EPA R2-72-119
NOVEMBER 1972 Environmental Protection Technology Series
Revegetation Augmentation by
Reuse of Treated
Active Surface Mine Drainage
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were"established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping
was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related
fields. The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental ^5onitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY series. This series
describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment and
methodology to repair or prevent environmental
degradation from point and non-point sources of
pollution. This work provider the new or improved
technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality
standards..
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EPA-R2-72-119
November 1972
REVEGETATION AUGMENTATION BY
REUSE OF TREATED ACTIVE SURFACE MINE DRAINAGE
A FEASIBILITY STUDY
by
Frank J. Zaval
John D. Robins
Project 14010 HNS
Project Officer
Ronald D. Hill
Environmental Protection Agency
National Environmental Research Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price $2
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EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility
of conducting a full-scale demonstration project on the use
of neutralized acid mine drainage to irrigate new vegetative
cover on regraded spoil banks. Two active surface mine
sites in the Commonwealth of Kentucky were thoroughly
evaluated for this purpose. Based upon this investigation,
it was determined that a site located in the Western Coal
Field of Kentucky, near Madisonville, was the most suitable
for implementation of the revegetation concept.
Determination of project feasibility was based upon the
performance and results of the following investigative
measures: waters of receiving streams and pit discharges
were analyzed and evaluated for treatment; regraded spoil
banks were sampled and analyzed with respect to treatment
and nutrient requirements necessary for vegetative survival;
and weir structures, monitor enclosures and instruments
were evaluated and selected for application in unattended
installations.
Based upon the analyses performed, a flow diagram of
a suitable limestone neutralization facility was developed.
Four irrigation techniques were evaluated before a high
pressure spray system was selected as the most practical
means of delivering the treated drainage. Pertinent cost
estimates were developed for the construction, installa-
tion and operation of the entire system at the selected
demonstration site.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project
Number 14010 HNS under the partial sponsorship of the
Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental Protection
Agency.
111
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CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
I - CONCLUSIONS 1
II - RECOMMENDATIONS 3
III - INTRODUCTION 5
General Discussion 5
Project Objective 7
General Description of Project 8
Effectiveness of Project 10
IV - JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK 11
Cognizant Authority H
Existing and Proposed Standards 13
Site Acquisition 14
Authority for Funding 15
Water and Mineral Rights 16
Prevention of Future Pollution 17
V - INVENTORY AND FORECAST 19
Physical Conditions 19
Water Resources 37
Social and Economic Environment 49
VI - PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING 53
Abatement Project Description 53
Preliminary Design 69
Surveillance Facilities 74
Schedule of Design and Construction 79
Collecting and Evaluating Data 82
Emergency Provisions for Failure
of Project Facilities 82
Capital and Operating Costs 82
VII - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATING PLAN 87
v
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CONTENTS (Cont'd)
SECTION
VIII - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 93
IX - REFERENCES 95
X - GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND
SYMBOLS 97
XI - APPENDICES "
Table of Drawings 100
Fabrication Specifications for Monitor
Station Enclosure 102
Assembly Specifications for Monitor
Station 1°6
Installation Specifications for Monitor
Station 112
Contractor's Specifications for Construc-
tion of Stream. Gauging Stations 117
Kentucky Statutes and Regulations:
WP-4-1 - Water Quality Standards for
Waters of the Commonwealth of Kentucky 122
Strip Mine Regulation-Rg-11 128
224.030 Water Pollution Control Commis-
sion; creation; membership; compensation;
meetings; officers and employes. 131
224.040 Powers and duties of commission. 133
350.024 Reclamation Commission; Member-
ship; Meetings; Compensation. 136
350.050 Powers of Division. 137
350.060 Permit Required; Contents of
Application; Map; Fee; Bond. 138
350.090 Reclamation Plan; requirements;
approval; dumping regulations. 141
350.150 Reclamation Work by Division;
Procedure; Acceptance of Federal and
Other Funds; Access to Land. 143
vz
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CONTENTS (Cont'd)
SECTION PAGE
XI - APPENDICES (Cont'd)
Kentucky Statutes and Regulations (Cont'd)
350.152 Acquisition of Land by Common-
wealth for Reclamation Purposes. 144
350.154 Restoration and Reclamation by
Division of Reclamation. 145
350.156 Restored Land, Transfer to State
or Local Agencies. 146
350.163 Division may Accept State and
Federal Funds; Reclamation Fund
Created. 147
VI1
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FIGURES
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Location Plan - Vogue Mine 22
2 Vogue Mine Site - Monitor Station
and Sample Point Locations 23
3 Location Plan - Colonial Mine 36
4 Colonial Mine Site - Monitor Sta-
tion and Sample Point Locations 38
5 Water Resources Data 46
6 Vogue Plot Plan - Sheet 1 54
7 Vogue Plot Plan - Sheet 2 55
r
8 Vogue Mine - Process Flow &
Instrumentation Diagram 61
9 Colonial Survey Plan - Sheet 1 64
10 Colonial Survey Plan - Sheet 2 65
11 Typical Weir Structure & Monitor
Station 76
12 Monitor Station - General Arrange-
ment 7 7
13 Monitor Station - Schematic and
Interconnection Diagram 78
14 Engineering, Procurement & Construc-
tion Schedule - Vogue Mine Site 80
15 Engineering, Procurement & Construc-
tion Schedule - Vogue Mine Site 81
16 Project Schedule and Milestones 83
Vlll
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FIGURES (Cont 'd)
NO. TITLE PAGE
17 Data Handling - Tasks and
Responsibilities 84
18 Neutralization System Operation -
Tasks and Responsibilities 89
19 Irrigation System - Tasks and
Responsibilities 90
20 Monitor Stations - Tasks and
Responsibilities 91
IX
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TABLES
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Summary of Coal Mining in Western
Kentucky - 1965 through 1970 6
2 Mine Drainage Quality - Preliminary
Mine Sites 20
3 Water Analyses - Vogue Strip Pit
(Mid-Pit) 24
4 Water Analyses - South End of Vogue
Strip Mine 25
5 Water Analyses - Pond West of Vogue
Strip Pit 26
6 Water Analyses - Headwaters of Un-
named Tributary to Isaacs Creek 28
7 Water Analyses - Isaacs Creek Near
Conveyor Belt 29
8 Water Analyses - Isaacs Creek Above
Route 70 31
9 Water Analyses - Discharge from North
End of Vogue Strip Pit 33
10 Water Analyses - Unnamed Tributary to
Isaacs Creek Near Bridge at Route 70 35
11 Water Analyses - Colonial Strip Pit 39
12 Water Analyses - Colonial Drainage
Ditch Approximately 200 Yards Down-
stream from Head of Ditch 40
13 Water Analyses - Colonial Strip Pit
Discharge Near North End of Pit 41
14 Water Analyses - Pond Creek Approxi-
mately 600 Feet Downstream From Bridge
on Route 1034 42
x
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TABLES (Cont'd)
NO . TITLE PAGE
15 Water Analyses - Colonial Drainage
Ditch Approximately 20 Feet Upstream
From Its Confluence with Pond Creek 43
16 Water Analyses - Colonial Strip Pit
Discharge (Near Mid-Pit) 44
17 Water Analyses - Strip Mine Impound-
ment West of Colonial Pit Area 45
18 Surface Water Quality 48
19 Chemical Characteristics of the
Spoil Materials from the Vogue and
Colonial Mines 57
20 Recommended Rates of Lime, Fertilizer
and Seed for Vogue and Colonial Spoil
Areas 59
21 Vogue Pit Discharge - Water Analyses
Tabulation 60
22 Tabulation of Rainfall Data -
1960 through 1971 62
23 Colonial Pit Discharge - Water Analyses
Tabulation - Sample Point C-3 67
24 Colonial Pit Discharge - Water Analyses
Tabulation - Sample Locations C-3 & C-6 68
XI
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. This study has shown that a demonstration of the
reuse of treated active surface mine drainage for
revegetation augmentation on regraded spoil banks
is feasible at the Vogue Mine and that this site
meets the requirements of Section 14 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act.
2. The chemistry of the regraded spoil banks and of the
pit water at the Vogue site is conducive to the
demonstration of the engineering economic feasibility
of this technique.
3. The effluent from the treatment facility can be
applied as irrigation water to insure higher vegetative
survival by:
a. Supplying adequate moisture to assure germination
and survival during the sensitive seedling stage.
b. Providing the required water supply for maximum
plant growth.
c. Providing an abundant water supply to maintain
spoil surface temperatures within tolerable limits
for plant survival.
d. Supplying alkaline particles to neutralize en-
trapped toxic material in the spoil.
4. Observed preliminary flow data and recorded climatolog-
ical information indicate that during the normal low
rainfall periods of the area all of the effluent from
the treatment facility can be applied as irrigation
water. This will substantially reduce the amount of
total dissolved solids entering the receiving streams.
5. The investigation of the Colonial Mine site concluded
that this site would not be suitable for a demonstra-
tion as outlined in the Federal Grant for the following
reasons:
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a. The relatively high quality of the pit water and
the location of the pit with relation to the re-
ceiving stream result in an effluent discharge
that is acceptable to the strip mine regulations
as enforced by the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
b. The chemistry of the spoil and evidence of
volunteer vegetation at this site indicate that
a vegetative cover can be established with
minimal effort by the operator.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. It is recommended that an on-site, semi-portable
treatment facility, utilizing pulverized limestone
and sized to handle the total pit discharge, be
engineered, constructed and operated at the Vogue
mine site. This facility would be operated for a
period of two years, from July, 1973, through June,
1975.
2. The treating facility should be engineered and
constructed using standard "off the shelf" equip-
ment, modified for semi-portability, to be compatible
with the transient nature of surface mining technique
in western Kentucky.
3. The engineering, installation and operation of a semi-
portable high pressure spray irrigation system is
recommended to operate in conjunction with the
treatment facility for the same period of time. The
revegetated demonstration area would consist of
approximately 25 acres utilizing the irrigation
technique and a control plot of approximately 5 acres
with no irrigation and using the standard minimum
strip mine regulation requirements for revegetation.
4. Pulverized limestone should be used as the neutralizing
agent, since the carry-over of the unreacted limestone
is not likely to raise the pH of the spoil above 7.5;
also, it would take a longer time for the spoil to reach
this level using limestone that it would if hydrated
lime were utilized.
5. In order to document the effectiveness of the project,
it is recommended that monitoring stations, which
record flow, pH and conductivity, be installed at
the following points:
a. Isaacs Creek above and below the demonstration
site to record the effect of this demonstration
on the receiving stream.
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b. The discharge of the treating facility to assure
compliance with the strip mine regulations of the
Commonwealth.
c. Drainage ditches adjacent to the irrigated and
non-irrigated test plots. These would provide data
relative to ground water and surface runoff of
spoil banks as affected by revegetation.
One of the prime objectives of the project is to
eliminate or reduce the total dissolved and suspended
solids entering the receiving streams. Therefore, it
is recommended the operation of the irrigation system
would be based upon stressing the system to the point
of maximum capability of the spoil material to absorb
moisture and the carry-over of suspended and dis-
solved solids without suffering loadings detrimental
to vegetative survival.
Western Kentucky has both active and orphaned areas
contributing to waterway and aesthetic pollution.
Since there is a lack of recorded evidence on
demonstrating the use of anhydrous ammonia for the
treatment of acid mine water, it is recommended that
an investigation be conducted to select a site (active
or orphaned) suitable for this purpose and using the
effluent for spray irrigation.
There are several advantages associated with a
demonstration of this classification:
a. Document the engineering economic feasibility of
treating acid mine drainage using anhydrous
ammoni a.
b. In the reaction of anhydrous ammonia with water
containing free sulfuric acid, one of the products
is ammonium sulfate, commonly used as a fertilizer.
This could have a beneficial effect on plant
growth.
c. Demonstrate the feasibility of off-season revegeta-
tion of spoil banks utilizing treated acid mine
water to provide an abundant supply of moisture
and plant nutrients.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
General Discussion
Kentucky coal occurs in two major fields - the Eastern Ken-
tucky Coal Field and the Western Kentucky Coal Field. The
former lies within the Appalachian Coal Region, while the
latter occupies the southern extremity of the Eastern
Interior Coal Basin. These fields are widely separated
geographically and the quality of the coals varies con-
siderably. The coal of both fields belongs to the Pennsyl-
vania system.
The Western Kentucky Coal Field encompasses an area of
4,680 square miles in 21 counties. The coals produced rank
within the high-volatile bituminous A, B or C classifica-
tion. At least eight principal seams are mined with the
seams averaging between five and seven feet in thickness.
Coals in this field are widely used for steam generation
purposes.
In 1970, the Western Kentucky Coal Field produced a total
of 52.7 million tons of coal with surface mining producing
63 percent of the total. The mining activity in Western
Kentucky is summarized in Table 1. Muhlenberg County is
the largest coal-producing county in the nation.
With the terrain flat to gently rolling, many of the surface
mines operate with the pit floor well below the water table,
necessitating pumping in order to remove collected drainage.
The discharge from the pits varies from periodic to con-
tinuous, depending on the season of the year as well as the
particular location of each pit. The drainage is presently
discharged untreated onto spoil banks where it eventually
reaches a stream, or it is discharged untreated directly to
a stream.
The nature of the terrain requires effective surface
drainage control techniques, otherwise excessive volumes
of runoff would enter the pits and require pumping. The
depth of the pits below water table plus the runoff from
the immediate spoil banks accounts for the water entering
the pits, which must be discharged by pumping if
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TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF COAL MINING IN WESTERN KENTUCKY
1965 THROUGH 1970
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Permits and
Supplements
60
56
68
91
106
159
Strip Mine
Operators
45
43
46
43
126
73
Acreage
Permitted
4,463
4,442
4,220
3,697
4,852
6,392
Production-
Surface
26,537,294
27,104,309
29,740,962
28,325,046
28,167,862
33,281,946
Underground
Mines
49
40
45
40
35
34
Production-
Underground
13,341,646
14,878,164
15,872,844
17,805,636
19,834,278
19,430,489
Total
Production
39,878,940
41,982,473
45,613,806
46,130,682
48,002,140
52,712,435
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operations are to be conducted. Thus, primary consideration
for alleviation of the pollution problem rests with the
use of adequate and practical treatment techniques
applicable to the drainage before discharge.
The treatment scheme used for drainage control must lend
itself to the transient nature of the stripping operation;
the treatment plant must be able to be transported from
site to site as the operating pit is moved and the spoil
banks are regraded to contour. Since revegetation of the
regraded spoil banks is required, and the high evapo-
transpiration rate in summertime plus the porous nature of
the spoil makes vegetative survival difficult, a treatment
scheme that allows final use of the drainage water for
irrigation of the spoil at least during summer months
would have many advantages .
In both cases of discharge of drainage to streams and
treated drainage to spoil irrigation, the primary process
of choice is neutralization followed by aeration for
conversion of the ferrous iron content to ferric iron.
This neutralization process is in widespread use and the
equipment for controlling the addition of the treatment
lime or limestone is proven and readily available.
Project Objective
The objective of the study conducted was to determine the
feasibility of utilizing such neutralized acid mine
drainage, from active surface mines, to irrigate new
vegetative cover on regraded spoil banks to achieve higher
vegetative survival and to eliminate pollution of surface
water courses at two independent mine sites. An inherent
determination in establishing such feasibility was the
demonstration of the practicability of combining and
arranging available treatment equipment in a semi-portable
unit to allow resultant neutralized oxidized discharge from
the process to either:
1. be spread directly on regraded, prepared, revegetated
spoil bank areas as irrigation water, or
2. be clarified in temporary settling ponds for ultimate
discharge to a receiving stream during periods of high
rainfall.
Neutralization of the acid mine water will be accomplished
by utilizing pulverized limestone, since unreacted lime-
stone has a residual beneficial effect when used in the
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irrigation water. Commercially available neutralization
modules will be used.
A scheme so designed would allow maximum spoil bank
irrigation, with an alternate discharge to a receiving
stream, depending on the water saturation of the spoil
area. The entire process need have a lifetime of only
that of the active pit operation, since upon termination
of the permit the entire area is regraded and the pit
either filled with earth or an impoundment developed. In
either case, the exposed coal seam at the highwall is
completely excluded from air.
General Description of Project
Pumping from the operating pit of surface mines becomes
more frequent during high rainfall periods when the spoil
area would be saturated with water and unable to absorb
irrigation water; therefore, an alternate method of disposal
of the treated effluent is required. Temporary settling
ponds will be used for sludge settling during these periods.
Since the pond would be used only for the life of the
single strip', no sludge handling is required. The sludge
that accumulates in the settling lagoon will be covered in
the regrading process as the active pit area moves with the
mining schedule. The effluent will have an iron level of
less than 7 ppm and a dissolved solids content that will
be a function of the pH and the solubility product con-
stants of the various chemical constituents present in the
water being treated.
The three primary benefits to be derived from the use of
the treated mine drainage for irrigation purposes are as
follows:
1. Supplying water to the spoil during the summer
months would alleviate the lack of adequate moisture,
one of the most detrimental conditions affecting
survival of new vegetation.
2. Flushing of the upper soil layers removes salts and
acids accumulated by oxidation during periods of
dryness.
3. The discharge of a highly mineralized water to a
receiving stream will be greatly reduced or eliminated
during periods of low flow by spraying the treated
water on spoils.
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During those periods when irrigation may be employed almost
continuously in July, August, September and October, records
indicate an average monthly 3.5 inches of rainfall. This
amount deducted from an average of 0,25 inches per day for
evapo-transpiration gives a maximum of 4 inches of water
per month for irrigation. On this basis, a 500 gpm treat-
ment plant, operating eight hours per day, as projected at
the Vogue site, five days per week, would be able to
irrigate as originally conceived approximately 45 acres
of spoil. This area is reasonable in terms of the size
of the permit areas and the various pumping rates en-
countered .
Use of irrigation would require taking the effluent from the
neutralization unit and pumping the water and suspended
solids through aluminum irrigation piping to spray nozzle
headers on the graded spoil area. In addition to the irri-
gated area, a companion control area of approximately 5
acres non-irrigated would be established.
The neutralization plant would employ standard "off the
shelf" equipment. Such equipment is suitable for use with
either hydrated lime or pulverized limestone. While lime-
stone has been shown to be less efficient than hydrated
lime (50-75%), the unreacted limestone has a residual
benefit on the spoil. A trial using limestone at the
Vogue (No. 1) site is projected. Limestone consumption is
estimated at 1000 pounds per hour. The Colonial site was
originally planned for the use of hydrated lime. As a
result of the relatively high quality of the discharge
water as revealed by this Feasibility Study, it was de-
termined that further treatment would not be required.
The entire set of equipment would be constructed in modular
fashion for easy movement from site to site. A self-
contained diesel electric power plant would be one of the
modular units and would supply all power for the pumps and
control equipment.
Operation of the irrigation project would take at least two
growing seasons to reach any definitive estimate of benefits
of irrigation, and thus the project should be operated for
two full years.
Appropriate statistical analyses will be made of the test
areas to verify the differences between the irrigated and
non-irrigated areas, as well as documenting the overall
success of the operation.
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Effectiveness of Project
In fulfillment of requirements of the project, treatment
facilities would be designed to treat the total pit
effluent to a level acceptable for discharge to any re-
ceiving stream, in accordance with state Water Quality
Standards. (Refer to Appendices for appropriate Kentucky
Revised Statutes and SMR-Rg-11.) This is important to the
performance of the project because, during periods of high
rainfall when the spoil area would be saturated and unable
to absorb irrigation water, the treated effluent would be
diverted to a temporary settling pond for final clarifica-
tion prior to discharge to the receiving stream. Treatment
of the acid mine water is essential to the establishment
of good vegetative cover, since plant life cannot survive
on the untreated water and abundant growth is necessary
for restoration of disturbed land. It is also required
to effect substantial improvement in the quality of
receiving streams which may be used for other purposes by
industry and the general populace.
Effective operation of the demonstration project would
completely eliminate the discharge of untreated acid mine
drainage from the project site to the local receiving
stream, since all pit drainage would be treated with the
application of limestone for neutralization of the acidic
content. Significant reduction of spoil bank erosion
would also be evident since vegetative cover would flourish
under close control of the growing conditions for the
control area. Soil acidic conditions would be neutralized
by the treatment imposed and sufficient water, conveying
essential nutrients, would be supplied to the spoil bank
by irrigation. Contaminated surface runoff would be
eliminated since all acid mine drainage water at the site
would be subjected to treatment and/or clarification before
it is discharged to the receiving waterways. Under the
performance of the project, everything aforementioned
should be done to bring efforts to reclaim the land and
to improve the water quality in compliance with existing
standards. Efforts successfully carried out would do much
to establish improved methods for compliance with laws,
result in more substantial vegetative renewal on poor land
areas, effect better control of potential public hazards,
help to restore public waters to greater potential uses by
the general public and establish more rapid vegetative
renewal. Implementation of the demonstration concept
throughout the Commonwealth would result in a considerable
advance in reestablishing all disturbed land to more
natural conditions.
10
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SECTION IV
JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Cognizant Authority
This study has been conducted under the auspices of the
Environmental Protection Agency. The Agency is subject
to the provisions of the Water Quality Improvement Act
of 1970, PL 91-224. The Act includes a subsection
titled "Area Acid and Other Mine Water Pollution Control
Demonstrations" which became Section 14 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. This section
provides for the demonstration of techniques for mine
drainage pollution control and directs that the Environ-
mental Protection Agency shall require such feasibility
studies as required in selecting watersheds for the
purpose of the demonstration projects. Such feasibility
studies are to aid the Environmental Protection Agency
in selecting not only the mine drainage pollution control
method(s) , but also the watershed or drainage area for
such application. The Act requires that the Environmental
Protection Agency give preference to areas which will
have the greatest public value and uses.
The Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Monitoring, issued a grant for the mine drainage de-
monstration project, described herein, to the Commonwealth
of Kentucky, Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Reclamation. Administration of the study has been the
responsibility of the Commonwealth of Kentucky's Department
of Natural Resources.
The Department of Natural Resources is a statutory unit of
the Kentucky government headed by a Commissioner. The
legislative basis for the department may be found in Ken-
tucky Revised Statutes (KRS) 146.010. The department has
the authority to exercise all state administrative functions
relating to the conservation and protection of natural
resources (except wildlife), flood control, municipal and
industrial water usage, and strip mining and reclamation.
These functions are carried out by the following five
divisions in the department:
Division of Beautification
Division of Forestry
Division of Reclamation
Division of Soil and Water
Division of Water
11
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Chapter 350 of the Kentucky Revised Statutes is one of the
most modern and effective strip mining and reclamation laws
in the United States. Under KRS 350.024 a Reclamation
Commission was created in the Department of Natural Re-
sources. (See Appendices for KRS 350.024 Reclamation
Commission; Membership; Meetings; Compensation.)
The Kentucky General Assembly, under KRS 350, have vested
in the Division of Reclamation and Reclamation Commission
the authority to regulate and control strip mining of coal
to minimize or prevent its injurious effects on the people
and resources of the Commonwealth. The Division of
Reclamation under the supervision of the Commissioner of
Natural Resources has the following authority and powers
(see Appendices for KRS 350.050 Powers of Division)
relative to this project:
1. To encourage and conduct investigations, research^
experiments and demonstrations, and to collect and
disseminate information relating to strip mining and
reclamation of lands and waters affected by^ strip
mining;
2. To adopt, without hearing, rules and regulations with
respect to the filing of reports, the issuance of
permits and other matters of procedure and adminis-
tration;
3. To examine and pass upon all plans and specifications
submitted by the operator for the method of operation,
backfilling, grading and for the reclamation of the
area of land affected by his operation;
No operator in the Commonwealth of Kentucky is allowed to
engage in strip mining without having first obtained from
the Division of Reclamation a permit designating the area
of land affected by the operation. Permit requirements
are described under KRS 350.060. (See Appendices for
KRS 350.060 Permit Required; Contents of Application; Map;
Fee; Bond.)
An operator is required to have a drainage plan. This plan
must indicate the directional flow of water, constructed
drainways, natural waterways used for drainage, and the
streams or tributaries receiving the discharge. In
addition to the method of operation, grading, backfilling
and reclamation, the operator is required to perform the
following:
12
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1. Cover the face of the coal with compacted nonacid bear-
ing and nontoxic materials to a distance of at least
four feet above the seam being strip mined or by a
permanent water impoundment;
2. Bury under adequate fill all toxic materials, roof
coal, pyritic coal or shale determined by the division
to be acid producing, toxic, or creating a fire hazard;
3. Seal off, as directed by regulations, any breakthrough
of acid water creating a hazard;
4. Impound, drain or treat all runoff water so as to
reduce soil erosion, damage to agricultural lands and
pollution of streams and other waters;
5. Remove or bury all metal, lumber, and other refuse
resulting from the operation;
6. Revegetate with suitable seed or plant mixtures after
approved regrading and soil preparation.
The project, as presented, is a demonstration of methods
of improved reclamation of strip mine areas. It is in
keeping with the foregoing Kentucky Revised Statutes on
reclamation and shall serve to expand upon the intent of
several points of the law. The project will be conducted
by one of the regulatory agencies responsible for the en-
forcement of all applicable laws and thereby has all
administrative authority to efficiently carry out the
project in compliance with the existing laws.
Since the Division of Reclamation is the grantee for the
performance of the project, it will be conducted under
authority established in the law {KRS 350) for the Division
to encourage and conduct demonstrations related to the
reclamation of lands and waters affected by strip mining.
Upon completion of the project, the Division is also
charged with the dissemination of information collected
during progress of the report.
Existing and Proposed Standards
The site of the demonstration project is within the
jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The streams
involved are considered public streams of the Commonwealth
and are therefore subject to the Federally approved Ken-
tucky Water Quality Standards for Interstate Waters.
13
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The water quality of the public streams, within the
confines of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is maintained
through the authority vested in the Water Pollution Control
Commission of the Commonwealth, under Kentucky Revised
Statute (KRS) 224.040. The applicable standards by which
said authority is administered are covered by regulation
WP-4-1, "Water Quality Standards for Waters of the Common-
wealth of Kentucky", adopted July 23, 1971, which relates
to KRS 224.010 to 224.210 and 224.990. (See Appendices
for Regulation WP-4-1.)
In accordance with the performance of the demonstration
project, a treatment plant would be installed at the
selected site to neutralize acid mine water before it
is pumped to spoil banks to augment revegetative survival;
and monitoring stations would be placed at selected sites
in the effluent streams to monitor flow, pH and conduc-
tivity .
The project is in keeping with laws regulating and control-
ling strip mining of coal within the Commonwealth, since
operators mus,t now have a drainage plan for the sites of
their operations. Also, under current law, a major
requirement exists for the reclamation of all worked-out
sites, and includes provisions for treatment of runoff
water and the revegetation of the regraded areas. The
project serves to carry out such requirements, demonstra-
ting new methods of performing same and improving upon
the results expected.
Since the project would be conducted under the direction
of the Division of Reclamation, all aspects of applicable
regulations would be strictly observed, since it is the
body charged with monitoring and enforcement. The
Division would maintain supervision of all Contractors
and personnel selected to carry out the various tasks
associated with the successful implementation of the
project.
The project will meet all water quality criteria set by
the Commonwealth (see Appendices for WP-4-1 and KRS
350.090).
Site Acquisition
The site chosen for the demonstration project is located
within the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The authority to
acquire, restore and reclaim land, as required for the
14
-------
project, is vested in the Commonwealth of Kentucky in
accordance with Kentucky Revised Statutes relating to
strip raining and reclamation, KRS 350.152, 350.154 and
350.156, which are included in the Appendices of this
Report.
Land selected for the performance of the project, Vogue
Mine site, is held in private ownership. Peabody Coal
Company, operator of the mine, is the owner of all surface
rights and has leased the mineral rights for the life of
the mine. The mineral rights have been leased from
Terteling Brothers, Inc., 611 First Security Bank Build-
ing, Boise, Idaho.
In the normal progress of the reclamation project pre-
sented, it is not anticipated that transfer of the proper-
ty will be required; especially since a formal working
agreement for conducting the project has been made between
the parties concerned. Acquisition of the property by
purchase or under the power of eminent domain would only
become necessary if severe health or safety hazards were
encountered under the present ownership arrangements, or
the owners defaulted on their responsibility to restore
all strip mined land.
Authority for Funding
Federal funding for this project was provided by way of
a grant to the Commonwealth by the Environmental Protection
Agency under authority of Section 14 of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, as amended. The grant offer was
made to the Commonwealth of Kentucky's Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation. The Division
of Reclamation is permitted to accept Federal and other
funds in accordance with Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS)
350.150 and 350.163 which are included in the Appendices
of this Report.
All sums received through the payment of fees, forfeiture
of bonds and federal grants are placed in the State
Treasury. The Division of Reclamation receives a general
fund appropriation on a bi-annual basis as approved by
the Kentucky General Assembly. Funds are expended for
the administration and enforcement of Kentucky Revised
Statute 350 and for the reclamation of improperly reclaimed
strip mined lands. Expenditure of funds is administered
by the Director of the Division of Reclamation.
15
-------
Water and Mineral Rights
Property ownership and the associated holding of water
and/or mineral rights for areas designated as sites for
the demonstration project presented herein are not of
major concern. A working agreement, by mutual affirmation,
is in effect between the Commonwealth of Kentucky (Grantee)
and the operator of the active surface mine selected as
a site for the demonstration.
No transfer of property and/or rights is anticipated with
the performance of the demonstration project. The working
agreement entered into with each coal operator provides
that the grantee will conduct the project so as not to
interfere with the mining operations; and likewise the
operator will not interfere with the performance of the
project. All streams running through the properties are
considered public streams of the Commonwealth and are
subject to all applicable Federal and Commonwealth Water
Quality Standards. The operators of the mines are subject
to all existing standards concerning water quality and
regulations for reclamation which apply to the workings and
adjacent property covered by the boundaries stipulated in
the property title, lease, etc. However, for the duration
of the demonstration described herein, the grantee_shall
assume such responsibility only for the demonstration
site. Upon completion of the project, such responsibili-
ties shall once again revert to the mine operator and/or
property owner.
Peabody Coal Company owns the surface and is leasing the
mineral rights at the recommended site.
Water used in the irrigation phase of the project would be
recycled to the stream, as ground water, unless actively
used to support vegetation or lost by evaporation.
Therefore, no water rights are required for performance of
the project since the water courses would be maintained
except for irrigation pumping requirements and neutraliza-
tion treatment of the acidic stream, both of which will be
beneficial to the receiving stream. This is in keeping
with Commonwealth of Kentucky water rights law since surface
water flowing in a stream or definite channel is not
subject to ownership, in accordance with 1954 legislation
(KRS 262.670 to 262.690), which states in part:
16
-------
The owner of land contiguous to public water shall
have the right to such reasonable use of this water
for other than domestic purposes as will not deny the
use of such water to other owners for domestic
purposes, or impair existing uses of other owners
heretofore established, or unreasonably interfere
with a beneficial use by other owners. (KRS 262.690-2)
Prevention of Future Pollution
The Division of Reclamation and Reclamation Commission
of the Department of Resources of the Commonwealth of
Kentucky have the authority to regulate and control the
quality of drainage water emanating from strip mining
operations in the Commonwealth. The existing standards
and regulations which have been established to protect the
people and resources of the Commonwealth from the injurious
effects of untreated and uncontrolled strip mine operations
are vested in these agencies under Kentucky Revised Stan-
dards (KRS) 350. An applicable section of the standards,
Strip Mine Regulation - Rg. 11, RE: Water Quality,
adopted October 1, 1971, is included in the Appendices of
this Report.
In addition to this regulation, the Kentucky Water
Pollution Control Commission is charged with safeguarding
the uncontaminated waters of the Commonwealth, preventing
the creation of new pollution in the waters of the Common-
wealth, and abating existing pollution. For this purpose
the Kentucky Legislature created in the Department of
Health the Water Pollution Control Commission. (See
Appendices for 224.030 Water Pollution Control Commission;
creation; membership; compensation; meetings, officers and
employes.)
The authority, powers and duties of the Water Pollution
Control Commission are identified in KRS 224.040 Powers
and duties of commission (see Appendices).
The laws and regulations of the Commonwealth, in conjunction
with the authority to assure compliance of these laws and
17
-------
regulations, as described above, assure the Federal
Government that the area will not be affected adversely
by the influx of acid or other mine water pollution from
nearby sources.
18
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SECTION V
INVENTORY AND FORECAST
Physical Conditions
Five sites of active mining, in the vicinity of the Madison-
ville field office of the Department of Reclamation, were
considered as possible sites for conducting this mine
drainage demonstration project. The sites considered
were as follows:
Vogue Mine, Peabody Coal Company, Permit 29-69, Supplement
No. 6 (Site No. 1)
Volunteer Mine, Cimarron Coal Company, Permit 1169-70 and
1169-69 (Site No. 2)
Colonial Mine, Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Company,
Supplement No. 1 (Site No. 3)
Colonial Mine, Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Company,
Permit No. 27-70 (Site No. 4)
Walter Wright Mine, Permit No. 453-70 (Site No. 5)
Two sites were selected for development of the project.
The sites lie in Muhlenberg and Hopkins Counties in the
Western Coal Field of Kentucky near Madisonville. The
primary decisive factor in making the selection was the
fact that preliminary analyses of the streams at the five
sites considered revealed that only two were significantly
discharging highly acid mine water. These analyses are
reported in Table 2. The sites selected were Site No. 1,
(Vogue Mine, Peabody Coal Company, Permit 29-69, Supple-
ment No. 6) and Site No, 4 (Colonial Mine, Pittsburg &
Midway Coal Mining Company, Permit 27-70).
The physical conditions at each selected site are as
follows:
Vogue Mine, Peabody Coal Company, Permit 29-69, Supplement
No. 6 (Site No. 1)
The Vogue Mine is an active operation of the Peabody Coal
Company. The mine is an area type, open pit, surface
19
-------
TABLE 2
MINE DRAINAGE QUALITY
PRELIMINARY MINE SITES
Sampled
4/70
5/71
5/71
5/71
5/71
5/71
Site
No.
1
2
3
4
4
5
Location
Vogue Mine, Upper
Pit
Volunteer, East
End
Colonial, Suppl. 1
East End
Colonial, South
End
Colonial, North
End
Walter Wright,
East End
M.O.
Alk.
0
202
86
0
*—
148
Free
Acid-
ity
0
0
176
_
0
Total
Acid-
ity
2054
14
8
300
—
38
Spec.
Cond.
mmhos
4000
2300
2300
3700
_ .
2250
PH
3.6
6.8
6.3
2.3
_
6.1
Ca
800
335
545
605
755
490
Mg
384
250
290
418
399
200
S04
3958
1960
2260
4230
4130
1965
Fe
400
1.1
0.7
513
508
1.1
Al
200
0.54
<0.05
1.6
0.65
0.06
to
o
Test results reported in mg/1 unless otherwise noted.
-------
mine and is located in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky,
approximately 11 miles southeast of Madisonville, Kentucky.
It appears on the USGS Millport, Kentucky, quadrangle map
at 37° 17' 48" latitude and 87° 19' 18" longitude. The
permit area is approximately 100 acres and is shown in
Figure 1. Mining is in the No. 9 seam of coal and the pit
extends the entire length of the permit area. Although
there is no active mining at this site at the present time,
the stripping operation will be resumed in the northern
portion of the pit in the spring of 1974. During active
mining operations, water is pumped from the pit as re-
quired to accommodate mining activities. The effluent is
pumped into drainways that eventually drain into Isaacs
Creek, which drains into the Pond River, which in turn
flows into the Green River and then into the Ohio.
During periods of relatively dry weather, approximately 80%
of the total drainage from the Vogue pit originates as
drainage from orphaned areas near the southern portion of
the strip pit. The quality of the drainage from this area
is very poor and shows heavy acid and iron contamination.
Samples were collected of the influent and effluent drain-
age to the pit and of Isaacs Creek, both above and below the
drainage from the Vogue strip pit. The geographic locations
of these sample points are illustrated in Figure 2. The
results of these analyses are tabulated in Tables 3 through
10. These samples were collected periodically over a four
month period and represent periods of both high and low
water flows.
Colonial Mine, Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company,
Permit 27-70 (Site No. 4)
The Colonial Mine is an active operation of the Pittsburg
& Midway Coal Mining Company. This operation is also an
area type, open pit, surface mine and is located in Hopkins
County, Kentucky, approximately seven miles west of
Madisonville, Kentucky. It appears on the USGS Madison-
ville West, Kentucky, quadrangle map at 37° 20' 55"
latitude and 87° 35' 49" longitude. The permit area is
120 acres and is shown in Figure 3. Mining is in the
No. 14 seam of coal and the pit has been developed almost
the entire length of the permit area. Future surface
mining activities will be concentrated toward the southern
portion of the per .nit area, since present plans call for
the development of a deep mine near the northeastern end
of the pit.
21
-------
1000 0 1000 2000 3000
SCALE IN FEET
LOCATION PLAN, VOGUE MINE - FIGURE 1
22
-------
37" 17 30
O Sample point
Monitor Station
VOGUE MINE SITE
MONITOR STATION AND SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS
23
-------
TABLE 3
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 1 (l)
VOGUE STRIP PIT (MID-PIT)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCOs)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) nunhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (MgO
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity
8/17/71 9/10/71 10/13/71 11/3/71
400
1160
4160
3.0
130 -
54
-
—
2400
3600
94
11.9
4458
31
4427
0.6
92
40.2
<0.17
84
6.3
0.39
375
1120
4500
2.8
60-70
14
365
210
1774
2920
114
5.5
4682
24
4658
0.2
130
41.0
-
-
-
-
302
1310
4100
3.0
-
-
400
235
1966
3050
170
7.52
5250
17
5233
0.2
132
47.0
-
-
-
-
630
1382
3540
2.8
-
-
427
246
2077
3260
144
3.54
5281
5
5276
<0.1
123
48.1
-
-
-
-
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(T) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
24
-------
TABLE 4
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 2 (T)
SOUTH END OF VOGUE STRIP MINE
Date
Flow (gpr.)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) ramhos
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/17/71
5
620
1040
5700
2.9
156
230
3050
4650
256
148
6484
112
6372
4
20
25.6
<0.17
250
19.0
0.13
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
Refer to Figure
sample point.
2 for location of
25
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TABLE 5
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO . 3
POND WEST OF VOGUE STRIP PIT
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/17/71 9/7/71
970
1950
5420
2.8
230
68
3300
5380
334
35.6
6953
27
6926
0.5
174
49.2
<0.17
124
4.6
0.45
950
2185
4320
2.8
>70
51
283
314
1995
4263
100
2.97
6754
22
6732
0.3
85
30.0
10/13/71
185
458
2190
4870
2.8
455
300
2371
4560
415
16.1
7473
37
7436
0.2
212
75.0
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(T) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
26
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TABLE 5 (Cont'd)
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 3 ©
POND WEST OF VOGUE STRIP PIT
(gpm)
Alkalinity (CaC03)
Alkalinity (CaC03)
Acidity (CaC03)
Acidity (CaC03)
Date
Flow
Pht.
M.O.
Free
Total
Conductivity ( 25 °C) "mmhos
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
11/3/71
15
1400
2550
5080
2.6
498
325
2578
4610
306
7.93
7653
17
7636
0.1
207
76.3
1/19/72
502
1214
4140
2.7
>70
60
411
451
2877
3450
196
68.3
5329
38
5291
0.3
118
48.4
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted,
!T) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
27
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TABLE 6
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 4 (T)
HEADWATERS OF UNNAMED TRIBUTARY
TO ISAACS CREEK
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/17/71
103
250
2760
3.2
8
4
1600
1920
8.0
6.21
2510
3
2507
0.1
21
29.2
3.58
36
7.8
0.17
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
Refer to Figure 2
sample point.
for location of
28
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TABLE 7
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 5 (T)
ISAACS CREEK NEAR CONVEYOR BELT
Date 8/17/71 9/7/71 10/13/71
Flow (gpm) 900 900 1050
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03) - -
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) -
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 720 330 426
Total Acidity (CaC03) 1660 980 1780
Conductivity (25°C) iranhos. 4820 2640 4350
pH (electrometrically) 2.9 2.8 2.9
Color (APHA) 152 20
Turbidity (JTU) 32 56
Calcium (Ca) - 234 382
Magnesium (Mg) - 163 275
Hardness (CaCOs) 2900 1253 2086
Sulfate (S04) 4510 2034 3620
Total Iron (Fe) 164 6.5 245
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 22.0 1.88 11.3
Total Solids 5908 3334 6207
Suspended Solids 14 48 23
Dissolved Solids 5894 3286 6184
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.2 0.9 0.4
Aluminum (Al) 150 60 204
Manganese (Mn) 65.6 38.0 85.0
Chloride (Cl) 0.17
Sodium (Na) 46
Potassium (K) 5.0
Copper (Cu) 0.35
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03) -
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
Jj Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
29
-------
TABLE 7 (Cont'd)
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 5 @
ISAACS CREEK NEAR CONVEYOR BELT
Date 11/3/71 1/19/72
Flow (gpm) 900
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03) 806 460
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 1816 824
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 4300 2720
pH (electrometrically) 2.8 2.7
Color (APHA) - 40-50
Turbidity (JTU) - 64
Calcium (Ca) 469 243
Magnesium (Mg) 258 219
Hardness (CaCO3) 2231 1506
Sulfate (S04) 3530 2009
Total Iron (Fe) 160 100
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 6.23 25.5
Total Solids 5943 3225
Suspended Solids 10 80
Dissolved Solids 5933 3145
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1 1.4
Aluminum (Al) 173 91.9
Manganese (Mn) 79.8 46.7
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na) - -
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted,
^) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
30
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TABLE 8
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 6 @
ISAACS CREEK ABOVE RT. 70
Date 8/17/71 9/8/71 10/13/71
Flow (gpm) - 9425 945
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03) - - -
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) - - -
Free Acidity (CaC03) 535 220 183
Total Acidity (CaCO^) 1240 632 1010
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 4250 2350 3900
pH (electrometrically) 2.9 2.9 3.0
Color (APHA) 260 20
Turbidity (JTU) 180 125
Calcium (Ca) 400 223 387
Magnesium (Mg) 139 133 250
Hardness (CaCO^) 1580 1103 1995
Sulfate (S04) 3560 1672 2850
Total Iron (Fe) 106 23 125
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 14.1 8.51 8.32
Total Solids 5226 2662 5092
Suspended Solids 71 51 111
Dissolved Solids 5155 2611 4981
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 5.0 1.0 7.5
Aluminum (Al) 124 1.5 128
Manganese (Mn) 57.2 9.6 60.0
Chloride (Cl) 3.51
Sodium (Na) 56
Potassium (K) 5.8
Copper (Cu) 0.32
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO$) - -
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(T) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
31
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TABLE 8 (Cont'd)
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 6 (T)
ISAACS CREEK ABOVE RT. 70
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) itunhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
11/3/71
800
469
1290
3970
2.9
406
262
2089
3070
96
5.2
4948
79
4869
6.5
131
69.2
1/19/72
220
657
2730
2.9
30-40
150
217
145
1138
1896
78
21.0
3048
89
2959
2.5
79
41.9
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted,
2) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
32
-------
TABLE 9
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 7 (T)
DISCHARGE FROM NORTH END OF
VOGUE STRIP PIT
Date 9/10/71 10/13/71 11/3/71
Flow (gpm) 600 175 140
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03) 0
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 0 - -
Free Acidity (CaC03) 440 415 673
Total Acidity (CaC03) 810 1280 1438
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 3760 4070 4110
pH (electrometrically) 2.9 2.8 2.8
Color (APHA) 60 -
Turbidity (JTU) 1.4
Calcium (Ca) 330 394 429
Magnesium (Mg) 195 235 256
Hardness (CaC03) 1625 1951 2123
Sulfate (S04) 3081 3020 3290
Total Iron (Fe) 98 165 130
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 4„4 8.32 2.97
Total Solids 4918 5157 4616
Suspended Solids 29 53 1
Dissolved Solids 4889 5104 4615
Settleable Solids (ml/1) Q.2 1.6 <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 130 120 130
Manganese (Mn) 40 50 48.5
Chloride (Cl) -
Sodium (Na) -
Potassium (K) -
Copper (Cu) - -
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03) -
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
.) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
33
-------
TABLE 9 (Cont'd)
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 7 (T)
DISCHARGE FROM NORTH END OF
VOGUE STRIP PIT
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrieally)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg),
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron {Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
11/9/71 11/30/71 1/19/72
201
555
2700
2.9
30-40
12
262
160
1311
1723
102
7.03
2710
18
2692
602
1397
4050
2.8
29.0
390
234
1934
3180
108
2.9
5163
2
5161
<0.1
124
51.7
680
1230
3720
2.7
6.4
390
230
1918
2992
110
3.07
4885
25
4860
0.5
10
48.0
69.1
33.4
250
1216
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
fl) Refer to Figure 2 for location of sample point.
34
-------
TABLE 10
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 8 (T)
UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO ISAACS CREEK
NEAR BRIDGE AT RT. 70
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (504)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
10/13/71
900
534
1950
4530
2.7
382
275
2086
3630
355
16.4
6604
28
6576
0.4
172
60
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
^l) Refer to Figure 2 for location
of sample point.
35
-------
1000 0 1000 2000 3000
SCALE IN I
LOCATION PLAN, COLONIAL MINE - FIGURE 3
36
-------
During the period of this study, pumping rates varied
between 1000 gpm during relatively dry conditions up to a
maximum of 5000 gpm following periods of moderately heavy
rainfall. This water is pumped from the pit into a
drainage ditch, which in turn flows into an abandoned strip
mine impoundment. This lake is both fed and drained by
Pond Creek, which flows into Clear Creek, which then drains
into the Tradewater River and then into the Ohio River.
The quality of the drainage from this area is alkaline in
nature with only minor iron contamination. The present
quality of the discharge from this site at its confluence
with the abandoned strip mine impoundment meets State water
quality standards; several species of game fish have been
observed at this site. Samples were collected of the in-
fluent and effluent drainage to the pit, of Pond Creek
above the drainage from the Colonial strip pit and of the
abandoned strip mine impoundment. The geographic locations
of these sample points are illustrated in Figure 4. The
results of these analyses are tabulated in Tables 11
through 17. These samples were collected periodically
over a four month period and represent periods of both
high and low water flows.
Data collected during this study indicates that the Vogue
site provides an excellent basis for the demonstration of
treatment schemes applicable to revegetation of acidic
spoil material by the use of neutralized acid mine
drainage; the supportive data from the Colonial site,
however, indicates that additional neutralization is not
warranted.
Water Resources
An important consideration in the selection of the Western
Kentucky Coal Field for demonstration of mine drainage
pollution control procedures was the water resources of the
area. Figure 5, which is taken from "Water Resources In-
vestigations in Kentucky" USGS 1969, shows a number of
pertinent facts regarding these resources. The annual pre-
cipitation of 48 inches is important as it relates to the
irrigation aspect of the control procedure as will be
discussed later. The character of the surface waters in
the Western Kentucky Coal Field area as predominantly sul-
fate bearing reflects the coal mining conditions but, more
importantly, the area defined as such (under "Chemical
Type of Surface Water" in Figure 5) is small enough that
37
-------
N
37° 20'
m
to
o
h-
00
O Sample point
^ Monitor Station
COLONIAL MINE SITE
MONITOR STATION AND SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS
FIGURE 4
38
-------
TABLE 11
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 1 (JL)
COLONIAL STRIP PIT
Date 8/18/71
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03) 0
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 40
Free Acidity (CaC03) 0
Total Acidity (CaC03) 275
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 5590
pH (electrometrically) 5.8
Color (APHA) 36
Turbidity (JTU) 460
Calcium (Ca) 1012
Magnesium (Mg) 2.18
Hardness (CaCO3) 2440
Sulfate (S04) 4440
Total Iron (Fe) 210
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 207
Total Solids 6206
Suspended Solids 182
Dissolved Solids 6024
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.4
Aluminum (Al) 0.6
Manganese (Mn) 21
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na) 624
Potassium (K) 26
Copper (Cu) 0.07
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(T) Refer to Figure 4 for location of
sample point.
39
-------
TABLE 12
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 2 (l)
COLONIAL DRAINAGE DITCH APPROXIMATELY
200 YARDS DOWNSTREAM FROM HEAD OF DITCH
Date 8/18/71 10/13/71
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 0
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCOs) 256 325
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 0
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 16.0 13.2
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 4400 3700
pH (electrometrically) 6.4 7.7
Color (APHA) 48
Turbidity (JTU) 96
Calcium (Ca) 528 313
Magnesium (Mg) 118 210
Hardness (CaCO3) 1810 1646
Sulfate (S04) 2520 2150
Total Iron (Fe) 7.5 3.1
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 2.1 0.43
Total Solids 4145 3776
Suspended Solids 54 22
Dissolved Solids 4091 3754
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.8 <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 0.24 0.29
Manganese (Mn) 9.2 9.1
Chloride (Cl) 10.6
Sodium (Na) 524
Potassium (K) 24
Copper (Cu) 0.08
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCOa)
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
^l) Refer to Figure 4 for location of sample point.
40
-------
TABLE 13
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 30
COLONIAL STRIP PIT DISCHARGE
NEAR NORTH END OF PIT
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
9/8/71 10/13/71 11/3/71 11/9/71
3800 1200
228
380
398
374
8. 0
3240
7. 6
35
240
283
175
1486
2305
370.0
4 .36
3960
219
3741
1.4
195. 0
60.0
12.0
3650
7.6
-
-
334
165
1513
2130
0.7
0.06
3727
12
3715
<0.1
0.21
7.0
12.0
3600
7.7
-
-
322
164
1477
1950
4.9
1. 6
3599
55
3544
<0.1
0.5
6.2
10
3610
7.7
-
7.9
401
177
1079
2110
2.1
1.4
3738
5
3733
<0.1
0.3
5.9
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(T) Refer to Figure 4 for location of sample point.
41
-------
TABLE 14
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 40
POND CREEK APPROXIMATELY 600 FEET
DOWNSTREAM FROM BRIDGE ON RT. 1034
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron {Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
9/7/71
15
3
1500
7.7
20
111
113
61
533
909
0.41
0.16
1529
10
1519
0.57
0.10
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
Refer to Figure
sample point.
4 for location of
42
-------
TABLE 15
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 5@
COLONIAL DRAINAGE DITCH APPROXIMATELY 20 FEET
UPSTREAM FROM ITS CONFLUENCE WITH POND CREEK
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
10/13/71
55.6
7.2
2100
7.3
163
105
839
1130
0.23
0.15
1898
6
1892
<0.1
0.28
2.2
11/3/71
96.0
12.0
2610
7.3
198
108
938
1420
0.13
0.10
2452
3
2449
<0.1
0.3
2.7
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted,
f) Refer to Figure 4 for location of sample point.
43
-------
TABLE 16
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 6 (T)
COLONIAL STRIP PIT DISCHARGE (NEAR MID-PIT)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (SO.)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
10/13/71
1080
92.4
27.2
4050
6.8
405
215
1896
2760
33
1.32
4482
54
4428
0.13
19
11/30/71
50.9
28.4
4320
6.8
360
560
260
2466
3457
44
32.6
5589
112
5477
0.5
0.33
17
16
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted
[T) Refer to Figure 4 for location of sample point.
44
-------
TABLE 17
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 7 @
STRIP MINE IMPOUNDMENT
WEST OF COLONIAL PIT AREA
Date 1/19/72
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 37
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03) 7
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 955
pH (electrometrically) 7.1
Color (APHA) 30-40
Turbidity (JTU) 2.2
Calcium (Ca) 59
Magnesium (Mg) 31
Hardness (CaC03) 275
Sulfate (S04) 303
Total Iron (Fe) 0.17
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.027
Total Solids 663
Suspended Solids 2
Dissolved Solids 661
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) <0 .1
Manganese (Mn) 0.49
Chloride (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
[T) Refer to Figure 4 for location of
of sample point.
45
-------
MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN INCHES 1931-55
(DATA FROM US WEATHER BUREAU-ESSA)
AVERAGE ANNUAL RUNOFF IN INCHES
MEAN DISCHARGE, CFS
25,000
" OOO
ooo
900,000
WIDTH OF RIVER INDICATES MEAN DISCHARGE
MEAN DISCHARGE OF MAJOR RIVERS,
IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND
n
BICARBONATE
SULFATE
CHLORIDE
CHEMICAL TYPE OF SURFACE
WATER
I
_— — •'•"/.•'• y
MOST WELLS YIELD ENOUGH WATER FOR
DOMESTIC USE
SANDSTONE AND SILTSTONE
LIMESTONE
WELLS YIELD 100
GALLONS OR
MORE PER MINUTE
SAND AND GRAVEL
ABOUT HALF THE WELLS
YIELD ENOUGH
WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE
CD
LIMESTONE AND SHALE
SAND LIMESTONE AND SANDSTONE SAND BENEATH^URFACE
TYPE AND YIELD OF AQUIFERS
WATER RESOURCES DATA - FIGURE 5
SILTSTONE
46
-------
successful treatment procedures may ultimately restore
quality to that of surrounding areas (headwaters) which
are predominantly bicarbonate containing.
As indicated by Figure 5, the quality of surface streams
uncontaminated by mine drainage in western Kentucky re-
flects the limestone common to the area and particularly
to the headwaters. Table 18 shows the quality of the Green
River at Bowling Green, Kentucky, which is upstream of
surface coal mining activities and is typical of the
natural surface quality. Also shown in Table 18 is an
analysis of the Pond River near Sacramento, Kentucky,
just north and east of Madisonville, This is a point
downstream of heavily mined areas, including those of
Site No. 1 and Site No. 2 previously mentioned. Also
listed in Table 18 is an analysis of the Tradewater
River at Olney, Kentucky, which is west and slightly
south of Madisonville, but downstream of considerable
surface mining activity. The drainage from Site No. 3
and, at times, Site No. 4 enters downstream of Olney.
There is very little published data available on the
quality of the streams draining the particular active sites
under consideration. Stream monitoring stations should be
installed to provide a continuous record of the surface
water quality in order to establish the data required to
adequately evaluate the effectiveness of the demonstration
project.
Most of the surface streams draining the western Kentucky
coal region are contaminated with acid mine drainage.
Clear Creek, for example, originates in the south-central
portion of Hopkins County near Madisonville. It flows in
a west-northwesterly direction to its confluence with the
Tradewater River at the Hopkins and Webster County line.
Two of the major tributaries of Clear Creek are Pond
Creek and Greasy Creek, into which the drainages discharge
from Site No. 4, Colonial Mine.
There are no fish in either Clear Creek or its tributaries
because of acid mine drainage. Clear Creek has a pH range
of 2.5 to 4.0. Apparently, many of the older open pits
are self-contained and contribute little to downstream
pollution problems. It is estimated, however, that runoff
occurs on roughly 25 percent of the strip mine spoil areas.
Isaacs Creek, which receives the drainage from the Vogue
strip mine, exhibits similar quality characteristics.
47
-------
TABLE 18
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
Total Iron (Fe)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Sodium (Na)
Bicarbonate (HCC^)
Sulfate (SO4)
Chloride (Cl)
Hardness (CaCC^)
Conductivity (25°C)mmhos
Dissolved Solids
pH
Green River at
Bowling Green, Ky.
(Warren County)
Dec/ 19 67
0.12
-
0.18
44
9
4.5
130
36
8
147
306
177
7.6
Feb/1969
0.12
-
0.02
38
6.6
4.6
122
18
9
122
269
142
7.4
Pond River near
Sacramento, Ky.
(McLean County)
Oct/1967
7.1
-
11
160
81
55
0
888
28
733
1810
1350
3.3
Oct/1968
40
55
19
238
158
76
0
1790
22
1240
3200
2470
2.8
Tradewater River at
Olney, Kentucky
(Caldwell County)
Oct/1967
0.02
5.2
13
-
-
-
2
528
6
504
966
822
4.6
Nov/1968
0.1
16
18
140
92
18
0
860
10
729
1440
1260
4.2
00
Test results reported in mg/1 unless otherwise indicated.
-------
Samples collected periodically throughout the course of
this study indicate that the discharge water from the Vogue
mine site is highly acid and would provide an excellent
basis for a demonstration of treatment schemes applicable
to area type surface mining techniques. The discharge from
the Colonial mine site is alkaline in nature and would not
be representative of typical acid mine drainage conditions
for the demonstration of a hydra ted lime neutralisation
plant; the quality of this water would, however, provide
an excellent source of water for irrigation purposes.
Social and . JEconomic Environment
The mine sites discussed are in two adjacent counties and
are both in the immediate vicinity of the City of Madison-
ville. For purposes of an analysis of the social and
economic factors inherent in the area of the selected
sites, census data has been reviewed with respect to the
state, counties involved, and the City of Madisonville.
Comparisons between 1960 and 1970 figures indicate that
major trends determined within the Commonwealth are as
follows :
1. Kentucky's population increase has lagged behind the
national average.
2. A larger portion of the Commonwealth 's population
has become urbanized.
3. Kentucky has fewer people in the working class age
group of 20-64 years of age than the national average.
The counties and city aforementioned are definitely follow-
ing the statewide trend, in that the City of Maclisor.ville
has experienced a 16.9% increase in population between
census surves while Hokins and Mhnr t
have
over
Vogue
has experienced a 16.9% increase in population betwe*
census surveys while Hopkins and Muhlenberg Counties
experienced small percentage decreases in population
the same period. Muhlenberg County, site of the Vogu
Mine, experienced a shift in population by displaying
an increase in urban population and a decrease in rural
population.
Pertinent facts (1970) on population density for the areas
of the demonstration sites are as follows:
49
-------
Muhlenberg County
481 square miles land area
27,537 population
57.2 people/square mile
Hopkins County
553 square miles land area
38,167 population
69.0 people/square mile
Statistics (1960) on the population in the Commonwealth
reveal that half of the state's employed workers are in
blue-collar occupations, the number of adults completing
one or more years of college is lower than the national
average, and nearly four out of ten families have incomes
of $3,000 or less. This is significant since the state
does not experience a high influx of new residents and
those that are native born remain in the state of their
birth, as evidenced by the figures on Hopkins (88.9%)
and Muhlenberg (92.9%) Counties. People in the area are
definitely dependent upon employment in the vicinity of
their home since low percentages of the work force work
outside the county of their residence (8.4% in Hopkins
County and 11.8% in Muhlenberg County).
Over 50% of the population in Muhlenberg and Hopkins
Counties is in the age bracket of 18 to 64, eligible
to be a part of the work force. However, state records
indicate that the largest segment of the population is in
the age bracket 44 to 64, which also coincides with the
largest segment of the working force. This part of the
population is significant since, of the people 25 years
old or older, only a third have completed 4 years of
high school and the median years of school completed for
the average individual is only 8.5 at best.
The factors of minimal education, dependence on employ-
ment in the vicinity of the home, predominance of employ-
ment in blue-collar positions are significant factors
indicating the potential of the work force. This is
further supported by the high unemployment in the counties
(5% in Hopkins and 9.5% in Muhlenberg) and the low median
income of the average laborer ($4,044 in Hopkins and
$3,355 in Muhlenberg). Workers are dependent on manu-
facturing industries, agriculture, construction and mining
as the chief areas of employment. The need for increased
50
-------
job opportunities is critical from the standpoint that
the median age of the public is 27.6 and a significant
segment of the population is married and has children of
elementary school age. These young families, as well as
the older segment of the population approaching retirement,
require a sufficient income on which to survive and are
heavily dependent on the industry established in the
Commonwealth.
Water may be Kentucky's primary industrial resource for
the future; therefore, it is important that everything
possible be done to maintain or improve the quality of
the waters of the Commonwealth so that a sufficient
quantity of good quality water is available for existing
and potential industrial consumption. According to
information available on water sources and consump-
tion in the Commonwealth, 83.6% of the water sources in
the Western Coal Field are attributed to surface water, of
which 78.1% of the supply is put to industrial use. To
assure the continuous supply of water in the quantity and
quality required for such use, the Commonwealth has laws
and regulatory agencies which exist to safeguard streams
against pollution, continually monitor water quality and
quantity of Commonwealth streams, and allocate water
supply usage in the Commonwealth,
The provision of a good supply of water to encourage
industrial investment in the Commonwealth will serve
as a major factor in providing more job opportunities.
The economic development so stimulated and the jobs
created will serve to encourage a larger population growth
in the Commonwealth. In general, population increases
are being experienced around urban centers at the expense
of rural areas of the Commonwealth. Although a reversal
in this trend is not expected, increased water usage is
anticipated in rural areas for irrigation of croplands.
Therefore, the use of treated water as a significant
feature of the demonstration project will provide valuable
results toward the overall improvement of Commonwealth
waters for all use requirements.
51
-------
SECTION VI
PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING
Abatement Project Description
As previously mentioned, two sites were selected for
further investigation, namely the No. 1 Vogue and the
No. 4 Colonial sites.
The Vogue mine, operated by the Peabody Coal Company,
is located in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Approximately
50% of the permit area has been mined to date; with the
exception of the existing pit area, the spoil banks have
been regraded to near original contour conditions.
While the mine has been inactive throughout the course
of this study, present plans call for the resumption of
stripping operations during the spring of 1974. At that
time, mining will begin in the northern section of the
pit and progress in a southwesterly direction.
The area initially allocated for the demonstration site
consisted of approximately 35 acres beginning at the north
end of the pit (refer to Figures 6 and 7). Since the
coal seam generally dips to the north at this site and all
drainage eventually exits at the north end of the pit,
the pumping facilities and treatment plant would be
located in this area to eliminate excessive pumping
distances and interferences with mining operations. The
extreme southern portion of the demonstration area (5 acres)
could be used as a control test plot in which surface_
preparation, pretreatment and planting would be identical
to the remaining demonstration area, the only difference
in treatment being that this area would not be irrigated.
Soil samples were taken in some detail at the Vogue mine
site as shown on the map of the area (refer to Figures 6
and 7). The entire area showed signs of acidic materials,
including isolated and small severely acid spots. The 14
samples taken represent approximately two acres each, and
each sample was composed of approximately eight cores
taken at a depth of 0-8 inches.
53
-------
< i!
.1
VOGUE PLOT PLAN- SHEET I
FIGURE 6
-------
< n
I ; iO(I '.AMI-I I Hi i
• ' f'API CIHCl t M'HINKI ( h-3 (•/ : 111 A J
• •' Mil L LlWCLl '.d'MINKI I H'., ' ?W UIA,)
VOGUE PLOT PLAN- SHEET 2
FIGURE 7
-------
The samples were returned to the laboratory, dried in a
60°C oven and ground to pass a 2 mm screen. Analyses for
pH , lime requirement, phosphorus and potassium were run
by the Soil Testing Laboratory at the University of
Kentucky. Four of the most acid materials were shaken
with 0.04N CA(OH)2 for one day and pH was determined on
the suspensions. (This was done to verify the Soil Test-
ing Laboratory lime requirement test for the most severely
acid areas.) Electrical conductivity was determined on
all materials in a 2:1 water-spoil ratio using an Indus-
trial Instruments Bridge and a conductivity cell with a
cell constant of 1.0.
The results of the pH, electrical conductivity, phosphorus
and potassium tests are shown in Table 19. In general
the pH values in samples from the Vogue site are rather
low, but the extreme ends (1 and 7) are much less acid
than the middle. Area 4 was especially acid and so was
area 6 (refer to Figures 6 and 7) . The electrical conduc-
tivity did not appear to be a serious problem except in
area 4. Even here, it is doubtful that it will prevent
plant growth after winter rains remove some of the salt.
Phosphorus extractable by NH4F-HC1 was very low for all
samples. This usually is the case in mine spoils and
nothing out of the ordinary was encountered. Potassium
was on the borderline in all of the samples from the Vogue
site. However, except for samples 2F, 4B and 6, it is
unlikely that potassium is deficient for plant growth.
The lime requirement was determined for all the materials
sampled using the change in the pH of a buffered salt as
the indicator. Values obtained are shown in Table 19 and
range from one ton per acre to eight tons per acre of the
Vogue mine and from 0 to 1 ton on the Colonial mine .
Because of the extreme variability in lime requirement on
the Vogue mine spoils and because later irrigation can be
used to supplement problem areas, it appears that a general
agricultural limestone rate of 5 tons per acre should be
used as a treatment as soon as the land surface is reformed
for irrigation.
Since phosphorus levels were very low, 200 Ibs. of P2®5 Per
acre will be applied (about 425 Ibs. of 46% P2C>5 per acre)
at the Vogue site. Because potassium is somewhat low, 100
Ibs. of 60% K20 should be applied in order to assure
adequate growing conditions .
56
-------
TABLE 19
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SPOIL MATERIALS FROM THE
VOGUE AND COLONIAL MINES
(Sampled November 30, 1971)
Location of
Spoil Material*
Vogue Mine:
1 F
L
2 F
U
L
3 F
B
4 A
B
5 A
B
C
5
7
Colonial Mine:
1
2
3
4 (Vegetated)
PH
5.3
5.7
3.3
4.5
3.8
3.4
4.5
3.1
3.0
4.6
3.9
4.5
3.2
5.1
7.7
6.7
8.1
4.9
Conductivity* *
mhos/cm2
1.35
2.50
3.25
2.70
3.10
3.15
2.50
4.00
3.80
P
Ibs/A
5
1
6
2
3
7
2
K
Ibs/A
136
135
94
122
122
113
144
8 106
5 85
!
3.30 ! 2
3.40 4
3.40 ! 2
3.00 \ 4
2.70 2
1.40 1
115
117
120
81
I
140
315
1.90 2 330
Lime ***
Requirement
Tons/Acre
1.0
1.0
7.0
1.0
4.0
7.0
1.0
8.0
7.0
1.0
4.0
1.0
8.0
1.0
0
o
1.05 1 i 312 0
1.05 4 ' 119 1.0
* Refer to Figures 6 and 7
** 10 g soil: 20 ml H20
*** Agricultural Limestone
57
-------
All spoil material is generally low in nitrogen and this
element is required in rather large amounts for plant
growth. In view of this, the Vogue site should be
fertilized at the rate of 100 Ibs. of nitrogen per acre
(300 Ibs. of ammonium nitrate). All these recommendations
are summarized in Table 20.
Water samples were collected and flow measurements were
made of the pit influent and effluent drainage and of Isaacs
Creek above and below the drainage from the Vogue mine site
at regular intervals throughout the course of this study.
The results of the analyses of these samples can be seen
in Tables 3 through 10.
On the basis of the pit effluent water analyses and
observed flow rates, (refer to Table 21), a conventional
acid mine drainage treatment plant is proposed to treat
the total pit effluent to a level acceptable for discharge
to a receiving stream. The treatment plant will be designed
in such a manner as to permit the neutralized, oxidized
discharge from the process to either be used as irrigation
water on the prepared spoil banks or to be clarified in
temporary settling ponds for ultimate discharge to a
receiving stream. A plot plan of the proposed treatment
plant/irrigation system is shown in Figures 6 and 7.
The neutralization plant would employ standard "off the
shelf" equipment. Such equipment is suitable for use with
either hydrated lime or pulverized limestone. While lime-
stone has been shown to be less effective than hydrated
lime (50-75%), the unreacted limestone would have a
residual benefit on the spoil. Limestone consumption has
been estimated at 1000 pounds per hour for treatment of the
maximum flow expected from the Vogue mine site. A flow
diagram of the proposed treatment facilities can be seen
in Figure 8. The entire set of equipment would be con-
structed in modular fashion for easy movement from site
to site. A self-contained diesel electric power plant
would be one of the modular units and would supply all
power for the pumps and control equipment.
During those months when irrigation may be employed almost
continuously in July, August, September and October, records
indicate an average monthly 3.5" rainfall (refer to Table
22). This amount deducted from an average of 0.25" per day
for evapo-transpiration gives an average of 4" of water per
acre per month for irrigation. On this basis, the 25 acres
available for irrigation at the Vogue site would require an
average of 275 gpm operating eight hours per day five days
58
-------
TABLE 20
RECOMMENDED RATES OF
LIME, FERTILIZER AND SEED
FOR VOGUE AND COLONIAL SPOIL AREAS
Location
Vogue Mine
Colonial Mine
Tons Lime
Per Acre
5
0
Lbs. Fertilizer
Elements/Acre
N
100
100
P20S
200
200
K20
100
200
LBs. Seed per Acre
Kentucky ~T Korean
Fescue Lespedeza
10 10
10 0
Red
Clover
10
10
Ladino
Clover
0
5
Ul
-------
TABLE 21
VOGUE. PIT DISCHARGE
WATER ANALYSES TABULATION
SAMPLE LOCATION V-7
Flow (qpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO-^)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO7)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO^)
Conductivity (25°CJ mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
9/10
600
0
0
440
810
3760
2.9
60
1.4
330
195
1625
3081
98
4.4
4 91 8
29
4889
0.2
130
40.0
10/13
175
-
-
415
1280
4070
2.8
-
—
394
235
1951
3020
165
8.32
5157
53
5104
1.6
120
50.0
11/3
140
-
-
673
1438
4110
2.8
—
—
429
256
2123
3290
130
2.97
4616
1
4615
<0.1
130
48.5
11/9 !
"™ t
-
— t
602
1397
4050
2.8
-
29.0
, 390
1 234
1934
3180
108
2.9
5163
2
5161
<0.1
124
51.7
11/30
-
-
-
680
1230
3720
2.7
-
6.4
390
230
1918
2992
110
3.07
4885
25
4860
0.5
10
48.0
1/19
-
-
_
201
•555"" "
2700
2.9
30-40
12.0
262
160
1311
1723
^102
7.03
2710
18
2692
<0.1
69.1
33.4
Max.
600 '
—
—
680
1438
4110
2.9
60
29.0
429
256
2123
3290
165
8.32
5163
53
5161
1.6
130
51.7
Min.
140 1
—
—
201
555
2700
2.7
30-40
1.4
262
160
1311
1723
98
2. 9
1 2 7 IT)
^_
2692
<0.1
1 10
3.4
Ave.
305
~
»
5T)2
1118
3735
"2.8
47.5
2 . /
366
218
1810
2881
4 . 78
4575
4554
0. 3~§
y / . /
45.3
a\
o
-------
-LIME STOWAGE BIN
274O CU f T-CAR*CIIY
1?'OIA.*32'HI&H
FLOAT NG IRHIGATOII PUMP
|^HF
Df MONSTRAT10N AREA 31.0 ACRFS APPROX
5.5ACRf& TFSTAflEA
i
10
MC
Rf
1
1
rTiT
5,9AC«S
111
4.7 ACRf &
f
4.; ACRES
MON
-------
TABLE 22
TABULATION OF RAINFALL DATA
MADISONVILLE, KY. - HOPKINS COUNTY
1960 THROUGH 1971
YEAR
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
TOT.
AVE.
JAN.
2.43
2.58
4.31
0.64
2.49
4.30
4.67
2.21
1.91
6.47
0.69
4. 50
37.20
3.10
FEB.
2.93
5.51
7.06
0.96
2.41
4.15
4.04
2.59
1.93
1.69
4.11
8.19
45.57
3.80
MAR.
2.70
5.13
4.13
9.71
14.68
7.25
1.18
3.11
4.84
2.98
4.58
1.88
62.17
5.18
APR.
2.73
5.61
2.55
1.31
3.31
3.88
9.45
2.92
5.32
5.40
9.03
1.78
53.29
4.44
MAY
2.58
6.56
4.85
3.77
3.95
1.65
6.19
7.69
6.25
3.48
2.28
3.20
52.45
4.37
JUNE
5.47
2.86
3.08
1.99
2.22
2.96
1.62
4.95
1.83
13.86
5.18
3.89
49.91
4.16
JULY
5.50
>
7.17
2.44
2.92
3.86
2.91
0.95
5.99
3.96
4.81
4.18
4.96
49. 65
4.14
AUG.
0.83
3.53
5.71
2.33^
2.82
2.37
3.71
2.33
3.08
3.48
3.23
1.38
34.80
2.90
SEPT.
1.65
1.94
5.59
0.40
5.84
6.07
4.60
3.94
3.84
2.70
0.91
3.36
40.84
3.40
OCT.
1.64
3.48
2.51
0
0.29
1.84
2.51
3.49
1.19
2.63
7.73
1.98
29.29
2.44
NOV.
4.13
5.79
2.10
1.38
3.44
2.45
2.87
3.29
4.26
4.93
2.27
1.91
38.82
3.24
DEC.
3.70
4.13
2.07
0.88
5.15
0.86
4.72
5.47
4.16
4.73
4.87
4.26
45.00
3.75
YR.TOT.
36.29
54.29
46.40
26.29
50.46
40.69
46.51
47.98
42.57
!
57.16
49.06
41. >.9
538.99
44.92
N)
-------
per week. After germination, the system can be scheduled
to supply up to 0.50" of water per day without damage to
vegetation, providing the spoil is capable of absorbing
this amount of water without becoming saturated. By so
stressing the system, the amount of total dissolved solids
entering the receiving stream could be significantly re-
duced or possibly eliminated depending on the volume of
water available for irrigation.
The Colonial mine, operated by the Pittsburg & Midway
Coal Mining Company, is located in Hopkins County,
Kentucky. Approximately 90% of the permit area has been
mined to date. With the exception of the existing pit
area, the spoil banks have been regraded to near original
permit conditions. Due to the dip of the coal and the
increasing amount of overburden which must be removed to
gain access to the coal seam, surface mining operations
will be discontinued in the near future and a deep mine
will be developed near the northeastern end of the present
pit area.
The area initially allocated for the demonstration site
consisted of approximately 60 acres near the northwest
portion of the present pit area (refer to Figures 9 and 10) .
Of the total area available, preliminary plans called
for a 30-acre plot to be used to demonstrate the effec-
tiveness of irrigation, while an additional 10-acre plot
was to be used as a control area in which surface prepara-
tion, pretreatment and planting would be identical to the
demonstration area.
Only four soil samples were taken at the Colonial mine site,
since it was evident that acidic materials were not a
serious problem. Three of the samples were taken from a
fairly fresh, rocky material that had a sparse stand of
sweet clover. One sample was taken from an area having a
good stand of fescue. The material on which the fescue was
growing was quite sandy and apparently had washed in from
the surrounding higher points. The fact that volunteer
vegetation was taking over the Colonial site indicates,
better than any other measure, the absence of acidic
materials on the surface.
The samples were returned to the laboratory and analyzed
as previously described. The results of the pH, electrical
conductivity, phosphorus and potassium tests are shown in
Table 19.
63
-------
'•
:
COLONIAL SURVEY PLAN- SHEET
FIGURE 9
-------
'
'
COLONIAL SURVEY PLAN .-SHEET 2
FIGURE 10
-------
The pH values for the Colonial mine samples are very satis-
factory except for sample 4. The value for sample 4 may be
caused by some surface acid runoff since the appearance of
the fescue grass was vigorous. Conductivities in all the
Colonial samples were low. The potassium level was very
high in samples 1 through 3, while sample 4 was marginal.
Potassium should be adequate for plant growth at this site.
Since phosphorus levels were very low, 200 Ibs . of
per acre would be required (425 Ibs. of 46% P2°$ per
acre) at the Colonial site. As previously mentioned,
nitrogen is generally low in all spoil material; therefore,
the Colonial site would also require approximately 100
Ibs. of nitrogen per acre (300 Ibs. of ammonium nitrate).
Planting would be in the late spring and would be assisted
by irrigation to assure germination and survival during
the sensitive seedling stage.
Water samples were collected and flow measurements were
made of the p_it influent and effluent drainage at regular
intervals throughout the course of this study. Water
samples were also collected of Pond Creek near its con-
fluence with the Colonial mine discharge and of the strip
mine impoundment which is fed by Pond Creek and the
Colonial mine discharge. The results of the analyses of
these samples can be seen in Tables 11 through 17. As
is evidenced by the quality of the effluent water near
its point of entry into the receiving stream (Sample
Location No. 5, Table 15), the discharge from the Colonial
mine site is within the Kentucky state discharge
regulations and does not appear to require any additional
treatment. While this appears to be contradictory to
the results of the preliminary analysis reported in
Table 2, it should be noted that the initial sampling
was done near the southern portion of the pit area (site
of the active operations at that time) and subsequent
sampling was done at the northern end of the pit. It
should also be pointed out that the actual quality of
the pit water at^ the point of discharge does not meet
Kentucky state discharge standards (refer to Tables
23 and 24) . If property limitations were such that this
discharge did not receive the benefit of settling afforded
by the extensive drainage system, this effluent water
would require treatment prior to its discharge into
any receiving stream.
66
-------
TABLE 23
COLONIAL PIT DISCHARGE
WATER ANALYSES TABULATION
SAMPLE LOCATION C-3
Flow ^Tgpm)
pH (electrometrically)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCOs)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO^)
(25°C)
Conductivity mmhos
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (504)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
9/8
7.6
228
8
3240
240
283
175
1486
2305
370
4.36
396C
219
3741
195
60
1.4
*
10/13
3800
7.6
380
12
3650
334
165
1513
2130
0.7
0.06
3727
12
3715
0.21
7.0
<0.1
1C
11/3
1200
7.7
398
12
3600
322
164
1477
1950
4.9
1.6
3599
55
3544
0.5
6.2
<0.1
*
11/9
7.7
374
10
3610
7.9
401
177
1079
2110
2.1
1.4
3738
5
3733
0.3
5.9
< 0.1
SMR-Rg-11
Wtr.Qual.
>6.0
< 9.0
5.0
<9.0
<1200 Ave.
<1600 Max.
< 750 Ave.
<1000 Max.
Max.
3800
7.7
398
12
3650
240
401
177
1513
2305
370
4.36
3960
219
3741
195
60
1.4
Mi n .
1200
7.6
228
10
3240
7.9
283
164
1079
1950
1
0.06
3599
5
3544
0.21
5.9
-------
TABLE 24
COLONIAL PIT DISCHARGE
WATER ANALYSES TABULATION
SAMPLE LOCATIONS C-3 & C-6
Flow (qpm)
pH (electrometrically)
M.O. Aklalinitv (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCOo)
Total Acidity (CaCOo)
Conductivity (25° Ommhos.
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO^)
Sulfate (SO^)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Aluminum (Al )
Manganese (Mn)
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
C-3
9/8
3800
7.6
228
_
8.0
3240
240
283
175
1486
2305
370
4.36
3960
219
3741
195
60
1.4
C-6
10/13
1080
6.8
92.4
_
27.2
4050
_
405
215
1896
2760
33
1.32
4482
54
4428
0.13
19
<0.1
11/30
Max.
824 3800
6.8
50.9
^ ^
28.4
4320
360
560
260
2466
3457
44
32.6
5589
112
5477
0.33
17
0.5
7.6
228
.
28.4
4320
360
560
260
2466
3457
370
32.6
5589
219
5477
195
60
1.4
Min.
824
6.8
50.9
«
8.0
3240
240
283
175
1486
2305
33
1.32
3960
54
3741
0.13
17
<0.1
Ave.
1901
7.1
123.7
_
21.2
3870
300
416
217
1949
2841
149
12.76
4677
128.3
4549
65.2
32
0.95
68
-------
However, on the basis of the water quality at the present
point of discharge, this effluent would not require
additional treatment. The alkaline nature of the final
effluent discharge, along with the alkaline condition of
the spoil material at the Colonial site, generally do
not lend themselves to a suitable demonstration of a
hydrated lime treatment scheme.
As previously mentioned, all spoil material is generally
low in nitrogen, which is required in rather large
amounts for plant growth. As an alternative to hydrated
lime neutralization followed by irrigation, it is
suggested that the Colonial site could be utilized to
demonstrate the benefits derived from irrigation supplemen-
ted with ammonium nitrate as opposed to straight irrigation,
A third plot (non-irrigated) could also be utilized to
verify the effectiveness of the two proposed test areas.
The survey work, weir structure design and preliminary
engineering necessary for the development of such a system
has been completed at the Colonial site. The required
irrigation water could be picked up at any point in the
present drainage system and could effectively reduce the
discharge of total dissolved solids into the receiving
stream while enhancing the growth oJ vegetative cover.
This treatment scheme has been suggested, but not re-
commended, as an alternative to abandonment of the Colonial
site .
Preliminary Design
Investigations were made at both the Colonial and Vogue
sites for the purpose of determining the moisture
holding and transmitting properties of the spoil material.
The results of these investigations are shown below.
Saturated Moisture
Hydraulic Holding
Conductivity Capacity
Site Sample Inches/Hour Inches/Foot
Vogue 1 .521 1.13
2 .142 1.35
3 .235 1.46
Colonial 1 .069 0.84
2 .295 1.83
3 .064 1.49
69
-------
From these figures an irrigation rate of about 0.20 inches
per hour was decided upon.
Several alternate methods of irrigation were considered
for each area. All are based on applying 1.5 inches of
water at each irrigation with a seven (7) day frequency
of irrigation. The systems have the ability of applying
0.6 inches at each irrigation with a frequency of three
(3) days. This lower application at three (3) day
intervals would be used during the germination and early
growth periods of the vegetation. It was assumed that the
vegetation during the summer would require about 0.25
inches of water per day.
Vogue Site
Four irrigation systems were considered for the Vogue site,
namely:
High Pressure Nozzle System (Solid Set)
Big Gun System
Furrow Irrigation (Hand Move)
Furrow Irrigation (Solid Set)
A hand moved high pressure nozzle system was not con-
sidered since very little pipe savings could be affected
with the long narrow site being irrigated.
High Pressure Nozzle System
Of the four systems considered, the high pressure nozzle
system appeared to best lend itself to the conditions
applicable at the Vogue site. It consists of one
lateral running the entire length of the site with
Rainbird 80 EW TNT sprinklers (or equivalent) spaced at
150 feet on the lateral. Each nozzle puts out 84 gpm
over a diameter of 220 feet. This sprinkler selection
kept the application rate low. Twelve sprinklers are
used at one time and are hand moved. The nozzles should
be set on an 18-inch riser and used in conjunction with
Webstermatic (or equivalent) quick connect fittings
allowing for rapid moving.
The time required for applying 1.5 inches of water is
7.5 hours for each setting. With 60 sprinkler locations,
5 days would be required to cover the fields. During
emergence 0.6 inches of water can be applied in 2-1/2
days operating only eight hours a day. A time clock
shut-off could be used to increase the operating time to
16 hours a day without increasing the operator time.
70
-------
The actual operator time required will be less than two
hours per day.
Big Gun System
This system is considered the best alternate to the high
pressure (solid set) system. It consists of the use of
two Rainbird 205 part circle water guns (or equivalent)
mounted on a trailer and an 8-inch main distribution line
running the length of the entire field. Tees would be
located at 200 foot intervals on the main for connecting
the water guns. The water guns would be moved with a
tractor or similar vehicle twice each day. Approximately
one hour would be required daily for moving the guns.
Other labor requirements are nil.
The possibility exists of getting the vehicle stuck in
the wet field before grass is firmly established. For
this reason self-propelled guns were considered; however,
these required the use of expensive 4-inch rubber hose.
Consultation with an equipment manufacturer revealed
that the probability of frequent puncture of the hose was
great on the rocky fields. Therefore, the self-propelled
system is not recommended. The possibility of getting
stuck while pulling the water guns is another reason
that this system was not recommended.
In order to keep the application rates below 0.2 inches
per hour, the guns would have to be cycled on and off on
a 15-minute cycle. This requires the use of a timer and
motor operated valve arrangement such that surges are
prevented. The On-Off cycles are not as desirable as
continuous operation.
Operator time for this system is less than one hour per
day.
Furrow Irrigation (Hand Move)
This system is the second alternate to the high pressure
nozzle solid set system. It involves the use of a 5-inch
distribution line running the length of the fields,
fourteen 5-inch gated pipe lateral lines for distributing
water to the furrows and 6-inch by 12-inch furrows
spaced 40 inches plowed on the contour. Deeper furrows
would cause excessive ponding problems during rainfall
periods. A valve located at the lateral would reduce the
71
-------
pressure from the mainline to the lateral lines. The
laterals can be hand moved to keep the cost down.
This furrow size provides for an average application of
0.6 inches each flooding. With the expected evaporation
rate for that area of 0.2 to 0.3 inches per day, the field
must be covered at least every three days. Operating
eight hours per day, this requires 24 furrows to be
irrigated at one time. Approximately 1,400 furrows would be
needed.
One operator cannot watch 24 furrows at one time while
moving laterals and prevent the furrow from overtopping;
thus, two full-time operators would be required. Electric
valving could be installed to automatically shut the gates
on the pipe; however, the apparatus to do the job is
still in the experimental stage and is not commercially
available.
The installation of the system would require considerable
surveying time. -In order to adequately irrigate the areas,
it is imperative that the furrows be exactly on the
contour. As a minimum, every fourth furrow should be
.staked with stakes spaced 20 feet along the furrow. The
furrows can be constructed with a conventional grader
with the blade set at an angle. This is considerably more
rugged than conventional agricultural plows.
The problems of ponding of water in the level furrows
during periods of excessive rainfall will cause difficulty
in obtaining vegetation in the furrow bottoms and will
present a mosquito problem. Because of this ponding
problem, the high labor costs during operation and the
high equipment and installation cost, this system was not
recommended.
Furrow irrigation is normally cheaper than sprinkler
irrigation; however, the rows used with furrow irrigation
are normally longer than 2,000 feet, whereas the row
lengths in these sites range from 50 feet to 400 feet.
This requires a large number of distribution lines which
increase the costs. The variable slopes require a high
installation cost compared to a flatter terrain.
Furrow Irrigation (Solid Set)
This system is the same as the hand move system, except
that enough gated pipe is purchased to permanently set
72
-------
all laterals rather than hand move laterals. This reduces
the labor required. At least one full-time operator would
still be required.
This system is not recommended due to the high costs and
the ponding problem.
Colonial Site
Three irrigation systems were considered for this location,
namely:
High Pressure Nozzles (Solid Set)
Big Gun System
High Pressure Nozzles (Hand Move)
Again, the high pressure nozzle system best lends itself
to the conditions applicable at the Colonial site.
High Pressure Nozzles (Solid Set)
This system has a low labor requirement. It requires
that 19 sprinklers be snapped out of the laterals and
moved to a new position each day. One man could easily
accomplish this in less than an hour. The sprinklers
recommended in this system are Rainbird 80 EW TNT with
9/16-inch nozzles. These sprinklers put out 84 gpm on a
220 foot diameter circle. The system consists of a main
running across the middle of the area with laterals off
each site of the main line. The sprinklers are spaced
on a 150 foot x 150 foot triangular pattern.
This system must be operated about 5.5 hours per day for
6 days to cover the entire area (based on irrigation of
the total allotted area - 60 acres). With one hour per
day allowed to move the sprinklers, 39 hours per week are
required. During germination and early growth of the
vegetation, the system would be operated on a 3-day
frequency or less by applying less water at each irriga-
tion.
Big Gun System
This system has a low labor requirement. It requires that
10 trailer-mounted guns be moved each day. The guns re-
commended are Rainbow 205 part circle rain guns with
73
-------
1-3/8-inch ring orifices. These guns put out 382 gpm
on a 410 foot diameter circle. The guns would be set
every 180 feet along the laterals. The laterals would be
spaced at 220 foot intervals across the area. Six
laterals would be required.
Because of the high discharge of these guns, they would
have to be cycled to operate only one-half of the time.
Thus, five guns would be operating at all times. A
15-minute cycle controlled by an electric timer and motor
operated valve are recommended.
Part circle sprinklers are required so that the trailer-
mounted nozzles can be moved without operating the moving
vehicle on recently irrigated ground.
With this system operating as described above, about
10.5 hours are required to get 1.5 inches of water on at
0.19 inches per hour. This would make it necessary to
have a time clock on the pump to shut it down so that a
man would not be required to be on the site for the
entire 10.5 hours.
There are about 60 gun locations requiring six days to
cover the entire area. The frequency of coverage can be
decreased to three days or less by applying less water.
This would be desirable during germination and early
growth of the vegetation.
High Pressure Nozzles (Hand Move)
This system is similar to the high pressure nozzle solid
set system, except in addition to moving the sprinklers
the lateral pipe also must be moved. This would require
considerably more labor but would greatly reduce the cost
of the system. The application rates and times would be
the same as for the high pressure nozzle solid set system.
The time required to move the system would be approximately
8.5 man-hours. This would have to be accomplished daily.
Surveillance Facilities
An important part of the demonstration project is the
documentation of the effectiveness of the control
measures being demonstrated. In the proposed project,
74
-------
measurement of the quality and quantity of the drainage
from the pit area and the chemistry of the spoil would
show both the effect of discharge of treated effluent
to the stream and the effect of discharge to the irrigation
system on the spoil area. In the latter case, runoff from
the irrigated and non-irrigated areas should be intercepted
before entering a stream course and the quality and quantity
monitored. This would provide for a correlation of the
effects of rapid establishment of vegetative cover with
respect to sparsely vegetated spoil banks.
After the land is formed for irrigation, a specific number
of selected, marked sites should be established as sample
locations. These should be sampled prior to liming and
fertilizing and after the application of lime and
fertilizer. Subsequently, they should be sampled
periodically to determine the effect of the treated
irrigation water on the soil properties. In addition,
observations on plant growth at each sampling site should
be made in an effort to correlate the vegetative growth
with the soil chemical characteristics.
The locations of the proposed stream monitor stations at
the Vogue mine site are indicated in Figure 6. The
monitor equipment for each station would be housed in a
weatherproof enclosure which will be mounted above a
stilling well located just upstream from the weir
structure. A typical stream weir structure and monitor
station is illustrated in Figure 11. The design for the
monitor station is illustrated in Figure 12, General
Arrangement, and Figure 13, Schematic Diagram.
Each monitor station would continuously record conductivity,
pH and flow. Since continuous measurement of all para-
meters of interest would not be practical, measurement of the
foregoing would, when correlated with spot sampling and
laboratory analysis, allow reasonable estimates of the re-
maining parameters during the interval between samples.
Samples should be taken on a monthly basis at each of the
indicated stations for laboratory analysis for items such
as pH, iron, sulfate, turbidity, chloride, calcium,
magnesium, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved solids, suspended
solids, settleable solids, manganese, conductivity and
aluminum. The monitoring program should begin following
the Feasibility Study and continue for the duration of the
demonstration project (approximately two years) .
75
-------
-
VIEW LOOKING UPSTREAM
VIEW AT OPERATOR STATION
TYPICAL WEIR STRUCTURE AND MONITOR STATION
FIGURE 11
-------
;
V.
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7
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© B» r' t n-
INVEHIER
IATTEN1 *' " •''
1 i'in BuTiOH iAlTtftr POi
'
•
• • . •:*! ti ..
MONITOR STATION- GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
FIGURE 12
-------
25
26
27
28
!9
X
31
32
33
35
36
17
38 i
K
to
41
43
44
45
'" » L
pM » COMOUt miTV BKORDER^
MOt P{M NO2
.. «_£
- TFUM&HltTEf V_?
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TMC«IK>SI»T
-------
In addition to the foregoing stream monitoring stations,
a similar station should be located on the discharge of the
treatment facility.
Monitor stations would operate from a primary 120 volt AC
source. In the event of a power failure of this primary
system, a standby battery power source would be auto-
matically energized. This battery circuit has provisions
for testing during routine service inspections.
The battery circuit will function without interruption and
the operation of monitoring instrumentation would not
be adversely affected. In order to eliminate excessive
drain on the battery, the heat lamp and strip heater
would not operate on the battery circuit. The battery
has the capability of powering the instruments continuously
for a period of approximately 20 hours. In the event data
recording would be acceptable on a cycled sequence, 2
minutes every 15 minutes, the battery would have the
capability of providing power for a period of approximately
6 days. When this circuit is operating from the primary
source, the battery charger will charge the battery to
its full capacity and then shut off automatically.
When the primary power is restored, the power and control
functions are automatically switched back to this source.
The specifications developed for the enclosure fabrica-
tions, station assembly, station installation and weir
structure construction are included in the Appendices of
this report.
Schedule of Design and Construction
The project schedule requires that the engineering phase
to be completed and approved prior to the initiation of
any construction activities.
A schedule identifying the procurement and construction
tasks has been developed and is illustrated in Figures
14 and 15.
79
-------
FIGURE 14
PROCUREMENT & CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
VOGUE MINE SITE
Demonstration Area
Survey & Stake Area
Soil Samples & Analyses
Area Plot Plan
Regrading Specification
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Regrading
Fertilization & Planting Spec.
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Fertilize
Plant
Treating Facility
Equipment Specifications
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Equipment Delivery
Installation Specification
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Installation - Treating Fac.
Start-up & Test
AUG
LMMHI
•••
SEP
mmm
—
L972
OCT
L—
_
NOV
—
1
DEC
,
JAN
mmmm
FEE
mmmm
•MM
•••••
mmmm
••
••••
MAR
••
mm
mm
mm
19"
APR
mmm
mmmm
mmmm
n
MAY
mm
JUN
JUL
oo
o
-------
FIGURE 15
ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT & CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
VOGUE MINE SITE
Irrigation System
Equipment Specifications
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Equipment Delivery
Installation Specification
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Installation - Irrigation Sys .
Start-up & Test
Stream Monitor Stations
Installation Specification
Request for Proposal
Bid Evaluation & P.O.
Installation
Start-up & Test
AUG
mmmmm
mmmm
•••
SEP
mmmm
mm
mm
1912
OCT
mmmm
mmmm
mm
mm
NOV
••
••
••
••
mm
••
DEC
••
mm
JAN
FEE
MAR
19"
APR
73
MAY
••
••
mm
JUN
JUL
CO
-------
The schedule for the remaining phases of the Grant, in-
cluding the reporting schedule is shown in Figure 16.
Collecting and Evaluating Data
The instrumentation required to effectively record the
parameters that will document the effectiveness of the
control measures proposed in this study are discussed in
the Section "Surveillance Facilities" and illustrated
in Figures 2 and 8. These are:
Stream Monitor Stations 2
Groundwater Monitor Stations 2
Effluent Monitor Station 1
Irrigation Monitor Station 1
Neutralization Monitor Station .... 1
In order to maintain a continuous flow of information
pertinent to the project, the data handling system as
identified in Figure 17 should be initiated as each unit
goes "on line".
Emergency Provisions for Failure of
Project Facilities
The treatment plant should be so designed that it may
operate unmanned during those periods when conditions
may require extended or continuous operation. A pH
controller would be installed at the effluent line from
the mixing tank. In the event of inadequate neutraliza-
tion or equipment malfunction, the pumping and treatment
plant facilities would automatically shut off to insure
against the discharge of inadequately treated water.
Capital and Operating Costs
As previously discussed, no acquisition costs will be in-
volved for the purchase of land, minerals or water rights.
The use of the demonstration area has been donated by the
Peabody Coal Company to the Commonwealth of Kentucky for
the duration of the project.
A cost estimate has been prepared for each of the elements
of the demonstration facility and are summarized as
follows:
82
-------
FIGURE 16
PROJECT SCHEDULE AND MILESTONES
CO
U)
Year
Phase/Quarter
I. Fcas. Study
II. Engineering
III. Construction
IV. Operating
V. Monitoring
VI. Adm. & Rpts .
1971
3
H
4
•••
1972
1
••
2
mmm
3
mmm
4
1973
1
2
•••
3
4
1974
1
2
3__^
4
1975
2
3
4
A A A A
A
Feasibility Report
Engineering Report, Construction
Report & First Year Report 1
Operating Report 1
Second Year Report 2
Operating Report 2
Operating Report 3
Final Report
-------
FIGURE 17
DATA HANDLING - TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
TASK
Collect all Strip Charts
Read Strip Charts & Record on
Tabular Format
Transmit Data to Frankfort Office 1
Collect Stream Samples
Collect Irrigation Samples
Collect Effluent Samples
Collect Groundwater Samples
Transmit Samples for Analyses
Water Analyses
Transmit Analyses Report to
Frankfort Office
Prepare Graphical Presentation
& Computer Input Forms
Prepare Monthly Report & Transmit
Data to EPA, Cincinnati
RESPONSIBILITY
OPER DR-M DR-F
* \
x
•• x 1
X
X
X
~x"" " "
w
; x
t
X
FREQUENCY
CWR AS RF.p'D WEEK MONTH
^ x ;
;
x H .
x i.
x __
X ;
X © x "1
X ;
X
X X
X X ';
X X i
1 X
00
Weekly, until facility reaches a steady state condition.
OPER = Plant Operator
DR-M = Division of Reclamation, Madisonville
DR-F = Division of Reclamation, Frankfort
CWR = Cyrus Win. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
-------
Neutralization Facility
Floating Transfer Pump $ 18,796
Storage Bin, Feeder & Mixing Tank 31,915
Aeration Pond & Aerator 4,230
Settling Lagoon & Drainways 15,988
Effluent Monitor Station 5,250
Subtotal $ 76,179
Irrigation System
Floating Transfer Pump $ 15,394
Stationary Booster Pump 5,269
Irrigation Pipe & Fittings 13,110
Irrigation Monitor 4,350
Groundwater Collection Ditch 1,330
Groundwater Monitors (2) 9,500
Subtotal $ 48,953
Diesel Power Plant & Control Trailer $ 22,717
Site Preparation & Revegetation 8,188
Soil Samples 960
Engineering 31,364
Subtotal $ 63,229
Stream Monitor Stations (2) $ 14,600
TOTAL $202,961
The costs to operate the demonstration facility for 24
months are estimated to be as follows:
System Operator Salary $ 21,840
System Maintenance & Repair 13,120
Monitor Station Parts & Supplies 1,000
Limestone 31,200
Diesel Fuel 13,072
Water Sample Analyses 12,030
Subtotal $ 92,262
Data Handling $ 15,102
TOTAL $107,364
85
-------
SECTION VII
IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATING PLAN
The Kentucky Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Reclamation, would have full authority and responsibility
for the demonstration program. This agency would provide
for routine servicing for all recording instruments,
maintenance of stream gauging stations and weir struc-
tures, and periodic collection of water samples from
treatment plant effluents, stream monitor stations, and
irrigation test plot runoffs.
The procurement and construction schedules to be
implemented during Phase II and Phase III of this
project are illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. The complete
project schedule and milestones are shown in Figure 16.
The construction of the facilities at the Vogue site would
extend over a period of three months. Construction bids
should be obtained, evaluated and contracts awarded during
Phase III. Bids would be based on standard uniform speci-
fications. Contracts should be awarded to the lowest
responsible bidder taking into consideration the qualities
of the articles to be supplied, their conformity with the
specifications, their suitability to the requirements of
the Federal Government and the delivery terms. Cyrus Win.
Rice Division - NUS Corporation personnel would provide
construction supervision to assist the Division of
Reclamation.
The proposed report schedule is shown in Figure 16. The
reports would be prepared by Cyrus Win. Rice Division -
NUS Corporation personnel in cooperation with the Division
of Reclamation.
Operation of the treatment plant/irrigation system should
extend over a two-year period. The facility would be
designed to operate on a three shift per day, five day
per week basis; the first shift to be operator atten-
ded, while the second and third shift, if required, would
be by automatic operation. One full-time shift operator
would be responsible for the system operation. Division
of Reclamation personnel would be responsible for overall
operational supervision of the facility with assistance
provided by Cyrus Win. Rice Division - NUS Corporation.
87
-------
A detailed listing of tasks and responsibilities for the
neutralization system, irrigation system and monitor
stations is illustrated in Figures 18, 19 and 20.
88
-------
FIGURE 18
NEUTRALIZATION SYSTEM OPERATION
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TASK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Operating & Maintenance Manual
Operator Instruction
System Start-up
Maintain System Operation
Check & inspect all mechanical
and electrical equipment
Check & inspect all mechanical
and electrical equipment
Check & inspect all mechanical
and electrical equipment
Record Limestone Usage
Reorder Limestone
Record Diesel Oil Usage
Reorder Diesel Oil
Equipment Maintenance
RESPONSIBILITY
OPER
DR-M 'DR-F
CWR
X
I X
X X i X
X j
1
i X
! X ;
X | i
"\f
, „ A™.,^ , ., „ J
i
"V
X ;
X
X
.
- -
1
FREQUENCY
AS REQ'D'HOUR
X
•y
X
x
i
x j
1
1
V i
x
DAY
WEEK
X
X
, X
X
•
i
MONTH
X
i
- .1
j
CO
OPER = Plant Operator
DR-M = Division of Reclamation, Madisonville
DR-F = Division of Reclamation, Frankfort
CWR = Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
-------
FIGURE 19
IRRIGATION SYSTEM OPERATION
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TASK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
Operator Instruction
System Start-up
Irrigation Schedule
Set Sprinklers per Schedule
Start Irrigation Pumps
Check Monitoring Instruments
Operating Check of Irrigation
Pumps & System
Check and Inspect System
Equipment Maintenance
RESPONSIBILITY
OPER
X
X
X
X
DR-M
X
DR-F
X
CWR
X
X
X
X
X
FREQUENCY
AS REQ'D
X
X
X
X
X
HOUR
X
DAY
X
X
X
WEEK
MONTH
X
vo
o
OPER = Plant Operator
DR-M = Division of Reclamation, Madisonville
DR-F = Division of Reclamation, Frankfort
CWR = Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
-------
FIGURE 20
MONITOR STATIONS
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
TASK
Operation & Maintenance Manual
Operator Instruction
Unit Start-up
Check & Inspect all Stations
Check & Inspect all Stations
Check & Inspect Stream Stations
Check & Inspect Effluent Station
Check & Inspect Groundwater
Stations
Check & Inspect Rain Gauge
RESPONSIBILITY
OPER'DR-M DR-F CWR
•y
X
X
X X
y
X : 1
X
X
FREQUENCY
AS REQ'D'DAY WEEK MONTH
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
. X !
: x
OPER = Plant Operator
DR-M = Division of Reclamation, Madisonville
DR-F = Division of Reclamation, Frankfort
CWR = Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
-------
SECTION VIII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The advice and guidance of Messrs. Robert E. Nickel, David
Kirtz, C. C. McCall and Calvin Crabtree of the Kentucky
Department of Natural Resources is sincerely appreciated.
Messrs. Herb Fox, Robert Harris, Lee Kelce, James Sandusky,
Jim Turner and Howard Williams of the Peabody Coal Company,
and Messrs. Carl Sainato, Clifford Rice, James Calhoun and
Rupert Kington of the Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining
Company supplied valuable data and technical support
during the investigative portion of this study.
Drs. G. W. Thomas, B. J. BarfieId and C. T. Haan of the
University of Kentucky served as special consultants
during the preliminary planning and design of the proposed
irrigation systems.
Mr. R. R. Johnson, P.E., Madisonville, Kentucky, served as
consultant and provided local surveying and design require-
ments .
The support of the project by the Office of Research and
Monitoring of the Environmental Protection Agency and the
help provided by Mr. Ronald D. Hill, the Project Officer,
Mr. Elmore C. Grim, Strip Mine Specialist, and Mr. Ernst P.
Hall, Chief of the Pollution Control Analysis Branch, is
acknowledged with sincere thanks.
The principal investigators on this study were Mr. Frank
J. Zaval, Project Engineer, and Mr. John D. Robins,
Technical Associate, of the Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS
Corporation.
93
-------
SECTION IX
REFERENCES
1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants_-
Kentucky, PC (1) -A19 Ky., A United States Department of
Commerce Publication, Bureau of the Census, Issued July,
1971.
1960 Census of Population; Volume 1^ -^Characteristics of
the Population^Part 19~ Kentucky', I~ssuecT by United States
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C., 1963.
Schwab, G. O., Frevert, R. K., Edminster, T. W., Barnes,
K. K., Soil and Water^ Conservation Engineering, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc. 7 New York, 196(T.
Wilmoth, R. C., Hill, R. D., Neutralization of High Ferric
Iron Acid Mine Drainage, Water Pollution Control Research
Series, 14010 ETV, 1970.
95
-------
SECTION X
GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
1. Emergence: In reference to plant growth, the period
from the germination of the seed until the seedling
develops a root system and stands about an inch or so
in height.
2. Evaporation: The process by which moisture is returned
to the air from a liquid to a gaseous state.
3. Evapo-Transpiration: Loss of water from the soil both
by evaporation and by transpiration through the plants
growing thereon.
4. Germination: To sprout or develop, to begin to grow,
to come into being.
5. Highwall: The unexcavated face of exposed overburden
and coal or ore in an area mine or the face or bank
on the uphill side of a contour strip mine excavation.
6. Moisture holding capacity: The amount of water a soil
can hold that is readily available for use by plants.
7. Orphan area: Lands which were surface mined but not
reclaimed; usually refers to pre-law mined areas.
8. Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsoli-
dated, that overlies a deposit of useful materials,
ores or coal.
9. Pre-law area: Lands surface mined before enactment
of the 1966 Surface Mining Laws and Regulations.
10. Reclamation: The reconditioning of the area of land
affected by strip mining under a plan approved by
the Division of Reclamation.
11. Saturated hydraulic conductivity: The readiness with
which a saturated material transmits water.
97
-------
12. Spoil: The overburden or non-ore material removed in
gaining access to the ore or mineral material in
surface mining.
13. Transpiration: The process by which water as water
vapor is transferred into the atmosphere through the
tissues of living plants.
14. Volunteer vegetation: Any vegetal growth that appears
that was not artificially seeded.
98
-------
SECTION XI
APPENDICES
99
-------
DRAWINGS
DRAWING
NO.
TITLE
6218-2A1
6218-2A2
6218-2A3
6218-2A4
6218-4A1
6218-4A2
6218-4A3
6218-4A4
6218-5A1
6218-5A2
6218-5A3
6218-6A1
6218-2A20
6218-2A21
6218-4A20
6218-4A21
Monitor Station General Arrangement
Monitor Station Enclosure Details
Vogue Survey Plan - Sheet 1
Vogue Survey Plan - Sheet 2
Monitor Station V-l, Weir Arrangement &
Details
Monitor Station V-2, Weir Arrangement &
Details
Monitor Station V-3, Weir Arrangement &
Details
Floating Pump Platform
Vogue Mine Flow Diagram
Vogue Mine Plot Plan - Sheet 1
Vogue Mine Plot Plan - Sheet 2
Monitor Station Schematic & Intercon-
nection Diagram
Colonial Survey Plan - Sheet 1
Colonial Survey Plan - Sheet 2
Monitor Station C-l, Weir Arrangement
& Details
Monitor Station C-2, Weir Arrangement
& Details
100
-------
DRAWINGS (Cont'd)
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
6218-5A21 Colonial Mine, Plot Plan - Sheet 1
6218-5A22 Colonial Mine, Plot Plan - Sheet 2
101
-------
FABRICATION SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
MONITOR STATION ENCLOSURE
1.0 Scope of Work
1.1 This specification defines the work to be per-
formed by the Contractor in the fabrication of
a monitor station enclosure, utilized in the
manufacture of an assembly which can be in-
stalled on a prepared support foundation to
continuously monitor water quality character-
istics of a flowing stream. The work shall be
performed in accordance with both the specifi-
cation and referenced construction drawing.
1.2 The Contractor shall furnish all labor,
materials, tools, supplies, supervision, equip-
ment and place of business required to fabri-
cate a monitor station enclosure in accordance
witji this specification and the construction
drawing.
1.3 This specification is written on the basis of
fabricating one (1) monitor station enclosure.
If by virtue of choice the Purchaser expresses
the desire to purchase a multiple quantity of
same, each enclosure contracted for shall be
built in accordance with these specifications,
unless otherwise designated by written instruc-
tions from the Purchaser's authorized repre-
sentative.
1.4 It is obligatory upon the Contractor to confirm
with the Purchaser, before proceeding with
fabrication, the quantity of enclosures to be
provided. This shall be considered corrobora--
tion of the contract requirements.
2.0 General Requirements
2.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for verify-
ing the dimensional accuracy of the fabrication
details given on the construction drawing before
undertaking the fabrication of the enclosure.
Such verification shall include agreement with
102
-------
cumulative dimensions, indicated means of fabri-
cation, proper fit of the assembled parts, and
the quantity, size and material of the various
parts.
2.2 Any discrepancies which may result because of
the foregoing review shall be called to the
attention of the Purchaser's authorized repre-
sentative, by the Contractor, before proceeding
with the work. Corrections shall be made for
same before fabrication commences.
3.0 Construction Drawings
3.1 The fabrication of the monitor station enclosure
shall be in accordance with the following con-
struction drawing:
6218-2A2 Monitor Station Enclosure Details
4.0 Materials
4.1 Structural steel and plate utilized in the
fabrication of the monitor station enclosure
shall conform to the "Standard Specifications
for Structural Steel" ASTM Designation A-36,
as amended to date.
4.2 All steel plate for fabrication of the enclosure
shall be 1/4" thick, unless otherwise specifi-
cally noted on the construction drawing.
4.3 Standard equal leg angles 1-1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/4"
shall be used throughout for supports for
equipment mounting plates.
4.4 All metal shall be free of defects impairing
strength, durability or appearance, of the best
commercial quality for the purpose used, have
structural properties sufficient to withstand
the strains and stresses to which subjected and
true to detail, having clean, straight, sharply
defined profiles and smooth finished surfaces.
5.0 Workmanship
5.1 Workmanship shall be in accordance with the best
standard practice of the trade and performed by
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mechanics skilled in the type of work required.
The work shall be fitted and shop assembled,
with all joints and intersections accurately
made, tightly fitted and made in true planes.
5.2 Defective workmanship in the shop will not be
accepted; and replacement of same to satisfy
contract requirements will be at the expense
of the Contractor.
5.3 Material incorrectly fabricated which neces-
sitates extra field work shall be the respon-
sibility of the Contractor, who shall bear the
entire cost of the correction of shop errors
and replacement of material including engineer-
ing costs.
6.0 Fabrication
6.1 Except as otherwise specified, the structural
steel and plate pieces of the enclosure shall
be Welded in place throughout. Welds shall
be 1/8" fillets, unless otherwise noted, and
shall be performed in accordance with the weld
symbols noted.
6.2 Welds shall be continuous along the adjoining
edges and/or surfaces of mating parts of the
monitor station enclosure.
6.3 Surfaces to be welded shall be free of dirt,
grease, burrs, loose scale, paint and foreign
matter. Welds shall be brushed with wire
brushes upon deposition, and shall exhibit
uniform section, smoothness of weld metal,
feather edges without undercuts or overlays,
and freedom from porosity and clinkers.
6.4 In assembling and during welding, the component
parts of the assembly being joined shall be
held in place by sufficient clamps or other
adequate means to keep the parts straight, in
close contact, and properly aligned.
6.5 Any welds or parts of welds found to be defec-
tive shall be cut with a chisel and replaced
with proper workmanship.
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6.6 Welds that will be exposed to view upon ultimate
installation of the monitor station enclosure
shall be ground smooth.
7.0 Painting
7.1 The Contractor shall paint all surfaces of the
enclosure upon completion of fabrication.
However, painting shall not begin until the
surfaces have been inspected, cleaned and are
in proper condition to receive the paint
specified.
7.2 In preparing surfaces for painting, the Contrac-
tor shall be sure that the surfaces are free of
grease, dirt, rust and scale. Where a heavy
coating of scale may exist, it shall be removed
by descaling or wire brushing as necessary.
7.3 The enclosure shall be given the following
number and type of coats of paint:
Primer - one (1) coat of red lead-oxide primer
(Mobil Chemical Company primer 13-R-54,
red, or approved equal).
Finish - two (2) coats of enamel paint (Mobil
Chemical Company M & F enamel 20-G-12,
cypress green, or approved equal).
7.4 Each coat of paint shall be uniform and of the
approved color(s). It shall completely cover,
be smooth and free from runs, sags, clogging
or excessive flooding. Sufficient time shall
be allowed between coats of paint for thorough
drying and the enclosure surface will be cleaned
and properly prepared before each additional
coat is applied.
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ASSEMBLY SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
MONITOR STATION
1.0 Scope of Work
1.1 This specification defines the work to be per-
formed by the Contractor in the assembly of a
stream monitoring station which shall ultimately
be installed on a prepared support foundation
to continuously monitor water quality charac-
teristics of a flowing stream. The work shall
be performed in accordance with both the
specification and referenced construction
drawings.
1.2 The Contractor shall furnish all labor,
materials, tools, supplies, supervision, equip-
ment and place of business required to assemble
a stream monitoring station in accordance with
this specification and the construction drawings.
1.3 this specification is written on the basis of
fabricating one (1) monitor station assembly.
If by virtue of choice the Purchaser expresses
the desire to purchase a multiple quantity of
same, each enclosure contracted for shall be
assembled in accordance with these specifica-
tions, unless otherwise designated by written
instructions from the Purchaser's authorized
representative.
1.4 It is obligatory upon the Contractor to confirm
with the Purchaser, before proceeding with
fabrication, the quantity of monitor assemblies
to be provided. This shall be considered
corroboration of the contract requirements and
serve as the basis from which additional charges
for modifications and/or additional units may be
made.
1.5 Each unit provided in accordance with these
specifications and the referenced construction
drawings shall be considered complete upon:
1.5.1 Assembly of all component parts as desig-
nated within the specifications and
drawings.
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1.5.2-; Performance of point to point wiring of
component instruments in accordance with
the assembly's schematic and interconnec-
tion diagram.
1.5.3 " Refinishing of all painted surface areas
of assembly enclosure which may have
become damaged during assembly to restore
same to original finished condition.
1.5.4 Replacement of all damaged components of
the assembly which may have been damaged
during assembly.
1.5.5 Testing of the circuitry of the unit to
establish that it is workable and
functional in accordance with the unit's
schematic and interconnection diagrams.
2.0 General Requirements
2.1 The Purchaser's authorized representative shall
provide the Contractor with a blank enclosure
and several of the components for the assembly
of each monitor station. These items are identi-
fied by an asterisk (*) adjacent to their item
number in the Bill of Material on construction
drawing 6218-6A1, and are designated as "items
supplied by Purchaser". Receipt of the fore-
going by the Contractor will permit him to carry
out the terms of the contractual agreement for
the supply of the assemblies designated.
2.2 The Contractor shall complete the assembly of
the unit utilizing the component parts as de-
fined by manufacturer and model number in the
Bill of Material on the construction drawings.
No replacements for the items listed will_be
accepted, unless specifically designated in
writing as a replacement by the Purchaser's
authorized representative. Substitute items,
initiated bv the Contractor, must receive
written approval of the Purchaser's authorized
representative as an "approved equal" before
proceeding with assembly and any changes in^
mounting holes or arrangement and wiring which
are thereby necessitated.
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2.3 The Contractor shall be responsible for verify-
ing the location and size of mounting holes in
the enclosure for mounting the component parts.
If it is found that variances exist between the
mounting holes provided and the equipment
mounts, the Contractor shall notify the Pur-
chaser's authorized representative of same before
proceeding. Upon approval to proceed from the
Purchaser's representative, the Contractor shall
modify the enclosure to suit and mark a set of
construction drawings with the "as built" condi-
tions. Upon completion of the assembly, the "as
built" drawings will become the property of the
Purchaser.
.0 Construction Drawings
3.1 The assembly of the monitor station shall be in
accordance with the following construction
drawings:
6218-2A1 Monitor Station General Arrangement
6218-2A2 Monitor Station Enclosure Details
6218-6A1 Monitor Station Schematic Diagram,
Interconnection Diagram and Bill of
Material
LO Workmanship
4.1 Workmanship shall be in accordance with the best
standard practice of the trade involved and
performed by mechanics skilled in the type of
work required. The work shall be shop assem-
bled with all component items securely fastened
to the enclosure housing.
4.2 Defective workmanship in the shop of the assembly
will not be accepted; and replacement of same to
satisfy contract requirements will be at the
expense of the Contractor.
4.3 Component items, improperly mounted or incor-
rectly wired, which necessitate extra field
work shall be the responsibility of the Contrac-
tor, who shall bear the entire cost of the
correction of shop errors and replacement of
material, including engineering costs.
108
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5.0 Assembly
5.1 The Contractor shall apply a 1/4" thick layer of
insulating material to all the inside surfaces
of the monitor station enclosure provided. The
insulating material selected by the Contractor
shall be an insulating board or material made
from fiberglass, mineral wool, cork or some
other material with a low thermal conductivity.
It shall serve to minimally protect monitor
station instrumentation from the severity of
temperature fluctuations with the weather
conditions where the unit may be installed and
retain heat generated by the unit strip heater
during cold weather.
5.2 The Contractor shall install and secure in
place, within the enclosure provided, all the
equipment listed on the construction drawing
Bill of Material. The equipment shall be located
in accordance with the construction drawings.
Equipment shall be secured with fasteners to
suit.
5.3 With all component equipment mounted in place,
the Contractor shall wire the equipment, point
to point, in accordance with the interconnec-
tion wiring diagram and schematic diagram on
the construction drawings.
5.4 The Contractor shall test the wiring installed
for short circuits, grounds and successful
operation in accordance with the intent of the
wiring diagrams. Where corrections must be
made due to improper connections, the Contrac-
tor shall make such corrections at his expense.
Where improper circuitry according to the
drawings is established, the Contractor can
negotiate for additional remuneration to cover
the cost of performing same and shall mark
prints of the "as built" condition, which
become the property of the Purchaser.
6.0 Painting
6.1 Where exterior painted surfaces of the enclosure
may have been damaged in the process of assem-
bling the monitor station, the Contractor shall
109
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repaint the damaged areas to restore the
finished surface(s) to their original state.
6.2 In preparing surfaces for painting, the Con-
tractor shall be sure that surfaces are free
of all grease, dirt, rust and scale.
6.3 As necessary, primer and/or finish coats shall
be applied to the damaged areas. Paint
applied shall match the color and coats
originally specified. Paint originally applied
to the surfaces was in accordance with the
following, unless revised in the contract for
fabrication of the unit or per selection of
approved equal:
Primer - one (1) coat of red lead-oxide primer
(Mobil Chemical Company primer
13-R-54 red)
Finish - two (2) coats of enamel paint (Mobil
Chemical Company M & F enamel 20-G-12
cypress green)
The purchaser's authorized representative shall
be contacted to determine the applicable
paint selections if the finished unit is dif-
ferent in appearance than the foregoing.
7.0 Wiring
7.1 All work, materials and manner of placing
material associated with the interconnecting
wiring of the monitor station shall be performed
in accordance with the latest requirements of
the National Electric Code.
7.2 All electrical materials furnished as a part of
the work shall be approved by the Underwriters
Laboratories, Inc., and shall bear their label
of approval.
7.3 All 120 VAC power wiring and grounds shall be
single conductor, soft drawn, #12 AWG copper
wire with 600 volt insulation, type RHW.
7.4 All low-voltage power and signal circuit wiring
shall be single conductor, soft drawn, #16 AWG
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copper wire with Type RHW (rubber) or Type THW
(thermoplastic) insulation.
7.5 All power wiring shall be physically separated
from signal wiring within the monitor station
enclosure.
7.6 Wiring within the enclosure shall be neat and
orderly and, where possible, shall be bound into
wiring harnesses with standard harness ties.
7.7 The ends of each interconnecting wire shall be
tagged with appropriate wire markers carrying
the wire numbers designated on the wiring
drawing.
7.8 All wires and/or harnesses shall be held in
place within the enclosure by appropriate
hangers, clips, etc.
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INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
MONITOR STATION
1.0 Scope of Work
1.1 This specification defines the work to be per-
formed by the Contractor in the field installa-
tion of two stream monitoring stations in
Muhlenberg County, Kentucky.
1.2 The Contractor shall furnish all labor,
materials, tools, supplies, supervision and
equipment required to secure a monitor station
assembly to an existing support structure at
each installation site designated by the Pur-
chaser. Installation shall also include the
performance of all required wiring connections
to the monitor station from the source of power
at the site.
2.0 General Requirements and Provisions
2.1 The Contractor is expected to visit each in-
stallation site to ascertain to his own
satisfaction the means of access to the site,
the type of support structure existing, and
the stream conditions under which installation
shall be made.
2.2 During installation, stream flow at the site
shall not be impaired by the activities of the
Contractor.
2.3 The Purchaser shall provide the Contractor
with one (1) monitor station assembly for
installation at each designated installation
site. The Contractor shall be responsible
for safely transporting and installing same
at the site.
2.4 Each monitor station provided shall be con-
sidered an approved operating assembly at the
time of installation. It is incumbent upon
the Contractor to inspect the conditions of
said station assembly upon receipt since any
incurred damage or claims of inoperability,
upon installation, attributable to Contractor
negligence will rest with the Contractor.
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2.5 Any damage incurred on the assembly in the
conduct of the work which shall require replace-
ment or extensive field repairs to the station
shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
The Contractor shall immediately notify the
Purchaser of any damage and shall solicit an
immediate inspection of same. The Contractor
shall be liable for all charges for replacement
or repairs required on each damaged station
assembly due to negligence of his workmen or
inadequate installation procedures.
2.6 Inspection and approval of the completed in-
stallation by the Purchaser's Project Engineer
shall relieve the Contractor of any liability
for damages or claims which may be attributable
to work performed in placing the installed
station in service. Said work shall not be the
responsibility of this Contractor.
2.7 The Purchaser shall provide the Contractor with
all necessary maps, descriptions or drawings
required to locate the installation sites and
all drawings and instructions required to pro-
perly connect each installed station to the
power supply at the sites.
3.0 Installation
3.1 Station Placement
Installation of each monitor station at the
site shall require the following:
3.1.1 Provision of four (4) mounting legs
(2" schedule 80 pipe) for the station.
Pipe lengths shall be determined to
match the finished installation elevation
of the station as designated by the
Purchaser and installation drawings
provided. Both ends of each pipe leg
shall be threaded to allow connection of
the leg to one of the 2" 150 Ib. flat
face threaded flanges which are a part of
the station assembly. Upon installation
of all four (4) legs in a like manner,
a 2" 150 Ib. flat face threaded flange
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shall be affixed to the free end of
each leg.
3.1.2 With all legs in place, the entire
station assembly shall be lifted in
place above the existing support posts
located in the stream bed. The station
shall be carefully lowered upon the
posts, being sure that the station legs
and support posts are in proper align-
ment.
3.1.3 Adjustment of the legs and/or flanges to
make the station level shall be accom-
plished before the station is permanently
fixed in place.
3.1.4 Upon determination that the station is
level, the legs shall be tack welded in
place to the existing steel plates
affixed to the top of each support post
rising from the stream bed. Pipe legs
shall be centered, as much as possible,
within the circular area of each
plate.
3.2 Wiring Connections
3.2.1 Operating power (120 VAC) shall be
supplied to the installed station from
the power source available at the site.
3.2.2 Power conductors shall be 3/c-No. 14
conductor, soft drawn, copper wire with
600 volt insulation, Type TW.
3.2.3 Power shall be connected to terminals N
and LI (tagged) on the terminal strip
mounted inside the station assembly in
accordance with Drawing No. 6218-6A1 -
Schematic Diagram, Interconnection
Diagram and Bill of Material.
3.2.4 Wiring to the station enclosure shall be
accomplished through a standard conduit
fitting and service entrance fitting.
114
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Wiring from the power source to the
station enclosure will be run in rigid
steel conduit (1/2").
3.2.5 Conduit shall be run in straight lines
with no more than three (3) 90-degree
bends per run. The conduit shall be run
embedded from the power source to the
entrance fitting at the monitor enclosure
4.0 Workmanship
4.1 Workmanship shall be in accordance with the best
standard practice of trades involved and per-
formed by mechanics skilled in the type of work
required.
4.2 Materials required to make a complete installa-
tion shall be new and of the best grade.
5.0 Applicable Regulations
5.1 The Contractor shall obtain all permits, in-
spections, etc., which may be required by
regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over
the work sites.
5.2 All electrical materials used in this work
shall be approved by the Underwriters Labora-
tories, Inc., and shall bear their label of
approval.
5.3 All work, materials and manner of placing
material shall be in accordance with the latest
requirements of the National Electric Code and
all municipal laws and ordinances relating to
the work.
6.0 Cleanup
6.1 Upon completion of all installation work at
the sites, the Contractor shall clear the
construction area of all debris and excess
materials which may remain.
6.2 The Contractor is responsible for complete
removal of the aforementioned from the sites and
shall do nothing to despoil the surrounding
115
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environment by attempting to burn, bury or dump
any such debris or materials.
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CONTRACTOR'S SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF STREAM GAUGING STATIONS
1.0 Scope of Work
1.1 This specification defines the work to be
performed by the Contractor in the construc-
tion of two (2) stream gauging stations at
two (2) separate locations in Muhlenberg County,
Kentucky. The construction of each station
shall be in accordance with this specification
and the individual station drawings which
detail their construction requirements (Section
3.0, Plans and Drawings).
1.2 Construction at the site of each station is
defined by an individual plot plan on each con-
struction drawing. Base points and bench marks
and base lines for each station have been
established at the various sites and all dimen-
sions and elevations shown on the drawings are
with reference to them. An assumed elevation of
100"-0" has been established at each site as
the key reference point.
1.3 The Contractor shall furnish all labor,
materials, tools, supplies, supervision and
equipment required to construct and place in
proper operating condition the two (2) stream
gauging stations defined in the referenced
drawings.
2.0 General Requirements
2.1 The Contractor is expected to visit each of
the two (2) sites to ascertain to his own satis-
faction the means of access to each of the
construction sites and the construction condi-
tions encountered at each.
2.2 During construction, the Contractor shall main-
tain stream flow around the construction area
as indicated on the individual station drawings.
The Contractor shall erect temporary diversion
dams to accomplish same and be vigilant in the
prevention of deleterious effects to the
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immediate environment due to such temporary
provisions. The Contractor shall be respon-
sible, upon completion of construction, for
restoring each stream bed construction area to
a condition essentially as found before con-
struction began.
3 .0 Plans^ and Drawings
3.1 The location of each construction site and the
requirements for construction of each of the
two (2) stream gauging stations shall be in
accordance with the following drawings:
6218-4A1 - Stream Monitoring Station No. V--1,
Weir Arrangement and Detail
6218-4A3 -- Stream Monitoring Station No. V-3,
Weir Arrangement and Detail
4.0 Temporary Construction
4.1 As indicated on each station construction draw-
ing, the Contractor shall temporarily divert
stream flow, during construction, by providing
and placing all sand bag material as delineated.
4.2 Bags shall be 18" x 28" 18-ounce burlap. Each
bag shall be filled with sand (only) and, upon
filling, shall be securely sewed shut to prevent
loss.
4.3 Sand bags used for temporary structures at one
site may be used at another site at the option
of the Contractor.
4.4 The Contractor shall note that the quantity of
sand bags required in the Bill of Material on
the various drawings is only an estimated
quantity.
5.0 Excavation
5.1 The Contractor shall provide all excavation,
grading and backfilling required for the project
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6.0 Permanent Construction
6.1 The Contractor shall furnish all material and
construct the timber weir structures in
accordance with the construction drawings.
6.2 Timber
6.2.1 The quality of timber sheeting and piling
required shall be in accordance with
standards established by the American
Society of Testing Materials. All timber
materials shall be treated by pressure
application of hot creosote, or an
approved equivalent treatment agent.
Substitution of an equivalent agent
shall be approved by the Purchaser's
Project Engineer prior to use by the Con-
tractor. Creosote for preservative treat-
ment shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM D-390-64, Land and Fresh Water
Grades.
6.2.2 The timber piling shall be driven to the
specified depth or until practical re-
fusal is encountered before that depth
is reached. Any pile exhibiting practical
refusal shall be subject to the review and
approval of the Purchaser's Project
Engineer.
6.2.3 Piling shall be driven true and level and
shall be checked for such as they are_
driven. Desired penetration of the piles
shall be accomplished within the follow-
ing tolerances:
a. Piles shall not be more than 2% out
of plumb.
b. Piles shall not be more than 3 inches
out of place.
6.2.4 Broken or shattered piles shall not be
acceptable. If any pile is misdriven or
otherwise unacceptable, the Contractor
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shall drive an extra pile or piles, at
no further expense to the purchaser, to
replace the unacceptable pile(s). The
Contractor shall be prepared to extract
piles which are overdriven or damaged.
6.2.5 Piles shall be cut off at the proper cap
elevation and the cut shall be horizontal.
Upon establishment of the cap elevation,
a finish cut shall be made on each pile
so indicated on the construction drawing
details. All cut ends shall then be
brushed with two coats of hot creosote and
one coat of coal tar, or an approved
equivalent treatment agent.
6.3 With all piles properly installed and cut ends
treated, California redwood sheeting shall be
bolted to the piles in accordance with the
drawing installation details to complete the
weir plate support structure. Sufficient
caulking, to prevent seepage, shall be placed
between all planks to make the finished
construction watertight.
6.4 The Contractor shall place bolts for securing
the steel weir plates in the support planks in
accordance with the construction drawings. The
workmanship shall assure placement of the weir
plate in a true and level position.
6.5 Riprap shall be placed against the downstream
side of the weir support structure in accordance
with the construction drawings to prevent scour.
6 .6 The Contractor shall provide and place all bags
filled with a mixture of sand and cement as
required to construct the permanent structures
on either end of the weir structures. The bags
shall be 18" x 28" 18-ounce burlap and shall be
filled with a mix consisting of one (1) part
cement and nine (9) parts well-blended sand.
This mix shall be blended (no water is to be
used) to prevent channeling when in final
position in the stream bed. After filling with
the above mix, the bags shall be securely sewed
shut to prevent loss of material. The Contractor
shall note that the quantity of such bags
120
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required in the Bill of Material on the various
drawings is an estimated quantity.
7.0 Cleanup
7.1 Upon completion of all the permanent construc-
tion at each site, the Contractor shall remove
all temporary construction and clear the con-
struction area of all debris and excess
materials of construction which may remain.
7.2 The Contractor is responsible for complete re-
moval of the aforementioned from each site and
shall do nothing to despoil the surrounding
environment by attempting to burn, bury, or
dump any such debris or materials.
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WP-4-1
Re: WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR WATERS OF THE
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY
Relates to KRS 224.010 to 224.210 and 224.990
Supersedes WP-4
Pursuant to the authority vested in the Water Pollution
Control Commission by KRS 224.040, the following regula-
tion is adopted;
Section 1. Prohibitions. No person or group of persons
as defined in KRS 224.010 shall cause to be violated any
one of the minimum standards in Section 2 or any one of the
standards established in Section 3 of this regulation.
Section 2. The following are minimum conditions applicable
to all Haters of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. All waters
of the Commonwealth shall be:
(1) Substantially free from substances attributable to
municipal, industrial or other discharges or agricul-
tural practices that will settle to form putrescent
sludge deposits;
(2) Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other float-
ing materials attributable to municipal, industrial
or other discharges or agricultural practices in
amounts sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious;
(3) Free from materials attributable to municipal, indus-
trial or other discharges or agricultural practices
producing color, odor or other conditions in such
degree as to create a nuisance; and
(4) Free from substances attributable to municipal,
industrial or other discharges or agricultural
practices in concentrations or combinations which
are toxic or harmful to human, animal, plant or
aquatic life.
(5) In the standards established by Subsections (1)
through (4), every person as defined in KRS 224.010
shall remove from their discharges those substances
described in Subsections (1) through (4) to the
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lowest practicable level attainable under current
technology .
Section 3. Stream_use classification. In addition to the
minimum conditions set forth in Section 2, the following
specific stream use classification shall govern where
applicable:
(1) Public water supply and food processing industries.
The following criteria are applicable to surface
water at the point at which water is withdrawn for
use for a public water supply or by a food process-
ing industry.
(a) Bacteria: Coliform group not to exceed 5,000
per 100 ml as a monthly arithmetical average
value (either MPN or MF count); nor exceed this
number in more than 20 percent of the samples
examined during any month; nor exceed 20,000 per
100 ml in more than 5 percent of such samples.
(b) Threshold-odor number: After normal treatment
to be less than 3.
(c) Dissolved solids; Not to exceed 500 mg/1 as a
monthly average value, nor exceed 750 mg/1 at
any time. (Values of specific conductance of
800 and 1,200 micromhos/cm (at 25°C) may be
considered equivalent to dissolved solids concen-
trations of 500 and 750 mg/1.)
(d) Radioactive substances: Gross beta activity not
to exceed 1,000 picocuries per liter, (pCi/1),
nor shall activity from dissolved Strontium 90
exceed 10 pCi/1, nor shall activity from dis-
solved alpha emitters exceed 3 pCi/1.
(e) Chemical constituents: Not to exceed the follow-
ing specified concentrations at any time:
Constituents Concentration (mg/1)
Arsenic 0.05
Barium 1.0
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium (Hexavalent) 0.05
Cyanide 0.025
Fluoride 1.0
Lead 0.05
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Selenium 0.01
Silver 0.05
(2) Industrial water supply. The following criteria are
applicable to water at the point at which water is
withdrawn for use, either with or without treatment,
for industrial cooling and processing (other than
food processing) and shall be applicable only within
a mixing zone.
(a) pH; Not less than 5.0 nor greater than 9.0 at
any time.
(b) Temperature: Not to exceed 95°F at any time.
(c) Dissolved solids; Not to exceed 750 mg/1 as a
monthly average value, nor exceed 1,000 mg/1 at
any time. (Values of specific conductance of
1,200 and 1,600 micromhos/cm (at 25°C) may be
considered equivalent to dissolved-solids con-
centrations of 750 and 1,000 mg/1.)
f
(3) Aquatic life. The following criteria are for evalua-
tion of conditions for the maintenance of well
balanced, indigenous fish population. The aquatic use
standards shall not apply to areas immediately adjacent
to outfalls. Areas immediately adjacent to outfalls
shall be as small as possible, be provided for mixing
only, and shall not prevent the free passage of fish
and drift organisms.
(a) Dissolved oxygen: Concentrations shall average
at least 5.0 mg/1 per calendar day and shall not
be less than 4.0 mg/1 at any time or any place
outside the mixing zone.
(b) pH; No values below 6.0 nor above 9.0.
(c) Temperature:
(i) Not to exceed 89°F.
(ii) There shall be no abnormal temperature
changes that may affect aquatic life
unless caused by natural conditions.
(iii) The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the
addition of heat due to other than natural
causes shall be maintained.
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(iv) The maximum temperature rise at any time
or place above natural temperatures
shall not exceed 5°F in streams. In
addition, the water temperature for all
streams shall not exceed the maximum
limits indicated in the following table:
Stream maximum temperature for each
month in °F.
January 50
February 50
March • 60
April 70
May 80
June 87
July 89
August 89
September 87
October 78
November 70
December 57
(v) The allowable temperature increase in
public water impoundments will be limited
to 3°F in the epilimnion if thermal
stratification exists. Public water
impoundments include all impounded waters
of the Commonwealth which are open to the
public and used by the public.
(d) Toxic substances: Not to exceed one-tenth of
the 96-hour median tolerance limit of fish; where
there are substances that are toxic because of
their cumulative characteristics other limiting
concentrations may be used in specific cases as
presently approved by the Federal Environmental
Protection Agency, or as later adopted by the
Water Pollution Control Commission.
(e) Put-and-take trout streams: The following
criteria are applicable to those waters designa-
ted by the Commission as put-and-take trout
streams:
(i) Dissolved oxygen: Concentrations shall
not be less than 6.0 mg/1 at any time or
any place. Spawning areas (during the
spawning season) shall be protected by a
minimum DO concentration of 7.0 mg/1.
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(ii) Temperature; Stream temperatures shall
not be increased artificially above
the natural temperature at any time in
cold water trout streams.
(4) Recreation: Unless caused by natural conditions, the
following criterion shall apply in waters to be used
for recreational purposes, (including but not limited
to such water-contact activities as swimming and
water skiing).
Bacteria: The total coliform level shall not exceed
an average 1,000 per 100 ml. Total coliform shall
not exceed this number in 20% of the samples in a
month, nor exceed 2400/100 ml on any day. If the
level of total coliform is exceeded, then a fecal
coliform standard shall be used. There shall be a
reduction of fecal coliform to such degree that:
(i) During the months of May through October fecal
coliform density in the discharge does not
-exceed 200 per 100 ml as a monthly geometric
mean (based on not less than ten samples per
month), nor exceed 400 per 100 ml in more than
ten percent of the samples examined during a
month, and
(ii) During the months of November through April
the density does not exceed 1,000 per 100 ml as
a monthly geometric mean (based on not less than
ten samples per month), nor exceed 2,000 per
100 ml in more than ten percent of the samples
examined during a month.
(5) Agricultural: No criteria in addition to the minimum
conditions enumerated in Section 2 are proposed for
the evaluation of stream quality at the point at
which water is withdrawn for agricultural and stock
watering use.
Section 4. Multiple uses. One or more uses established
in Section 3 may apply to the same waters. The use
criteria shall apply to those waters suitable for the use
or uses provided in Section 3. In the event there is a
conflict between or among the applicable uses, the more
stringent use criteria shall apply.
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Section 5. Regulation WP-4 is superseded
Adopted: July 23, 1971
Filed: July 23, 1971
Effective: August 22, 1971
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SMR-Rg-11
RE: Water Quality
Relates to KRS 350.090
In order to establish and maintain an effective program
for assuring high quality water in the Commonwealth, coal
mine operators shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) Treatment
(a) Treatment facilities of sufficient size and
number consisting of, but not limited to,
collection basins, water retarding structures
and silt dams shall be constructed prior to the
stripping operation for maintaining a quality of
water to specifications in paragraph l(c) herein.
The location of all sediment control facilities
shall be indicated on the permit map(s) prior
to issuance of the permit.
(b) All treatment facilities ahall be kept in proper
working order to maintain those specifications in
paragraph 1(c) herein, until the operator can
demonstrate that the specifications in paragraph
1 (c) herein can be met without such treatment
facilities. Records of treatment shall be
maintained by the operator on forms furnished
by the Division.
(c) The operator shall prevent discharge of drainage,
into the waters of the Commonwealth from the
area of land affected, the pH of which is less
than 6.0 or greater than 9.0 or which contains
a concentration of iron in excess of seven (7)
milligrams per liter (mg/1). The total alkalinity
of the discharge must exceed the total acidity.
The discharge shall contain no settleable matter,
nor shall it contain suspended matter in excess
of 150 Jackson Turbidity Units, except during
a precipitation event, which the operator must
show to have occurred, in which case 1000 Jackson
Turbidity Units may not be exceeded. Suspended
matter in parts per million (ppm) may not exceed
the Jackson Turbidity Units multiplied by 2.20.
Sampling and analyses are to be defined and
performed according to Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, Thirteenth
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Edition, unless otherwise specified in writing
by the Division.
(2) Drainage
(a) Water which might drain into the stripping pit
shall be intercepted above the highwall by
diversion ditches and conveyed by stable
channels (designed so they will not erode) or
other means to natural or prepared watercourses
unless the Division finds these ditches unneces-
sary. Such ditches shall be built of sufficient
size and grade to handle the runoff resulting
from a once in ten (10) year storm event as a
min imum.
(b) Intermittent streams in the area of land
affected shall be kept free of spoil material
for a minimum distance of twenty-five (25) feet
on each side of the channel. The Division^may
grant permission to operate within these limits
provided that the natural drainage be conveyed
across or under the land affected.
(c) No drainage shall be discharged into underground
mine workings. When an underground mine or mine
drainage is encountered, the operator shall
report this occurrence to the Division and bring
any discharge into compliance with paragraph 1 (c)
herein immediately. Plans must be submitted
within five (5) days for permanent control. Upon
approval by the Division, the operator shall
comply to the plans within thirty (30) days.
(d) Sudden release of large volumes of water onto
outer slopes of spoil banks is prohibited.
(e) All drainage originating on the area of land
affected must meet the specifications in para-
graph 1(c) herein or exit through treatment
facilities in accordance with paragraph 1.
(f) The Commission finding that some flexibility is
required in the administration of regulations,
where special conditions warrant, the director
may provide for exceptions to this regulation
consistent with the requirements of KRS Chapter
350. All such exceptions shall be presented to
the Commission for its approval or rejection.
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Definitions
As used in this regulation, certain words are defined as
follows:
Area of Land Affected - means the area of land from which
overburden is to be or has been removed and upon which
the overburden is to be or has been deposited and shall
include all lands affected by the construction of new
roads or the improvement or use of existing roads other
than public roads, to gain access and to haul coal.
Source: Kentucky Revised Statutes Relating to Strip
Mining and Reclamation, 1966, Chapter 350.010 (3).
Jackson Turbidity Unit - An arbitrary unit for the optical
property of a sample indicating the presence of suspended
matter. For preparation of a Standard Jackson Turbidity
suspension, see pp. 349-356 of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, Thirteenth Edition.
Settleable Matter - That matter in a sample that will
settle in one (1) hour using the test described in page
539, procedure l.a, of Standard Methods for the Examina-
tion of Water and Wastewater, Thirteenth Edition.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste-
water, Thirteenth Edition - is believed to represent the
best current practice of American water analysts and to
be generally applicable in connection with the problems
of water purification, sewage disposal and sanitary inves-
tigations. The Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, Thirteenth Edition may be obtained
from the American Public Health Association, Inc., Pub-
lication Office, 1740 Broadway, New York, New York 10019.
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224.030 Water Pollution Control Commission; creation;
membership; compensation; meetings; officers and employes.
(1) For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of
KRS 224.010 to 224.060, 224.080 and 224.100, there
is hereby created in the Department of Health a
Water Pollution Control Commission.
(2) The commission shall consist of the Commissioner of
Health, the Commissioner of Natural Resources, the
Attorney General, the Commissioner of the Department
of Fish and Wildlife Resources, the Director of
Reclamation, the Commissioner of Mines and Minerals,
the Commissioner of Commerce, and three citizens of
the Commonwealth, to be appointed for terms of four
years each by the Governor. One citizen member shall
be selected from groups representative of munici-
palities, one from groups representative of indus-
trial management, and one from either groups
representative of municipalities or groups repre-
sentative of industrial management. Vacancies shall
be filled for the unexpired portion of any term in
the same manner as an original appointment. Each of
the officers of the Commonwealth hereby made a member
of the commission may, by written order filed with the
secretary of the commission, designate a deputy or
other representative in his department to serve in
his stead and to perform his duties as a member of
the commission in his absence. Such designation shall
be deemed temporary only and shall not affect the
merit system or retirement rights of any person so
designated.
(3) No salary or other compensation shall be allowed any
member of the commission but each member may be
reimbursed for actual and necessary expenses incurred
in the performance of his official duties.
(4) The commission shall select one of its members as
chairman and another member as vice-chairman at its
first regular meeting in each calendar year. The
Commissioner of Health shall be the secretary of the
commission, and may employ an executive director and
such technical and other personnel as may be required
in order to carry out the provisions of KRS 224.010
to 224.060, 224.080 and 224.100 and the policies of
the commission, and may define their powers and
duties and fix their compensation. During the
interim between meetings, the Commissioner of Health
may perform in the name of the commission such
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functions and duties and may exercise such authority
of the commission as the commission may delegate to
him, or he may delegate such functions, duties, and
authority to the executive director.
(5) The commission may employ, compensate and prescribe
the powers and duties of such officers, employes, and
-consultants, in accordance with the laws of this
Commonwealth, as may be necessary to carry out the
provisions of KRS 224.010 to 224.050 subject to the
approval of the Governor as required in KRS Ch. 12.
(6) The commission shall hold regular meetings at least
once in every two months, the time and place of which
shall be determined by the commission. Special
meetings may be called by the chairman or by three
members of the commission by delivery to the office
of each member of the commission of a written notice
thereof of at least five days in advance of the
date of any such meeting. Five members of the
commission shall constitute a quorum at any meeting.
The 'commission shall establish bylaws for the conduct
of its meeting and shall keep an accurate record
of all its proceedings. (1950, c. 69, 4; 1952,
c. 127; 1958, c. 148; 1966, c. 21, 1) (Formerly
compiled as KRS 220.600)
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224.040 Powers and duties of commission.
The Water Pollution Control Commission shall have and be
entitled to exercise the following authority, powers and
duties:
(1) To exercise general supervision of the administration
and enforcement of KRS 224.010 to 224.060, 224.080
or 224.100 and all rules and regulations and orders
promulgated thereunder.
(2) To develop a comprehensive program for the prevention,
control and abatement of water pollution throughout
the Commonwealth.
(3) To advise, consult, and cooperate with other agencies
of the Commonwealth, other states and the Federal
Government and with affected groups and industries,
in the formulation and carrying out of such a pro-
gram; to accept and administer loans and grants from
the Federal Government and from other sources for
carrying out any of its functions.
(4) To encourage and conduct studies, investigations,
research, experiments and demonstrations and to
collect and disseminate information relating to water
pollution and the prevention, control and abatement
thereof.
(5) To establish, modify or amend, after public hearing,
water quality standards for the waters of the Common-
wealth according to their particular uses.
(6) To adopt, after hearing, such general rules and
regulations pertaining to the prevention, abatement
and control of existing or proposed pollution as the
commission may deem necessary to the accomplishment of
the purposes of KRS 224.010 to 224.060, 224.080 or
224.100.
(7) To adopt, without hearing, rules and regulations with
respect to the procedural aspects of hearings, the
filing of reports and orders, the issuance of permits
and other matters.
(8) To issue, after hearing, orders abating discharges
or requiring the adoption of such remedial measures,
including the construction of new disposal systems
or treatment works or the modification, extension or
alteration of existing systems and works, as the
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commission may deem necessary or proper; to receive
complaints and make investigations in connection
with the foregoing.
(9) To examine and pass upon all plans and specifications
for, and to inspect the construction of new disposal
systems and treatment works, extensions, modifications
or additions to new or existing disposal systems or
treatment works, and extensions and modifications or
additions to factories, manufacturing establishments
or business enterprises, the operation of which would
cause an increase in the pollutional load of any
waters of the Commonwealth.
(10) To issue, continue in effect, revoke, modify or
deny, under such conditions as the commission may
prescribe, permits for the discharge or deposit of
any sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes, into
any waters of the Commonwealth, and for the installa-
tion and operation of disposal systems and treatment
works . '
(11) To make investigations or inspections which may be
deemed necessary to insure compliance with any of the
provisions of KRS 224.010 to 224.060, 224.080 and
224.100 or with any rules, regulations or orders
of the commission, or which may be deemed necessary
to enable the commission to carry into effect the
provisions of KRS 224.010 to 224.060, 224.080 and
224.100.
(12) To institute or cause to be instituted in a court of
competent jurisdiction, proceedings to compel com-
pliance with the provisions of KRS 224.010 to
224.060, 224.080 and 224.100 or with the orders of
the commission.
(13) To enter at any reasonable time, through any commis-
sioner, assistant, agent or employe, in or upon any
public or private property for the purpose of in-
specting and investigating conditions relating to
pollution or possible pollution of any waters of the
Commonwealth, which inspection or investigation will
not involve confidential information relating to
secret processes or to the economics of operation.
(14) To examine any records or memoranda relating to the
operation of any disposal system or treatment works
which examination does not involve confidential
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information relating to secret processes or to the
economics of operation.
(15) To take all action necessary or appropriate to secure
to the Commonwealth the benefits of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (Public Law 845, 80th Congress;
62 Stat. 1155) .
(16) To perform such other and further acts as may be
necessary/ proper or desirable in order to carry out
effectively the duties and responsibilities of the
commission herein prescribed. (1950, c. 69, 5)
'(Formerly compiled as KRS 220.610)
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350.024 Reclamation Commission; Membership; Meetings;
Compensation.
There is hereby created in the Department of Natural
Resources a Reclamation Commission, which shall be composed
of the Commissioner of Natural Resources, serving as
chairman, the Commissioner of Mines and Minerals, and
the Director of Reclamation. The members of the Commis-
sion, other than the Director of Reclamation, shall receive
no compensation for their services on the Commission,
but shall be reimbursed for their expenses incurred in
performing their functions. The Commission shall meet from
time to time on the call of any member, but shall meet at
least four times each year.
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350.050 Powers of Division.
The Division of Reclamation of the Department of Natural
Resources under the supervision of the Commissioner of
Natural Resources shall have and exercise the following
authority and powers:
(1) To exercise general supervision and administration
and enforcement of this chapter and all rules and
regulations and orders promulgated thereunder;
(2) To encourage and conduct investigations, research,
experiments and demonstrations, and to collect and
disseminate information relating to strip mining and
reclamation of lands and waters affected by strip
mining;
(3) To adopt, without hearing, rules and regulations
with respect to the filing of reports, the issuance of
permits and other matters of procedure and adminis-
tration;
(4) To examine and pass upon all plans and specifications
submitted by the operator for the method of operation,
backfilling, grading and for the reclamation of the
area of land affected by his operation;
(5) To make investigations or inspections which may be
deemed necessary to insure compliance with any
provision of this chapter;
(6) To order, through personnel of the Division, the
suspension of any permit for failure to comply with
any of the provisions of this chapter or any
regulations adopted pursuant thereto;
(7) To order, through personnel of the Division, the
stopping of any operation that is started without
first having secured a permit as required by this
chapter.
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350.060 Permit Required; Contents of Application; Map;
Fee; Bond.
(1) No operator shall engage in strip mining without
having first obtained from the Division a permit
designating the area of land affected by the opera-
tion. The permit shall authorize the operator to
engage in strip mining upon the area of land des-
cribed in his application for a period of one year
from the date of its issuance;
(2) An operator desiring a permit shall file an applica-
tion which shall state:
(a) The location and area of land to be affected by
the operation, with a description of access to
the area from the nearest public highways;
(b) The owner or owners of the sjurface of the area
of land to be affected by th°e permit and the
owner or owners of all surface area within five
hundred feet of any part of the affected area;
(c) The owner or owners of the coal to be mined;
(d) The source of the applicant's legal right to
mine the coal on the land affected by the permit;
(e) The" permanent and temporary post office
addresses of the applicant;
(f) Whether the applicant or any person, partner-
ship or corporation associated with the applicant
holds or has held any other permits under this
chapter, and an identification of such permits;
(g) Whether or not the applicant is in compliance
with subsection (3) of KRS 350.130 and whether
or not every officer, partner, director or
any individual owning of record or beneficially
(alone or with associates) if known, ten percent
or more of any class of stock of the applicant,
is subject to any of the provisions of subsection
(3) of KRS 350.130 and he shall so certify;
(3) The application for a permit shall be accompanied by
two copies of a United States Geological Survey
topographic map on which the operator has indicated
the location of the operation, the course which would
be taken by drainage from the operation to the stream
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or streams to which such drainage would normally flow,
the name of the applicant and date, and the name of
the person who located the operation on the map;
(4) The application for a permit shall be accompanied by
two copies of an enlarged United States Geological
Survey topographic map meeting the requirements of
the subsections below. The map shall:
(a) Be prepared and certified by a professional
engineer, registered under the provisions of
KRS Chapter 322. The certification shall be in
the form as provided in subsection (5) below;
(b) Identify the area to correspond with the
application;
(c) Show adjacent deep mining and the boundaries of
surface properties and names of owners on the
affected area and within five hundred feet of
any part of the affected area;
(d) Be of a scale of not less than four hundred feet
to the inch and not to exceed six hundred and
sixty feet to the inch;
(e) Show the names and locations of all streams,
creeks, or other bodies of public water, roads,
buildings, cemeteries, oil and gas wells, and
utility lines on the area of land affected and
within five hundred feet of such area;
(f) Show by appropriate markings the boundaries
of the area of land affected, the cropline of
the seam or deposit of coal to be mined, and the
total number of acres involved in the area of
land affected;
(g) Show the date on which the map was prepared, the
north point and the quadrangle name;
(h) Show the drainage plan on and away from the
area of land affected. Such plan shall indicate
the directional flow of water, constructed
drainways, natural waterways used for drainage,
and the streams or tributaries receiving the
discharge;
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(5) The certification of the maps by the professional
engineer shall read as follows: "I, the undersigned,
hereby certify that this map is correct, and shows
to the best of my knowledge and belief all the infor-
mation required by the strip mining laws of this
state." The certification shall be signed and
notarized. The Division may reject any map as in-
complete if its accuracy is not so attested;
(6) In addition to the information and maps required
above, each application for a permit shall be
accompanied by detailed plans or proposals show-
ing the method of operation, the manner, time and
distance for backfilling, grading work and a
reclamation plan for the affected area, which proposals
shall meet the requirements of this chapter and
rules and regulations adopted pursuant thereto;
(7) A basic fee of one hundred and fifty dollars plus
thirty-five dollars for each acre or fraction thereof
of the area of land to be affected by the operation
shall be paid before the permit required herein
shall be issued. The operator shall file with the
Division a bond payable to the Commonwealth of Kentucky
with surety satisfactory to the Division in the penal
sum to be determined by the Commission on the recommendation
of the Director of not less than two hundred dollars
nor more than one thousand dollars for each acre or
fraction thereof of the area of land affected, with
a minimum bond of two thousand dollars, conditioned
upon the faithful performance of the requirements
set forth in this chapter and of the rules and
regulations of the Commission. In determining the
amount of the bond within the above limits, the
Commission shall take into consideration the character
and nature of the overburden, the future suitable
use of the land involved and the cost of backfilling,
grading and reclamation to be required. In a par-
ticular instance where the circumstances are such as
to warrant an exception, the Commission, in its
discretion, may reduce the amount of the bond for a
particular operation to less than the required
minimum.
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350.090 Reclamation Plan, Requirements, Approval; Dumping
Regulations.
(1) Under the provisions of this chapter and regulations
adopted by the Commission, an operator shall prepare
and carry out a method of operation, plan of grading and
backfilling and a reclamation plan for the area of
land affected by his operation. In developing a
method of operation, and the plans of backfilling,
grading and reclamation, all measures shall be taken
to eliminate damages to members of the public, their
real and personal property, public roads, streams
and all other public property from soil erosion,
rolling stones and overburden, water pollution and
hazards dangerous to life and property. The plan shall
be submitted to the Division and the Division shall
notify the applicant by registered mail within twenty
working days after receipt of the plans and complete
application if it is or is not acceptable. If the
plan is not acceptable, the Division shall set forth
the reasons for which the plan is not acceptable and
it may propose modifications, delete areas or reject
the entire plan. Should the applicant disagree with_
the decision of the Division, he may, by written notice,
request a hearing by the Commission. The Commission
shall notify the applicant by registered mail within
twenty days after the hearing of its decision. Any
person aggrieved by a final order of the Commission
may appeal through the courts as set forth in KRS
350.032;
(2) In addition to the method of operation, grading,
backfilling and reclamation requirements of this
chapter and regulations adopted pursuant thereto, the
operator, consistent with the directives of subsection
(1) above, shall be required to perform the following:
(a) Cover the face of the coal with compacted non-acid
bearing and non-toxic materials to a distance of
at least four feet above the seam being strip
mined or by a permanent water impoundment;
(b) Bury under adequate fill all toxic materials,
roof coal, pyritic coal or shale determined by
the Division to be acid producing, toxic, or
creating a fire hazard;
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(c) Seal off, as directed by regulations, any
breakthrough of acid water creating a hazard;
(d) Impound, drain or treat all runoff water so as
to reduce soil erosion, damage to agricultural
lands and pollution of streams and other waters;
(e) Remove or bury all metal, lumber, and other
refuse resulting from the operation;
(3) No operator shall throw, dump, pile or permit the
dumping, piling or throwing or otherwise placing
any overburden, stones, rocks, coal, particles of
coal, earth, soil, dirt, debris, trees, wood, logs
or any other materials or substances of any kind or
nature beyond or outside of the area of land which is
now under permit and for which bond has been posted
under KRS 350.060 or place such materials herein
described in such a way that normal erosion or slides
brought about by natural physical causes will permit
such'materials to go beyond or outside of the area
of land which is under permit and for which bond has
been posted under KRS 350.060.
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350.150 Reclamation Work by Division; Procedure; Accep-
tance of Federal and Other Funds; Access to Land.
(1) In the reclamation of land affected by strip mining
for which it has funds available, the Division may
avail itself of any services which may be provided
by other state agencies or by agencies of the
Federal Government, and may compensate them for such
services. The Division may also receive any federal
funds, state funds or any other funds for the
reclamation of land affected by strip mining. The
Division may cause the reclamation work to be done
by its own employees or by employees of other
governmental agencies, Soil Conservation Districts,
or through contracts with qualified persons. Such
contracts shall be awarded to the lowest responsible
bidder upon competitive bids after reasonable ad-
vertisement. The Division and any other agency and
any contractor under a contract with the Division
shall have the right of access to the land affected
to carry out such reclamation.
(2) Any funds available to the Commission and any public
works program may be used and expended to reclaim
and rehabilitate any lands that have been subjected
to strip mining that have not been reclaimed and
rehabilitated in accordance with standards set by
this chapter or regulations thereunder and which are
not covered by bond to guarantee such reclamation;
(3) A person or organization, having qualifications
acceptable to the Commission, may post bond or a cash
deposit, in a sum determined by the Commission, and
assume the liability for carrying out the reclamation
plan approved by the Division in areas where the
mining operation and any necessary grading and back-
filling have been completed. The Division shall then
release the bond posted by the operator for such area,
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350.152 Acquisition of Land by Commonwealth for Reclama-
tion Purposes.
(1) The Commonwealth, acting by and through its Depart-
ment of Natural Resources, shall have the power to
acquire, either by negotiation or by exercise of the
power of eminent domain, land which has been affected
or disturbed by strip or auger mining, which now
consists of orphan banks or unreclaimed spoil piles,
and which in its present state is hazardous or
otherwise detrimental to the health and safety of
the citizens of the Commonwealth, and for the
restoration of which Federal funds have been made
available;
(2) Prior to acquiring any land pursuant to Part 3 of
this Act, the Department of Natural Resources shall
extend to the owners thereof an apportunity to
backfill, grade, plant and do other acts of restora-
tion thereon to the same extent and within the same
time limits as prescribed by Chapter 350 of the
Kentucky Revised Statutes and regulations adopted
pursuant thereto. If the owner or owners agree in
writing to perform such restoration and, weather
permitting, start such restoration within a period
of thirty days, the land shall not be acquired by
the Commonwealth;
(3) The Department of Natural Resources shall attempt
to purchase any land which it has determined should
be acquired for the purpose of restoration and which
the owners have not agreed to restore as provided in
subsection (2) above. In any case where the Depart-
ment and the owners of the land are unable to agree
upon the amount to be paid for the land, the Depart-
ment may exercise the power of eminent domain against
such land by filing a condemnation suit under any
procedure as provided in Chapter 416 of the Kentucky
Revised Statutes;
(4) The purchase price, in the case of a negotiated
acquisition, or the damages as finally determined,
in the case of acquisition by condemnation, and the
necessary expenses indicental thereto, shall be paid
from the Reclamation Fund or appropriations made by
the General Assembly for such purposes and appro-
priations to which Federal funds made available for
such purposes have been credited.
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350.154 Restoration and Reclamation by Division of
Reclamation.
The Division of Reclamation shall have the power to
backfill, grade, plant and perform other acts of restora-
tion and reclamation, or contract for the performance
of such restoration work, on any lands acquired under
Part 3 of this Act, to the extent and subject to such
conditions as State or Federal Funds are appropriated
and available therefor.
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350.156 Restored Land, Transfer to State or Local
Agencies.
(1) After restoration of the acquired land, the Department
of Natural Resources may, with the approval of the
Governor, transfer jurisdiction of such land, or any
portion thereof, to any State agency that can best
utilize such land for public purposes;
(2) If the retention of such land is determined to be
impractical, the Department of Natural Resources
may, with the approval of the Governor, sell such
land to political subdivisions of the Commonwealth
at the cost of acquisition and restoration or public
sale to the highest bidder. Such land shall be
sold subject to the condition that no strip mining
shall be carried on thereon at any time thereafter.
The proceeds ofvany such sale shall be credited to
the ReclamationVFund as provided for in Section 37(2)
of the- Act.
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350.163 Division may Accept State and Federal Funds;
Reclamation Fund Created.
(1) The Division of Reclamation is authorized and
empowered to receive and accept from the Common-
wealth or any of its agencies and from Federal
agencies appropriations or grants to accomplish the
purposes of Part 3 of this Act, and to receive and
accept aid or contributions from any source of either
money, property, labor or any other things of value,
to accomplish the purposes of Part 3 of this Act;
(2) All funds available or paid to the Division of
Reclamation under Part 3 of this Act, shall be
placed in the State Treasury and credited to a special
agency account to be designated as the Reclamation
Fund. Any unencumbered and any unexpended balance
of this fund at the end of any fiscal year shall not
lapse but shall be carried forward for the purposes
of Part 3 of this Act until expended or until
appropriated by subsequent legislative action.
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3C, 5D
SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
,f.ar,,z<.<,on Coiranonweajtj1 Of Kentucky, Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Reclamation (Grantee)
Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation (Consultant Contractor)
T'"c REVEGETATION AUGMENTATION BY REUSE OF TREATED
ACTIVE SURFACE MINE DRAINAGE - FEASIBILITY STUDY
ioM «"»>**;
Zaval, Frank J.
Robins, John D.
16
Project Designation
Environmental Protection Agency
2] Note
22
Citation
Environmental Protection Agency report
number EPA-R2-72-119, November 1972.
23
Descriptors (Starred First)
*acid mine drainage, *neutralization, *irrigation, *limestones,
*surface mines, mine drainage.
25
Identifiers (Starred First)
*Feasibility Study, *Kentucky, monitoring stations.
27 Abslracl The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of
conducting a full-scale demonstration project on the use of neutralized
acid mine drainage to irrigate new vegetative cover on regraded spoil banks.
Two active surface mine sites in the Commonwealth of Kentucky were thoroughly
evaluated for this purpose. Based upon this investigation, it was determined
that a site located in the Western Coal Field of Kentucky, near Madisonville,
was the most suitable for implementation of the revegetation concept.
Determination of project feasibility was based upon the performance and
results of the following investigative measures: waters of receiving streams
and pit discharges were analyzed and evaluated for treatment; regraded spoil
banks were sampled and analyzed with respect to treatment and nutrient require-
ments necessary for vegetative survival; and weir structures, monitor enclosures
and instruments were evaluated and selected for application in unattended
installations.
Based upon the analyses performed, a flow diagram of a suitable limestone
neutralization facility was developed.
Four irrigation techniques were evaluated before a high pressure spray system
was selected as the most practical means of delivering the treated drainage.
Pertinent cost estimates were developed for the construction, installation and
operation of the entire system at the selected demonstration site.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number 14010 HNS under
the partial sponsorship of the Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental
Protection Agency.
Abstrnc I or
Robert A. Loos
Institution
Cyrus Wm.
Rice Division - NUS Corporation
W R : * & 2 (REV JUL.V I 9 6 9 f
WR St C
SEND TO: WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. D. C 20240
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972 514-150/115 1-3
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