waste incorporation into soil   	     63

 25. Ames assay results for 12% slop oil in  Kidman  sandy loam soil
     after 400 days incubation 	     63

 26. Ames assay results for 1.3% cr.usote sludge  in Durant clay
     loam so":"  immediately after waste incorporation into soil  ...     64

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                             FIGUBES  (CONTINUED)
Number
 27. Ames assay results for 1.3% creosote  sludge in  Durant clay
     loam soil  after 400 days of incubation   .........     64

 28. Ames assay results for 1.0% creosote  sludge in  Kidman sandy
     loam soil  immediately after waste incorporation into soil   ...     65

 29. Ames assay results for 1.051! creosote  in  Kidman  sandy loam  soil
     after 400 days of incubation .............     65

 30. Ames assay results for 0.7% pentachlorophenol  sludge in  Durant
     clay loam soil immediately after waste incorporation into  soil.   .     66

 31. Ames assay results for 0.7% pentachlorophenol  sludge in  Durant
     clay loam soil after 400 days incubation .........     66

 32. Ames assay results for 0.3% pentachlorophenol  sludge in  Kidman
     sandy loam soil immediately after waste  incorporation into
     soil .....................     67

 33. Ames assay results for 0.3% pentachlorophenol  sludge in  Kidman
     sandy loam soil after 400 days of incubation   .......     67

 34. Sample preparation and analysis scheme for the  determination of
     Kh, KD, and K0   .................     72

 35. Apparatus for partitioning experiments   .........     74

 36. Immobilization of API separator sludge waste as determined by
     Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate
     immediately after waste incorporation into soil   ......     75

 37. Immobilization of slop oil emulsion solids waste as determined
     by Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate
     immediately after waste incorporation into soil   ......     75

 38. Immobilization of creosote waste as determined by Microtox
     bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate immediately
     after waste incorporation into soil   ..........     76

 39. Immobilization of PCP waste as determined by Microtox bioassay
     evaluation of laboratory column leachate immediately after waste
     incorporation into soil   ..............     76

 40. Immobilization of API separator sludge waste as determined by
     Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate 352
     days after waste incorporation into soil .........     78

                                      ix

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                             FIGURES (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                   Page

 41. Immobilization of slop oil  emulsion solids  as  determined  by
     Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory  column  leachate  323
     days after waste incorporation into soil	     78

 42. Immobilization of creosote  waste as determined by  Microtox
     bioassay evaluation of laboratory column  leachate  361  days
     after waste incorporation into soil	     79
 43. Immobilization of PCP waste as determined by Microtox  bioassay
     evaluation of laboratory column leachate  334 days  after waste
     incorporation into soil	     79

A-l. Ames assay results for Durant clay loam  	    225

A-2. Ames assay results for Kidman sandy loam	225

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                                   TABLES


Number                                                                    Page

    1.  Soil  loading rates for hazardous wastes  	       8

    2.  Tissumizer extraction recovery results for  PAH compounds  in
        Kidman and Durant soils   	      14

    3.  Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds in API  separator
        sludge mixed with Durant clay loam soil as  a function of  waste
        loading rate (low soil moisture)	      15

    4.  Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds in slop oil
        emulsion solids mixed with Durant clay loam soil as a function
        of waste loading rate (low soil  moisture)    	      16

    5.  Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds in creosote wood
        preserving waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  as  a function
        of waste loading rate (low soil  moisture)    	      17

    6.  Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds in PCP  wood
        preserving wastes mixed with  Durant clay loam soil  as a
        function of waste loading rate (low soil moisture)    ....      18

    7.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  API
        separator sludge waste reapplied to Durant  clay loam  at
        -1 bar soil moisture, experiment M/M	      19

    8.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  API
        separator sludge waste reapplied to Durant  clay loam  at
        -1 bar soil moisture, experiment H/NR	      20

    9.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  slop
        oil emulsion solids reapplied to Durant clay loam at  -1 bar
        soil  moisture,  experiment M/M	      21

   10.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  slop
        oil emulsion solids reapplied to Durant clay loam at  -1 bar
        soil  moisture,  experiment H/NR	      22

   11.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        creosote wood preserving waste reapplied to Durant  clay
        loam  at -1 bar  soil  moisture, experiment M/M	      23

                                     xi

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)
Number
   12.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        creosote wood preserving waste reapplied to Durant clay
        loam at -1  bar soil  moisture,  experiment H/HR	      24

   13.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Durant clay loam at -1 bar  soil  moisture, experiment  M/M   .   .      25

   14.   "egradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Durant clay loam at -1 bar  soil  moisture, experiment  H/NR   .   .      26

   15.   Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds  in  API  separator
        sludge mixed with  Kidman sandy loam soil  as a  function  of  waste
        loading rate (low  soil  moisture)   	      28

   K.   Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds  in  slop oil
        emulsion solids mixed  with  Kidman sandy loam soil  as  a  function
        of waste loading rate  (low  soil  moisture)   	      29

   17.   Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds  in  creosote
        wood preserving wastes mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil
        as a function of waste loading rate (low soil  moisture)  ...      30

   18.   Degradation kinetic results for PAH compounds  in  PCP  wood
        preserving  wastes  mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil as  a
        function of waste  loading rate (low soil  moisture)    ....      31

   19.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  API
        separator sludge waste reapplied to Kidman sandy  loam at
        -1/3 bar soil  moisture, experiment M/M	      32

   20.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  API
        separator sludge waste reapplied to Kidman sandy  loam at
        -] '3 bar soil  moisture, experiment L/H	      33

   21.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  API
        separator sludge waste reapplied to Kidman sandy  loam at
        -1/3 bar soil  moisture, experiment N/H	      34

   22.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  API
        separator sludge waste reapplied to Kidman sandy  loam at
        -1/3 bar soil  moisture, experiment H/NR	      35

   23.   Degs .dation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  slop
        oil  emulsion sclids reapplied  to Kidman sandy  loam at -1/3
        bar  soil  moisture,  experiment  M/M	      36

                                    xii

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

   24.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  slop
        oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam at -1/3
        bar  soil  moisture,  experiment L/H	      37

   25.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  slop
        oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam at -1/3
        bar  soil  moisture,  experiment N/H	      38

   26.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in  slop
        oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam at -1/3
        bar  soil  moisture,  experiment H/NR	      39

   27.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        creosote  wood preserving  waste reapplied to  Kidman sandy
        loam at -1/3 bar soil moisture, experiment M/M	      40

   28.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        creosote  wood preserving  waste reapplied to  Kidman sandy
        loam at -1/3 bar soil moisture, experiment L/H	      41

   29.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        creosote  wood preserving  waste reapplied to  Kidman sandy
        loam at -1/3 bar soil moisture, experiment N/H	      42

   30.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        creosote  wood preserving  waste reapplied to  Kidman sandy
        loam at -1/3 bar soil moisture, experiment H/NR	      43

   31.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        pentachlorophenol wood  preserving waste reapplied to  Kidman
        sandy loam at -1/3  bar  soil moisture,  experiment  M/M  ....      44

   32.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        pentachlorophenol wood  preserving waste reapplied to  Kidman
        sandy loam at -1/3  bar  soil moisture,  experiment  L/H  ....      45

   33.  Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        pentachlorophenol wood  preserving waste reapplied to  Kidman
        sandy loam at -1/3  bar  soil moisture,  experiment  N/H  ....      46

   34.   Degradation kinetic information for PAH compounds in
        pentachlorophenol wood  preserving waste reapplied to  Kidman
        sandy loam at -1/3  bar  soil moisture,  experiment  H?NR    ...      47

   35.   Degradation kinetic information for pentachlorophenol  in
        pentachlorophenol wood  preserving waste reapplied to  Durant
        clay loam  soil  at -1 bar  soil  moisture	      48

                                    xiii

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

   36.  Degradation kinetic information for pentachlorophenol  in
        pentachlorophenol  wood  preserving  waste reapplied  to Kidman
        sandy loam soil  at -1/3 bar soil moisture	      48

   37.  Microtox bioassay evaluation  of laboratory column  leachate
        for control soil	      74

   38.  Waste/water (K0)  partition coefficients for PAH  constituents
        in four wastes	      80

   39.  Partition coefficients  for volatile compounds  in API
        separator sludge  	      81

   40.  Partition coefficients  for volatile compounds  in slop  oil
        emulsion solids   	      82

   41.  Partition coefficients  for volatile compounds  in pentachloro-
        penol  waste sludge	      83

   42.  Partition coefficients  for volatile compounds  in creosote
        waste  sludge	      84

  A-l.  Results for oil  and grease values  with  incubation  time at
        low soil moisture content  for creosote  waste mixed with
        Durant clay loam  soil	      88

  A-2.  Results for oil  and grease values  with  incubation  time at
        low soil moisture content  for creosote  waste mixed with
        Kidman sandy loam soil	      89

  A-3.  Results for oil  and grease values  with  incubation  time at
        low soil moisture content  for PCP  waste mixed  with
        Durant clay loam  soil	      90

  A-4.  Results for oil  and grease values  with  incubation  time at
        low soil moisture content  for PCP  waste mixed  with
        Kidman sandy loam soil	      91

  A-5.  Results for oi•  and grease values  with  incubation  time at
        low soil moisture content  for API  separator sludge mixed with
        Durant clay loam  soil	      92

  A-6.   "esults for oil  and grease values  with  incubation  time at
         jw soil moisture content  for API  separator sludge mixed with
        Kidman sandy loam soil	      93
                                    xiv

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

  A-7.  Results for oil  and grease values with incubation time at
        low soil moisture content for slop oil waste mixed with
        Durant clay loam soil	      94

  A-8.  Results for oil  and grease values with incubation time at
        low soil moisture content for slop oil waste mixed with
        Kidman sandy loam soil	      95

  A-9.  Oil  and grease data with  incubation time for API  separator
        sludge waste applied at various rates to Durant clay loam
        soil  at 1 bar soil  moisture	      96

 A-10.  Oil  and grease data with  incubation time for API  separator
        sludge waste applied at various rates to Kidman sandy loam
        soil  at 1/3 bar soil moisture   .  .   ;	      97

 A-ll.  Oil  and grease data with  incubation time for slop oil  waste
        applied at various rates  to Durant clay loam soil at 1 bar
        soil  moisture	      98

 A-12.  Oil  and grease data with  incubation time for slop oil  waste
        applied at various rates  to Kidman sandy loam soil at  1/3
        bar  soil moisture	      99

 A-13.  Oil  and grease data with  incubation time for Durant clay
        loam  soil control at 1  bar soil moisture and Kidman sandy
        loam  soil control at 1/3  bar soil  moisture	     100

 A-14.  Results for PAH analysis  at low soil  moisture content  for API
        separator sludge waste  mixed with Durant clay loam soil
        immediately after waste addition   	     101

 A-15.  Results for PAH analysis  at low soil  moisture content  for API
        separator sludge waste  mixed with Durant clay loam soil  after
        167 days incubation time	     102

 A-16.  Results for PAH analysis  at low soil  moisture content  for API
        separator sludge waste  mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil
        immediately after waste addition   	     103

 A-17.  Results for PAH  analysis  at low soil  moisture content  for API
        separator sludge waste  mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  after
        158 days incubation time	     104

 A-18.  Results for PAH  analysis  at low soil  moisture content  for
        slop  oil  waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil immediately
        after waste addition	     105

                                    xv

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

 A-19.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        slop oil  waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  after 129
        days incubation time	     106

 A-20.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        slop oil  waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  immediately
        after waste addition	     107

 A-21.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        slop oil  waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  after 131
        days incubation time	     108

 A-22.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  immediately
        after waste addition	     109

 A-23.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  after 37 days
        incubation time	     Ill

 A-24.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  after 167
        days incubation time	     113

 A-25.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  immediately
        after waste addition	     114

 A-26.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  after 29
        days incubation time	     116

 A-27.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  after 158
        days incubation time	     118

 A-28.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        PCP waste mixed with Durant  clay loam soil immediately after
        waste addition	     119

 A-29.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture content for
        PCP waste mixed with Durant  clay loam soil after 140 days
        incubation time	     120

 A-30.  Results for PAH analysis at  low soil  moisture cont-./t for
        PCP waste mixed with Kidman  sandy loam soil immediately
        after waste addition	     121

                                     xvi

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)
Number
 A-31.  Results for PAH analysis at low soil  moisture content for
        PCP waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  after 140 days
        incubation time	     122

 A-32.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Durant clay loam
        soil (immediately after waste addition)   	     123

 A-33.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Durant clay loam
        soil (37 days incubation)	     125

 A-34.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Durant clay loam
        soil (74 days incubation) .  .  .   .   ;	     127

 A-35.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Durant clay loam
        soil (102 days incubation)	     129

 A-36.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar  soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (immediately after waste addition)   	     131

 A-37.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar  soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (37 days incubation)	     133

 A-38.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar  soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (74 days incubation)	     135

 A-39.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar  soil  moisture content
        for API separator sludge reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (102 days incubation)	     137

 A-40.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to  Durant clay loam
        soil (immediately after waste addition)   	     139

 A-41.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to  Durant clay loam
        soil (37 days incubation)	     141

 A-42.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to  Durant clay loam
        soil (74 days incubation)	     143

                                    xvii

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                             TABUS  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

 A-43.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for slop -.1  emulsion solids reapplied to Durant clay loam
        soil (102 days incubation)	     145

 A-44.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (immediately after waste addition)   	     147

 A-45.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (37 days incubation)	     149

 A-46.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (74 days incubation)	     151

 A-47.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for slop oil  emulsion solids reapplied to Kidman sandy loam
        soil (102 days incubation)	     153

 A-48.  Results *--ir PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for creosote  wood preserving waste reapplied  to  Durant clay
        loam soil (immediately after waste addition)    	     155

 A-49.  Results for PAH analy  s at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for creosote  wood pre.   ving waste reapplied  to  Durant clay
        loam soil (37 days incuoation)	     157

 A-50.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for creosote  wood preserving waste reapplied  to  Durant clay
        loam soil (74 days incubation)	     159

 A-51.  Results for PAH analy.   . at -1 bar soil  moisture content
        for crecsote  wood preserving waste reapplied  to  Durant clay
        loam SOT', (102 days incubation)	     161

 A-52.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for creosote  wood prese-ving waste reapplied  to  Kidman sandy
        loam soil (immediately sfter waste addition)    	     163

 A-53.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for creosote  wood preserving waste reapplied  to  Kidman sandy
        loam soil (37 days incubation)	     165

 A-54.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for creosote  wood pres°"ving waste reapplied  to  Kidman sandy
        ••oil  (74 days incubation)	         167

                                   xviii

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

 A-55.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for creosote wood preserving waste reapplied to Kidman sandy
        loam soil (102 days incubation)	    169

 A-56.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Durant clay loam soil  (immediately after waste addition)   .   .    171

 A-57.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Durant clay loam soil  (37 days incubation)	    173

 A-58.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Durant clay loam soil  (74 days incubation)	    175

 A-59.  Results for PAH analysis at -1 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Durant clay loam soil  (102 days incubation)	    177

 A-60.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Kidman sandy loam soil  (immediately after waste addition)  .   .    179

 A-6L  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Kidman sandy loam soil  (37 days incubation)	    181

 A-62.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Kidman sandy loam soil  (74 days incubation)	    183

 A-63.  Results for PAH analysis at -1/3 bar soil moisture content
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste reapplied to
        Kidman sandy loam soil  (102 days incubation)	    185

 A-64.  Results for pentachlorophenol analysis with incubation time
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste mixed with
        Durant clay loam at -1  bar	    187

 A-65.  Results for pentachlorophenol analysis with incubation time
        for pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste mixed with
        Kidman sandy loam at -1/3 bar	    189

 A-66.  Results for pH values  with incubation time at low soil
        moisture content for creosote waste mixed with Durant clay
        loam soil	    191

                                     xix

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)
Number
 A-67.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for creosote waste mixed  with Kidman  sandy
        loam soil	     192

 A-68.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for PCP waste mixed with  Durant  clay
        loam soil	     193

 A-69.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for PCP waste mixed with  Kidman  sandy loam
        soil	     194

 A-70.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for API separator  sludge  waste mixed  with
        Durant  clay loam soil	     195

 A-71.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for API separator  sludge  waste mixed  with
        Kidman  sandy loam soil	     196

 A-72.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for slop oil  waste mixed  with Durant  clay
        loam soil	     197

 A-73.  Results for pH values  with incubation  time at  low soil
        moisture content for slop oil  waste mixed  with Kidman  sandy
        loam soil	     198

 A-74.  pH data with incubation  time  for  API separator sludge  waste
        applied at  various rates to Kidman  sandy loam  soil at  1/3 bar
        soil  moisture    	     199

 A-75.  pH data with incubation  time  for  slop  oil  waste applied  at
        various rates to Kidman  sandy loam  soil at  1/3 bar soil
        moisture	     199

 A-76.   pH data with incubation  time  for  creosote  waste applied  at
        various rates to Kidman  sandy loam  soil at  1/3 bar soil
        moisture	     200

 A-77.   pH data with incubation  time  for  PCP waste  applied at
        various rates to Kidman  sandy loam  soil at  1/3 bar soil
        moisture	     200

 A-78.   pH data with incubation  time  for  API separator sludge  waste
        applied at  various rates to Durant  clay loam soil  at 1  bar
        soil  moisture	     201

                                     xx

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                             TABLES  (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

 A-79.  pH data with incubation time for slop oil  waste applied at
        various rates to Durant clay loam soil at  1 bar soil
        moisture	     201

 A-80.  pH data with incubation time for creosote  waste applied at
        various rates to Durant clay loam soil at  1 bar soil
        moisture	     202

 A-81.  pH data with incubation time for PCP waste applied  at
        various rates to Durant clay loam soil at  1 bar soil
        moisture	     202

 A-82.  pH data with incubation time for Durant clay loam soil
        control at 1 bar soil moisture and Kidman  sandy loam  soil
        control at 1/3 bar  soil  moisture	     203

 A-83.  Results for total organic  carbon analysis  for API separator
        sludge waste mixed  with Kidman sandy loam  soil  immediately
        after waste addition	     203

 A-84.  Results for total organic  carbon analysis  for API separator
        sludge waste mixed  with Durant clay loam soil  immediately
        after waste addition	     204

 A-85.  Results for total organic  carbon analysis  for creosote
        waste mixed with Durant clay loam soil  immediately  after
        waste addition	     205

 A-86.  Results for total organic  carbon analysis  for creosote
        waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil  immediately after
        waste addition	     206

 A-87.  Toxicity of water soluble  fraction measured by the  Microtox
        assay with incubation time at low moisture content  for  API
        separator  sludge mixed  with  Durant clay loam soil	     207

 A-88.   Toxicity of water soluble  fraction measured by the  Microtox
        assay with incubation time at low moisture content  for
        slop  oil waste mixed with  Durant  clay loam soil	     207

 A-89.   Toxicity of water soluble  fraction measured by .the  Microtox
        assay with incubation time at low moisture content  for
        creosote waste mixed with  Durant  clay loam soil	     208

 A-90.   Toxicity of water soluble  fraction measured by the  Microtox
        assay with incubation time at low moisture content  for
        PCP waste  mixed  with Durant clay loam soil	     208

                                    xxi

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                              TABLES (CONTINUED)


Number                                                                    Page

 A-91.  Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
        assay with incubation time  at low moisture content for API
        separator sludge mixed with Kidman sandy loam soil    ....    209

 A-92.  Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
        assay with incubation time  at low moisture content for
        slop oil waste mixed with Kidman sandy  loam soil  	    209

 A-93.  Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
        assay with incubation time  at low moisture content for
        creosote waste mixed with Kidman sandy  loam soil  	    210

 A-94.  Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox
        assay with incubation time  at low moisture content for
        PCP waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam  soil	    210

 A-95.  Microtox data with incubation time for  API separator sludge
        waste reapplied at various rates to Durant clay loam soil
        at 1 bar soil moisture	    211

 A-96.  Microtox data with incubation time for  slop oil waste
        reapplied at various rates to Durant clay loam soil
        at 1 bar soil moisture	    211

 A-97.  Microtox data with incubation time for  creosote waste
        reapplied at various rates to Durant clay loam soil
        at 1 bar soil moisture	    212

 A-98.  Microtox data with incubation time for  PCP waste
        reapplied at various rates to Durant clay loam soil
        at 1 bar soil moisture	    21?

 A-99.  Microtox data with incubation time for  API separator sludge
        waste reapplied at various rates to Kidman sandy loarr soil
        at 1/3 bar soil moisture	    213

A-100.  Microtox data with incubation time for  slop oil waste
        reapplied at various rates to Kidman sandy loam soil
        at 1/3 bar soil moisture	    214

A-101.  Microtox data with in-.ubation time for  creosote waste
        reapplied at various rates to Kidman sandy loam soil
        at 1/3 bar soil moisture	    215

A-102.  Microtox data with incubation time for  PCP waste
        reapplied at various rates to Kidman sandy loam soil
        at 1/3 bar soil moisture	    216

                                    xxii

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                              TABLES  (CONTINUED)
Number
A-103.  Microtox data with incubation time for Durant clay loam
        soil control at 1 bar soil moisture and Kidman sandy loam
        soil control at 1/3 bar soil moisture	     217

A-104.  Immobilization of API separator sludge waste as determined
        by Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory column
        leachate immediately after waste incorporation into soil    .   .     218

A-105.  Immobilization of slop oil emulsion solids waste as
        determined by Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory
        column leachate immediately after waste incorporation
        into soil	     219

A-106.  Immobilization of creosote waste as determined by Microtox
        bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate immediately
        after waste incorporation into soil	     220

A-107.  Immobilization of PCP waste as determined by Microtox
        bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate immediately
        after waste incorporation into soil	     221

A-108.  Immobilization of API separator sludge waste as determined
        by Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate
        352 days after waste incorporation into soil	     222

A-109.  Immobilization of slop oil emulsion solids as determined
        by Microtox bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate
        323 days after waste incorporation into soil	     222

A-110.  Immobilization of creosote waste as determined by Microtox
        bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate 361 days
        after waste incorporation into soil	     223

A-lll.  Immobilization of PCP waste as determined by Microtox
        bioassay evaluation of laboratory column leachate 334 days
        after waste incorporation into soil	     223

A-112.  Microtox results with incubation time for Durant clay loam
        soil  control  at 1 bar soil moisture and Kidman sandy loam
        soil  control  at 1/3 bar soil moisture	     224

  B-l.  Variables for use in the extended Ritz model   	     229
                                   xxm

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                               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
     Chemical  and  biological  analyses and  quality control  aspects  for  the
large volume of samples generated  ••  this  research  project were performed by
research technicians  Mr.  Michael  Walsh  (Chemist),  Mr.  Robert  Bramblett
(Biologist), and Ms.  Kerri  Sales  (Chemist)  of the  Toxic  and Hazardous  Waste
Management   Group  at  the  Utah  Water  Research  Laboratory.    Environmental
Engineering graduate students who  assisted  in  analytical  methods  development
included Mr. Mervin Coover,  Mr. Kapsong Park, and Mr. Ai-He Zhou.
                                    xxiv

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                                 SECTION 1

                                INTRODUCTION
     Treatment  of  hazardous  waste  in  soil  systems  offers a  potentially
attractive alternative  for  management of wastes containing selected hazardous
organic constituents;  however,  use of  this  alternative must  be  restricted  to
those wastes  for  which degradation, transformation, and  immobilization of  such
constituents  can  be  acceptably demonstrated.   This  research   project  was
designed  to evaluate  the potential  for  treatment   in  soil  (degradation,
transformation,  and immobilization) of  four  listed  hazardous  wastes  as  a
function of  waste  loading,  soil  type,  and  soil  moisture content.   The  four
hazardous  wastes  included  API  separator sludge,  slop  oil  emulsion  solids,
creosote wood preserving waste, and pentachlorophenol wood preserving waste.

     Specific objectives of this research project were  to:

     (1)  Conduct  a literature  assessment for each candidate hazardous waste,
          API separator sludge,  slop  oil   emulsion  solids, creosote  wood
          preserving waste,  and  pentachlorophenol  (PCP) wood preserving waste
          to  obtain specific land treatability information, i.e., degradation,
          transformation,  and  immobilization,  for  hazardous  constituents
          identified in each waste.

     (2)  Characterize  candidate  wastes  for identification  of  specific
          constituents  of  concern;  and  characterize  experimental  soils  for
          assessment of  specific  parameters  that  influence land treatability
          potential.

     (3)  Conduct  treatability  screening  experiments  using  a  battery  of
          microbial assays to determine waste  loading rates (mg waste/kg soil)
          to  be  used   in  subsequent  experiments  to assess  potential   for
          treatment.

     (4)  Develop  degradation, transformation, and immobilization information
          as  a function  of  loading  for  each  candidate  hazardous  waste in the
          soil types.

     (5)  Develop  methodologies  for  the  measurement of  "volatilization-
          corrected" degradation  rates  and  for  measurement  of partition
          coefficients;  use methodologies  developed  to  generate  degradation
          kinetics/partition coefficients  for  a  subset  of  soil/waste
          combinations and for constituents  common to all candidate wastes.

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     Information generated  relative to  ttie  last two objectives is presented in
this volume (Volume 2}  of the project report.   This information combined with
the  information  presented in  Volume  1 provide  an  approach  for  evaluating
waste-soil   interactions,  i.e.,  soil  treatability  potential,  for  hazardous
wastes.  The combined information  also  provides a comprehensive assessment for
treatability of the four candidate hazardous wastes in soil.

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                                 SECTION 2

                                CONCLUSIONS
     Specific  conclusions  based on  project  objectives  and research  results
presented  in Volume 2 include:

     (1)   It was  possible  to  characterize  treatment in soil systems in terms
          of  degradation,  transformation,  and immobilization  of  hazardous
          wastes  constituents  using  the  methodology and  procedures  described
          in this report.

     (2)   The  methodology  developed  for the  measurement of  "volatilization-
          corrected"  degradation  rates  in  soil  systems  for  hazardous
          constituents  in  the four  wastes  evaluated  allowed  more accurate
          evaluation of degradation  as a  treatment mechanism.

     (3)   The  methodology developed  for  the  measurement  of  partition
          coefficients  for  hazardous constituents in  the  four  wastes among
          waste,  water,  soil,  and  air phases  was  useful  for  obtaining
          partition coefficients for  waste  (oil)/water (K0), air/water (Kn),
          and  air/waste  (Koa),  for  volatile constituents and  for waste
          (oil)/water for semivolatile constituents.

     (4)   PAH  constituents  contained in the  four  wastes  investigated were
          degraded   under  conditions of  initial  waste  application  to
          nonacclimated soils as well as  when wastes were reapplied  to  soils.
          In general, PAH degradation did not appear to be  influenced by soil
          type.   Soil  degradation  of  PAH  compounds  in  petroleum refinery
          wastes  generally  exhibited higher rates than  for  wood  preserving
          wastes.

     (5)   Degradation  rates  for  some  PAH  constituents  present  in complex
          wastes  evaluated  in  this  project were  generally  higher than
          degradation rates which have been reported for single PAH  compounds
          and synthetic mixtures of PAH compounds incubated  in different soils
          (Sims 1982).

     (6)   Water  soluble  fraction   (WSF)  toxicity for  soil-waste mixtures
          generally exhibited an increase followed by  a decrease  in toxicity
          with incubation time.  This pattern of WSF toxicity with time is an
          indication of the formation and degradation of toxic intermediates,
          i.e., transformation  of the wastes.

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 (7)  Results of mutagenicity evaluations for detoxification of petroleum
      wastes indicated  a reduction  from mutagenic to nonmutagenic activity
      with treatment time  for API  separator  sludge in  Durant  clay loam
      soil and for slop oil emulsion solids incubated in Durant clay loam
      and  in  Kidman  sandy  loam soils.   Wood  preserving wastes, however,
      were not rendered nonmutagenic after 400 days of  soil incubation in
      Durant clay loam  soil at waste loading rates of 1.3 percent and 0.7
      percent for  creosote and  PCP wastes, respectively.   However,  no
      mutagenicity was  detected  at  a loading rate of 0.3 percent PCP waste
      in  Kidman  sandy  loam  soil,   ard the  initial  positive mutagenic
      potential  for a loading  rate  of  1.0  percent  creosote  waste  was
      reduced to a nonmutagenic  level  with a treatment time of 400 days.

 (8)  Laboratory column leachates  from  petroleum  wastes incubated  at  the
      high loading rates in Durant  clay loam soil and in  Kidman sandy loam
      soil exhibited little  toxicity as measured  by the Microtox  assay.
      Leachates  produced in  creosote and  PCP loaded  columns exhibited
      Microtox toxicity,  and  indicated the potential for  generation of WSF
      extract toxicity that  should be considered  when  determining  waste
      loading rates for the experimental  soils used.

 (9)  Partition  coefficients  that  were   determined  for  PAH  and  volatile
      constituents in  all  four  wastes indicated highest partitioning  of
      constituents into the  oil  (waste)  phase.   Relative concentrations
      between water  and  oil  (waste)  phases for  PAH  constituents  were
      generally 1:1000  to  1:100,000, with the  higher ratios  observed  for
      the  petroleum wastes.   Relative concentrations among air:water:waste
      (oil)  phases for  volatile constituents were generally 1:100:100,000.

(10)  Pentachlorophenol  degradation rate  in PCP wood preserving waste
      appeared to  be related  to the initial loading rate and the loading
      rate used  when the waste was  reapplied.  Higher initial  rates  and
      reapplication rates resulted  in higher half-life values.

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                                 SECTION 3

                              RECOMMENDATIONS
     Based on results of the research investigation described in Volume 2 of
this  report,  the following recommendations  are  made concerning  laboratory
treatability studies and treatability of the four hazardous  wastes  evaluated
in this project:

     (1)  Careful  attention  in future studies should be given  to  the  potential
          mutagenicity and fate in soil of intermediate products  formed during
          the degradation processes  (transformation).   Information obtained
          concerning  the degradation  and  immobilization of  information should
          be used to  aid  in selecting  loading rates that  are used  in field-
          plot  studies.

     (2)  The use of  chemical  analyses  alone appears  to  be  insufficient to
          characterize treatability of  a  hazardous waste; therefore,  it is
          recommended  that  bioassays be  used to characterize transformation
          and immobilization  processes  to complement  chemical  analyses
          information.   The use of  chemical  analyses  alone fails to account
          for interactions  of  components  in  a  waste   and  the  production of
          mutagenic metabolites.

     (3)  When determining  partition  coefficients  (K0,  Kn,  KQ,  Kao) for
          evaluation  of  immobilization  processes  in   waste/soil  mixtures,
          several  different  ratios  of  wasterwater volumes  and  several
          waste:soil  weights should be  used  to  generate partition  isotherms
          with  several  points in order to evaluate the  ranges  of  linearity for
          the isotherm  and  partition coefficient values.     Determination of
          partition  coefficients  between soil  and water  (Kp)  will require
          larger  amounts of  waste and water than  used in this  investigation.

     (4)  Treatability studies should be conducted at loading  rate(s) selected
          for use at  field-pilot and/or  full  scale  facilities.   This approach
          is especially important  for evaluation of transformation  processes
          using bioassays, as waste loading rate  appears to influence bioassay
          response for  soil-waste mixtures.

     (5)  Recommended  loading  rates  (waste  wet  weight/soil  dry weight) for
          field  scale evaluations  for the wastes  addressed  in  this project
          based  on results of the laboratory treatability  studies are listed
          below  for  the  Durant  clay loam soil  and Kidman sandy loam  soil,
          respectively:  API separator sludge, 6, 6; slop oil  emulsion solids,
          6,  6;   creosote  wood   preserving  waste,  0.7,  0.4;   and
          pentachlorophenol  wood preserving waste, 0.3, 0.075.

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                                 SECTION 4

                        WASTE DEGRADATION  EVALUATION
INTRODUCTION
     Demonstration of degradation of waste  and waste constituents is based on
the  loss  of  parent compounds within  the  soil/waste  matrix.    Complete
degradation  is  the term  used  to  describe  the  process  whereby  waste
constituents are mineralized to inorganic  end  products,  generally  including
carbon  dioxide, water,  and  inorganic  species  of  nitrogen,  phosphorus,  and
sulfur.   The rate of degradation may be  established by measuring the loss of
the parent compound from  the soil /waste matrix with  time.

     The role  of chemical volatilization  in  influencing  the total  loss of
parent compound  from a soil /waste  mixture may be  evaluated  for obtaining  a
closer approximation to  "bio-"  degradation.   High  volatilization  rates  for
individual  chemicals in  a complex  waste may result  in high "apparent"  loss
rates, which may describe  the transfer from soil  to  air media  rather than  loss
due  to  biodegradation.    Thp  proposed  land  treatment  model  uses
"volatilization-corrected biodec  adation."   Therefore,  experiments  were
conducted for evaluating  the  volatilization potential of a  subset of aromatic
hazardous constituents  in  the wastes.

     Rates of  degradation,  based  on first  order  kinetics, were transformed
into half-life values for  PAH compounds.   The hel*-"ife values calculated  were
used for evaluating the effect of waste type, so    ;ype, initial  loading rate,
and reapplication of waste to  soil on the  effectiveness of  treatment based on
degradation.  The  statistical  significance of the  slope  of the relationship
between  residual soil concentration and time of treatment  (slope  significantly
different  from zero) was  used to test  the hypothesis that  treatment  was
achieved for each waste/soil combination.

     The Petroleum  Association  ^or  Conservation  of  the  Environment (PACE),
Ontario,  Canada, made the following  observations  concerning PAH degradation
and petroleum refining
     Studies  using  o.  y wastes and  soil  mixtures  are  required to
     adequately assess the persistence of  PAHs  in  oily  wastes  applied to
     land.   Such a study requires at least triplicate samples  and  should
     proceed  until the  concentration  in  the  soil approach background
     concentrations.   TM»  process may be  time consuming  requiring
     greater  than one year,  but extrapolations  from data collected early
     in the incubation period is likely to result  in a poor estimate of
     persistence (Bulman et  al . 1985).

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The  degradation  of  PAH  compounds  1n oily waste-soil  mixtures was evaluated in
this laboratory  investigation utilizing the approach described above.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

      Soil/waste  mixtures were  prepared,  at  the  loading rates  identified  in
Table 1, and  incubated  in both  wooden soil  boxes  (3  kg  soil,  dry-weight) and
in 600 ml  glass reactors (200  g  soil,  dry-weight).   Soil/waste mixtures were
maintained  at  a moisture content less than  -2  bars  in the  wooden  soil  boxes
and  at -1/3 bar for  Kidman sandy  loam  soil  and  -1 bar  for Durant clay loam
soil  in the glass beakers by adding distilled water.   All soil-waste mixtures
were incubated  in  constant  temperature rooms at 20°C  +_ 2,  and  in  the dark to
prevent photodegradation  of organic constituents.   Extractions  of soil-waste
mixtures were  conducted  through  time.   Method 8310 (U.S.  EPA  1982)  was used
for  pentachlorophenol waste to  obtain base/neutral and  acid fractions,  and  a
modified Method  8310 (U.S.  EPA  1982)  (methylene  chloride   extraction of the
soil/waste mixture at neutral pH) was used for  the other wastes evaluated.   A
Tekmar Tissumizer was used to extract residual individual organic constituents
from the  soil/waste mixture  (U.S.  EPA  1982, Sims 1982).    The  procedure for
extraction  and analysis used is given below.

Sample Extraction

      1.   Soil (10 g) at  80 percent field capacity is placed in a 600 ml  glass
beaker or flask.

      2.   Methylene chloride (250 ml) is added to sample container.

      3.   The solvent-soil system is homogenized for two minutes with a Tekmar
Tissue Homogenizer or equivalent.

      4.   The methylene chloride  extract is decanted.

      5.   The extract is  poured through  a drying  column  containing 3-4 inches
of anhydrous  sodium  sulfate, and collected  in  a 500 ml  Kuderna-Danish  (K-D)
flask  equipped  with  a 10 ml concentrator tube.  The  column is  rinsed with 50
ml of methylene chloride  to complete the quantitative transfer.

      6.   Clean  boiling  chips  (1-2)  are added  to  the flask and  a three-ball
Snyder column is attached.   The Snyder  column is prewetted  by  adding about  1
ml of methylene chloride to  the  top.  The  K-D apparatus  is placed  on  a hot
water  bath  (60-65°C)  so  that the concentrator tube  is  partially  immersed in
the  hot water, and the entire lower rounded  surface of the  flask  is bathed in
vapor.  The equipment is adjusted  as necessary to  complete the concentration
in 15 to 20 minutes.  When the apparatus volume of liquid reaches 1 ml, the K-
D  apparatus  is  removed  and allowed  to  drain for  at  least 10  minutes  while
cooling.  The Snyder  column  is  removed  and  the flask and its  lower joint are
rinsed into the concentrator tube with 1 to 2 ml of methylene chloride.

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                                         TABLE 1.  SOIL LOADING RATES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES
Waste
Creosote
Pentachloro phenol
API Separator "ludge
Slop Oil


Loading Rates
Kidman Sandy Loam
Low
0.4
0.075
6
6
Medium
0.7
0.15
9
8
High
waste wet
1.0
0.3
12
12


Durant Clay Loam
Low
weight/soil dry
0.7
0.3
6
8
Med i urn
weight)
1.0
0.5
9
12
High
1.3
0.7
12
14
CO

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 High  Performance  Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) For Analysis

      1.    To the  extract in the concentrator tube, 4 ml  acetonitrile are added
 with  a new boiling  chip.   The temperature of the hot water bath  is increased
 to  95 to  100°C.   The  solvent  is concentrated  as  above.   After cooling  the
 column is removed and  its  lower  joint is rinsed  into  the concentrator  tube
 with  about 0.2 ml of acetonitrile.  The  extract  volume  is  adjusted to  1.0 ml
 to  5.0 ml.

      2.    The  sample  extract  (3 yl)  is  injected  with  a  sample injection loop,
 and integrator set at attenuation of 32.   The resulting  peak  size is  recorded
 in  area  units.

      3.    If the  peak area exceeds the linear range of the system, the extract
 is  diluted  and reanalyzed.

      Chromatograph conditions were  as  follows:    isocratic  for 1 minute  with
 acetonitrile/water  (40/60),  linear  gradient elution  to  100  percent
 acetonitrile  over  7 minutes,  followed  by a  3-minute  hold  at  100 percent
 acetonitrile.

 Calculations

      The  concentration  of  individual compounds is determined  according  to  the
 formula:


      Concentration, mg/kg = (ni  i8/!/
                             (»i I  (ws/

 where
      A    =    Calibration factor  for chromatographic  system in milligrams  per
               unit area

      B   =    Peak size in injection of sample  extract,  in  area  units

      Vi   =    Volume of extract  injected  (yl)

      Vt   =    Volume of extract total  (yl)

      Ws   =    Weight of the soil  (dry)  (kg)

 Volatilization Analysis

     The  experimental  apparatus  for volatilization measurements  is  shown in
 Figure 1.   The system consists  of the 500 ml erlenmeyer  flask with  a  fitted
 glass  aeration cap through  which  high  quality breathing air  enters the flask
through Teflon tubing.  The purge  air flows over  the surface of the  soil-waste
mixture  contained within  the flask  and  exits  the aeration  cap  through an
effluent tube close to the top of  the flask.  The flow path and configuration
of the flask ensures  effective mixing over the surface of the soil.   Effluent
purge  gas containing volatile constituents from the soil-waste mixture  leaves
the flask  through the Teflon tubing, passes a glass  T  used for split  stream
                                     9

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            Influent
            Purge Gas
Effluent Purge Gas

          1

              l—1-
             I!
                                    I
                «or
                         Soil/Waste
                           Mixture
                                                      Sorbent
                                                       Tubes

                                                         i
                                            Capillary Flow
                                               Control
                             Constant
                             Flow
                             Sample
                             Pump
                                   Effluent Purgs Gas
Figure  1. Laboratory flask apparatus used for mass balance measurements.
                                   10

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 sampling,  and  is  then  carried" to  a  vent  for  discharge  away  from the
 experimental area.  Split stream sampling is conducted  through the glass Ts in
 the  flask effluent line by  using  a constant volume sample  pump  to  pull air
 through  Tenax  sorbent  traps  connected to the pump  via a balanced, capillary
 flow controlled glass and Teflon sampling manifold.

     The  experimental  procedure for determining  volatilization  rates  of
 individual  organic  constituents,  and for correcting apparent  loss  to obtain
 loss due  to biodegradation is given below.

 Experimental Procedure for Volatilization Measurements

     a.   An experimental run is initiated by first placing 200 gm of soil  in
 experimental flask units.  Waste is  added to the  200 g  of  soil  in the flask,
 is quickly mixed, and the flask  units are quickly  capped.

     b.   Once capped, the purqe gas should be initiated at a controlled rate
 of 200 ml/min, and initial volatilization measurements  should be initiated  by
 drawing  a constant volume sample  of flask effluent gas through  the sorbent
 traps  via a constant  volume sample  pump  and  a  balanced, capillary  flow
 controlled four-place  sampling  manifold  (three  samples plus a  blank).   This
 procedure  allows  the concurrent  sampling  of all  flask units  for  the  same
 period of time and during the same  time period over  the volatilization run.

     c.   Sample pump rate  and  purge gas flow rate are measured  before each
 sampling  event via a bubble  tube flow meter, and  the duration  of  the sorbent
 tube sampling is recorded for accurate emission flux rate calculations.

     d.   The  sorbent traps  should  generally be  sampled  at  a rate of  100
 ml/min/trap for a period not exceeding 5 minutes  to minimize breakthrough  of
 the most  volatile  component  of  interest.   Breakthrough traps  are  used  in  at
 least  the  first  five  sampling  events to  allow the  quantification  of
 breakthrough that occurs during  this time, and  all mass flux values should  be
 calculated with the inclusion of this observed breakthrough mass.

     e.   Upon  completion of the sampling event,  the sorbent tubes are placed
 in muffled culture tubes and stored  at 4°C  for  a  maximum of four  weeks  prior
 to specific component identification  via  GC/FID analysis.

     f.   Sorbent tube desorption is  carried out using a Tekmar™ LSD-1 liquid
 sample concentrator or  equivalent  that contains  a  trap  heater  oven  modified
 for the  5.5  mm O.D., 10 mm  long,  thin  walled stainless steel  sorbent  tubes
recommended for  use.    Sample tubes  are desorbed  for four  minutes  at  a
temperature of  250°C  prior to component separation and identification.

     g.   The  sampling  and  analysis  procedure  was  repeated  at  selected  time
 intervals following waste addition  corresponding  to  the anticipated  log  decay
 in volatilization rates  of volatile  organics  from  the  soil  systems.   A
sampling  schedule that  was followed is  as follows:

     0, 15 min,  1  hour,  2.5 hour, 10  hour, 1 day, 2  days

                                     11

-------
 If  results  indicated  undetectable  fir  emission  levels  after  2  days of
 sampling,  the  a-,   emission  portion  of the  study  was terminated.   If blank
 soils  showed  inn-jnificant  contamination  within  the first  day of sampling,
 their  use  was  discontinued.   Blank and spike  traps  were  used throughout the
 sampling period, however, to obtain QA/QC  information for  the method.

     h.   One  flask  from  each  loading rate  was  sacrificed  periodically and
 chemically  extracted  to  allow correlation  with the  degradation  s1  dies
 evaluated  in  the  soil  boxes  and 600  ml  glass  reactors regarding residual
 levels of contaminants of concern  in the soil:waste mixture.

 Data Calculations

     An  initial  emission  mass  flux rate is calculated (mass/area/time} along
 with a first order emission  rate  constant  and a half-life for  volatilization
 Ui/2  in days)  representing  the time for emission  rates to be reduced to one-
 half their initial values.

     A plot of  cumulative  mass of organic constituent, collected  in the flask
 effluent gas versus  time  is  made.  These cumulative'mass values  are  used to
 correct degradation data for volatile emission losses by subtracting them from
 the total mass  change as  indicated from beaker degradation studies.  Measured
 emission rates  (mass/area/time) as  a  function of  time are then plotted based
 on the soil surface area  exposed  to the purge air, the  fraction of purge air
 actually sampled  through  the traps, and the  cumulative  time during effluent
 sampling.   These  effluent emiss on  data can be plotted as  described  for the
 degradation data to  determine   a  volatilization  half-life.    For  the  PAH
 compounds  addressed in this  study no  emission data could  be calculated since
 the mass of material  in  emissions  collected  was too low to be quantified.

 Statistical Evaluation

     Statistical methods  were  used  to help  determin^ estimates  of compound
 half-lives and  confidence  intends for individual corr.ounds.   Differences in
 concentrations of PAH compounds .  d PCP between sampling times  were evaluated
 by calculating  a linear regression based on  first  order  kinetics.  The slope
 of the regression line was used to determine the first order  degradation rates
 for PAH compound' in the  waste-soil mixtures.  The half-life  of each compound
 was calculated  :-om  the first  order degradation  rate.   The  half-life values
 for the lower ana upper  95 percent confidence intervals  were also  calculated
for PAH  compounds  when  waste was reapplied  to soil  to  indicate the range of
values about the half-life.

     If the  slope  of the first-order  regression  was nonnegative,  indicating
that no treatment by degradation was observed, or  if  degradation  could not be
quantified due  to initial  low concentrations (near  or below detection limits),
no degradation  information is  reported in  the tables.    Specific  information
concerning changes in concentrations with  time are given  in  Appendix A.  All
of the statistical procedures used were performed  using tne  SPSS  computerized
statistical package (SPSS Inc.  1986).
                                      12

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     A series  of  experiments were conducted  to  evaluate the  PAH extraction
procedure using the Tekmar Tissumizer.  Results  for  spiked  recoveries  of the
16 priority pollutant PAH compounds for the Durant clay loam and Kidman sandy
loam soils are presented in Table 2.    Four  concentration  levels  were  used in
order to  bracket  the  range of PAH concentrations  in the soil/waste mixtures
from  initial  concentration (high) to the  termination  of  the  degradation
experiments (low).

     The  information  presented in  Table  2 indicates  consistent and generally
high  recoveries  of all  16  PAH   compounds  from  both soil  types.    Also,
recoveries did not  vary greatly  and   were  high through a  three-log change in
PAH  concentrations  in the  experimental  soils.    Thus  the  soil   extraction
procedure used appears to  provide consistent and high  extraction efficiencies
for both soils over the range of  concentrations of  concern.

     Waste degradation results for the four wastes  in Durant  clay loam soil
are  summarized in  Tables  3  through 14.   Tables  3  through  6 summarize
degradation rates at  low soil moisture {-2 to -4 bars) over approximately 280
days.  Tables  7 through  14 summarize  degradation  rates at high soil moisture
(-1/3 to  -1  bar)  over  approximately  100 days.   Some samples  received  a
reapplication of waste, as indicated   in the tables.  Degradation kinetics are
expressed as first order reaction rates (per day)  and as half-lives (days) for
each waste-soil mixture and loading rate  evaluated.

     Results generally  indicate  an increase in  PAH half-life with increasing
molecular weight  or compound  size.   This observation  is  generally consistent
with results obtained for the PAH class of compounds  in soil systems (Sims and
Overcash  1983).    However,  half-lives for  some  higher molecular  weight PAH
compounds  are observed  to  be  lower in  these  wastes  than  for half-lives
obtained  with  PAH compounds only, i.e.,  without  the  waste matrix (U.S. EPA
1982, Sims  1982).   The observed  variation  in degradation  rates and half-lives
obtained for the waste constituents may be due to  the difficulty  in accurately
analyzing  individual  constituents in  soil  mixed  with complex  environmental
mixtures.

     An  increase  in soil moisture content from -2 to  -4  bars  to -1/3 and -1
bars generally was  associated with a  decrease in  PAH  compound half-life.

     Results also indicate that  for each  petroleum waste  the half-life values
were  similar  for  some compounds  even  though the  waste loading rate changed.
These results  would be expected  if degradation followed first  order kinetics.

     PAH constituents  in wood preserving  wastes  exhibited different half-life
trends in  creosote  waste (Tables 5 and 11)  compared with PCP  waste  (Tables  6
and  13).  Half-life values were generally higher  for  the creosote waste,  while
values for the PCP  waste were more typical of those observed for  the petroleum
refinery wastes.

     Half-life values  for some  waste constituents  in  each  wood  preserving
waste  were  similar  even though  the loading  rate  changed.  These  results  are

                                      13

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       TABLE  2.   TISSUMIZER  EXTRACTED RECOVERY  RESULTS FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS IN KIDMAN  AND DURANT  SOILS*
     Compound
    Kidman Sandy Loam
Soil Concentration in mg/kg
     Ourant Clay Loam
Soil  Concentration  in mg/kg

Naphthalene
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor an thene
Pyrene
Benzo( a ) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k Jfluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Dibenz(ah)anthracene
Benzo(ghi)pyrene
Indeno( 1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
1000
92.3 (3.8)
89.7 (4.7)
82.3 (3.2)
98.0 (1.0)
98.7 (1.5)
98.7 (1.5)
95.0 (2.7)
106.3 (3.1)
97.0 (2.0)
95.6 (1.5)
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
96.0 (0.0)
82.0 (4.4)
80.0 (1.7)
96.7 (0.6)
99.3 (0.6)
89.3 (1.5)
99.3 (1.2)
10/.7 (0.6)
9,.3 (1.2)
97.0 (1.0)
61.0 (0.0)
104.0 (1.0)
75.3 (2.5)
101.7 (2.1)
91.0 (0.0)
97.0 (1.0)

86.3
41.7
68.7
96.0
99.3
82.0
97.0
103.0
97.3
96.7
S4.0
'J3.7
66.3
103.3
90.7
98.3
10
(W.6)
(25.5)
(3-2)
(1.7)
(2.1)
(3-0)
(0-0)
(1.0)
(2.3)
(2.1)
(1-0)
(1.5)
(4.7)
(6.4)
(0.6)
(1.5)
1


103.5
110.0
57.7
85.3
73.7
96.3
94.7
87.7
105.0
61.7
78.0
102.0
100.0



(5.0)
(0.0)
(2.5)
(2.1)
(4.0)
(5.1)
(3.1)
(1.5)
(2.7)
(3.1)
(8-5)
(2.7)
(2.0)
1000
99.0 (3.0)
87.3 (7.2)
86.7 (3.1)
98.7 (0.6)
99.0 (1.0)
94.3 (7.2)
96.0 (0.0)
107.0 (2.7)
97.3 (1.2)
96.7 (0.6)
-
-
-
-
-
•
100
111.7
89.3
86.3
97.7
99.0
93.0
100.3
108.0
98.7
86.3
61.3
104.3
79.3
103.3
92.7
98.3
(5-0)
(8.1)
(11-2)
(1.5)
(1.0)
(2.7)
(2-3)
(3-6)
(1.2)
(0-6)
(0.6)
(1-5)
(0-6)
(3.2)
(1.2)
(0.6)
10
158.3 (G 1)
78.5 (5.0)
77.5 (5.0)
94.3 {1 0)
98.7 12.5)
86.7 (3.5)
98.7 (1.5)
105.0 (5.3)
99.0 (1.7)
98.0 (1.0)
63.3 (1.2)
105.0 (2.0)
61.7 (2.1)
101.3 (4.0)
90.3 (2.5)
98.3 (1.2)
1
-
-
94.5 (7.8)
115.3 (7.2)
65.0 (5.3)
88 0 (16.5)
80.0 (24.3)
100.0 (1.4)
97.0 (1.7)
86.7 (2.1)
99.7 (2.5)
63.3 (10.0)
86.3 (2.3)
111.0 (4.6)
108.0 (0.0)
'Table  values represent average recoveries of triplicate extractions  at each loading  level with  standard deviations in  par?r> ' >ses.

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                     TABLE  3.  DEGRADATION KINETIC RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN API
                         SEPARATOR SLUDGE MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL AS A
                            FUNCTION OF WASTE LOADING RATE (LOW SOIL MOISTURE)


PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
40.7
+
56.4

340
380
91.4
55.0






6% Loading Rate
k
(day-1)
-0.0294

-0.0045

-0.0018
-0.0020
-0.0005
-0.0024







M/2
(days)
24

160

380
340
1300
290






12% Loading Rate
Co* k ti/g
(mg/kg) (day-1) (days)
66.8 -0.0324 21













*C0 = initial  soil  concentration inwediately after  waste  incorporation  into  soil
+No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate  half-life.

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TABLE 4.   DEGRADATION  KINETIC RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS  IN SLOP
   OIL EMULSION SOLIDS MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY  LOAM  SOIL  AS A
      FUNCTION OF WASTE LOADING RATE (LOW  SOIL MOISTURE)
8% Loading Rate
C0* k ti/2
PAH (tng/kg) (day1) (days)
Naphthalene 190 -0.0094 74
Fluorene +
rh?nanthrene
Vacene
i :iiuranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
*C0 = initial soil concentration immediately after
12% Loading Rate
C0* k ti/2
(mg/kg) (day1) (days)
220 -0.0160 43
73.4 -0.0118 59
600 -0.0119 58
70.0 -0.0152 45
2000 -0.0040 180




57.8 -0.0288 24



waste incorporation into soil
14% Loading Rate
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
460
86.8
470
10.0
3300
3900
390
160


13.8



•
k
(day1)
-0.0014
-0.0036
-0.0017
-0.0303
-0.0013
-0.0013
-0.0008
-0.0010


-0 . 0328




tl/2
(days)
49
200
420
23
540
540
830
670


21




+No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
                 TABLE  5.   DEGRADATION KINETIC RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN CREOSOTE
                WOOD PRESERVING WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT  CLAY  LOAM  SOIL  AS  A FUNCTION
                              OF WASTE LOADING RATE (LOW SOIL MOISTURE)


PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo{b)f 1 uoranthene
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di ben z ( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
0.7%
r *
Lo
(rag/kg)
+
8.7
30
3.5
27
19
2.6
3.1
1.2
0.8
1.4


0.6
Loading Rate
k
(day-1)

-0.0035
-0.0004
-0.0104
-0.0007
-0.0025
-0.0074
-0.0089
-0.0103
-0.0104
-0.0114


-0.0042
tl/2
(days)

200
2000
67
900
300
94
78
67
67
61


170
1.0*
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)

12
43
6.5
40
32
4.0
4.1
1.8
1.2
1.6


0.6
Loading Rate
k
(day-1)

-0.0027
-0.0045
-0.0034
-0.0016
-0.0009
-0.0097
-0.0002
-0.0006
-0.0108
-0.0128


-0.0041
tl/2
(days)

260
150
200
430
770
71
3000
1200
64
54


170
1.3%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
17.6
16.1
53.3
11.3
49.6
78.4
5.3
5.8
2.1
1.7
2.0
0.9
1.4
0.7
Loading Rate
k
(dayl)
-0.0196
-0.004
-0.0038
-0.0079
-0.0031
-0.0033
-0.0042
-0.0054
-0.0028
-0.0006
-0.0018
-0.0015
-0.0003
-0.0021
tl/2
(days)
35
200
;eo
88
220
210
170
130
250
1000
390
460
2000
330
*C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste  incorporation into soil.
+No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
00
                        TABLE 6.  DEGRADATION KINETIC RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN PCP
                         WOOD PRESERVING WASTES MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL AS A
                              FUNCTION OF WASTE LOADING RATE (LOW SOIL MOISTURE)



PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b) * 1 nor anthene
Benzo( k ) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( gh i ) peryl ene
Dibenzf a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
0.3%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
+
42.7
120
10.0
110
100








Loading Rate
k
(day-1)

-0.0383
-0.0101
-0.0279
-0.0063
-0.0062









fcl/2
(days)

18
68
25
110
110








0.7%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)

110
340
90.1

350
65.4
38.1
53.0
14.6
18.2



Loading Rate
k
(day-1)

-0.0065
-0.0022
-0.0011

-0.0019
-0.0013
-0.0017
-0.0026
-0.0013
-0.0052




tl/2
(days)

110
320
630

3/0
550
410
270
520
130



   *C0 = Initial soil concentration immediately after  waste  incorporation  into  soil.
   +No data indicate insufficient quantitative  information to calculate  half-life

-------
       TABLE 7.   DEGRADATION  KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN API SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE
                REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM AT  -1  BAR  SOIL  MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT  M/M*

95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
C +
(mg/kg)
37
17
110
16
550
1800
**
85
110
370
170



(dayl)
-0.0627
-0.0169
-0.0150
-0.0077
-0.0027
-0.0136

-0.0132
-0.0011
-0.0114
-0.0066



ii1/2i
(days)
11
41
46
90
260
51

53
630
61
105



(day!)
-0.0924
-0.0275
-0.0190
-0.0170
-0.0100
-0.0353

-0.0222
-0.0173
-0.0262
-0.0278



ttrtl/2^
(days)
8
25
36
41
69
20

31
40
26
25



Upper Limit
k
(day1)
-0.0329
-0.0063
-0.0110
0.0015
0.0043
0.0080

-0.0043
0.0151
0.0033
0.0147



,^1/2N
(days)
21
110
63

_
-

161
-
-
-



 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate  (9%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
 *- indicates treatment was  not  observed,  based on slope of first order regression line.
**No data indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
ro
o
            TABLE 8.   DEGRADATION  KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS  IN API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE WASTE
                     REAPPLIED  TO  DURANT CLAY LOAM AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT  H/NR*
                                                                             95%  Confidence Interval

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
(mg/'kg)
f
20
43
(dayl)
-0.0305
-0.0054
(dlyf)
23
128
Lower Limit
k , tl/2
(day1) (days)
-0.0461 15
-0.0170 41
Upper Limit
k
(day-D
-0.0149
0.0061
tj/2
(days)
47
**
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(3)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f1uoranthene
Benzo(k )f 1uoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzc(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
     *H/NR  = originally loaded  at high rate  (12%), not reloaded.
     +C0 =  initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into  soil.
     *No data indicate  insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.
    **  indicates  treatment was not cbsprved, based on slope of first order regression  line.

-------
rs>
             TABLE 9.   DEGRADATION KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS
                     REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM AT -1 BAR SOIL  MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT M/M*

95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
(mg?kg)
270
110
700
110
8300
9100
540
210
**
58
72



(dayl)
-0.0310
-0.0259
-0.0340
-0.0870
-0.0392
-0.0339
-0.0260
-0.0043

-0.0089
-0.0496



tj/2
(days )
22
27
20
8
18
20
27
161

78
14



(dayl)
-0.0478
-0.0510
-0.0630
-0.1440
-0.0789
-0.0717
-0.0595
-0.0169

-0.0360
-0.0801



(days)
14
14
11
5
9
10
12
41

19
9



Upper Limit
(day-D
-0.0141
-0.0009
-0.0043
-0.0310
0.0005
0.0039
0.0075
0.0082

0.0182
-0.0190




49
803
1J59
22
.#
_
_
_

_
36



     *M/M = originally loaded  at medium  rate  (12%), reloaded at medium rate.
     +C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately  after waste incorporation into soil.
     *- indicates treatment was not  observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
    **No data indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
ro
ro
           TABLE 10.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS  IN SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS
                    REAPPLIED TO  DURANT CLAY LOAM AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT H/NR*
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluor ene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo( k )f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Per*7o(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indpno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
C +
(mg?kg)
29
*
320
60
11000
4500
480


55



(dayl)
-0.0187

-0.0640
-0.0320
-0.0170
-0.0157
-0.0020


-0.0076



tl/2.
(days)
37

11
22
41
44
347


91



(day1)
-0.0254

-0.1390
-0.1010
-0.0390
-0.0864
-0.0135


-0.0151



(&')
27

5
7
18
8
51


46




Upper Limit
k
(day-D
-0.0120

0.0110
0.0370
0.004;
0.0549
0.0094


-0.0002



*l/2.
(days)
58


-
-
-
-
i

3600



    *H/NR = originally loaded at  high rate  (14%), not reloaded.
    +C0 = initial soil concentration immediately after waste  incorporation  into  soil.
    #No data indicate insufficient  quantitative  information to calculate  half-life.
   **- indicates treatment was not  observed,  based on slope of first order  regression  line.

-------
ro
(A)
        TABLE  11.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN CREOSOTE WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
                    REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT M/M
95% Confidence Interval
Lower" 1'imit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pvrene
(mg/kg)
210
44
410
85
**
300
(day-1)
-0.1107
-0.0008
-0.0174
-0.0020

-0.0001
ti/2
(days)
6
890
40
350

8000
(dayl)
-0.1107
-0.0134
-0.0257
-0.0112

-0.0071
ti/2
(days)
6
52
27
62

98
Upper Limit
(day-D
-0.0251
0.0119
-0.0090
0.0072

0.0069
(days)
2O
Q
77
—
i
-
Ben zo (a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
                                   6.3    -0.0054
230
-0.0333
21
0.0225
     *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1.0*), reloaded at medium rate.
     +C0 = initial soil concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
     *- indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
    **No data  indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
ro
          TABLE 12.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS  IN  CREOSOTE  WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
                     REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT H/NR*
-5% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Pi -nanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluorar? '"vie
Benzo(k)fluoranlnene
P'-'MaJpyrene
Ben tu( ghi ) peryl ene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
C *
(nig/ kg)
f
45
110
150
410
220
43
43
18





(day-1)

-0.0094
-0.0100
-0.0052
-0.0033
-0.0033
-0.0014
-0.0021
-0.0044





iS1/Zi
(days)

74
69
134
210
210
495
330
]5R





(day-1)

-0.0365
-0.0220
-0.0120
-0.0255
-0.0395
-0.0209
-0.0215
-0.0250





tl/2.
(days)

19
32
58
27
18
33
32
28





Upper '
(day-1) (d^f)

0.0177 -**
0.0008
0.0017
0.0188
0.0328
0.0182 «-
0.0174
0.0160





      *H/NR = originally loadpd at high rate (1.3%), not reloaded.
      +C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
      *No data indicate  insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.
     **- indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first order regression line.

-------
ro
01
         TABLE  13.   DEGRADATION KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING
                   WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT M/M*

95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Ben zo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo( ajpyrene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
(mg?kg)
*
150
600
280

370
29
46




2.0

(day-1)

-0.0169
-0.0240
-0.0080

-0.0023
-0.0097
-0.0001




-0.0013

tl/2.
(days)

41
29
87

301
71
9800




533

(dayl)

-0.0257
-0.0330
-0.0130

-0.0057
-0.0244
-0.0022




-0.0147



27
21
53

122
28
315




47

Upper Limit
(day-D

-0.0081
-0.0150
-0.0027

0.0010
0.0050
0.0021




0.0122

tl/2
(days)

86
46
257

**
-
-




-

      *M/M = originally loaded  at medium rate (0.5%), reloaded at medium rate.
      +C0  = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
      *No  data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.
     **-  indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first order regression line,

-------
ro
        TABLE  14.   DEGRADATION KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING
                  WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT H/NR*
95% Confidence Interval
lower "Limit

Naphthal ene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a.h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
C +
(mg?kg)
I
45
110
150
410
220
43
26
12


1.6
1.4

(dayl)

-0.0369
-0.0150
-0.0043
-0.0091
-0.0134
-0.0006
-0.0036
-0.0022


-0.0071
-0.0031

*i/z.
(days)

19
46
159
76
52
1000
193
315


98
224

(dayl)

-0.0491
-0.0340
-0.0200
-0.0284
-0.0311
-0.0181
-0.0204
-0.0132


-0.1632
-0.0031

tl/2.
(days)

14
20
35
24
22
38
34
53


4
224

Upper Limit
k
(day1)

-0.0247
0.0048
0.0120
0.0103
0.0043
0.0168
0.0131
0.0087


0.1490
-0.0031

*i/2.
(days)

28
**
-
-
-
-

-


-
224

      *H/NR = originally loaded  at  high rate  (0.7%), not reloaded.
      +C0 = initial soil  concentration  immediately after waste incorporation  into soil.
      *No data indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.
     **- indicates treatment was not  observed, based on slope of first order  regression  line.

-------
 similar  to those observed  for "the  petroleum wastes,  and  are  expected if
 degradation  processes follow first order kinetics.

     After  the first  experimental  period  of  approximately 280  days,  wastes
 were  reapplied to  the  soil according  to  the  following  schedule:    1)  waste
 originally  loaded  at  the medium rate was  reloaded  at the medium loading rate
 of  application to  soil  (M/M);  2) waste originally loaded  at the  low rate was
 reloaded  at  the high rate  (L/H); and  3)  nonacclimated  soil  was loaded  at the
 high rate of waste application (N/H).   Results were  converted  to first order
 reaction  rate  constants and half-life values.  A subset of soil/waste mixtures
 for  each soil  type and  waste type  was  selected  for  detailed  analysis  of
 degradation.   The  subset  chosen  was  evaluated  for approximately an additional
 100 days.

     Degradation kinetic  results for the soil/waste and treatment combinations
 selected  using the  Durant clay loam soil are presented in Tables 7 through 14.
 For the petroleum wastes, reapplication did not appear to change the half-life
 values  for  PAH constituents.   Neither an  inhibiting nor  stimulating  effect
 were observed.  For the  wood  preserving wastes,  there  is no  trend that would
 suggest a change in half-life with reapplication after 200 days.

     Waste  degradation  results  for  the four wastes in  Kidman  sandy loam soil
 are summarized in Tables  15 through 34.  Degradation kinetics are expressed as
 first order reaction rates  (per day) and as half-lives (days)  for each loading
 rate evaluated.

     PAH  degradation  results  for wastes incubated  in Kidman sandy loam soil
 generally followed  the  trend  observed  for  waste treatment  in the Durant clay
 loam soil.   PAH degradation generally appeared to  be influenced by molecular
 weight or compound  ring size.   Variation  in  the data  obtained  for degradation
 increased when  waste was reloaded (second experimental period).

     Pentachlorophenol  was  evaluated  for  degradation in  PCP  waste.   Kinetic
 information is  presented  in Tables 35 and  36 for PCP waste in  Durant clay loam
 soil and  Kidman sandy  loam soil, respectively.   Half-life values are similar
 (257 days and  204  days)  for  PCP  initially loaded at  the high  rate  in both
 soils and not  reapplied.  An acclimation of  Kidman  sandy  loam  soil  to PCP may
 be  occurring   as indicated  by comparing results  for  N/H and H/NR  for  Kidman
 soil in Table  36.   Both  samples received  PCP  waste at the high  loading rate
 (0.3%).   However,  PCP in  the  sample  incubated  for 400 days (H/NR) had a half-
 life of 204  days,  while PCP in the  sample  incubated for 164 days  (N/H)  has a
 half-life of  330  days.   Evidence for  acclimation is  also indicated  in  the
 sample initially at the low loading  rate  (0.075%), Table  36, and reloaded at
 the  high rate (0.3%).   The  half-life for  PCP  in  this  soil  is  151  days.
 Acclimation of  soil microorganisms to PCP would be expected to result in lower
 half-life values (faster kinetics) when waste is reapplied.


 SUMMARY

     PAH  constituents  of the  four  wastes  investigated  were  degraded  under
conditions of  initial  waste application to nonacclimated soils as well as when
                                      27

-------
ro
oo
                        TABLE 15.  DEGRADATION KINETIC RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN API

                            SEPARATOR SLUDGE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL AS A

                              FUNCTION  OF WASTE LOADING RATE  (LOW  SOIL MOISTURE)


PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenzf a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

C *
Lo
(mg/kg)
38.4
+
50.4

310
330
85.9
21.2






6% Loading Rate
k
(day-1)
-0.0307

-0.0014

-0.0006
-0.0004
-0.0003
-0.0006







tl/2
(days)
23

510

1100
1800
2100
1200






12% Loading Rate
C0* k ti/2
(mg/kg) (day-1) (days)
61.3 -0.0337 21












17.0 -0.0112 62
    *C0 = initial  concentration  in soil immediately after waste incorporation into soil
    +No data indicate  insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life

-------
ro
vo
                        TABLE 16.   DEGRADATION KINETIC  RESULTS  FOR  PAH  COMPOUNDS  IN  SLOP
                           OIL EMULSION SOLIDS MIXED WITH  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM SOIL  AS  A
                               FUNCTION OF WASTE  LOADING RATE  (LOW  SOIL MOISTURE)


PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di benz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
8% Loading Rate
C * k
V/Q K
(mg/kg) (day-1)
150 -0.0101
+

32.9 -0.0028

4100 -0.0758
270 -0.0444








tl/2
(days)
66


250

9
16








r *
(mg/kg)
350
65.0
360

2600
3000
320
130
72.9





12% Loading Rate
k
(day-1)
-0.0099
-0.0055
-0.0014

-0.0013
-0.0011
-0.0010
-0.0013
-0.0023






tl/2
(days)
70
130
5QP

540
630
680
540
300





   *C0 =  initial concentration in soil immediately after waste incorporation into soil
   +No data  indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life

-------
                TABLE  17.   DEGRADATION  KINETIC  RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS  IN CREOSOTE
                   WOOD PRESEPVING WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL AS A
                         FUNCTION OF  WASTE  LOADING  RATE  (LOW  SOIL MOISTURE)


PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo( b) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
0.4%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
1.4
4.7
170
1.1
150
130
1.1
1.8
7.0
6.0
1.2
5.6
6.0
Loading Rate
k
(day-1)
_+
-0.0203
0.0043
0.0088
0.0038
0.0062
0.0016
0.01
0.0068
0.007
0.0117
0.0003
0.0043
tl/2
(days)

30
160
79
180
110
430
69
100
100
59
2000
160
0.7%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
3.7
100
330
5.3
310
260
3.1
3.3
1.4
1.3
1.6
6.3
6.0
Loading Rate
k
(day-1)
-0.0159
0.0046
0.0024
0.0037
0.0022
0.0014
0.0084
0.0007
0.0015
0.0118
0.0134
+ slope
0.004?
tl/2
(days)
44
150
290
190
320
500
83
990
460
59
52
49
170
1.0% Loading Rate
C0* * ti/2
(mg/kg) (day'l) (days)










0.6 0.0003 2000
0.5 0.0034 2000
*C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste  incorporation into soil.
+- indicates treatment  war,  not observed, based on slope of first order regression  line.

-------
                     TABLE 18.  DEGRADATION KINETIC RESULTS FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN PCP
                      WOOD PRESERVING WASTES MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL AS A
                           FUNCTION OF WASTE LOADING RATE  (LOW SOIL MOISTURE)


PAH
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Ben zo ( gh i ) per yl en e
Di ben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l, 2, 3-cd) pyrene
0.075%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
34.7
+
30.8

27.4
28.0








Loading
k
(day-1)
-0.0339

-0.0134

-0.0227
-0.0353








Rate
tl/2
(days)
20

52

190
20








0.3%
r *
Lo
(mg/kg)
96.7
20.4
99.3

91.0
95.7
38.2
9.9






Loading Rate
k
(day-1)
-0.0012
-0.0330
-0.0049

-0.0035
-0.0049
-0.0006
-0.0026







tl/2
(days)
590
21
1*40

200
140
1200
270






*C0 = Initial  soil  concentration immediately after  waste  incorporation  into  soil
+No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to  calculate  half-life

-------
CO
ro
            TABLE 19.   DEGRADATION  KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN API SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE
                    REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT M/M*
95% Confidence Interval
Tower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fl uor anthene
Ben zo ( k ) f 1 uor ant hen e
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a ,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
C +
(mg/kg)
30
15
120
15
780
1000
88
160
**
100




(dayl)
-0.0185
-0.0139
--0.0019
-0.0260
-0.0333
-0.0553
-0.0044
-0.0011

-0.0050




<$!£
37
49
360
27
21
13
158
630

139




(dayl)
-0.0224
-0.0346
-0.0170
-0.0520
-0.0662
-0.0957
-0.0288
-0.0120

-0.0209




l\l/2^
(days)
31
20
41
13
10
7
24
58

33




Upper Limit
k
(day-D
-0.0146
0.0069
0.0130
-0.0009
-0.0004
-0.0149
0.0200
0.0097

0.0109




l\l/2^
(days)
4S
_#
_
810
1634
47
_
-

_




     *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded at medium rate.
     +C0 = initial soil concentration immediately after waste incorporation  into soil.
     *- indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first order  regression line.
    **No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
OJ
co
            TABLE 20.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS  IN API SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  WASTE
                     REAPPLIED TO  KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT L/H*

95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)pery1ene
Dibenzf a,h) anthracene
Indem>( 1 ,2, 3-cd)pyrene
(mg/kg)
66
32
190
19
**
1500
380
140


160


0.3
(dayl)
-0.0272
-0.0022
-0.0010
-0.0160

-0.0048
-0.0009
-0.0025


-0.0048


-0.0660
(dSyl)
25
315
693
43

144
747
277


144


11
k
-0.0320
-0.0061
-0.0029
-0.0650

-0.0181
-0.0096
-0.0122


-0.0106


-0.3501
tj/2
(days)
22
114
239
11

38
72
57


65


2
Upper Limit
(dayl)
-0.0223
0.0017
0.0009
0.0330

0.0085
0.0078
0.0071


0.0007


0.2181
(day!)
31
_#
-
-

-
-
-


-



      *L/H = originally loaded  at low rate  (6X), reloaded at high rate (12%).
      +C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
      #- indicates treatment was  not observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
     **No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
OJ
          1ABLE 21.   DEGRADATION KINE11.,  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS  IN API SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  WASTE
                  REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT N/H*

95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b) f 1 uoranthene
Ben zo( k ) f 1 uor ant hene
Benzo( a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno( 1 ,2, 3-cd ) pyrene
C +
(mg/kg)
69
21
150
20
**



370
240




(day*)
-0.0393
-0.0009
-0.0025
-0.0140




-0.0115
-0.0095




*l/2.
(days)
18
753
277
50




60
73




(dayl)
-0.0476
-0.0090
-0.0038
-0.0250




-0.0244
-0.0241




tl/2.
(days)
15
139
182
28




28
29




Upper Limit
k
(day-D
-0.0310
0.0031
-0.0012
-0.0034




0.0014
0.0051




i!ii/2i
(days)
22
_#
578
204




-
-




    *N/H = nonacclimated  soil loaded at high rate (12%).
    +C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
    *- indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
   **No data indicate  insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
           TABLE 22.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR PAH  COMPOUNDS IN  API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE WASTE
                   REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT H/NR*
CO
en

95% Confidence Interval

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
(mg/kg)
f
72
5.7
(day*)
-0.0007
-0.0470
t\l|^^
(days)
1000
15
Lower Limit
k , M/2
(day1) (days)
-0.0035 198
-0.0540 13
Upper Limit
(day-D
0.0021
-0.0410
(days)
**
17
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
                                  60       -0.0092      75


                                    2.3     -0.0017     408
-.0.0187


-0.0382
37


18
0.0003


0.0349
      *H/NR  = originally loaded  at  high rate  (12%), not reloaded.
      +C0 =  initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
      *No data indicate  insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.
     **- indicates treatment  was  not  observed,  based on slope of first order regression line.

-------
co
            TABLE  23.   DEGRADATION  KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS  IN  SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS
                   REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT M/M*

95% Confidence Interval
Tower" Tim it

Naphthalene
Fluorene
PHenanthrene
' ' acene
• .'..ranthene
Pyrene
(mg/kg)
160
73
740
88
27000
4500
**
(dayl)
-0.0215
-0.0090
-0.0001
-0.0053
-0.023
-0.0036
(days;
32
77
10500
131
30
193
k
-0.0314
-0.0135
-0.0140
-0.049
-0.0359
-0.0120
(days)
?2
til
50
14
19
58
Upper Limit
(day-D
-0.0117
-0.0045
0.130
0.038
-0.0102
0.0048
(days)
59
154
_#
-
68
-
    Chrysene
    Ber>*^(b)fluoranthene
    Be< i <...; k) f 1 uor ant hene
    Benzo(a)pyrene
    Benzo(ghi)perylene
    Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
    Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
                                  -0.0298
23
-0.0625
11
0.0028
     *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (8%), reloaded at medium rate.
     "!;C0 = initial soil concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
     f.
    **
indicai-   treatment was not observed, based on slope of  first order  regression line.
 :jta indicate  insufficient quantitative  information to  calculate  half-life.

-------
oo
            TABLE 24.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION  FOR PAH COMPOUNDS  IN SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS
                    REAPPLIED TO  KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT L/H*
95% Confidence Interval
Lowe? Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno (1,2, 3-cd ) pyrene
(mg/kg)
270
120
620
110
6000
6500
1000
220
220
100
59
**


(dayl)
-0.0161
-0.0076
-0.0030
-0.0810
-0.0093
-0.0052
-0.0041
-0.0077
-0.0350
-0.0426
-0.0222




43
91
231
9
75
133
163
90
20
16
31



k
-0.0222
-0.0126
-0.0044
-0.1160
-0.0279
-0.0074
-0.0143
-0.0136
-0.0652
-0.0794
-0.0623



^•1/2
( days )
31
55
158
6
25
94
48
51
11
9
11



Upper Limit
k
(dayl)
-0.0100
-0.0026
-0.0017
-0.0460
0.0093
-0.003
0.0061
-0.0018
-0.0048
-0.0057
0.0178



.si;2,
69
267
408
15
_ff
231

385
144
122




     **
*L/H = originally loaded at low rate  (6%), reloaded at high rate (12%).
+C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
*- indicates treatment was  not observed,  based on slope of first order regression line.
*No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
            TABLE 25.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION HOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS
                    REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT N/H*
CO
00
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Ben zn( gh i ) per yl ene
Dibe;!?( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
(mg/kg)
1400
53
**
55
8400
1500
1600



-

-

(day-1)
-0.0224
-0.0244

-0.0680
-0.0306
-0.0460
-0.0204



-0.0335

-0.0294

(days)
31
28

10
23
15
34



21

24

(dayl)
-0.0323
-0.0489

-0.1060
-0.0552
-0.2034
-0.0548



-0.1119

-0.0294

&&
21
14

7
13
3
13



6

24

Upper Limit
k
(day-D
-0.0126
0.0001

-0.0310
-0.0059
0.1114
0.0141



0.0449

-0.0294

(dayl)
55
_#

22
117
_
_



_

24

      *N/H = nonacclimated  soil  loaded  at  high rate (12%).
      +C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste  incorporation  into soil.
      *- indicates treatment was not  observed, based on slope of first order  regression  line.
     **No data indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
            TABLE  26.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS
                  REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT H/NR*
CO
vo

95% Confidence Interval
lower limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
(mg?kg)
f
35
270
49
2100
(dayl)
-0.0079
-0.0040
-0.0764
-0.0080
(days)
88
173
9
87
(dayl)
-0.0120
-0.0052
-0.0802
-0.0160
tj/2
(days)
58
133
9
43
Upper Limit
(dayl)
-0.0038
-0.0029
-0.0726
0.00004
<&f>
182
239
10
**
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f1uoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
320
                                   48
-0.0036
        -0.0779
193
-0.0288
                        -0.0779
24
0.0216
                                      -0.0779
     *H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
     +C0 = initial soil concentration immediately after waste  incorporation into  soil.
     *No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate  half-life.
    **- indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first  order regression  line.

-------
    TABLE 27.  DEGRADATION KTUETIC INFORMATION  FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS  IN  CREOSOTE WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
               REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT M/M*
95% Confidence Interval
Lower" Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo( a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno( 1 , 2, 3-cd) pyrene
(mg/kg)
320
150
730
210
**
560
54
51
21
15
14


2.2
(dayl)
-0.0737
-0.0170
-0.0120
-0.0013

-0.0054
-0.0027
-0.0005
-0.0039
-0.0017
-0.0023


-0.0009
(days)
9
41
58
530

128
260
1300
178
408
301


763
(day-M
-0.1178
-0.0317
-0.0170
-0.0058

-0.0111
-0.0068
-0.0047
-0.0070
-0.0058
-0.0050


-0.0051
tl/2
(days )
6
22
41
120

62
102
147
99
119
139


136
Upper Limit
(day-D
-0.0296
-0.0022
-0.0074
0.0032

0.0003
0.0014
0.0036
-0.0002
0.0024
0.0004


0.0033
tj/2
( days )
23
315
93
_#

_
_
_
3500
_
_


—
 *M/M = originally loaded  at medium rate  (0.7%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
 *- indicates treatment  was not observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
**No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
    TABLE  28.   DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN CREOSOTE  WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
              REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM  AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT L/H*
95% Confidence Interval


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo( k)f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( ghi ) peryl ene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

(mg/kg)
290
150
740
200
550
540
51
48
20
16
15
**
4.2
2.7

(day-1)
-0.0726
-0.0220
-0.0180
-0.0035
-0.0128
-0.0120
-0.0074
-0.0070
-0.0078
-0.0063
-0.0111

-0.0080
-0.0096

<$$>
10
32
39
198
54
58
94
99
89
110
62

87
72
Lower
(dayl)
-0.1146
-0.0537
-0.0330
-0.0230
-0.0240
-0.0247
-0.0146
-0.0192
-0.0155
-0.0132
-0.0351

-0.0192
-0.0240
Limit
(day!)
6
13
21
30
29
28
47
36
45
53
20

36
29
Upper Limit
k
(day-D
-0.0305
0.0097
-0.0032
0.0160
-0.0015
0.0006
-0.0001
0.0052
-0.0001
0.0005
0.0129

0.0033
0.0048
(days)
23

217

462

7700

4800



_
-
 L/H = originally loaded  at  low rate  (0.4%), reloaded at high rate (1.0%).
+C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
*- indicates treatment  was not  observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
 No data indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
ro
         TABLE 29.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION  FOR  PAH  COMPOUNDS  IN  CREOSOTE  WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
                    REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT N/H*

95% Confidence Interval


Naphthalene
Fluor ene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben^ •'• -i) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo( k) f 1 uor anthene
Ben7o(a)pyrene
Ber,zo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a.h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

(mg/kg)
270
180
830
240
570
570
53
51
21
**
13
0.7

2.1

(dayl)
-0.0035
-0.0267
-0.0260
-0.0100
-0.0094
-0.0130
-0.0085
-0.0047
-0.0080

-0.0046
-0.0008

-0.0021

(dayf)
198
26
27
69
74
53
82
148
87

151
863

330
Lower
k
(dayl)
-0.0074
-0.0338
-0.0340
-0.0150
-0.0141
-0.0159
-0.0218
-0.0071
-0.0147

-0.0108
-0.0095

-0.0071
Limit
*l/2.
(days)
94
21
20
46
49
44
32
98
47

64
73

98
Upper Limit
(dayl)
0.0003
-0.0196
-0.0180
-0.0043
-0.0046
-0.0101
0.0048
-0.0022
-0.0013

0.0015
0.0079

0.0029
(Says2)
.1
35
39
161
151
69
-
31'5
533

-
-

—
      *N/H = nonacclimated  soil loaded at high rate (1.0%).
      +C0 = initial  soil concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
      *- indicates treatment was not observed, based on slope of first order regression line.
     **No data 
-------
          TABLE  30.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN CREOSOTE  WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
                   REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT H/NR*
CO
95% Confidence Interval
lower limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo( ghi ) peryl ene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
(mg/kg)
I
23
11
12
0.6
1.3
2.1
46
30





(dayl)

-0.0047
-0.0120
-0.0036
-0.0036
-0.0051
-0.0031
-0.0024
-0.0072





t-1/2
( days )

147
58
191
191
136
224
289
96





(dayl)

-0.0102
-0.0160
-0.0095
-0.0091
-0.0103
-0.0092
-0.0040
-0.0151






-------
   TABLE  31.   DEGRADATION KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING
              REAPP! :rO TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT M/M*

95% Confidence Interval
Lower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
8enzo(ghi )perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
(mg/kg)
f
30
84

92
97
10
14



0.9


(day-1)

-0.0187
-0.0120

-0.0032
-0.0040
-0.0057
-0.0003



-0.0022


t\/2
(days)

37
58

?17
173
122
2700



315


(day-1)

-0.0359
-0.0250

-0.0189
-0.0196
-0.0220
-0.0151



-0.0089


ti/2
( days )

19
29

37
35
32
46



78


Upper Limit
k i\ tl/2
(day-1) (rt'.-s)

-0.0014 495
0.0001 -**

0.0125
0.0116
0.0105
0.0146 -.



0.0044


 *M/M = originally loaded  at medium rate  (0.15%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
 #No data indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.
**- indicates treatment was not  observed, based on slope of first order regression  line.

-------
   TABLE 32.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR  PAH COMPOUNDS  IN  PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD  PRESERVING
            WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3  BAR  SOIL MOISTURE,  EXPERIMENT  L/H*
95% Confidence Interval


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b ) f 1 uor anthene
Ben zo( k ) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo( a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno (1,2, 3-cd ) pyrene

(mg/kg)
*
52
130

145
160

18





0.3

(dayl)

-0.0139
-0.0120

-0.0038
-0.0034

-0.0005





-0.0106

(days)

50
58

182
204

1300





65
Lower
(dayl)

-0.0444
-0.0290

-0.0083
-0.0071

-0.0072





-0.0318
Limit
<$!&

16
24

83
98

96





22
Upper Limit
(day1) (days)

0.0166 -**
0.0049

0.0007
0.0003

0.0062





0.0106
 *L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.075%), reloaded at high rate (0.3%).
 +C0 = initial  soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into soil.
**
*No data indicate insufficient quantitative  information to calculate half-life.
"""- indicates treatment was not observed,  based on slope of first order regression line.

-------
   TABLE 33.  DEGRADATION  KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PAH COMPOUNDS  IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD  PRESERVING
            WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT  N/H*
95% Confidence Interval
Tower Limit

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
(mg/kg)
f
49
120
69
110
140

21
8.0

4.8



(day*)

-0.0128
-0.0150
-0.0031
-0.0015
-0.0041

-0.0028
-0.0019

-0.0048



<&i>

54
46
220
462
169

248
370

144



(dayl)

-0.0182
-0.0230
-0.0091
-0.0073
-0.0095

-0.0083
-0.0063

-0.0150



(days)

38
30
76
95
73

83
109

46



Upper Limit
(dayl)

-0.0074
-0.0079
0.0028
0.0043
0.0012

0.0027
0.0026

0.0053



tj/2
( days )

94
88
**
_
_

_
_

_



**
*N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded  at  high rate  (0.3%).
+C0 = initial  soil  concentration  immediately after waste  incorporation into soil.
*"o data Indicate insufficient  quantitative information to calculate half-life.
 - indicates treatment  was not  observed, based on slope of first order regression line.

-------
   TABLE 34.  DEGRADATION KINETIC INFORMATION FOR  PAH  COMPOUNDS  IN  PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING
            WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE, EXPERIMENT H/NR*

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
(mg/kg)
100
950
(day*)
-0.0211
-0.0064
(days)
33
109

Lower
(dayl)
-0.0554
-0.0200
95% Confidence
Limit
t-1/2
( days )
13
35
Interval
Upper Limit
k i\ *l/2
(day1/ (days)
0.0131 -**
0.0075
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene                       510      -0.0001     5000          -0.0589       12            0.0586
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene         0.4    -0.0030      231          -0.0161       43            0.0100


 *H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (0.3%),  not reloaded.
 *C0 = initial soil  concentration immediately  after waste  incorporation  into soil.
 *No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate  half-life.
**- indicates treatment was not observed,  based  on slope of first order  regression  line.

-------
     TABLE 35.   DEGRADA"DN  KINETIC  lh\TRMATION FOR -tNTACHLOROPHENOL IN
      PENTACHLOROPHENOL viOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT  CLAY
                      LOAM SOIL A"  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Loading
M/M#
H/NR**
*C0 = initial
C *
(mg/kg)
4.0E2
2.3E2
soil concentration
(dayl)
0.0016
0.0027
immediately after
*l/2 P+
(days)
433 +
257 +
waste incorporation into
       soil.
 ++ p > 0.15 (<85%).
 *M/M = originally loaded  at  medium  rate  (0.5%), reloaded at medium rate.
**H/NR = originally loaded at high rate  (0.7%), nofreloaded.
     TABLE 36.   DEGRADATION KINETIC  INFORMATION FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL IN
      PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY
                     LOAM SOIL AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Loading
Rate
U /Mrr
ri/ n
L/H**
N/H++
H/NR***
C *
(mg/kg)
2.7E2

_#P
1.8F
k
0.0024
0.0046
0.0021
0.0034
^•1/2
(days)
289
151
330
204
P+
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.10
  *C0 = initial soil  concentration immediately after waste incorporation into
        soil.
  +p < 0.01 (99%).
   p <~0.05 (95%).
   p ro.10 (90%).
   p TO. 15 (85%).
  #M/M~ = originally loaded at medium rate (0.15%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
 **L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.075%),  reloaded at  high rate  (0.3%).
 ++N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate (0.3%).
 **- = not analyzed.
***H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (0.3%),  not reloaded.

                                    48

-------
wastes were  reapplied  to  soils.  "PAH degradation generally did not appear to
be  influenced  by soil  type.   PAH  degradation  in  petroleum  refinery wastes
exhibited faster kinetics than for wood preserving wastes.  Degradation rates
for some PAH compounds in complex matrices,  such  as  hazardous wastes, appeared
to degrade faster than when present  in  soil  systems  as  individual compounds.

     Half-life values  for some  PAH  constituents  in the  four  complex wastes
appeared to  be  independent  of  waste  loading rate within the range of loading
rates evaluated.  These  results  would  be expected  if  degradation  followed a
first order  kinetic  model for the range  of loading  rates for  each hazardous
waste evaluated.

     High  molecular weight  PAH  compounds  have  been  demonstrated to  be
cometabilized (Sims   and Overcash 1983).   It is possible that the four complex
wastes evaluated in  this study, at loading rates that were below a toxic level
to  soil  microorganisms,  provided  substrates for  cell  growth  and  energy
production which  resulted  in  the degradation of  high molecular  weight  PAH
compounds through a  cometabolic process.

     Results  for pentachlorophenol degradation kinetics in PCP waste indicated
a  decrease  in half-life  with  increase in  incubation  time,  and  when  soil
initially loaded at  the lowest loading  rate received a reapplication of waste
at the highest loading rate.  Acclimation  of soil microorganisms to PCP could
result in the increase in  degradation kinetics observed.
                                     49

-------
                                  SECTION  5

                       WASTE TRANSFORMATION  EVALUATION
INTRODUCTION

     Federal  land  treatment regulations  identified  previously  (40  CFR Part
262.272)  include  transformation of  hazardous  constituents  as  an acceptable
treatment  mechanism  for  land-applied  wastes.   Transformation  of waste
constituents  for the  four  wastes  investigated  was evaluated through chemical
and  bioassay  techniques.   Transformation  was  evaluated  by determining  the
change  in toxicity of the  waste/soil  extract over time  of incubation in soil
as parent compounds  are  degraded  and intermediates are  formed.  The Microtox
toxicity assay was used to measure and compare the relative  acute toxicity of
the water soluble fraction (VISF) for  each  soil/waste mixture  through treatment
time.

     In  addition,  s^ice  many of the  parent  compounds  identified in all four
wastes  have been  identified  as mutagens  and  several  compounds  have  been
identified  as carcinogens,  the  Ames  mutagenicity assay also was  used  to
evaluate the  extent of transformation of the waste.  The Ames assay was used
to evaluate the soil/was*f  mixture at the  initiation and  at the  termination of
the study for each  waste and for the two  soils  used.   Using this assay, the
reductions in the mutagerucity of the waste/soil  mixtures were determined as a
function of treatment (incubation)  time.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

     The  bioassays  used   included  the Microtox  toxicity assay  and  the Ames
Salmonella mutagenicity  assay.   These assays were conducted as described in
Volume  1  of  this report with one modification  to the  Ames procedure.  One
mutagenicity  test was  performed per  extract of  each  soil/waste mixture with
triplicate  plates used  for each  dose.    Evaluations  of  acute toxicity and
potential mutagenicity are  based  on  the  information  given  previously
concerning that interpretation.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     Acute toxicity results of  the  WSF  of each  waste incubated  in the  Durant
clay loam soil are '--•••sented in Figures  2  through 5 for  low moisture  soil, and
in Figures  6 thrr    9  for  high  moisture soil.   For  the first  experimental
oeriod  cf approxi . . >:y  200 days, the  WSF toxicity of  API separator  sludge
 r,;reased with  in'.'Jial waste  loading rate,  as  well  as   with  incubation time.

                                     50

-------
      0


Figure 2.
           O 6% Load Rate
                    D12% Load Rate
                                A 9% Load Rate
20
60
80  100  120 140  160  180  200  220  240  260
        Time (days)
  Toxicity  of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox assay
  with  incubation  time  at  low moisture  content for  API  separator
  sludge mixed  with Durant clay loam  soil.   (EC50(5,15°) denotes the
  conditions  for the  test, i.e.,  reading  light  output 5  minutes
  after sample  addition  at  a temperature of  15°C.)
           08% Load Rate
                     D12% Load Rate
                                A14% Load Rale
LU
       0   20   40  60   80   100  120  140  160 180  200  220  240  260'
                                 Time (days)

Figure  3.   Toxicity of  water soluble  fraction measured by the Microtox assay
            with  incubation  time  at low  moisture content for  slop oil waste
            mixed with  Durant clay loam  soil.    (EC50  (5,15°)  denotes  the
            conditions  for the test,  i.e.,  reading light  output 5  minutes
            after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
                                      51

-------
           O 0.7% Load Rate
                    D 1.0% Load Rate
 A13% Load Rate
 o
 JS
 UJ
 UJ
       0    20  40   60   80  100  120  140  160  180  200 220  240  260
                                  Time (days)

Figure 4.    Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured  by the Microtox  assay
            with incubation  time  at low  soil  moisture  content  for creosote
            waste  mixed with Durant clay loam soil.   (EC50(5,15°) denotes the
            conditions for  the test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output  5  minutes
            after  sample  addition  at a  temperature  of 15°C.)
o
in
Figure 5.
           003% Load Rate
                   DO.5% Load Rate
A 0.7% Load Rate
           20   40
         60   80   100  120  140  160  180  200  220  240  260
                      Time (days)
Toxicity of wster  soluble  fraction measured  by the Microtox assay
with  incubation  time at low  soil  moisture content for  PCP waste
mixed with  Durant  clay  loam  soil.   (EC50(5,15°)  denotes  the
conditions for  the  test,  i.e., reading  light output  5 np;uies
after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
                                     52

-------
                    OM/M
Figure 6.
      0


Figure 7.
                                       DH/NR
             20
        40
       60
       80     100
       Time (days)
              120     140    160    160
Microtox  results  with incubation  time for  API  separator  sludge
waste reapplied to Durant clay loam  soil  at  -1 bar  soil  moisture.
(EC50(5,15°) denotes  the conditions  for  the test,  i.e.,  reading
light output 5 minutes after  sample addition at a  temperature  of
150C.)
                    OM/M
                                      OH/NR
 20
40
60
80     100
Time (days)
Microtox results with' incubation time for slop oil waste reapplied
to  Our art  clay loam soil  at  -1 bar  soil  moisture.   
-------
    40.
Figure 8.
                   OM/M
                                            OH/NR
             20
              40
60
80     100
Time (days)
120    140    160    180
      Microtox results with Incubation time for creosote waste reapplied
      to  Durant  clay loam soil  at  -1 bar  soil  moisture.   (EC50(5,15°)
      denotes the conditions  for the  test,  i.e., reading light output 5
      minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
 UJ
40

35.

30,

25.

20.

15

10.

 5

 0
 Figure 9.
                     OM/M
                                              OH/NR
              20
               40
  60
  80    100
  Time (days)
  120    HO    160    180
       Microtox  results  with incubation time for  PCP  waste reapplied to
       Ourant clay loam  soil  at  -1  bar  soil  moisture.   (EC50{5,15°)
       denotes the  conditions for  the  test, i.e.,  reading light output 5
       minutes after sample  addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
                                       54

-------
 The three waste loading rates "used appeared  to  reach  the  same  level  of
 toxicity (EC50  approximately 30 percent) by day 167.

     For API  waste in Durant soil  at  the  high loading  rate (12 percent waste
 wet-weight to soil dry-weight),  a  decrease  in toxicity was  observed  70 days
 after  initiating  the  second  200-day experiment  (Figure  6).   For  the medium
 load soil, reapplication of the medium loading resulted in gradual decrease in
 toxicity (Figure  6).

     For the  slop oil emulsion solids waste  in  Durant  soil, WSF  toxicity was
 apparent through  both  study periods  (Figures  3 and  7).   Transformation of the
 waste  is evident  at  day  129  (Figure 3),  however,  complete detoxification of
 the waste was not achieved.

     Wood preserving  wastes incubated  in  Durant clay  loam soil  demonstrated
 higher toxicity in the WSF extract than with  the petroleum wastes.   Creosote
 waste  in Durant  clay  loam soil  exhibited  initial  toxicity of  the  WSF,  and  a
 decrease in toxicity  during the  second period of incubation  (Figure 8).   PCP
 waste  demonstrated  a decrease  in WSF toxicity  at the  lowest  loading  rate
 during the first  experimental period (Figure 5)", and for the high  loading rate
 during the second  experimental  period (Figure 9).  Reloading PCP at  the medium
 rate resulted in  an  increase  in  the WSF  toxicity.   A pattern of  increasing
 toxicity followed  by decreasing toxicity of the WSF  extract is apparent during
 the second  experimental period (Figures 8 and 9).

     Acute toxicity  results  for  the  WSF  for the  four  wastes  incubated  in
 Kidman sandy  loam  soil are presented in Figures 10 through 13 for  low moisture
 soil  and Figures 14  through  17  for  high moisture  soil.   All  four  wastes
 exhibited trends  in  WSF toxicities similar to those  observed  for  the  Durant
 clay loam soil  during the first  experimental  period.   However,  all  WSFs are
 more toxic  than observed with the Durant soil.  Results  for the control  soils,
 i.e.,  Durant  soil and  Kidman  soil with no  waste  addition are given  in  the
 Appendix.   The  control  soils  without  waste  addition  did  not  exhibit  any
 Microtox  toxicity either initially or with  time of incubation.


 AMES ASSAY

     Mutagenic  potential was determined  for  each soil  without  waste  addition
 (controls), and for soil/waste mixtures for all  four wastes immediately after
 waste incorporation into soil  and  after approximately one  year (400  days)  of
 incubation.   The  highest  loading  rate  for  each  soil/waste combination  was
evaluated.  Results are presented in Figures  18 through  33.

     Results  for  the  Durant clay  loam soil  and  the Kidman  sandy  loam  soil
without   waste  addition   do  not  exhibit any  positive mutagenic  response.
Figures  indicating the  lack  of mutagenic  response  for  the control  soils are
presented  in  the  Appendix.  The mutagenic  ratio  of  approximately  one  for both
soils indicates that the number of  bacterial colonies growing  in  the  presence
of  the soil extract  was approximately the  same  as the  number growing  without
any soil   extract  addition.  Therefore,  the experimental soils  do not  exhibit
any mutagenicity over  the  range of soil  weight evaluated.
                                     55

-------
            O 6% Load Rate
                    D12% Load Rate
 A 9% Load Rate
Figure 10.
            20   40  60   80
                  100  120  140  160  180  200  220 240  260
                      Time (days)
Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox assay
with incubation  time  at low  moisture  content for  API separator
sludge mixed  with  Kidman sandy  loam  soil.   (EC50(5,15°) denotes
the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output 5 minutes
after sample addition  at a  temperature  of  15°C.)
            06% Load Rate
                    D8% Load Rate
A12% Load Rate
 UJ
              80  100  120 140  160  180  200  220  240  260
                      Time
           20   40   60
Figure 11.  Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox  assay
            with  incubation  time  at low moisture  content  for slop oil  waste
            mixed  with  Kidman  sandy loam  soil.    (EC50(5,15°)  denotes  the
            conditions for  the test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output  5  minutes
            after sample addition at a tenerature  of 15°C.)
                                      56

-------
 tf
 o
 in
 O
 UJ
     20.

     18.

     16.
10.
 8.
           00.4% Load Rate
                           D 0.7% Load Rate
A 1.0% Load Rate
Figure 12.
 8?
 £
 8
 a
      20   40   60   80  100  120  140  160  180  200 220  240  260
                             Time (days)
       Toxicity of water soluble fraction measured by the Microtox  assay
       with incubation  time  at low  soil  moisture  content  for creosote
       waste mixed with Kidman sandy loam  soil.   (EC50(5,15°)  denotes  the
       conditions  for  the  test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output  5  minutes
       after sample addition  at a  temperature of  15°C.)
           003% Load Rate
                          D 0.075% Load Rate
A 0.15% Load Rate
       0    20  40   60   80  100  120  140  160  180  200  220  240 260
                                  Time (days)

Figure 13.  Toxicity of water soluble  fraction measured  by the Microtox assay
            with incubation  time  at low  soil  moisture content for  PCP waste
            mixed  with  Kidman  sandy  loam  soil.   (EC50(5,15°)   denotes  the
            conditions  for  the test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output 5  minutes
            after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
                                      57

-------
 Ul
Figure 14.
$
o
UJ
35.

30.

25.

20,

15

10.

 5.

 0.
Figure 15.
               OM/M
               OH/NR
                               nL/H
                              AN/H
         20     40     60    80     100
                             Time (days)
       Microtox  results with  incubation  time for  API  separator  sludge
       waste  reapplied to  Kidman  sandy loam-soil  at  -1/3 bar soil
       moisture.  (EC50(5,15P) denotes the conditions for  the  test, i.e.,
       reading light output  5  minutes  after  sample  addition  at  a
       temperature of  15°C.)
              OM/M
              OH/NR
                                                   AN/H
             20
               40
60
80     100
Time (days)
120    140    160    180
        Microtox  results  with  incubation time for slop oil waste reapplied
        to Kidman sandy loam soil at -1/3 bar soil moisture.  (EC50(5,15°)
        denotes the conditions for  the test, i.e.,  reading light output 5
        minutes after  sample addition  at a temperaturt of 15°C.)
                                      58

-------
     40.

     35.

     30.

 g  25.

 o   2°-


     10.

      5

      0
Figure 16.
               OM/M
               OH/NR
                        DIM
                             AN/H
              20
         40
60
80     100
Time (days)
120    140    160    180
Microtox results with incubation time for creosote waste reapplied
to Kidman sandy loam soil at -1/3 bar soil moisture.  (EC50(5,15°)
denotes the conditions  for  the  test,  i.e.,  reading light output 5
minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
Figure 17.
                OM/M
                OH/NR
                         DL/H
                              AN/H
              20
         40
60
80     100
Time (days)
120    140
180
Microtox results  with incubation time for  PCP  waste  reapplied to
Kidman  sandy  loam soil at  -1/3  bar soil moisture.   (EC50(5,15°)
denotes the conditions for  the test,  i.e.,  reading light output 5
minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
                                      59

-------
                                        LEGEND
                                        • TA-81
                                        O TA-SBnlthout S9
                3   290  BOO  T90 WOO  I29O  IBOO ITBO 20OO 225O 2900 2TBO 3000
                                    60        70
                                      ing toil/plait
                                                       100
                                                                 129
Figure  18.  Ames  assay  results  for  12%  API  separator  sludge  in  Durant  clay
             loam  soil  immediately after  waste incorporation  into  soil.
             2.0-1
             0.0
                          ftOO       1000        IBOO
                                     DOSE lpg/ptai»)
                                                        cooo
                                                                   MOO
 I
29
                                                   too
                                                            129
                                  1O       79
                                      mg toll/plow
Figure 19.   Ames assay results  for  12%  API  separator  sludge  in  Durant clay
              loam soil  after 400 days incubation.
                                          60

-------
             2.0-1
              19-
           u
           5
           o

           §
1.0-
             0.9-
             0.0
                        BOO
                I
                o
                         29
                                LEGEND
                                • TA-9B Mllli S9
                                O TA- 98 •llheut 1
                                 1000      1500
                                     DOSE
                                                  2000
                                                           2900
                                                                   aooo
                     I
                    90
                             79
                         mg toil/plata
100
         129
Figure  20.  Ames assay results for  12%  API  separator sludge in  Kidman  sandy
             loam soil  immediately after waste incorporation  into soil.
             2.0-
            O

            K
            O

            I
1.9-
              1.0-
              0.9-
             0.0
                                LEGEND
                                • T»-98«llhS9
                                o Tft-96 without 39
                        —I—
                         900
                    1000     1900
                        DOSE
                                     COOO
                                             —I—
                                              2900
                                                      MOO
                                                    100
                                                             129
                O        29       90       T8
                                       rag toll/plate
Figure 21.  Ames  assay results  for  12% API  separator  sludge  in Kidman  sandy
             loam  soil  after 400  days incubation.
                                           61

-------
               4-,
               3-
             K
             I
                                 LEGEND
                                 • TA-9e>llliS»
                                 O TA-96 without S9
                          1000
                                    2000

                                      DOSE
                                               WOO
                                                         400O
                                                                   eooo
                             I
                            25
 I
50
 \
75
                                                                100
                                       ing toil/plot*
Figure  22.  Ames  assay  results  for  14% slop  oil  in  Durant  clay  loam  soil
             immediately  after waste  incorporation in soil.
              2.9-1
              2.0-
                        LECENO
                        • TA-9
                        O TA-DB*llhMt SO
            u
            «t 1.0 H
              0.8-
                         1000
                                 2OOO     9000
                                      DOSE
                                                  40OO
                                                           9OOO
                                                                   6OOO
                                                    IOC!
                                                             125
                 0       29       90       TO
                                       mg soil/plat*

 Figure 23.   Ames  as:3y results for  14% slop oil  in Durant clay  loam soil  after
              400 days incubation.

                                           62

-------
              6-1
              9-
            2 *'
            111
            2 «-
                        LECEHD
                        • TA-9B Mini 89
                        O TA-98Bltko«t S9
                      BOO    1000   1900    2000   2900    30OO   3800   4000
                                     DOSE (pg/plat«)
                                          90
                                       mg Mil/Plata
                                                      79
                                                                   IOO
Figure 24.   Anes  assay  results for   12%  slop  oil  in  Kidman  sandy loam  soil
              immediately after  waste incorporation into  soil.
              Z.Q-1
              1.0-
             0.8-
             O.O
                        LE8EMO
                        •  TA-ge«l«lS9
                        O  TA-9B •llhoirt S»
                         	1	1	T—
                          IOOO        20OO       WOO
                                      DOSE (/ig/plat«)
4000
           0000
                                     SO         TO
                                       mg Mil/plat*
                                                          IOO
                                                                     129
Figure 25.   Ames  assay results  for  12%  slop  oil  in  Kidman sandy  loam  soil
              after 400 days  incubation.
                                           63

-------
                                                    TA-99»HI>99
                                                  O TA-99wllt"V 39
                            290
                                         900
                                    DOSE (jig/plate)
                                                      790
                                                                  1000
                         90
                                   100        190
                                     mg sell/plaU
                                                       200
                                                                290
Figure  26.  Ames  assay  results  for  1.3% creosote  sludge  in  Durant clay loam
             soil  immediately after waste incorporation into  soil.
              6-1
              9-
                    UEOENO
                    • T»-9B«lthS9
                    O T*-9B»lthcut 89
                          ao
                                    «0        90
                                    DOSE (p«/plat«)
                                                         120
                                                                   190
                I
                0
                          29
                                                         100
                                                                   129
                                    90        T9
                                      mg wll/plait
Figure  27.  Ames assay results for  1.3%  creosote  sludge  in  Durant  clay  loam
             soil after 400 days of incubation.
                                          64

-------
            ac
            22-
                                                LEGEMD

                                                •  T*-98«imSB
                                                O  TA-9B»llhout 89
                         90
100        ISO
DOSE (ftg/plati)
                                                        zoo
                                   too        no
                                     mg toil/plait
                                                       zoo
                                                                 250
Figure  28.  Ames  assay results  for  1.0% creosote sludge in  Kidman  sandy  loam
             soil  immediately after  waste incorporation  into soil.
             2.9-1
                       LEGEND
                       •  TA-98 with 89
                       O  TA-98 •llbeul 88
             0.9-
             0.0
                            30
     6O
 DOSE (p«/plata
                                                      90
                                                                    120
                                    90        TB
                                      mg toil /plate
                                                         too
                                                                    125
Figure  29.  Ames  assay  results  for  1.0%  creosote  in  Kidman  sandy loam soil
             after 400  days of  incubation.
                                          65

-------
              9-1
I?  /
                                               LECEND
                                               • TA-98 •Ith SS
                                               O TA-98«tlhoul S9
                        90
                                 100      ISO

                                    DOSE
                                                 200
                                                          290
                                                                  300
                               SO
                                               too
                                                       125
                                                               no
                                     mg
Figure  30.   Ames  assay results for  0.7%  pehtachlorophenol   sludge  in  Durant
             clay  loam soil  immediately after waste  incorporation  into  soil.
             3.9-1
             S.O-
             2.8-
              1.0
             0.9 H
             0.0
        LEGEND
        • T*-a
        O T«-B6 wllDnt S9
                          80
                    too         no
                    DOSE tft«/Piatal
                                                        zoo
                                                                   zso
                            so
                        too
                      mg toll/plate
                                                     ISO
                                                                 200
Figure 3i.   Ames  assay  results  for  0.7%  pentachlorophenol  sludg-.   in  Durant
              clay loam  soil after 400 days  incubation.
                                          66

-------
          LECEMD
          • TA-9B «llhS9
          O TA-98 wllheut 39
              10
                        ZO
                        DOSE
                                  SO
                                            40
           29
                   BO
                                          ies
                                                  ISO
                                       TS      100
                                      mg •oil/plota
Figure 32.  Ames  assay results  for 0.3%  pentachlorophenol  sludge  in  Kidman
             sandy loam soil  immediately  after waste  incorporation  into soil.
4.6-
2.0-
0.8-
0.0
      LEGEND
      •  T* -98 •Ilk 89
      O  TA-98wllhoul S»
            10
                    eo       so
                        DOSE
                                     4O
                                             SO
                                                      60
               BO
                                         IBO
                                                     200
                                         IOO
                                      mg •oil/ploiB
Figure  33.  Ames  assay  results for  0.3% pentachlorophenol  sludge  in  Kidman
             sandy  loam soil  after 400 days of incubation.
                            67

-------
     A  postive mutagenic  potential  (mutagenic  ratio  greater than  2.5) was
observed for both oetroleum wastes in Durant clay loam soil  immediately  after
waste  incorporate.'!  into soil  (Figures  18  and 22).   With  Kidman sandy  loam
soil only  slop  oil  emulsion  solids exhibited an initial mutagenicity  (Figure
24).  Mutagenic activity was  not observed in  any petroleum waste/soil extracts
after  400  days of  treatment  (Figures  19,  21,  23, and  25),  indicating  a
detoxification pathway in the soils for  these wastes.

     For the wood preserving  wastes,  positive mutagenic potential  was observed
for both wastes in Durant clay loam soil  immediately after waste incorporation
into soil  (Figures  26 and 30).    With  Kidman  sandy loam  soil  only creosote
waste  exhibited  an  initial mutagenicity (Figure 28).    A  positive mutagenic
potential  was observed after  400 days of treatment for  both wood preserving
wastes incubated  in  Durant clay  loam soil   at  the highest  loading  rates
(Figures 27  and 31).   No positive  mutagenic  potential  was  detected  in PCP
waste  incubated in  Kidman  sandy loam soil  at 0.3 percent loading  (Figures 32
and 33).  For the creosote waste in Kidman  sandy loam soil, mutagenic activity
was  not  evident  after  400  days  of   treatment  (Figure  29),   indicating
detoxification of creosote waste in Kidman  sandy loam soil.

     It  is difficult to compare  Durant  clay loam  soil to  Kidman sandy  loam
soil with respect to mutagenicity reduction efficiency  since  the loading  rates
were different  for  the  two  soils for three of the four  wastes  studied for
mutagenicity.


SUMMARY

     Microtox assay results indicated that  transformation of  hazardous  organic
constituents occurred in all  waste soil  combinations  evaluated.   An increase
in WSF toxicity was observed  for  all waste/soil  mixtures evaluated during the
first  experimental  period, and  a decrease  in  WSF toxicity was generally
observed during the  second experimental  period.

     Results obtained from transformation evaluations using the Microtox  assay
agree  with  "bservations  from the  bioassay comparative study reported  in the
Loading Rat.  Evaluation  Section,  Volume  1.  The  Microtox assay again proved to
be an extremely sensitive assay which may not correlate with  gross degradation
indicators such as  respiration  studies,  and  therefore should  not be   used to
positively identify an actual  loading rate  at  which soil biodegradation  will
be inhibited.  Loading rates actually used in the study were generally higher
than those  suggested  as  a result  of  using the  Microtox  assay in the  initial
loading rate studies.  The rationale  for  selection of higner  loading rates was
the confirmation that biodegradation occurred,  as evidenced  by carbon  dioxide
evolution  and by  other  metabolic  activity studies, at  higher loading rates.
However, since WSF toxicity results indicated that transformation  of the  waste
occurred for  all  waste/soil  combinations,  and  that  the   WSF  may  contain
hazardous intermediate products,  it may  be  concluded that lower loading rates,
i.e., rates closer  to the ones initially  indicated based  on Microtox assay,
results should be used in future studies  if the  treatment criterion desired is
complete detoxification  of the waste-soil mixture.
                                      68

-------
     Results  from  mutagenicity  evaluations for  soil  detoxification of
petroleum refinery wastes  indicated a reduction from mutagenic  to nonmutagenic
activity with  treatment  time for API separator sludge in  Durant clay loam  soil
and for slop oil emulsion  solids incubated  in Durant clay loam and in Kidman
sandy  loam  soils.   Wood  preserving  wastes,  however, were  not  rendered
nonmutagenic after 400  days of  soil  incubation  in Durant clay  loam  soil at
waste  loading  rates  of  1.3  percent  and 0.7  percent  for creosote  and  PCP
wastes, respectively.  However, no mutagenicity was detected at a loading  rate
of 0.3 percent  PCP waste  in Kidman sandy loam soil, and the initial  positive
mutagenic potential for a loading rate  of  1.0  percent  creosote  waste  was
reduced to a nonmutagenic  level with a treatment  time of  400 days.

     These results indicate the importance of waste loading and site selection
and  management  for  land  treatment  units receiving  hazardous  wastes.
Treatability studies can provide valuable information concerning  selection of
loading  rates  and the production  of  intermediate products  in  soil-waste
mixtures that  may require careful site management.
                                     69

-------
                                 SECTION 6

                       WASTE  IMMOBILIZATION EVALUATION
INTRODUCTION
     Mobility  includes  the  downward transport, or  leaching  potential, and
upward  transport,  or  volatilization  potential   of waste  constituents.
Transport is  evaluated in  order  to  ensure  that treatment  (degradation,
transformation,  or  immobilization)  will  occur  in  the treatment  zone.   The
transport potential  for  waste  constituents  to  migrate  or partition from the
waste to  water,  air,  and/or  soil  phases  will  be  affected by  the relative
affinity of  the waste constituents  for each  phase.    Approaches  to the
evaluation of the mobility of  a waste in this study included laboratory column
studies and laboratory partition studies to determine partition coefficients.

     Laboratory column  studies were  conducted  in  order  to evaluate the
integrated toxicity  of leachate   produced  in  short  (50  cm)  column  studies
containing the experimental  soils  and  wastes.   The  purpose for using  short
columns  was  to   evaluate the "potential"  for separation  and  transport of
toxicity  in  the  WSF  (leachate),  not  for predicting  or evaluating the
likelihood of generating toxic leachates  from  the downward  transport of  water
through the  5  ft waste  treatment  zone.   Trie  water  loading for all  columns
exceeded the 100 year flood  event  by a factor of 4 for anywhere  in  the United
States.

     Studies  were  also  conducted  to  develop  and  evaluate  preliminary
techniques and approaches to determining  partition  coefficient.   The relative
affinity or  distribution of  waste constituents among the  four  environmental
phases  identified  previously,  i.e., waste,  water,  air,  and  soil,  may be
quantified by determining distribution or  partition  coefficients.   Partition
coefficients are  defined and evaluated as follows:

     K   _ constituent(s) concentration in^aste or oil phase
      0      constituent(s) concentration in aqueous phase

     ..   _ constituent(s) concentration in the soil  phase
      d  ~ constituents) concentration in aqueous phase

     K   _ constituent(s) concentration in the air phase
      n  ~ constituent(s) concentration in aqueous phase
     K   _ constituent(s) concentration in the air phase
      ao ~ constituent!s) concentration in aqueous phase

Constituent-specific partition coefficients can be used  as input  parameters
for the proposed  treatment zone model for  soil  processes  (Appendix  B),  along

                                     70

-------
with  degradation  data, for  evaluating  the  fate  and  transport  of  hazardous
constituents in soil systems.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

Column Studies

     Column  studies were performed  to  evaluate  immobilization  potential  of
waste  based  on  the  Microtox™  toxicity  of  leachate  samples.    Duplicate
laboratory columns were prepared for each  waste-soil  combination  (4 wastes x 2
soils x  2 replicates  =  16  columns), and  immobilization  was evaluated under
saturated  soil  conditions immediately  after waste  incorporation  into  soil
(initial   study).    Waste-soil  mixtures  which had  been incubated  for  1 year
under high  soil  moisture conditions  (-1/3 to  -1  bar) were  also  applied  to
another set of columns (4 wastes x  2  soils  x 1  replicate  =  8  columns).  Since
degradation  studies and  Microtox  system  results  had  indicated general  PAH
degradation  and  transformation after 1 year of soil  treatment  at high soil
moisture, it was considered  important to evaluate the immobilization  potential
of waste  where transformation  of intermediate "degradation products are likely
present.

     Glass columns  (50 cm x  5 cm  I.D.)  fitted with  glass frits  and teflon
stopcocks were used for  the  studies.   The columns were packed  to  35 cm with
air-dried Durant clay  loam or  Kidman  sand loam  (= 662  g soil for  Durant clay
loam and  912  g for  Kidman sandy  loam).   For the  initial  study, wastes were
incorporated into the  top 8 cm (147 g for  Durant  soil;  195  g  for Kidman soil)
at the high rates  determined  for  each soil:waste  combination.   Initially the
columns were gravimetric ally back-fed  with deionized  water in  order to replace
the  air  from  pore  spaces with water.  Water was then  allowed  to  percolate
through  the  columns with the  leachate collected  at the bottom.   Water  was
continuously added to the top of each column, with an 8 cm  head maintained by
a tube allowing any excess water to drain  off.  The  flow  rate for  each column
was  adjusted  to  allow for  collection of  one pore  volume  (determined  to be
approximately 300 ml for  both soils) per day.

     In  the  second  study,  one column  was  prepared  for  each  soilrwaste
combination.   Column preparation  was identical  to  that of  the  initial study
except  that  the   amount  of  the  Kidman  soil:waste mixtures   used  was
approximately 75  percent  (by weight) less  than was  used in the first  study.

     Leachate  samples, collected  as column  pore  volumes,  were  analyzed  for
toxicity using the Microtox  toxicity system.


Partition Coefficient Determination

Experimental  Procedure—

     Partition coefficients  among  waste, water,  and air phases were determined
for several major components  (PAHs  and volatile  aromatic hydrocarbons) of each
waste.   Figure 34  shows  the   sample preparation and analysis scheme for the
                                      71

-------
r\>
   Analyze by    I .
Purge and Trap Gr  f
Volatile Fraction
Hethanol Extract
          Analyze by
          CC or HPLC
                      CH2Cl2 Extractable
                          Fraction
                                                   Volatile
                                                   Fraction
                                                               Analyze by
                                                               GC or MPLC
                                                              Extract with
                                                                  Soil
I!
                                  : Water =£: Air
                                                                                      Sample with Gas
                                                                                      Tight Syringe
                                                                                                     Analyze by Direct
                                                                                                       Injection GC
                                                                CHjClj  Extractable
                                                                    Fraction
                                                 Purge and Trap
                                                      GC
                                                                    Analyze by
                                                                    GC or IIPLC
    Figure 34.   Sample  preparation  and analysis scheme  for  the determination of KH,  KQ,  and  K

-------
determination of the partition coefficients.  Due to the low water solubility
of  the  major constituents  of concern,  it  was  not  possible  to determine
soil/water partition coefficient  (KQ)  for the complex wastes.
     A partition coefficient was calculated  for  evaluating the distribution of
constituents between the waste  (or oil) and air phases (K0-j).  This partition
coefficient may be used to  assess  the  relative  affinity  of a constituent for
the air  phase  in the presence  of  a waste  (oil)  phase.   Kpi  therefore is an
indicator of the extent of volatilization  from the waste  (oil) phase.

     Ten grams  waste  (wet weight)  and 75  ml  distilled deionized water (DDW)
were  added  to  150 ml  glass bottles  with  scalable top  (see Figure  35)  the
bottles  were  sealed  with  an  aluminum cap and  teflon-lined septa  and  then
placed in  a  rotary shaker at 30 rpm for 24 hrs.   After  shaking, the bottles
were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 30 min.   Three  distinct  phases were observed.

     The headspace  was sampled  (1 to 4  ml)  with  a  gas-tight  syringe  and
analyzed by direct  injection  gas  chromatography (GC) with  flame ionization
detector .

     Three  aliquots  of the  aqueous  phase  were  taken immediately  after  the
headspace sample.  One aliquot was  used to determine the  volatile constituents
in the aqueous  phase using the purge and trap GC method.  A second aliquot was
extracted with  CHC12  and  analyzed  by GC  or HPLC  to determine the nonvolatile
extractable constituents.   A third aliquot was equilibrated with  soil  in  a
separate glass  container  for  the determination  of Kn,.   After equilibrium the
soil  was  extracted  with  CHzC^  and the concentration  of  constituents
determined by GC or HPLC analysis.

     Two aliquots of  the  waste sample were also  taken.  The methanol extract
of  one  aliquot  was  analyzed by  purge  and  trap  GC to  determine  the
concentration of volatile constituents. The second aliquot was extracted with
CH2Clg and  the  concentration  of nonvolatile constituents determined by GC or
HPLC.

     Partition coefficients between water  and  soil, air,  and  waste phases were
calculated from the experimentally determined  concentrations  in each  phase.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     Results for  laboratory column studies for  soils without waste  addition
(control columns) are presented in Table 37.  All leachate samples taken were
nontoxic using  the  Microtox  assay.    Results  for laboratory column  studies
conducted immediately after initial waste  incorporation into  soil  for  all four
wastes and for  the two  experimental soils  are presented  in Figures  36 through
39.   Leachate   generated,  which amounted  to  15  column  volumes,  for  columns
containing  the petroleum  refining  waste  exhibited  nontoxic  or  very  low
toxicity values immediately after waste  incorporation  (Figures  36   and 37).
This  was observed  for  the Durant clay loam  soil and the  Kidman sandy  loam
soil.

                                      73

-------
                Aluminum Ring
                       Waste
Tenon™ Lined Rubber Septa
                                                  125 ml Glass Hypo Viol
                                               Aqueous Phase
Figure 35.     Apparatus for partitioning experiments.
             TABLE 37.   MICROTOX  BIOASSAY  EVALUATION OF  LABORATORY
                        COLUMN LEACHATE FOR CONTROL SOIL
Volume of
Leachate
(columns volumes)
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Durant Clay Loam
EC50(5,15°)* (vol%)
NT+
NT
NT
NT
NA#
NT
NT
NT
Kidman Sandy Loam
EC50(5,15<>) (vol
NT
NT
NT
NT
NA
NT
NT
NT
*)








  *EC50(5,15°) denotes  the  conditions  for  the test,  i.e.,  reading light output
   5 minutes  after  sample addition at  a temperature  of 15°C.
  +NT =  no  apparent toxic effect.
      =  no  analysis.
                                       74

-------
     120
     100.
  o   60-
  8
  UJ
      40.
      20.
           012% Sep Sludge in Durant Clay   012% Sep Sludge in Kidman Sandy Loam
               -I-
                2
             4       6       8      10      12
               Volume of Leachate (column volumes)
14
16
Figure 36.
     120

     100


  g   80

  -   60
  8
  Immobilization  of  API  separator  sludge  waste as  determined by
  Microtox  bioassay evaluation  of laboratory column  leachate
  immediately  after  waste  incorporation  into soil.    (EC50(5,15°)
  denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output 5
  minutes after sample addition  at  a  temperature  of  15°C.)

014% Slop Oil in Durant Clay Loam   012% Slop Oil in Kidman Sandy Loam
  O
  01
      40
      20.
                               6       8      10      12
                         Volume of Leachate (column volumes)
                                                   14
        16
 Figure  37.   Immobilization  of slop oil emulsion solids waste as determined  by
             Microtox  bioassay  evaluation of laboratory  column  leachate
             immediately  after  waste  incorporation  into  soil.    (EC50(5,15°)
             denotes  the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output  5
             minutes  after sample  addition  at a  temperature of 15°C.)
                                       75

-------
     120
         01.3% Creosote in Durant Clay Loam  01.0% Creosote in Kidman Sandy Loam
    100
 3?  80
 •5
 o  60
 in
 O
 UJ
     40
      20.
                       4       6       8       10      12
                         Volume of Leachale (column volumes)
14
16
Figure 38.  Immobilization  of  creosote  waste  as  determined  by  Microtox
            bioassay  evaluation  of  laboratory  column  leachate  immediately
            after  waste  incorporation  into  soil.   (EC50(5,15°)  denotes  the
            conditions for  the  test,  i.e., reading  light output  5 minutes
            after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
     120
           O0.7% PCP in Durant Clay Loam      O0.3% PCP in Kidman Sandy Loam
  o
  8
  01
     100.
      60.
      40 J
      20.
                       4       6       8      10      12
                         Volume of Leachate (column volumes)
 14
 16
Figure 39.  Immobilization  of PCP  waste as  determined by  Microtox bioassay
            evaluation of  laboratory column  leachate  immediately after waste
            incorporation  into  soil.   (EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for
            the  test,  i.e.,  reading light  output  5  minutes  after  sample
            addition at a temperature of 15°C.)
                                       76

-------
     Leachate generated in the creosote loaded columns exhibited very  low  or
nontoxic values for the Durant soil (Figure 38).    However,  leachate  from the
Kidman soil  exhibited  a toxic  response  in every sample analyzed.

     Leachate  generated  in  the  PCP  loaded  columns  exhibited  different
responses which  appeared  to  be a function of  the  soil  properties.  For the
Durant clay loam soil, leachate was not observed  to exhibit  Microtox  toxicity
through  the  first  7 column volumes;  however,  subsequent  leachate had
relatively toxic  EC50 values  for  leachate samples  from column  volumes   9
through 15.   For the  Kidman sandy loam soil, leachate from the first  7  column
volumes exhibited Microtox toxicity; however, subsequent leachate exhibited  no
toxicity after the 9th column volume.   Therefore, the behavior of the columns
with respect to Microtox toxicity was opposite and appeared to  be  related  to
the soil type.   However,  it  is possible  that  the different  toxicity  patterns
may have been related  to the  different  PCP  loading rates used for the  two  soil
types (Figure 39).

     Results for leachates generated from laboratory column  studies initiated
after approximately one year  of treatment for  all four  wastes  and for the two
experimental  soils  are presented in  Figures 40 through 43.   Leachates  from the
petroleum waste columns containing Durant  clay loam  soil  were generally  less
toxic than from columns containing Kidman sandy loam soil  (Figures 40  and  41).
Leachate from the wood preserving  waste columns (Figures 42  and 43) generally
exhibited higher  Microtox  toxicity  values  than  the  petroleum wastes  even
though the loading  rates  were an order of magnitude smaller.   Creosote  column
leachate generally exhibited  lower  toxicity than leachate collected  from the
PCP column.   Also,  similar to the  results obtained immediately after  waste
incorporation into  soil for the PCP  waste columns, leachate generated  from the
column containing Durant  soil  generally exhibited  lower toxicity than  leachate
generated from the  column  containing Kidman sandy loam.

     Results for partition coefficients for the distribution between waste and
water  (K0)   for  the  PAH  constituents  for  the four  wastes investigated are
presented in Table 38.  Values for K0  indicated very high partitioning  of PAH
constituents  into  all waste,  as  expected.   K0  values  were highest for API
separator sludge waste,  which were similar to octanolrwater  (Kow) partition
coefficients.  Due  to the extremely low concentrations of  PAH  constituents  in
the  aqueous  phase,  it  was  not  feasible to measure Kp  values  for  these
constituents  experimentally  using  the  procedure  described.   Also, only
naphthalene  could be detected in the air  phase in sufficient concentration  to
determine a  partition  coefficient between air and  water, and their values  were
included in  results  for volatile constituents.

     Results for partition coefficients for volatile  constituents in  the  four
wastes  are  presented in Tables  39 through 42.   Partition coefficients
evaluated included  Kn  (air/water), K0  (oil/water)  for the petroleum  wastes,  KQ
(waste/water)  for  the  wood  preserving wastes, and  Kao  (air/waste).  The
constituents have the greatest  affinity  for the waste,  as  indicated  by the
high values  for K0  and Kao compared with  Kn.   Concentrations  of constituents
were generally  in  the  ratio  of  1:10:10,000  for air:water:oil phases for
constituents identified in petroleum  waste except  for  benzene (1:2:5000)  and
for  naphthalene (1:150:100,000).    For  the  wood  preserving  wastes
                                     77

-------
    120.
    100.
 I  *«
 8
 "J  40.
     20.
         012% Sep Sludge in Durant Clay Loam D12% Sep Sludge in Kidman Sandy Loam
Figure 40.
                       23456
                         Volume of Leachate (column volumes)
                                                          8
 Immobilization  of API  separator  sludge  waste  as  determined  by
 Microtox  bioassay evaluation  of  laboratory  column  leachate  352
 days  after waste  incorporation  into  soil.   (EC50{5,15°)  denotes
 the conditions  for the test, i.e., reading light output  5  minutes
 after sample addition  at a temperature of  15°C.)
     120
     100.


 
-------
     120
         01.3% Creosote in Durant Clay.Loam  n 1.0% Creosote in Kidman Sandy Loam
     100.
 2
 O
      40.


      20
        012345678
                         Volume of Leachate (column volumes)
 Figure  42.   Immobilization  of  creosote  waste  as determined  by  Microtox
             bioassay evaluation of  laboratory column  leachate 361 days  after
             waste  incorporation  into  soil.    (EC50(5,15°)  denotes the
             conditions  for  the  test,  i.e., reading  light  output  5  minutes
             after sample addition at a temperature of  15°C.)
     120
     100.
      40.


      20.
           O 0.7% PCP in Durant Clay Loam      D 03% PCP in Kidman Sandy Loam
                       23456
                         Volume of Leachate (column volumes)
8
Figure 43.  Immobilization of  PCP  waste  as  determined by  Microtox bioassay
            evaluation of  laboratory column  leachate  334 days  after  waste
            incorporation into soil.  (EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for
            the test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output  5  minutes  after  sample
            addition at a temperature of  15°C.)
                                      79

-------
                            TABLE 38.  WASTE/WATER (K0) PARTITION COEFFICIENTS FOR PAH
                                           CONSTITUENTS  IN FOUR WASTES
00
                            PLI  Sludge Waste
Creosote Sludge
     Waste
      API
Separator Sludge
   Slop Oil
Emulsion Sol ids

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Ben zo ( k)f 1 uoranthene
Benzol ajpyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenzf a, h) anthracene
Indeno|l,2,3)pyrene
KO
2,700
9,900
7,500
29,200
9,500
11,200

11,400
12,500
6,000
4,000


3,900
log K0
3.44
4.00
3.88
4.47
3.98
4.05

4.06
4.10
3.78
3.62


3.600
KO
3,800
34,700
3,400
81,800
17,900
700

70,500
13,700
17,900
17,600

5,300

log K0
3.58
4.54
3.53
4.91
4.25
2.84

4.85
4.14
4.25
4.25

3.73

KO
3,400
33,100

102,000
101,000
134,000
118,000
110,000

116,000



214,000
log K0
3.53
4.52

5.01
5.00
5.13
5.07
5.04

5.06



5.33
KO
1,500
18,600
22,300
23,700
22,700
25,200
26,400
20,300






log K0
3.19
4.27
4.35
4.36
4.36
4.40
4.42
•
3 1







-------
                 TABLE 39.   PARTITION COEFFICIENTS FOR VOLATILE COMPOUNDS  IN API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE
00
Concentration

Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
p-xylene
m-xylene
o-xylene
Napthalene
Air
(lig/D
1,700
1,200
200
230
590
240
4
Water
(iig/1)
4,000
10,000
800
4,100
3,400
3,100
900
in
Waste
(mg/kg)
4,300
5,300
2,500
3,400
8,000
3,300
1,900
Kh (air/water)
Kh
0.44
0.11
0.25
0.06
0.18
0.08
4.3xlO-3
log Kh
-0.36
-0.94
-0.60
-1.25
-0.76
-1.13
-2.36
Kn (oil /water)
K0
1,100
500
3,200
800
2,400
1,000
2,200
loq K0
3.03
2.72
3.50
2.92
3.38
3.02
3.35
Kan (air/waste)
^ao
4.05xlO'4
2.19xlO-4
8.03xlO-5
6.80xlO-5
7.35x10-5
7.09x10-5
1.94x10-6
log K
-3.39
-3.66
-4.10
-4.17
-4.13
-4.15
-5.71

-------
               TABLE 40.  PARTITION COEFFICIENTS FOR VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS

Concentration

Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
p-xylene
m-xylene
o-xylene
Napthalene
Air
(yg/D
750
780
230
260
760
280
9
Water
(lig/1)
850
10,400
3,800
5,300
15,200
6,800
1,400
in
Waste
(mg/kg)
4,600
2,800
3,600
4,100
10,400
4,390
1,130
Kh (air/ water)
Kh
0.88
7.5x10-2
5.9xlO-2
4.8x10-2
5.0x10-2
4.2x10-2
6.6xlO-3
log Kn
-0.06
-1.12
-1.23
-1.32
-1.30
-1.38
-2.18
Kn (oil
KO
5,400
275
900
800
700
600
800
1 /water)
log K0
3.73
2.44
2.97
2.89
2.84
2.81
2.90
Kao (air/waste)
Kao
1.6xlO-4
2.7xlO-4
6.3xlO-5
6.2x10-5
7.2x10-5
6.5x10-5
8.4xlO-6
log K
-3.79
-3.56
-4.20
-4.21
-4.14
-4.19
-5.08
00
rv>

-------
TABLE 41.  PARTITION COEFFICIENTS FOR VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL WASTE SLUDGE

Concentration

Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
p-xylene
m-xylene
o-xylene
m Napthalene
Co
Air
(vg/1)
5.35
8.05
3.07
5.20
6.11
2.68
90.5
Water
(ug/D
146.4
232
58.2
71.2
94.1
64.6
11,600
in
Waste
(mg/kg)
27.76
22.06
9700
Kh (air/water) KQ (waste/water)
Kh
3.7xlO-2
3.5xlO-2
5.3xlO-2
7.3x10-2
6.5x10-2
4.1x10-2
7.8xlO-3
log Kn K0
-1.44
-1.46
-1.28
-1.14
-1.19 4,500
-1.38 8,200
-2.11 107,000
log K0
3.7
3.9
5.0
Kao (air/waste)
Kao
2.20xlO-4
1. 21xlO-4
9. 35xlO-6
log K
-3.6J6
-3.92
-5.03

-------
TABLE 42.   PARTITION COEFFICIENTS FOR  VOLATILE  COMPOUNDS  IN  CREOSOTE  WASTE  SLUDGE
Concentration in

Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
p-xylene
m-xylene
o-xylene
Napthalene
Air
(ng/i)
0.42
1.10
0.61
2.53
1.50
0.79
50.95
Water

-------
concentrations of constituents were generally in the ratio of 1:10:10,000 for
air:water:waste  phases  except for  naphthalene  (1:100:100,000).    Therefore,
results of  partition  coefficient  studies for the four  wastes  indicate a two
and five log increase in concentration  from  air  to water and from air to waste
(oil) phases, respectively.


SUMMARY

     Immobilization of  hazardous  waste  as  measured  by the  Microtox  assay of
laboratory column  leachates  indicated  that  little toxicity was  exhibited by
leachates from petroleum wastes incubated at the high loading rates in Durant
clay  loam  soil  and  in  Kidman  sandy loam  soil.   Leachates produced  from
creosote and PCP loaded columns exhibited definitive levels of toxicity,  thus
indicating the potential for generation  of WSF extract toxicity that should be
considered  when  determining waste  loading  rates  for the  experimental  soils
used.

     Differences in  the two  experimental  soils that may be related  to  the
immobilization of  toxic constituents in PCP  wastes  may  be  characterized in
terms of soil  pH and  soil  organic matter.   At the pH of  the  Durant  soil  and
Kidman  soil,  6.6  and  7.9,  respectively,  PCP  is  expected  to  be  in  the
dissociated, ionized form since  these  pH values are above  the  pKa value for
PCP.    PCP  is  known   to  be  toxic to the  Microtox  organisms;  sodium
pentachlorophenate is used  as a standard for calibrating  the  Microtox.   PCP
would be expected to be  more dissociated, and therefore more water  soluble, in
the  leachate  from the  Kidman soil.   Also, the  Kidman  soil  contains  less
organic matter (0.5 percent)  than  the  Durant  soil  (2.88  percent).   Since
organic matter content  is  related to the capacity of a soil  to  sorb  organic
chemicals,  it  is expected that the Durant  soil would  be more  efficient at
treatment, i.e., immobilization of  PCP, than Kidman soil.  Thus  the  observed
differences between leachate toxicities from the Durant soil  and Kidman  soil
columns may  be due to  soil  characteristics including  pH  and  organic matter
content.

     Partition coefficients  that  were determined for  PAH  and  volatile
constituents of all four wastes indicated highest partitioning of constituents
into the oil or waste  phase.   Relative concentrations between water and oil or
waste phases for PAH constituents  were generally 1:1000 to 1:100,000, with the
higher  ratios observed  for the  petroleum  wastes.   Relative  concentrations
among air:water:waste (oil)  phases  for volatile constituents  were generally
1:100:100,000.   The oil  or waste phase demonstrated greatest partitioning for
both semivolatile  and   volatile  constituents  present  in  all  four  wastes
evaluated.
                                     85

-------
                                 REFERENCES


Bulman,  T.  L.,  S.  Lesage, P.  J.  A. Fowles,  and  M.  D.  Webber.    1985.   The
     persistence of  polynuclear  aromatic hydrocarbons in  soil.   PACE Report
     No. 85-2,  Petroleum Assoc.  for  Conservation  of the  Canadian  Environ.
     Ottawa, Ontario.

Jury, W.  A.,  W. F.  Spencer,  and W.  J.  Farmer.   1983.   Behavior assessment
     model  for trace organics  in soil:   Model description.  J. Environ. Qual.
     12:558-564.

Kleinbaum,  D.  6.  and L.  L. Kupper.   1978.   Applied  .regression  analysis and
     other multivariable methods.   Duxbury  Press,  North Scituate, MA.

Short,  T.  E.   1986.  Modeling of  processes  in  the unsaturated zone, p. 211-
     240.   In:  R.  C.  Loehr  and J.  F.  Malina,  Jr., eds.   Land treatment:    A
     hazardous  waste mangement alternative.   Water  Reosurces Symp.  No. 13,
     Center for Research in Water  REsources,  The Univ. of  Texas at  Austin, TX.

Sims, R.  C.  1982.   Land treatment of  polynuclear aromatic  corvrunds.   PhD
     Dissertation.    Dept. Biol. Agr. Eng., No.  Carolina State Un,  .,  Raleigh,
     NC.

Sims,  R.  C.,  and   M.  R.  Overcash.   1983.   Fate  of  polynuclear  aromatic
     compounds (PNAs) in soil-plant  systems.   Residue  Rev.  88:1-68.

SPSS  Inc.   1986.    SPSSX  User's  guide.   Second  edition.   McGraw-Hill Book
     Company,  New York, NY.  988 p.

U.S. EPA.   1982.   Test methods for evaluating  solid  waste, physical/chemical
     methods.    2nd  Ed.  SW-846.    U.S.  Environmental   Protection  Agency,
     Washington, D.C.

U.  S. EPA.   1986b.   Permit guidance manual  on  hazardous  waste land  treatment
     demonstrations.   Final  Draft. Office  of Solid  Waste  and  Emergency
     Response, U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, Washington,  D.C.
                                       86

-------
          APPENDIX A



RESULTS OF LABORATORY ANALYSES
              87

-------
    TABLE A-l.  RESULTS FOR OIL AND GREASE VALUES  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  AT
           LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE  WASTE MIXED WITH
                            DURANT CLAY LOAM  SOIL

Oil and Grease (mg/kg)
Sample Time
(day)


0
37
143
167
234


0
37
143
167
234


0
37
143
167
234

0
37
143
167
234
Repl
1


2600
2000
2800
1600
310*


3600
3000
5000
3100
2500


4400
3000
3900
2500
2600

200
300
N/A*
500
500
icate Reactors
2
Load Rate

2700
2600
2600
3100
2200
Load Rate

3200
2700
3400
3500
3000
Load Rate

3800
4700
3800
4500
3600

400
300
N/A
700
300
3 x
(%waste wet/ soil
0.7 %
2600 2600
2600 2400
2700 2700
3000 2600
2300 2500
(%waste wet/ soil
1.0 %
3200 3300
3000 2900
3300 3900
2200 2900
1500 2300
(%waste wet/ soil
1.3 %
4300 4100
3800 3800
4600 4100
6400 4500
4000 3400
Control
200
300
N/A
600
400
SD
dry)

58
390
100
840
490
dry)

230
170
950
670
760
dry)

310
850
440
2000
720






CV (%)


2.2
15.6
3.7
32.7
19.5


6.9
6.0
24.5
22.7
32.7


7.4
22.2
10.6
43.7
21.2






*N/A - no anaTysis.
                                     88

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    TABLE A-2.   RESULTS FOR  OIL  AND GREASE  VALUES WITH  INCUBATION TIME AT
           LOW  SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR  CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH
                           KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL

Sample Time
(day)


0
29
130
158
225


0
29
130
158
225


0
29
130
158
225

0
29
130
158
225

Repl
1


1400
1100
1200
1300
1300


2500
3100
2100
2100
2300


4000
3200
2800
3000
2900

200
N/A*
100
100
300

Oil and Grease (mg/kg
icate Reactors
Z
Load

1600
7000
1500
1500
1700
Load

2100
2300
2100
2200
2300
Load

3100
3400
2900
3100
3000

300
N/A
100
100
300
3 x
Rate (%waste wet/soil
0.4 %
1400 1500
1900 3400
1100 1300
1300 1400
1500 1500
Rate (Xwaste wet/ soil
0.7 X
2100 2200
6900 4100
1900 2000
2000 2100
2200 2300
Rate (Xwaste wet/soil
1.0 %
3000 3400
2100 2900
2900 2900
3300 3100
2500 2800
Control
100
N/A
100
200
0
)
SD
dry)

1200
3200
210
120
200
dry)

230
2500
120
100
58
dry)

550
700
58
150
260







CV (%)


7.9
95.2
16.4
8.5
13.3


10.3
60.0
5.7
4.8
2.6


16.4
24.1
2.0
4.9
9.5






"N/A -  no  analysi s.
                                     89

-------
  TABLE A-3.   RESULTS FOR OIL AND GREASE  VALUES  WITH  INCUBATION TIME AT
           LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PCP WASTE MIXED WITH
                          DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
Sample Time
(day)
Oil and Grease (mq/kg)
Replicate Reactors
1 2 3 x

SD CV (%)
                             Load Rate (Xwaste wet/soil  dry)
                                          0.3 %
  0                2500      2200      1900      1900         450      24.1
 28                1100      2000      2200      1400         75!,      53.5
116                1300      1600      1200      1400         320      23.8
140                1200      1400      1300      1400         210      14.4
207                1000      1000      1100      1200         180      15.5

                             Load Rate (fcwaste wet/soil  dry)
                                          0.5 *
  0                3500      1900      2900      2800         810      29.2
 28                1700      1400      4300
116                1300      1500      3100      2000         990      50.2
140                2300      1500      1900      2300         800      34.8
207                1500      1100      2000      1500         450      29.4

                             Load Rate (Xwaste wet/soil  dry)
                                          0.7 %
  0                4600      4200      4100      4300         260       6.2
 28                2800      2600      4200      3200         870      27.2
116                2800      3700      3100      3200         460      14.3
140                3200      3100      2900      3100         170       5.6
207                22fin.      2400      2500      2400         150       6.5

                                          Control
  0                 300       200       200
 28                 300       200       300
116                 30r       200       200
140                 51'        500       500
207                 200       300       200
                                     90

-------
TABLE A-4.   RESULTS FOR OIL AND GREASE  VALUES  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  AT
         LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PCP WASTE MIXED WITH
                       KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
Sample Time
(day)


0
28
112
140
207


0
28
112
140
207


0
28
112
140
207
Oil and Grease (mg/kg)
Rep
1


500
500
500
400
500


800
1000
600
700
800


1600
1500
1200
1400
1200
licate
2
Load

400
600
500
400
600
Load

600
900
700
1000
800
Load

1200
1500
1200
1500
1400
Reactors
3
Rate (%waste
0.075
600
900
400
400
500
Rate (%waste
0.15
800
1500
700
700
800
X
wet/ soil
%
500
670
470
400
530
wet/ soil
%
1400
1100
670
800
800
Rate (SSwaste wet/soil
0.3 %
1900
1000
1200
1800
1400

1600
1000
1200
1600
1300
SD
dry)

100
210
58
0
58
dry)

560
320
58
170
0
dry)

350
810
0
210
120
CV (%)


20.0
31.2
12.4
0
10.8


40.0
28.4
8.7
21.7
0


22.4
78.2
0
13.3
8.7
Control
0
28
112
140
207
100
200
100
400
100
200
200
200
300
100
100
250
100
500
100















                                 91

-------
 TABLE A-5.   RESULTS FOR OIL AND GREA?" VALUES WITH  INCUBATION TIME AT
   LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE MIXED WITH
                         DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
Sample Time
(day)

Replicate
1 Z
Oil and Grease
Reactors
3
(mg/kg)
"x

SD CV (%)
  0
 37
143
167
234
  0
 37
143
167
234
  0
 37
143
167
234
  0
 37
143
167
234
28000
18000
39000
10000
16000
27000
27000
29000
26000
23000
36000
30000
30000
31000
28000
  400
  300
  330
  300
  300
Load Rate (%waste wet/soil dry)
             6%
12000
15000
42000
13000
15000
           8000
          16000
          20000
          17000
          16000
          16000
          16000
          34000
          13000
          16000
                            Load Rate (Xwaste wet/soil dry)
14000
20000
20000
18000
19000
             9%
          16000
          23000
          21000
          22000
          19000
          19000
          23000
          23000
          22000
          24000
11000
 1500
12000
 3500
  580
 7000
 3500
 4900
 4000
 5000
Load Rate (%waste wet/soil  dry)
             12%   '
                    25000        9900
                    31000        1700
                    26000        4700
                    30000        1500
20000
33000
21000
30000
29000
  ?00
  L'.iO
  2-  ''
  100
  2 CO
18000
30000
25000
28000
27000
                    28000
 1000
             Control
            400
            100
            270
            200
            300
68.1
 9.4
35.4
26.3
 3.7
36.8
15.1
21.1
18.2
21.3
40.0
 5.6
18.0
 5.2
 3.6
                                   92

-------
    TABLE A-6.   RESULTS FOR  OIL  AND GREASE  VALUES WITH  INCUBATION TIME AT
     LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR  API  SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE MIXED WITH
                           KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
Sample Time
  (day)
                                    Oflana  Grease  (mg/kg)
    Replicate Reactors
                                           SD
CV (%}
                               Load  Rate  (%waste wet/soil dry)
                                            6%
     0
    29
   130
   158
   225
     0
    29
   130
   158
   225
     0
    29
   130
   158
   225
     0
    29
   130
   158
   225
22000
19000
20000
22000
17000
18000
23000
24000
23000
22000
32000
32000
24000
32000
26000
  200
  120
  100
  100
  400
16000
14000
15000
14000
13000
Load Rate

26000
28000
27000
27000
23000
Load Rate

27000
28000
29000
24000
26000

300
100
100
200
400
15000 17000
17000 17000
17000 17000
18000 18000
17000 16000
(Xwaste wet/ soil
9%
17000 20000
20000 24000
17000 23000
19000 26000
17000
(%waste wet/soil
12%
30000 30000
33000 31000
29000 27000
23000 26000
30000 27000
Control
100
100
100
100
400
4000
2500
2500
4600
2300
dry)

4900
4000
5300
2100

dry)

2500
2600
2900
4900
2300






 23.3
 15.1
 14.
 25,
 14.7
 24.3
 17.1
 23.0
  8.3
  8.5
  8.5
 10.6
 18.7
  8.5
                                      93

-------
     TABLE  A-7.   RESULTS FOR OIL AND GREASE VALUES WITH INCUBATION TIME AT
            LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL WASTE MIXED WITH
                            DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
Sample Time
(day)


0
28
105
129
196


0
28
105
129
196


0
28
105
129
196

0
28
105
129
196
Oil and Grease (mg/kg)
Replicate Reactors
1


36000
48000
51000
51000
48000


34000
58000
58000
56000
53000


47000
78000
77000 •
84000
73000

300
400
100
400
400
2
Load Rate

33000
51000
50000
46000
47000
Load Rate

64000
58000
59000
61000
N/A*
Load Rate

41000
76000
78000
81000
75000

200
500
200
200
400
3 x
(%waste wet/soil
8%
47000 39000
53000 51000
48000 50000
48000 48000
44000 46000
(Xwaste wet/soil
12*
45000 48000
49000 55000
61000 59000
58000 58000
54000 54000
(Xwaste wet/ soil
14%
67000 52000
90000 81000
88000 81000
87000 84000
N/A 74000
Control
3000
400
200
200
500
SD
dry)

7400
2500
1500
2500
2100
dry)

15000
5200
1500
2500
710
dry)

14000
7600
6100
3000
1400






CV (X)


19.1
5.0
3.1
5.2
4.5


31.8
9.5
2.6
4.3
1.3


26.4
9.3
7.5
3.6
1.9






*N/A - no analysis.
                                      94

-------
    TABLE A-8.   RESULTS FOR OIL AND GREASE  VALUES  WITH  INCUBATION TIME AT
           LOW  SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR  SLOP OIL  WASTE MIXED WITH
                           KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
Sample Time
  (day)
                                    OiI  and  Grease  (mg/lcgj
Replicate Reactors"
        2         T
                                           SD
         CV (X)
    0
   28
  103
  129
  196
    0
   28
  103
  129
  196
    0
   28
  103
  129
  196
    0
   28
  103
  129
  196
                               Load  Rate  (Xwaste  wet/soil  dry)
                                            6%
43000
59000
35000
36000
32000
46000
64000
43000
42000
38000
34000
65000
58000
66000
55000
  300
  300
  200
  200
  300
37000
58000
35000
34000
32000
Load Rate

40000
64000
43000
44000
40000
Load Rate

54000
73000
60000
61000
52000
36000
36000
25000
34000
34000
(fcwaste
8*
52000
62000
42000
36000
39000
(%waste
12*
70000
72000
58000
55000
55000
39000
51000
32000
35000
33000
wet/ soil

46000
63000
43000
41000
39000
wet/ soil

53000
70000
59000
61000
54000





dry)






dry)






Control
400
400
100
200
300
200
300
100
200
300










 3800
13000
 5800
 1200
 1200
 6000
 1200
  580
 4200
 1200
18000
 4400
 1200
 5500
 1500
                                                 9.8
                                                25.5
                                                18.2
                                                 3.3
                                                 3.5
                                                13.0
                                                 1.8
                                                 1.4
                                                10.2
                                                 3.0
                                                34.3
                                                 6.2
                                                 2.0
                                                 9.1
                                                 2.9
                                      95

-------
TABLE A-9.  OIL AND GREASE DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE
              WASTE APPLIED AT  VARIOUS  RATES  TO  DURANT  CLAY  LOAM SOIL
                           AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation                                   Oil  and Grease  (mg/kg  soil)
   Time                              	Loading  Rates	

  (dayS)                              M/M*                               H/NR+
     0                               36000                              21000

    35                                  -*

    70                               23000                              14000

    98


 *M/M =  originally loaded  at medium rate  (9%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (12%), not reloaded.
 *-  = no sample  taken.
                                     96

-------
   TABLE A-10.  OIL AND GREASE DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR API  SEPARATOR
       SLUDGE WASTE APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                           AT  1/3 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
35
70
98
Oil and Grease
Loading
M/M* L/H+
35000 64000
_++
32000 51000
-
(mg/kg soil)
Rates
N/H#
40000
-
30000
-

H/NR**
27000
-
23000
-
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
 *L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%),  reloaded  at  high rate (12%).
 *N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate  (12%).
**H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (12%),  not  reloaded.
++- = no sample taken.
                                      97

-------
  TABLE A-ll.  OIL AND GREASE DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR SLOP OIL WASTE
             APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATE:" TO DURANT CLAY L    SOIL
                           AT 1 BAR  3IL MOISTURE
Incubation                                    Oil  and  Grease  (mg/kg  soil)
   Time                               	Loading  Rates	
  (days)
M/M*                               H/NR+
     0                                150000                             64000

    39                                  -#

    74                                130000                             49000

   102


 *M/M = originally loaded  at medium  rate (12%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +H/NR = originally loaded at  high rate  (14%), not reloaded.
 *- = no sample taken.
                                      98

-------
     TABLE A-12.  OIL AND GREASE DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR SLOP OIL
          WASTE  APPLIED  AT  VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                          AT 1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation                            Oil  and Grease  {mg/kg soil)
   Time                                    Loading  Rates
(days)
0
39
74
102
M/M*
85000
_++
85000
-
L/H+
69000
-
120000
-
N/H#
74000
-
63000
-
H/NR**
49000
-
40000
-
 *M/M = originally loaded  at  medium  rate  (8%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded  at  low rate  (695),  reloaded  at  high rate (12%).
        nonacclimated soil  loaded  at  high  rate  (12%).
  H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (12%),  not reloaded.
  - = no sample taken.
                                      99

-------
  TABLE A-13.   OIL AND GREASE DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR  DURANT CLAY LOAM
       SOIL CONTROL AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE AND KIDMAN.  SANDY LOAM SOIL
                      CONTROL AT  1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURc.
Incubation Time                	Oil  and Grease (mg/kg soil)
    (days)                    Durant Clay LoamKidman  Sandy Loam
0
21
46
74
100
-*
500
-
100
-
200
-
*  _
 - = no sample taken,
                                      100

-------
     TABLE A-14 .  RESULTS FOR PAH'ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
          FOR  API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY  LOAM
                    SOIL IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION
                              PAH (mg/kg soil)         	
                                          Load Rate (^Twaste wet/soil

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenzf a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3}pyrene
6%
40.7
0.2*
56.4
0.2*
340
380
91.4
55.0
0.2*
0.2*
0.2*
0.6*
1.3*
0.3*
12*
66.8
0.8
97.6
0.2*
680
750
170
52.3
69.5
ND+
15.8
0.6*
ND+
5.1
*Detection limit.
+ND = Not detected (no peak present).
                                    101

-------
TABLE A-15.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT'LOW SOIL MOISTURE  CONTENT FOR  API
    SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL AFTER 167 DAYS
                               INCUBATION TIME
                              PAH (tug/kg soil)		
                                           Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
                                           6%
Naphthalene                              0.30*                        0.30*
Fluorene                                 0.2                          1.5
Phenanthrene                            26.7                        120
Anthracene                               0.2                          0.2
Fluoranthene                           250                         1100
Pyrene                                 270                         1300
Benz(a)anthracene                       83.8                        230
Chrysene                                22.0                        110
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                     3.2^                       160  *
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                     0.2^                         0.2
Benzo(a)pyrene                           0.2^                       120
Benzo(ghi)perylene                       0.6^                         0.6
Dibenz(a.h)anthracene                    1.3^                         1-3
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene                      0.3                          5.9


*Detection limit.
                                     102

-------
 TABLE A-16.  RESULTS FOR PNA ANAtYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR  API
    SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL IMMEDIATELY
                           AFTER WASTE ADDITION


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene
PNA (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/ so i
6%
38.4
0.2*
50.4
0.2*
310
330
85.9
21.2
22.1
ND+
ND
-* — *
0.6
1.3*
_i
0.3*

dry)
12%
61.3
.2
80.3
~ «*
0.2
220
580
120
34.4
36.7
ND
ND
A C*
0.6
1.3*
17.0
*Detection limit.
+ND = Not detected (peak not present).
                                     103

-------
 TABLE A-17.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API
          SEPARATOR  SLUDGE WASTE  MIXED WITH  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM SOIL
                       AFTER  158  DAYS  INCUBATION TIME
	 — 	 —

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben z( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene
PAH (mq/kq soi 1 )
Load Rate
6%
0.30*
_ , _ +
0.26*
41.7
0.2*
280
310
81.5
19.3
28.2
0.2*
31.8
0.6*
ND
ND

(% waste wet/ soil dry)
12%
0.30*
.2
89.2
_. «.*
0.2*
640
730
160
50.0
51.2
ND+
0.2*
.6
ND
2.9
*Detection limit.
+ND = Not detected (peak not present).
                                     104

-------
 TABLE A-18.   RESULTS  FOR  PNA  ANALYSIS AT  LOW  SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP
           OIL WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL IMMEDIATELY
                            AFTER WASTE ADDITION


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-d)pyrene
PAH (mg/kq soil)
Load Rate
8%
190
7.6
170
0.2*
1100
1200
59.0
11.0
18.5
0.2*
ND
ND
ND
ND

(% waste
12%
220
73.4
600
70.0
2000
ND+
ND
ND
— «*
0.2*
0.2
57.8
~ ».*
0.6
. ~1e
1.8
0.3*

wet/soil dry)
14*
460
86.8
470
10.0
3300
3900
390
160
69.4
8.8
13.8
9.5
i n*
1.8
9.9
*Detection limit.
+ND = Not detected (peak not present).
                                     105

-------
      TABLE A-19.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH  ANALYSIS AT  LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
             FOR S.OP OIL WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                        AFTER 129 DAYS  INCUBATION TIME
	PAH (mg/kg soil)            	_______
                                          Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
	8%             12%            in

Naphthalene                             56.8           27.8           74.6
Fluorene                                13.0           16.1           54.9
Phenanthrene                           180            130           380
Anthracene                               0.2*           9.8            0.2*
Fluoranthene                          1300           1200           2800
Pyrene                                1500            120           3300
Benz(a)anthracene                      140            120           350
Chrysene                                56.7            0.2*        140
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                    38.0            0.2*          65.8
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene                     0.2*           0.2*           0.2*
Benzo(a)pyrene                           5.0            1.4            0.2*
Benzo(ghi)perylene                       0.6*           0.6*           0.6*
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                    1.3*           1.3*           1.3*
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene                      0.3*           0.3*           0.3*


*Detection limit.
                                    106

-------
     TABLE A-20.   RESULTS FOR PAH-ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
               FOR SLOP OIL WASTE  MIXED WITH  KIDMAN SANDY  LOAM
                    SOIL IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION
	PAH (mg/kg soil)         	
                                           Load Rate (% waste wet/soil" dry)
	8%                       12%

Naphthalene                              150                        350
Fluorene                                  30.3                       65.0
Phenanthrene                             230                        360
Anthracene                                32.9                        0.2*
Fluoranthene                            3200                       2600
Pyrene                                  4100                       3000
Benz(a)anthracene                        270                        320
Chrysene                                 160                        130
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                       0.2*                      72.9
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                       0.2*                       0.2*
Benzo(a)pyrene                             0.2*                       0.2*
Benzo(ghi)perylene                         0.6*                       0.6*
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                      1.3X                       1.3*
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene                        0.3*                       0.3*


*Detection limit.
                                    107

-------
          TABLE A-21. RES'ILTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE
             CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL WASTE MIXED JITH KIDMAN SANDY
                   LOAM SOIL AFTER 131 DAYS ii.'CUBATION TIML


                              PAH (mg/kg soil)
	~~                           Load Rate (% waste wet/sol I  dry)
	____^	    8%                  12%

Naphthalene                                   37.8                96.0
Fluorene                                      35.9                31.6
Phenanthrene                                 260                 300  ^
Anthracene                                    22.9                 0.2
Fluoranthene                                7200                2200
Pyrene                                         0.2*             2600
Benz(a)anthracene                              0.8               280
Chrysene                                     240                 110
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                           0.2^               54.0
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                           0.2                 0.2^
Benzolajpyrene                                25i9*                ?'?*
Benzo(ghi)perylene                             0.6^                0.6
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                          1.3                 1.3^
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene                            0.3                 0.3


*Detection limit.
                                     108

-------
o
10
     TABLE A-22.  RESULTS FOR  PAH  ANALYSIS AT  LOW  SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT
                                CLAY  LOAM SOIL  IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)


0.7%


1.0%

1.3%

Replicate reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Ben zo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
*
9.6
33.4
5.6
30.3
24.0
2.8
3.2
1.1
+
1.3


0.6
2

7.4
25.9
2.4
23.6
19.0
2.3
2.7
1.1
1.0
1.4


0.5
3

9.0
29.9
2.4
28.0
22.5
2.8
3.4
1.3
1.2
1.4


0.7
1

13.5
47.2
6.7
43.1
34.3
4.3
4.9
2.0
1.4
1.7


0.5
2

11.4
39.7
4.6
36.4
28.8
3.7
4.0
1.6
1.0
1.5


0.5
3

12.3
43.3
8.2
39.6
31.4
4.0
4.4
1.8
1.2
1.7


0.8
1 2

17.3
55.9
10.8
52.4
41.7
5.7
6.0
1.6 2.6
ND# 1.8
ND 2.1
0.6+ 0.8
2.1 1.1
0.7
3

14.8
50.6
11.8
46.8
36.7
4.9
5.5
2.2
1.6
1.9
1.0
1.1
0.6
     *No data indicate insufficient quantitative information  to calculate  half-life,
     +Detection limit.
     *ND = Not detected (peak not present).

-------
TABLE A-22.  CONTINUED

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
I) ibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
0.8
8.7
30
3.5
27.0
19.0
2.6
3.1
1.2
0.8
1.4
0.6
1.3
0.6
0.7%
SD
0.6
1.1
3.8
1.8
3.4
7.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.1
0
0
0.1

CV
70
13
13
53
13
38
11
12
10
70
4
0
0
17

X
0.4
12.0
43.0
6.5
40.0
32.0
4.0
4.1
1.8
1.2
1.6
5.6
1.3
0.6
1.0%
SD
0.1
1.1
3.8
1.8
3.4
2.8
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.2

CV
32
9
9
28
8
9
8
7
11
17
7
0
0
29
dry)

X
18.0
47.0
39.0
7.6
37.0
32.0
3.8
4.2
2.1
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.4
0.5

1.3%
SD
2.6
54.0
25.0
6.4
21.0
12.0
2.7
2.7
0.5
0.9
1.1
0.2
0.6
0.2


CV
15
115
64
85
57
39
70
64
24
/5
78
28
40
40

-------
 TABLE  A-23.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT
                              CLAY LOAM SOIL AFTER 37 DAYS  INCUBATION TIME

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)


0.7%



1.0%



1.3%

Replicate reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
*
8.5
28.0

23.2
17.4
1.8
1.9
0.7
0.8
1.4


0.6
Z

8.2
29.6
2.6
27.8
21.5
2.2
2.4
0.9
0.9
1.4


0.6
3

8.6
30.0
1.8
28.6
20.8
2.0
2.4
0.8
0.9
0.2+


0.9
1

7.
28.
5.
26.
20.
2.

1.
0.
1.
0.

ND


8
1
3
6
0
1

1
8
6
6*

i#
Z

11.4
38.6
5.1
37.4
30.0
3.9
3.9
1.5
1.4
1.8
0.9

0.6
3

13.7
45.6
6.4
43.6
34.6
4.6
4.8
2.0
1.7
1.8
0.6*

0.7
1
8.
14.
51.
18.
48.
37.
4.
5.
1.
1.
1.
0.
1.


6
7
5
6
3
9
9
1
7
8
9
6*
3*

2

12.1
40.7
5.3
39.3
31.0
4.1
4.1
1.8
1.5
1.8
0.9
1.4
0.6
3
11.4
14.6
47.3
6/1
45.2
35.4
4.6
5.0
2.2
1.7
1.9
0.4
1.3*
0.6
*No data indicate insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life,
"""Detection limit.
*ND = Not detected (peak not present).

-------
                                              TABLE  A-23.   CONTINUED
ro
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Ben zo ( k ) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo( ajpyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
7.3
8.4
290
7.0
270
200
2.0
2.2
8.0
8.7
1.0
0.5

0.7
0.7%
SO
4.5
2.1
1.1
8.3
2.9
2.2
2,0
3.5
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.4

0.2

CV
62
3
4
119.
11
11
10
16
13
7
73
6

25


3
110
370
5
360
280
3
3
1
1
1
0

0

X
.9


.6


.5
.7
.4
.3
.3
.6

.8
1.0%
SD
3.6
3.0
8.8
7.0
8.6
7.5
1.3
1.2
6.0
4.0
1.0
0

0.1

CV
93
27
24
13
24
27
38
33
42
30
76
0

15
dry)


6
140
47
100
440
350
4
4
1
1
1
0
1
0


X
.8





.5
.7
.9
.7
.9
.6
.3
.7

1.3%
SD
5.8
1.5
5.4
7.5
4.6
3.5
4.0
5.5
2.6
1.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1


CV
85
11
12
75
10
10
9
12i
14
9
3
41
6
17

-------
     TABLE A-24.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
             FOR CREOSOTE WASTE  MIXED WITH DURANT  CLAY  LOAM  SOIL
                       AFTER 167 DAYS INCUBATION TIME
                          PAH (nig/kg  soil)	
                         	i-JL-a	Load  Rate  (i waste  wet/soil dry)
                                         OTT?OJ2             173%
Naphthalene                            120              0.30*            +
Fluorene                                 4.8            7.9
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene                                           30.4
Pyrene                                                 26.8^
Benz(a)anthracene                                       0.8
Chrysene                                                4.3
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                                    1.6
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                     0.2*-           0.2^
Benzo(a)pyrene                           0.2            0.2^               ^
Benzo(ghi)perylene                                      0.6              0.6^
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                                                   1-3
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene                      0.3*           0.3*


*Detection limit.
+No  data  indicate  insufficient  quantitative information to  calculate half-
life.
                                   113

-------
    TABLE A-25.   RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH
                        KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION

PAH ("in/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)


0.4%


0.7%


1.0%

Replicate reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Ant-fir ""CP.e
! iiitn • >ene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
0.7
4.8
15.6
0.9
15.0
11.1
1.0
1.3
0.7
0.6
1.4
0.6*
+
0.7
2
3.1
5.6
20.6
2.3
18.3
15.5
1.4
1.6
0.9
0.7
1.2
0.6*

0.5
3
0.3
3.8
14.4
0.2
12.0
11.4
0.8*
2.5
0.5
0.5
1.1
0.6*

0.6
1
2.8
10.5
32.5
5.4
31.7
24.0
2.9
3.2
1.4
1.2
1.5
0.1

0.5
2
3.9
9.5
30.5
5.5
29.3
23.5
3.1
3.1
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.2

0.7
3
4.5
10.6
35.2
5.1
31.3
29.8
3.2
3.7
1.5
1.3
1.7
0.6

0.6
1
5.1
14.2
42.9
6.3
40.1
31.9
4.0
4.0
1.6
1.4
1.7
0.6*
1.3*
0.5
2
2.2
8.8
28.9
4.2
28.7
22.7
2.7
2.8
1.2
0.9
1.3
0.6*
1.3*
0.5
3
?.8
7.7
25.9
7,1
2^.8
19.5
1.JB
2.0
0.6
0.8
1.4
0.6*
l.J*
0.5
*Detection limit.
+No data indicate  insufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
TABLE A-25.  CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
1.4
4.7
170
1.1
150
130
1.1
1.8
7.0
6.0
1.2
5.6
1.3
6.0
0.4*
SD
1.5
9.0
3.3
1.1
3.2
2.5
3.3
6.2
2.0
1.0
1.5
0
0
1.0

CV
111
19
20
94
21
19
31
35
29
17
12
0
0
17

X
3.7
100
330
5.3
310
260
3.1
3.3
1.4
1.3
1.6
6.3
1.3
6.0
0.7*
SD
8.6
6.1
2.4
2.1
1.3
3.5
1.5
3.2
0.6
1.0
1.2
5.5
0
1.0

CV
23
6
7
4
4
14
5
10
4
8
7
87
0
17
dry)

X
3.4
100
330
4.4
310
250
2.8
2.9
1.3
1.0
1.5
5.6
1.3
5.0

1.0%
SD
1.5
3.5
9.1
1.8
8.8
6.4
1.1
1.0
5.0
3.2
2.1
0
0
0


CV
46
34
28
41
29
26
39
34
44
31
14
0
0
0

-------
 TABLE A-26.   RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN
                             SANDY LOAM SOIL AFTER 29 DAYS INCUBATION TIME

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)



Naphthalene
Fluorene
' 'ienanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a } anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
0.8
4.2
16.0
o 4
.4
11.3
1.1
1.4
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.6
+
0.5
0.4%

2
0.3*
3.7
13.5
3.0
12. 'j
9.9
0.9
1.3
0.7
0.5
1.1
1.6

0.5


3
4.8
4.1
14.8
0.7
13.2
10.2
0.9
1.2
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.6*

n.5

Repl
1
2.9
7.9
27.4
3.7
26.7
21.2
2.6
2.7
1.2
1.1
J'4*
0.6*

0.5
0.7%


1.0%

icate reactors
2
2.1
6.8
27.9
2.1
25.9
20.1
2.2
3.0
1.1
0.8
1.1
0.6*

0.5
3
2.4
7.7
25.3
8.4
22.7
17.4
2.0
2.6
1.0
0.8
1.2
0.6*

0.4
1
1.6
12.1
40.9
5.2
41.0
32.3
4.0
5.0
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.3
1.3*
0.6
2
10.8
11.0
37.1
4.9
35.1
27.8
3.6
4.0
1.5
1.3
1.6
0.8
1.3*
0.6
3
5.7
7.4
27.4
5.8
24.9
19.7
2.4
2.8
1.2
0.8
1.3
0.6*
1.3*
0.5
*Detection limit.
+No data indicate  unsufficient quantitative information to calculate half-life.

-------
TABLE A-26.  CONTINUED

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Load Rate (% waste wet/soil


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo (a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Ben zo ( gh i ) per yl ene
Dibenz(a.h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
2.0
4.0
150
1.4
130
100
9.7
1.3
5.7
5.7
1.1
9.2
1.3
5.0
0.4%
SD
2.5
2.6
1.3
1.4
9.6
7.4
1.2
1.0
1.2
0.6
0
5.9
0
0

CV
125
7
9
104
7
7
12
8
20
10
0
64
0
0

X
2.5
7.5
270
4.7
250
200
2.3
2.8
1.1
9.0
1.2
5.6
1.3
4.7
0.7%
SD
4.0
5.9
1.4
3.3
2.1
2.0
3.1
2.1
1.0
1.7
1.5
0
0
0.6

CV
16
8
5
69
8
10
14
8
9
19
12
0
0
12
dry)

X
6.0
100
350
5.3
340
270
3.3
3.9
1.5
1.3
1.6
8.9
1.3
5.7

1.0%
SD
4.6
2.5
7.0
4.6
1.1
6.4
8.3
1.1
3.5
4.5
3.0
3.8
0
0.6


CV
76
24
20
9
24
24
25
28
23
35
19
43
0
10

-------
   TABLE A-27.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
              CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                        AFTER  158  DAYS  INCUBATION TIME
                          PAH  (mg/kg  soil)

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fl uor anthene
Benzol k)fluor anthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Benzol ghi ) peryl ene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indenol 1,2, 3) pyrene
Load Rate
0.4%
46.4
0.2*
+
0.2*

^
0.8*

A
0.2*
0.2*
0.6*

0.3*
(% waste wet/ so-
0.7%
0.30*
4.8
22.0
2.9
21.4
19 '7*
0.8*
2.9
1.1
^
0.2*
0.2*
0.6*
^
0.3*
il dry)
1.0%
270
92.3
500



73.7
47.1
35.6
10.4
6.3
0.6*
. -*
1.3
0.3*
*Detection limit.
+No data  indicate  insufficient  quantitative  information  to  calculate  half-
life.
                                  118

-------
   TABLE A-28.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
        PCP WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL IMMEDIATELY AFTER
                               WASTE ADDITION

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene
Load Rate
0.3%
29.1
42.7
120
10.0
110
100
-» +
0.2*
+
0.2*
10.5
*
0.2*
0.2*
* —*
0.6
1 3*
*
0.3*
(% waste wet/ soil dry)
O./X
260
110
340
90.1
35.4
350
65.4
38.1
53.0
14.6
18.2
Of *ff
.6
1.3*
12.2
*Detection limit.
                                    119

-------
 TABLE A-29.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT'LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PCP
                   WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT CL-'  LOAM SOIL
                       AFTER 140 DAYS  INCUBAT1.   TIME
                              PAH (mg/kg soil)	
                                          Load Rate (% waste wet/so 11  dry)
                                         OS                         0.7*
Naphthalene                             71.9                        280
Fluorene                                 0.2*                        44.6
Phenanthrene                            29.0^                       250
Anthracene                               0.2                         77.2
Fluoranthene                            45.6                        250
Pyrene                                  42.2                        270
Benz(a)anthracene                       34.1                         54.8
Chrysene                                 7.1                         30.0
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                    12.4^                        37.0
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                     0.2^                        12.1
Benzo(a)pyrene                           0.2^                         8.8
Benzo(ghi)perylene                       0.6^                         0.6
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                    1.3                          1.3
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene                      0.3                          0.3


*Detection limit.
                                      120

-------
 TABLE A-30.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANACYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR  PCP
            WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL IMMEDIATELY
                            AFTER WASTE ADDITION

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fl uor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3)pyrene
Load Rate
0.075%
34.7
— +
0.2*
30.8
0.2*
27.4
28.0
- . — +
0.8
i
ND+
0.2*
_ +
0.2*
0.2*
-. -*
0.6*
1.3*
^
0.3*
(% waste wet/soil dry)
0.3%
96.7
20.4
99.3
— . **.*
0.2
91.0
95.7
38.2
9'9*
0.2*
OSHJF
.2
On •*
•2
Of **
.6
i ->*
1.3
0.3*
*Detection limit.
+ND = Not detected (peak not present).
                                     121

-------
 TABLE A-31.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PCP
    WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM SOIL  AFTER  140 DAYS  INCUBATION TIME
                               PAH (mq/kg soil)	
                              	Load  Rate « waste  wet/soil  dry)
                                         0.075%0.3%
Naphthalene                              0.30*                        82.0+
Fluorene                                 0.2*                          0.2
Phenanthrene                             4.7^                         50.0^
Anthracene                               0.2                           0.2
Fluoranthene                            16.6                          55.7
Pyrene                                   0.2*                         48.0
Benz(a)anthracene                        0.8                          35.2
Chrysene                                 3.4^                          6.9
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                     0.2^                          0.2^
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                     0.2^                          0.2^
Benzo(a)pyrene                           0.2^                          0.2
Benzo(ghi)perylene                       0.6^                            ^
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                    1.3                           1.3^
Ideno(l,2,3)pyrene                       0.3*                          0.3


*Detection limit.

                                     122

-------
   TABLE A-32.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
        FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE REAPPLIED TO OURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                     (IMMEDIATELY  AFTER  WASTE  ADDITION)
                                            PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                              Loading Rate


M/M*


H/NR+

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b ) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno (1,2, 3-cd ) pyrene
1
33.6
17.3
120
17.7
ND
ND
92.6
ND
110
380
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
28.9
6.8
88.7
10.4
720
ND
180
ND
54.5
63.9
34.6
ND
ND
ND
3
47.7
25.5
120
20.2
920
ND
280
ND
150
650
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
ND#
14.3
54.3
ND
590
610
130
72.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
29.4
39.8
ND
420
470
86.6
43.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
15.2
49.2
ND
520
550
200
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded  at  medium rate,
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%),  not reloaded.
    = not detected (peak not present).
                                   123

-------
TABLE A-32.   CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(d)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
36.7
16.5
110
16.1
547
_
184
-
105
365
11.5
-
-
-
M/M
SD
9.8
9.4
18.1
5.1
484
_
940
-
48.0
243
20.0
-
-
-

cv
27
57
16
31
89
-
51
-
46
81
173
-
-
-

X

19.6
47.7
-
510
543
139
38.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
H/NR
SD

8.5
7.4
-
85.5
70.2
57.2
36.4
-
-
-
-
-
-

CV

43
15
-
17
13
41
94
—
-
-
-
—
-
         124

-------
   TABLE  A-33.   RESULTS FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
             API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM
                          SOIL (37 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                               PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                                 Loading Rate
                                                     M/M*
                                              Replicate Reactors
                                                      2
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben 20 ( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Ben zo ( k ) f 1 uor ant hene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
5.2
7.4
80.1
8.9
750
960
150
170
80.0
NO
100
NO
NO
ND
2.4
31.1
130
22.0
1200
170
140
200
25.4
110
180
ND
ND
ND
ND+
10.5
97.8
14.9
1000
1200
210
130
260
ND
400
ND
ND
ND
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                    125

-------
TABLE A-33. 'CONTINUED
         126
                   PAH  (mg/kg  soil)
                        M/M
                                           CV
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrr.-n.e
Ben 
-------
    TABLE  A-34.   RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
        FOR API  SEPARATOR SLUDGE REAPPLIED TO OURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                            (74 DAYS INCUBATION)

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


H/NR +

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz{ a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND#
4.7
52.0
ND
610
690
160
67.7
ND
64.1
26.9
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
5.6
64.0
ND
760
870
210
88.6
ND
110
48.3
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
8.3
94.7
20.3
1600
160
330
150
ND
190
85.6
ND
ND
ND
1
ND
1.2
21.7
2.9
450
490
120
49.1
ND
33.3
12.5
ND
12.8
NO
2
ND
3.8
56.6
11.0
850
940
220
96.5
ND
110.0
49.3
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
1.6
26.0
3.3
460
510
120
49.3
ND
31.6
13.4
ND
14.9
ND
 M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded  at  medium rate,
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%),  not  reloaded.
*ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                   127

-------
TABLE A-34.   CONTINUED

PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(d)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di ben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X

6.2
70.7
6.8
990
573
223
102
-
121
53.6
-
-
-
M/M
SD

1.9
22.0
11.7
533
369
87.3
42.8
-
63.7
29.7
-
-
-

cv

30
31
173
54
64
37
41
-
52
55
-
-
-

X

2.2
34.8
5.7
587
647
153
65
-
58.3
25.0
-
9.2
-
H/NR
5D

1.4
19.0
4.6
228
254
57.7
27.3
-
44.8
21
-
8.1
-

CV

64
55
80
39
39
38
42
-
77
84
-
87
-
        128

-------
  TABLE  A-35.   RESULTS FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
            API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM
                         SOIL (102 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                               PAH  (mg/kg soil)

                                                Loading Rate
                                                    M/M*	
                                              Replicate Reactors
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo ( b ) f 1 uor ant hene
Benzol kjfluor anthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
ND+
2.0
14.5
5.4
550
550
190
68.7
86.0
48.1
55.8
ND
490
ND
ND
2.8
21.3
6.4
630
650
200
71.8
85.0
110
57.6
_ _**
0.6
48° ,«
0.3
.#
~
-
-
-
-
~
—
•
••
™
"
~

*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
#- = sample not analyzed.
**
  Detection limit.
                                     129

-------
TABLE A-35.  CONTINUED
                 PAH  (mg/kg  soil)
                        M/M
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzol kjfluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
—
2.4
17.9
5.9
590
600
195
70.3
85.5
79.1
56.7
0.3
485
0.15
_
0.6
4.8
0.7
56.6
70.7
7.1
2.2
0.7
43.8
1.3
0.4
7.1
0.2
_
24
27
12
10
12
4
3
1
55
2
141
1
141
         130

-------
            TABLE A-36.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS  AT  -1/3 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE
                         REAPPLIEO TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM  SOIL  (IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION)
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate



Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
£j Pyrene
— • Renzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b) flour anthene
Ben 20 (k) flour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Diben z{ a ,h) anthracene
Indeno( 1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
31.8
24.5
130
19.3
830
1100
100
190
ND
180
160
ND
'• ND
ND
M/M*

2
31.3
10.3
120
13.9
770
1000
81.7
150
ND
90.1
70.9
ND
ND
ND
L/H+

3
27.2
9.4
no
12.9
740
950
82.8
150
ND
84.8
72.0
ND
ND
ND

1
69.6
38.1
. 220
43.0
1600
1700
540
180
ND
ND
180
ND
ND
ND
Replicate
2 3
-++ 61.8
25.4
160
25.8
1100
1300
220
100
ND
75.6
130
ND
310
ND
N/H*
Reactors
1
72.1
21.2
160
21.1
910
1200
100
180
ND
ND
80.5
ND
NO
ND

2
68.7
24.1
150
20.8
860
1100
110
180
ND
ND
130
NO
NO
84.0

3
65.8
17.5
140
16.7
800
1000
90.1
160
ND
ND
73.2
ND
ND
3.4

1
7.0
4.1
73.1
6.0
500
600
100
ND"
80.6
37.9
62.1
ND
ND
0.5
H/NR**

2
61.8
3.6
67.6
4.5
460
560
93.6
ND
73.0
34.3
55.3
ND
ND
4.0


3
7.0
4.1
76.3
6.6
520
640
110
ND
81.7
38.9
61.6
ND
ND
0.29
 *M/M = originally loaded  at  medium  rate  (9<), reloaded at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded  at  low rate  (6%), reloaded at high rate (12%).
 #N/H = nonaccHmated soil  loaded at high rate (12X).
**N/NR * originally loaded  at high rate  (12X), not reloaded.
+"f- = not analyzed.
       not detected (peak  not present).

-------
                                                     TABLE  A-36.    CONTINUED
OJ
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
8enzo( a) anthr acene
Chrysene
Benzo( b) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(d)fluor anthene
Benzo(ajpyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indent '" "\3-cd Jpyrene

X
30.1
14.7
120
15.3
780
1000
88.2
,63
-
118
101
-
-
-
M/M
50
25
8.5
10.0
3.4
45.8
76.4
10.3
23.1
-
53.5
51.1
-
-
-

CV
8
6
8
22
6
8
12
14
-
45
51
-
-
-

X
65.7
31.8
190
34.4
1350
1500
380
140
-
37.8
155
-
155
-
L/H
SO
5.5
9.0
42.4
12.?
35'
283
226
56.6
-
53.5
35.4
-
219
-

CV
8
28
22
35
26
19
60
40
-
141
23
-
141
-

X
68.9
20.9
150
19.5
857
1100
100
173
-
94.6
-
-
29;1
N/H
SO
3.2
3.3
10
2.5
55.1
100
10.0
11.6
-
30.9
-
-
47.6

CV '
5
16
7
13
6
9
10
7
-
33
-
-
163

X
2r 3
3.9
72.3
5.7
493
600
101
-
78.4
37.0
59.7
•
-
1.6
H/NR
SO
31.6
0.3
4.4
1.1
30.6
40
8.3
—
4.7
2.4
3.8
-
-
2.1

CV

/
6
19
6
7
8
-
6
7
6
~
-
131

-------
            TABLE A-37.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API SEPARATOR
                         SLUDGE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL (37 DAYS INCUBATION)
CO
CO
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+

N/H*

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)f lour anthene
Benzo(k)f lour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
15.5
10.5
30.0
16.0
860
1100
180
110
ND++
ND
120
ND
ND
ND
2
14.7
11.4
100
16.8
890
1100
190
120
240
62.5
78.5
ND
ND
ND
3
15.3
14.3
100
17.7
860
1100
180
120
ND
ND
140
ND
ND
ND
1
27.4
24.1
180
33.3
1600
2000
270
160
0.2**
89.4
110
ND
ND
ND
2 3
33.0 -**
29.4
200
39.7
2200
2500
300
390
0.2**
ND
210
ND
ND
ND
1
12.9
20.0
140
25.6
950
1200
190
110
240
ND
130
ND
ND
ND
2
10.8
17.3
140
23.3
920
1100
180
100
230
ND
130
ND
ND
ND
3
9.4
16.2
130
PI. 9
840
1100
170
100
220
ND
120
ND
ND
ND
     *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate  (9%),  reloaded at medium rate.
     +L/H = originally loaded at low rate  (6%),  reloaded  at high rate (12%),
     *N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate  (12%).
    **- = not analyzed.
    ++ND = not detected (peak not present).
    **Detection limit.

-------
                                              TABLE A-37.   CONTINUED
co
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Ben zo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
15.2
12.1
76.7
16.8
870
1100
183
117
80
20.8
113
-
-
-
M/M
SO
0.4
2.0
40.4
0.9
17.3
0
5.8
5.8
138
36.1
31.4
-
-
-

CV
3
16
53
5
2
0
3
5
173
173
28
-
-
-

X
30
26
190
36
1900
2250
285
275
0
44
160
-
-
-


.2
.8

.5




.2
.7




L/H
5D
4.0
3.8
14.1
4.5
424
354
29.2
162
0
63.2
70.7
-
-
-

CV
13
14
7
12
22
16
7
59
0
141
44
-
-
-

X
11.
17.
136
23.
403
1100
180
103
230
43.
83.
-
-
7.


0
8

6





3
3


5
N/H
SD
1.8
2.0
5.8
1.9
36.9
57.7
10
5.8
10
75.1
72.3
-
-
13.0

CV
16
11
4
8
6
5
6
6
4
173
87
-
T
173

-------
                TABLE A-38.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE
                                    REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL (74 DAYS INCUBATION)
to
01
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*
L/H+
N/H*
Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b) flour anthene
Benzo(k)flour anthene
Benzo( a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
D ibenzf a ,h) anthracene
Indeno( 1 ,2, 3-cd) pyrene
I
ND++
11.1
85.2
10.1
830
840
180
80.1
NO
50.8
52.8
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
10.7
82.0
10.2
790
800
180
76.8
NO
49.8
57.4
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
30.2
220
330
780
ND
5BO
220
ND
180
170
0.6**
ND
ND
1
. 12.0
28.1
190
ND
3300
420
400
160
ND
110
100
ND
810
ND
2
10.3
24.4
160
ND
2700
2200
330
140
ND
200
92.0
ND
NO
0.29
3
13.7
16.6
17°.
0.2**
1400
1300
280
84.0
120
120
34.4
ND
ND
11.7
1
ND
15.8
130
NO
1200
1100
220
91.0
95.1
130
55.4
ND
470
ND

2
ND
11.8
110
ND
1000
890
180
75.7
78.8
96.7
42.8
ND
270
ND

3~
4.9
17.1
120
ND
1000
210
91.2
91.9
130
53.9
ND
440
ND

I
ND
4.9
67.8
ND
740
680
130
57.0
ND
45.0
18.8
ND
ND
ND
H/NR**

2
NO
5.0
61.8
ND
680
630
140
62.8
ND
84.5
33.0
ND
240
ND


3
ND
7.8
77.3
ND
870
830
180
79.8
ND
100
44.3
NO
300
ND
     *M/H = originally loaded at medium rate (935). reloaded at medium rate.
     +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (655), reloaded at high rate (12*).
     *N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (12%).
    **N/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12JQ, not reloaded.
    ++N0 = not detected (peak not present).
    **Detection limit.

-------
                                                    TABLE A-38.   CONTINUED
CJ
PAH (rag/kg soil]


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
8enzo(b)f1uoranthene
Benzo(d)fluoranthene
8enzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(qhi)pery1ene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

It
17.3
129
117
800
547
313
126
93.5
93.4
0.2
273
M/H
SD
11.1
78.8
185
26.5
474
231
81.7
74.9
66.4
0.3
- ")

CV
w
64
61
158
3
87
74
65
80
71
173
91

X
12
23.0
173
0.2
2460
1300
337
128
40
143
75.5
270
399
L/H
SD
1.7
5.9
15.3
0
971
890
60.3
39.4
69.3
49.3
35.8
468
6.7

CV
14
25
9
0
39
68
18
31
173
34
47
173
167

X
1.6
14.9
120
-
733
997
203
86.0
88.6
118.9
50 -.7
393
1
N/H
SD
2.8
2.8
10
-
643
105
20.8
8.9
8.6
19.2
6.9
108


Cv
175
19
8
-
88
11
10
10
10
16
14
27


X
5.9
69.0
0.2
763
713
150
66.5
76.5
32.0
180

H/NR
SD
1.7
7.8
0
97.1
104
26.5
11.9
28.4
12.8
159


CV
28
11
0
13
15
18
18
37
40
88

-------
       TABLE A-39.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API  SEPARATOR
                     SLUDGE REAPPLIED TO  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM SOIL (102 DAYS  INCUBATION)

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+


N/H#

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f lour anthene
Benzo(k)f lour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a ,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND**
ND
1.1
0.2++
0.9
0.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.17++
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
0.6++
7.2
ND
53.8
66.2
8.0
4.4
ND
ND
0.5
ND
ND
ND
1
0.3++
26.4
170
19.6
2400
2200
350
130
150
92.9
97.4
490
1200
0.29++
2
3.2
26.9
180
20.7
2700
380
130
130
160
94.0
110
ND
1400
0.29++
3
4.4
23.2
170
ND
1500
1700
550
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
2.0
29.3
230
7.8
3000
3500
430
140
170
100
120
ND
290
410
2
0.6
15.1
110
3.0
1000
1100
210
75.0
95.8
54.3
63.3
ND
720
ND
3
ND
191 2
130
ND
1500
1300
410
200
ND
ND
19.7
ND
ND
ND
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%),  reloaded  at  high rate (12%)
 #N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate  (12%).
**ND = not detected (peak not present).
"""Detection limit.

-------
                                               TABLE  A-39.   CONTINUED
CO
oo


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) ant hr ac ene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
.
0.2
2.8
0.1
18.2
22.4
2.7
1.5
-
-
2
-
-
-
M/M
50
.
4
3.9
0
30.8
37.9
4.6
2.5
-
-
29
-
-
-
PAH (mg/kg soil)
L/H
cv
.
173
140
_
169
169
173
173
_
_
173
-
-
-
X
2
255
173
13
2200
1427
343
86
103
62
69
163
867
0

.6


.4



.7

.3
.1


.3
SO
2.1
20
5.8
11.7
625
940
210
75.1
89.6
53.9
60.2
283
757
0
CV
81
78
3
87
28
66
61


87
87
173
87
0
V
0.
21.
156.
3.
1833
1967
^150
3
;y.
51.
67.
_
337
137

9
2
7
6




6
4
7



N/H
SD
1.0
7.3
64.3
3.9
1040
1330
122
72/5
85.2
50.1
50.3
_
362
237

CV
118
34
41
109
57
68
35
45
96
97
74
_
108
173

-------
    TABLE  A-40.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
      FOR SLOP OIL EMULSION  SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                     (IMMEDIATELY  AFTER WASTE ADDITION)
                                           PAH (tng/kg soil)

                                             Loading Rate

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di ben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
240
93.5
560
92.2
6000
6400
460
180
ND
51.9
62.6
NO
ND
ND
M/M*

2
270
110
710
110
8900
8900
550
220
ND
59.7
72.6
ND
ND
ND

Replicate
3
330
120
840
130
10000
12000
620
240
ND
60.9
81.4
ND
ND
ND

Reactors
1
40.5
56.4
ND*
74.5
20000
ND
570
ND
150
ND
74.0
ND
ND
ND
H/NR+

2
27.7
44.2
360
58.9
9200
ND
470
ND
100
ND
45.2
ND
ND
2.0


3
19.3
37.4
270
46.7
4000
4500
390
ND
100
ND
45.2
ND
ND
1.9
 M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (12%),  reloaded at medium rate.
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (14%),  not reloaded.
*ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                   139

-------
TABLE A-40.'  CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b)f 1 uoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
270
108
703
111
8300
9100
543
213
-
57.5
72.2
-
15.5
-
M/M
SD
30
13.4
140
18.9
2066
2805
80.2
30.6
-
4.9
9.4
-
13.4
-

CV
11
12
20
17
25
31
15
14
-
8
13
-
87
-

X
29.2
46
210
60.0
11100
1500
477
-
117
-
54.8
-
-
1.3
H/NR
SD
10.7
9.6
187
13.9
8200
2600
90.2
-
28.9
-
16.6
-
-
1.1

CV
37
21
89
23
74
173
19
-
25
-
30
-
-
87
        140

-------
 TABLE A-41.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANA1YSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
          SLOP OIL  EMULSION SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM
                         SOIL (37 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                              PAH  (mg/kg soil)

                                                Loading Rate
                                                    M/M*
                                             Replicate Reactors"
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Ben zo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di ben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
760
240
840
500
800
720
61.3
67.5
ND
ND
13.9
ND
ND
3.2
180
140
1100
160
25000
ND
1200
ND
ND
150
ND
ND
ND
1.4
190
1 Cf\
150
••ft j-
ND+
160
25000
ND
1200
kin
ND
kin
ND
mr n
46.8
Cf\ f\
50.9
tun
NL)
KlfN
ND
• 1 r\
ND
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (12%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                     141

-------
TABLE A-41." CONTINUED
                PAH (mg/kg soil)
                        M/M
                          SD                IV
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo( kjfluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo|ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno|l,2,3-cd)pyrene
377
177
647
273
17000
240
820
22.5
-
65.6
71.6
-
-
1.53
332
55.1
575
196
14000
416
657
39.0
-
76.8
70.4
-
-
1.6
88
31
89
72
83
173
80
173
-
117
98
-
-
105
         142

-------
    TABLE  A-42.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
       FOR SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                             (74 DAYS  INCUBATION)
                                            PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                              Loading Rate



M/M*
H/NR+
Replicate

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo) [a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi Jperylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno{l,2,3-cd)pyrene

16.
75.
480
0.
4200
4200
590
140
ND
61.
18.
ND
ND
7.
1
0
9

«**





0
9


3
Z
37.3
110
670
0.2**
5700
5800
850
200
ND
82.4
33.2
ND
ND
16.6
3
24.
59.
540
0.
4400'
4600
600
130
ND
5.
0.
ND
ND
7.

7
9

t\^rif





2
15**


5
Reactors
1
12i
ND*
10.
80.
1400
680
260
70.
ND
26.
27.
110
43.
27.

4

3
3



5

9
3

9
5
Z
30.
85.
0.
0.
4700
4700
690
160
ND
ND
26.
ND
ND
13.

2
7
nit*
n1dt






9


5
3
6.
ND
10.5
12.5
2500
870
370
96.
ND
38.
37.
160
ND
ND

6






5

9
8



 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1256), reloaded at medium rate.
 +H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (145t), not reloaded.
 *ND = not detected (peak not present).
**Detection limit.
                                     143

-------
TABLE A-42.   -JNTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo( a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
26
81.9
563
0.2
4770
4870
680
157
-
49.2
17.4
-
-
10.5
M/M
SD
10.7
25.6
97.1
0
814
833
147
37.9
-
40.0
16.6
-
-
5.3

CV
41
31
17
0
17
17
22
24
-
8
95
-
-
51

X
16.4
28.6
7.0
31.0
2900
2080
440
109
-
21.9
30.7
-
14.6
13.7
H/NR
sb
12.3
49.5
5.9
43.2
1680
2270
223
46.0
-
19.9
6.2
-
2535
13.8

CV
75
173
84
139
59
109
51
42
-
91
20
-
173
101
         144

-------
  TABLE A-43.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANACYSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
           SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM
                          SOIL  (102  DAYS  INCUBATION)
                                               PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                                 Loading Rate
                                                     M/M*
                                              Replicate Reactors
                                                      z
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo{ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
20.3
25.1
200
ND
6700
4300
750
ND
ND
ND
5.5
ND
ND
ND
ND+
0.6
2.7
ND
2.3
7.1
1.5
ND
ND
ND
0.2*
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.9
ND
44.0
45.0
6.8
ND
1.0
ND
0.2*
ND
ND
ND
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (12%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
#Detection limit.
                                    145

-------
                           TABLE A-43.' CONTINUED
                                            PAH (mg/kq soil)
                                                    M/M
                                                      SD                CV
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
6.8
8.6
68.9
11.7
14.3
114
173
167
165
Anthracene                            -               -
Fluoranthene                       2250             3860               171
Pyrene                             1451             2470               170
Benzo(a)anthracene                  253              431               170
Chrysene                              -
Benzo(b)fluoranthene                  0.3              0.6             173
Benzo(k)fluoranthene                  -                0                -
Benzo(a)pyrene                        1.9              3.1             160
Benzo(ghi)perylene                    -
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene                 -               -
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene                -               -
                                    146

-------
              TABLE  A-44.   RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL EMULSION
                      SOLIDS  REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL (IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION)






M/M*




PAH
L/H+
(mg/kg soil )
Loading Rate

Replicate

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor an there
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f1ouranthene
8enzo(k)flouranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di ben z ( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
170
72.7
B30
91.5
30000
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
51.5
ND
ND
ND
2
160
73.9
690
84.8
26000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
59.2
ND
ND
ND
3
160
73.4
700
87.8
26000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
67.1
ND
ND
ND
1
250
110
590
100
6200
6700
500
290
210
140
ND
ND
ND
5.7
2
270
120
630
110
7300
7400
520
210
220
66.0
58.9
ND
ND
5.3
3
290
120
630
130
4500
5500
2100
170
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Reactors
1
140
57.3
350
58.1
6500
ND
4200
ND
ND
ND
29.5
ND
ND
ND
N/H*

2
150
51.1
350
54.5
8600
ND
370
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND


3
140
50.5
330
52.5
8200
ND
360
ND
ND
ND
1.2
NO
ND
1.6


1
ND++
ND
ND
ND
430
530
87.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
H/NR**

2
34.8
35.0
260
43.2
3600
370
ND
ND
ND
ND
47.7
ND
ND..
0.29**


3
78.0
34.0
270
54.7
2300
2500
860
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
 *M/M = originally loaded at  medium rate  (85£),  reloaded  at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded at  low rate  (6X),  reloaded  at  high rate (12%).
 *N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate  (12%).
**H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (12*),  not  reloaded.
++ND = not detected (peak not present).
'^Detection limit.

-------
                                                     TABLE A-44.   CONTINUED
.
09
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzol a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(d)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dihe" 'a ,h)anthracene
Irdenoll,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
163
73.3
740
88.0
27000
-
-
-
-
-
62.6
-
-
-
M/M
SD
5.8
0.6
78.1
3.4
2300
-
-
-
-
-
9.7
-
-
-

CV
3
1
11
4
8
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-

X
'270
117
617
173
6000
6500
1040
223
143
68.7
19.6
-
-
2.9
L/H
SD
20
5.8
231
15.3
1410
961
918
61.1
124
70.0
34.0
-
-
4.0

CV
7
5
4
13
24
15
88
27
87
102
17
-
-
141

X
143
53.0
343
55.0
8400
-
1640
-
-
-
10.2
-
-
0.5
N/H
SO
5.8
3.8
11.6
2.8
208
-
2200
-
-
-
16.7
-
-
0.9

CV
4
7
3
5
2
-
135
-
-
-
163
-
-
173

X
37.6
23
177
32.6
2110
1130
439
-
-
-
15.9
-
-
0.1
H/NR
SD
39.1
199
153
28.8
1600
1190
391
-
-
-
27.5
-
-
0.2

CV
104
87
87
88
76
105
89
-
-
-
173
-
-
170

-------
     TABLE A-45.  RESULTS FOR  PAH  ANALYSIS  AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL EMULSION
                     SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO  KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM SOIL (37 DAYS INCUBATION)

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+



N/H#


Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)f lour anthene
Ben zo(k)f lour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
8enzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
100
100
970
130
33000
NO**
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
68.7
97.6
590
52.4
2000
ND
250
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3
94.2
87.3
500
41.1
3700
4500
170
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
87.4
67.3
560
73.5
21000
ND
510
ND
ND
90.6
140
ND
ND
ND
2
83.
65.
560
71.
21000
ND
500
ND
65.
72.
81.
ND
ND
ND

7
2

5




9
2
2



3
240
170
1500
200
56000
ND
1200
ND
ND
190
210
ND
ND
ND
1
100
110
820
110
27000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
86.
68.
700
82.
25000
ND
ND
ND
ND
74.
75.
ND
9.
ND

0
6

8





9
3

8

3
98.2
84.6
480,
42.1
5600
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate  (8%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%),  reloaded at high rate (12%).
 #N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate (12*).
**ND = not detected (peak not present).

-------
TABLE A-45.  CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Ben zo(k)fluor ant hene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenzf a, h) anthracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X

95
687
74
12900
500
140
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M/M
5D
.6 16.7
.0 6.8
249
.5 48.4
17400
2600
128
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

CV
19
7
36
65
135
173
91
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

X
137
101
873
115
33000
-
737
-
-
116
141
27
-
-
L/H
SD
89.2
59.9
543
73.6
20200
-
401
-
-
65.7
68.9
.1 46.9
-
-

cV
65
59
62
64
62
-
54
-
-
57
49
173
.-
-

X
94.
87.
667
78.
19200
-
-
-
-
25.
25.
-
3.
-


7
7

3





0
1

3

N/H
5D
7.
20.
172
34.
11800
-
-
-
-
43.
43.
-
5.
-


6
9

2





2
5

7


CV
8
24
26
44
62
-
-
-
-
173
173
-
173
-

-------
              TABLE A-46.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL EMULSION
                             SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL (74 DAYS INCUBATION)

PAH {mg/kg
Loading


M/M*


L/H+

Repl icate

Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrpne
8enzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)f lour anthene
Benzo(k)flouranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Oi ben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
16.4
37.6
32000
3.9
2400
2500
340
79.7
NO
„.!»»
NO
16.2
NO
2
20.5
35.7
34000
4.3
2400
2600
330
82.1
ND
3.0
7.2
NO
13.7
ND
3
22.9
39.2
360
6.1
2500
2800
360
B1.7
ND
1.4
9.4
ND
10.8
ND
1
83.9
1 83.9
550
0.2**
3700
4100
580
130
45.9
25.9
0.6
ND
23.2
ND .
Z
53.5
64.6
530*,
0.2**
0.17
4000
520
120
7.4
2.5
16.5
ND
28.8
ND
3
70.5
69.3
550«*
0.2**
3800
4200
540
120
12.3
2.2
20.5
ND
18.1
ND
soil)
Rate

Reactors
1
10.2
2.3
2400
0.2**
1800
1800
230
56.1
5.9
0.4
0.2**
ND
ND
3.4

N/H*

2
16.7
26.4
2600
0.2**
1700
1900
240
55.4
6.0
ND
ND
ND
3.3
6.3



3
30.1
37.4
350
ND
2500
2500
330
73.2
7.6
ND
0.2**
ND
NO
2.8



1
ND++
16.6
190«
0.2**
1400
1500
210
47.0
7.9
ND
0.2**
ND
ND
ND

H/NR**

2
ND
20.7
200
0.2**
1700
1800
230
51.0
6.7
ND
ND
ND
3.9
5.9



3
ND
20.7 •
200
0.2**
1700
1800
260
62.0
29.5
NO
0.2**
ND
4.0
3.4
 *M/M = originally loaded  at  medium rate  (8%), reloaded at medium rate.
 *L/H = originally loaded  at  low rate  (6*), reloaded at high rate (12%).
 *N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate (12%).
**N/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (12%), not reloaded.
++ND = not detected (peak  not present).
**Detection limit.

-------
                                                     TABLE A-46.   CONTINUED
IV)
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
F)uorant!i lie
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo{b)fluoranthene
Benzo(d)fluorantherie
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di ben z ( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
19.9
37.5
10900
4.7
243?
263J
343
81.2
1.8
5.6
13.5
M/M
SO
3.3
1.7
18273
1.2
57.7
152
15.2
1.3
1
4.8
2.7

CV
16
4
167
24
2
6
5
2
55
90
20

X
69.3
72.6
' 513
0.2*
2500
4100
546
123
21.8
10.2
12.6
23.4
L/H
SO '
15.3
10.1
• 1.5
2165
100
30.5
5.8
21
13.6
10.6
5.3

CV
22
14
2
9
2
6
5
9
130
83
23

X
19
22
1780
0.1
2000
2066
267
61.6
6.5
0.1
0.1
1.1
4.2
il/H
SO
10.1
17.9
1250
0. 1
436
379
55
10
0.9
0.2
0.08
1.9
1.9

CV
50
80
69
100
20
18
21
16
15
173
87
173
45

X
19.4
196
n i*
0.2
1600
1700
233
53.4
14.7
0.1
2.6
3.1
H/NR
SD
2.3
5.8
173
173
25
7.7
12.8
0.1
23
3

CV
-

11
10
11
15
87
100
87
96
    *Detection limit.

-------
           TABLE A-47.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL EMULSION
                           SOLIDS REAPPLIED TO  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM  SOIL  (102  DAYS  INCUBATION)
CJl
CO

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+

N/H#

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b) flour anthene
Ben zo( k ) f 1 our anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Ben zo ( gh i ) peryl ene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
43.0
36.9
320
ND
3100
3200
5300
ND
ND
ND
8.5
ND
ND
ND
2
ND**
35.6
320
0.2**
2700
3100
520
ND
ND
ND
4.5
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
35.1
320
0.2**
2800
3100
520
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
60.6
51.9
440
0.2^*
3400
4200
6700
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
.2 3
50.7 -++
50.6
410
ND
3200
3800
620
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
14.3
19.4
270
ND
1800
2200
620
ND
ND
ND
3.1
ND
ND
ND
2
37.3
34.4
410
ND
2800
3400
540
-ND
ND
ND
6.2
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
0.3
4.0#

21.0
24.0
2.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
       *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate  (8%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
       +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%),  reloaded  at  high rate (12%)
       #N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate  (12%).
      **ND = not detected (peak not present).
      **- = not analyzed.
      "'Detection limit.

-------
                                              TABLE A-47.  CONTINUED
in


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo( k) f 1 uur anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di benz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
14.3
35.9
320
0.1
287
3130
523
-
-
-
4.3
-
-
-
M/M
SD
24.8
0.9
_
0.1
208
57.7
5.8
-
-
-
4.2
-
-
-
PAH (mg/kg soil)
L/H
CV
173
3
_
100
7
2
1
-
-
-
98
-
-
-
X
55.6
51.3
425
0.1
3300
4000
3660
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SD
7
0.9
21.2
0.1
141
283
4299
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CV
13
2
5
100
4
7
117
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X
19.2
18
228
0.1
1540
1870
381
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N/H
SD
18.8
17
206
0.1
1410
1711
329
-
-
-
3.1
-
-
-

CV
109
95
90
100
91
91
86
-
-
-
100
-
—1
-

-------
    TABLE A-48.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1  BAR  SOIL MOISTURE  CONTENT
           FOR CREOSOTE WOOD PRESERVING  WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT
              CLAY LOAM SOIL (IMMEDIATELY AFTER  WASTE ADDITION)
                                             PAH  (mg/kg  soil)

                                               Loading Rate


M/M*


H/NR+

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fl uoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b)f 1 uoranthene
Ben zo{ k )fl uoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
230
7.1
510
110
340
340
32.3
30.5
12.5
9.1
7.6
ND**
1.27
1.3
2
210
69.7
440
84.2
320
310
30.9
27.9
11.7
8.2
7.2
ND
1.27
1.2
3
180
55.1
280
60.7
250
250
25.0
22.6
9.7
6.7
5.5
ND
1.27
0.9
1
340
49.1
110
110
430
0.2*
45.7
44.7
18.1
13.0
10.7
ND
1.4
1.7
2
240
43.6
110
180
360
290
37.0
38.0
15.4
10.4
0.16
ND
1.3*
1.5
3
310
43.6
120
150
440
360
45.2
45.6
19.0
13.1
11.3
ND
1.3
1.8
 *M/M = originally loaded  at medium  rate  (1.0%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +H/NR = originally loaded  at  high rate  (1.3%), not reloaded.
 'Detection  limit.
**ND = not detected (peak  not  present).
                                    155

-------
TABLE A-48. "  CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)f luorantriene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indent) (1, 2, 3-cd)pyrene

X
207
44
410
85
303
300
29.4
27
11
7.7
6.6
-
1.3
1.1
M/M
SD
25.2
37.8
118
24.7
47.2
45.8
3.9
4
1.2
0.9
1.0
-
-
0.2

cv
12
75
29
29
16
15
13
15
10
11
15
-
-
16

X
297
3.2
113
147
410
217
42.6
42.8
17.5
12.1
7.4
-
1.3
1.7
H/NR
SD
51.3
0.1
5.8
3.?
43.6
191
4.9
4.1
1.9
1.6
6.3
-
0.1
0.2

CV
17
7
5
24
11
88
11
10
11
13
85
-
5
9
         156

-------
  TABLE  A-49.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH  ANALYSIS AT  -1  BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
     CREOSOTE WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                            (37 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                               PAH  (mg/kg  soil)

                                                Loading Rate

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Ben zo ( k ) f 1 uor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
420
51.2
120
130
540
540
54.3
65.0
22.9
14.4
12.3
ND+
2.8
3.2
M/M*
Replicate Reactors
2
370
73.9
100
240
640
630
72.9
72.4
26.8
15.6
20.9
ND
2.6
ND


3
530
45.6
86.2
190
560
570
62.9
68.4
25.2
15.9
14.8
ND
3.3
3.8
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1.0%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                    157

-------
TABLE A-49.- CONTINUED
                PAH  (mg/kg soil)
                        M/M
                         SD               CV
Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
395
6.25
110
185
590
585
63.6
68.7
24.8
15
16.6
-
2.7
1.6
35.4
16
14.2
77.8
70.7
63.6
13.2
5.2
2.8
0.8
6
-
0.1
2.3
9
26
13
42
12
11
21
8
11
6
37
-
5
141
         158

-------
        TABLE A-50.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH  ANALYSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
           CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WOOD  PRESERVING WASTE  REAPPLIED TO
                  DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL (74 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                            PAH  (mg/kg  soil)

                                              Loading Rate


M/M*


H/NR+

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzol |b)f 1 uoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzol a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno ( 1 , 2, 3-cd ) pyrene
1
ND#
29.2
26.5
700
340
370
53.0
51.4
17.4
16.4
18.0
ND
2.5
2.5
2
ND
56.1
83.2
150
570
580
79.7
72.1
23.5
28.5
31.6
50.9
21.4
9.1
3
ND
73.5
120
170
780
680
84.7
77.8
28.4
29.4
31.6
49.1
18.1
8.9
1
ND
91.0
140
190
960
870
100
96.4
35.2
35.4
39.1
60.7
22.4
11.1
2
ND
15.8
13.7
58.5
260
190
33.3
30.6
10.2
7.6
6.5
1.0
2.4
1.6
3
ND
8.1
6.9
26.9
130
97.4
17.0
16.6
5.6
3.8
3.2
ND
1.3**
0.7
**
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1.0%),  reloaded  at medium  rate.
 +H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (1.3%), not  reloaded.
     = not detected (peak not present).
  Detection limit.
                                    159

-------
TABLE A-50.   CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)



Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X


52.9
76.5
340
563
543
72.5
67.1
23.1
24.7
27
33.3
14
6.8
M/M
SD

.
223
47.1
312
220
158
17
13.9
5.5
7.3
7.9
28.8
10
3.8

CV

.
42
62
92
39
29
24
21
24
29
29
87
72
55

X

—
38.3
53.5
91.8
450
386
50.1
47.9
17
15.6
16.2
20.6
8.69
4.5
H/NR
SD
t
—
45.8
74.9
86.5
446
422
43.9
42.6
15.9
17.3
19.8
34.8
11.9
5.8

CV

—
119
140
94
99
109
28
89
94
110
122
169
137
129
         160

-------
  TABLE A-51.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
     CREOSOTE WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                            (102 DAYS  INCUBATION)
                                               PAH  (mg/kg  soil)


M/M*

Replicate Keactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND+
25.7
12.7
60.5
340
220
55.1
71.3
24.7
15.4
14.3
ND
2.4
2.0
2
ND
31.6
15.7
79.0
430
330
74.2
81.1
27.2
25.5
28.1
ND
3.8
3.4
3
ND
23.5
10.9
54.7
340
290
68.4
72.3
25.2
22.5
25.9
ND
40
.e.
.6
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1.056), reloaded at medium rate.
#ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                     161

-------
TABLE A-51.' CONTINUED
                 PAH (rug/kg soil)
                         M/M
                           SD
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzol kjfluoranthene
Benzol ajpyrene
Benzol ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
„
26.9
13.1
64.7
370
280
65.9
74.9
25.7
21.1
22.8
-
3.5
3
—
4.2
2.4
12.7
51.9
55.7
9.8
5.4
1.3
5.2
7.4
-
0.9
0.8
_
16
20
20
14
20
15
7
5
25
33
-
27
29
         162

-------
               TABLE  A-52.   RESULTS  FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WOOD PRESERVING
                           WASTE REAPPLIED TO  KIDMAN SANDY  LOAM SOIL (IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION)
CO
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H*


N/H*


H/NR**

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracen
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo( b) flour anthene
Ben zo{ k ) f 1 our anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Oi benzf a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
350
160
780
250
650
630
58.7
56.0
23.0
12.9
15.1
NO
1.3
2.1
2
280
130
670
180
500
490
47.0
46.6
19.0
14.1
12.1
ND
1.5
2.4
3
320
160
730
210
620
570
57.4
54.9
21.4
16.6
14.0
ND
2.3
2.2
1
290
150
740
190
560
550
51.8
50.5
21.5
18.7
20.5
ND
6.3
3.5
2
290
150
740
200
550
540
49.5
46.4
18.8
13.4
11.9
ND
1.5
ND
3
290
150
740
210
550
540
50.5
48.1
19.4
14.4
12.0
ND
4.8
1.9
1
260
170
820
180
560
570
52.1
49.9
20.5
3.5
13.0
0.8
1.6
2.1
2
280
170
820
180
560
570
52.1
49.9
20.6
3.5
13.0
0.8
1.6
2.1
3
280
190
860
370
580
580
53.3
51.7
21.2
3.7
13.7
ND
1.8
2.1
I
ND++
100
1300
530
480
500
37.4
46.0
30.3
11.0
13.8
N°«
1.3"
ND
2
ND
100
750
260
490
470
45.4
42.4
17.4
9.9
10.5
ND
1.3
2.0
3
ND
100
810
170
560
550
51.7
48.8
19.9
11.6
12.3
ND
1.3"
2.1
      *M/M  = originally  loaded at medium rate (0.7%), reloaded at medium rate.
      +L/H  = originally  loaded at low rate (0.4X), reloaded at high rate (1.0*).
      *N/H  = nonaccllmated soil loaded at high rate (1.05!).
     **N/NR = originally loaded at high rate (1.0*), not reloaded.
     ++ND = not detected (peak not present).
     **0etection limit.

-------
                                                    TABLE  A-52.    CONTINUED
en
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
B -nzofdjfluordnthene
oenzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
lndeno( 1 , 2 , 3-cd)pyrcne

X
317
150
727
213
590
563
5.3
• I
14.5
13.7
1.7
2.2
M/M
SO
35
17.3'
55
35.1
79.4
70.2
6.4
5.1
2
1.9
1.5
0.5
0.2

CV
11
12
8
17
13
12
12
If
10
13
11
31
7

X
290
150
,740
200
553
543
50.6
48.3
19.9
15.5
14.8
4.2
2.7
L/H
SD
-
10
5.8
5.8
1.2
2.1
1.4
2.8
4.9
2.5
1.1

CV
-
5
1
1
2
4
7
18
33
58
42

X
273
177
833
243
567
573
52.5
50.5
20.7
3.5
13.2
.7
1.6
2.1

N/H
SD
11.5
11.5
23
110
11.5
5.8
0.7
1
0.4
0.1
0.4
.1
0.1



4
7
3
45
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
20
7
0


X
100
953
320
510
507
44.8
45.7
27.5
10.8
12.2
1.3
7.7

H/NR
SD
-
302
187
43.6
7.2
3.2
6.8
0.8
1.6
n.?
9 °-


CV
-
32
59
O
16
7
30
8
14
1
128

-------
                 TABLE A-53.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE
                    WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL  (37  DAYS  INCUBATION)
en
en

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*




L/H+


N/H*

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b) flour anthene
Benzo(k) flour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
560
190
820
460
810
700
58.1
70.1
25.4
16.8
13.5
ND
1.8
3.4
Z
190
240
'860
480
950
860
75.3
76.2
26.0
13.7
15.2
ND
1.8
3.0
3
820
260
890
460
900
770
70.
73.
25.
17.
15.
ND
3.
3.







5
1
9
3
0

9
5
1
330
210
830
320
800
760
70.
70.
28.
16.
17.
ND
1.
3.







8
1
5
1
6

6
0
2
580
200
860
370
930
820
68.8
77.6
29.9
19.0
16.2
ND
3.6
3.8
3
ND**
270
890
470
960
ND
66.0
83.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
10.3
1.8
1
160
150
560
190
530
530
50.6
50.5
19.1
10.0
13.5
ND
1.3++
0.3++
2
230
51.9
320
160
360
360
31.5
35.9
12.0
6.1
5.1
ND
1.8
2.1
3
250
. 120
650
200
410
420
37.6
40.3
15.0
8.5
8.0
ND
1.7
2.1
        *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.7%),  reloaded at medium rate.
        +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.4%),  reloaded at high rate (1.0%).
        #N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate (l.W).
       **ND = not detected (peak not present).
       ++0etection limit.

-------
TABLE A-53.  CONTINUED


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Ben zo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo( a) pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
523
230
857
467
887
776
67.9
73
25.7
15.9
14.5
-
2.5
3.3
M/M
5D
317
36
35
11.5
70.9
80.2
8.8
3
0.3
1.9
0.9
-
1.2
0.3
PAH (mg/kg soil)
L/H
CV
60
16
4
2
8
10
13
4
1
12
6
-
49
8
*
303
227
860
387
897
527
68.
77.
19.
11.
11.
-
5.
2.







5
1
5
7
2

1
8
SD
291
38
30
76.4
85
457
2.4
6.8
16.9
10.2
9.8
-
4.5
1
CV
96
17
3
20
9
87
4
9
87
87
87
-
88
35
X
160
111
373
307
320
437
200
42
25
11
7
4
1
1








.3
.8
.2
.7
.5
.2
.8
N/H
SD
138
54.6
254
220
115
86.2
286
7.5
21.4
6.9
2.5
7.8
1
0.5

CV
86
49
68
72
36
20
143
18
83
62
32
173
87
26

-------
en
               TABLE A-54.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WOOD  PRESERVING
                                 WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL  (74  DAYS  INCUBATION)
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate



Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b) flour an thene
Benzo(k)flouranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Diben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1 '
ND++
82.8
430
160
410
320
38.4
39.5
12.6
8.8
12.9
26.9
13.0
59.9
M/M*

2
ND
120
530
160
620
410
46.1
47.9
13.6
7.8
8.0
ND
4.1
2.0


3'
ND
210
670
280
160
900
83.8
85.7
23.7
13.2
12.9
ND
5.8
3.6


1
NO
0.2
' 1.7
0.17
110
56.1
24.4
5.8
ND
ND
0.15
NO
ND
0.3*
L/H+

Repl ic ate
2
ND
140
580
170
730
500
56.7
58.9
17.9
11.2
12.6
2.4
2.6
2.4
3
ND
200
670
250
120
690
77.5
77.4
24.9
20.4
17.6
ND
4.4
4.0

N/H*
Reactors
1
ND
33.0
65.5
70.0
260
200
26.7
27.9
8.6
6.5
5.5
0.8
1.3
1.4
2
ND
57.5
180
110
400
310
38.7
40.2
12.9
10.1
8.8
NO
2.2
2.2


3
ND
42.0
80.4
86.2
330
260
35.6
36.0
13.0
12.3
13.0
0.6**
7.1
3.5


1
ND
56.6
390
110
300
270
27.5
26.8
10.1
9.2
9.5
14.3
5.0
3.8
H/NR**

2
ND
66.6
530
92.4
410
370
37.4
35.8
13.5
12.2
13.4
25.1
11.1
3.9


3
ND
93.1
580
190
480
420
43.3
42.8
15.4
ND
16.9
48.1
12.6
12.6
     *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.7X),  reloaded  at medium rate.
     +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.4X),  reloaded  at  high rate (1.0*).
     *N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (1.0%).
    **N/NR = originally loaded at high rate (l.OX), not reloaded.
    *4ND = not detected (peak not present).
    ^Detection limit.

-------
TABLE A-54.    CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzol a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo( b)f luoranthene
Benzol d) f 1 uor anthene
Benzol ajpyrene
Benzolghi )per/lene
Oiben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
.
138
543
200
397
543
56.1
72
16.6
9.9
11.3
9
7.6
2.9
M/M
SO
—
65.4
121
69.3
230
312
24.3
20.9
6.2
2.9
2.8
15.5
4.7
0.8

CV
—
48
22
34
58
57
43
29
37
29
25
173
62
28

*
_
• 113
417
140
320
415
52.8
47.3
14.3
10.5
10.1
0.8
2.3
2.2
L/H
SO CV
_ ..
102 90
362 87
128 91
355 111
325 78
26.8 51
37.2 78
12.8 90
10.2 97
9 89
1.4 173
2.2 95
1.9 83

if
_
44.2
109
88.7
330
257
33.6
34.7
11.5
9.6
9.1
0.5
3.5
2.4
N/H
SO
_
12.4
62.9
20
70
55
6.7
6.3
2.5
2.9
3.8
0.4
3.1
1.0

Cv
_
28
57
23
21
22
19
18
22
30
41
90
88
45

X
_
72.1
500
131
397
'53
Jib
35.1
13
7.1
13.3
29.1
9.6
6.8
H/NR
SO
_
18.9
98.5
52
90.7
76.4
8
8
2.7
6.3
3.7
17.2
4
5

CV
_
26
20
40
23
22
22
23
21
89
28
59
42
75

-------
               TABLE A-55.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE
                  WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM SOIL  (102  DAYS  INCUBATION)
CTl
UD

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+


N/H#

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b) flour anthene
Ben zo(k) flour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
NO**
5.3
400
150
400
330
39.2
46.2
15.2
13.5
11.0
ND
1.9
2.0
2
ND
42.0
290
130
430
360
45.5
51.2
16.8
15.0
12.0
ND
2.2
2.3
3
ND
58.7
360
210
420
340
42.7
48.2
15.3
14.5
11.8
ND
2.2
1.9
1
ND
41.3
260
81.8
230
190
24.5
27.8
9.2
7.9
7.6
ND
1.3++
1.1
2
ND
16.7
52.9
59.4
130
120
15.8
21.7
5.5
4.6
3.6
ND
1.3++
0.64
3
ND
37.7
170
110
300
260
33.8
43.4
12.5
12.3
12.4
ND
2.1
2.1
1
ND
9.8
15.0
49.4
220
160
26.0
30.5
9.6
8.2
6.4
ND
1.7
1.5
Z
ND
11.8
16.7
68.6
150
130
21.6
26.8
8.5
6.4
5.1
ND
1.7
1.2
3
ND
10.0
10.2
4.6.8
200
170
33.9
39.2
13.0
12.0
12.8
ND
2.2
1.9
      *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.7%),  reloaded  at medium  rate.
      +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.4%),  reloaded  at  high rate  (1.0%).
      *N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate (1.0%).
     **ND = not detected (peak not present).
     """Detection limit.

-------
TABLE A-55.  CONTINUED


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Ben zo ( gh i ) per yl ene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
mf
3D
350
163
417
393
42.4
48.5
15.7
14.3
11.6
-
2.1
2
M/M
SD
—
27.3
55.7
91.6
15.3
15.3
3.2
2.5
0.9
0.7
0.5
-
0.2
0.2
PAH (rag/kg soil)
L/H
CV
—
77
16
26
4
4
7
5
6
5
5
-
8
10
X
_
31.9
161
83.7
220
190
24.7
31
9
8.3
7.9
-
1.5
1.2
SD
_
13.3
104
25.4
85.5
70
9
11.2
3.5
3.8
4.4
-
0.5
0.7
CV
_
42
65
30
39
37
36
36
39
47
6
-
31
58
X
_
10.5
14
55
190
153
27.2
32.2
10.4
8.9
8.1
-
1.8
1.5
N/H
SD
H
1.1
3.4
11.9
36
20.8
6.2
6.4
2.3
2.9
4.1
-
0.3
0.3

CV
_
10
24
22
19
14
23
20
23
32
51
-i
15
20

-------
     TABLE A-56.   RESULTS FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1  BAR SOIL MOISTURE  CONTENT
        FOR  PENTACHLOROPHENOL  WOOD PRESERVING  WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT
               CLAY  LOAM  SOIL  (IMMEDIATELY  AFTER  WASTE ADDITION)
                                             PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                               Loading Rate


M/M*


H/NR+

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND#
69.2
410
130
250
260
13.1
21.9
8.6
3.3
5.7
ND
1.3
1.8
2
ND
140
690
230
380
450
39.1
58.0
24.2
12.8
11.7
ND
2.4
2.0
3
ND
160
710
490
350
410
33.4
57.6
21.9
10.5
9.8
ND
3.2
2.3
1
ND
44.7
180
80.0
190
210
19.1
28.3
17.1
5.2
4.9
ND
ND
0.4
2
ND
29.4
340
130
250
250
20.6
33.9
10.9
4.0
4.4
1.6
1.6
1.5
3
ND
21.5
78.9
38.8
89.5
100
8.8
14.4
8.8
2.9
2.4
0.6**
ND
0.7
**
 M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.5%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (0.7%), not  reloaded.
*ND = not detected (peak not present).
 Detection limit.
                                    171

-------
TABLE A-56.   CONTINUED

PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a.h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
.
121
603
283
327
373
28.5
45.8
18.2
8.9
9.1
-
2.3
2
M/M
SD
.
51.3
168
186
681
100
13.7
20.7
8.4
4.9
3.1
-
1
0.3

CV
—
42
28
66
21
27
48
45
46
56
34
-
42
12

X
—
31.9
200
83
177
187
16.2
25.5
12.3
4
3.9
0.72
0.5
0.9
H/NR
SD
—
11.8
132
45.7
81.1
77.7
6.4
10
4.3
1.2
1.3
0.8
0.9
0.6

CV
—
37
66
55
46
42
40
39
35
29
34
113
173
66
         172

-------
  TABLE A-57.   RESULTS FOR  PAH ANA1YSIS  AT  -1  BAR  SOIL MOISTURE  CONTENT FOR
    PENTACHLOROPHENOL  WOOD  PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM
                          SOIL (37 DAYS  INCUBATION)
                                               PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                                 Loadinq  Rate

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f 1 uoranthene
Benzo( k )f 1 uoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
ND+
140
640
250
480
410
47.1
65.3
32.5
23.5
32.2
44.8
18.2
7.7
M/M*
Replicate Reactors
2
ND
140
670
280
220
440
46.1
65.7
25.5
17.0
14.3
ND
3.0
2.6


3
ND
130
640
210
480
410
46.2
65.4
30.3
24.3
30.6
33.9
15.1
7.4
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.5%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                    173

-------
                           TABLE A-57.' CONTINUED
                                            PAH (mg/kg soil)
                                                    M/M
                                    174
                                                                      CV
Naphthalene                         -                  -
Fluorene                          137                 5.8              4
Phenanthrene                      650                17.3              3
Anthracene                        247                35.1             14
Fluoranthene                      393               150               38
Pyrene                            420                17.3              4
Benzo(a)anthracene                 46.5               0.6              1
Chrysene                           65.5               0.2              0.3
Benzo(b)fluoranthene               29.4               3.6             12
Benzo(k)fluoranthene               21.6               4               19
Benzo(a)pyrene                     25.7               9.9             39
Benzo(ghi)perylene                 26.2              23.4             89
Dibenz( a,h) anthracene              12.1               8               66
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene             59                 2.9             49

-------
    TABLE A-58.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
       FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT
                     CLAY LOAM SOIL (74 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                             PAH (mg/kg soil)

                                               Loading Rate


M/M*
H/NR+
Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phen ant hrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant here
Pyrene
Ben2o( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a.h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND#
46.0
150
120
350
320
42.9
50.4
22.3
14.2
13.2
ND
3.0
3.5
2
ND
100
560
210
430
410
46.3
58.8
26.0
17.3
15.7
ND
2.9
3.3
3
ND
38.2
78.0
160
350'
300
48.6
58.6
25.4
17.3
15.8
ND
3.2
3.9
1
ND
2.2
6.0
7.9
110
83.6
18.9
23.8
10.4
5.9
5.4
ND
1.3**
1.2
2
ND
1.8
5.4
7.7
62.3
49.8
11.0
14.1
9.6
3.2
2.8
0.6**
1.3**
0.9
3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.5%),  reloaded  at medium  rate,
 +H/NR = originally loaded at high rate  (0.7%), not  reloaded.
*ND = not detected (peak not present).
**Detection limit.
                                    175

-------
TABLE A-58. -  CONTINUED


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
—
61.4
263
163
377
343
45.9
55.9
24.6
16.3
14.9
-
3
3.6
M/M
SD
—
33.7
260
45.1
46.2
58.6
2.9
4.8
2
1.8
1.5
-
0.2
0.3
PAH (mg/kg soil)
•
—
55
99
28
12
17
6
8.5
8
11
10
-
5
9
X
_
1.3
3.8
5.2
57.4
44.5
10
12.6
6.7
3
2.7
0.2
0.8
0.7
H/NR
SD
_
1.2
3.3
4.5
55.2
41.9
9.5
12
5.8
2.9
2.7
0.3
0.7
0.6

C"
_
88
87
87
96
94
95
95
89
97
99
173
87
89
         176

-------
  TABLE  A-59.  RESULTS FOR  PAH ANALYSIS AT  -1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
   PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO DURANT CLAY LOAM
                         SOIL (102 DAYS INCUBATION)
                                              PAH  (mg/kg soil)

                                                Loading Rate


M/M*
Keplicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a,h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND+
15.6
13.9
50.1
300
270
58.2
59.4
25.2
18.7
18.0
ND
2.6
3.0
2
ND
18.0
16.3
41.8
280
260
51.8
53.0
22.0
16.6
15.8
ND
2.0
2.3



ND
32.1
25.9
— • •
89.1
420
370
72.7
T A C
74.5
31.8
OO £
22 .6
11 f\
21.9
Mf\
ND
3 A
.4
3.7
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.5%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
+ND = not detected (peak not present).
                                     177

-------
TABLE A-59." CONTINUED
                PAH  (mg/kg soil)
                        M/M	
                	SD	CT
Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluor anthene
Ben zo(k)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
_
21.9
18.7
60.3
333
300
60.9
67.3
26.3
19.3
18.6
-
2.7
3
_
8.9
6.3
25.3
75.7
60.8
10.7
11
5
3
- 3.1
—
0.7
0.7
-
41
34
42
23
20
18
18
1 f\
19
<• f
16
• *
16
~
26
23
         178

-------
TABLE A-60.   CONTINUED
PAH (mg/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b)fluor anthene
Benzo(d)fluor anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di benz( a, h) anthracene
lndeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

a
.
29.7
83.7
41.6
92.4
97.4
9.9
13.6
5.5
2.7
2.4
0.8
0.4
0.4
M/M
So
.
2.9
10.1
3.8
11
14
1.2
1.5
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.1

CV
.
10
12
9
12
14
12
11
13
15
13
56
173
34

x
m
34.3
86.7
50.5
96.7
107
7.9
11.7
1.9
0.5
1
-
9.2
Z.5
L/H
SD CV
_ _
29.9 87
75 . 7 87
44.5 88
83.9 87
92.4 87
7.2 91
10.2 87
3.2 173
0.8 173
1.6 160
-
7.3 173
4.4 173

X
_
49.2
120
69.4
73.3
143
14
20.7
8
2.6
4.8
-
-
2.8
N/H
SD
_
1.7
-
7.2
63.5
5.8
1.6
1.8
1.5
2.5
0.3
-
-
3.4

CV
_
3
-
10
87
4
11
9
19
94
6
-
-
139

X
.
7.3
41.2
15.4
53.1
57.8
5.5
8.3
3.8
1.5
1.0
0.2
-
0.2
H/NR
SD
.
6.8
34.1
13.5
45.5
49.4
5
6.7
3.3
1.4
1.0
0.3
-
0.4

CV
_
92
83
88
86
85
89
80
87
94
94
173
-
173

-------
      TABLE  A-60.   RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING
                      WASTE REAPPLIEO TO  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM  SOIL  (IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION)
PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate



Naphthalene
Flourene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
oo Pyrene
° Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f louranthene
Benzo( k)f lour anthene
Ben7o(a)pyrene
Benzofghi )perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
ND"
29.7
87.1
37.2
97.3
100
10.3
14.1
5.7
2.7
2.5
1.4
ND
0.5
M/M*

2
111'
32.6
91.6
43.9
100
110
10.8
14.9
6.1
3.1
2.7
0.6
ND
0.3**


3
ND
26.8
72.3
43.7
79.8
82.3
8.6
12.0
4.7
2.3
2.1
0.5**
HO..
0.3**


1
ND
48.1
120
84.2
150
160
9.8
16.2
ND
ND
NO
ND
170
95.1
L/H+
Repl
2

icate
3
ND 0.3
54.9
140
67.2
140
160
14.0
18.9
5.6
1.4
2.9 0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.2**
NO
ND
NO

N/H*
Reactors
1
ND
50.8
120
77.4
ND
140
15.6
22.7
9.6
4.9
5.1
ND
ND
0.5
T
ND
47.5
120
63.4
110
140
12.5
19.7
7.8
3.0
4.5
ND
ND
0.6


3
ND
49.3
120
67.3
110
150
14.0
19.6
6.6
ND
4.8
ND
ND
7.3


1
NO
13.9
66.4
26.1
87.7
94.7
9.5
13.2
5.4
2.8
1.8
0.6**
ND
ND
H/NR**

Z
ND
7.7
54.7
19.9
69.9
77.0
7.2
11.0
6.0
1.7
1.1
ND
NO
0.7


3
ND
0.4
2.4
0.2**
1.6
1.7
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
 *M/M = originally loaded  at medium rate (0.15%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded  at low rate (0.075%), reloaded at high rate (0.3%).
 *N/H = nonacclimated  soil  loaded at high rate (0.3%).
**N/NR = originally loaded  at high rate (0.3<), not reloaded.
++ND = not detected (peak not present).
**Detection limit.

-------
          TABLE A-61.   RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS  AT -1/3  BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR  PENTACHLOROPHENOL
                 WOOD PRESERVING  WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL  (37 DAYS INCUBATION)
00

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+


N/H#

Replicate Reactors

Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor ant hene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)flouranthene
Benzo(k)flouranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND**
3.9
14.2
3.9
18.0
16.1
0.8++
2.8
2.0
0.5
0.3
ND
ND
0.3++
2
ND
ND
1.13
0.2++
ND
ND
0.8++
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3
0.3++
25.0
87.2
40.0
120
110
13.2
16.2
6.8
4.6
3.5
ND
1.3++
0.7
1
ND
53.1
160
76.6
180
170
20.9
24.2
10.8
7.4
6.0
ND
ND
1.5
2
ND
54.8
180
65.5
190
180
21.4
24.6
11.3
7.3
6.0
ND
1.4
1.2
3
ND
0.5
2.5
0.2++
1.4
1.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
ND
30.3
100
40.2
120
110
12.4
14.8
6.9
4.3
3.7
ND
ND
0.4
2
ND
33.8
110
38.2
120
110
11.8
15.0
7.1
4.3
3.7
ND
ND
0.3++
3
ND
32.0
97.9
40.3
110
110
12.3
14.5
11.8
4.3
3.8
ND
1.3++
0.5
     *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.15%), reloaded at medium rate.
     +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.075%), reloaded at high rate (1.0%).
     #N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (0.3*).
    **ND = not detected (peak not present).
    """Detection limit.
    ++- = not analyzed.

-------
                                             TABLE A-61.  CONTINUED
oo
ro

*
M/M
SL> CV
PAH (mg/kg soil)
L'"
x SD CV
N/H
x SD

CV
    Naphthalene
    Fluorene
    Phenanthrene
    Anthracene
    Fluoranthene
    Pyrene
    Benzo(a)anthracene
    Chrysene
    Benzo(b)fluoranthene
    Benzo(k)fluoranthene
^   Benzo(a)pyrene
    Benzo(gh1)perylene
    Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
    Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene
                                    9.6   13.4    139
                                   34.2   46.4    135
                                   14.7   22      149
                                   46     64.7    140
                                   42     59.4    141
                                    4.7    7.4    159
                                    6.3    8.7    136
                                    3.6    2.8     77
                                    1.8    2.4    134
                                    1.3    1.9    153
                                    0.5
                                    0.5
0.7
0.3
127
 59
                   36.4   30.9     85
                  114     97.2     85
                   47.4   41.4     87
                  124    106       86
                  117     101      86
                   14.1    12.2    87
                   16.3    14.1    87
                    7.4     6.4    87
                    4.9     4.2    87
                    4       3.5    87
0.5
1
0.8
0.6
173
 63
                                        32        1.8     5
                                       103        6.5     6
                                        39.6      1.2     3
                                       117        5.8     5
                                       110
                                        12.2      0.3     3
                                        14.7      0.3     2
                                         8.6      2.8    32
                                         4.3
                                         3.7      0.06    2
0.4     0.1    26

-------
               TABLE A-62.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE  CONTENT  FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL  WOOD PRESERVING
                                WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL  (74  DAYS  INCUBATION)
oa

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate


M/M*


L/H+

Replicate

Naphthalene
Flourene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Ben zo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Ben zo(b) flour anthene
8enzo(k)f lour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzotghi Jperylene
0 i ben z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
1
ND++
0.9
3.2
2.2
14.7
15.3
2.6
3.2
2.5
0.6
0.3
NO
NO
0.3
2
ND
1.9
9.3
4.0
12.6
12.0
1.8
2.2
1.6
0.3
0.2
ND
ND
0.3**
3
ND
15.6
63.3
44.3
110
93.0
12.8
15.3
6.7
4.0
2.8
1.3**
0.6
1
ND
20.4
40.4
'54.8
110
120
17.8
20.1
9.4
5.9
4.8
K3**
0.8
2
ND
ND
ND
0.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3
ND
ND
1.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

N/H*


H/NR"

Reactors
1
ND
9.3
44.8
21.7
47.8
43.4
4.9
6.4
4.2
1.1
0. 7
0. 6**
NH
0.4
2
NO
27.6
99.7
41.3
110
100
11.1
14.8
10.5
3.3
2.3
NO
1.3**
0.5
3
ND
15.9
75.2
31.6
82.0
73.8
8.0
11.2
7.2
2.2
1.3
0.9
1.3"
0.5
1
ND
ND
3.3
11.6
38.3
4.1
9.3
12.4
7.8
2.8
1.6
K3**
0.5
2
ND
3.6
5.0
22.1
63.4
53.9
11.1
14.3
9.1
3.2
1.8
ND
NO
0.5
3
ND
1.3
4.2
18. C
64.1
54.4
1?.2
15. S
5.8
3.7
?.o
NO
1.3"
0.7
    *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.15%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
    +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.075*),  reloaded  at high rate (0.3%).
    *N/H = nonacclimated soil  loaded at high rate  (0.3%).
   **N/NR = originally loaded  at high rate (0.3%),  not reloaded.
   t+ND = not detected (peak not present).
   ^Detection limit.

-------
                                                    TABLE A-62.   CONTINUED
CO
PAH (ing/kg soil)


Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Muoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Dirysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo{d)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Di b en z( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
6.1
25.3
16.8
45.8
40.1
5.7
6.9
3.6
1.6
1.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
M/M
SO
8.2
33.1
23.8
55.7
45.8
6.2
7.3
2.7
2
1.4
0.3
0.7
0.2

cV
134
130
141
121
114
106
105
75.6
125
134
173
173
44

X
6.8
13.9
18.3
36.7
40
5.9
6.7
3.1
2
1.6
0.4
0.3
L/H
SO
11.8
23
31.6
63.5
69.3
10.2
11.6
5.4
3.4
2.8
0.7
0.5

CV
173
166
172
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173

X
17.6
73.2
31.5
79.9
72.4
8
10. B
7.3
2.2
1.4
0.5
0.8
0.5
N/H
SO
9.3
27.5
9.8
31.2
28.3
3.1
4.2
3.1
1.1
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.06

CV
53
38
31
39
39
39
39
43
50
56
93
87
12

X
1.6
4.2
17.5
55.3
37.5
L0.9
14.2
7.6
3.2
1.8
0.3
0.8
0.6
H/NR
SO
1.8
0.8
5.4
14.7
28.9
1.5
1.7
1.7
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.7
0.1

CV
111
20
31
27
77
13
12
??
I/ J
87
20

-------
           TABLE A-63.  RESULTS FOR PAH ANALYSIS AT -1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL
                 WOOD  PRESERVING WASTE REAPPLIED TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL (102 DAYS INCUBATION)
00
in

PAH (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate



Naphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluor anthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)f lour anthene
Benzo(k)f lour anthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz( a, h) anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene


1
ND**
4.5
6.4
28.7
91.0
75.3
18.0
18.3
7.7
6.8
5.5
4.5
2.7
1.4
M/M*

Z
ND
3.9
43.1
32.7
100
100
16.8
16.8
6.7
5.2
4.3
0.6
ND
0.7


3
ND
11.0
16.4
40.4
69.6
73.9
16.0
15.9
6.7
5.2
4.3
ND
ND
0.6

Repl
1
ND
10.0
21.4
63.7
140
160
31.2
30.1
12.7
10.1
9.2
ND
1.3++
1.5
L/H+


N/H#

icate Reactors
2
ND
6.6
3.6
36.8
100
100
20.1
20.4
8.3
6.5
5.6
ND
ND
0.8
3
ND
9.2
9.4
55.8
94.2
110
20.3
21.1
8.7
6.3
5.3
ND
ND
0.8
1
ND
9.3
8.4
36.9
77.7
83.5
17.1
17.0
6.7
4.8
4.2
ND
ND
0.6
T
ND
19.2
90.4
42.3
120
120
16.9
17.4
6.6
5.0
3.9
ND
ND
0.6
3
ND
17.4
81.9
5*3.3
140
130
18.8
19.0
7.2
5.7
4.9
ND
ND
0.6
      *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.15%), reloaded at  medium rate.
      +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.075%), reloaded at high rate (1.0%),
      *N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (0.3%).
     **ND = not detected (peak not present).
     "'"''Detection limit.

-------
                                              TABLE  A-63.   CONTINUED
GO


Naphthalene
Fluorenp
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(a.h) -jracene
Indeno(a,2,3-cd)pyrene

X
—
6.5
22
33.9
86.9
83.1
16.7
17
7.1
5.7
4.7
1.7
1.7
0.9
M/M
SD
—
3.9
19
5.9
15.6
14.7
1
1.2
0.6
0.9
0.7
2.4
0.8
0.4
PAH (mg/kg soil)
L/H
CV
—
61
86
18
18
18
6
7
8
16
15
143
47
48
X
—
8.6
11.5
52.1
111
123
23.9
23.9
9.9
7.6
6.7
-
0.4
1
SD
_
1.8
9.1
13.9
24.9
32.1
6.3
5.4
2.4
2.1
2.2
-
0.7
0.4
CV
_
21
79
27
22
26
27
23
25
28
0.3
-
173
39
5c
_
15.3
60.2
44.2
113
111
17.6
17.8
6.8
5.2
4.3
-
-
0.6
N/'
SO
_
5.3
45.1
8.4
31.8
24.5
1
1
0.3
0.5
0.5
-
-
-

"TV
_
35
65
19
28
22
6
6
5
9
12
*•
0
-

-------
  TABLE A-64 .   RESULTS FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL ANALYSIS  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME
            FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVING WASTE MIXED WITH
                         DURANT CLAY LOAM AT -1 BAR
PCP (mg/kg soil)
Loadinq Rate
Time
(days)
0
37
74
102
164


1
390
320
340
99
330
M/M*
Replicate
Z 3
410 -#
330
340
83
330 410
H/NR+
Reactors
1 2
220 230
-
210 270
-
370 34


3
-
-
-
-
270
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.5%),  reloaded  at medium rate.
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (0.7/K), not  reloaded.
*- = not analyzed.
                                     187

-------
                           TABLE  A-64  .   CONTINl-  1
PCP (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate
Time
(days)
0
37
74
102
164

X
400
320
340
91
360
M/M*
SO
14
7.1
0
11
46

CV
3.5
2.2
0
12
13
ri/NR+
x 5D CV
220 7.1 3.2
.#
240 42 18
_
220 170 77
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.5%), reloaded at medium rate.
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (0.7%), not reloaded.
#- = not analyze-:.
                                    188

-------
00
                   TABLE A-65.  RESULTS FOR  PENTACHLOROPHENOL ANALYSIS WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  FOR
                                PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD  PRESERVING WASTE MIXED WITH
                                          KIDMAN SANDY LOAM AT -1/3 BAR

PCP (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate
Time
(days)

0
37
74
102
164

M/M*

L/H+

N/H#

H/NR**
Replicate Reactors
1
270
140
210
150
120
2 3
_++
150
140
150
110 200
1
160
220
190
210
95
2 3
160
190
200
170
96 64
1
.
130
140
140
130
2 3
.
140
160
140
110 93
1
120
-
110
-
95
2 3
240
-
160
-
95 100
      *M/M = originally loaded  at  medium rate  (0.15%), reloaded at medium rate.
      +L/H = originally loaded  at  low rate  (0.075%), reloaded at high rate  (0.3%).
      #N/H = nonacclimated  soil  loaded at high rate  (0.3%).
     **H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate  (0.3%), not reloaded.
     "H"- = not analyzed.

-------
                                              TABLE  A-65.   CONTINUED
to
0
PCP (mg/kg soil)
Loading Rate
Time
(days)
0
37
74
102
164

X
270
140
180
150
140
M/M*
SO
_++
7.1
50
0
49

CV

5.1
28
0
35

X
160
200
200
190
85
L/H+
SD
0
21
7.1
28
18

CV
0
11
3.6
15
21

X
—
140
150
140
110
N/H#
SD
—
7.1
14
0
18

CV
—
5.1
9.3
0
16

X
180
-
140
-
97
H/NR**
SD
85
-
35
-
2.9

CV
47
-
25
-
3.0
       M/M = originally loaded  at medium rate  (0.15%), reloaded  at medium rate.
      +L/H = originally loaded  at low rat.'.-  (0.075%), reloaded  at high rate  (0.3%)
      *N/H = nonacclimated  soil  loaded  al high rate  (0.3%).
     **H/NR = originally loaded at  high rate (0.3%), not reloaded.
     ++- = not analyzed.

-------
         TABLE A- 66.   RESULTS  FOR  PH  VALUES  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  AT
           LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED WITH
                            DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                      pH Values
Sample Time        Replicate Reactors
  (day)        12
               Load Rate(% waste wet/soil dry)
                                 0.7%
  0            6.7       6.4          6.4
 37            6.6       6.4          6.4
234            7.9       7.2          7.0

               Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
                                1%

  0            6.6       6.5          6.5
 37            6.5       6.5          6.4
234            7.5       7.1          7.3

               Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                1.3%

  0            6.4       6.5          6.4
 37            6.8       6.5          6.4
234            7.8       7.3          6.9

                          Control

  0            6.6       6.6          6.4
 37            6.7       6.4          6.4
234            6.6       6.4          6.6
                                    191

-------
       TABLE A-67.  RESULTS FOR PH VALUES WITH INCUBATION TIME AT
         LOW SOI!  MOISTURE CONTENT FOR CREOSOTE  WASTE  MIXED WITH
                          KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
pH Values
Sample time
(day) 1
Replicate Reactors
2 3


                               0.4%

 0           7.7       7.6          7.6
30           6.6       6.6          6.5
               Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                               0.7%

 0           7.6       7.6          7.6
30           6.7       6.7          6.7

               Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                               1.0%

 0           7.6       7.6          7.6
30           6.7       6.7          6.7

                       Control

 0           7.5       7.6          7.6
30           6.5       6.3          6.4
                                   192

-------
       TABLE A-63 .  RESULTS FOR PH VALUES WITH INCUBATION TIME AT
           LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PCP WASTE MIXED WITH
                          DURANT  CLAY LOAM  SOIL
DH Values
Sample Time
(day] I—
Replicate Reactors
2 3
              Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
                               0.3%

  0          6.9       6.8          6.7
 28          6.7       6.7          6.5
234          7.4       7.3          7.4

              Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
                               0.5%

  0          6.9       6.8          6.7
 28          6.7       6.7          6.5
234          7.1       7.3          7.1

              Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
                               0.7%

  0          6.9       6.8          6.7
 28          6.7       6.7          6.5
234          7.3       7.1          6.8

                             Control

  0          6.9       6.7          6.7
 28          6.8       6.5          6.5
234          7.1       6.9          7.1
                                  193

-------
TABLE A- 69.   RESULTS  FOR PH  VALUES WITH TJJCUBATION TIME  AT
    LOW SOIL  MOISTURE CONTENT FOR PCP I-,.     MIXED WITH
                   KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOI.
Sample Tim
(day)


0
28
207


0
28
207


0
28
207

0
28
207

e
1
Load

7.7
7.3
8.3
Load

7.7
7.4
8.5
Load

7.6
7.4
8.2

7.7
7.4
8.3

pH Values
Replicate Reactors
2
Rate (%

7.6
7.4
7.4
Rate (%

7.6
7.4
8.2
Rate (%

7.5
7.4
7.1

7.6
7.4
7.6
3
waste wet/soil dry)
0.075%
7.5
7.4
7.4
waste wet/soil dry)
0.15%
7.6
7.4
8.2
waste wet/soil dry)
0.3%
7.6
7.4
7.3
Control
7.5
7.'«
7.5
                           194

-------
         TABLE A-70    RESULTS  FOR  PH  VALUES WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  AT
             LOW SOIL  MOISTURE  CONTENT  FOR API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE
                   WASTE  MIXED  WITH DURANT CLAY LOAM  SOIL
                      pH Values
Sample Time        Replicate Reactors
  (day)        12
               Load Rate(I waste wet/soil dry)
                                 6%
  0            7.0       6.8          6.9
 37            7.0       7.0          6.8
234            7.1       7.2          6.7

               Load Rate (% waste wet/soil  dry)
                                9%

  0            7.0       6.9          6.8
 37            7.2       7.1          7.0
234            7.1       7.3          7.1

               Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                12%

  0            7.3       7.3          7.0
 37            7.2       7.2          7.1
234            7.0       7.2          7.1

                          Control

  0            6.9       7.1          6.4
 37            6.9       6.6          6.5
                                    195

-------
         TABLE A-71 .   RESULTS  FOR  PH  VALUES  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  AT
             LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE
                   WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                                         pH Values
Sample Time              	Replicate Reactors
   (day)                 1            2
                      Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    6%

   0                     7.8          7.6          7.8
  29                     7.0          7.0          6.9

                      Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    9%

   0                     7.7          7.7          7.7
  29                     7.0          7.0          7.0

                      Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    12%

   0                     7.6          7.6          7.7
  29                     7.1          7.0          7.0

                                 Control

   0                     7.6          7.5          7.5
  29                     6.7          6.5          6.6
                                    196

-------
          TABLE A-72 .   RESULTS  F9R  PH  VALUES WITH  INCUBATION TIME
               AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL WASTE
                       MIXED WITH  DURANT  CLAY LOAM  SOIL
Sample Time
   (day)	
      Replicate Reactors
1
     2
   0
  28
   0
  28
   0
  28
   0
  28
                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    8%
6.1
6.6
N/A*
     6.1
     6.6
     6.7
6.1
6.5
7.0
                        Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    12%
6.2
6.6
     6.1
     6.6
6.1
6.6
                        Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    14%
6.2
6.7
6.1
6.5
     6.2
     6.6

Control

     6.1
     6.5
6.2
6.6
6.0
6.4
AN/A - no analysis.
                                    197

-------
     TABLE A-73   RESULTS FOR PH VALUES-WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW SOIL
                  MOISTURE CONTENT FOR SLOP OIL WASTE MIXED
                        WITH KIDMAN SANDY L(M1 SOIL
                                    _EL
Sample Time                    Replicate Reactors
   (day)	1	2	
                     Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                      6%

                         6.4          6.3          6.3
                         7.8          7.8          7.7

                     Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                      8%

                         6.7          6.5          6.4
                         7.8          7.8          7-. 8

                     Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                      12%

                         6.3          6.6          6.7
                         7.7          7.7          7.8

                                   Control

                         6.3          6.4          6.4
                         7.6          7.6          7.5
                                     198

-------
   TABLE A-74.  pH  DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE
             APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                          AT  1/3 BAR  SOIL  MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days]
0
35
70
98


M/M*
6.7
7.2
7.3
7.3
pH
Loading
L/H+
7.3
7.0
7.2
7.6

Rates
N/H*
6.6
7.6
7.0
7.3


H/NR**
7.4
_++
7.0
-
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%), reloaded at medium rate.
 +L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%), reloaded at high rate (12%)
 *N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (12%).
**H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
**- = no sample taken.

         TABLE A-75 .  pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR SLOP OIL WASTE
              APPLIED  AT  VARIOUS  RATES TO KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM  SOIL
                          AT  1/3 BAR SOIL  MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
39
74
102


M/M*
6.7
7.3
7.3
7.4
PH
Loading
L/H+
6.9
9.0
7.6
7.6

Rates
N/H*
8.1
8.1
7.7
7.8


H/NR**
6.9
_++
7.6
-
 *M/M = originally loaded at medium rate  (8%), reloaded at medium  rate.
 *L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%), reloaded at high rate  (12%).
 *N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (12%).
**H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
++- = no sample taken.

                                     199

-------
TABLE A- 76. pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR CREOSOTE WASTE APPLIED AT VARIOUS
          RATES TO  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM  SOIL  AT  1/3 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
42
77
105


M/M*
7.7
8.0
7.5
7.6
pH
Loading
L/H+
7.7
8.8
8.3
8.6

Rates
N/H* H/NR**
7.4 8.0
8.5
8.3 8.2
7.3
 *M/H  =  originally  loaded  at  medium  rate  (0.755),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
 *L/H  =  originally  loaded  at  low  rate  (0.4%),  reloaded  at  high  rate (1.0%).
 *N/H  =  nonacclimated  soil  loaded at high rate (1.0%).
**H/NR = originally loaded  at high rate (1.0%), not reloaded.
**-  =  no sample  taken.


   TABLE  A-77.  pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR PCP WASTE APPLIED AT VARIOUS
           RATES TO  KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM  SOIL AT  1/3 BAR SOIL  MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
39
74
102

M/rt*
7.8
8.0
8.1
8.0
pH
Loading
L/K+
7.6
8.1
7.1
8.3
Rates
N/H*
7.7
8.6
7.6
8.1

H/NR**
7.4
_++
7.6
~
  *M/M = originally loaded at medium  rate  (0.15%),  reloaded  at  medium rate.
  *L/H = originally loaded at low  rate  (0.075%),  reloaded  at high rate (0.3%)
  *N/H = nonacclimated  soil  loaded at high rate  (0.3%).
 **H/NR = originally  loaded  at  high rate  (0.3%),  not  reloaded.
 **- = no sample taken.
                                      200

-------
  TABLE A-78. pH  DATA  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  FOR  API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  WASTE
             APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                           AT  1  BAR  SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
35
70
98
pH
Loading Rates
M/M* H/NR*
7.1 7.0
7.3 -#
7.4 7.0
7.1
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%), reloaded at medium rate.
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
*- = no sample taken.
         TABLE A-7S.  pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME  FOR SLOP OIL  WASTE
             APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                           AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
39
74
102

M/M*
7.5
7.1
6.6
7.8
pH
Loading Rates
H/NR+
6.8
.1
6.7
-
*M/M = originally loaded at medium  rate  (12%), reloaded  at medium  rate.
+H/NR = originally  loaded at high rate  (14%), not  reloaded.
'- = no sample taken.


                                    201

-------
        TABLE A-80. pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR CREOSOTE WASTE
             APPLIED  AT  VARIOUS RATES TO DURAMT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                          AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
42
77
105
pH
Loading Rates
M/H* H/NR+
7.6 7.1
8.0 -'
7.7 7.9
7.6
*M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1.0%), reloaded at medium rate.
+H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (1.3%), not reloaded.
*- = no sample taken.
           TABLE A-81. pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR PCP WASTE
             APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                           AT  1  BAR SOIL  MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
39
74
102

M/M*
7.3
7.5
7.4
8.3
pH
Loading Rates
H/NR+
7.0
.1
7.6
-
*M/M = originally loaded at medium  rate  (0.5%),  reloaded  at medium  rate.
+H/MR = originally  loaded at  high rate  (0.7%), not  relrvied.
'- = no sample taken.


                                    202

-------
     TABLE  A-82. pH DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
         CONTROL AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE AND KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                     CONTROL  AT  1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation Time
(days)
0
21
46
74

Durant Clay Loam
7.0
7.4
6.2
7.3
PH
Kidman Sandy Loam
7.9
7.8
8.6
8.8
        TABLE A-33 .   RESULTS  FOR  TOTAL  ORGANIC CARBON  ANALYSIS  FOR  API
                SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  WASTE  MIXED WITH  KIDMAN  SANDY
                  LOAM  SOIL  IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE  ADDITION
       	Total Organic Carbon (q C/g soil)	
        Replicate Reactors	
       —	2      	3~~           x          SD           CV
                         Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                      6%
0.0136      0.0118         0.0111        0.012Z      0.0013        10.7

                         {Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                      9%
0.0136      0.0155         0.0127        0.0139      0.0014        10.1

                         (Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                      12%

0.0164      0.0161         0.0156        0.0160      0.0004         2.5

                                    Control

0.0047      0.0055         0.0054        0.0052      0.0004         7.7
                                     203

-------
         TABLE A-84.    RESULTS  FOR  TOTAL  ORGANIC  CARBON  ANALYSIS  FOR
                API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  WASTE  MIXED WITH DURANT CL/.,'
                   LOAM  SOIL IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE ADDITION
       	Total Organic Carbon  (q  C/g  soil)
        Replicate Reactors
   .	=	~3	        x             SO	CV
                          Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                           6%

0.0385       0.0337         0.0362       0.0361        0.0024          6.7

                          Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                           9%

0.0326       0.0304         0.0316       0.0315        0.0011          3.5

                          Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                          12%

0.0361       0.0324        0.0313        0.0333        0.0025          7.5

                                Control

0.0292       0.0291       0.0297         0.0293        0.0003          1.0
                                    204

-------
     TABLE A-85.  RESULTS FOR TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON ANALYSIS FOR CREOSOTE
             WASTE MIXED WITH DUKANT CLAY  LOAM SOIL  IMMEDIATELY
                             AFTER  WASTE ADDITION


                        Total Organic Carbon (g C/g soil)
        Replicate Reactors	
   12              3  	x	SD	CV_

                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    0.7%
0.0295       0.0258         0.0288        0.0280           0.0020          7.1

                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    1.0%

0.0320       0.0328         0.0317        0.0322           0.0006          1.9

                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    1.3%

0.0350       0.0321         0.0317        0.0329           0.0018          5.5

                                Control

0.0263       0.0281         0.0261        0.0268           0.0011          4.1
                                   205

-------
         TABLE  A-8G.  RESULTS FOR TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON ANALYSIS FOR
                 CREOSOTE WASTE  MIXED WITH KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM
                    SOIL IMMEDIATELY AFTER WASTE  ADDITION
       	Total Organic Carbon (q C/q soil)	   	
        Replicate Reactors	
       —	2	3~~            x             SD            CV
                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    0.4%

0.0058       0.0074         0.0059         0.0064         0.0009         14.1

                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    0.7%

0.0078       0.0080         0.0075         0.0078         0.0003          3.9

                       Load Rate (% waste wet/soil dry)
                                    1.0%

0.0078       0.0080         0.0075         0.0078         0.0003          3.9

                                Control

0.0048       0.0048         0.0046         0.0047         0.0001          2.1
                                    206

-------
      TABLE A-87 .   TOXICITY OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION MEASURED BY THE
      MICROTOX ASSAY WITH  INCUBATION TIME AT LOW MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
           API SEPARATOR SLUDGE MIXED WITH  DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
EC50(5,150)*
Sample time
(days)
0
34
167
234
Loading Rate
6*
NT*
53.0
27.7
29.4**
SD
0
6.6
4.1
4.0
(% waste
9* '
89.8
86.0
26.0
30.5**
(Vol %]
,+
wet wt./soil dry
SD
17.7
24.3
3.0
0
12%
73.3
41.2**
27.9**
21.1

wt.)
SD
27.1
16.2
5.4
5.3
  *EC50(5,15°)  denotes the conditions  for  the  test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output
   5 minutes after sample addition at  a  temperature  of  15°C.
  +ResuHs given are means of three replicates.
  #NT = no apparent toxic effect.
 **Mean of two replicates.
      TABLE A- 88 .  TOXICITY OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION MEASURED BY THE
       MICROTOX ASSAY WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
               SLOP OIL WASTE MIXED WITH DURANT  CLAY LOAM SOIL
Sample time
(days)
0
129
196
EC50(5,15°)
Loading Rate (% waste
8% SD 12%
6.3# 0.6 4.9
14.2 3.8 12.8
7.2 3.2 8.8
* (Vol %)
wet wt./
SD
2.8
1.5
1.8
1+
soil dry
14%
4.1
10.5
7.9

wt.)
SD
1.5
3.8
3.1
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
"•"Results given are means of three replicates.
*Mean of two replicates.
                                      207

-------
 TABLE  A-59 .   TOXICITY  OF  WATER  SOLUBLE-FRACTION MEASURED  BY  THE  MICROTOX
        ASSAY  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  AT  LOW SOIL  MOISTURE  CONTENT FOR
              CREOSOTE WASTE MIXED  WITH DURANT  CLAY  LOAM SOIL
Sample time
(days)
0
37
167
234
Loading Rate
6.7* §D
7.0 2.2
12.6 2.0
13.5 7.2
11.7 7.2
% waste wet wt
1.0* SD
6.2 0.8
11.2 0.7
7.5 1.6
3.5# 1.1
./soil dry wt.)
.3% SD
7.9 0.3
9.7 3.0
8.4 4.7
5.5 2.9
*EC50{5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e.,  reading light  output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
+Results given are means of three replicates.
Mean of two replicates.
 TABLE A-90 .  TOXICITY OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION MEASURED BY THE MICROTOX
        ASSA>' WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
                 PCP  WASTE  MIXED WITH DURANT  CLAY  LOAM  SOIL
EC50(5,15°)* (Vol %)+
Sample time
(days)
0
140
207
Loading Rate (% waste wet wt./son ory wt.;
0.3%
7.7#
43.0*
36.3
SD
1.5
34.5
30.0
0.5%
4.8
23.2
12.9
SD
2.9
15.9
4.7
0.7%
3.8#
7.9
6.7
SD
0.1
1.4
2.8
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
"•"Results given are means of three replicates.
#Mean of two replicates.
                                     208

-------
      TABLE  A- 91 .   TOXICITY  OF  WATER  SOLUBLE  FRACTION  MEASURED BY  THE
      MICROTOX ASSAY WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
          API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE  MIXED  WITH KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM SOIL
                                          EC50(5,150)* (Vol
Sample time
(days)
0
29
158
225
Loading Rate (% waste wet wt.
6%
76.2
57.2
25 -9*
15.8*
SD
21.5
37.3
11.2
4.5
9%
89.6
65.9
29.6
19.2
SD
18.0
24.9
10.6
3.2
/soil dry wt. )
12%
82.1
33.0
21.2
14.6
SD
15.8
19.3
2.1
3.5
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
+Results given are means of three replicates.
#Mean of two replicates.
      TABLE A- 92 .   TOXICITY OF  WATER  SOLUBLE  FRACTION MEASURED BY  THE
      MICROTOX ASSAY WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
                 SLOP OIL MIXED  WITH KIDMAN  SANDY  LOAM SOIL

EC50(5,15°)* (Vol %r
Sample time
(days)
0
131
208
Loading Rate
6% SD
5.5 1.7
11.4 1.6
7.2 3.4
(% waste wet
8%
3.8
11.6
9.8*
wt./soi
SD
0.3
0.3
1.6
1 dry
12%
3.6
8.8
7.1
wt.)
SD
2.0
1.2
0.9
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
"""Results given are means of three replicates.
#Mean of two replicates.
                                     209

-------
TABLE A-93 .  TOXICITY OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION MEASURED BY THE MICROTOX
        ASSAY WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW  SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
             CREOSOTE WASTE  MIXED WITH KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM SOIL

Sample time
(days)
0
29
158
225

Loading
0.4%
6.0
5.0
6.0
5.2
EC50(5,15°)
Rate (% waste
SD 0.7%
1.8 5.':
2.4 3.c
1.0 4.5
1.8 3.3
* (Vol %)+
wet wt./soi
SD
0.8
0.4
1.1
0.1

1 dry
1.0%
4.0
2.6
2.8
4.4

wt.)
SD
1.3
0.6
0.5
0.8
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
"""Results given are means of three replicates.
 TABLE A-94.   TOXICITY OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION MEASURED BY THE MICROTOX
        ASSAY WITH INCUBATION TIME AT LOW SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT FOR
                PCP WASTE MIXED WITH KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
Sample time
(days)
0
140
207
EC50(5
Loading Rate (%
0.075% 5D
5.8 0.8
14.6 8.1
17.2 10.1
,15°)*
waste
0.15%
3.4
8.4
6.7
(Vol %)+
wet wt./soi
SD
0.6
3.9
0.6

1 dry
0.3%
2.3
4.5
3.8

wt.)
SD
0.6
1.8
0.8
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
+Results given are means of three replicates
                                     210

-------
TABLE A-95.   MICROTOX DATA WITH  INCUBATION TIME FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE
         WASTE REAPPLIED  AT VARIOUS RATES TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                           AT 1 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
35
70
98
EC50(5,15°)* (vol
Loading Rates
M/M+
28.1
27.8
21.5
27.0
%)

H/NR#
35.5
**
46.3
~
 *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
  5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%), reloaded at medium rate.
 #H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
**- = no sample taken.
       TABLE  A-96.   MICROTOX  DATA  WITH  INCUBATION TIME FOR  SLOP OIL
         WASTE REAPPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                           AT  1  BAR SOIL  MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
39
74
102
EC50(5,15°)* (vol
Loading Rates
M/M+
18.3
9.9
3.8
3.5
%)

H/NR#
23.0**
_++
8.6
••
 *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
  5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (12%), reloaded at medium rate.
 *H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (14%), not reloaded.
**Estimated results.
++- = no sample taken.

                                     211

-------
    TABLE A-97.   MTCROTOX DATA WITH INCUBATIOf  "JME FOR CREOSOTE WASTE
             REAPPL  ~1 AT VARIOUS  RATES  TO DURA.'   CLAY  LOAM  SOIL
                           AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation
Time
(days)
0
42
77
105
EC50(5,15°)* {vol
Loading Rates
M/M+
13.7
19.6
7.4
8.5
%)

H/NR*
26.0
**
17.5
"
  *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test,  i.e.,  reading light  output
   5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature  of 15°C.
  +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (1.0*), reloaded at medium rate.
  *H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (1.3*), not reloaded.
 **- = no sample taken.
       TABLE A-S8.   MICROTOX DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR PCP WASTE
             REAPPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO DURANT CLAY LOAM SOIL
                           AT  1  BAR  SOIL  MOISTU^t
              Incubation                EC50(5,15°)* (vol %)
                 Time                	Loading Rates	
                (da*s)                M/M+                H/NR*
0
39
74
13.7
14 -8!!
4.5**
20.9
-++
11.7
                 102                   7.0***
  *EC50{5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
   5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
  +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.556), reloaded at medium rate.
  *H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (0.7%), not reloaded.
 **Duplicate sanple EC50 = 16.0.
 ++- = no sample taken.
 *#Duplicate sample EC50 = 4.8.
***Duplicate sample EC50 =5.3.
                                      212

-------
  TABLE A- 99.   MICROTOX DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR API SEPARATOR SLUDGE
          WASTE REAPPLIED AT  VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                          AT 1/3  BAR  SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
35
70
98

M/M+
45.2##
30.5
17.1***
21.4
EC50(5,15°)
Loading
L/H#
36.0
18.8
10.1****
12.7
* (vol %)
Rates
N/H**
23.8
22.5***
15.8
18.8

H/NR++
33.6
.+++
18.3
-
   *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light
    output 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
   +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (9%), reloaded at medium rate.
   *L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%), reloaded at high rate (12%).
  **N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (12%).
  ++H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
  *#Estimated results.
 ***Duplicate sample EC50 = 29.6.
 +++- = no sample taken.
 ###Duplicate sample EC50 = 18.7.
****Duplicate sample EC50 = 10.1.
                                      213

-------
    TABLE A-100.   MICROTOX DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR SLOP OIL WASTE
           REAPPLIED AT  VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                          AT 1/3 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
39
74
102

M/M+
17.0
8.0
4.9
6.9
EC50(5,15°)* (vol
Loading Rates
L/H#
16.0
14.6##
3.2
4.9-m-
«>
N/H**
21.4
15.5##
6.2
4.5

H/NR++
16.8++
***
6.8
-
  *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e.,  reading light
   output 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
  +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (8%), reloaded at medium rate.
  #L/H = originally loaded at low rate (6%), reloaded at high rate (12%).
 **N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (12%).
 ++H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (12%), not reloaded.
 ^Estimated results.
***- = no sample taken.
+++Duplicate sample EC50 =3.4.
                                     214

-------
    TABLE A-101.  MICROTOX DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR CREOSOTE WASTE
            REAPPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                          AT 1/3 BAR  SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
42
77
105

M/M+
11.6
13.5
3.1
2.8-
EC50(5,15°)* (vol
Loading Rates
L/H#
11.8
11.9
5.4
3.2***
«)
N/H**
12.9
15.9
5.5
4.9

H/NR++
19.2
.##
3.7***
-
  *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test,  i.e.,  reading light
   output 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
  +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.7%), reloaded at medium rate.
  *L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.4%), reloaded at high rate (1.0%).
 **N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (1.0%).
 ++H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (1.0%), not reloaded.
 f#_ = no sample taken.
   Duplicate sample EC50 =2.9.
^Duplicate sample EC50 = 2.7.
       icate sample EC50 =2.7.
                                     215

-------
       TABLE A-l 02.   MICROTOX DATA WITH INCUBATION TIME FOR PCP WASTE
            REAPPLIED AT VARIOUS RATES TO KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                          AT 1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE

Incubation
Time
(days)
0
;9
74
102

M/M+
12.8
17.1
6.6
7.9
EC50(5,15°)* (vol
Loading Rates
L/H#
12.7
14.4
3.8
5.5
%)
N/H**
18.6
16.7
5.3
4.4

H/NR++
23.3
.##
11.1
-
 *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light
  output 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +M/M = originally loaded at medium rate (0.15%), reloaded at medium rate.
 *L/H = originally loaded at low rate (0.075%), reloaded at high rate (0.3%).
  N/H = nonacclimated soil loaded at high rate (0.3%).
+*H/NR = originally loaded at high rate (0.3%), not reloaded.
**- = no sample taken.
                                     216

-------
  TABLE A-l 03.   MICROTOX  DATA  WITH  INCUBATION  TIME  FOR  DURANT  CLAY  LOAM  SOIL
          CONTROL AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE AND KIDMAN SANDY LOAM SOIL
                       CONTROL AT 1/3  BAR  SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation Time                              EC50(5.15°)* (vol %)
    (days)                    Durant Clay LoamKidman Sandy Loam


       0                             NT+                             NT

      21                             NA#                             NT

      46                             NT                              NT

      74                             NT                              NT


*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
+NT = no apparent toxic effect.
*NA = no analysis.
                                      217

-------
    TABLE A-104.  IMMOBILIZATION OF API SEPARATOR SLUDGE WASTE AS DETERMINED BY MICROTOX BIOASSAY
                     EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE IMMEDIATELY AFTER
                                    WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL
Volume of
Leachate
(column



ro
00




volumes)
1
3
5
7

9
11
13
15
Durant Clay Loam
Loading Rate 12%
(% waste wet wt/soil dry
EC50(5,15°)* (vo!5
Replicate 1
33.7
NT
NT
NT

NT
90.6
56.9
61 .«
Replicate 2
6.5
NA**
64.4
NA

NT
96.3
NT
93.9
wt)
5)
Avg.+
20.1
NT
-
NT

NT
93.5
-
77.7
Kidman Sandy Loam
Loading Rate 12%
(% waste wet wt/soil dry
wt)
EC50(5,15°) (vol %)
Repl icate 1
NT*
NT
NT
NT

NT
NT
NT
NT
Replicate 2
NT
NA
NT
NA

89.6
57.4
66.9
NT
Avg.
NT
NT
NT
NT

-
-
-
NT
 *EC50(5,15°)  denotes the conditions for the test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output 5 minutes after sample
  addition at  a temperature of 15°C.
 +Avg. = average value based on two  replicates.
 *NT = no apparent toxic effect.
**NA = no analysis.

-------
ro
         TABLE  A-105.   IMMOBILIZATION OF  SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS WASTE AS DETERMINED BY MICROTOX BIOASSAY
                            EVALUATION  OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE IMMEDIATELY AFTER
                                          WASTE  INCORPORATION INTO SOIL

Volume of
Leachate
(column volumes)
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Our ant
Loading
(% waste wet
EC50(5,
Replicate 1
NT*
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Clay Loam
Rate 14%
wt/soil dry wt)
150)* (vol*)
Replicate 2 Avg.+
NT NT
NA** NT
59.2
NA NT
90.3
NA NT
86.0
NA NT
Kidman
Loading
(X waste wet
EC 50 (5,
Replicate 1
NT
59.1
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Sandy Loam
Rate 12%
wt/soil dry wt)
150) (vol %)
Replicate 2
NT
NA
NA
NA
83.3
NA
NT
NA



Avq.
NT
59.1
NT
NT
-
NT
NT
NT
       *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e.,  reading  light  output  5 minutes after sample
        addition at a temperature of 15°C.
       +Avg = average value based on two replicates.
       *NT = no apparent toxic effect.
      **NA = no analysis.

-------
          TABLE A-106.  IMMOBILIZATION OF CREOSOTE WASTE AS DETERMINED BY MICROTOX BIOASSAY
                     EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE IMMEDIATELY AFTER
                                    WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL
Volume of
Leachate
(column



ro
ro
o




volumes)
1
3
5
7

9
11
13
15
Our ant Clay Loam
Loading Rate 1.3%
(% waste wet wt/soil dry wt)
EC50(5.15°)* (volX)
Replicate 1
NT*
91.6
56.9
NT

83.7
NT
NT
NT
Replicate 2
NT
NA
67.4
NA

66.5
NA
59.1
NA
Avg.T
NT
91.6
62.2
NT

75.1
NT
-
NT
Kidman Sandy Loam
Loading Rate 1.0%
(% waste wet wt/soil dry wt)
EC50(5,15°) (vol %)
Replicate 1
43.0
16.0
17.7
46.7

77.5
45.5
64.3
86.3
Replicate Z
NA**
NA
22.6
NA

12.5
NA
32.8
NA
Avg.
43 n
16.1
20.2
46.7

45.0
45.5
48.5
86.3
 *EC50(5,15°)  denotes the conditions for the test,  i.e.,  reading light output 5 minutes after sample
  addition at  a temperature of  15°C.
 +Avg = average value based on  two  replicates.
 #NT = no apparent toxic effect.
**NA = no analysis.

-------
              TABLE A-107-. IMMOBILIZATION OF PCP WASTE AS DETERMINED BY MICROTOX BIOASSAY
                      EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE IMMEDIATELY AFTER
                                     WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL



Volume of
Leachate
(column volumes)
1
3
5
2 7
9
11
13
15


Durant Clay Loam
Loading Rate 0.7%


(% waste wet wt/soil dry wt)

Replicate
NT*
NT
47.4
NT
34.9
31.0
27.6
35.5
EC50(5,150)* (volX)
1 Replicate 2
NT
NT
NT
NA
23.2
NA
24.2
NA

Avg.+
NT
NT
-
NT
29.1
31.0
25.9
35.5
Kidman
Loading
(% waste wet
EC50(5,
Replicate 1
NT
7.3
70.9
23.3
NT
NT
NT
NT
Sandy Loam
Rate 0.3%
wt/soil dry wt)
15°) (vol %)
Replicate 2
23.7
NA**
47.0
NA
60.8
NA
NT
NA




Avg.
-
7.3
59.0
23.0
-
NT
NT
NT
 *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output 5 minutes after sample
  addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +Avg = average value based on two replicates.
 *NT = no apparent toxic effect.
**NA = no analysis.

-------
  TABLE  A-l Oa   IMMOBILIZATION  OF  API  SEPARATOR  SLUDGE WASTE  AS  DETERMINED  BY
     MICROTOX Bin«SSAY EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE 352 DAYS
                     AFTER WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL
    Volume of
    Leachate
(column volumes)
       Durant Clay Loam
      Loading Rate  12%
(% waste wet wt/soil  dry wt)
     EC50(5,15°)* (vol  %)
      Kidman Sandy Loam
      Loading Rate  12%
(% waste wet wt/soil  dry wt)
     EC50(5,150)  (vol  %)
       1
       3
       5
       7
              68.3
              NT+
              78.0
               NT
              36.0
              14.9
              81.3
              45.4
  EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
  5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +NT = no apparent toxic effect.
  TABLE A-l 09.  IMMOBILIZATION OF SLOP OIL EMULSION SOLIDS AS DETERMINED BY
     MICROTOX BIOASSAY EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE 323 DAYS
                     AFTER WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL
    Volume of
    Leachate
(column volumes)
       Durant Clay Loam
      Loading Rate  14%
(% waste wet wt/soil  dry wt)
     EC50(5,15°)* (vol  %)
      Kidman Sandy Loam
      Loading Rate  12%
(% waste wet wt/soil  dry wt)
     EC50(5,15°)  (vol  %)
       1
       3
       5
       7
              74.9
               NT
               NT
              31.2
               NT+
              60.7
              48.8
              97.1
 *EC50(5,15°)  denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
  5  minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +NT =  no apparent toxic effect.
                                      222

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  TABLE A-110.  IMMOBILIZATION OF CREOSOTE WASTE AS DETERMINED BY MICROTOX
         BIOASSAY EVALUATION  OF  LABORATORY COLUMN  LEACHATE 361 DAYS
                     AFTER WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL
                          Durant Clay Loam              Kidman Sandy Loam
    Volume of            Loading Rate  1.3%             Loading Rate  1.0%
    Leachate       (% waste wet wt/soil dry wt)    (% waste wet wt/soil  dry wt)
(column volumes)        EC50(5,15°)* (vol  %)           EC50(5,15°) (vol  %}


       2                        58.6                            NT+
       3                        48.2                           31.3
       5                         NT                            21.9
       7                         NT                            26.3


 *EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light  output
  5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +NT = no apparent toxic effect.
    TABLE A-11 1.   IMMOBILIZATION OF PCP WASTE AS DETERMINED BY MICROTOX
         BIOASSAY  EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COLUMN LEACHATE 334 DAYS
                     AFTER WASTE INCORPORATION INTO SOIL
                          Durant Clay Loam              Kidman Sandy Loam
    Volume of            Loading Rate  0.7%             Loading Rate  0.3%
    Leachate        (% waste wet wt/soil  dry wt)   (% waste wet wt/soil dry wt)
(column volumes)         EC50(5,15°)* (vol %)           EC50(5,15°) (vol %)
1
3
5
7
NT+
63.3
NT
56.8
60.7
27.0
73.9
80.3
 *EC50(5,15°)  denotes the conditions for the test, i.e., reading light output
  5  minutes after sample addition at a temperature of 15°C.
 +NT = no apparent toxic effect.
                                     223

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TABLE A-112.   MICROTOX RESULTS WITH INCUBATION TIME  FOR  OURANT  CLAY LOAM  SOIL
          CONTROL AT 1 BAR SOIL MOISTURE AND KIDMAN  SANDY LOAM  SOIL
                      CONTROL AT 1/3 BAR SOIL MOISTURE
Incubation Time
(days)
0
21
46
74
EC50(5,15°)* (
Durant Clay Loam
NT+
NA#
NT
NT
vol %)
Kidman Sandy Loam
NT
NT
NT
NT
*EC50(5,15°) denotes the conditions for the test,  i.e.,  reading  light  output
 5 minutes after sample addition at a temperature  of 15°C.
+NT = no apparent toxic effect.
*NA = no analysis.
                                     224

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          2 -i
        O
        K
        U
        i1

        I
                   LEGEND
                   • TA-96 with 59
                   O TA-98 •Itneul S9
                                       10
                                 DOSE (ftg/plol«|
                      29
                                90
                                           I
                                           T9
                                                     too
                                   mg toil/plate
Figure A-l.   Ames  assay results  for Durant clay  loam.
                                   LECEHO
                                   • U-96«UhS9
                                   O TA-98 •Itkout S9
                                       a        4
                                  DOSE l/xg/plate)
                                                         i
                                                         9
                      90        100        190
                                   ing eoil/plau
200
          290
Figure A-2.   Ames  assay results  for Kidman sandy loam.

                                     225

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                                 APPENDIX  B

                   PREDICTIVE  TOOL  FOR  SOIL-WASTE PROCESSES
INTRODUCTION
     Mathematical  models  can  be utilized  to  provide  a  rational  approach
for obtaining,  organizing,  and evaluating specific information required for
soil-waste systems.   A relevant model  can be  considered  as a tool  for
integrating data  concerning  contaminant  transformation,  immobilization,  and
degradation for assessing  the relative  treatment effectiveness of alternative
design/ management  combinations.   The multiple factors  involved  in  deter-
mining the success  of  treatment  are  generally complex and make it difficult
to evaluate the effect of each factor on  the  total treatment process without
a tool for interrelating these individual factors.  A model also can be used
to guide  the  design of  specific experiments and  the collecion of specific
data.  Specifically, the effects of design and operating alternatives  on the
soil  site assimilative  capacity (SSAC)  may be  predicted, and the influence of
waste type and soil  type on  treatment may  be  assessed.

     A mathematical  description  of  the  soil-waste system site assimilative
capacity system provides  a  unifying  framework for the  evaluation  of  labor-
atory  screening  and field  data that is useful  for the determination of
treatment  for  a  waste.  While  current  models cannot be relied upon for
long-term predictions of absolute contaminant concentrations due to the lack
of an  understanding of the  biological,  physical, and  chemical  complexity
of the  soil/waste environment, they represent  a  powerful  tool  for  ranking
design, operation, and maintenance alternatives as well  as for the design of
monitoring programs.

     A mathematical  description  of  soil-waste  systems  provides a framework
for:

     (1)  Evaluation of literature and/or  experimental data;

     (2)   Evaluation of  the  effects  of  site  characteristics  on treatment
performance (soil  type,  soil  horizons,  soil permeability);

     (3)   Determination  of  the effects of loading rate,  loading frequency,
irrigation, and amendments  to increase degradation,  on  soil  treatment per-
formance;

     (4)   Evaluation  of  the  effects  of  environmental  parameters (season,
precipitation) on  soil  treatment  performance;  and
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     (5)   Comparison  of the  effectiveness of treatment using  different
practices in order to maximize soil  treatment.
MODEL DESCRIPTION

     The effectiveness of a site for treatment will  depend on  its  ability  to
immobilize  and/or  degrade  hazardous  waste  constituents.   There  are many
mechanisms  influencing these  two phenomena,  and although certain  character-
istics  can be  identified  and   quantified  independently for  specific sub-
stances,  it is necessary  to express  the mechanisms  in mathematical  terms
to evaluate the overall performance of  a  site.   The  mathematical formulation
also  facilitates  the transfer  of  knowledge  optained  at one  site to  other
similar sites.

     Short  (1985) presented a predictive  model  (Regulatory and  Investigative
Treatment  Zone model; RITZ)  based  on the approach by Jury et al.  (1983) for
simulating the fate of pesticides in  soils.   The RITZ model has  been expanded
at Utah  State University during this  project  to incorporate features  which
increase  its  utility  for  the  planning  and evaluation of  treatment for  soil-
waste systems.

     The extended version of the model  is programmed  for the  computer  in such
a way  that additional enhancements (such as unsteady flow and  time variable
decay transport/partition coefficients) may be incorporated into the model  in
the  future with a minimum  of reprogramming.  A summary description of the
extended  RITZ  model   is  provided below.   Additional  details concerning the
model  can  be  obtained in the Permit Guidance Manual on  Hazardous  Waste Land
Treatment  Demonstrations (U.S. EPA 1986b).

Model Construct

     The  model  describes  a soil column  1 meter square  with depth  specified
by  the user.   The soil  environment within the column  is  made  up of four
phases:   soil  grains, pore water, pore  air,  and pore  oil.   It  is  important
that  all  phases and  constituent states  be  included in  order  to  accurately
simulate  interactions and maintain a mass balance in  the model.   Characteris-
tics of the soil environment may change with depth and/or time.   The waste  is
applied to the plow  zone  at  loading rates and  frequencies  specified  by  the
user.

     The constituent  is acted on by  the transport  and  degradation  mechanisms
in the model, and its "life history" is calculated at intervals  determined  by
the  user.   The constituent may  migrate  from one phase  to another  during  the
course  of  the model   simulation.   Breakthrough  occurs  when  a  pre-determined
concentration  level  is  exceeded at  the bottom  of the  lower treatment zone.
The  average Soil Retention  Time  (SRT)  and Treatment  Efficiency  are estimated
from the model results.
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Immobilization/Transport

     A constituent may be mobilized by three mechanisms:  migration  between/
among phases, dispersion,  and advection.

Migration--
     When two  or more  phases  are in contact, the  constituent  will  tend to
migrate  between/among  them.   This  mechanism is  modeled by  assuming that
constituent  concentrations  reach equilibrium  immediately between/among all
phases which  are  in  contact.    This equilibrium condition  is  described by
partition coefficients  determined from  literature  data,  laboratory experi-
ments, field sampling,  and/or appropriate parameter  estimation methods.

     The upper  zone contains  all  four  phases and  the constituents migrate
among them to maintain  equilibrium.   In  addition,  the oil  phase  is  assumed to
decay with first-order kinetics and releases its  contents to the other  three
phases.   It  is assumed that the oil  phase does not penetrate  significantly
below the upper zone.

Dispersion--
     Concentration  gradients drive  transport  within a  phase from regions of
high  concentration to   regions  of low concentration.   Dispersive transport
is  caused  by molecular diffusion  and turbulence within  the phase.   In the
model, dispersion  is the  primary transport mechanism for the volatile  frac-
tion of the  constituent in  the  air  phase.   This  mechanism is included  in the
model because of  its  importance in distributing the mass of the constituent
in the vapor phase throughout the soil column.

Advection--
     If  a  phase moves  through  the soil  column,  it will  transport  the con-
stituent along with it.  In the model, the water  phase  and its dissolved con-
stituents are advected  at the  average soil  pore  water  velocity.  This  veloc-
ity is calculated from the site infiltration rate and the  site soil type.

     The movement  of the constituent  is retarded  via adsorption/desorption
by  the other phases that it comes  in contact  with a=>  it passes through the
soil column.

Constituent Degradation

     The  constituent  may be  decomposed  by  biochemical  processes  which  are
represented  in  the model  by  first-order rate  kinetics.  Different rate
coefficient  values may  be  assigned  to  different  phases  and  to  different
depths within the soil  column.
     Table  B-l  shows   specific  input  parameters characterizing  the  waste
constituents.  These parameters may  be  obtained  from laboratory experiments,
literature data,  and/or parameter estimation techniques  used  in conjunction
with field and laboratory observations.
                                     228

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           TABLE B-l.   VARIABLES FOR USE  IN  THE  EXTENDED RITZ MODEL


Biodegradation information (for each soil  zone  as  appropriate):
     Half-life (^-1/2)  for each  constituent of concern, corrected
     for volatilization

Immobilization information (for each soil  zone  as  appropriate):
     Ko = partitioning of constituents between  water  and oil phases
     Kd = partitioning of constituents between  water  and soil phases
     Kh = partitioning of constituents between  water  and air phases
Output

     The  user  may select  the  level  of detail  for the  output  of the  model
results.  The output may include the  constituent concentrations  in each  phase
at selected  depths  in the soil  column, and  at  times  specified by the  user.
Output  also  includes  the time  to breakthrough  of  the  constituent  at  the
bottom  of the designated  treatment  zone  at leachate  concentrations  at  or
above analytical  detection limits for the  constituents.
MODEL APPLICATION

     The  results  of  the  model, representing  an  integration of  laboratory,
literature, and/or calculated input  data may  include the determination
of:

     1.   Maximum residence  time of each  constituent in the  upper zone  of
soil;

     2.   Upper zone  breakthrough  time for  constituent  concentration at  or
above the detection limit;

     4.   Concentration  of the  constituent  in  the leachate  at  breakthrough;
Cb, ^detection limit if available;

     5.  Retardation factor in a lower zone; and

     6.  Velocity of the pollutant through a soil  zone.
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