United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
PB93-904204
October-December 1993
EPA Publications
Bibliography
Quarterly Abstract
Bulletin
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PB93-904204
October-December 1993
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUARTERLY ABSTRACT BULLETIN
SPONSORED BY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
AND
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Information Management and Services Division
Washington, DC 20460
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About this Bibliography
The entire EPA collection at the National Technical Information Service can be
accessed through the EPA Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin and earlier
publications in this series. The EPA Cumulative Bibliography, 1970 -1976, (order number
PB-265920) contains bibliographic citations of reports generated by EPA and its
predecessor agencies and entered into the NTIS collection through 1976. It contains
bibliographic citations with abstracts, plus six indexes: Title, Subject (Keyword),
Corporate Author, Personal Author, Contract Number, and Accession/Report Number.
The next publication in this series, the EPA Publications Bibliography, 1977 - 1983,
(order number PB84-158500) contains EPA reports entered into the NTIS collection and
published in the EPA Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin from its
inception in 1977 through December, 1983. This volume contains all the indexes of the
original 7-year cumulation, plus a Sponsoring EPA Office index. Original hardbound
copies of this publication are no longer available; stock has been reproduced by NTIS in
order to continue making it available.
A new EPA Publications Bibliography, 1984 - 1990, (order number PB91-205500) again
cumulates 7 years of EPA reports in a 2-part, hardbound publication which contains the
same 7 indexes as the prior edition.
Quarterly supplements to this series continue to be published in the form of the EPA
Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin. Each issue contains an indexed
listing of all EPA technical reports and journal articles added to the NTIS collection
during the preceding quarter. The fourth issue of each calendar year contains its
appropriate abstracts plus complete cumulated indexes for that year.
Bibliographic records of all EPA reports in the NTIS collection are contained in the
NTIS Bibliographic Database and are searchable online through various commercial
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The EPA Publications Bibliography is available on annual subscription from NTIS at a
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countries should contact NTIS for prices.
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CONTENTS
About this Bibliography ii
New EPA Document Numbering System iv
About NTIS v
NTIS Ordering Options v
EPA Library Network vi
Reports Summaries 1
Title Index TI-1
Keyword Index KW-1
Sponsoring EPA Office Index SO-1
Corporate Author Index CA-1
Personal Author Index PA-1
Contract/Grant Number Index CG-1
NTIS Order/Report Number Index OR-1
Order Form At end
Price Codes Outside Back Cover
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iii
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New EPA Dffr*-Urflftn'^ HUTT'^>'?r^-n? System (January. 1992)
The following document numbering system has been adopted by EPA to indicate
the Assistant Administrator/Program office or Regional Office originating each
report. Each 2-digit series listed below is preceded by "EPA" and is followed
immediately by a single numeric digit representing the appropriate office
within the primary organization. Other alpha/numeric elements follow that
indicate the type of publication, calendar year of publication, and sequential
publication number. This information is provided as a guide to allow the
users of this bibliography to use the report number to know program
sponsorship of documents listed.
10 Administrator; Deputy Administrator
11 Administrative Law Judges
12 Science Advisory Board
13 Cooperative Environmental Management
14 Associate Administrator for Congressional & Legislative Affairs
15 Civil Rights
16 Assistant Administrator for International Activities
17 Associate Administrator for Commuinications & Public Affairs
18 Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
20 - 22 Assistant Administrator for Administration & Resources Management
23 Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning and Evaluation
27 Associate Administrator for Regional Operations & State/Local
Relations
30 - 34 Assistant Administrator for Enforcement
35 Inspector General
36 General Counsel
40 - 45 Assistant Administrator for Air & Radiation
50 - 55 Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste & Emergency Response
60 - 65 Assistant Administrator for Research & Development
70 - 75 Assistant Administrator for Pesticides & Toxic Substances
80 - 85 Assistant Administrator for Water
901 Region 1
902 Region 2
903 Region 3
904 Region 4
905 Region 5
906 Region 6
907 Region 7
908 Region 8
909 Region 9
910 Region 10
930 Central Regional Laboratory, Annapolis, MD
IV
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v
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EPA Library Network
Most of the following EPA libraries maintain reference sets of EPA
reports on microfiche.
U.S. EPA Region 1 Library
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3298
FTS: 835-3298
U.S. EPA Region 2 Library
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-2881
FTS: 264-2881
U.S. EPA Region 3 Library
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-7904
FTS: 597-7904
U.S. EPA Region 4 Library
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365-2401
(404) 347-4216
FTS: 257-4216
U.S. EPA Region 5 Library
230 South Dearborn Street, Rm. 1670
Chicago, 1L 60604
(312) 353-9506
FTS: 353-9506
U.S. EPA Region 6 Library
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-27-33
(214) 655-6444
FTS: 255-6444
U.S. EPA Region 7 Library
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 236-2828
FTS: 757-2828
U.S. EPA Region 8 Library
Denver Place, Suite 500
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202-2405
(303) 293-1444
FTS: 330-1444
U.S. EPA Region 9 Library
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 744-1517
FTS: 484-1517
U.S. EPA Region 10 Library
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-1289
FTS: 399-1289
U.S. EPA, National Enforcement
Investigations Center Library
Building 53, Box 25227
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
(303) 236-5122
FTS: 776-5122
U.S. EPA, Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Library
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
(702) 798-2648
FTS: 545-2648
U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory Library
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4328
FTS: 420-4328
U.S.EPA, Andrew W. Breidenbach
Environmental Research Center
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513) 569-7707
FTS: 684-7707
U.S. EPA, Motor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory Library
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
(313) 668-4311
FTS: 374-8311
vi
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U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory Library
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
(218) 720-5538
FTS: 780-5538
U.S. EPA, Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research
Laboratory Library
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
(405) 743-2256
FTS: 743-2256
U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory Library
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
(401) 782-3025
FTS: 838-6025
U.S. EPA Region 2
Field Office Library
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Building 209, MS 245
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
(908) 321-6762
FTS: 340-6762
U.S. EPA, Central Regional
Laboratory Library
839 Bestgate Road (3ES20)
Annapolis, MD 21401
(301) 266-9180
FTS: 652-2103
U.S. EPA, Library Services,
MD-35
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-0094"
FTS: 629-0094
U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory Library
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561'
(904) 932-5311
FTS: 686-9011
U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory Library
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613-7799
(404) 546-3324
FTS: 250-3324
U.S. EPA, AREAL, MD-80
Atmospheric Sciences Modeling
Division Library
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-4536
FTS: 629-4536
U.S. EPA, Headquarters Library
PM-211A
401 M Street
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5922
FTS: 260-5922
U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic
Substances Chemical Library
TS-793
401 M Street
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-2321
FTS: 260-2321
Vll
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EPA PUBLICATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The full bibliographic report entries in this section are arranged alphanumerically by
NTIS order number. Alphabetic data precedes numeric.
SAMPLE ENTRY
NTIS Order Number/Media Code
Price Code*
Report Title
Corporate Author
Personal Authors
Date
Pages
Report Number
Contract Number
Abstract
Keywords (Descriptors & Identifiers)
PB90-120072/HSU
PC A09/MF A01
Sensitivity of Ecological Landscapes and Regions to Global
Climatic Change
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis
F. P. Neilson, G. A. King, R. L. DeVelice, J. Lenihan, and
D. Marks.
Sep89
193p
EPA/600/3-89/073
EPA-68-C8-0006
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services Corp.,
Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Increasing awareness of the potential impacts from global
climatic change has elicited a storm of research planning
among all the major federal agencies. One of the primary
difficulties confronted in the planning effort is the need to
objectively define clear priorities for research dollars. The
report is an attempt to contribute to the process of defining
those priorities by scientifically defining specific regions, eco-
logical systems and attributes of those systems that might be
particularly sensitive to climatic change. Two approaches to
addressing sensitivity have been defined, intrinsic sensitivity
and sensitivity relative to a particular stressor. Intrinsic sensi-
tivity is gauged by past variations in different ecosystems.
Extrinsic or stressor relative sensitivity addressed the same
question, but from the perspective of a particular stress.
'Climatic changes, 'Environmental Surveys, 'Research
projects, Hydrology, Forecasting, Weather. Biological Sur-
veys, Precipitation (Meteorology), Runoff, Natural Resources,
Seasonal variations, Biomass, vegetation, Forestry, 'Regional
Analysis, * Ecosystems, 'Global aspects, Federal agencies,
Comprehensive planning.
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Quarterly Abstract Bulletin
PB92-220532/REB PC A08/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV. Exposure Assessment Research Div.
Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocols: Sampling
Techniques and Strategies.
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
B. J. Mason. Jul 92,166p EPA/600/R-92/128
See also PB83-206979. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV. Exposure
Assessment Research Div.
The document serves as a companion document to
the Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide,
Second Edition. The two documents together provide
methods, techniques, and procedures lor designing a
variety of soil measurement programs and associated
Quality Assurance Program Plans, implementing those
programs and then analyzing, interpreting, and pre-
senting resultant data. Properly designed sampling
plans based upon the laws of probability provide a
means of making decisions that have a sound and de-
fensible basis. The document summarizes various sta-
tistical and geostatistical concepts and procedures
pertaining to the design, implementation, and data in-
terpretation of appropriate sampling designs. Soil sam-
pling takes place either in the surface layer (0-6 in.) or
at greater depths. The methods of sampling each may
be different but make use of two basic techniques.
Samples can either be collected with some form of
core sampling or auger device, or they may be collect-
ed by use of excavations or trenches.
Keywords: *Soil analysis, 'Sampling, Methodology,
Land pollution, Solid waste disposal, Kriging, Chemical
analysis, Quality assurance, Soil contamination, Vola-
tile organic compounds, Procedures.
PB92-228600/REB PC A16/MF A03
Amocc-U.S. EPA Pollution Prevention Project,
Yorktown, Virginia. Air Quality Data. Volume 2.
Amoco Corp./Environmental Protection Agency, York-
town, VA. Pollution Prevention Project.
D. N. Blewitt, J. W. Keating, and J. F. John. 30 Jul 92,
351 p
See also PB92-228592.
As part of the Amoco/USEPA Pollution Prevention
Project, on air quality evaluation of Amoco Oil Compa-
ny's Yorktown Virginia Refinery was conducted. The
document defines baseline air quality in terms of air
emissions and ambient air quality. The baseline was
used to evaluate potential impact of different pollution
prevention options. Three objects of the study were to:
(1) Quantify current air emissions from the facility; (2)
Quantify ambient air quality impacts of these emis-
sions; and (3) identify benefits of implementing pollu-
tion prevention alternatives or additional control meas-
ures. Extensive computer modeling of the airshed im-
mediately around the Refinery was conducted using
the ISC Short Term model with approximately 80 on-
site emission sources and 8700 hourly meteorological
data points.
Keywords: "Petroleum refineries, *Air pollution moni-
toring, 'Pollutant sources, Ambient air quality, Air pol-
lution dispersion, Exhaust gases, Industrial wastes,
Waste water, Air flow, Tracers, 'Emission inventories,
Yorktown(Virginia), Fugitive emissions, Volatile organ-
ic compounds, BTEX(Benzene Toluene Ethylbenze
Xylene).
PB93-100071/REB PC A12/MF A03
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Pro-
gram: Agroecosystem Monitoring and Research
Strategy.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
W. W. Heck, C. L Campbell, R. P. Breckenridge, G. E.
Byers, and A. L Finkner. May 91,262p EPA/600/4-
91/013
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC.,
and ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corval-
lis, OR. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The monitoring program described in the document is
one component of the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP). For EMAP, agroeco-
systems are defined as land used for crops, pasture
and livestock; the adjacent uncultivated land that sup-
ports other vegetation (hedgerows, woodlots, etc) and
wildlife; and the associated atmosphere, underlying
soils, groundwater, and drainage networks (first and
second order streams, ponds, and irrigation drainage
networks). A program to monitor and evaluate the
long-term status and trends of the nation's agricultural
resources from an ecological perspective through an
integrated, interagency program will be developed and
implemented. When fully implemented, the program
will: (1) estimate the current status, extent, changes
and trends in indicators of agroecosystem condition on
a regional basis with ones known confidence; (2) moni-
tor indicators of pollutant exposure and habitat quality
and seek associations between anthropogenic
stresses and agroecosystem condition; and (3) pro-
vide periodic statistical summaries and interpretive re-
ports on agroecosystem condition to the public, the
scientific community, and to policy-makers.
Keywords: 'Environmental monitoring, 'Pollution con-
trol, 'Agriculture, 'Ecosystems, Habitats, Land use,
Farm crops, Livestock, Wildlife, Soils, Streams, Irriga-
tion, Trends, Regional analysis, Statistical analysis,
Assessment, Government policies.
PB93-100105/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Metal Finish-
•no Industry.
Battelle, Columbus, OH.
Oct 92,74p EPA/625/R-92/011
Contract EPA-68-CO-0003
See also PB93-164200. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The guide provides an overview of the major metal fin-
ishing processes and operations that generate waste
and presents options for minimizing waste generation
through source reduction and recycling. A wide variety
of processes are used in the metal finishing industry,
including physical, chemical, and electrochemical
processes. Metal finishing processes generate various
waste streams, including contaminated plating baths,
spent process baths, cleaners, rinse water, miscella-
neous solid waste, solvents, and air emissions. Reduc-
ing the generation of this waste at the source or recy-
cling the wastes on or off site will benefit the metal fin-
ishing industry by reducing raw material use, reducing
disposal costs, and lowering the liabilities associated
with waste disposal.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste
management, Waste streams, Waste water, Solvents,
Exhaust emissions, Waste recycling, Materials recov-
ery, Waste treatment, Chemical finishing, Electroplat-
ing, Electrochemical coating, Source reduction, Waste
minimization.
PB93-111540/REB PC A14/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Hearth and Ecological Criteria Div.
Human Health Risk Assessment for the Use and
Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Benefits of Regula-
tion.
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Nov92,311p
Contract EPA-68-CO-0093
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Health and Ecological Criteria Div.
In support of EPA's Office of Water Abt Associates Inc.
has analyzed the baseline risks to human health for
the general population and for a highly exposed indi-
vidual (HEI) from the use and disposal of municipal
sludge. Human health risks are estimated for both the
general population and a HEI associated with current
use and disposal practices for sewage sludge. Three
methods of sewage sludge use or disposal are consid-
ered: (1) incineration, (2) land application, and (3) sur-
face disposal. For each management practice consid-
ered, the authors use mathematical models and avail-
able data to estimate human exposure and risk. Key
data include estimated concentrations of pollutants in
sewage sludge; local geology, hydrology, and weather;
the locations and behavior of human populations; and
dose-response data for each pollutant of concern.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Risk assessment,
•Public health, 'Health effects, Pollution regulations,
Sludge disposal, Incineration, Land disposal, Environ-
mental exposure pathway, Water pollution, Land pollu-
tion, Food chains, Lead(Metal), Carcinogenicity, Clean
Water Act, Land application.
PB93-164507/REB PC A09/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Life Cycle Design Guidance Manual. Environmen-
tal Requirements and the Product System. Final
rept
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. National Pollution Preven-
tion Center.
G. A. Keoleian, and D. Menerey. Jan 93,194p EPA/
600/R-92/226
See also PB93-139681 and PB93-164101. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The document seeks to promote the reduction of envi-
ronmental impacts and health risks through a systems
approach to design. The approach is based on the
product life cycle, which includes raw materials acqui-
sition and processing, manufacturing, use/service, re-
source recovery, and disposal. A life cycle design
framework was developed to provide guidance for
more effectively conserving resources and energy,
preventing pollution, and reducing the aggregate envi-
ronmental impacts and health risks associated with a
product system. The framework addresses the prod-
uct, process, distribution, and management/informa-
tion components of each product system.
Keywords: 'Service life, 'Environmental impacts,
'Waste management, Environment protection, Manu-
facturing, Raw materials, Cost analysis, Manual, 'Life-
cycle design, Environmental requirements.
PB93-183283/REB PC A08/MF A02
Guidelines for MACT Determinations under Sec-
tion1112(|) (Proposal).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 93,160p EPA/450/3-92/007A
The guidance document is designed to clarity the stat-
utory and regulatory requirements for MACT determi-
nations as required by Section 112(j) of the Clean Air
Act (the Act) as amended in 1990. It sets forth proce-
dures for determining emission limitations based on
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
maximum achievable control technology for major
sources who are required to apply for a new Title V
permit, revise an existing permit or apply for a Notice
of MACT approval because the promulgation deadline
for a MACT standard was missed by greater than 18
months for an applicable source category.
Keywords: 'Air pollution standards, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Air pollution sources, Hazardous materials. Emis-
sions, Permits, Pollution regulations, Environmental
impacts, Law enforcement, Permit applications,
*MACT(Maximum Achievable Control Technology),
Clean Air Act.
PB93-183408/REB &CA12/MFA03
Economic Growth Analysis System: Reference
Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Apr 93,260p EPA/600/R-93/067A
For system on diskette, see PB93-505469 through
PB93-505543.
The objective of the report was to describe the devel-
opment of a prototype Economic Growth Analysis Sys-
tems (E-GAS) modeling system. The E-GAS model will
be used to project emissions inventories of volatile or-
ganic compounds, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon
monoxide for ozone nonattainment areas and Region-
al Oxidation Model (ROM) modeling regions. The
report details the design and development of the E-
GAS system, and includes detailed descriptions of the
workings of the E-GAS computer modeling software,
and its relationships with internal modeling software
components, like Regional Economic Models, Inc.
(REMI) models, and external software, like ROM, the
Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS), and
the Urban Airshed Model (DAM).
Keywords: *Air pollution economics, "Economic devel-
opment, 'Economic models, Manuals, Documenta-
tion, Computerized simulation, Regional analysis,
State government. Air pollution standards, "Economic
Growth Analysis System, *EPA regions 1-10, Urban
Airshed Model, Regional Oxktent Model, Emission in-
ventories, Aarometric Information Retrieval System.
PB93-183416/REB PC A04/MF A01
Economic Growth Analysis System: User's Guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
Apr 93,60p EPA/600/R-93/067B
For system on diskette, see PB93-505469 through
PB93-50S543.
The guide is intended to function as a manual for the
Economic Growth Analysis System (E-GAS). The ob-
jective of the report was to describe the development
of a prototype E-GAS modeling system. The E-GAS
model will be used to project emissions inventories of
volatile organic compounds, oxides of nitrogen, and
carbon monoxide for ozone nonattainment areas and
Regional Oxidation Model (ROM) modeling regions.
The guide describes in detail the workings of the E-
GAS computer modeling software, and its relation-
ships with internal modeling software components, like
Regional Economic Models, Inc. (REMI) models, and
external software, like ROM, the Aerometric Informa-
tion Retrieval System (AIRS), and the Urban Airshed
Model (UAM). The guide describes all inputs and out-
puts from the software, and includes a description of
all variables used by the E-GAS system.
Keywords: "User manuals(Computer programs), "Air
pollution economics, "Economic development, "Eco-
nomic models, Documentation, Computerized simula-
tion, Regional analysis, State government, Air pollution
standards, "Economic Growth Analysis System, "EPA
regions 1-10, Urban Airshed Model, Regional Oxidant
Model, Emission inventories, Regional Economic
Models, Aerometric Information Retrieval System.
PB93-183440/REB PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pollution Prevention:
Toxte Chemical Release Inventory System Tape
Specifications GPO/NTIS Format Data Tape Doc-
umentation.
Computer Based Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
18 May 93.95p EPA/DF/MT-93/061A
Contract EPA-68-W2-0011
2 Vol. 93, No. 4
For system on magnetic tape, see PB93-505873.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pollution Prevention.
The following pages describe the Toxic Chemical Re-
lease Inventory System (TRIS) as it is transmitted on
magnetic tape. This tape is a 'flat file' representation of
the TRIS ADABAS database residing on the EPA IBM
ES/9000 located at the National Computer Center in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. There are 12
record types. The PPA data is officially collected for
RY 1991 + although there may be PPA data present
for reporting years 1987-1990.
Keywords: "Superfund, "Hazardous materials, "Toxic
substances, "Waste management. Documentation,
Chemical compounds, Specifications, Emergency
planning, Public information, Pollution regulations, In-
ventories, Facilities, Toxicity, Environmental surveys,
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know
Act.
PB93-183499/REB PC A03/MF A01
Instruction Manual for the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Information System (RCRIS) Ex-
tract Data Tapes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
30Jun93,45p
For system on magnetic tape, see PB93-592570.
The manual explains the technical characteristics of
the accompanying three IBM Standard Label tapes
which contain 'core' Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Informa-
tion System (RCRIS) data. The Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Information System (RCRIS) is a
national program management and inventory system
of RCRA hazardous waste handlers. Handlers can be
characterized as fitting one or more of the following
categories: treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDFs); large quantity generators (LQGs); small
quantity generators (SQGs); and transporters. RCRIS
captures identification and location data for all han-
dlers and a wide range of information on TSDFs re-
garding permit/closure status, compliance with Feder-
al and State regulations, and cleanup activities.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Waste disposal, User manuals(Computer
programs), Data bases, Waste treatment, Waste proc-
essing plants, Permits, Hazardous materials transpor-
tation, Waste storage, Pollution regulations, Notifica-
tion procedures, "RCRIS(Resource Conservation and
Recovery Information System).
PB93-183713/REB PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Maya Forest Key Issues and Recommendations
for Action: A Workshop Report Held In Floras,
Guatemala on February 8-9,1993.
United States Man and the Biosphere Program, Wash-
ington, DC.
Jul93,18p"
Department of State, Washington, DC. Sponsored by
Department of Energy, Washington, DC., National
Park Service, Washington, DC., and Agency for Inter-
national Development, Washington, DC.
The report is based on information drawn from the
Third Tri-national Meeting on the Maya Forest held in
Floras, Guatemala on February 8th and 9th, 1993. It is
not intended to be the minutes of the meeting, but
rather seeks to provide a synopsis of the meeting's
main conclusions and recommendations. The meeting
was co-sponsored by the U.S. Man and the Biosphere
Program's (U.S.MAB) Tropical Ecosystems Director-
ate (TED) and the Central American Commission on
Environment and Development (CCAD).
Keywords: "Forestry, "Guatemala, "Meetings, Interna-
tional cooperation, US DOS, Central America, Tropical
regions, MAB(Man and Biosphere), US AID, Maya
forest.
PB93-186096/REB
PCA11/MFA03
Supplement to the OCPSF Development Docu-
ment for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Organic
Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers Point
Source CatOQcry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Engineering and Analysis Div.
Nov 91,226p EPA/440/1-91/009A
SeealsoPB93-186104.
The document describes the supporting information
for the Agency's proposed responses to the U.S. Fifth
Circuit Court of Appeals' remand decision related to
the Organic Chemicals Plastics and Synthetic Fibers
(OCPSF) regulation (40 CFR Part 414), Chemical Man-
ufacturers Association v. Environmental Protection
Agency, 870 F.2d 177 (5th Cir.), modified, 885 F.2d
253 (5th Cir. 1989). The Court remanded three aspects
of the OCPSF guidelines: (1) the subcategorization of
the industry into two subparts imposing differing Best
Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT)
limitations because the Agency did not provide suffi-
cient notice for establishing 'less stringent' BAT Sub-
part J limitations for approximately 23 direct-discharge
plants without biological treatment, (2) limitations for
19 of the 20 BAT Subpart J pollutants (and 13 corre-
sponding Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources
(PSES)) that were based upon in-plant biological treat-
ment technology because the design of the model
treatment system used to estimate the cost of compli-
ance was inconsistent with the technical basis for the
numerical limitations, and (3) the New Source Perform-
ance Standards (NSPS) and the Pretreatment Stand-
ards for New Sources (PSNS) for consideration of
whether zero discharge limits would be appropriate for
new plants in the OCPSF industry because of the exist-
ence of recycling of wastewater.
Keywords: "Organic chemicals industry, "Plastics in-
dustry, "Synthetic fibers, "Industrial waste treatment,
"Chemical effluents, "Pollution regulations, Water pol-
lution control, Water pollution abatement, Waste
water, Point sources, Industrial plants, Water pollution
sampling, Water pollution economics, Economic
impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technology,
BATfBest available technology).
PB93-192631/REB PC A03/MF A01
Aquatic Toxicity Information Retrieval Data Base:
A Technical Support Document (Revised July
1992).
Environmental Research Lab.-Dulutn, MN.
Apr 93,25p EPA/DF/MT-93/050A,, EPA/600/C-93/
001
For system on magnetic tape, see PB93-S05725 and
PB93-505733.
The AQUIRE (AQUatic toxicity Information REtrieval)
database was established in 1981 by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Environ-
mental Research Laboratory-Duluth (ERL-D). The pur-
pose of AQUIRE is to provide quick access to a com-
prehensive, systematic, computerized compilation of
aquatic toxic effects data. As of July 1992, AQUIRE
consists of over 98,300 individual test results on com-
puter file. These tests contain information for 5,500
chemicals and 2,300 organisms, extracted from over
6,300 publications. In addition, the ERL-D data file,
prepared by the University of Wisconsin-Superior is
now included in AQUIRE. The data file consists of
acute toxicity test results for the effects of 525 organic
chemicals to fathead minnow. All AQUIRE data entries
have been subjected to established quality assurance
procedures.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Data bases, "Water pollution
effects(Plants), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Hazardous materials,
Fresh water biology, Marine biology. User
manuals(Computer programs), "AQUIRE data base.
PB93-1926S6/REB PC A24/MF A04
Resource Conservation and Recovery Informa-
tion System (RCRIS) Data Element Dictionary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Nov92,562p
For system on magnetic tape, see PB93-592570.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Waste disposal, "Dictionaries, Data bases,
Terminology, Waste treatment, Waste processing
plants, Permits, Pollution regulations, Hazardous ma-
terials transportation, Waste storage, Notification pro-
cedures, Data elements, RCRIS(Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Information Systems).
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-192698/REB PC A05/MF A01
PREscore Software: Users Manual and Tutorial
Version 2.0.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
May 93,91 p EPA/SW/DK-93/066A
For system on diskette, see PB93-505915.
The PREscore software package has been developed
to assist site assessment investigations and Hazard
Ranking System (MRS) scoring by generating a Prelim-
inary Ranking Evaluation score and associated docu-
mentation. The users manual consists of three parts.
Chapter 1, 'Getting Started', introduces you to the soft-
ware package and takes you through the procedures
necessary to install PREscore software on your com-
puter. Chapter 2, Tutorial', provides an initial step-by-
step 'hands-on' lesson in using PREscore by 'walking'
you through a series of screens, entering and editing
data. Chapter 3, 'Printing', provides instruction for
using PREprint, which performs printing functions on
PREscore site files. The manual assumes some famili-
arity with the IBM PC-type platform. Actual scoring of a
site with PREscore requires little, if any, knowledge of
the Disk Operating System (DOS).
Keywords: *Superfund, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous
materials, User manualsfComputer programs), Reme-
dial action, Site surveys, Environmental impact as-
sessments, Land pollution. Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, 'PREscore computer model, HRS(Hazard Rank-
ing System), NPL(National Priorities List),
SCDM(Superfund Chemical Data Matrix).
PB93-192748/REB PC AOS/MF A01
PRELIM Version 4.0 Users Guide. Documentation
for the EPA Computer Program for Development
of Local Discharge Limitations under the Pretreat-
ment Program. Data Tape Documentation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
May 91,86p EPA/SW/DK-93/072A
For system on diskette, see PB93-505980.
A critical part of a municipality's task in developing or
implementing a local pretreatment program is the de-
velopment or technically based numerical effluent limi-
tations (local limits) on the discharge of incompatible
pollutants to a POTW, These limitations are often in-
corporated directly into a municipal ordinance or are
applied through individual control mechanisms, such
as permits, orders, etc., issued to nondomestic users
of the POTW. Such limits are needed to enforce the
prohibited discharge standards of the General Pre-
treatment Regulations and to implement three funda-
mental objectives of the National Pretreatment Pro-
gram: to prevent the introduction of pollutants into the
POTW which could interfere with its operation; to pre-
vent pass-through of untreated pollutants which could
violate applicable water quality standards or National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) efflu-
ent limitations; to prevent the contamination of POTW
sludge which would limit the selected sludge uses or
disposal practices. Local limits supplement National
categorical standards, which are Federal technology-
based limitations, imposed on all facilities in selected
industrial categories. Local limits are necessary in
cases where an industry is not covered by categorical
standards, or where categorical standards are not
adequate to protect the POTW or receiving stream or
to prevent undue contamination of the sludge.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion standards, 'User manuals(Computer programs),
Pollution regulations, Water pollution control, Waste
water, Permits, State government, Local government,
Standards compliance, Documentation, 'PRELIM
computer program, POTW(Publicly owned treatment
works), Pretreatment.
PB93-192755/REB PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics.
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory System Tape
Specifications GPO/NTIS Format Data Tape Doc-
umentation.
Computer Based Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
23Jul93,93p
Contract EPA-68-W2-0011
For system on magnetic tape, see PB93-506020.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pollution, Prevention, and
Toxics.
The report describes the Toxic Chemical Release In-
ventory System (TRIS) as it is transmitted on magnetic
tape. There are the following 12 record types: Facility
Data; Chemical Data; Activity and Uses Data; DUNS,
EPA ID, NPDES Permit Data; SIC Code Data; Release
and Transfer Data; Summation of Release and Trans-
fer Data; Waste Treatment Data; PPA Data - Reporting
Year (RY) 1991+; PPA Data - Reporting Year (RY)
1991 +; PPA Data - Reporting Year (RY) 1991 +; PPA
Data - Reporting Year (RY) 1991+; Multiple records
can exist for types 4, 5, 6 and 8 per submission. All
records are 550 characters in length. Each field in-
cludes a definition, format, length, starting position,
and ending position.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Docu-
mentation, User manuals(Computer programs), Indus-
trial plants, Emergency planning, Pollution regulations,
Waste treatment. Waste disposal, Waste manage-
ment, 'Chemical effluents, 'Emissions inventory,
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act, Reporting requirements, Chemical emissions.
PB93-193225/REB PC A04/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management Planning Needs
and Practices: A Review of Several State Agency
Approaches.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 93,55p EPA/530/R-93/010
The purpose of the project has been to (1) identify ex-
isting and emerging state hazardous waste manage-
ment planning needs, (2) describe planning practices
designed to address these needs, and (3) relate state
observations on the relationship of their planning
needs and activities to the Federal Capacity Assur-
ance Planning (CAP) process. To identify and describe
planning needs and practices, the project targeted two
groups of states (nine publishing formal hazardous
waste management plans and nine engaged in other
forms of planning). States that prepare a formal haz-
ardous waste management plan are: Connecticut;
Michigan; Minnesota; New Jersey; New York; North
Carolina; Pennsylvania; Vermont and Washington.
Other states that do not publish a formal hazardous
waste management planning document and engage in
planning activities: Alabama; Delaware; Illinois; Massa-
chusetts, Missouri, Oregon; Texas; Utah; and Virginia.
The primary goal was to obtain a range of perspectives
associated with different environmental, economic, in-
stitutional, and public policy considerations.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
•Waste management, *States(United States), Nation-
al government, Quality assurance, Waste minimiza-
tion, Government policies, Legislation, Comparison,
Technical assistance, Geography, Economic impact,
Regulations, Compliance, US EPA,
CERCLA(Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980).
PB93-199222/REB PC A05/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series: Compilation of Information on Real-Time
Air Monitoring for Use at Superfund Sites. Final
rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
May 93, 99p EPA/451 /R-93/008
Contract EPA-68-00^0125
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The report summarizes the results of a U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA)-sponsored study to
compile and evaluate information on commercially-
available real-time air monitoring equipment for use at
Superfund sites. In the document, real-time (RT) and
near real-time (NRT) monitors are broadly defined as
those instruments or methods that provide information
either instantaneously or within a relatively short time
period (i.e., <30 minutes). The objectives of the study
were to review the available literature on real-time (RT)
air monitoring; compile a comprehensive list of real-
time and near real-time (NRT) air sampling techniques,
equipment, and vendors; contact vendors and users to
collect information on the technical specifications of
their applicable instruments; and prepare a guidance
document that summarizes the results of the study.
The available literature was reviewed to identify the
most current methods for real-time or near real-time
measurement of ambient air concentrations of toxic
pollutants commonly found at Superfund sites.
Keywords: 'Superfund, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Air pollution monitors, Air pollution sam-
pling, Particulates, Opacity, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectrometers, lonization gages, Photoioniza-
tion, Colorimetric dosimeters, 'Real-time air monitors,
Flame ionization, Volatile organic compounds.
PB93-202851/REB PC A06/MF A02
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of EMAP-Wetlands Sampling Design
Using National Wetlands Inventory Data.
Manfech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR.
N.C. Leibowitz, T. L. Ernst, N. S. Urquhart, S. Stehman,
and D. Roose. Jun 93,104p EPA/620/R-93/008
Contracts EPA-68-C8-0006, EPA-68-03-3532
See also PB91-149526 and PB92-103449. Prepared in
cooperation with Bionetics Corp., Warrenton, VA.,
State Univ. of New York Coll. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Forestry, Syracuse, and Oregon State Univ.,
Corvallis. Dept. of Statistics. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The study evaluates the EMAP classification system
and sampling design using NEI digital wetland data for
portions of Illinois, Washington, North Dakota and
South Dakota. A comparison of the EMAP classifica-
tion to the NWI classification and evaluation of the
EMAP sampling design were conducted relative to
numbers of wetlands, total areas, average areas, and
common versus rare classes. As expected, the EMAP
aggregation of NWI data resulted in fewer wetland
polygons, each with larger areas, but did not alter the
number of wetlands or the total wetland area in each
region. Summary statistics based on comparisons of
the sampling estimates to true population parameters
demonstrated the effectiveness of the EMAP sampling
design with the exception of rare wetland classes.
Rare EMAP classes, estuarine emergents, and large
wetlands (>50 ha) were usually poorly estimated, but
the EMAP design is readily adapted to provide better
estimates for these categories.
Keywords: 'Wetlands, 'Environmental monitoring,
'Ecosystems, Illinois, Washington(State), North
Dakota, South Dakota, Biological indicators, Natural
resources management, Swamps, Marshes, Estuaries,
Flood plains, EMAP(Environmental Monitoring and As-
sessment Program), NWI(National Wetland Inventory).
PB93-203156/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
X-ray Fluorescence Survey of Lead Contaminated
Residential Soils In Leadvllle, Colorado: A Case
Study.
Lockheed Environmental Systems and Technologies
Co., Las Vegas, NV.
C. A. Kuharic, W. H. Cole, A. K. Singh, and D.
Gonzales. Mar 93,31 p EPA/600/R-93/073
Contract EPA-68-CO-0049
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Many Reid Center for Environmental Studies.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The California Gulch Superfund Site in Leadville, Colo-
rado was added to the National Priority List (NPL) in
1983. It is an historic mining and smelting site that is
currently the focus of extensive studies on soil lead
contamination and bioavailability. Studies of ground
and surface water impacts are also in progress. Per-
sonnel from the Environmental Protection Agencies
(EPA) Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
at Las Vegas (EMSL-LV), the Denver office of Roy F.
Weston, Inc., and Geostat Systems, Inc. (GSI) used
field-portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) to deter-
mine the spatial distribution of lead concentrations in
residential soils. The report details the FPXRF pro-
gram sample collection, preparation, and analysis pro-
cedures, database management, and program quality
assurance efforts at Leadville. The program clearly
demonstrates that small, field portable XRF instrumen-
tation can produce large quantities of acceptable qual-
ity data in a timely and cost-efficient manner when
used properly.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), * X-ray fluorescence analy-
sis, 'Soil contamination, Soil tests, Field tests, Quanti-
tative chemical analysis, Land pollution sampling, Port-
December 1993
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
able equipment, Spatial distribution, Risk assessment,
Public health, Leadville(Colorado).
PB93-203693/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents: Evaluation
of Two Laboratory Procedures for Estimating
Performance*
Science Applications International Corp., San Diego,
J. B. Clayton, S. F. Taang, V. Frank, P. Marsden, and N.
Chau. Jul 93,147p EPA/600/R-93/113A
Contract EPA-68-C8-0062
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report presents data from studies designed to
evaluate characteristics of selected bench-scale test
methods for estimating cleaning performance of
chemical agents for removal of oil from substrate sur-
faces. Such agents have the potential to be used to
remove oil that might strand on shorelines and cause
adverse effects to impacted ecosystems. In order to
mitigate the effect of stranded oil with chemical clean-
ing agents, however, an on-scene coordinator must
have information and an understanding of perform-
ance characteristics for available cleaning agents. Per-
formance of candidate cleaning agents can be esti-
mated on the basis of laboratory testing procedures
that are designed to evaluate performance of different
agents. Data presented in the report are intended to
assist the U.S. EPA in evaluation of candidate test
methods for estimating performance of cleaning
agents. Two test methods were selected for evaluating
performance: Environment Canada's Inclined Trough
test and a Swirling Coupon test developed in the pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Dispersants, 'Cleaning agents,
Oil pollution removal, Chemical compounds, Chemical
analysis. Tests, Performance evaluation, 'Shore pollu-
tion control, Polluted beaches, Stranded oil.
PB93-203701/REB PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents for Oil Spills:
Update State-oMhe-Art on Mechanisms of Action
and Factors Influencing Performance.
Science Applications International Corp., San Diego,
CA.
J. R. Clayton. Jul 93, S7p EPA/600/R-93/1138
Contract EPA-68-C8-0062
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cm-.
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The purpose of the report is to provide an updated
review of information from the available literature for
(1) the mechanism of action of cleaning by chemical
agents for oil that strands on shorelines, (2) variables
affecting performance of these chemical agents, (3)
evaluations of laboratory tests designed to assess per-
formance of such agents, and (4) a brief consideration
of actual applications of chemical cleaning agents in
field situations. Considerations also are given to
strengths and limitations of specific laboratory tests,
including brief discussions of the applicability of test
results for estimating performance of chemical clean-
ing agents in field trials or conditions encountered in
real-world spill events. Finally, a modest attempt is
made at providing recommendations for needed re-
search in the laboratory and field for chemical cleaning
agents.
Keywords: *O» spills, 'Dispersants,' ,
Oil pollution removal, Chemical compounds, (
analysis, Tests, Performance analysis, 'Shore pollu-
tion control, Polluted beaches, Stranded oil.
PB93-203909/REB PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Radon/Radon Progeny Measurement Proficiency
lulative Proficiency Report (Revised
Program: Cumulative I
September 1887).
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sep 87,49p EPA/520/1-87/015
Contract EPA-68-01 -7350
See also PB93-107092. Errata sheet inserted. Spon-
sored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washington,
DC.
The program's immediate objective is to assist States
and the public in selecting companies that have dem-
onstrated competence in measuring indoor radon and
radon progeny. This is achieved by evaluating, on a
semiannual basis, the proficiency of companies' de-
tector operations and the quality of their data manage-
ment The companies that demonstrate their proficien-
cy are listed in the RMP proficiency reports. The pro-
gram's long-term objectives are to promote standard
measurement procedures among measurement com-
panies and to establish quality assurance procedures
for all measurement companies. The inclusion of a
company in the report should not be interpreted as a
certification or accreditation of that company. The
report is only a source of measurement companies
that have demonstrated capabilities for measuring
radon and radon progeny levels.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Radiation
monitoring, Residential buildings, Risk assessment,
Public hearth, Listings, Tables(Data), Aerosol monitor-
ing, RMP(Radon/Radon Progeny Measurement Profi-
ciency), Companies.
PB93-203917/REB PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Identification of Cost Factors for the Ocean Dis-
posal Alternative for Low-Level Radioactive
Waste.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Nuclear Waste
Research Group.
D. Hill, and V. L Sailor. Dec 94,32p EPA/520/1-84/
026
See also PB83-245498. Sponsored by Office of Radi-
ation Programs, Washington, DC.
A set of economic ground rules is proposed for making
cost comparisons between various alternative options
for disposing of low-level radioactive wastes. Included
are procedures for converting all costs to a common
basis and a description of the types of costs which
should be included. The major cost factors are identi-
fied for several alternatives for the disposal of con-
taminated soils and neutron activated metallic struc-
tures. A program for the actual cost analysis is out-
lined, and manpower estimates for the studies are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Marine disposal, 'Radioactive waste dis-
posal, 'Low-level radioactive wastes, Radionuclide mi-
gration, Cost benefit analysis, Cost comparison, Com-
parative evaluations, Ground disposal, 'Cost factors.
PB93-203974/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Fate of Priority Pollutants In Publicly Owned
Treatment Works. Pilot Study.
Bums and Roe Industrial Services Corp., Paramus, NJ.
H. Feiler. Oct 79,41p EPA/440/1-79/300
See also PB81-238024, PB83-122788 and PB83-
122796. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Effluent Guidelines Div.
The purpose of the report is to present the results of a
two-plant pilot study designed to determine future op-
erating parameters to be used during a study of the
fate of priority pollutants in publicly owned treatment
works (POTW's). The scope of the overall project is
anticipated to encompass 7-day, 24-hour sampling at
40 strategically located POTW's, representing a varie-
ty of municipal treatment technologies, size ranges,
and percentages of industrial flow. A major goal of the
project is to characterize the impact of toxic pollutants,
from all sources, on POTW operations. In addition the
effect of secondary treatment on priority pollutants will
be studied.
Keywords: 'Water pollution sampling, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, 'Path of pollutants, Sludge treatment,
Waste water, Toxic materials, Sewage treatment ef-
fluents, Industrial wastes, *POTW(Publicly owned
treatment works), Priority pollutants.
PB93-203990/REB PCA07/MFA02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Effluent
Limitations and Standards for the Gold Placer
Mining Industry.
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, KS.
Aug 85,135p EPA/440/2-85/026
Contract EPA-68-01 -6744
See also PB89-114292. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Analysis
and Evaluation.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic
impacts that are likely to result from promulgation of
the proposed best practicable control technology
(BPT), best available technology economically achiev-
able (BAT) and Best Conventional Technology (BCT)
effluent limitations and standards on placer mining in
the United States. The results of the economic impact
analysis will help establish pollution control regulations
that are economically achievable. The analysis exam-
ines how each of four alternative pollution control tech-
nologies affects the financial viability of placer mines in
the United States. The impacts examined include re-
duced profitability, production cutbacks, mine clo-
sures, and employment and earning losses, as well as
impacts to the local economies.
Keywords: 'Water pollution economics, 'Economic
impact, 'Placer mining, 'Gold, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Regulations, Standards, New source performance
standards, Alternatives, Best technology, Clean Water
Act, Profits, Closures, Employment, Production man-
agement.
PB93-204048/REB PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Investigation of Uncombusted Auto
Fuel Vapor Dispersion within a Residential Garage
Mlcroenvlronment
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
A. Lansari, J. J. Streicher, A. H. Huber, G. H. Crescenti,
and R. B. Zweidinger. 1993,8p EPA/600/A-93/123
See also PB91-136911. Prepared in cooperation with
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC., and National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Modeling Div.
Evaporative emissions from vehicles in an attached
garage may represent a significant source of indoor
pollution arid human exposure. A pilot field study was
undertaken to investigate potential in-house disper-
sion of evaporative emissions of uncombusted fuels
from a vehicle parked inside an attached garage. In a
set of experiments using sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas,
the multizonal mass balance model, CONTAM88, was
used to predict interzonal air flow rates and SF6 con-
centration distributions within the garage and house.
Several experiments were included to evaluate the
effect of meteorology and mechanical mixing mecha-
nisms on the dispersion of automobile fuel vapor.
Measurements indicated that approximately three per-
cent of the garage maximum concentration was meas-
ured in a room adjacent to the garage. The model suc-
cessfully predicted garage concentrations under well
mixed conditions, but underpredicted the measured
concentrations within various rooms of the house, in
which mixing was incomplete. Multizonal mass bal-
ance models such as CONTAM88 may be useful in ap-
proximating contaminant concentrations at various lo-
cations within the house.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Garages, 'Gasoline
vapors, 'Unbumed fuels, Air pollution detection, Fuel
tank evaporation, Motor vehicles, Sulfur hexafluoride,
Isotopic markers, Mass balance, Field tests, Air flow.
PB93-204089/REB PC A03/MF A01
Receptor Modeling of Volatile Hydrocarbons
Measured in the 1990 Atlanta Ozone Precursor
Study. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
C. W. Lewis, T. L. Conner, R. K. Stevens, J. F. Collins,
and R. C. Henry. 1993,18p EPA/600/A-93/127
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of AWMA
(86th), Denver, CO., June 13-18,1993. See also PB93-
124618. Prepared in cooperation with University of
Southern California, Los Angeles.
A very large data base of ambient non-methane hydro-
carbons (NMHC), measured in Atlanta during summer
1990, is now available. The data base includes hourly
measured ambient concentrations of C2 - C10 species
at six surface sites during July and August Chemical
Mass Balance (CMB) receptor modeling is used to de-
termine the individual contributions of several source
Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
categories to measured total NMHC at one of the cen-
tral city sites (Georgia Institute of Technology). A novel
feature of the modeling is the use of source profiles
derived from the ambient data itself through the use of
GRACE (Graphical Ratio Analysis for Composition Es-
timates) and SAFER (Source Apportionment by Fac-
tors with Explicit Restriction) methodologies. For the
purpose of emissions inventory validation the CMB re-
sults are compared to the 1990 summertime Atlanta
emissions inventory prepared by the Georgia Depart-
ment of Natural Resources.
Keywords: 'Georgia, *Air pollution monitoring, 'Air
quality data, Exhaust gases, Fuel spills. Gasoline
vapors, Pollution sources, Isoprene, Carbon monox-
ide, Computerized simulation, Data bases. Reprints,
'Non-methane hydrocarbons, Atlanta(Georgia), Vola-
tile organic compounds, Emissions inventory.
PB93-204097/REB PC A03/MF A01
Setting an Agenda for Research In the Federal
Statistical System: Needs for Statistical Disclo-
sure Limitation Procedures.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
L H. Cox, and L. V. Zayatz. 23 Apr 93,18p EPA/600/
A-93/128
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of the Census,
Washington, DC.
Many federal agencies conduct surveys and censuses
of the nation's population and institutions under a
pledge of confidentiality. They must then publicly re-
lease the gathered information in such a way that re-
sponses are not disclosed. The information may be
published in the form of microdata or of tabular data,
and, for each form, there are strategies for protecting
the data. More research into disclosure limitation for
microdata and tabular data is needed to ensure that
agencies release as much valuable information as
possible without violating the confidentiality pledge.
The paper contains an agenda for the research.
Keywords: 'Confidentiality, 'Statistical data, 'Privacy
Act, Reports, Computer privacy, 'Federal agencies,
Data processing security.
PB93-204105/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Methodology for Determination of Polycydlc Aro-
matic Hydrocarbons and Other Semlvolatile Or-
ganic Compounds In House Dust Symposium
paper.
Battelle, Columbus, OH.
J. C. Chuang, P. J. Callahan, S. M. Gordon, N. K.
Wilson, and R. G. Lewis. 1993,8p EPA/600/A-93/129
Contract EPA-68-DO-0007
See also PB92-166701. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
A small field study was conducted to evaluate the role
of smokers in the house on the levels of PAH, cotinine,
and nicotine present in house dust. Samples were col-
lected from eight houses, using the High Volume Small
Surface Sampler (HVS3) to collect carpet-embedded
dust from designated areas in the carpet in either the
living room or family room of each house. After collec-
tion, the dust samples were separated into fine (150
micrometers) and coarse fractions. Most of the dust
loading (69-85 percent) was found to be distributed in
the fine fraction. The fine dust samples were analyzed
for PAH, nicotine, and cotinine.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Dust, 'Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution sampling, Isotopic
markers, Nicotine, Smoke, Particulates, Environmental
exposure pathway, Field tests, 'Semivolatile organic
compounds, Continine, Solanesol, Smokers, Environ-
mental tobacco smoke.
PB93-204949/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effect of Selected Inhibitors on Cadmium, Nickel,
and Benzo(a)pyrene Uptake into Brown Cells of
'Mercenarla mercenaria'. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
G. Zaroogian, P. Yevich, and S. Anderson. c1992,7p
EPA/600/J-93/211 ,, ERLN-1277
Contract EPA-68-C1 -0005
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 35, p41-45,
1993. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Narragansett, Rl.
Uptake and inhibition studies were used to evaluate
mechanisms of uptake of Ni(2+), Cd(2+), and B(a)P
in the brown cells of M. mercenaria. Brown cells con-
tain one or more vesicles that have been shown to be
lysosomes. Cd(2+), Ni(2+), and B(a)P accumulation
by brown cells was concentration-dependent and inde-
pendent of time and temperature at 5 C. Metabolic in-
hibitors such as carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hy-
drazone and NaF did not inhibit their uptake. N-ethyl-
maleimide facilitated Ni(2+) and Cd(2+) uptake, but
inhibited B(a)P uptake. Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine
inhibited Ni(2+), Cd(2+), and B(a)P uptake in a dose-
dependent manner, and diethylmaleate had no effect
on Cd(2+) and B(a)P uptake, but increased Ni(2+)
uptake. Chloroquine and copper, which accumulate in
lysosomes, inhibited Ni(2+), Cd(2+), and B(a)P
uptake. Verapamil inhibited Ni(2+) and B(a)P uptake,
whereas it increased Cd uptake. The authors' results
suggest that the brown cells of M. mercenaria are ca-
pable of accumulation of soluble foreign material and
that membrane sulfhydrl groups, glutathione, and
Cd(2+) channels are active in these processes.
(Copyright (c) 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd,
England.)
Keywords: *Benzo(a)pyrene, 'Cadmium, 'Nickel,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Marine biology,
Metabolism, Cells(Biology), Calcium channels,
Copper, Chloroquine, N-ethylmaleimide, Verapamil,
Lysosomes, Temperature, Reprints, 'Mercenaria mer-
cenaria, Buthionine sulfoximine, Maleic acid/diethyl.
PB93-204964/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Partitioning of Polychlorlnated Biphenyl Con-
geners In the Seawater of New Bedford Harbor,
Massachusetts. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
3. J. Bergen, W. G. Nelson, and R. J. Pruell. c1993,7p
EPA/600/J-93/213,, ERLN-1413
Contract EPA-68-C1 -0005
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v27,
1993. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Narragansett, Rl.
The partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
between particulate and dissolved phases of seawater
was examined along a concentration gradient in New
Bedford Harbor, MA. Regression analysis was used to
examine the relationship between the log of the parti-
tion coefficients (K(sub p)) and the log of the octanol/
water partition coefficients (K(sub ow)) for six PCS co-
geners at four stations. A seasonal trend (i.e., summer-
winter) in partitioning was observed. Log (K(sub p))
was inversely correlated with temperature and to a
lesser extent with total suspended solids (TSS) at
each station. Multiple regression analysis indicated
that approximately 70 percent of the variability in log
K(sub p) along the PCB concentration gradient was ac-
counted for by temperature, log K(sub ow), and TSS.
Temperature and log K(sub ow) were equally impor-
tant in defining changes in log Kjsub p), with TSS con-
tributing the least predictive ability. (Copyright (c) 1993
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Water pollu-
tion effects, 'Particulates, 'Sea water, 'Dissolving,
Environmental transport, Massachusetts, Environmen-
tal effects, Regression analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Temperature, Sedi-
ments, Biological effects, Separation, Reprints, 'New
Bedford Harbor, 'Partitioning coefficients.
PB93-204972/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Cloning and Characterization of a Chromosomal
DNA Region Required for Growth on 2,4,5-T by
'Pseudomonas cepacla' AC 1100. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. Dept. of
Microbiology and Immunology.
R. A. Haugland, U. M. X. Sangodkar, P. R. Sferra, and
A. M. Chakrabarty. C1991,11p EPA/600/J-93/214
Contract NIEHS-ES04050-06
Pub. in Gene, v11 p66-73, 1991. See also PB90-
100520. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab., and National Inst. of Environmental Health Sci-
ences, Research. Triangle Park, NC.
A series of spontaneous 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4,5-T) nonmetabolizing mutants of Pseudo-
monas cepacia AC1100 were characterized to be de-
fective in either 2,4,5-T uptake or conversion of the
compound to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP). Two of
these mutants, RHC22 and RHC23, were comple-
mented for growth on 2,4,5-T using an AC1100 geno-
mic library constructed in the cosmid vector pCP13.
Recombinant cosmids isolated from the complement-
ed mutants contained a 27.5-kb insert which frequently
underwent various-sized deletions in Escherichia coll.
Hybridization studies showed the DNA to be of chro-
mosomal origin and totally deleted in RHC22, RKC23
and other similar mutants. Complementation analyses
of RHC22 with a series of subcloned fragments and
spontaneously deleted derivatives of the recombinant
cosmid pRHC21 showed the 2,4,5-T(tft) genes to
occur within an 8.9-kb region. Pseudomonas aerugin-
osa cells transformed with the DNA acquired the ability
to convert 2,4,5-T to 2,4,5-TCP. The genetic determi-
nant for this function was further localized within a 3.7-
kb region. The DNA, in the absence of other se-
quences from the 8.9-kb tft gene region allowed
RHC22 cells to metabolize 2,4,5-T, but at low rates
which were insufficient to support growth. (Copyright
(c) 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas cepacia, 'Bacteria DNA,
'Molecular cloning, *2-4-5-trichlorophenoxyacetic
acid, Growth, Mutations, Nucleic acid hybridization,
Cosmid, Genetic complementation test, Bacterial
genes. Gene expression, Reprints.
PB93-204998/REB PC A03/MF A01
Intel-laboratory Comparison of the Early Life-
Stage Toxlclty Test Using Sheepshead Minnows
('Cyprinodon varfegatus'). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. J. Hansen, and G. M. Cripe. C1993,24p EPA/600/J-
93/216
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment, v14
P354-375,1992. See also PB83-151993.
The intertaboratory precision of the American Society
for Testing Materials (ASTM) early life-stage toxicity
test with the Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon varie-
gatus) was investigated at five contract and two EPA
laboratories using endosulfan and pentachloroben-
zene. Each laboratory conducted two tests with each
chemical. Tests began with 24-hour-old embryos con-
tinued through embryonic development, hatching and
growth of fish to the juvenile stage and were terminat-
ed after 28 days. Effects on survival of embryos, sur-
vival of hatched fish and weight of surviving fish were
quantified. Rules were developed for judging accept-
ability of test results and for selecting the upper and
lower chronic values. Using these rules, 19 of the 28
tests (68 percent) were judged acceptable.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Minnows,
•Toxicity, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Tests,
Laboratories, Bioassay, Chlorobenzene, Endosulfan,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Growth, Weight(Mass),
Comparison, Atlantic Gulf, Life cycles, Embryos, Sur-
vival, Test methods, Acceptability, Reprints, Benzene/
pentachloro, 'Cyprinodon variegatus, Sheepshead
minnows.
PB93-205011/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Influence of Solid Surface, Adhesive Ability, and
Inoculum Size on Bacterial Colonization in Micro-
cosm Studies. Journal article.
Center of Marine Biotechnology, Baltimore, MD.
T. M. Warren, V. Williams, andM. Fletcher. C1992,8p
CONTRIB-30, EPA/600/J-93/218
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v58
n9 p2954-2959 Sep 92. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Microcosm studies were performed to evaluate the
effect of solid surfaces, bacterial adhesive ability, and
inoculum size on colonization success and persistence
of P. fluorescens or X. maltophilia, each with a Tn5 in-
sertion that conferred resistance to kanamycin and
streptomycin. In lake water enrichment microcosms,
the presence of beads appeared to influence the abili-
ties of P. fluorescens or X. maltophilia to colonize, as
numbers of both organisms were greater in micro-
cosms with beads (significant at same sampling dates
December 1993
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
at P < 0.01). However, solid surfaces did not appear
to facilitate persistence of either organisms, as their
numbers decreased with time in microcosms both with
and without beads. The adhesiveness of the bacteria,
as measured in an in vitro assay, did not relate to colo-
nization success, as P. fluorescens and X. maltophilia
colonized the microcosms to approximately the same
level, but P. fluorescens was the more adhesive strain.
In complex systems, colonization of surfaces ap-
peared to result in higher numbers of organisms, but
did not noticeably promote persistence. Adhesiveness
of a particular organism is probably a relatively minor
factor influencing its ability to colonize solid surfaces in
complex natural environments.
Keywords: 'Bacterial adhesion, ''Microbial colony
count, *Pseudomonas fluorescens, Microbial drug re-
sistance, Aquatic microbiology. In vitro analysis, Re-
prints, 'Xanthomonas maltophilia
PB93-205029/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Genetic Analysis of the aggA LOOM involved In
Agglutination and Adherence of •Pseudomonas
puttda', a Beneficial Fluorescent Pseudomonad.
Journal article.
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan.
C. R. BueH, and A. J. Anderson, ct 992,11 p PAPER-
4152, EPA/600/J-93/219
Pub. in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, vS n2
p154-162 1992. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
An isolate of Pseudomonas putkta, which rapidly ad-
heres to plant roots, is agglutinated by a glycoprotetn
from root surfaces. Agglutination is prevented and ad-
herence to the root surface is diminished by Tn5 inser-
tion in mutant 5123. Two cosmid clones from wild type
P. putida and a 2.7-kbp EcoRI-Hiodlll subdone
present to both cosmid clones restored agghrtnability
to wild type levels in transconjugants of the nonagglu-
tinabte (Agg-) TnS mutant 5123. These three clones in-
creased aggJubnabiHty in transconjugants of the paren-
tal Agg+ isolate. The 2.7-kbp EcofiUHindlll subdone
restored adherence to bean root surfaces of 5123 to
wild type tevete in a short-term binding assay. Deteton
analysis of the 2.7-kbp fragment indicated only 1.45
kbp was necessary for complementation of agglutina-
bffity in 5123. The sequence, termed the aggA locus,
contains-an open reading frame of 1,356 nudeofetes
encoding a predated 50,509-Oa protein. The distribu-
tion of the aggA locus in plant-associated bacteria, as
detected through Southern hybridization, is limited to
bacteria that express the agglutination phenotype.
Keywords: *Pseudomonas putida, •Bacterial genes,
•Agglutination, Open reading frames, Bacterial adher
sion, Deoxyribonudeic adds. Molecular sequence
data. Sequence deletion. Genetic complementation
test, Grycoproteins, Phenotype, Reprints.
PB93-205037/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.. Gulf Breeze, FL
Catataee and Superoxkto Dtsmutase of Boot-
Colonizing Sapropnytic Fluorescent PMudomon-
ads. Journal article.
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan.
J. Katsuwon, and A. J. Anderson. c1990,9p PAPER-
3994, EPA/600/J-93/220
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n11 D357&3582 Nov 90. See also PB90-264647.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL
Increased specific activities of catalase but not super-
oxide dtemutase were observed during growth of these
bacteria on components washed from root surfaces.
The specific activities of both enzymes were also regu-
lated during contact of these bacteria with intact bean
roots. Increased superoxide dfemutase and decreased
catalase activities were observed rapidly, by 10 min
upon inoculation of cells onto intact bean roots. Cata-
lase specific activity increased with time to peak at 12
h before declining. By 48 h, the cells displayed this tow
catalase but maintained high superoxide dismutase
specific activities. Catalase with a tow specific activity
and a high superoxide dismutase activity also were
present in extracts of cells obtained from 7-day-oM
roots colonized from inoculum applied to seed. The
specific activity of superoxide dismutase of root-con-
tacted cells was about fourfokf-nigher in comparison to
ceHs grown on rich medium, whereas the specific ac-
tivity for catalase was reduced about fivefold. A single
catalase isozyme, isozyme A, and one isozyme of su-
peroxide dismutase, isozyme 1, were detected during
growth of the bacteria on root surface components
and during exposure of cells to intact bean roots for 1
h. An additional catalase, isozyme B, was detected
from bacteria after exposure to the intact bean roots
for 12 h. Catalase isozyme A and superoxide dismu-
tase isozyme 1 were located in the cytoplasm and cat-
alase band B was located in the membrane of P.
putida. (Copyright (c) 1990, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Catalase, 'Superoxide dismutase, *Pseu-
domonas putida, * Pseudomonas fluorescens, *Bean
plants, Isoenzymes, Microbial colony count Carbon,
Polyacrylamide gel etectrophoresis, Reprints.
PB93-205045/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Influence of Root Colonizing Bacteria on the De-
fense Responses of Bean.
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan.
R. E. Zdor, and A. J. Anderson. c1992,11 p PAPER-
4148, EPA/600/J-93/221
Pub. in Plant and Soil 140, p99-107 1992. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Systemic effects of root inoculation by Pseudomonas
putida isolate Corvallts, P. tolaasii (PSA) and P. aureo-
faciens REW1-I-1 were observed in bean leaves from
14-day-oW plants. SOS- polyacrylamide gel etectro-
phoresis demonstrated that levels of certain acid-solu-
ble proteins increased in the leaf extracts of inoculated
plants. Plants inoculated with REW1-I-1 produced
more of a 57 M(r) protein, and plants inoculated with
isolates P9A and REW1-I-1 produced more of a 38
M(r) protein. Northern hybridization revealed en-
hanced accumulation of mRNAs, that encode the
inoculated with P. putida and REW1-I-1. Only REW1-I-
1, but not P9A or P. putida induced symptoms of an hy-
persensitive response on tobacco leaves, bean cotyle-
dons, and in bean suspension cultures. Phenolics and
phytoatexins accumulated in bean cotyledons ex-
posed to REW1 -1-1 for 24h but little change in levels of
these compounds occurred in cotyledons inoculated
with P9A and P. putida. Both suspension culture cells
and roots treated with REW1-I-1 rapidly evolved more
hydrogen peroxide than those exposed to P9A and P.
putida. However, roots from 14-day-okJ plants colo-
nized by P9A, P. putida or REW1-I-1 did not have
higher levels of phenolics, pnytoatexins or mRNAs for
two enzymes involved in phenolic biosynthesis, pheny-
lalanine-ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase. A se-
lective induction of plant defense strategies upon root
colonization by certain pseudomonads is apparent
(Copyright (c) 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas. 'Bean plants, 'Microbial
colony count Rfconudefc adds, Nucleic acid hybrid-
ization, Chemiluminescence, Phenols, Perondases,
Pseudomonas putida. Reprints, 'Plant immunology,
Phaseolus vukjaris, Pseudomonas tolaasii, Pseudo-
monas aureofactens.
PB93-205052/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Characterization of Catalase ActMttss In a Root-
Colonizing Isolate of •Pseudomona* putida' (Re-
vised). Journal article.
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan.
J. Katsuwon, and A. J. Anderson. C1991,9p PAPER-
4175, EPA/600/J-93/222
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology 38, p1026-1032
1992. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Gulf Breeze, FL
Pseudomonas putida, a saprophyte root-colonizing
bacterium, produces multiple forms of catalase. Cata-
lase A, which increases in specific activity during
growth phase and after treatment with H2O2, is locat-
ed in the cytoplasm and is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-
triazote, EDTA, and cyanide, but not by chkxoform-
methanol treatment Catalase B, which is induced by
external H2O2 or during stationary phase of growth, is
membrane associated and is inhibited by chToroform-
methanol, EDTA, and cyanide, but not by amtnotria-
zote. Catalase A has a broad pH optimum, from pH 6.0
to 11.0, with two peaks, at pH 8.0 and 11.0. Catalase B
is most active at pH 5.0-11.0 Mutant J-1, generated by
ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, lacked catalase
A activty in extracts of cells harvested throughout lag
to early stationary growth phase in liquid medium. Cat-
alase B was produced by J-1 in stationary phase. Ex-
posure of J-1 to H2O2 caused the production of both
catalase A and catalase B. Mutant J-1 was more sus-
ceptible to cell death than the wild type upon direct ex-
posure to 2.5 mM H2O2 but survived the treatment
after exposure to lower (0.3 mM), nonlethal doses of
H2O2. The ability to adapt to H2O2 may be related to
the behavior of J-1 on roots where active oxygen spe-
cies are produced by root surface enzymes. J-1 colo-
nized root surfaces at wild-type levels and produced
catalases A and B after exposure to root surfaces for
12h.
Keywords: 'Catalase, *Pseudomonas putida,
*Plants(Botany), Microbial colony count, Isoenzymes,
pH, Hydrogen peroxide, Peroxidases, Mutations, Re-
prints.
PB93-205078/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Use of Autoradlography to Assess Viability of
'Helteobacter pylori' in Water. Journal article.
Maryland Biotechnology Inst., Baltimore.
M. Shahamat, U. Mai, C. Paszko-Kolva, M. Kessel, and
R. R. Colwell. C1993,7p EPA/600/J-93/224
Grant NSF-BSR-9020268
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v59
n4 p1231-1235 Apr 93. Prepared in cooperation wrth
Maryland Univ., Coljege Park. Dept. of Microbiology.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL., and National Science Foundation, Wash-
ington, DC.
Auloradiographic methods have been developed to
detect metabolic activity of viable but nonculturable
cells of Helfcobacter pylori in water. Four strains of H.
pylori were studied by using microcosms containing
suspensions of 72-h cultures in water. The suspen-
sions of aged, nonculturable cells of H. pylori were in-
cubated with ((-3)H)thymidine for 24 to 72 h, after
which the cell suspensions were exposed to Kodak
NTB2 emulsion for 3 to 28 days. Each sample was
processed with three separate controls to rule out
false-positive reactions. The organism remains viable
and cultivable under these conditions for up to 48 h
and, in some cases, 20 to 30 days, depending on phys-
ical conditions of the environment. The authors found
that temperature was a significant (P < or = 0.01) en-
vironmental factor associated with the viability of H.
pylori cells in water. Autoradiographs of tritium-labeled
cells of H. pylori revealed aggregations of silver grains
associated with uptake by H. pylori of radiolabelled
substrate. Findings based on the autoradiographic ap-
proach give strong evidence supporting the hypothesis
that there is a waterborne route of infection for H.
pylori. The possibility that H. pylori may persist in water
in a metabolically active stage but not actively growing
and dividing is intriguing and relevant to public health
concerns. (Copyright (c) 1993, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Helicobacter pylori, *Autoradiography,
•Aquatic microbiology, Cell survival, Temperature, Po-
table water, Helicobacter infections, Metabolism,
Public health, Reprints.
PB93-205086/REB PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Benthlc Distribution of Sewage Sludge indicated
by 'Ctostridlum perfrlngens' at a Deep-Ocean
Dump Site. Journal article.
Center of Marine Biotechnology, Baltimore, MD.
R. T. Hill, I. T. Knight M. S. Anikis, and R. R. Colwell.
C1993,5p EPA/600/J-93/225
Contract NA16RU0217-01
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v59
n1 D47-51 Jan 93. Prepared in cooperation with James
Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, VA. Dept. of Biology.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Rockville, MD.
Oostridium perfringens in sediment samples collected
at the Deep Water Municipal Sewage Sludge Disposal
Site (also called the 106-Mile Site), off the coast of
New Jersey, was enumerated. The counts of C. per-
fringens found in sediment samples collected within
and to the southwest of the 106-Mile Site were signifi-
cantly elevated (P. < 0.01) compared with counts of
samples from reference stations of similar depth
(2,400 to 2,700 m), topography, and distance from the
continental shelf, indicating that the benthic environ-
ment was contaminated by sewage dumping at the
site. Low counts of C. perfringens in sediment samples
collected at stations between the base of the conti-
Vol. 93, No. 4
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nental shelf and the 106-Mile Site indicated that coast-
al runoff was not a significant source of contamination.
Elevated counts were observed for samples up to 92
km to the southwest, whereas low counts were ob-
tained for samples from stations to the east of the 106-
Mile Site. The distribution is consistent with previous
model predictions of sludge deposition. In areas heavi-
ly impacted by sludge dumping, C. perfringens counts
were generally highest in the top 1 cm of sediment and
exceeded 9,000 CPU g (dry weight) of sediment. The
patterns of C. perfringens dispersal observed in the
study have proved useful for selection of heavily im-
pacted areas and control stations for further ecological
evaluation by a multidisciplinary research team. (Copy-
right (c) 1993, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
'Sewage sludge, 'Water pollution effects, 'Benthos,
Aquatic ecosystems, Biological indicators, Sediments,
Environmental effects, Water quality, Reprints, 'Clos-
tridium perfringens.
PB93-205102/REB PC A02/MF A01
Formation of Carbon Monoxide from the Photo-
degratlon of Terrestrial Disserved Organic Carbon
In Natural Waters. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. L. Valentine, and R. G. Zepp. C1993,6p EPA/600/
J-93/227
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v27
n2 p409-412 Feb 93. See also AD-A221119. Prepared
in cooperation with Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil
and Environmental Engineering.
The photochemical formation of carbon monoxide
(CO) in water samples obtained from wetlands, lakes,
and near-coastal/shelf areas and in aqueous solutions
of soil organic matter was investigated. All of these
samples contained dissolved organic matter that was
largely derived from terrestrial sources. The studies
show that, although the water samples had widely
varying optical properties and CO photoproduction
rates, the efficiencies for photochemical Op formation
were remarkably similar in all waters examined. Model
calculations further indicated that photodegradation of
terrestrial dissolved organic matter (e.g., in wetland
and near-coastal environments) may be an important
global source of carbon monoxide and a key process
in cycling of dissolved organic matter in these environ-
ments.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, 'Air pollution, 'Organic matter, 'Natural emis-
sions, Greenhouse gases, Air water interactions, Wet-
lands, Lakes, Photodegradation, Global aspects,
Carbon cycle, Reprints.
PB93-205110/REB PC A02/MF A01
FATE, the Environmental Fate Constants Informa-
tion Database. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
H. P. Kollig, B. E. Kitchens, and K. J. Hamrick. c1993,
6p EPA/600/J-93/228
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences, v33 n1 p131-134 Jan 93. See also PB89-
138796 and PB91-216192. Prepared in cooperation
with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA.
An online database, FATE, has been developed for the
interactive retrieval of kinetic and equilibrium con-
stants that are needed for assessing the fate of chemi-
cals in the environment. The database contains values
for up to 12 parameters for each chemical. As of De-
cember 1991, FATE contained values for about 200
chemicals. FATE is unique in that experimental data
are extracted only from primary references. Pertinent
experimental conditions are included in the database
to support the credibility and applicability of a value.
Transformation products are included when they are
available. A new computer program is used to extrapo-
late measured hydrolysis rate constant data to a
standard format. Acidic, basic, and neutral contribu-
tions are combined to calculate the overall hydrolysis
rate constant, and the half-life of the chemical at 25
deg C and pH 7. The data are reported as second-
order acidic and basic rates and a first-order neutral
rate at 25 deg C. A new computerized expert system
will be applied to compute fate constant values that
are more reliable than many measured values. The
expert system has the capability of crossing chemical
boundaries to cover all organic compounds. (Copyright
(c) 1993 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Environmental transport, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Path of pollutants, 'Information systems,
Pollution sources, Reaction kinetics, Hydrolysis, pH,
Expert systems, Chemical equilibrium, Reprints,
'FATE data base.
PB93-20S128/REB PC A03/MF A01
Possible Influence of Hydrogen Concentration on
Mlcroblal Methane Stable Hydrogen Isotopic
Composition. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. A. Burke. C1993,15p EPA/600/J-93/229
Pub. in Chemosphere, v29 n1-4 p55-67 Apr 93. See
alsoPB92-217181.
Factors affecting the stable hydrogen isotopic compo-
sition (delta D) of important sources of microbial meth-
ane to the atmosphere include oxidation, methano-
genic precursor (e.g., acetate vs. CO2/H2), and the
delta D of the environmental water. Variations in hy-
drogen gas concentrations or rates of interspecies hy-
drogen transfer resulting from variations in organic
matter degradation rates may also affect delta D-CH4.
Methane produced via CO2 reduction by laboratory
cultures was more D-depleted than methane produced
in shallow marine sediments from CO2/H2. The dis-
solved hydrogen gas concentration in that laboratory
culture was about 1mM; whereas, hydrogen concen-
trations in methane-zone sediments typically range be-
tween 10 and 100 nM. The relatively greater hydrogen
isotope fractionation in the culture appears to result
from the incorporation into methane of protons that
are produced intracellularty from the hydrogenase-
catalyzed oxidation of hydrogen gas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Methane, 'Hydrogen iso-
topes, 'Microbial degradation, Organic matter, Natural
emissions, Combustion products, Pollution sources,
Atmospheric chemistry, Sediments, Carbon dioxide,
Carbon isotopes, Oxidation, Wetlands, Chemical reac-
tions, Reprints.
PB93-205136/REB
PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Contaminant Propagation In Drlnklng-
Water Distribution Systems. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. M. Dark, W. M. Grayman, R. M. Males, and A. F.
Hess. C1993,18p EPA/600/J-93/230
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v119 n2
P349-364 Mar/Apr 93. See also PB91-196410. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Grayman (W.M.) Consulting
Engineers, Cincinnati, OH., RMM Technical Services,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH., and South Central Connecticut
Regional Water Authority, New Haven.
The Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments
(SDWAA) will pose a massive challenge for the drink-
ing-water industry in the United States. As the SDWAA
regulations reach implementation, increasing effort will
be devoted to understanding the factors causing dete-
rioration of water quality between treatment and con-
sumption. A cooperative study involving the U.S. EPA,
the University of Michigan, and the South Central Con-
necticut Regional Water Authority (RWA) demonstrat-
ed and validated the use of modeling techniques in the
RWA distribution system. Models are used to predict
the propagation of chlorine residual in one portion of
the RWA system. It is found that residuals varied
widely both spatially and temporally. Long residence
times in storage tanks caused residual disinfection
concentrations to be low or nonexistent during dis-
charge cycles. It was found that system operation has
a significant effect on the distribution and concentra-
tion of chlorine residuals in the system. (Copyright (c)
1993ASCE.)
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Distribution systems,
'Water quality management, Path of pollutants, Water
supply, Water utilities, Potable water, Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Reprints, Safe Drinking Water
Act
PB93-205144/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Alternating Current Electrocoagulatlon for Super-
fund Site Remediation. Journal article.
Electro-Pure Systems, Inc., Amherst, NY.
N. P. Barkley, C. W. Farrell, and T. W. Gardner-
Clayson. C1993,8p EPA/600/J-93/231
Grant EPA-R-816205
Pub. in Jnl. of Air and Waste Management Association,
1993. See also PB-143 652. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The technical and economical feasibility of alternating
current electrocoagulation (ACE) was evaluated for a
2-year period. ACE is an electrochemical technology
where highly-charged aluminum polyhydroxide spe-
cies are introduced into aqueous media for the remov-
al of suspended solids, oil droplets, and soluble ionic
pollutants. ACE can break stable aqueous colloidal
suspensions of up to 10% total solids and stable emul-
sions containing up to 5% oil. Major operating param-
eters have been defined for different classes of ef-
fluents based on experimental results using complex
synthetic soil slurries and metals. Test results indicate
that ACE produces aqueous and solid separations
comparable to those produced by chemical flocculent
additions, but with reduced filtration times and sludge
volumes. The technology has application where re-
moval of soluble and suspended pollutants from ef-
fluents is required, and in the recovery of fine-grained
products from process streams. The technology how-
ever, has not yet been demonstrated at full-scale for
Superfund site remediation. Summarized are the prin-
cipal results of the SITE research program and results
of ACE treatment on some different classes of industri-
al effluents, not part of the SITE Program.
Keywords: 'Electrocoagulation, 'Hazardous materials,
•Waste treatment. Remediation, Flocculation, Waste
processing. Slurries, Metals, Aqueous solutions, Alter-
nating current, Electrochemistry, Reprints, Treatment
technology.
PB93-205169/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. Micro-
bial Ecology and Biotechnology.
Molecular Basis of Blodegradation of Chloroaro-
matic Compounds. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Chicago. Dept. of Microbiology and Im-
munology.
U. M. X. Sangodkar, T. L. Aldrich, T. L. Haugland, R. A.
Johnson, and R. K. Rothmel. C1989,18p EPA/600/J-
93/234
Grants EPA-R812660, NIEHS-ES-04050-3
Pub. in Acta Biotechnology, v9 n4 p301-316 1989.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL. Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, and
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons are widely used in
industry and agriculture and comprise the bulk of envi-
ronmental pollutants. Although simple aromatic com-
pounds are biodegradable by a variety of degradative
pathways, their halogenated counterparts are more re-
sistant to bacterial attack and often necessitate evolu-
tion of novel pathways. An understanding of such evo^
lutionary processes is essential for developing geneti-
cally improved strains capable of mineralizing highly
chlorinated compounds. The article provides an over-
view of the genetic aspects of dissimilation of chloroar-
omatic compounds and discusses the potential of
gene manipulation to promote enhanced evolution of
the degradative pathways.
Keywords: 'Biodegradation, 'Chlorinated aromatic hy-
drocarbons, 'Biochemistry, Microorganisms, Enzymat-
ic hydrolysis, Biochemical reaction kinetics, Enzyme
activity, Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB93-205177/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Repeated Sequences Including RS1100 'Pseudo-
monas cepacla' AC1100 Function as IS Elements.
Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. Dept. of
Microbiology and Immunology.
R. A. Haugfand, U. M. X. Sangodkar, and A. M.
Chakrabarty. c1990,9p EPA/600/J-93/235
Grant PHS-ES-04050-04
Pub. in Molecular and General Genetics, v220 p222-
228, 1990. See also PB90-100520. Sponspred by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab., and National Inst. of Envi-
ronmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Several lines of evidence were obtained that the previ-
ously identified, repeated sequence RS1100 of Pseu-
December 1993
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
domonas cepacia strain AC1100 undergoes transposi-
tion events. DNA sequences flanking the chkxohy-
droxy hydroquinone (CHQ) degradative genes of the
organism were examined from sources, including sev-
eral independently isolated cosmid clones from an
AC1100 genomic library and genomic DMAs of two in-
dependently maintained wild-type AC1100 isolates.
Hybridization and restriction endonuclease mapping
studfes revealed these sequences to be similar except
for their numbers and distributions of RS1100 copies.
A recombinant plasmid containing the immediate chq
gene region and excluding any copies of RS1100 was
conjugated into AC1100 mutant RHA5 which was
shown to have undergone a deletion of its correspond-
ing DMA. Hybridization and restriction mapping analy-
ses of several reisolated plasmids revealed the pres-
ence of RS1100 sequences at different positions
within either the vector or insert portions. One such
plasmid contained tandem copies of RS1100 with an
intervening DNA sequence also of AC1100 origin.
(Copyright (c) Springer-Vertag 1990.)
Keywords: •Pseudomonas cepacia, 'Nucleic acid re-
petitive sequences, •Bacterial DNA, Restriction map-
ping, Nucleic acid hybridnatton. Gene expression,
DNA insertion elements, Plasmids, Molecular cloning,
Reprints. <>torohydrc*yhydroquinone.
PB93-205185/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Degradation of the Chlorinated Phanoxyaoatete
»»rb>cld«» 2,4-Dtchlorophenoxyacetic Add and
%4>Trlchlorophenoxy*Mtfc Add by Punt and
Mbmd Bacterial Cuttur**. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. Dept of
Microbiology and Immunology.
R. A. Haugland, D. J. Schtemm. R. P. Lyons, P. R.
Sferra, and A. M. Chakrabarty. c1990.8p EPA/600/J-
93/236
Grant PHS-ES-O4050-O4
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology. v56
n5 p1357-1362 May 90. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency. Cincinnati. OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab., and National lost of Environmental
Health Sciences. Research Triangle Park. NC.
Combined cell suspensions of the 2.4.5-tricWorophen-
oxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) metabolizing organism Pseu-
domonas cepacia AC1100, and the 2,4-Schlorophen-
oxyacetic acid (2,4-O)-me1abolizing organism AteaH-
genes eutrophus JMP134 were shown to effectively
degrade either of these compounds provided as single
substrates. These combined cell suspensions, howev-
er, poorly degraded mixtures of the two compounds
provided at the same concentrations. Growth and via-
bility studfes revealed that such mixtures of 2,4-D and
2,4,5-T were toxic to AC1100 alone and to combina-
tions of AC1100 and JMP134. High-pressure liquid
chromatography analyses of culture supematants of
AC1100 incubated with 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T revealed the
accumulation of chlorohydroquinone as an apparent
dead-end cataboHe of 2,4-D and the subsequent ac-
cumulation of both 2,4-dtttorophenol and 2,4,5-trich-
kxophenoL JMP134 ceHs incubated in the same
medium dkl not catabofize 2.4.5-T and were also inWb-
ited in initiating 2,4-D cataboSsm. A new derivative of
strain ACl 100 was constructed by the transfer into the
organism of the 2,4-D-degradative plasmid pJP4 from
strain JMP134. The new strain, designated RHJ1, was
shown to efficiently degrade mixtures of 2,4-D and
2.4.5-T through the simultaneous metabolism of these
compounds. (Copyright (c) 1990, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: •Biodeterioration, 'Herbicides. '2-4-dfch-
torophenoxyacetjc acid, *2-4-5-tricriloroprienoxyacetic
acid. 'AteaKgenes, •Pseudomonas cepacia. Growth.
Liquid chromatography. Transfection, Reprints.
PBtt-205383/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Emerging Technology Report Destruction of Or-
ganto Contaminants hi Air Using Advanced UNra-
vtotet nasNamp*.
Purus, Inc., San Jose. CA.
M. D. Johnson, W.Haag, P. G.Bytetone, and P.P.
Daley. Jun 93,41p EPA/540/R-93/516
Grant EPA-R-818209-01 -0
Prepared in cooperation with Lawrence Uvermore Na-
tional Lab., CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineer-
ing Lab.
The paper describes a new process for photo-oxida-
tion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air using
an advanced ultraviolet source, a Purus xenon flash-
lamp. Two full scale air emissions control systems for
trichkxoethane (TCE) were constructed at Purus and
tested at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
(LLNL) Superfund Site. The systems were operated at
flash frequencies of 1-30 Hz, temperatures of 33-60 C,
flows up to 300 scfm (260 ppmv TCE) and concentra-
tions up to 10,600 ppmv (100 scfm). Residence times
ranged from 5 to 75 seconds. In all cases except the
lowest flash frequency, greater than 99% removal of
TCE was observed.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment 'Flash
lamps. •Ultraviolet radiation, Photooxioation, Photoly-
sis, Photochemistry, Luminous intensity, Quantum effi-
ciency, Volatile organic compounds, Ethane/trichloro.
PBS3-205508/REB PC A99/MF A06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Technical Background Document for the Great
Lakes Water Quality Guidance Implementation
Procedure* Compliance Cost Study.
Science Applications International Corp.. Falls Church,
P. Parikh, K. Fermer, M. Podar, and B. Snyder. 16 Apr
93,618p
Contract EPA-68-C8-0066
See also PB93-154730 and PB93-505402. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The document presents the detailed results of the
evaluations performed to estimate the compliance
costs related to the proposed Great Lakes Water
Quality Guidance. Specifically, the document provides
the results of the individual evaluations performed on
the 59 sample facilities selected to represent the direct
discharges to the Great Lakes System.
Keywords: 'Cost estimates. 'Water pollution stand-
ards, 'Water quality management, •Great Lakes,
Waste depose!, Facilities, Monitoring, Mining, Corpo-
rations. Food industry. Paper industry. Chemical indus-
try, Organic chemicals. Petroleum retiring, Industrial
wastes. Performance evaluation. Compliance, Public
utilities. Licenses, Discharge(Water).
PB93-205S32/REB PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Enajneering Lab.
Technology Evaluation naoorfc PRot-Scate Dem-
onstration of a Slurry-Phase Biological Reactor
for CrMMOte-Corriamlnatod Soft Volume 1.
IT Corp.. Cincinnati, OH.
M. Donsani. Mar 93,181 p EPA/540/5-91/009
Contract EPA-68-C9-0036
See also PB92-129683. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The report documents a pilot-scale test of a slurry-
phase biological reactor for treatment of creosote-con-
taminated soil. The technology used was a reactor
system in which an aqueous sJunry of soil was mixed
with appropriate nutrients and seeded with micro-orga-
nisms to enhance the bbdegradation process. In the
12-wk study, a creosote-contaminated soil from the
Burington Northern Superfu
jsed to test the skjrry-ph
previous-performed bench-scale study were
uperfund Site in Brainerd, I
phase reactors. The results
was used to test the s
used to optimize a pilot-scale reactor system. Each re-
actor contained 64 I of 30% slurry (soil: water, w/v).
The pilot-scale phase utilized an inoculum of indige-
nous poMmdear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) de-
graders (9.3 x 10 to the 7th power CFU/g of soil), an
inorganic nitrogen supplement in the form of NH4(-N),
and a media broth containing potassium, phosphate,
magnesium, calcium, and iron. The reduction of total
PAHs exceeded 87%. The report presents detailed in-
formation concerning the operation, sampling and
analysis, and results achieved with the pilot-scale
slurry-phase bioremediation system.
Keywords: 'Biological treatment, 'Creosote, 'Soils,
•Superfund, 'Waste treatment, Slurries, Waste dis-
posal, Biodeterioration, Chlorine organic compounds,
Aromatic porycyctic hydrocarbons, Bench-scale ex-
periments. Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Reduction,
Cost effectiveness, Remedtel action, Phenol/pentach-
toro.
PB93-205540/REB PC A13/MF A03
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on
Carbon Cycling In Boreal Forest and Sub-Arctic
Ecosystems: Btospherlc Responses and Feed-
backs to Global Climate Change.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept of Civil Engineer-
T^S. Vison, and T. P. Kolchugina. May 93,292p EPA/
600/R-93/084
See also PB93-191484. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
In recognition of the need to assess the effect of
tundra, peat lands and boreal forests on terrestrial
carbon dynamics, an international workshop (with par-
ticipants from the USA, Canada, the former Soviet
Union and other boreal forest and sub-arctic countries)
was convened with the following objectives: identify
available tools and methods that may be used to pro-
vide extensive, early evaluation of responses and
feedbacks in boreal forest and sub-arctic ecosystems;
identify available carbon dynamics data and models
that may be used to conduct preliminary analyses of
carbon cycling and sequestering patterns in boreal
forest and sub-arctic ecosystems and establish carbon
budgets for boreal and sub-arctic countries; identify
the necessary elements of a framework to establish
the carbon budget for a boreal forest and/or sub-arctic
country.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Carbon cycle, 'Terrestrial eco-
systems, Boreal regions, Subarctic, Tundra, Forests,
Bkxnass, Carbon sinks, Ecological succession, Climat-
ic changes, Greenhouse effect, Forest soils.
PB93-20S557/REB PC A10/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Characterization of the Organic Emissions from
the Thermal Destruction of CFCs. Final rept. Jan
92-Apr 93.
Acurex Environmental Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
J. V. Ryan. Jun 93,221 p REPT-8421.356
Contract EPA-68-DO-0141
See also PB84-170042, PB90-116955, PB92-126952
and PB92-150432. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
A 293 kW (1 million Btu/h) incinerator was made avail-
able to the EPA for the characterization, which focused
on determining the destruction efficiencies (DEs) and
major products of incomplete combustion (PlCs) for
each CFC evaluated. Sampling was performed to
screen for volatile and semivolatile organic emission
products including chlorinated aliphatics, chloroben-
zenes, chtorophenols, polycrtlorinated dibenzodioxins
and furans (PCODs and PCDFs), and polyaromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs). Results indicate that 99.999% DE
can be achieved at a CFC-11 feed rate as high as 69%
by mass. The formation of volatile and semivolatile or-
ganic PICs was minimal. 'Less than' concentrations
are presented for target analytes not detected.
Keywords: 'Combustion efficiency, 'Incinerators,
'Freons, 'Air pollution sampling, Waste disposal,
Ruorohydrocarbons, Chtorohydrocarbons, Combus-
tion products, Aromatic polycydic hydrocarbons, De-
struction, Thermal afterburners.
PB93-205581/REB PC A06/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Incentive Anafyrts for Clean Water Act Reauthor-
tzatton: Point Source/Nonpoint Source Trading
for Nutrient Discharge Reductions.
Apogee Research, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
M. Luttner, R. Kashmanian, and M. Podar. Apr 92,
124p
Contract EPA-68-CO-0083
See also PB92-231620. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation.
The report examines effluent trading as one option to
achieve water quality objectives at least cost. Although
it can take many different forms, effluent trading in
principle allocates reductions in pollutant loadings
across point and nonpoint sources using least cost as
the criterion. White several options are discussed, the
paper focuses principally on trading schemes in which
regulated point sources are allowed to avoid upgrading
8 Vol. 93, No. 4
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
their pollution control technology to meet water qual-
ity-based effluent limits if they pay for equivalent (or
greater) reductions in nonpoint source pollution within
their watersheds. The report focuses on nutrient trad-
ing because trading programs to date have dealt with
pollutants of this type and because of the large
number of difficult issues specific to trades involving
toxic pollutants.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Incentives,
'Point sources, 'Nonpoint sources, 'Water pollution
control, Nutrients, Clean Water Act, Alternatives, Im-
plementation, Cost analysis, Watersheds, Discharge
measurement, Requirements, Pollution regulations,
'Effluent trading.
PB93-205672/REB PC A11 /MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Proceedings: Galveston Bay Characterization
Workshop. Held on February 21-23,1991.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
F. S. Shipley, and R. W. Kiesling. Mar 92,235p*
GBNEP-6
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The fifty-six short papers composing the proceedings
represent the concerted work of numerous scientists
with a knowledge of, and concern for, Galveston Bay.
These papers are the result of an invitation to the sci-
entific community for contributions centered on estua-
rine problems already identified and agreed upon by
consensus as a Galveston Bay Priority Problems List.
Reports on work in progress were encouraged, as well
as completed projects. These contributions have
helped successfully accomplish four broad goals: first,
to identify scientific work on Galveston Bay being con-
ducted by institutions other than the GBNEP; second,
to promote peer interaction amount the principle inves-
tigators involved in the research; third, to improve the
understanding of estuarine problems in need of man-
agement solutions; and finally, to encourage project
coordination in an ecosystem context.
Keywords: 'Coastal zone management, 'Gulf coast,
'Texas, 'Galveston Bay, Estuaries, Ecosystems, Re-
search management, Oil pollution, Aquatic ecosys-
tems, Pollution control, Meetings, Proceedings.
PB93-205680/REB PC A08/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulatory Effectiveness Study for the Armand
Bayou Coastal Preserve.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
G. Mitchell, and D. Windsor. Dec 91,171p* GBNEP-13
See also PB91-230300 and PB91-230979. Prepared in
cooperation with Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of
Administration, Houston, TX. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The report contains a description and evaluation of es-
sential regulatory activities governing Christmas Bay
and its watershed. The report will be used in manage-
ment planning for the preserve, and will also contribute
to the baseline regulatory data for developing the Gal-
veston Bay Comprehensive Conservation and Man-
agement Plan. A companion report was prepared for
the Armand Bayou Coastal Preserve.
Keywords: 'Coastal zone management, 'Gulf coast,
'Texas, 'Galveston Bay, Estuaries, Pollution regula-
tions, Natural resources management, Law enforce-
ment, Interagency cooperation, Public administration,
Environmental protection, Point sources, Wetlands,
Storm water runoff.
PB93-205698/REB PC A09/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulatory Effectiveness Study for the Christmas
Bay Coastal Preserve.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
G. Mitchell, and D. Windsor. Dec 91,196p* GBNEP-14
See also PB91-230151 and PB91-230185. Prepared in
cooperation with Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of
Administration, Houston, TX. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
The report contains a description and evaluation of es-
sential regulatory activities governing Armand Bayou
and its watershed. The report will be used in manage-
ment planning for the preserve, and will also contribute
to the baseline regulatory data for developing the Gal-
veston Bay Comprehensive Conservation and Man-
agement Plan. A companion report was prepared for
the Christmas Bay Coastal Preserve.
Keywords: 'Coastal zone management, 'Texas, 'Gulf
Coast, 'Galveston Bay, Estuaries, Environmental
management, Pollution regulations, Interagency coop-
eration, Public administration, Law enforcement, Envi-
ronmental protection, Natural resources, Point
sources, Wetlands, Runoff, Landfills, Christmas Bay.
PB93-205706/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Shoreline Survey for Unpermitted Discharges to
Galveston Bay.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
R. R. Fay, S. Sweet, and R. J. Wilson. Aug 91, 50p*
GBNEP-12
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station. Geochemical and Environmental Re-
search Group. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The objectives of the study are to identify and map un-
permitted point source discharges within selected
shoreline segments of Galveston Bay and to develop a
standard methodology and framework for future com-
prehensive shoreline surveys of the Galveston Bay
system. The pilot study utilized low altitude aerial sur-
veys and shallow draft small boat surveys to determine
the extent of and to document locations of unpermitted
discharges along 159 miles of bayou and bay shore-
line. Nine different shoreline types were surveyed. Po-
sitions of discharges, both permitted and unpermitted
were logged on to a personal computer data base
management system and photographic documenta-
tion of both aerial and surface observations were cata-
logued.
Keywords: 'Galveston Bay, 'Pollution monitoring,
'Aerial photography, Coastal zone management. Gulf
coast, Texas, Maps, Shores, Surveys, Enforcement,
Legal aspects, Data bases, Estuaries.
PB93-205722/REB PCA11/MFA03
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Characterization of Non-Point Sources and Load-
ings to Galveston Bay. Volume 1. Technical
Report. Final rept.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
C. J. Newell, H. S. Rifai, and P. B. Bedient. Mar 92,
230p'GBNEP-15
Prepared in cooperation with Groundwater Services,
Inc., Houston, TX., and Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept.
of Environmental Science and Engineering. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX.
Region VI.
The objective of the work was to conduct a geographic
analysis and priority ranking of possible non-point
sources and loads to Galveston Bay. The study area
was defined by GBNEP to include the entire Galveston
Bay drainage area with the exception of the Lake
Houston and Lake Livingson watersheds; loadings
from these upper watersheds were not mapped but
were subjected to a separate pollutant loading analy-
sis. The primary elements for the non-point analysis in-
cluded watershed hydrology, load estimates, ranking
of subwatersheds, upper watershed influences, and
mapping.
Keywords: 'Coastal zone management, 'Gulf coast,
'Texas, 'Galveston Bay, Watersheds, Runoff, Sus-
pended sediments, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Estuaries, Copper, Coliform bac-
teria, Feces, Oil pollution, Maps, Nonpoint sources.
PB93-205730/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Bay
Wetland Plant Communities, Galveston
System. Final rept.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
W. A. White, and J. G. Paine. Mar 92,134p* GBNEP-
16
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin.
Bureau of Economic Geology. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The report is the culmination of a field investigation of
wetland plant communities, and is one phase of the
project, Trends and Status of Wetland and Aquatic
Habitats of the Galveston Bay System, Texas,' spon-
sored by the Galveston Bay National Estuary Program.
For purpose of the topical report, wetlands are defined
and classified in terms of more classical definitions, for
example, salt, brackish, and fresh marshes, in accord-
ance with project requirements. More than 150 sites
were examined in the Galveston Bay system.
Keywords: 'Galveston Bay, 'Wetlands,
'Plants(Botany), Coastal zone management, Gulf
Coast, Texas, Estuaries, Salt marshes, Surveys.
PB93-205748/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Segmentation Development for Galveston Bay.
Final rept.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
May 92,137p* GBNEP-18
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Neuse, Inc.,
Austin, TX. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The purpose of the study is to develop a segmentation
scheme for the Galveston Bay System that will facili-
tate the other efforts planned by the Galveston Bay
National Estuary Program (GBNEP). The study is orga-
nized around four tasks: (1) the evaluation of existing
segmentation schemes, (2) evaluation of natural fea-
tures and anthropogenic inputs, (3) determination of
segmentation criteria, (4) and the drafting of the
boundaries. To facilitate the management and presen-
tation of the large amounts of geobased data accumu-
lated, a geographic information system (GIS) was de-
veloped for the study area.
Keywords: 'Gulf Coast, 'Texas, 'Coastal zone man-
agement, Regional planning, Land use zoning, Beach-
es, Galveston Bay, Estuaries, Grids(Coordinates),
Maps, Urban planning, Shores. Geographic informa-
tion systems.
PB93-205755/REB PC A20/WF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Status and Trends of Selected Living Resources
in the Galveston Bay System.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
M. Osborn, P. Chai, A. Green, J. Lin, and C. Loeffier.
Jun 92,472p* GBNEP-19
Grant EPA-CE-06550-01
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Parks and Wildlife
Dept., Austin. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The report is part of the effort to characterize the eco-
system of the Galveston Estuary. Its purpose is to
assess the relative health of the Galveston Estuary by
evaluating the status and trends of several selected
endemic species in order to identify potential prob-
lems, as indicated by significant declines in abun-
dance, and to initiate the investigation of the probable
cause of these declines. The species studied were se-
lected by members of the Galveston Bay National Es-
tuary Program Scientific and Technical Advisory Com-
mittee. The list was assembled to include those groups
fundamental to maintaining the Galveston Estuary
ecosystem, and economically important taxa: commer-
cially and ecologically important finfish and shellfish,
locally breeding birds, alligators, plankton, and open
bay and marsh benthos.
Keywords: 'Galveston Bay, 'Ecosystems, "Estuaries,
Texas, Gulf Coast, Coastal zone management, Shell-
fish, Fishes, Birds, Plankton, Aquatic biology.
PB93-205763/REB PC A16/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Contaminant Characterization of Aquatic
Organisms in Galveston Bay: A Pilot Study. Final
rept.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
J. M. Brooks, T. L. Wade. M. C. Dennicutt, D. A.
Wiesenburg, and D. Wilkinson. Jun 92, 352p GBNEP-
20
Grant EPA-CE-06550-01
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., and Texas Water Commission,
Austin.
The study characterizes contamination in edible fish
and shellfish from Galveston Bay. The sampling
December 1993
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
design called for the analysis of trace contaminants in
five species from four sites in Galveston Bay. The goal
of the sampling program was to collect ten specimens
of each target organism that were of legal market size
from each collection site. Standard fisheries data were
recorded for all collections. The analytical program
called for the analyses of 10 individual specimens of
the target organisms from each site (200 edible tissue
(muscle) samples). Fifty (50) liver samples were com-
posed for analysis from the 120 fishes. The trace con-
taminants that were measured included heavy metals,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), pesti-
cides and PCBs and a GC-MS scan for other EPA or-
ganic priority pollutants. In general, trace contaminants
were higher in oyster and crab tissues than fish tissue.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, "Shellfish, "Water pollution
sampling, "Gatveston Bay, Bioassay, Collecting meth-
ods, Liver, Tissues(Biology), Oysters, Crabs, Toxicrty,
Pesticides, rinc, Lead(Metal), Copper, Organic com-
pounds, Aromatic polycydic hydrocarbons,
Grapris(Charts), Heavy metals.
PB93-205771/REB PC A08/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Characterization of Selected Public Health Issues
In Galveston Bay. Final rept
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
P. Jensen, and Y. C. Su. Aug 92,160p* GBNEP-21
Prepared hi cooperation with Espey, Huston and Asso-
ciates, Inc., Austin, TX. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Dallas, TX Region VI.
The purpose of the project is to characterize public
health issues associated with bay use activities such
as shellfish consumption and contact and non-contact
recreation. The major objectives of the characteriza-
tion study are: (1) Review and summarize activities as-
sociated with shellfish bed closures, (2) Identify and
characterize sources of bacterial contamination, (3)
Review and characterize areas of Galveston Bay
which have exceeded water quality standards for con-
tact and non-contact recreation, and (4) Assess the in-
cidence of known pathogenic organisms such as
vibrio Vulnrficus. The characterization includes consid-
eration of indicator organisms and known pathogenic
organisms and covers all identified water quality seg-
ments of Galveston Bay.
Keywords: 'Galveston Bay, 'Public health, 'Environ-
mental health, Coastal zone management. Gulf coast,
Texas, Estuaries, Shellfish, Bacteria, Conforms, Patho-
genic bacteria, Water quality, Contamination.
PB93-205789/REB PC A09/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Ambient Water and Sediment Quality of Qalvss-
ton Bay. Present Status and Historical Trends.
Volume 1. Final rept
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program., Austin, TX.
G. H. Ward, and N. E. Armstrong. Aug 92,193p*
GBNEP-22
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin.
Center for Research in Water Resources. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas. TX.
Regfonvl.
For many years, data relating to the quality of water
and sediment have been collected in the Galveston
Bay system by a variety of organizations and individ-
uals. The purpose of the project was to compile these
data, and to perform a quantitative assessment of
water and sediment quality of Galveston Bay and its
evolution over time. The study focused on the follow-
ing categories of parameters: temperature, salinity and
related parameters, suspended sediments and turbidi-
ty, pH, disserved oxygen, nutrients as measured by ni-
trogen, phosphorous and organic carbon, organics as
measured by oil and grease, volatile solids and bio-
chemical oxygen demand, chtorophyll-a, coHforms,
metals (total and dissolved), and trace organics, in-
cluding pesticides, herbicides, PAH's, PCB's, and pri-
ority pollutants.
Keywords: 'Galveston Bay, 'Water quality, 'Sedi-
ments, Coastal zone management Gulf Coast, Texas,
Estuaries. Salinity, Biochemical oxygen demand. Pollu-
tion control, Dissolved oxygen, Coliforms, Maps,
Tabtes(Data), Pesticides. Heavy metals.
PB93-205797/REB PC A06/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Environmental Management Inventory of Galves-
ton Bay. Final rept.
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
S. G. Haddea Oct 92,108p* GBNEP-24
Prepared in cooperation with Lyndon B. Johnson
School of Public Affairs, Austin, TX. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The purpose of the report is to provide an inventory of
those agencies and laws along with their associated
regulations, that constitute the regulatory framework
for environmental protection of Galveston Bay, one of
the estuaries of national significance covered under
the 1987 law. The inventory is largely descriptive, serv-
ing as the first phase in a larger project which will ulti-
mately evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regu-
latory framework. That assessment in turn will form the
basis for the Comprehensive Conservation and Man-
agement Ran as well as for policy recommendations
to improve the coordination of environmental manage-
ment of the Bay.
Keywords: 'Galveston Bay, 'Regulations, 'Coastal
zone management, Gulf Coast, Texas, Estuaries, Leg-
islation, LawfJurisprudence), Environmental protec-
tion, Local government Public administration, Inter-
agency cooperation.
PB93-205805/REB PC A06/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Recreational Fishery By-Catch In the Galveston
Bay System. Final rept
Galveston Bay National Estuary Program,, Austin, TX.
G. E. Saul. Nov92,124p* GBNEP-25
Prepared in cooperation with FTN Associates Ltd.,
Austin, TX, and Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept,
Austin. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The purpose of the project was to examine the litera-
ture and existing data to determine the magnitude and
composition of the recreational finfish and shellfish by-
catch in the Galveston Bay system. A preliminary esti-
mate of the recreational by-catch of sport-boat fisher-
men was made using a combination of data obtained
from the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS)
Marine Recreational Fishery Statistics Survey
(MRFSS) and routine sport-boat harvest monitoring
data provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Depart-
ment (TPWD). Data from the MRFSSs included land-
ings of finfishes, determined to species by NMFS con-
tractors, and by-catch data (numbers and disposition
by species) based on fishermen recall during intercept
surveys.
Keywords: 'Sport fishing, 'Galveston Bay, Coastal
zone management GUI? Coast Texas, Sampling,
Shellfish, Fins, Estuaries, Surveys.
PB93-205847/REB PC A03/MF A01
Emergency Planning and Community Rtaht-to-
Know Act Section 313 Release Reporting Re-
quirements (August 1991).
Environmenti' - - -
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 91,30p EPA/560/4-92/002
Seeal80PB92-226216.
The brochure contains information about the Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.
This law establishes a structure at the state and local
levels to assist communities in planning for chemical
emergencies and requires facilities to provide informa-
tion on various chemicals present in the community.
The Act requires that this information be made avail-
able to the public. One of the requirements concerns
the reporting of annual releases of toxic chemicals to
the air, water, and land. These provisions are outlined
in Section 313 which mandates annual release report-
ing for over 300 chemicals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Reporting, Requirements, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Land pollution, Emergency planning,
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act Chemical releases.
PB93-205854/REB PC A03/MF A01
Supplier Notification Requirements under Section
313 of the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act (1991).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
1991,30p EPA/560/4-91/006
See also PB89-192892.
When Congress passed the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), it
created a number of new reporting requirements for
companies that handle toxic chemicals and products
containing toxic chemicals. Section 313 of EPCRA re-
quires that certain manufacturers report annual re-
leases to the environment of listed toxic chemicals and
chemical categories. Because these manufacturers
must know the toxic chemical composition of the prod-
ucts they use to be able to calculate releases accu-
rately, EPA requires some suppliers of mixtures or
trade name products containing one or more of the
listed section 313 toxic chemicals to notify their cus-
tomers. The pamphlet explains which suppliers must
notify their customers, who must be notified, what form
the notice must take, and when it must be sent.
Keywords: 'Chemical composition, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, Hazardous materials, Re-
porting, Requirements, Safety, Labels, 'Chemical re-
leases, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act.
PB93-205862/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Abstract Proceedings: Superfund Technical Sup-
port Project General Meeting. Held In Athens,
Georgia on December 3-6,1990.
Environmental Management Support, Silver Spring,
MD.
May 91,40p EPA/540/M-91 /003
See also PB92-205657. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
Contents: RCRA's New Ground-Water Monitoring
Regulations; Remedial Response Construction Cost
Estimating System (RACES); The Data Base Analyzer
and Parameter Estimator (DBAPE); Superfund Techni-
cal Liaison Program; Causes and Effects of Well Tur-
bidity; Characterizing Heterogeneous Hazardous
Wastes; Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program; Computer-Aided Assessment of Con-
taminated Sites; Remedy Screening; New Engineering
Forum Issue Papers; Fourier Transform Infrared Spec-
troscopy (FT-IR); Metal Partitioning From Incineration
of Soils and Debris; Treatability Assistance Program
Update; Data Gaps in Remedial Design; The Pre-
Design Technical Summary; Remedial Design Sched-
ule Management; Fate Constants and Pathway Analy-
sis; Identification of non-Target Anarytes; Dense Non-
Aqueous Phase Liquids; MINTEQA2 Geochemical
Equilibrium Model; Corps of Engineers Laboratory
Support to EPA Regions; Subsurface Characterization
and Mobilization Processes (SCAMP); Overview of
Athens' Modeling Capabilities; Predicting Chemical
Reactivity by Computer; Radiation Technical Support
to Regional Superfund Programs; Design of Ground-
water Monitoring Networks.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Superfund, 'Waste manage-
ment 'Water pollution, 'Hazardous materials, Ground
water, Water pollution sampling, Remedial action, Soil
contamination, Turbidity, Radiation monitoring, Geo-
chemistry, Chemical reactions, Fourier transform
spectrometers, Incineration, Metals, Path of pollutants,
Subsurface investigations.
PB93-205870/REB PC A03/MF A01
Understanding Bioremedlatlon: A Guidebook for
Citizens.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Feb 91,23p EPA/540/2-91 /002
See also PB90-216466, PB92-235589 and PB93-
116143.
Bkxemediation - a process that uses microorganisms
to transform harmful substances to nontoxic com-
pounds - is one of the most promising new technol-
ogies for treating chemical spills and hazardous waste
problems. In order to improve the technology and
better understand its capabilities, the U.S. Environ-
10 Vol. 93, No. 4
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental Protection Agency (EPA) is encouraging field
tests and evaluation of waste site cleanups using bior-
emediation. As bioremediation is considered more fre-
quently as a cleanup alternative, citizens need infor-
mation about this process to help them contribute to
informed decision-making regarding the cleanup of
waste sites in their communities. The brochure an-
swers some questions about what bioremediation is,
where it can be used effectively, and its advantages
and disadvantages.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Biological treatment, BiodegradatJon, Microorga-
nisms, Organic compounds, Land pollution control, Oil
spills, Bioremediation.
PB93-205888/REB PC A07/MF A02
Guide to Using Chesapeake Bay Program Water
Quality Monitoring Data.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Mar 93,129pCBP/TRS-78/92
See also PB90-147935 and PB90-226739.
The document describes the Chesapeake Bay Main-
stem Water Quality Monitoring Program in general and
provides detailed information about the existing Pro-
gram data base. The two main purposes of the docu-
ment are to assist those who wish to obtain monitoring
data, and to provide information to data analysts about
the data base. The Chesapeake Bay Program, a coop-
erative effort between the federal government and the
state and local governments in the Chesapeake Bay
watershed, provides funds to the states of Maryland
and Virginia for the routine monitoring of 19 directly
measured water quality parameters at 49 stations in
the mainstem Bay.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Water quality, 'Chesapeake
Bay, 'Environmental impacts, Maps, Data bases,
Sampling, Stations, Interagency cooperation, Data ac-
quisition.
PB93-20S896/REB PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Reregistration, March 1991.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 91,17p EPA-21T-1004
See also PB90-161530 and PB92-231182.
In 1988, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Ro-
denticide Act (FIFRA) was amended to strengthen
EPA's pesticide regulatory authority and responsibil-
ities regarding the reregistration of pesticides. These
amendments mandated an accelerated reregistration
scheme, to be carried out in five phases concluding in
the late 1990s. The thrust of the phased approach is to
generate a substantially complete scientific data base
for each pesticide product before it is evaluated by the
Agency and reregistered. The document provides a
general overview of the provisions, process and status
of the reregistration program.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, 'Toxicity,
Labels, Chemical analysis, Standards, Fees, Criteria,
'Reregistration, FIFRA(Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act).
PB93-205904/REB PC A03/MF A01
Quality of Our Nation's Water 1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Jun 92, 31 p EPA/841 /K-92/001
See also PB91-145912 and PB92-227800.
The booklet is designed to help the general reader un-
derstand the problem of water pollution in the U.S.
today. Its focus is on the sources, types, impacts, and
extent of water pollution, and the actions government
and citizens are taking to control them. The informa-
tion in the booklet is condensed from the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's (EPA's) National Water
Quality Inventory: 1990 Report to Congress.
Keywords: *States(United States), 'Inventories,
'Water quality, Water pollution. Rivers, Lakes, Estu-
aries, Surface waters, Streams, Reservoirs, Runoff,
Wetlands, Great lakes. Coasts, Ground water, Envi-
ronmental protection. Community goals.
PB93-205961/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Monofilament
Fiber Manufacturing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004A
See also PB93-205979 and PB88-210380.
Manufacturers of monofilament fibers may be required
to report annually any releases to the environment of
certain chemicals regulated under Section 313, Title
III, of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986. The document has been devel-
oped to assist monofilament fiber manufacturers in the
completion of Part III (Chemical Specific Information)
of the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting
Form. Included herein is general information on toxic
chemicals used and process wastes generated, along
with several examples to demonstrate the types of
data needed and various methodologies available for
estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Fibers, 'Chemical compounds, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental impacts. Guidelines,
Study estimates, Manufacturing, Polymers, Emission
factors, Water pollution, Pollution sources, Air pollu-
tion, Solid wastes, Waste water, Liquid wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-205979/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Printing Oper-
ations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004B
See also PB93-205987.
Printers may be required to report annually any re-
leases to the environment of certain chemicals regu-
lated under Section 313, Title III, of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of
1986. The document has been developed to assist
printers in the completion of Part III (Chemical Specific
Information) of the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory
Reporting Form. Included herein is general information
on toxic chemicals used and process wastes generat-
ed, along with several examples to demonstrate the
types of data needed and various methodologies avail-
able for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Printing, 'Chemi-
cal compounds, 'Toxic substances, Study estimates,
Guidelines, Solvents, Air pollution, Waste treatment,
Water pollution, Emission factors, Solid wastes, Pollu-
tion sources, Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act of 1986, Emergency Planning and Commu-
nity Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-205987/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Electrodepo-
sition of Organic Coatings.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004C
See also PB93-205995.
Appliers of organic coatings via electrodeposition
(EDP) may be required to report annually any releases
to the environment of certain chemicals regulated
under Section 313, Title III, of the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The
document has been developed to assist appliers of or-
ganic coatings in the completion of Part III (Chemical
Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is general
information on toxic chemicals used and process
wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Electrodeposited coat-
ings. Study estimates, Guidelines, Organic com-
pounds. Water pollution, Waste treatment, Waste
water, Solid wastes, Air pollution, Pollution sources,
Concentration(Composition), Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-205995/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Spray Appli-
cation of Organic Coatings.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004D
See also PB93-206001.
Spray applicators of organic coatings may be required
to report annually any releases to the environment of
certain chemicals regulated under Section 313, Title
III, of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986. The document has been devel-
oped to assist appliers of organic coatings in the com-
pletion of Part III (Chemical Specific Information) of the
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form. In-
cluded herein is general information on toxic chemi-
cals used and process wastes generated, along with
several examples to demonstrate the types of data
needed and various methodologies available for esti-
mating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Spray coating, Organic
compounds, Guidelines, Study estimates, Waste dis-
posal, Water pollution, Air pollution, Waste water, Solid
wastes, Concentration(Composition), Pollution
sources, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986, Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206001/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Semiconduc-
tor Manufacturing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004E
SeealsoPB93-206019.
Manufacturers of semiconductors may be required to
report annually any releases to the environment of cer-
tain chemicals regulated under Section 313, Title III, of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986. The document has been developed
to assist semiconductor manufacturers in the comple-
tion of Part III (Chemical Specific Information) of the
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form. In-
cluded herein is general information on toxic chemi-
cals used and process wastes generated, along with
several examples to demonstrate the types of data
needed and various methodologies available for esti-
mating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Semiconductors, Study
estimates, Guidelines, Manufacturing,
Concentration(Composition), Liquid wastes, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Waste water, Emission factors,
Pollution sources, Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act of 1986, Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206019/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Formulation
of Aqueous Solutions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004F
See also PB93-206027.
Formulators of aqueous solutions may be required to
report annually any releases to the environment of cer-
tain chemicals regulated under Section 313, Title III, of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986. The document has been developed
to assist formulators of aqueous solutions, emulsions,
and slurries in the completion of Part III (Chemical Spe-
cific Information) of the Toxic Chemical Release Inven-
tory Reporting Form. Included herein is general infor-
mation on toxic chemicals used and process wastes
generated, along with several examples to demon-
strate the types of data needed and various method-
ologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Aqueous solutions,
Guidelines, Study estimates,
Concentration(Composition), Pollution sources, Liquid
wastes. Air pollution, Water pollution, Waste water,
Emission factors, Solid wastes, Superfund Amend-
December 1993 11
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206027/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title Ml Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Electroplating
Operations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 88,10p EPA/560/4-88/004G
See also PB93-206035.
Facilities engaged in electroplating operations may be
required to report annually any releases to tne environ-
ment of certain chemicals regulated under Section
313, Title III, of the Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The document has
been developed to assist those who perform electro-
plating operations in the completion of Part III (Chemi-
cal Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical Re-
lease Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: * Environmental impacts, *Chemical com-
pounds, *Toxic substances, 'Electroplating, Guide-
lines, Study estimates, Concentration(Composition),
Pollution sources. Air pollution, Solid wastes, Water
pollution. Waste water, Emission factors, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of
1986.
PB93-206035/REB PC A02/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Textile
Dyeing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Feb 88, 10p EPA/560/4-88/004H
See also PB93-206043.
Facilities engaged in textile dyeing may be required to
report annually any releases to the environment of cer-
tain chemicals regulated under Section 313, Title III, of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986. The document has been developed
to assist textile dyers in the completion of Part III
(Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases. •
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Textile industry, 'Dyeing,
Guidelines, Study estimates,
Concentration(Composrtion), Water pollution, Pollution
sources, Emission factors, Waste disposal, Waste
water, Air pollution, Solid wastes, Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1 986.
PB93-206043/REB
PC A02/MF A01
Tltte III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Presswood
and Laminated Wood Products Manufacturing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 88, 1 0p EPA/560/4-88/0041
SeeateoPB93-206050.
Facilities engaged in the manufacture of presswood
and laminated wood products may be required to
report annually any releases to the environment of cer-
tain chemicals regulated under Section 313, Title III, of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986. The document has been developed
to assist those who manufacture presswood and lami-
nated wood products in the completion of Part III
(Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Wood products,
'Chemical compounds, 'Toxic substances, Guide-
lines, Study estimates, Laminated wood. Manufactur-
ing, Pollution sources, Liquid wastes, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Solid wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Emission factors, Press-
boards, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986, Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206050/REB PC A03/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Roller, Knife,
and Gravure Coating Operations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Feb 88,14p EPA/560/4-88/004J
See also PB93-206068.
Facilities performing coating operations may be re-
quired to report annually any releases to the environ-
ment of certain chemicals regulated under Section
313, Title III, of the Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The document has
been developed to assist those using roller, knife, and
gravure coating equipment in the completion of Part III
(Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Coating processes,
Guidelines, Study estimates,
Concentration(Composmon), Solid wastes. Roller
coating. Air pollution, Liquid wastes. Emission factors,
Water pollution, Pollution sources, Waste water, Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act of 1986, Gravure coatings, Knife coatings.
PB93-206068/REB PC A03/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Paper and Pa-
perboard Production.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Feb 88,13p EPA/560/4-88/004K
See also PB93-206076.
Facilities engaged in paper and paperboard production
may be required to report annually any releases to the
environment of certain chemicals regulated under
Section 313, Title III, of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The docu-
ment has been developed to assist those engaged in
paper and paperboard production in the completion of
Part III (Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic
Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included
herein is general information on toxic chemicals used
and process wastes generated, along with several ex-
amples to demonstrate the types of data needed and
various methodologies available for estimating re-
leases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Paper products, Paper-
boards, Guidelines, Study estimates, Pollution
sources, Emission factors, Additives, Solid wastes,
Water pollution, Fugitive emissions, Air pollution, Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206076/REB PC A03/MF A01
Title III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Leather Tan-
ning and Finishing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Feb 88,14p EPA/560/4-88/004L
See also PB93-206084.
Facilities engaged in leather tanning and finishing may
be required to report annually any releases to the envi-
ronment of certain chemicals regulated under Section
313, Title III, of the Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The document has
been developed to assist those in the leather tanning
and finishing industry in the completion of Part III
(Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Leather, Guidelines,
Study estimates, Tanning materials, Emission factors,
Concentration(Composition), Waste disposal, Pollu-
tion sources, Finishing, Solid wastes, Water pollution,
Waste water, Air pollution, Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206084/REB PC A03/MF A01
Tltte III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Wood Pre-
serving Operations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Feb 88,13p EPA/560/4-88/004P
See also PB93-206092.
Facilities engaged in wood preserving operations may
be required to report annually any releases to the envi-
ronment of certain chemicals regulated under Section
313, Title III, of the Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The document has
been developed to assist facilities engaged in wood
preserving operations in the completion of Part III
(Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Wood preservatives,
'Wood industry, Guidelines, Study estimates, Emis-
sion factors, Concentration(Composition), Solid
wastes, Fugitive emissions, Water pollution, Pollution
sources, Waste water, Air pollution, Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206092/REB PC A03/MF A01
TKIe III Section 313 Release Reporting Guidance:
Estimating Chemical Releases from Rubber Pro-
duction and Compounding.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 88,13p EPA/560/4-88/004Q
See also PB93-205961.
Facilities engaged in rubber production and com-
pounding may be required to report annually any re-
leases to the environment of certain chemicals regu-
lated under Section 313, Title III, of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of
1986. The document has been developed to assist
those who produce rubber in the completion of Part III
(Chemical Specific Information) of the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Reporting Form. Included herein is
general information on toxic chemicals used and proc-
ess wastes generated, along with several examples to
demonstrate the types of data needed and various
methodologies available for estimating releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Rubber industry, 'Syn-
thetic elastomers, Guidelines, Study estimates, Pollu-
tion sources, Emission factors,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Waste water, Fugitive emissions, Solid wastes,
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act of 1986.
PB93-206209/REB PC A03/MF A01
Superfund: Environmental Progress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 90,14p EPA/540/8-90/101
See also PB91-921203.
While Superfund has made many gains in terms of pro-
tection of human health and the environment, to date
little attention has been paid to any measures other
than the number of sites deleted from the National Pri-
orities List. The report explains some of Superfund's
environmental progress in terms of new measures
called environmental indicators. These indicators
relate to: (1) Controlling Acute Threats to People and
12 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the Environment; (2) Achieving Long-Term Cleanup
Goals for Sites; and (3) Removing Contamination from
the Environment.
Keywords: 'Superfund, "Project management,
'Progress, Environmental research, Priorities, Re-
search management, Surface waters, Ground water,
Soils.
PB93-206340/REB PC A03/MF A01
Bioremedlatlon in the Field: Number 1, November
1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Nov 90,18p EPA/540/2-90/004
See also PB92-224708 and PB92-224807.
The Bioremediation Field Initiative is designed to pro-
vide EPA and State project managers, consulting engi-
neers, and industry with timely information regarding
new developments in the application of bioremedia-
tion. These applications include the cleanup of aban-
doned waste sites, industrial facilities, leaking under-
ground storage tanks and ground water impacted from
these sources. The Technology Innovation Office
(TIO), an office within the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (OSWER), in conjunction with
the Office of Research and Development's (ORD)
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Sup-
port, will produce the bulliten on a regular basis to
serve as the principal information transfer mechanism
for the Bioremediation Field Initiative.
Keywords: 'Biological treatment, 'Remedial action,
'Hazardous materials, 'Waste management, Super-
fund, Military facilities, Soil contamination, Petroleum
products, Field tests, Underground storage, Resource
recovery acts, Projects, Storage tanks, Information,
Soils.
PB93-206399/REB PC A02/MF A01
America's Wetlands: Our Vital Unk between Land
and Water.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Feb88,10pOPA-87-016
See also PB90-198201.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in part-
nership with state and local governments, is responsi-
ble for restoring and maintaining the chemical, physi-
cal, and biological integrity of the nation's waters. Be-
cause of the value of wetlands as an integral part of
those waters, EPA is also charged with protecting wet-
land resources. To provide leadership in building such
a broad-based national effort, EPA established an
Office of Wetlands Protection in 1986. Reading the
booklet will give you a better understanding of the im-
portance of wetlands, how they are threatened, and
what can be done to conserve them for future genera-
tions.
Keywords: 'Wetlands, 'Natural resources manage-
ment, Natural resources conservation, US EPA, Clean
Water Act, Corps of Engineers, Swamps, Marshes,
States(United States), Public relations, Handbooks,
Environmental protection.
PB93-206449/REB PC A06/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics.
Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency
Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commit-
tee on Toxicology.
C1993,125p
Contract EPA-CR-815682-01 -0
See also PB90-238890. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pollu-
tion, Prevention, and Toxics, and Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.
Massive amounts of extremely hazardous substances
(EHSs) can be released accidentally as a result of
chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or acci-
dents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting
EHSs. The people in communities surrounding indus-
trial facilities where EHSs are manufactured, used, or
stored, and in communities along the nation's railways
and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed
to airborne EHSs during accidental releases. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified
366 EHSs based on acute lethality data in rodents.
The report addresses risk assessment of short-term
exposures to high levels of chemical toxicants. It de-
scribes the criteria and methods for developing com-
munity emergency exposure levels for EHSs for use by
many organizations, including EPA, the ATSDR, state
and local governments, and chemical industries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Expo-
sure, 'Risk assessment, Public health, Inhalation, Risk
management, Tolerances(Physiology), Air pollution
effects(Humans), Chemical spills, *CEEL(Community
emergency exposure levels), Carcinogerticity, Dose-
response relationships, Reference values.
PB93-206472/REB PC A21/MF A04
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Paint Formulating Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Dec 79,483p EPA/440/1-79/049B
See also PB90-126475.
The document presents the findings of an extensive
study of the paint manufacturing industry for the pur-
pose of developing effluent limitations for existing
point sources and standards of performance for new
sources and pretreatment standards for existing and
new sources to implement Sections 301, 304, 306 and
307 of the Clean Water Act. Effluent limitation guide-
lines are set forth for the degree of effluent pollutant
reduction attainable through application of best avail-
able technology economically achieveable which must
be attained by existing point sources by July 1, 1984.
The standards of performance for new sources
(NSPS) set forth the degree of effluent pollutant reduc-
tion that is achievable through the application of the
best available demonstrated control technology, proc-
esses, operating methods, or other alternatives. Pre-
treatment standards for existing and new sources
(PSES and PSNS) set forth the degree of effluent pol-
lutant reduction that must be achieved in order to pre-
vent the discharge of pollutants that pass through,
interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with the
operation of POTW.
Keywords: 'Paint industry, 'Industrial waste treatment,
'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regulations, Water pol-
lution control, Water pollution abatement, Waste
water, Point sources, Industrial plants, Water pollution
sampling, Water pollution economics, Economic
impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technology,
BAT(Best Available technology).
PB93-206480/REB PC A11 /MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Treatability Studies for the Inorganic Chemicals
Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA. Envi-
ronmental Div.
Jul 80,250p EPA/440/1-80/103
Contract EPA-68-01-5767
See also PB91-122632. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Effluent Guide-
lines Div.
The major purpose underlying the Treatability Study is
to evaluate the achievable performance of proposed
Best Available Technologies (BAT) for the treatment
and control of pollutant discharges, and to provide em-
pirical treatment system performance information ap-
plicable to selected inorganic chemical subcategories.
The study specifically concentrated on those subcate-
gories in the Inorganic Chemicals Industry for which
analytical data on raw waste waters and treated ef-
fluents either do not exist or are deficient, and for
which data are needed for purposes of comparison
with proposed effluent limitations currently being pro-
posed by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Chemical ef-
fluents, 'Pollution regulations, Water pollution control,
Water pollution abatement, Waste water, Point
sources, Industrial plants, Water pollution sampling,
Water pollution economics, Economic impact, Pre-
treatment, Treatment technology, BAT(Best Available
Technology).
PB93-206498/REB PC A24/MF A04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Metal Molding
and Casting (Foundries). Point Source Category.
Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Nov 82, 560p EPA/440/1-82/070B-VOL-1
See also PB86-154135, PB86-161452, and Volume 2,
PB93-206506.
The document and the administrative record provide
the technical basis for proposing effluent limitations
guidelines for existing direct dischargers, pretreatment
standards for new and existing indirect dischargers,
and standards of performance for new source direct
dischargers. This category is made up of 3600 plants
employing people. Nine hundred sixty five of these
plants use wet processing methods which can gener-
ate wastewaters. Of the 965 plants, 287 discharge di-
rectly to rivers, lakes, or streams; 327 discharge to
publicly owned treatment works (POTW); and 351
achieve zero discharge of process wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Foundries, 'Metal industry, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regu-
lations, Water pollution control, Water pollution abate-
ment, Waste water, Point sources, Industrial plants,
Water pollution sampling, Water pollution economics,
Economic impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technolo-
gy, BAT(Best Available Technology).
PB93-206506/REB PC A22/MF A04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Metal Molding
and Casting (Foundries). Point Source Category.
Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Nov 82, 504p EPA/440/1 -82/070B-VOL-2
See also Volume 1, PB93-206498.
The volume addresses the cost, energy, and non-
water quality impacts of applying the different levels of
wastewater pollution control to foundry operations. It
includes a discussion of actual treatment costs in-
curred at sampled plants, alternative treatment tech-
nologies, and the cost, energy, and other non-water
quality impacts associated with the application of the
BPT, BAT, NSPS, PSES, and PSNS alternative treat-
ment systems. In addition, the consumptive use of
water is addressed.
Keywords: 'Foundries, 'Metal industry, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regu-
lations, Water pollution control, Water pollution abate-
ment, Waste water, Point sources, Industrial plants,
Water pollution sampling, Water pollution economics,
Economic impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technolo-
gy, BAT(Best Available Technology).
PB93-206514/REB PCA21/MFA04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Porcelain Enam-
eling. Point Source Category. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Nov 82, 499p EPA/440/1-82/072
See also PB83-208405 and PB81 -201527.
EPA has subcategorized the porcelain enameling in-
dustry based on the basis material coated. The subca-
tegories are defined as porcelain enameling on: steel,
cast iron, aluminum and copper. No limitations are es-
tablished for porcelain enameling on precious metals
(gold, silver and platinum group metals) because they
are believed to be very small sources and virtually all
would be excluded from regulation by the small indirect
discharger exemption. The study included the identifi-
cation of raw waste and treated effluent characteris-
tics, including: (1) the sources and volume of water
used, the processes employed, and the sources of pol-
lutants and wastewaters in the plant, and (2) the con-
stituents of wastewaters. Such analysis enabled EPA
to determine the presence and concentration of toxic
pollutants in wastewater discharges.
Keywords: 'Porcelain enamels, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regulations,
Water pollution control, Water pollution abatement,
Waste water, Point sources, Industrial plants, Water
December 1993 13
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pollution sampling, Water pollution economics, Eco-
nomic impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technology,
BAT(Best Available Technology).
PB03-206522/REB PC A23/MF ACM
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for me Copper Forming
Point Source Category {Proposed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Oct82,529pEPAM40/1-82/074B
See also PB83-263780, PB84-192459 and PB93-
156719.
Pursuant to Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of
the dean Water Act and the provisions of the Settle-
ment Agreement in Natural Resources Defense Coun-
cil v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976) modHted, 12
ERC 1833 (D.D.C. 1979), EPA has collected and ana-
lyzed data for plants in the Copper Forming Point
Source Category. EPA has never proposed or promul-
gated effluent limrtations or standards tor the industry.
The document and the administrative record provide
the technical baste for proposing effluent limitations
based on best practicable technology (BPT) and best
available technology (BAT) for existing direct discharg-
ers, pretreatment standards for existing indirect dis-
chargers (PSES), pretreatment standards for new indi-
rect dischargers (PSNS), and standards of perform-
ance for new source direct dischargers (NSPS). The
copper forming category is comprised of 176 plants. Of
the 176 plants, 37 discharge directty to rivers, lakes, or
streams; 45 discharge to publicly owned treatment
works (POTW); and 94 achieve zero discharge of proc-
ess wastewater.
Keywords: 'Copper industry, 'Metal working, 'Indus-
trial waste treatment, •Chemical effluents, 'Pollution
regulations. Water pollution control, Water pollution
abatement Waste water, Point sources, Industrial
plants. Water pollution sampling, Water pollution eco-
nomics. Economic impact, Pretreatment, Treatment
technology, BAT(Best Available Technology).
PB93-206530/HEB PC A24/MF ACM
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
GutdeNne* New Source Performance Standards
and PretreaUneiH Standards for the Inorganic
Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category,
Phase 2 (Proposed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Sep83.563pEPA/440/1-83/007B
See also PB85-102374, PB85-156446 and PB93-
153963.
Thirty-Four inorganic chemical products
screened for the purpose of establishing wash
effluent limitations guidelines for existing so
were
stewater
_ sources,
standards of performance for new sources, and pre-
treatment standards for new and existing sources in
trw study. The screening studtes showed that only the
plant process wastewaters from the first 17 subcate-
gories contain significant quantities of toxic metals at
treatable levels. (The Calcium Hypochtorite (Bleaching
Powder) subcatagory also generates treatable levels
of toxic and rionconventional pollutants but that indus-
try is intimately associated with the oMor-aJkaN industry
and win be covered as part of the chtor-alkafi subcate-
gory. A considerable amount of toxic pollutant removal
i presently achieved in the industry by the existing
control and treatment practices. Additional removal
can be accomplished by the application of available
and demonstrated technologies which would add to or
modify existing treatment systems.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Chemical ef-
fluents, 'Pollution regulations, Water pollution control,
Water pollution abatement Waste water. Point
sources, Industrial plants. Water pollution sampling,
Water pollution economics. Economic impact Pre-
treatment Treatment technology, BAT(Best available
technology).
PB93-206548/REB PC A99/MF ACM
Proposed Revisions to Ocean Dumping Criteria:
Final Environmental Impact Statement Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Oil and Special Materials Control Div.
1977,6050
See also PB-233 018 and PB-233 019.
The document provides the text of letters sent to re-
spond to or comment on the proposed revisions to
ocean dumping criteria. The letters come from a varie-
ty of environmental organizations, scientists, and pri-
vate citizens.
Keywords: 'Marine disposal, 'Environmental impact
statements-Final, Criteria, Dredge spoil, Regulations,
Permits, 'Responses, 'Comments.
PB93-206555/REB PC A08/MF A02
Global Oceans Directory. A Compendium of Orga-
nizations Dedicated to Marine Conservation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds.
Aug 92,175p EPA/842/B-92/001
The Directory contains organizations involved in ocean
conservation and resource management The directo-
ry was prepared for the U.S. EPA Office of Wetlands,
Oceans and Watersheds (OWOW) to serve as a quick
reference to answer questions such as: Organizations
involved with marine law; Marine related activities of
the U.S. Department of State. The directory has the
following parts: Profiles; Tables of contents; Keyword
matrix. The directory is composed of profiles of organi-
zations involved with marine issues. The profiles are
grouped into three categories: United States Govern-
ment Agencies; United Nations Agencies; and Non-
Govemmental Organizations.
Keywords: 'Global, 'Oceans, 'Resource conserva-
tion, 'Resources management, 'Directories, Organi-
zations, Government agencies, United States, United
Nations, Wildlife, Government policies, Listings, Non-
governmental agencies, Ocean law.
PB93-206563/REB PC A14/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Ongoing Research and Regulatory Development
Projects, July 1992. Final rept
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jul 92,317p EPA/453/R-92/005
Contract EPA-68-D1-0125
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The purpose of the document is to inform State and
local agencies and other Clearinghouse users of cur-
rent research and regulatory development projects un-
derway at the US EPA, the National Institute for Occu-
pational Safety and Health, the Agency for Toxic Sub-
stances and Disease Registry, and State and local
agencies, and to help them identify sources of specific
air toxics information. Every effort has been made to
ensure accuracy as of April 1992, the date that compi-
lation of information was completed. However, further
changes in agency priorities and funding levels may
change the scope and estimated project completion
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxic substances, 'Re-
search projects, Chemical compounds, Air quality,
Indoor air pollution. Pollution regulations, Toxicity, Ex-
posure, Risk assessment Public health. Air pollution
control, Listings, 'National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse, Research and development.
PB93-206571/REB PC A99/MF A06
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics. Index,
1902. Final rept
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jul 92,621 p* EPA/453/B-92/007
Contract EPA-68-D1 -0125
See also PB92-111830. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the bibliography is to provide State and
local agencies with citations to report and Federal
Register notices useful to them in developing and op-
erating air toxics control programs. The reports select-
ed for this bibliography were published by the following
agencies: U.S. EPA, NAS, NCI, NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH,
ATSDR, CPSC, and WHO, including the International
Agency for Research on Cancer. Relevant reports
published by various State and local agencies are also
included in this edition. The edition of the bibliography
updates the cumulative bibliography previously pub-
lished by the National Air Toxics Information Clearing-
house, Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics, July 1991. The
citations selected for this year were compiled from
sources available through January 31,1992.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxic substances, 'Bibliog-
raphies, Chemical compounds. Risk assessment, Tox-
icity, Exposure, Air pollution standards, Sectoral analy-
sis, Air pollution control, Air pollution monitoring, 'Na-
tional Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse.
PB93-206589/REB PC A99/MF £08
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Report of Federal, State, Local
and EPA Air Toxics Activities. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
1 Sep92,829p DCN-92-203-164-04-09, EPA/453/R-
92/008
Contract EPA-68-D1 -0125
Supersedes P892-143700. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Contents: State and Local Agencies; Air Toxics Con-
tacts; Regulatory Program Information; Acceptable
Ambient Concentration Guidelines or Standards; Pol-
lutant Research; Methods Development Activities;
Non-Health Related Impacts; Ambient Monitoring In-
formation; General Permitting and Source Testing In-
formation; Permitting Information; Source Testing In-
formation; Emissions Inventory Information; Risk As-
sessment Information; Permit Descriptions; Source
Test Descriptions; Clearinghouse Identifiers for Chemi-
cal Groups.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Toxic substances, 'Re-
search projects, National government. Local govern-
ment State government Chemical compounds, Pollu-
tion regulations, Risk assessment, Public health, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Air pollution standards, Permits, Air pol-
lution sources, Listings, Data bases, 'National Air
Toxics Information Clearinghouse.
PB93-206597/REB PC A03/MF A01
Cold Starting an Alcohol-Fueled Engine with Ultra-
sonic Fuel Atomization. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Development Group.
R. I. Bruetsch, and F. J. Hamady. Mar 93,24p EPA/
AA/TDG-93/02A
Supersedes PB93-197945. See also PB89-230692.
A test program was devised at EPA's National Vehicle
and Fuel Emissions Laboratory to evaluate a Tonen ul-
trasonic fuel atomizer system on a Honda B20 engine
using both M85 (85% methanol, 15% hydrocarbons)
and M100 (neat methanol) fuels to determine whether
cold starting a premixed-charge port injected engine
on alcohol fuels at low ambient temperatures can be
improved. Modification to the engine's intake manifold
was performed at the Japanese Automotive Research
Institute (JARI) in cooperation with the New Energy
Development Organization (NEDO) to install heated
injectors in close proximity to the ultrasonic atomizers.
The engine is also equipped with the stock port injec-
tor system intact and functional. Successful M100 cold
starts were obtained down to 20 deg F (-7 deg C).
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Automobile engines,
'Exhaust gases, 'Starting, Atomizers, Ultrasonic fre-
quencies, Methanol, Tests, United States, Japan.
PB93-206605/REB PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Rereglstration Progress Report Octo-
ber 1991.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Review and Registration Div.
Oct91,16pEPA-22T-1001
See also PB92-224328 and PB93-178994.
The report is the third in a series of periodic report;
produced by the Special Review and Registration Di-
vision (SRRD), Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), on the
progress towards pesticide reregistration as mandated
under the 1988 amendments to the Federal Insecti-
14 Vol. 93, No. 4
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The
report will show the status of reregistration through the
fourth quarter of the 1991 fiscal year.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Regulations,
Chemical analysis, Risk assessment, Utilization, Envi-
ronmental exposure, Agricultural chemistry, Reviews,
•Reregistration, FIFRAfFederal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act).
PB93-206746/REB PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet 'Pseudomonas cepacla'
Type Wisconsin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Dec 92,6p EPA/737/F-93/002
Products are for formulating use in the manufacture of
seed treatments and for use as a seed treatment to
control damping-off fungi and nematodes. The end-
use product is intended for use on com (field, sweet,
and pop), melons, tomatoes, lettuce, squash, cole
crops, sunflowers, sugar beets, carrots, canola, alfalfa,
clovers, grain sorghum, cotton, soybeans, beans (snap
and dry) and potatoes. The results of the toxicity/path-
ogenicity studies submitted indicated that the active in-
gredient was not pathogenic or infective to rats when
administered orally or intratracheally, was not patho-
genic, infective or toxic when administered intrave-
nously and was not toxic when applied dermally. Due
to lack of toxicity in the rat studies which were conduct-
ed, the product should not pose a risk to wild mamma-
lian species.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, 'Chemical analysis, Pesti-
cides, Toxicity, Environmental effects, Biocides, Pseu-
domonas cepacia, Seed treatment, Biological control,
Use patterns.
PB93-206753/REB PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 239: Cimectacarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
11 Feb 93, 9p EPA/737/F-92/003
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. These are: Issuance or
reissuance of a registration standard; Issuance of each
special review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Pollution control, Plant growth, Growth regu-
lators, Turf grasses, Recreation facilities, Chemical
properties, Tests, Laboratory animals, US EPA, Regis-
tration, Toxicity, Rats, Metabolism, Volatile organic
compounds, 'Chemical information fact sheet, 'Ci-
mectacarb, Carboxylic acid ester.
PB93-206761/REB PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Streptomyces sp. Strain
K61.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
13 Apr 93, 7p EPA/737/F-93/004
Products are for repackaging use and for use as fungi-
cides for the control of plant diseases caused by Fu-
sarium, Alternaria and Botrytis. The products are in-
tended for use on field crops, such as cotton, corn,
soybeans, wheat, sorghum, beans and peas, and on
vegetable and ornamental crops in the field or in
greenhouses. The results of the toxicity/pathogenicity
studies submitted indicated that the active ingredient
was not pathogenic or infective to treated animals in
any of the studies. Effects of the product on fish was
not adequately determined and a test on rainbow trout
must be repeated.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, 'Chemical analysis, Pesti-
cides, Toxicity, Environmental effects, Biocides, Strep-
tomyces species strain K61, Seed treatment, Biologi-
cal control, Use patterns.
PB93-206969/REB PC A04/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Pharmaceuticals
Manufacturing. Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Sep 82,65p EPA/440/1-83/084B
See also PB87-172268.
Pharmaceutical plants manufacture biological prod-
ucts, medicinal chemicals, botanical products, and
other pharmaceutical products. EPA identified 466 op-
erating facilities involved in the manufacture of phar-
maceutical products. Most of the pharmaceutical in-
dustry is located in the eastern half of the United
States. The most prevalent manufacturing operation in
the industry is the formulating, mixing, and compound-
ing operation; batch-type production is the most
common type of manufacturing technique for this in-
dustry. The wastewaters produced and discharged by
the pharmaceutical industry are very diverse. Plant
size, products, processes, and materials to which
wastewater is exposed vary greatly. Additionally, the
ratio of finished product to the quantity of raw materi-
als, solvents, and other processing materials is gener-
ally very low.
Keywords: 'Drug industry, 'Industrial waste treatment,
'Chemical effluents, 'Pollutions regulations, Water
pollution control, Water pollution abatement, Waste
water, Point sources, Industrial plants, Water pollution
sampling, Water pollution economics, Economic
impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technology,
BAT(Best Available Technology).
PB93-206977/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
INSEA User's Manual Environmental Performance
Model of Incineration at Sea Operations. Final rept.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Aug 87,141 p EPA/556/1-87/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3319
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Marine and Estuarine Pro-
tection.
INSEA (Incineration at SEA) is a screening tool to esti-
mate the maximum allowable concentration of wastes
that can be incinerated at sea without exceeding
standards for marine aquatic life. The relationship be-
tween the water quality standards and the maximum
allowable concentrations in the incinerator feed are
defined by the processes considered by the model. A
consistent bias toward conservatism in the model is re-
quired to compensate for the present inability to reli-
ably predict many of the processes that may occur in
the atmosphere and ocean, or to measure the param-
eters that could be used to define these processes.
The model considers the primary atmospheric and
oceanic processes that are responsible for dispersing
the incinerator emissions into the environment. These
processes are dispersion and transport of the contami-
nant plume in the atmosphere and dispersion and ad-
vection of the contaminant in the ocean.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incineration,
'Waste disposal, 'Ocean disposal, Water pollution ef-
fects, Particulates, Stack disposal, Dispersing, Plumes,
Toxicity, Wind, Environmental transport, User
manuals(Computer programs), *INSEA(lncineration at
Sea).
PB93-206993/REB PC A06/MF A02
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Proceeding of the Workshop on the Sea-Surface
Mlcrolayer in Relation to Ocean Disposal. Held in
Airlie, Virginia on December 18-19,1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
Aug 87,113p EPA/556/1-87/005
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle/Marine Re-
search Lab., Sequim, WA. Sponsored by Battelle Pa-
cific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
A workshop was convened to identify information
needs concerning the sea-surface microlayer (SSM)
that would assist the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency in the ocean disposal regulatory process.
Twenty-two participants from a wide diversity of disci-
plines, including technical experts on the sea-surface
microlayer, identified and ranked over 30 relevant in-
formation needs. Top priority was given to determining:
(1) residence times for components in the SSM and
their alteration by inputs from disposal, (2) the impor-
tance of the SSM as a biological habitat, and (3) the
toxicity of disposal wastes applied in a realistic way to
the SSM. A research and monitoring plan based on a
decision-tree and containing short- and long-term
tasks was outlined. The first step involves sampling
and analysis of the SSM during research ocean dis-
posal activities. Measured SSM contaminant concen-
trations would then be compared with data on toxicity
to surface organisms such as neustonic (floating) fish
eggs.
Keywords: 'Marine disposal, 'Air water interactions,
'Water pollution monitoring, Toxicity, Water pollution
effects, Environmental transport, Incineration, Mi-
croenvironment, Meetings, Pollution regulations,
'Sea-surface microlayer.
PB93-207108/REB PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Proceedings of the National Citizens' Volunteer
Water Monitoring Conference (3rd). Held In An-
napolis, Maryland on March 29-April 2, 1992.
Building Partnerships in the Year of Clean Water.
Izaak Walton League of Ar
jue of America, Decorah, IA.
J. Doherty. Sep 92,190p EPA/841 /R-92/004
See also PB91-168377. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water,
and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, Rockville, MD.
The objectives of the conference were to: promote
successful partnerships between governments,
schools, environmental organizations and businesses;
teach implementation and maintenance of successful
volunteer monitoring programs; provide hands-on
training in developing scientific monitoring methods;
help participants translate collected data into useful
environmental education and action; create an oppor-
tunity to network and exchange information with other
successful programs; and set the future direction for
volunteer monitoring nationwide.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Citizen participation,
'Water pollution monitoring, Rivers, Lakes, Wetlands,
Estuaries, Coasts, National government. State govern-
ment, Local government, Government/industry rela-
tions. Volunteers, Private organizations, Meetings.
PB93-207348/REB PC A03/MF A01
Criteria for Review of Hazardous Materials Emer-
gency Plans.
National Response Team, Washington, DC.
May88,35pNRT-1A
SeealsoPB93-158012.
The document contains a set of criteria which may be
used by the Regional Response Teams (RRTs) in the
review of local plans under the provisions of Section
303(g) of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act of 1986 (SARA). These criteria also may be
used by local emergency planning committees
(LEPCs) for preparing plans as required under Section
303 (a) and by state emergency response commis-
sions (SERCs) for reviewing plans as required under
Section 303 (e) of the Act. The review guide is intend-
ed as a companion document to the Hazardous Mate-
rials Emergency Planning Guide (NRT-1), and can be
viewed as a supplement to the planning process as im-
plemented by local emergency planning committees.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Emergency plan-
ning, 'Criteria, Administrative procedures, Chemical
spills, Risk assessment, Accident prevention, Compli-
ance, Regulations, Interagency cooperation,
*RRT(Regional Response Teams), *LEPC(Local
emergency response committees).
PB93-207363/REB PC A03/MF A01
Case Studies in Wellhead Protection: Ten Exam-
ples of Innovative Wellhead Protection Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Dec 92,12p EPA/813/R-92/002
Contents: Carroll County, Maryland-Water Resource
Management Program; Descanso, California-Commu-
nity Water District Wellhead Protection Program; East-
ern Shore of Virginia-Wellhead Protection Program; El
Paso, Texas-Wellhead Protection Program; Enid,
Oklahoma-Aquifer Management and Wellhead Protec-
December1993 15
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion Program; Manchester-By-The-Sea, Massachu-
setts-Wellhead Protection Program; Nantucket, Mas-
sachusetts-Water Resources Protection Program;
Palm Beach County, Florida-Wellhead Protection Pro-
gram; Santo Domingo Pueblo, New Mexico-Wellhead
Protection Program; Spokane, Washington Program.
Keywords: 'Wellheads, 'Water quality management,
•Water pollution abatement, 'Ground water, Aquifers,
Hydrotogic budget, Aquifer management. Environmen-
tal protection, State government, Local government,
Regional planning, Case studies.
PB93-207397/REB . PC A06/MF A02
GuMe for Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit
Analysis of State and Local Ground Water Protec-
tion Program*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Apr 93,113p EPA/813/R-93/001
The guide familiarizes state and local ground water
program managers with the tools of economic analy-
sis. It shows how these tools can be used to evaluate
ground water programs through cost-effectiveness or
cost-benefit analysis. Case studies show the practical
application of cost analysis, cost-effectiveness analy-
sis, and cost-benefit analysis. A bibliography is includ-
ed if a program manager needs further information on
any of these subjects.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution econom-
ics, 'Environmental protection, Water pollution abate-
ment. Water pollution control. Benefit cost analysis.
Cost effectiveness, Economic analysis. Baseline stud-
ies, State government. Local government. Guidelines,
CSGWPP(Comprehensive State Ground Water Pro-
tection Program).
PBA3-207405/REB PC A03/MF A01
Role and Function of Forest Buffers In the Chess*
peake Bay Basin for Nonpokit Source Manage-
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Feb 93,16p CBP/TRS-91 /93
The problems of the Chesapeake Bay are largely the
result of non-point source (NPS) pollutants, ft is un-
questionable that the conversion of forests to other
land uses throughout the watershed and particularly
adjacent to streams and rivers, has adversely affected
the vitality of our water resources. Now, there is an in-
creasing recognition of the role that forests can play to
help reduce pollution when combined with other man-
agement practices. Research results from a variety of
sources have documented the effectiveness of the ri-
parian forest in reducing NPS loading from runoff and
groundwater. Most of the research has been done in
agricultural watersheds or in connection with stfvictrf-
tural activities. Most attention is now, however, on the
use of riparian forest buffer strips as a management
practice. However, forest buffers are difficult to ad-
dress in the same context as other common best man-
agement practices. Forest buffers are also recognized
for their high value in wildlife and fish habitat and main-
taining ecosystem integrity. The paper primarily dis-
cusses elements of the relationship between forests
and water quality in the context of the forest buffer.
Keywords: 'Buffers, 'Water management(ApDlied),
•Chesapeake Bay Basin, 'Forest land, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Runoff, Nonpoint sources, Aquatic eco-
systems, Marine fishes, Habitats, Forest trees, Shrubs,
vegetation, Riparian streams.
PB93-207413/REB PC A02/MF A01
Contaminated Sediments News: Number 5, April,
1992.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Apr 92,9p EPA/823/N-92/001
The newsletter was developed to help with the ex-
change of relevant information on contaminated sedi-
ments and to increase communication among interest-
ed parties. The newsletter includes listings of confer-
ences and forums, agency activities, and short articles.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution effects, Tox-
icity. Hazardous materials, Water quality, New Eng-
land, San Francisco Bay, Great Lakes, Regional plan-
ning, 'Contaminated sediments, Newsletters.
PB93-207447/REB PC A11 /MF A03
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Environmental Chamber Studies of Maximum In-
cremental Reactivities of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds. Annual rept.
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
W. P. L Carter, J. A. Pierce, 1.1_ Malkina, D. Luo, and
W. D. Long. 1 Apr 93,229p CRC-APRAC-ME-9
Contracts ARB-A032-0692, C91323
Prepared in cooperation with California State Air Re-
sources Board, Sacramento, South Coast Air Quality
Management District, El Monte, CA., and Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Sponsored by
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
The effects of 36 representative volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs) and CO on ozone formation, NO oxida-
tion, and OH radical levels were measured in a series
of environmental chamber experiments representing
conditions where VOCs have the greatest effect on
photochemical ozone formation. The experiments
consisted of repeated 6-hour indoor chamber irradia-
tions of a simplified mixture of ozone precursors with
NOx in excess, alternating with runs with varying
amounts of a test VOC added. The VOCs studied in-
cluded representative alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hy-
drocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ethers, alcohol
ethers, and sitoxanes. CO, Acetone and 2-chtoro-
methyl-3-chloropropene were also studied. Reactions
of formaldehyde, acetone, the methytbenzenes and
the alkenes had the largest positive effects on OH rad-
ical levels, and because of this they caused the most
NO oxidation and ozone formation per molecule react-
ed. Reactions of the sitoxanes and the C(6+) n-al-
kanes had the most inhibiting effects on radicals, caus-
ing them to inhibit NO oxidation and ozone formation
under the conditions of these experiments. The other
compounds had smaller and usually negative effects
on OH radicals, and had moderate but positive effects
on ozone formed and NO oxidized. Information was
also obtained on amounts of NO oxidation caused di-
rectly by the reactions of the added VOCs or their
products.
Keywords: 'Photolysis, 'Air pollution, 'Chemical anal-
ysis, 'Ozone, Photochemical oxktants, Oxidation,
Combustion chambers, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydroxides, Smog, Photochemistry, 'Volatile
organic compounds, MIR(Maximum incremental reac-
tivity).
PB93-207488/REB PC A07/MF A02
Report to Congress on Implementation of Section
403(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
Jun 90,137p EPA/503/6-90/001
The US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pre-
sents the report to Congress on implementation of
section 403(c) of the dean Water Act (the Act), as re-
quired in section 1007 of the Ocean Dumping Ban Act
of 1988. Congress specifically requested the following
information regarding the 403(c) program: An account-
ing of discharges into the waters of the territorial sea,
the contiguous zone, and the ocean; A schedule for
implementing section 403(c) of such Act and achieving
compliance with guidelines promulgated under such
section as expedrbously as practicable, and an esti-
mate of the resources required to meet such schedule;
and Recommendations for any additional legislative
authorities needed to achieve compliance with such
guidelines.
Keywords: 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Water pollution
control, 'Legislation, US EPA, Clean Water Act, Rec-
ommendations, Licenses, Regulations, Compliance,
Discharge(Water), Degradation, Boundaries, Territorial
seas, Coasts, States(United States), Ecosystems, Bio-
logical productivity, 'Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988,
Report to Congress.
PB93-207496/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
National Directory of Citizen Volunteer Envtron-
mental Monitoring Programs (Third Edition).
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett Sea Grant Program.
Apr 90,48p EPA/503/9-90/004
See also PB89-154462. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of the As-
sistant Administrator for Water.
Like the volunteer environmental monitoring move-
ment itself, the directory has grown rapidly. The first
edition, published in September 1988, listed 43 pro-
grams. Just seven months later, the second edition,
containing 70 entries, was produced. The expanded,
updated, and revised third edition of the directory in-
cludes 133 programs. Thirty of these are brand-new
programs that started within the year. During that same
year many of the older programs have expanded, in-
creasing the number of volunteers involved and the
number of sites monitored, and taking on new projects.
Most of the entries in this edition contain much more
detailed information than in previous editions-informa-
tion about specific techniques and tests used for moni-
toring, about funding sources, and about ways that
governmental agencies are using citizen volunteer
monitoring results.
Keywords: 'Environmental monitoring, 'Citizen partici-
pation, 'Directories, Water quality, Acid rain, Acid mine
drainage, Land pollution, Pollution control, State gov-
ernment, Local government. Communities, Regional
planning. Voluntary organizations.
PB93-207504/REB PC A08/MF A02
Ground-Water Modeling Compendium. Model Fact
Sheets, Descriptions, Applications and Assess-
ment Framework.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Oct 92,157p EPA/500/B-92/006
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son, and International Ground Water Modeling Center,
Indianapolis, IN.
Models can be used to guide and complement field in-
vestigations, thereby improving, the understanding of
the consequences of site-specific hydrogeclogic con-
ditions. However, models should not be used in lieu of
field investigations and care must be taken to ensure
that models are not misused. The intention of the
Compendium is to: promote the appropriate use of
models by increasing users' awareness about the
strengths, weaknesses and inherent uncertainties as-
sociated with ground-water models and modeling in
general; and support model users and decision-
makers by providing a convenient source of informa-
tion on how to oversee modeling projects, how certain
models have been applied in the context of hazardous
waste/Superfund programs, and the characteristics of
four specific ground-water models.
Keywords: 'Ground water movement, 'Path of pollut-
ants, 'Model studies, Water pollution, Environmental
transport, Flow characteristics, Parametric analysis,
HydrogeoJogy, Ground water, Computerized simula-
tion, MODFLOW model, PLASM model, MOC model,
RANDOM WALK model.
PB93-207520/REB PC A08/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Styrene. Final rept
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Campbell. Apr 93,169p EPA/454/R-93/011
See also PB92-126788. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document deals specifically with styrene. Its in-
tended audience includes Federal, State and local air
pollution personnel and others who are interested in
locating potential emitters of styrene, and making
gross estimates of air emissions therefrom. Because
of the limited amounts of data available on some po-
tential sources of styrene emissions, and since the
configurations of many sources will not be the same as
those described here, the document is best used as a
primer to inform air pollution personnel about (1) the
types of sources that may emit styrene, (2) process
variations and release points that may be expected
within these sources, and (3) available emissions infor-
mation indicating the potential for styrene to be re-
leased into the air from each operation.
Keywords: 'Styrene, 'Air pollution detection, 'Pollu-
tion sources, Point sources. Industrial plants, Pesti-
cides, Transportation sector, Emission factors. Pro-
duction, Exhaust emissions, Pollution regulations,
•Emission inventories, CAS 100-42-5.
16 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-207538/REB PC A03/MF A01
Community Right-to-Know and Small Business:
Understanding Sections 311 and 312 of the Emer-
gency Planning and Community Rlght-to-Know
Act of 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Sep 88,27p OSWER-88-005
See also PB89-120018 and PB91 -139634.
The brochure has been developed to provide small
businesses with important information on whether to
report, and how and what to report under Sections 311
and 312 of the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-To-Know Act of 1986. The document is not in-
tended to replace any regulations written in support of
the law. It is intended to assist the small business
owner with compliance. Also, the brochure does not
detail all of the sections of the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Emergency plan-
ning, 'Small businesses, Administrative procedures,
Risk assessment, Compliance, Regulations, Report-
ing, Local government, State government, Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Chemical
releases.
PB93-207546/REB PC A03/MF A01
Portraits of Our Coastal Waters. Supplement to
the National Water Quality Inventory. Report from
the EPA Regions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Jun 91,35p EPA/503/2-91 /004
Contents: Pathogen Contamination in Great Bay, New
Hampshire; Water Quality Problems in the Middle At-
lantic Bight; Red Tide in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico;
Oxygen Depleted Coastal and Estuarine Waters in
Louisiana and Texas; Sediment Deficit and Saltwater
Intrusion in Barataria Basin, Louisiana; Toxic Contami-
nation in San Diego Bay, California; Salmon Mortality
Problems in Port Townsend Bay, Washington; Multi-
media Pollutants Effect Green Bay/Fox River, Wiscon-
sin.
Keywords: 'Coastal regions, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution, 'Case studies, Water pollution effects, Atlan-
tic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Mexico Gulf, Lake Michigan,
Man environment interactions, Land use, Runoff.
PB93-207SS3/REB PC A03/MF A01
International Evaluation of In-sltu Blorestoratlon
of Contaminated Soil and Qroundwater (Septem-
ber 1990).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
S. J. J. M. Staps. Sep 90,30p EPA/540/2-90/012
Pub. in Proceedings of NATO/CCMS International
Conference, Demonstration of Remedial Action Tech-
nologies for Contaminated Land and Groundwater
(3rd), Montreal, Canada, November 6-9, 1989. See
also PB91-143198.
The philosophy of in-situ biorestoration is to stimulate
the indigenous soil microorganisms to degrade con-
taminants by improving the environmental conditions
in the soil using a water recirculation system. The ob-
jective of the prefect is to show the possibilities for ap-
plication of the technique in relation with contami-
nants, soil conditions and other site-specific circum-
stances by means of integration and evaluation of re-
sults of in-situ biorestoration projects. The project is
limited to the Netherlands, West Germany and the
USA Experience has especially been gained with in-
situ biorestoration at hydrocarbon-contaminated petrol
stations and industrial sites. The system generally con-
sists of a water recirculation system, aboveground
water treatment and conditioning of the infiltrating
water with nutrients and an oxygen source. However,
there is no one-and-only application method for in-situ
biorestoration. The remediation, which can last from
approximately six months to several years, can reach
residual concentrations below the B-value of the Neth-
erlands examination framework.
Keywords: 'Remedial action, 'Soil contamination,
'Water pollution control, 'Ground water, Biodeteriora-
tion, Hydrocarbons, Land pollution, Water circulation,
Microorganisms, Water treatment, Fluid infiltration, Nu-
trients, Oxygenation, Design criteria, Cost effective-
ness, Evaluation, Tables(Data), Permeability, Transla-
tions, 'Foreign technology.
PB93-207561/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
Unking Estuarine Water Quality and Impacts on
Living Resources: Shrinking Striped Bass Habitat
In Chesapeake Bay and Albermarle Sound.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
C. C. Coutant, and D. L Benson. Aug 87,47p ORNL/
PUB-2972, EPA/503/3-88/001
Contract DE-AC05-84OR21400
See also PB84-119197 and PB84-119205. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection, Department
of Energy, Washington, DC., and Martin Marietta
Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN.
The project seeks to develop strategies and priorities
for arresting habitat deterioration and restoring lost
habitats in estuaries through identification of critical
zones for maintaining living resources. It uses as an
example one representative and important estuarine
species, the striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Data on
summer water temperatures, dissolved oxygen con-
centrations, and striped bass distribution in Chesa-
peake Bay and Albemarie Sound, North Carolina, were
evaluated to determine/establish if critical zones exist-
ed for maintenance of populations. Criteria for habitat
suitability for adults and subadults were those identi-
fied in freshwater reservoirs (<25C and >2 mg/l dis-
solved oxygen). In Chesapeake Bay, two key areas
were identified: (1) a zone of residual cool water
(<25C) in the vicinity of the William Preston Lane, Jr.
Memorial Bridge (Bay Bridge) near Annapolis, where
striped bass subadults and adults congregate in
summer, and (2) a shallow sill near the mouth of the
Rappahannock River, where warm surface waters
(>25C) in summer impinge on the bottom and may
block egress of striped bass subadults and adults from
the bay. Increasing anoxia in the bay in recent years,
especially in the residual cool water, has reduced the
amount of suitable habitat available. The Bay Bridge
and sill areas are suggested as high-priority zones for
pollution monitoring and control.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, 'Estuaries, 'Habitats,
'Water pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, Populations,
Bass, Ocean temperature, Albermarle Sound, Salinity,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Concentration(Composition), Plankton blooms, Eu-
trophication, Monitoring, Graphs(Charts), Maryland,
North Carolina, Virginia, 'Morone saxatilis.
PB93-207579/REB PC A10/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Methylene Chloride. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. Blackley, G. Brooks, J. Buzun, J. Forrester, and R.
Mead. Feb 93,205p EPA/454/R-93/006
See also PB86-107604. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document deals specifically with methylene chlo-
ride (MC), also known as dichloromethane. The intend-
ed audience includes Federal, State and local air pollu-
tion personnel and others who are interested in locat-
ing potential emitters of MC and in making gross esti-
mates of MC air emissions. Data on some potential
sources of MC emissions are limited and the configura-
tions of many sources will differ from those described
here. Therefore, the document is best used as a primer
to inform air pollution personnel about (1) the types of
sources that may emit MC, (2) process variations and
release points that may be expected within these
sources, and (3) available emissions information indi-
cating the potential for MC to be released into the air
from each operation.
Keywords: 'Methylene chloride, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Pollution sources, Point sources, Industrial
plants, Pesticides, Transportation sector, Emission
factors, Production, Exhaust emissions, Pollution regu-
lations, "Emission inventories, CAS 75-09-2.
PB93-207652/REB PC A10/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics. Volume 6.
Citations, 1992. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jul 92, 217p* EPA/453/B-92/006
Contract EPA-68-D1-0125
See also Volume 5, PB92-111830. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the report is to provide State and local
agencies with citations of reports and Federal Register
notices useful in developing and operating air toxics
control programs. The reports selected for the bibliog-
raphy were published by the following agencies: EPA,
NAS, NCI, NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH, ATSDR, CPSC, WHO,
and IARC. Relevant reports published by various State
and local agencies are also included in the edition. The
citations selected this year were compiled from
sources available through January 31,1992.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxic substances, 'Bibliog-
raphies, Chemical compounds, Risk assessment, Tox-
icity, Exposure, Air pollution standards, Sectoral analy-
sis, Air pollution control, Air pollution monitoring, 'Na-
tional Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse.
PB93-207660/REB PC A12/MF A03
Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Sulfur and
Aromatics Contents of on-Highway Diesel Fuel.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Jun 90,257p
The regulatory analysis focuses on the cost effective-
ness of regulating diesel fuel sulfur content. The report
discusses the implications of fuel controls on the refin-
ery industry, the control options considered, the cost
effectiveness of fuel control, leadtime, enforcement
issues and certification fuel.
keywords: 'Diesel fuels, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur,
'Economic analysis, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons, High-
ways, Exhaust emissions, Cost engineering, Diesel
engine exhaust, Desulfurization.
PB93-207710/REB PC A04/MF A01
Strategic Assessment of Near Coastal Waters:
Northeast Case Study. Chapter 3. Susceptibility
and Concentration Status of Northeast Estuaries
to Nutrient Discharges.
Environmental Protection Agency/National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration Team on Near Coast-
al Waters, Rockville, MD.
C Warsh, J. P. Tolson, C. J. Klein, S. P. Orlando, and
C. Alexander. Jul 88, 56p EPA/503/6-88/000
See also PB93-136521. Prepared in cooperation with
Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of Marine Science.
The study is an assessment of the susceptibility and
concentration status of 17 Northeast estuaries to nutri-
ent-related pollution problems. It is the final version of
one of seven chapters in the Case Study and one of
two chapters that will be completed. It first presents
background information on the problems of nutrient
overenrichment in estuaries followed by a screening
analysis of the susceptibility and status of estuaries to
nutrient discharges and sections on nutrient sources
and discharge estimation methods. The final section is
an overview of the region based on simple compari-
sons of discharge estimates across estuaries in the
region. Appendix A contains one-page summaries for
each estuary that include information on significant
physical and hydrologic features, susceptibility and
pollutant status, nutrient discharge estimates, and a
narrative to assist the reader interpret the data. Sum-
mary estimates of particular interest are the changes in
nitrogen and phosphorus inputs that would significant-
ly alter the pollutant status of each estuary. Four addi-
tional appendices contain more detailed breakdowns
of nutrient discharges by season and by source, an
evaluation of the quality of the discharge estimates,
and the method for determining an estuary's nutrient
concentration status and susceptibility to nutrient-re-
lated pollution problems.
Keywords: 'New England, 'Water pollution monitor-
ing, 'Nutrients, 'Estuaries, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Pol-
lution sources, Waste water, Runoff, Agricultural
wastes, Discharge measurement, 'Northeastern
Region(United States), National Estuarine Inventory.
December 1993 17
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-207728/REB
PC A09/MF A02
Cost of Provtding Government Services to Alter-
native Residential Patterns.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
May93,l90p
The Subcommittee established a two step process to
begin to analyze the environmental and economic im-
pacts of residential development. Its objective is to de-
termine if there are significantly different economic
and environmental costs that can be attributed to dif-
ferent types, forms, and locations of residential devel-
opment In particular, the Subcommittee has decided
to investigate how the capital cost per dwelling unit of
providing services and infrastructure, specifically
public services and infrastructure, varies according to
type, form, and location of new residential develop-
ment As a next step, the Subcommittee will be investi-
gating the specific water-quality impacts of various
forms and patterns of development
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Local government
•Government agencies, Land use. Land development
Human services, Environmental impacts, Costs, Water
quality. Communities, Coastal regions, Estuaries.
PB93-207744/REB PC A07/MF A02
Monitoring. Research, and Surveillance Plan for
the 1064Me Deepwater Municipal Sludge Dump
Site *viQ Environs. Fin&l root.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Dec 90,128p EPA/503/4-91 /001
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Rockvilte, MD., and Coast
Guard, Washington, DC.
In 1988, Congress passed the Ocean Dumping Ban
Act of 1988 TODBA) to end the practice of ocean
dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste by De-
cember 31. 1991. OBDA also required that the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration (NOAA) and the United States Coast Guard
(USCG), design a monitoring program for the 106-Mile
Site and the environs that may be impacted by the
dumping of sewage sludge. In addition to requiring in-
creased monitoring of the area, the joint Monitoring
Plan required by ODBA was to include (1) sampling of
an appropriate number of fish and shellfish species
and other organisms to assess the effects of environ-
mental conditions on living marine organisms in the
areas of interest and (2) use of satellite and other ad-
vanced technologies in conducting the program.
Keywords: 'Marine disposal, 'Water pollution monitor-
ing, 'New York Bight Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Sludge disposal. Sewage
sludge, Long-range transport Contaminated sedi-
ments, Nearfiekl fate, Farfietd fate, Short-term effects,
Long-term effects.
PB93-207789/REB PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Great Lake* Water QuaHty Guidance Docket
Index.
Label-Anderson, Inc., Arlington, VA.
14 May 93, Sip-
Errata sheet inserted. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington. DC. Office of the As-
sistant Administrator for Water.
The index supports the docket for the proposed Water
Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System pub-
lished in the April 16,1993 Federal Register.
Keywords: 'Great Lakes, 'Water pollution, 'Pollution
regulations. Indexes, Water quality, Hazardous materi-
als, 'Great Lakes RegkxKUnrted States), Water quality
criteria. Dockets.
PB93-207926/REB PC A15/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Nonpoint Sources Branch.
Ltfwand Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual:
North American Lake Management Society, Merrifield,
VA.
H. Otem, and G. Flock. Aug 90,339p EPA/440/4-90/
006
See also PB88-230719. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Nonpoint
Sources Branch.
Contents: (1) Overview of manual; (2) Ecological con-
cepts; (3) Problem identification; (4) Predicting lake
water quality; (5) Managing the watershed; (6) Lake
and reservoir restoration and management tech-
niques; (7) Hypothetical case study; (8) Implementing
the management plan; (9) Lake protection and mainte-
nance; References; Appendices.
Keywords: 'Water quality management 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Lakes, 'Reservoirs, Manuals, Surface
waters, Evaluation, Aquatic ecosystems, Watersheds,
Stratification, Algae, Monitoring, Chemical analysis,
pH, Alkalinity, Nutrients, Fresh water fishes, Eutroph-
ication, Financing, Tables(Data), Hydrologic cycle,
Restoration.
PB93-207934/REB PC A06/MF A02
Supplementary Development Document for Efflu-
ent Limitations Guidelines for the Leather Tan-
ning and Finishing Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Dec86,104pEPA/440/1-86/016S
See also PB88-213541.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or the
Agency) is proposing to amend 40 CFR Part 425 which
limits effluent discharges to waters of the United
States and the introduction of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works (POTW) by existing and new
sources engaged in leather tanning and finishing.
Keywords: 'Leather industry, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regulations,
Water pollution control, Water pollution abatement
Waste water, Point sources, Industrial plants. Water
pollution economics. Economic impact Pretreatment,
Treatment technology, BAT(Best available technolo-
gy)-
PB93-207967/REB PC A03/MF A01
Introduction to Water Quality-Based Toxics Con-
trol for the NPDES Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Mar 92,47p EPA/831 /S-92/002
See also PB91-127415.
Contents: The Scientific Necessity to Protect Water
Quality; The Legal Authority to Protect Water Quality;
(National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Permit Program, The Integrated Approach to
Water Quality-Based Toxics Control); Capabilities and
Limitations of Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing; Scientif-
ic Concepts in Toxicity Testing; Practical Aspects of
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing; Compliance with
Whole Effluent Toxicity Limits; violations of Permits
Having Whole Effluent Toxicity Limits; Appendix A:
EPA's Authority to Regulate Toxicity; Appendix B: Ex-
cerpts Taken From Sample NPDES Permits and Rele-
vant to Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing; Appendix C:
Documents Relevant to Toxicity Testing; Appendix D:
Glossary.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution control, 'Sur-
face waters, Instructions, Standards, Monitoring, Qual-
ity assurance, Standards, Compliance, Reduction,
Outfall sewers, Exposure, Licenses, Tests, Inspection,
Dosage, Humans, Microorganisms, Growth, Mortality.
PB93-207975/REB PC A11/MF A03
Federal Test Procedure Review Project Prelimi-
nary Technical Report Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Div.
May 93,230p EPA/420/R-93/007
See also PB93-197903.
The principal subject of the report is driving behavior,
including acceleration and trip start patterns. After re-
viewing existing research on driving behavior, EPA de-
termined that new surveys were needed to assess cur-
rent driving in U.S. urban nonattainment regions. A par-
allel study of current technology vehicle emissions
under the full range of driving conditions is also in
progress. Results from these efforts will be combined
in determining the need for test procedure revisions.
The preliminary technical report discusses how the
driving surveys were conducted, presents analyses of
the results, and compares the data to the existing FTP.
Quantitative assessments of the emission impacts are
still in progress and are not discussed in the report.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Driver behavior research, Vehicle air pollution, Pollu-
tion regulations, Parametric analysis, Speed, Urban
areas, Air pollution standards, Federal Test Procedure,
Clean Air Act, Driving style effect on exhaust emis-
sions.
PB93-208007/REB PC A18/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Analysis of Original Equipment and Aftermarket
Manufacturer Oxygen Sensor Constructional,
Functional, and Price Differences.
Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA.
C. R. Beyer, D. A. Wright, and R. F. Klausmeier. Sep
89,409p DCN-89-245-076-02-02, EPA/460/3-89/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3474
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The oxygen sensor is a critical component of modem
vehicle emission control systems. Studies conducted
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) show that failed oxygen sensors result in high
emissions during the Federal Test Procedure (FTP).
Many states have inspection and maintenance (I/M)
programs to detect and correct high emitting vehicles
but most programs have a repair cost limit. The high
retail price of some oxygen sensors often exceeds the
I/M repair cost limit, resulting in high emitting vehicles
not being repaired. A study of oxygen sensor prices,
designs, and applications was conducted to identify
reasons for high oxygen sensor prices. The study
showed that many oxygen sensors are construction-
ally and functionally the same but their retail prices
vary greatly.
Keywords: 'Oxygen detectors, 'Motor vehicles, Air
pollution control equipment, Inspection, Maintenance,
Prices, Emission control, Exhaust emissions, Surveys.
PB93-20801S/REB PC A10/MF A03
Report on the EPA/Manufacturer Cooperative I/M
Testing Program. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Planning and Strategies Div.
J. A. McCargar, and L. M. Snapp. Sep 92,212p EPA/
AA/EPSD-l/M-92-01
See also PB86-213394.
The Cooperative EPA/Manufacturer I/M Test Program
(CTP) was a joint effort by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency and seven of the major domestic and im-
ported vehicle manufacturers to recruit failed vehicles
from an official state Inspection/Maintenance (I/M)
program for study in a laboratory environment. The
intent of the program was to gather data that could be
combined with the results from a number of other stud-
ies, contributing to accomplishing several objectives.
Among these were the following: Develop advice to I/
M programs on improvements to preconditioning
methods and formal I/M test procedures. Seek, and
assess the potential of, a limited diagnosis and repair
sequence as a remedy for a significant portion of the
in-use emissions excess. Improve methods and
models for estimating I/M effectiveness in reducing
emissions. Provide feedback to the manufacturers on
particular malfunction or malmaintenance types.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution standards,
'Exhaust emission measurement, Exhaust system in-
spection, Exhaust emission tests, Maintenance,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Vehicle air pollution,
Exhaust emissions, 'Automobile exhaust.
PB93-208072/REB
PC A07/MF A02
Proceedings of the Ocean Dumping Workshop
106-Mile Site. Held in Ocean City, NJ., on March
28-30,1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
Jun 89,128p EPA/503/9-89/009
See also PB81-241572. Prepared in cooperation with
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Washington, DC., and Coast Guard, Washington, DC.
EPA, NOAA, and USCG convened a workshop in
Ocean City, New Jersey on March 28-30, 1989 to ad-
18 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dress concerns about potential effects on fisheries
and human health risks resulting from disposal of
sewage sludge at the 106-Mile Site, and to assist in the
process of identifying critical monitoring, research, and
surveillance needs relative to the 106-Mile Site. The
goals of the workshop were (1) to assess what is
known about the transport and fate of the sludge; (2) to
assess potential impacts on living marine resources
and on human health from disposal of sewage sludge
at the 106-Mile Site; and (3) to develop recommenda-
tions for future research, monitoring, and surveillance
activities at the 106-Mile Site and in surrounding areas
potentially impacted by sludge disposal at the site.
Workshop participants included representatives of
Federal agencies and state governments, the scientific
and technical community, citizen groups, congression-
al staffs, and sewerage authorities.
Keywords: 'New York Bight, 'Marine disposal, "Water
pollution monitoring, Atlantic Ocean, Sludge disposal,
Sewage sludge, Aquatic ecosystems. Risk assess-
ment. Public health, Marine biology, Water pollution ef-
fects, Pollution regulations, Water quality manage-
ment, Meetings.
PB93-208148/REB PC A08/MF A02
Clark-Fork-Pend Oreille Basin Water Quality
Study. A Summary of Findings and a Management
Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 93,171 p EPA/910/R-93/006
The report is the product of a three-state water quality
study in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille Basin. In response
to concerns about the growing presence of algae and
weeds, Congress appropriated funds to conduct a
water quality study in the basin. The Congressional re-
quest appears as water quality study in the basin. The
Congressional request appears as Section 525 of the
1987 Clean Water Act The study's main objectives
were: (1) characterize water quality problems, (2) iden-
tify pollution sources, (3) recommend actions for pro-
tecting and restoring water quality throughout the
basin. The following water quality objectives were
identified: (1) control nuisance algae in the Clark Fork
River by reducing nutrient concentrations; (2) protect
Lake Pend Oreille water quality by maintaining or re-
ducingcurrent rates of nutrient loading from the Clark
Fork River; (3) reduce nearshore eutrophication in
Lake Pend Oreille by reducing nutrient loading from
local sources; (4) improve Pend Oreille River water
quality through macropyhte management and tributary
nonpoint source controls. To meet these objectives,
the plan outlines specific management actions.
Keywords: *Pend Oreille Basin, 'Clark Fork River,
'Water quality management, Clean Water Act, Objec-
tives, Idaho, Washington(State), Watersheds, Pend
Creilie River, Nutrients, Algae, Phosphorus, Sewage
disposal, Nonpoint sources, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrites,
Eutrophication, Lakes, Montana.
PB93-208213/REB PC A99/MF A06
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Aluminum Form-
ing Point Source Category. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Sep 80,617p EPA/440/1-80/073A
SeealsoPB84-2444l5.
The purpose of the report is to provide the supporting
technical data regarding water use, pollutants and
treatment technologies for any (BPT) Best Practical
Technology; (BAT) Best Available Technology; (BCT)
Best Conventional Technology, (NSPS) New Source
Performance Standards or pretreatment standards for
existing sources (PSES), and pretreatment standards
for new sources (PSNS) which EPA may choose to
issue for the Aluminum Forming Category, under Sec-
tions 301, 304, 306, 307 and 501 of the Clean Water
Act.
Keywords: 'Aluminum industry, 'Metal working, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Chemical effluents, Pollu-
tion regulations, Water pollution control, Water pollu-
tion abatement, Waste water, Point sources. Industrial
plants, Water pollution sampling, Water pollution eco-
nomics, Economic impact, Pretreatment, Treatment
technology, BAT(Best Available Technology).
PB93-208221/REB PC A22/MF A04
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards and Pretreatment Standards for the
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Nov82, 513p EPA/440/1-82/0848
See also PB93-206969.
The document presents the technical data to support
effluent limitations for the pharmaceutical manufactur-
ing point source category as required by the Clean
Water Act (The Act) and related settlement agree-
ments. It also presents the technologies to achieve
limitations as defined by an amended best practicable
control technology currently available (BPT), best
available technology economically achievable (BAT)
and best conventional pollutant control technology
(BCT), and standards as defined by new source per-
formance standards (NSPS), and pretreatment stand-
ards for new and existing sources (PSNS and PSES).
The pharmaceutical manufacturing point source cate-
gory manufacturers biological products, medicinal
chemicals, botanical products and pharmaceutical
products covered by Standard Industrial Classification
Code (SIC) Numbers 2831, 2833, and 2834, and other
commodities described within the report.
Keywords: 'Drug industry, 'Industrial waste treatment,
'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regulations, Water pol-
lution control, Water pollution abatement, Waste
water, Point sources, Industrial plants, Water pollution
sampling, Water pollution economics, Economic
impact, Pretreatment, Treatment technology,
BAT(Best available technology).
PB93-208262/REB PC A03/MF A01
Incorporating Uncertainty Associated with Cen-
sored Water Quality Data in Parametric Trend
Analysis.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jun 93,32p CBP/TRS-75/93
Water quality data are often collected in monitoring
programs to serve as a basis for the estimation of
trends. A problem arises in trend estimation when data
series contain observations reported as below detec-
tion limit (BDL). The several published methods that
deal with BDL observations are generally oriented to-
wards obtaining the 'best value' to substitute for the
censored values. When the definition of a detection
limit associated with a datum is unknown, a conserva-
tive lower bound (with a theoretical justification) for the
precision of the observation is given. The results show
that weighted regression estimates of linear trends are
much less sensitive to the method of substitution for
BDL values than unweighted regression trend esti-
mates. The results also indicate that use of weighted
regression in multiply censored data series eliminates
the need to apply the highest detection limit to all data
in the series (when data below this highest limit exist in
the data series) in order to avoid trends due to chang-
ing detection limits.
Keywords: 'Water pollution detection, 'Water quality
management, 'Parametric analysis, Data covariances,
Water chemistry, Water pollution monitoring, Nutrients,
Trends, Chesapeake Bay Program, BDL(Below detec-
tion limit).
PB93-208270/REB PC A06/MF A02
Chesapeake Bay Coordinated Split Sample Pro-
gram Annual Report, 1990-1991: Analytical Meth-
ods and Quality Assurance Workgroup of the
Chesapeake Bay Program Monitoring Subcommit-
tee.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
1991,102p CBP/TRS-76/93
The Chesapeake Bay Program is a federal-state part-
nership with a goal of restoring the Chesapeake Bay.
Its ambient water quality monitoring programs, started
in 1984, sample over 150 monitoring stations once or
twice a month a month. Due to the size of the Bay wa-
tershed (64,000 square miles) and the cooperative
nature of the CBP, these monitoring programs involve
10 different analytical laboratories. The Chesapeake
Bay Coordinated Split Sample Program (CSSP), ini-
tialed in 1988, assesses the comparability of the water
quality results from these laboratories. The report sum-
marizes CSSP results for 1990 and 1991, its second
and third full years of operation. The CSSP has two
main objectives: identifying parameters with low inter-
organization agreement, and estimating measurement
system variability. The identification of parmeters with
low agreement is used as part of the overall Quality
Assurance program. Laboratory and program person-
nel use the information to investigate possible causes
of the differences, and take action to increase agree-
ment if possible. Later CSSP results will document any
improvements in inter-organization agreement. The
variability estimates are most useful to data analysts
and modelers who need confidence estimates for
monitoring data.
Keywords: 'Program management, 'Water pollution
sampling, 'Chemical analysis, 'Chesapeake Bay, Lab-
oratories, Tests, Organizations, Agreements, Monitor-
ing, Quality assurance, Accuracy, Virginia, Potomac
River, Standards, Organic phosphates, Particulates,
Assessments, State government, National govern-
ment, Total organic carbon.
PB93-208288/REB PC A05/MF A01
Comparison of Mid-Bay and Lateral Station Water
Quality Data in the Chesapeake Bay Mainstem:
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jun 93, 96p CBP/TRS-74/93
Seasonal median water quality values were compared
between stations in mid-Bay and lateral regions in
seven east-west transects in the mainstem Chesa-
peake Bay. Comparisons were made over seven
years, 1985-1991, for April-October surface layer me-
dians of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved
orthophosphate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total
suspended solids, chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, and sa-
linity. Comparisons were also made using spring
(March-May) and summer (June-September) medians
of surface and bottom salinity and dissolved oxygen.
Comparisons were made using difference plots of raw
data, scatter plots of annual seasonal medians, and
the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test on annual seasonal
medians. The graphical and statistical analyses con-
firmed each other. Correlation coefficients were also
calculated between mid-Bay and lateral data series to
estimate their degree of similarity over time, but could
not be tested for statistical significance.
Keywords: 'Statistical tests, 'Water quality data,
'Chesapeake Bay, Water pollution sampling, Compari-
son, Median(Statistics), Seasonal variations, Periodic
variations, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Inorganic nitrogen
compounds, Salinity, Chlorophylls, Depth, Dissolved
oxygen, Correlation, Differences, Aquatic plants,
Graphs(Charts), Maps, Total suspended solids.
PB93-208320/REB PC A06/MF A02
Proceedings and Summary of the Workshop on
Finfish as Indicators of Toxic Contamination. Held
In Airlle, Virginia on July 27-28,1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
1986,11 Op
Contents: Overview of the National Estuary Program
and Objectives of the Workshop on Finfish as Indica-
tors of Toxic Contamination; Summary of the Opening
Plenary Session; Summary of Plenary Session on Sub-
group Reports; Summary Report from the Subgroup
on Anatomic Pathology; Report from the Subgroup on
Bioaccumulation and Enzymes; Report from the Sub-
group on Reproduction/Development, Physiology, Be-
havior, and Population; Summary Report from Sub-
group on Immunology; Appendices.
Keywords: 'Water pollution effects, 'Bioindicators,
'Toxicity, 'Estuaries, 'Marine fishes, 'Meetings, Pop-
ulations, Indicator species, Reproduction(Biology), Bi-
ological accumulation, Animal diseases, Enzymes, Be-
havior, Stress(Physiology), Immunology, 'Finfish.
PB93-208668/REB PC A06/MF A02
Toxics Release Inventory. Public Data Release.
State Fact Sheets, 1991.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics.
May 93,118p EPA/745/F-93/002
See also PB92-155381.
December 1993 19
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is mandated by
section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986. The law is
based on the premise that citizens have a right-to-
know about chemicals in their communities. It has two
main purposes: to provide planning for response to
chemical accidents; and to provide the public and the
government with information about possible chemical
hazards. The purpose of this State Fact Sheet book is
to provide a status of TRI data at the state level. Under
section 313 of EPCRA, certain manufacturers must
report on an annual basis the amounts of over 300
toxic chemicals, including those in 20 chemical cate-
gories, that they release directly to the air, water, or
(and, or that they inject underground. The reports also
include information on amounts transferred to off-site
locations for treatment or disposal. In 1991, for the first
time, facilities also provided additional information
mandated by the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of
1990, such as amounts recycled on- and off-site,
amounts used for energy recovery on- and off-site,
amounts treated on-site, and amounts released due to
non-production related events (e.g., accidental spills).
The reports are sent to the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) and to the states or tribes. The law
specifies that the EPA must compile these reports into
an annual inventory that is publicly available by com-
puter telecommunication arid other means on a cost-
reimbursable basis.
Keywords: *Superfund, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxic
substances, 'Waste management, Environmental sur-
veys, Magnetic tapes. Chemical compounds, Invento-
ries, Emergency planning, Pollution regulations, Facili-
ties, Public information, 'Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act
PB93-208759/REB PC A05/MF A01
Illinois Annual Mr Quality Report, 1992.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
May 93,92p IEPA/APC/93-004
See also report for 1990, PB93-208775.
The document summarizes ambient air quality meas-
urements obtained in Illinois during the calendar year
of 1992. The report discusses air quality data obtained
for each site, provides statistical summaries, details air
quality violations and provides trend data where avail-
able. Background information is included concerning
sources of air pollutants, hearth effects, air quality
standards and ambient monitoring methodologies.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Air quality data, 'Air pollution
monitoring, Pollution sources, Air pollution standards,
Air quality control regions, Parbculates, Ozone, Sulfur
dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Lead(Metal).
PB93-208775/REB PC AOS/MF A01
Illinois Annual Air Quality Report, 1991.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
May 92,96p IEAPA/APC/92-058
See ateo report for 1987, PB88-241609 and report for
1992.PB93-208759.
The document summarizes ambient air quality meas-
urements obtained in Illinois during the calendar year
of 1991. The report discusses air quality data obtained
for each site, provides statistical summaries, details air
quality violations and provides trend data where avail-
able. Background information is included concerning
sources of air pollutants, hearth effects, air quality
standards and ambient monitoring methodologies.
Keywords: 'Illinois, "Air quality data, 'Air pollution
monitoring, Pollution sources, Air pollution standards,
Air quality control regions, Particulates, Ozone, Sulfur
dioxide. Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Lead(Metal).
PB93-209013/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Enhancement of the Pesticide Residues Informa-
tion System (PRIS). Volume 1. Final rept
Dynamac Corp., Rockvilte, MD.
J D. Mies. 14 Jul93, 25p
Contract EPA-68-D2-O053
See also PB91-154591 and Volume 2, PB93-209021.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
The Pesticide Residues Information System (PRIS)
contains the results of more than 500,000 analyses for
329 distinct pesticides (and metabolites) on an esti-
mated 110,864 samples. Fresh agricultural commod-
ities comprise approximately 76 percent of the sam-
ples; processed foods comprise approximately 24 per-
cent of the samples. One or more detectable pesticide
residues were found on approximately 29 percent of all
samples. Samples have been collected by each State
food regulatory agency for a variety of reasons such as
random surveillance, product or chemical specific con-
cerns, and consumer complaints. Sampling sites in-
clude farm fields, packing sheds, distribution/market-
ing warehouses, and retail grocery stores. The Nation-
al Food Processors Association (NFPA) data repre-
sent the monitoring activities of member companies on
processed foods or on commodities that have been
purchased for processing. Scientific Certification Sys-
tems data were developed by Scientific Certification
Systems (SCS) laboratories under contract to private
food retailers located in the U.S. and Canada. Samples
of fresh agricultural commodities were obtained exclu-
sively from distribution/marketing warehouses.
Keywords: 'Pesticide residues, 'Food contamination,
Pesticides, Metabolites, United States, Canada, Food
processing, Data bases, *PRIS(Pesticide residues in-
formation system), Processed food, Raw food.
PB93-209021/REB PC A15/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Enhancement of the Pesticide Residues Informa-
tion System (PRIS). Volume 2. Final rept.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
J.D.Nies. 14Jul93,346p
Contract EPA-68-D2-0053
See also PB91-154609 and Volume 1, PB93-209013.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
Pesticide residue data on raw and processed food
were obtained on a voluntary basis from agencies and
organizations not required to submit these data to the
Office of Pesttckte Programs. The project was part of a
scoping exercise to compile and summarize in an elec-
tronic format available monitoring data from outside
EPA and to begin to evaluate the usefulness of these
data for scientific and regulatory purposes. Data for
329 pesticides on over 61,000 samples were obtained
from three primary sources: Agriculture Canada, state
monitoring data compiled by FDA, and the National
Food Processors Association.
Keywords: 'Pesticide residues, 'Food contamination,
Pesticides, Metabolites, United States, Canada, Food
processing. Data bases, Tabtes(Data),
*PRIS(Pesticide residues information system). Proc-
essed food, Raw food.
PB93-209146/REB PC AOS/MF A01
Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence,
Brooks AFB.TX.
Test Plan and Technical Protocol for a Field
TreatabiHty Test for Btoventing.
Battelle, Columbus, OH.
R. E. Hinchee, S. K. Ong, R. N. Miller, D. C. Downey,
and R. Frandt. May 92,95p
See also PB93-194231 and AD-A222 348. Prepared in
cooperation with Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver,
CO. Sponsored by Air Force Center for Environmental
Excellence, Brooks AFB, TX.
Bioventing is an extremely cost-effective method for
treating soils contaminated with fuels (JP-4, diesei,
gasoline, and heating oil) and non-chlorinated sol-
vents. In April of this year, the Air Force Center for En-
vironmental Excellence (AFCEE) launched a nation-
wide 'bioventing initiative' to test the effectiveness of
this innovative process at 55 contaminated sites in
nineteen states. Twenty systems have already been
installed and tested. To ensure that systems were in-
stalled and tested consistently, AFCEE developed the
comprehensive protocol document. With minimal site
specific modifications, the protocol is also used as a
regulatory test plan. The concept significantly reduces
test plan preparation costs. The AFCEE document in-
troduces the bioventing technology and describes the
technical procedures used to set up a bioventing
system for field evaluation. It also provides testing,
equipment, measurements, and other relevant quanti-
tative data.
Keywords: 'Biological treatment, 'Soil treatment,
'Land pollution control, Air force, Soil contamination,
Remedial action, Jet engine fuels, Oil spills, Under-
ground storage, Storage tanks, Performance evalua-
tion, Field tests, Cost analysis, Biodeterioration, 'Inno-
vative treatment technology, 'Cleanup operations,
'Soil venting, Protocols.
PB93-209401/REB PC A13/MF A03
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Compilation of Ground-Water Models. Research
rept. Sep88-Sep91.
Butler Univ., Indianapolis, IN. Holcomb Research Inst.
P. K. M. van der Heijde, and O. A. Elnawawy. May 93,
289p EPA/600/R-93/118
Contract EPA-CR-815363
See also PB93-178226. Prepared in cooperation with
Colorado School of Mines, Golden. International
Ground Water Modeling Center, and Indiana Univ.-
Purdue Univ. at Indianapolis. Sponsored by Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The report presents the methodology used by the
International Ground Water Modeling Center to classi-
fy, evaluate and manage descriptive information re-
garding ground-water modeling codes for the purpose
of model selection. Furthermore, the report provides
an overview of available ground-water modeling codes
and their major characteristics. The report includes a
section that defines ground-water modeling, presents
the classification approach taken by the International
Ground Water Modeling Center (IGWMC), and dis-
cusses different types of models and the mathematical
approaches invoked for developing the models. Sepa-
rate sections discuss and review the different catego-
ries of ground-water models: flow models, transport
models, chemical reaction models, stochastic models,
models for fractured rock, and ground-water manage-
ment models. The appendices include a listing and de-
scription from the IGWMC MARS database of selected
models from each category.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Mathematical models,
'Flow models, Subsurface flow. Hydrology, Aquifers,
Two dimensional flow, Three dimensional flow, Com-
puterized simulation, Water pollution, Environmental
transport, Saturated zone.
PB93-209419/REB PC A08/MF A02
Geotechnteal Systems for Structures on Contami-
nated Sites: A Technical Guidance Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
H.I. Inyang,and V.B. Myers. Aug93,159pEPA/530/
R-93/002
The technical guidance document has been devel-
oped to address some of the technical aspects of con-
taminated site remediation and redevelopment The
guidance does not represent an advocacy by the U.S.
EPA for the use of commercial or residential structures
to cover contaminated media. However, at some sites
where contamination is marginal or where the primary
source of contamination has been removed, it may be
technically feasible to build functional structures that
can mitigate some of the environmental hazards
present at such sites. The document is not a regulation
but is intended to help State and Regional personnel in
the evaluation of design measures for structural foun-
dations and non-conventional covers at marginally
contaminated sites. It provides a body of information
on design techniques that could be adopted by facility
and operators if EPA or State personnel allow the
reuse of marginally contaminated or cleaned-up land
for structural purposes.
Keywords: 'Structural design, 'Sites, 'Remedial
action, 'Waste disposal, Guidelines, Manuals, Risk as-
sessment Soil stabilization, Regional planning, Stato
government. Migration, Ground water. Earth fills, Con-
tainment Caps, Coverings, Fluid infiltration,
RCRA(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act),
Cleanup.
20 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-209427/REB PC A08/MF A02
Report to the United States Congress on Radion-
uclldes in Drinking Water Multimedia Risk and
Cost Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
15Jul93,158p
EPA prepared the report in response to the Congres-
sional mandate in Public Law 102-389 (the Chafee-
Lautenberg Amendment to EPA's Appropriation Bill,
enacted October 6, 1992) which directs the Adminis-
trator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to report to Congress on EPA's findings regard-
ing the risks of human exposure to radon, the costs for
controlling or mitigating that exposure, and the risks
posed by treating water to remove radon. The Chafee-
Lautenberg Amendment called for an explicit multime-
dia comparison of the risks from radon in indoor air and
drinking water. Congress placed the requirement on
the Agency because of the concern voiced in the
United States over the costs to be incurred by public
water systems in the control of radon in drinking water
while a larger threat from indoor air was not being ad-
dressed except through voluntary measures. Amend-
ments to the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1986 called for
the regulation of radon in drinking water.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Risk assessment, 'Cost analysis,
Radtonuclide migration. Path of pollutants, Public
health, Natural radioactivity, Ingestion(Biology). Inhala-
tion, Law(Jurisprudence), Pollution regulations, 'Drink-
ing water, Dose-response relationships.
PB93-209872/REB PC A06/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Supplemental Manual on the Development and
Implementation of Local Discharge Limitations
under the Pretreatment Program: Residential and
Commercial Toxic Pollutant Loadings and POTW
Removal Efficiency Estimation,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
May 91,118p EPA/21W-4002
See also PB93-209880. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water.
The National Pretreatment Program as implemented
under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and General Pre-
treatment Regulations (40 Code of Federal Regula-
tions (CFR) Part 403) is designed to control the intro-
duction of nondomestic wastes to Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTWs). The specific objectives of
the Program are to protect POTWs from pass through
and interference, to protect the receiving waters and to
improve opportunities to recycle sludges. To accom-
plish these objectives, the program relies on National
categorical standards, prohibited discharge standards
and local limits. Part 1 of the document provides back-
ground information on pollutant levels in residential
wastewater and in wastewaters from commercial
sources, and characterizes toxic pollutant discharges
from these sources. Residential and commercial
source monitoring data summarized in Part 1 are in-
tended to supplement similar data found in the 1987
local limits guidance.
Keywords: "Water pollution abatement 'Water pollu-
tion standards, 'Waste water, 'Hazardous materials,
Industrial wastes, Industrial waste treatment. Residen-
tial sector, Water pollution sources, Metals, Sewage,
Landfills, Pollution regulations. Effluents,
•POTW(Publicly-Owned Treatment Works), 'Pretreat-
ment
PB93-209898/REB PC A09/MF A02
Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning. Ca-
pacity Planning Pursuant to CERCLA Section
104(cX9). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
May 93,188p EPA/530/R-93/014, OSWER-
DIRECTIVE-9010.02
The Guidance document advises states on how to
assure adequate hazardous waste treatment and dis-
posal capacity for meeting the requirements of Section
104(c)(9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or
'Superfund'), as amended, by preparing 1993 Hazard-
ous Waste Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPs). It super-
sedes similar guidance documents issued in Decem-
ber 1988 and April 1991, and should be used by states
for the 1993 Capacity Assurance Planning Process.
The document includes an overview of the Capacity
Assurance Planning Process, baseyear data, projec-
tions, and addressing shortfalls.
Keywords: 'Superfund, 'Waste management, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Waste disposal, Waste processing
plants, Waste recycling, Waste utilization, Pollution
regulations, Remediation, Guidelines, Forecasting,
Requirements, 'Capacity assurance plans.
PB93-209989/REB PC A16/MF A03
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
National Radon Measurement Proficiency Pro-
gram: Individual Proficiency Report.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jul 93, 375p EPA/402/R-93/079
Contract EPA-68-D2-0131
See also PB93-209997 and PB93-139673. Sponsored
by Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
The report will assist State, EPA Regions, and local
government officials in providing advice to the public
on the selection of proficient radon measurement con-
tractors. The Report is a listing of 1,000 individual con-
tractors who have met the requirements of EPA's Na-
tional Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) Pro-
gram as of July 15, 1993. Each contractor is listed by
name, RMP individual and organization identification
numbers, company name, address, phone number,
and geographic service area.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution
monitoring. Contractors, Listings, Pollution regulations,
Requirements, Performance standards, Buildings,
Public information, National Radon Proficiency Pro-
gram.
PB93-209997/REB PC A11/MF A03
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
National Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Pro-
gram. Proficiency Report, July 1993.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jul 93,249p EPA/402/R-93/080
Contract EPA-68-D2-0131
See also PB93-209989 and PB93-139665. Sponsored
by Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
The report will assist State, EPA Regions, and local
government officials in providing advice to the public
on the selection of proficient radon mitigation contrac-
tors. The Report is a listing of 853 contractors who
have met the requirements of EPA's National Radon
Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Program as of July 15,
1993. Each contractor is listed by name, RCP identifi-
cation number, company name, address, phone
number, and geographic service area.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution
control, Contractors, Listings, Pollution regulations,
Requirements, Performance standards, Buildings,
Public information. National Radon Contractor Profi-
ciency Program.
PB93-210110/REB PC A19/MF A04
California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
Research D'rv.
Survey of Medical Waste Incinerators and Emis-
sions Control, final rept.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
R. G. Barton, D. W. Hansell, D. Furlong, G. R. Hassell,
and W. S. Lanier. Jan 92,440p ARB-R-93/462
Contract ARB-A832-155
See also PB90-259946. Sponsored by California State
Air Resources Board, Sacramento. Research Div., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report contains two volumes. Volume I of the
report assesses the state-of-the-art of medical waste
thermal treatment. The program involved a survey of
existing information on medical waste treatment. This
information was combined with data from municipal
and hazardous waste combustion to identify potential
mechanisms responsible for toxic emissions. Manu-
facturers of combustion and flue gas cleaning equip-
ment were contacted. Information on current design
practice was obtained. Volume II was prepared to
assist local air pollution management districts imple-
ment Section 93104, Title 17, of the California Code of
Regulations. Section 93104 places restrictions on po-
lychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorodi-
benzofurans (PCDF) emission levels and medical
waste incinerator operating parameters which may
affect PCDD/PCDF emissions. Part I of Volume II pro-
vides direct guidance for implementing the regulations.
Part II provides background information on the oper-
ation and capabilities of flue gas cleaning systems
used to control paniculate, acid gas, metals, and
PCDD/PCDF emissions.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Heat treatment,
'Air pollution control, 'Incinerators, 'Waste disposal,
'Air pollution control equipment, Hospital solid wastes,
State of the art, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, Poly-
chlorinated dibenzofurans, Combustion products, Ra-
dioactive materials, Toxic substances, Pollution regu-
lations, Implementation, Flue gas, Metals, Acidifica-
tion, 'Medical wastes, 'Emissions control.
PB93-210193/REB PC A03/MF A01
Water Quality in Illinois, 1990-1991. Biennial rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
C. Northrop. Jan 93,12p IEAP/WPC-92-224
See also PB92-223023.
The report is a summary of the 305(b) 'Illinois Water
Quality Report'. It highlights the 1990 - 1991 water
quality conditions of Illinois' rivers, streams, inland
lakes, Lake Michigan, and groundwater. The report
also outlines current water quality issues and the
lEPA's water pollution control programs.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Illinois, 'Water pollution
control, Water quality data, Nonpoint sources, Water
quality management, Surface waters, Ground water,
Toxic substances, Organic compounds, Fishes, Sedi-
ments, Water quality standards, Lakes, Rivers, Zebra
mussels.
PB93-210219/REB PC A03/MF A01
Xeriscape Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and
Using Resources Efficiently.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Apr 93,20p EPA/840/B-93/001
One can have stunning gardens and lawns-and save
water, prevent pollution, and protect the environment,
too-by employing a form of landscaping called Xeris-
cape landscaping. Defined as 'quality landscaping that
conserves water and protects the environment', Xeris-
cape produces attractive landscapes that use less
water because they're based on designs and plants
suited to the locale. The booklet describes Xeriscaping
and its many benefits, cites some successful exam-
ples, and provides a short bibliography and contact/
reference list.
Keywords: 'Landscaping, 'Water conservatipn, Envi-
ronmental protection, Turf grasses, Irrigation, Soil
analysis, Mulching, 'Xeriscape.
PB93-210250/REB PC A05/MF A02
User's Guide to CAL3QHC Version 2.0: A Modeling
Methodology for Predicting Pollutant Concentra-
tions Near Roadway Intersections.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 92, 98p EPA/454/R-92/006
See also PB85-211498 and PB93-105559.
CAL3QHC is a microcomputer based model to predict
carbon monoxide (CO) or other inert pollutant concen-
trations from motor vehicles at roadway intersections.
The model includes the CALINE-3 line source disper-
sion model and a traffic algorithm for estimating vehic-
ular queue lengths at signalized intersections.
CAL3QHC enhances CAUNE-3 by incorporating
methods for estimating queue lengths and the contri-
bution of emissions from idling vehicles. The model
permits the estimation of total air pollution concentra-
tions from both moving and idling vehicles. It is a reli-
able tool for predicting concentrations of inert air pol-
lutants near signalized intersections. Because idle
emissions account for a substantial portion of the total
emissions at an intersection, the model is relatively in-
sensitive to traffic speed, a parameter difficult to pre-
dict with a high degree of accuracy on congested
urban roadways without a substantial data collection
effort.
Keywords: 'Air pollution monitoring, 'Intersections,
'Motor vehicles, Computerized simulation, User
December 1993 21
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
manuals(Computer programs), Exhaust emissions,
Carbon monoxide. Idling, Roads, Air pollution sources,
Exhaust gas dispersion. Meteorological data,
CAL3QHC model, CALINE-3 model.
PB93-210300/REB PC A04/MF A01
Commitment to Watershed Protection: A Review
of the Clean Lakes Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds.
Fob 93,60p EPA/841 /R-93/001
See also PB93-210375, PB88-230719 and PB93-
207926.
Contents: Introduction; Lessons Learned from the
Clean Lakes Program; Effects of the dean Lakes Pro-
gram; How it Came to Be-History and Structure, Re-
sources; Tables; Figure.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Lakes, 'Surface
waters, 'Reservoirs, Watersheds, Citizen participation,
Financial assistance, Local government State govern-
ment National government Technical assistance,
American Indians, Grants, History, Protection, Aquatic
ecosystems. Assessments, Fmancma US EPA,
Tabtes(Data), Restoration, Clean Lakes Program, Vol-
unteers.
PB93-210359/REB PC A20/MF AM
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guidance on the Application of Refined Disper-
sion Models for Hazardous/Toxic Air Releases.
Fnalrept
Radan Corp., Austin, TX.
May 93,456p EPA/454/R-93/002
Contract EPA-68-D00125
Supersedes PB91-190983. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document provides general guidance on charac-
terizing hazardous air pollutant releases and shows
how to apply appropriate dispersion models. Specifi-
cally, it Helps determine Kkefy or reasonable storage
conditions for specific chemicals for which a release
might occur; Helps determine release classes (e.g.,
liquid or gaseous phase) of a hazardous release; De-
fines the steps to be taken when determining if a re-
tease should be considered a dense gas release (and
thus require the use of a model capable of such a sim-
ulation); Defines the methods used to determine the
input variables used by commonly-used refined
models in the public domain; Points out the implica-
tions and effects of various choices for input informa-
tion; Shows, by example, the calculation of the input
variables used by the models; Describes the outputs
available from the models; and Discusses how to de-
termine the input that gives the "worst-case' impact
conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Hazardous materials
spis, 'Accidents, Aerosote, Air quality display model,
Dispersions. Chemical spills, Mathematical models.
Toxic hazards, Computerized simulation, Scenarios,
Releasing, Ammonia, Chlorine, Hydrogen fluoride. Hy-
drogen chloride, Sulfur dioxide, Ethytene oxide.
PBW-210387/REB PC A14/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Workbook of Screening Techniques for Assess-
ing Impacts of Toxic Air Pollutants (Revised). Final
rept
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Dec 92,307p EPA/454/R-92/024
Contract EPA-68-DO-0124
Supersedes PB89-134340. See also PB86-245248
and P888-150958. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The workbook provides a logical approach to the se-
lection of appropriate screening techniques for esti-
mating ambient concentrations due to various toxic/
hazardous pollutant releases. Methods used in the
workbook apply to situations where a release can be
fairty well-defined, a condition typically associated with
non-accidental toxic releases. The format of the work-
book is built around a series of release scenarios
which may be considered typical and representative of
the means by which toxic chemicals become airborne.
Keywords: 'Air pollution effects, 'Toxicity, 'Environ-
mental impacts. Hazardous materials, Mathematical
models, Ambient air quality, Pollutant sources, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Meteorological data, Screening,
Tests.
PB93-210375/REB PC A1S/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds.
Fish and Fisheries Management in Lakes and Res-
ervoirs. Technical Supplement to the Lake and
Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual.
Terrene Inst, Inc., Washington, DC.
1993,326p EPA/841 /R-93/002
See also PB93-210300, PB93-203982 and PB93-
207926. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Wetlands, Oceans
and Watersheds.
Fish, however, are an integral component of lake and
reservoir ecosystems. In addition to being a desired re-
source for lake users, they play important roles in
energy flows, nutrient cycling, and maintaining com-
munity balance. The physical, chemical, and biological
characteristics of a lake or reservoir are major determi-
nants of the types, number, and size of fish available
for harvest At the same time, fisheries management
affects not only fish and the quality of fishing but also
the ecosystem as a whole. The manual is written to
provide water quality managers with a better under-
standing of the concepts and techniques of fisheries
management as well as the rote of fish in the lake eco-
system and the potential use of fish management as
one method for improving and maintaining water qual-
ity-
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Lakes, 'Reser-
voirs, 'Fisheries, Manuals, Fresh water fishes, Aquatic
ecosystems, Nutrients, Technical assistance,
Reproduction(Biology), Hydrology, Phytoplankton,
Growth, Invertebrates, Populations, Government
agencies, State government Toxicity, Quality assur-
ance, Chemical analysis, 'Restoration, 'Water quality
management.
PB93-210383/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Determination of Volatile Organic Content In Ul-
traviolet Radiation-Cured Coatings: Method De-
velopment Final rept.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. E. Rckman, ft. K. M. Jayarrty, and L V. Jaffe. Feb
93,132pRTI/5960/132-01D, EPA/454/R-93/007
Contract EPA-68-D1-0009
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Volatile organic compounds are important contributors
to the formation of ozone in photochemical smog. To
reduce the concentration of ozone in the environment
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently
regulates volatile organic emissions from surface coat-
ings. Current regulations require the measurement of
volatile organic content of surface coatings. The cur-
rent EPA measurement method (EPA Method 24) is
not suited for use with coatings that are cured with ul-
traviolet (uv) radiation. To meet its regulatory needs,
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards has
implemented the development of a new method for
measuring the volatile organic content of uv-cured
coatings. The report describes the review of the Ameri-
can Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method
and the development of a new EPA Draft Method for
determination of volatile matter content from uv-cured
coatings.
Keywords: 'Volatility, 'Organic compounds, 'Coat-
ings, Epoxy coatings. Acrylic resins, Polystyrene,
TrSols, Curing, Ultraviolet radiation, Ozone, Photo-
chemical reactions, Smog.
PB93-210391/REB PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guideline for Modeling Carbon Monoxide from
Roadway Intersections.
Sigma Research Corp., Concord, MA.
D. C. DiCristofaro. Nov 92,58p EPA/454/R-92/005
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The guideline is designed to evaluate air quality im-
pacts at one or more roadway intersections where ve-
hicular traffic will cause or contribute to increased
emissions of carbon monoxide (CO). The explicit pur-
pose of the guideline is to provide a consistent, scien-
tifically acceptable method for estimating the air qual-
ity impacts of vehicular traffic at intersections to deter-
mine if such impacts may exceed the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Air pollution monitor-
ing, 'Urban intersections. Air quality display model, Ex-
haust emissions. Automobile exhaust, Environmental
impacts, Traffic congestion, Atmospheric diffusion,
NAAQS(National Ambient Air Quality Standards).
PB93-211985/REB PC A21/MF A04
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
What Controls Phytoplankton Production in Nutri-
ent-Rich Areas of the Open Sea.
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography,
Walla Walla, WA.
S. W. Chisholm, and F. M. M. Morel. c1991,489p EPA/
600/R-93/120
Presented at the American Society of Limnology and
Oceanography Symposium, San Marcos, CA., Febru-
ary 22-24, 1991, y36 n8. See also PB86-140886.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
The oceans play a critical rote in regulating the global
carbon cycle. Deep-ocean waters are roughly 200%
supersaturated with CO2 compared to surface waters,
which are in contact with the atmosphere. The differ-
ence is due to the flux of photosynthetically derived or-
ganic material from surface to deep waters and its sub-
sequent remineralization, i.e. the 'biological pump'.
The pump is a complex phytoplankton-based ecosys-
tem. It is driven by sunlight, and fueled by the supply of
inorganic nutrients derived primarily from the deep
ocean. In areas of the oceans where inorganic N and P
are effectively exhausted by phytoplankton in surface
waters during the growing season, the pump functions
at maximal efficiency: The transport of carbon to depth
is limited by the flux of N and P into the surface waters.
In the Southern Ocean, near the equator, and in the
subarctic Pacific, however, relatively high concentra-
tions of nitrate arid phosphate are found in the surface
waters throughout the year, and phytoplankton bio-
mass and net production are much lower than would
be expected based on the availability of major nutri-
ents. (Copyright (c) 1991, by the American Society of
Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Limnology, 'Biological
productivity, 'Southern Ocean, 'Pacific Ocean, Arctic
regions, Nutrients, Carbon dioxide cycle, Global warm-
ing, Atmosphere, Bkxnass, Deep water, Inorganic ni-
trates, Phosphates, Organic compounds, Surface
waters, Tables(Data), Greenhouse gases. Biological
pump.
PB93-212025/REB PC A05/MF A01
Sampling and Analysis Procedures for Screening
of Industrial Effluents for Priority Pollutants (Re-
vised).
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Apr77,77p
The publication contains guidelines for sampling and
analysis of industrial wastes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution sampling, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
Guidelines, US EPA, Standards, Laboratory equip-
ment Gas chromatography. Purging, Mass spectrom-
eters, Quality assurance, Waste treatment Liquids,
Quantative analysis. Qualitative analysis, Phenols,
Metals, Cyanides, Test methods.
PB93-212033/REB PC A01/MF A01
Partners Rebuilding America: Public-Private Part-
nerships hi Wastewater Finance. Fact sheet.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
May 93,4p EPA/832/F-93/004
The fact sheet outlines how the federal government
has participated in partnerships with the states and
local governments to dean and protect our nation's
22 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
waters, and now has broadened this partnership to in-
clude the private sector.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Water pollution eco-
nomics, 'Water quality management, 'Finances,
'Interagency cooperation, National government, State
government, Cost repayment, Pollution regulations,
Water pollution abatement, 'Public-private partner-
ships, "Private sector, Partners Rebuilding America
program, State revolving funds, Publicly owned treat-
ment works, Cooperative agreements.
PB93-212041/REB PC A13/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Catalog of Materials as Potential Sources of
Indoor Air Emissions. Volume 1. Insulation, Wall-
coverings, Resilient Floor Coverings, Carpet, Ad-
heslves, Sealants and Caulks, and Pesticides.
Final rept. Sep 91-Sep 92.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. E. Leininger, K. A. Scott, E. C. Sarsony, L. C. Huff,
and C. R. Blackley. Jun 93, 295p EPA/600/R-93/
108 A
Contract EPA-68-D1-0031
See also PB91-231134. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The catalog presents a discussion of and data on con-
stituents and emissions from products that have the
potential to impact the indoor air environment. The
Catalog is intended as a tool to be used by researchers
to help organize the study of materials as potential
sources of indoor air emmisions. Included in the cata-
log are sections on seven product categories: insula-
tion, wallcoverings, resilient floor coverings, carpet,
adhesives, sealants and caulks, and pesticides. Each
section presents a classification scheme for the prod-
uct category, sales and usage volume data, qualitative
data on product composition, and quantitative and
qualitative data on emission rates to the indoor air.
Emissions information is presented only for volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOCs) because these are the com-
pounds most likely to be emitted from materials found
in homes and office buildings. Data tables summariz-
ing available emissions and constituent data are pro-
vided, and are organized according to the classifica-
tion scheme presented for each product category.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution sources,
'Construction materials, 'Catalogs, Pesticides, Insula-
tion, Floor coverings, Adhesives, Sealing compounds,
Sealers, Emissions, Volatile organic compounds.
PB93-212058/REB PC A09/MF A02
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Research Plan and Methods Manual for the
Oregon Wetlands Study.
Magee (Teresa K), Corvallis, OR.
T. K. Magee, S. E. Gwin, R. G. Gibson, C. C. Holland,
and J. Honea. Apr 93,185p EPA/600/R-93/072
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
See also PB90-261512. Prepared in cooperation with
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
The goals of the Oregon Wetlands Study are to devel-
op a monitoring method for characterizing and com-
paring natural and project freshwater, emergent wet-
lands in different land use settings, and to obtain infor-
mation that will improve wetland management strate-
gies employing restoration and creation in replace-
ment of permitted wetland losses. Four study objec-
tives addressing these needs for freshwater palustrine
wetlands dominated by emergent vegetation and open
water are: (1) determine the number of wetlands con-
verted to other landtypes and identify causes of direct
loss, (2) evaluate the relationships between surround-
ing land uses and attainable quality of wetlands, (3)
evaluate the replacement potential of wetlands to aid
in development of performance criteria for projects,
and(4) evaluate how project design and implementa-
tion affect replacement potential to facilitate develop-
ment of design guidelines. Sampling will be focused on
populations of wetlands. The study area is located in
the metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon. Aspects of
vegetation, soils, hydrology, wetland morphology, and
extent of buffers will be sampled systematically using a
grid of transects.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Swamps, 'Construc-
tion, 'Water pollution sampling, Manuals, Licenses,
Fresh water, Land use, Aquatic ecosystems, Vegeta-
tion, Soils, Buffers, Hydrology, Field tests, Quality as-
surance. Maps, Tables(Data), Clean Water Act, Popu-
lations, Natural wetlands, Artificial wetlands,
'Portland(Oregon).
PB93-212181/REB PC A13/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Field Test of a Generic Method for Halogenated
Hydrocarbons. Rept. for Sep 92-Sep 93.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. T. Bursey, R. G. Merrill, R. A. McAllister, and J. F.
McGaughey. 7 Jul 93, 277p EPA/600/R-93/101
Contract EPA-68-D1 -0010
See also PB93-180891. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The objective of the program was to perform a field
validation of the VOST and SemiVOST methods as
written at a coal fired power plant in a manner that will
allow the collection of sufficient valid data to be able to
establish the bias and precision of the methods for the
halogenated organic compounds listed in Title III of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Pesticides, poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzo-
dioxin, and dibenzofurans were excluded from the
study because EPA specific methods already exist for
these compounds. To achieve this objective, a field
test site was selected to allow access for the quadru-
ple sampling trains required for testing. Collection and
evaluation of the data followed one of the acceptable
approaches detailed in the EPA Method 301.
Keywords: 'Organic halogen compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, 'Field tests, Fossil-fuel power plants,
Stationary sources, Air pollution sampling, Chemical
analysis, Validation, Performance evaluation,
Tables
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-212314/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Recent Advances in Measuring Exhaled Breath
and Estimating Exposure and Body Burden for
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCS).
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Wallace. 10 Feb 93,24pEPA/600/A-93/142
Contracts EPA-68-02-3679, EPA-68-02-4544
See also PB88-100052. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
An improved portable breath measurement method
has been developed that allots one-minute sampling
times. The equipment has been successfully tested in
field and chamber studies. Results of these studies
suggest that breath levels following known exposures
are predictable and reproducible across a small
number of volunteers. The residence times in the body
and the distribution in body compartments of several
common air toxics have been determined. A simple
four-compartment linear model is capable of fitting the
observed data. The main parameters of the model in-
clude the fraction f of the parent compound exhaled
under steady-state conditions and the residence times
tau(sub i) in the ith compartment. The values of these
parameters for several volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and for the four body compartments (blood,
vessel-rich tissues, vessel-poor tissues, and fat) are
provided.
Keywords: 'Body burden, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Breath tests, Portable equipment Reproduc-
ibility of results, Test methods, Pharmacokinetics,
Tissue distribution, Monitors.
PB93-212322/REB PC A02/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program (NPAP).
Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
E. T. Hunike, and J. B. Elkins. May 93,8p EPA/600/A-
93/143
The National Performance Audit Program (NPAP) is
one of the major components in the quality assurance
of the Nation's air monitoring program. Over the last
several years and especially in 1993, the NPAP has
undergone a metamorphosis. The paper will explore
some of the forces behind this change as well as the
resulting changes which include expansion of the
NPAP to cover all the criteria pollutants, new audit
equipment design, more audit equipment, more sites
audited, and changes in the audit site selection proc-
ess. The paper will include a review of the audit equip-
ment used throughout the program's existence, an ex-
amination, pollutant by pollutant of the number of
audits performed each year beginning in 1989, and
other enhancements of the expanded NPAP.
Keywords: 'Air pollution standards, 'far pollution mon-
itoring, 'Air pollutants, Carbon monoxide, Lead(Metal),
Nitrogen dioxide. Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Parbculates,
Air pollution sources. Quality assurance,
*NPAP(National Performance Audit Program), Moni-
toring stations.
PB93-212330/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal AN- Exposures to
Particle*, Elements, and Nicotine for 178 Resi-
dents of Riverside, California.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. A. Wallace, H. Oezkaynak, J. D. Spender, E. D.
Pellizzari, and P. Jenkins. Jut 93,8p EPA/600/A-93/
144
Contract EPA-68-02-4544
See also PB93-166957. Prepared in cooperation with
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA., and
California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Personal, indoor, and outdoor concentrations of inha-
lable particles and 15 elements were measured for a
probability sample of 178 persons representing
139,000 nonsmoking residents of Riverside, California.
Newly designed personal monitors were employed.
Personal exposures often exceeded concurrent indoor
and outdoor concentrations, both for particles and for
14 of 15 associated elements. The increase appears
to be due to personal activities such as dusting, va-
cuuming, cooking, and sharing a home with a smoker.
This suggests that reduction of dust levels in the home
could decrease exposure to airborne particles.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Ambient air quality,
'Air pollution monitoring, Air pollution sources, Expo-
sure, Dust Nicotine, Particles, Chemical elements,
'Riverside(Califomia), Personal monitors.
P893-212348/REB PC A02/MF A01
NCI/EPA Agricultural Health Study (AHS): Devel-
opment of the Btomarker Questionnaire.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
C. J. Nelson, J. M. Clothier, G. Akland, and A. Bond. 21
Apr 91, 6p EPA/600/A-93/145
Presented at Measurement of Toxic and Related Air
Pollutants, Durham, NC., May 4-7, 1993. Prepared in
cooperation with Southwest Research Inst, San Anto-
nio, TX.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) have planned
a long-term prospective epidemiqlogic study of men,
women, and dependent children in agricultural areas
to identify and quantify cancer risks that may be asso-
ciated with pesticide usage. The paper covers the
types of questionnaires that are to be used in the
study. The main topic is the EPA developed question-
naire that was designed to assess total pesticide expo-
sure to the farm family. The EPA developed a ques-
tionnaire to assess previous pesticide use and prac-
tices, exposure while pesticides are being applied, and
any residue that may find its way into the home. The
questionnaire was administered to 3 farm families
during the spring of 1992. Activity logs were kept by
participants during the one week study period. A food
frequency log was kept of all food prepared during the
day of application and information was gathered on the
types of food used by the families, both locally pro-
duced and purchased from retail stores. Problems en-
countered during the administration of the question-
naire and steps taken to remedy the problems will be
Keywords: 'Biological markers, 'Pesticides, 'Health
hazards, 'Agricultural worker's diseases, 'Question-
naires, Occupational safety and health, Toxicology,
Diet records, Families, Prospective studies, Epidemiol-
ogy.
PB93-2123SS/REB PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Rapid Phase IndentfflcatJon of Mixed Crystalline
Solids. Symposium paper.
Oregon Graduate Inst of Science and Technology,
Beaverton.
J. T. Stanley, C. D. Palmer, D. A. Downham, A. M.
Johansen, and J. McCarthy. c1992,17p EPA/600/A-
93/146
Grant EPA-R-819665
Proceedings of Symposia held at the TMS Annual
Meeting, Denver, CO., February 21-25, 1993. Pub. in
the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, D433-445.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Amorphous precipitates, minerals, and mineral sur-
faces are important factors in the cleanup of waste
sites. It is necessary, therefore, to accurately identify
the composition and crystalline form of the minerals in
soils, sediments, and waste products before it is possi-
ble to quantify the impact of disturbance to environ-
mental systems or to design practical remediation
schemes. However, phase identification in metal-con-
taminated soils is difficult because of the multitude of
phases present their variable degree of crystallinity,
and the low percentages of the active/hazardous
phases of interest The objectives of the paper are to
outline the need for such rapid phase identification in
environmental problems, describe the methodologies
currently investigated, and to present some prelimi-
nary observations.
Keywords: 'Phase studies, 'Chromium, 'Soil chemis-
try, Soil analysis, Chemical analysis, Land pollution,
Crystal-phase transformations, Electron microscopy, X
ray spectroscopy, Computerized simulation, Reprints,
Waste characterization, Remediation.
PB93-212363/REB PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Evaluation of the Mathematical
Model for In situ Aquifer Restoration Processes.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
T. E. Short, and G. T. Yeh. 1993,10p EPA/600/A-93/
147
Pub. in Advances in Hydro-Science and Engineering,
v1 ptB p1807-1812. See also PB90-186305 and PB91-
182345. Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania
State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
An experimental investigation using an artificial aquifer
was conducted on in-situ denitrification. Methanol sub-
strate was injected into the aquifer to enable denitrify-
ing bacterial to convert the nitrates into nitrogen. The
experiment in the study provided a data base that was
used to evaluate mathematical simulations of the proc-
esses involved. Numerical dispersion was found to be
a critical characteristic of the numerical solution tech-
nique. Density drive and plugging of the aquifer due to
biological growths were found to be important proc-
esses that need to be considered in future simulations.
Keywords: 'Denitrification, 'Water pollution control,
'Aquifers, 'Mathematical models, 'Remedial action,
In-situ processing, Hydrology, Experimental design,
Substrates, Anaerobic processes, Chemical reactions,
Biodegradation, Microorganisms, Environmental trans-
port. Reprints.
PB93-212371/REB PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating Parameter Estimation Techniques Ap-
plied In Vadose Zone Modeling.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. W. Weaver, J. Johnson, V. Ravi, and B. K. Lien.
1993,16p EPA/600/A-93/148
Pub. in International Ground Water Modeling Center,
p1-115-1-126 Jun 93. Prepared in cooperation with
Dynamac Corp., Ada, OK.
The paper discusses vadose zone parameter estima-
tion techniques that may be used in lieu of measured
parameter values. In particular, two different data
oases that provide generic parameter estimates are
reviewed. The effects of parameter variability on
vadose zone NAPL flow are illustrated through usage
of the Kinematic Oily Pollutant Transport (KOPT)
model. The model simulated a laboratory experiment
where gasoline was released into a one-meter long
chromatography column. The model input parameter
were measured, and the position of the leading edge
of the gasoline was recorded as a function of time from
the experiment. Simulations that use measured or tab-
ulated parameter sets were compared with the experi-
mental data, which represents the correct response of
the system to the gasoline input. To assess the impact
of using tabulated parameters Monte Carlo simulations
were performed using correlated parameter sets gen-
erated from the tabulations. These results show that
wide distributions of the parameters are required to
capture likely variability in input parameter values.
Keywords: 'Ground water movement, 'Path of pollut-
ants, 'Parametric analysis, Computerized simulation,
Vadose water, Water pollution detection, Soil water
movement, Gasoline, Hydraulic properties, Reprints,
'Vadose zone, KOPT(Kinematic Oily Pollutant Trans-
port).
PB93-212389/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
EPA's Information Management System for Track-
ing Reasonable Further Progress. Rept. for Oct 92-
May 93.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
W. R. Barnard, C. C. Monroe, and T. A. Dean. 1993,
17p EPA/600/A-93/149
Contract EPA-68-D1-0146
Presented at the Annual Conference, Air and Waste
Management Association (86th), Denver, CO., June
13-18, 1993. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Eneigy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper describes operating characteristics of a per-
sonal-computer (PC)-based Reasonable Further
24 Vol. 93, No. 4
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Progress (RFP) tracking system developed for use by
EPA to evaluate the progress that nonattainment
areas are making toward meeting a 15% volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) reduction specified in the
Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. Details of
the program's capabilities, file handling, reporting, and
graphics are reported. In order to track the emission
reductions resulting from these strategies, emissions
reported in the RFP projection inventories will be com-
pared with actual emissions reported in periodic ad-
justed-base inventories, that are also required by the
CAAA. However, the comparison will take place a
number of years in the future.
Keywords'. 'Air pollution control, *Air pollution monitor-
ing, 'Information systems, Implementation air pollution
planning, Air quality maintenance. Air pollution
sources, Emissions, State government, Local govern-
ment, User manuals(Computer programs),
*RFP(Reasonable Further Progress), Tracking sys-
tems, Emission inventories, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB93-212397/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
IAQPC: An Indoor Air Quality Simulator. Rept. for
Jun-Dec 88.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. K. Owen, P. A. Lawless, T. Yamamoto, and D. S.
Ensor. 1993,20p EPA/600/A-93/150
Grant EPA-R-814169-03
Presented at Indoor Air Quality '89, San Diego, CA.,
April 17-20, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
An Indoor Air Quality Simulator for Personal Comput-
ers (JAQPC) has been developed in response to the
growing need for quick, accurate predictions of indoor
air contamination levels. Heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning (HVAC) system designers need ways to
determine if a planned system will ensure the health of
building occupants. Scientists will find the program
useful as an experimental design aid. Building mainte-
nance personnel will be able to use it to determine ap-
proaches that will alleviate contamination problems.
Version 2 of the IAQPC extends Version 1 with more
extensive input menus and output options. Improved
algorithms for contaminant transport and flow have
been incorporated. The program models up to six pol-
lutants concurrently for buildings of up to 20 rooms. It
allows inclusion of sources, sinks, and air cleaners and
can be adapted to a wide range of structures. The al-
gorithms used to determine the concentrations have
Been tested against experimental data and found to
yield accurate predictions. The paper describes the
model's inputs, calculations, and outputs and presents
a case study performed with the model.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, *Air flow, •Computer-
ized simulation, User manuals(Cpmputer programs),
Air conditioning equipment, Ventilation, Heating sys-
tems, Sinks, Air pollution sources. Air cleaners, Re-
prints, *IAQPC(lndoor Air Quality Simulator for Person-
al Computers).
PB93-212405/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Relating Air Cleaner Efficiency to Indoor Air Qual-
ity. Rept for Oct 91 -Mar 92.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. K. Owen, D. S. Ensor, P. A. Lawless, J. T. Hanley,
and L E. Sparks. 1992,19p EPA/600/A-93/151
Grant EPA-R-817083
Presented at ASHRAE IAQ 1992, San Francisco, CA.,
October 18-21, 1992. See also PB91-205153 and
PB91-205161. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study of a single-story
office building, relating air cleaner efficiency to indoor
air quality. Predicting the improvement in indoor air
quality due to in-duct air cleaners is an important
aspect of ventilation system design. The effects of per-
centage of outdoor makeup air, filtration, and occupan-
cy on mass concentrations and particle size distribu-
tions were recorded. Particle size dependent filtration
efficiencies for a variety of air cleaners, including those
in use in the test building, were determined. A multi-
zone indoor air quality simulator, IAQPC, was used to
simulate the conditions in the building. The building's
layout, ventilation system design, and filtration efficien-
cy data were entered. A comparison of simulator to ex-
perimental results showed good agreement. To deter-
mine the effect of various mitigation procedures,
IAQPC and the building's data set were used to model
the air concentrations for several types of filters and
an electronic air cleaner. In addition, the effect of
changing sources was examined.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Office buildings, *Air
pollution control equipment, Air filters. Ventilation, Air
conditioning equipment. Air intakes, Aerosols, Air qual-
ity, Air circulation, Computerized simulation, Reprints,
IAQPC(lndoor Air Quality Simulator for Personal Com-
puters).
PB93-212413/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
EPA's Photovoltaic Demand-Side Management
Cost-Shared Demonstrations. Rept. for Sep 92-Feb
93.
Ascension Technology, Inc., Lincoln Center, MA.
E. C. Kern, and R. J. Spiegel. 1993,8p EPA/600/A-
93/152
Contract EPA-68-D2-0148
Presented at American Solar Energy Society Confer-
ence held in Washington, DC. on April 22-28, 1993.
See also DE83017776. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses an investigation of how photoyol-
taics (PV) may be used as bom a pollution-mitigating
energy replacement for fossil fuels and a demand-side
management (DSM) option to reduce peak electrical
demands of commercial and residential buildings.
Eleven electric utilities are partners in this first nation-
wide demonstration of PV DSM. The approach is to in-
stall and monitor standardized PV systems in diverse
geographic areas with varying solar energy resource
and electric power demand, production, and cost con-
ditions. The systems will be monitored for a year to
record direct and diffuse irradiance, ambient air tem-
perature, PV power generation, and building loads.
Utilities will provide the electric system operations data
needed to determine the pollution mitigation and peak
demand reduction that can result from the PV electri-
cal power generation.
Keywords: 'Pollution abatement, 'Photovoltaic power
supplies, 'Energy demand, 'Electric power genera-
tion, US EPA, Power demand, Demand(Economics),
Solar energy, Performance evaluation, Energy
sources, Cost analysis, Electric utilities, Demand side
management.
PB93-212421/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Indus-
try. Rept for May-Dec 92.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. R. Harrison, R. M. Cowgill, L M. Campbell, and R.
A. Lott 1993,12p EPA/600/A-93/153
Contract EPA-68-D1 -0031
Presented at Air and Waste Management Association,
National Conference, Denver, CO., June 13-18, 1993.
Prepared in cooperation with Gas Research Inst., Chi-
cago, IL Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses a project to quantify methane
(CH4) emissions from the U.S. natural gas industry.
The study will measure or calculate all gas industry
CH4 emissions-from production at the wellhead,
through the system, to the customer's meter. Emis-
sions downstream of the consumer's meter, such as
the end-user's burner emissions, are not included.
When these data are combined with data from other
studies, a definite comparison of the relative environ-
mental impact of using natural gas versus other fuels
will be possible. The study will also provide data that
can be used by the industry to identify cost-effective
mitigation techniques to reduce losses.
Keywords: 'Natural gas industry, 'Emission factors,
Leakage, Pipelines, Gas wells. Natural gas distribution
systems, Methane, Global warming, Greenhouse
effect, Well heads, Stationary sources. Air pollution
control, Environmental impacts.
PB93-212439/REB PC A03/MF A01
EPA's Research in LCA Methodology.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
M. A. Curran, and B. W. Vigon. 1993,12p EPA/600/A-
93/154
Pub. in Air and Waste Management Association Con-
ference (86th), Denver, CO., June 13-18, 1993. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Battelle, Columbus, OH.
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technical, data-
based and holistic approach to define and subse-
quently reduce the environmental burdens associated
with a product, process, or activity by identifying and
quantifying energy and material usage and waste dis-
charges, assessing the impact of those wastes on the
environment, and evaluating and implementing oppor-
tunities to effect environmental improvements. The as-
sessment includes the entire life-cycle of the product,
process or activity encompassing extraction and proc-
essing of raw materials, manufacturing, transportation
and distribution, use/reuse, recycling and final dispos-
al. LCA is a useful tool for evaluating the environmen-
tal consequences of a product, process, or activity,
however, current applications of LCA have not been
performed in consistent or easily understood ways.
The EPA recognized the need to develop an LCA
framework which could be used to provide consistent
use across the board. Also, additional research is
needed to enhance the understanding about the steps
in the performance of an LCA and its appropriate
usage. The paper will present the research activities of
the EPA leading toward the development of an accept-
able method for conducting LCA's.
Keywords: 'Service life, 'Environment pollution, 'En-
vironmental protection, Pollution control, Pollution
abatement, Waste disposal, Waste recycling, Waste
management, Manufacturing, Production, Acquisition,
Maintenance, Reprints.
PB93-212447/REB PC A02/MF A01
Pollution Prevention Research Ongoing: EPA's
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. M. Freeman, and P. M. Randall. C1993,7p EPA/
600/J-93/237
Pub in Jnl. for Cleaner Production, v1 n1 p33-37 1993.
See also PB92-213206, PB93-107266 and PB93-
139681.
The mission of the Risk Reduction Engineering Labo-
ratory is to advance the understanding, development
and application of engineering solutions for the pre-
vention or reduction of risks from environmental con-
tamination. The mission is accomplished through basic
and applied research studies, engineering technology
evaluations, new process developments and demon-
stration studies. The paper provides an overview of the
ongoing pollution prevention research that supports
this mission. (Copyright (c) 1993 Butterworth-Heine-
mann Ltd.).
Keywords: 'Environment pollution, 'Pollution control,
•Pollution abatement, Environmental protection,
Waste disposal, Waste recycling, Waste management,
Service life, Technology transfer, Risk assessment,
Public health, Reprints, 'Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory, Research and development.
PB93-212454/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR.
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Primary Pro-
duction along Latitudinal Transects In the South
Pacific Ocean. Journal article.
AScI Corp., Newport, OR.
M Behrendeld, J. Hardy, H. Gucinski, A. Hanneman,
andH. Lee. C1993,16p EPA/600/J-93/238
Contract EPA-68-CO-0051
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v35 p349-363
1993. See also PB93-199545. Prepared in cooperation
with Huxley Coll. of Environmental Studies, Belling-
ham, WA., and ManTech Environmental Technology,
Inc., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Narragansett Newport, OR.
Ambient intensities of solar ultraviolet radiation inhibit
photosynthesis in the upper layers of the oceans. The
effect of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) (290-320 nm)
on marine phytoplankton carbon fixation during two
December 1993 25
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
latitudinal transects through the South Pacific ocean
was measured to determine a dose-response model
for estimating UVBR effects in natural surface popula-
tions and to identify latitudinal variation in UVBR sensi-
tivity. Photoinhibition increased linearly with increasing
doses of UVBR as weighted by the DNA action spec-
trum, with no apparent threshold for effect The dose-
rate response was nearly constant at low latitudes but
varied at higher latitudes. Ambient intensities of UVBR
cause photoinhibition and it is likely that even small in-
creases in surface UVBR will cause additional photo-
damage. (Copyright (c) 1993 Elsevier Science Publish-
ers.)
Keywords: *Phytoplankton, 'Biological radiation ef-
fects, 'Solar radiation, 'Ultraviolet radiation. Photo-
synthesis, Primary biological productivity, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Aquatic ecosystems. Marine bi-
ology, Pacific Ocean, Marine algae.
PB93-212462/REB PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact* of Section 404 Permits Requiring Com-
pensatory Mitigation of Freshwater Wetlands In
Texas and Arkansas. Journal article.
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR.
J. C. Sifneos, M. E. Kentula, and P. Price. c1993,13p
EPA/600/J-93/239
Pub. in Texas Jnl. of Science, v44 n4 D475-485 1992.
See also PB93-212512. PB92-153907 and PB92-
217439. Prepared in cooperation with Price (Paul) As-
sociates, Inc., Austin, TX. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The authors analyzed data from Section 404 permits
issued in Texas and Arkansas from 1962 through 1986
that required compensatory mitigation for alteration of
freshwater wetlands. The location, area, wetland type,
and other data describing the impacted and compen-
satory wetlands were compiled and analyzed. Informa-
tion contained in the permit record was analyzed. No
judgement was made as to whether there was compli-
ance with the terms of the permit or whether the com-
pensated wetland replaced the ecological functions of
the wetland destroyed. Losses of wetland functions
associated with wildlife and fisheries habitat most
commonly were documented. Accurate reporting of
the effect of Section 404 permits on the wetland area
was difficult for a number of reasons. For example, no
area information was listed in the permit record for 14
percent of the impacted wetlands and seven percent
of the compensated wetlands.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Licenses,
•water pollution effects, 'Construction, dean Water
Act, Replacing, Aquatic ecosystems, Fresh water,
Wildlife, Habitats, Fisheries, Texas. Arkansas, Trends,
Losses, Compliance, Mitigation, Reprints, 'Wetlands.
PB93-212470/REB PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Crested and Natural Freshwater
Emergent Wetlands In Connecticut (USA). Journal
srbciG
Connecticut Coll., New London. Dept of Botany.
S.R. Confer, and W. A. Niering.c1992,17p EPA/600/
J-93/240
Pub. in Wetlands Ecology and Management, v2 n3
P143-156 1992. See also PB91-179101 and PB92-
136811. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Five three- to four-year ok) created palustrine/emer-
gent wetland sites were compared with five nearby
natural wetlands of comparable size and type. Hydro-
logic, soil and vegetation data were compiled over a
nearly two-year period (1988-90). Created sites, which
were located along major highways, exhibited more
open water, greater water depth, and greater fluctua-
tion in water depth than natural wetlands. Typical wet-
land soils exhibiting mottling and organic accumulation
were wanting in created sites as compared with natural
sites. Typha latifolia (common cattail) was the charac-
teristic emergent vegetation at created sites, whereas
a more diverse mosaic of emergent wetland species
was often associated with Typha at the natural sites.
Species richness was slightly higher in created vs. nat-
ural wetlands, but the mean difference was not signifi-
cant The study suggest the possibility of creating
small palustrine/emergent wetlands having certain
functions associated with natural wetlands, such as
flood water storage, sediment accretion and wildlife
habitat It is premature to evaluate fully the outcome of
these wetland creation efforts. A decade or more is
needed, emphasizing the importance of long term
monitoring and the need to establish demonstration
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Swamps, 'Wetlands, Aquatic
ecosystems, Fresh water, Sites, Comparison, Soil
properties, Mitigation, Water storage, Species diversi-
ty, Flooding, Monitoring, Clean Water Act, Connecti-
cut, Tabtes(Data), Reprints, 'Natural wetlands, Typha
latifolia. Cattails, 'Artificial wetlands.
PB93-212488/REB PC A03/MF A01
National Critical Loads Framework for Atmos-
pheric Deposition Effects Assessment I. Method
Summary. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
T. C. Strickland, G. R. HoWren, P. L RingoM, D.
Bernard, and K. Smythe. c1993,12p EPA/600/J-93/
241
Pub. in Environmental Management, v17 n3 D329-334
1993. See also PB93-212496 and PB87-110383. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental and Social
Systems Analysts Ltd., Vancouver (British Columbia),
Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.,
and BatteHe Columbus Drv., Washington, DC.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), with the assistance of the US Department of
Energy (DOE) and the National Oceanographic and At-
mospheric Adrnn (NOAA) is examining the utility of a
critical loads approach for evaluating atmospheric pol-
lutant effects on sensitive ecosystems. The framework
is based on regional population characteristics of the
ecosystem(s) of concern. The six steps of the ap-
proach are: (1) selection of ecosystem components,
indicators, and characterization of the resource; (2)
definition of functional subregions; (3) characterization
of deposition within each of the subregions; (4) defini-
tion of an assessment end point; (5) selection and ap-
plication of models; and (6) mapping projected ecosys-
tem responses. Specific recognition of data and model
uncertainties is an integral part of the process, and the
use of multiple models to obtain ranges of critical loads
estimates for each ecosystem component in a region
is encouraged. Through this intercomparison process
uncertainties in critical loads projections can be esti-
mated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ecosystems, 'Deposition,
'Atmospheric composition, 'Environmental impact as-
sessments, Regional analysis, US EPA, Study esti-
mates, Comparison, Natural resources, Environmental
transport Reprints, 'Critical loads.
PB93-212496/REB PC A02/MF A01
National Critical Loads Framework for Atmos-
pherteDeppsttion Effects Assessment II. Defin-
ing Assessment End Pobiitti IndteatofS) and Func*
tfonal Subregions. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. Hunsaker, R. Graham, R. S. Turner, G. R. HoWren,
and T. C. Strickland. C1993,9p EPA/600/J-93/242
Pub. in Environmental Management, v17 n3 p335-34l
1993. See also PB93-212504. Prepared in cooperation
with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sci-
ences Div.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), with the assistance of the US Department of
Energy (DOE) and the National Oceanographic and At-
mospheric Admn (NOAA) has been evaluating the fea-
sibility of an effects-based (critical toads) approach to
atmospheric pollutant regulation and abatement The
rationale used to develop three of the six steps in a
flexible assessment framework is presented along with
a Discussion of a variety of implementation approach-
es and their ramifications. The rationale proposes that
it is necessary to provide an explicit statement of the
condition of the resource that is considered valuable
because: (1) individual ecosystem components may
be more or less sensitive to deposition; (2) it is neces-
sary to select indicators of ecosystem condition that
can be objectively measured and that reflect changes
in the quality of the assessment end point; and (3) ac-
ceptable status must be defined. The rationale also
stresses the importance of defining the assessment
regions and subregions to improve the analysis and
understanding of trie indicator response to deposition.
Subregional definition can be based on a variety of cri-
teria, including informed judgment or quantitative pro-
cedures. (Copyright (c) 1993 Springer-Verlag New
York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Deposition, 'Environmental
impact assessments, 'Atmospheric composition, Eco-
systems, Regional analysis, Biological indicators,
Lakes, Air water interactions, Water pollution, Baseline
measurements, Environmental transport, Reprints,
•Critical loads.
PB93-212504/REB PC A03/MF A01
National Critical Loads Framework for Atmos-
pheric Deposition Effects Assessment III. Depo-
sition Characterization. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Hicks, R. McMillen, R. S. Turner, G. R. Holdren, and
T. C. Strickland. c1993,12p EPA/600/ J-93/243
Pub. in Environmental Management, v17 n3 D343-353
1993. See also PB93-212488. Prepared in cooperation
with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN., and National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.
Methods are discussed for describing patterns of cur-
rent wet and dry deposition under various scenarios. It
is proposed that total deposition data across an area
of interest are the most relevant in the context of criti-
cal loads of acidic deposition, and that the total depo-
sition will vary greatly with the location, the season,
and the characteristics of individual subregions. Wet
and dry deposition are proposed to differ in such fun-
damental ways that they must be considered separate-
ly. Both wet and dry deposition rates are controlled by
the presence of the chemical species in question in the
air. The great differences in the processes involved
lead to the conclusion that it is better to measure wet
and dry deposition separately and combine these
quantifications to produce 'total deposition' estimates
than to attempt to derive total deposition directly. A
number of options for making estimates of total depo-
sition to be used in critical loads assessment scenarios
are discussed for wet deposition (buckets and source
receptor models) and for dry deposition (throughfall,
micrometeorology, surrogate surfaces and collection
vessels, inference from concentrations, dry-wet ratios,
and source-receptor models). (Copyright (c) 1993
Springer-Veriag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Deposition, 'Environmental
impact assessments, 'Atmospheric composition, Wet
methods, Dry methods, Regional analysis, Chemical
compounds, Ecosystems, PreciDitation(Meteorology),
Throughfall, Reprints, 'Critical loads.
PB93-212512/REB
PC A03/MF A01
Impacts of Section 404 Permits Requiring Com-
pensatory Mitigation on Wetlands In California
(USA). Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. C. Holland, and M. E. Kentula. C1992,15p EPA/
600/J-93/244
Pub. in Wetlands Ecology and Management, v2 n3
P157-169. See also PB93-212462. Prepared in coop-
eration with ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
The authors analyzed data from Section 404 permits
issued in California from January 1971 through No-
vember 1987 that involved impacts to wetlands and re-
quired compensatory mitigation. The purpose of the
study was to determine patterns and trends in permit-
ting activity and to document cumulative effects of as-
sociated management decisions on the California wet-
land resource. The 324 permits examined documented
that 387 compensatory wetlands (1255.9 ha) were re-
quired as mitigation for impacts to 368 wetlands
(1176.3 ha). The utility of the data on wetland area was
limited, however, since 38% of the impacted wetiands
and 41.6% of the compensatory wetlands lacked acre-
age data. The number of permits requiring compensa-
tory mitigation and the number of impacted and com-
pensatory wetlands increased from 1971 to 1986.
Documentation of the details of Section 404 permit de-
cisions was inadequate for the permits examined.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Licenses,
'Water pollution effects, Mitigation, Forest land, Estu-
aries, Trends, Wildlife, Aquatic ecosystems, Habitats,
Clean Water Act California, Reprints, 'Wetlands.
PB93-212520/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
26 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Transient Suppression Packaging for Reduced
Emissions from Rotary Kiln Incinerators. Journal
article.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
P. M. Lemieux, W. P. Linak, J. A. McSorley, and J. O.
Wendt. C1993,16p EPA/600/J-93/245
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Pub. in Combustion Science and Technology, v85 n1-8
p203-216 1992. See also PB90-245317 and PB91-
196329. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses experiments, on a 73 kW roray
kiln incinerator simulator, to determine the effect of in-
novative waste packaging designs on transient emis-
sions of products of incomplete combustion (PICs) due
to batch-charging of containerized liquid surrogate
waste compounds bound on ground corncob sorbent.
When containers of waste are batch-charged into
rotary kilns, the rupture of the containers as often fol-
lowed by a very rapid evolution of the volatile com-
pounds contained therein. The flash vaporization/py-
rolysis can result in local depletion of available O2, as
supplied from the primary burner. This can lead to a
transient puff of partially combusted organic material
that can pass through! the primary combustion cham-
ber and, possibly, even through the secondary com-
bustion chamber and/or downstream pollution control
equipment. This phenomenon frequently leads to feed
rate limitations based on the volatility or heat of com-
bustion of organic liquids inside the containers. EPA's
AEERL has developed a prototype container system
designed to partition the waste/sorbent mixture within
the containers that are fed into the rotary kiln.
Keywords: 'Combustion efficiency, *Air pollution con-
trol, 'Liquid wastes, 'Incineration, 'Containers, Waste
disposal, Performance evaluation, Hazardous materi-
als, Oxygen enrichment, Kilns, Sorbents, Mass trans-
fer, Volatile organic compounds, Pyrolysis, Reprints,
'Transient puffs.
PB93-212538/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Hazardous Waste Incineration: The In-sltu Cap-
ture of Lead by Sorbents in a Laboratory Down-
Flow Combustor. Journal article Apr 88-Dec 91.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
M. A. Scotto, T. W. Peterson, and J. O. L. Wendt.
C1992,11p EPA/600/J-93/246
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
Pub. in Symposium (International) on Combustion
(24th)/The Combustion Institute, p1109-1117 1992.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses experiments on a 17-kW down-
flow combustor to determine how sorbent injection into
the postflame influenced the particle size distribution
of a lead (Pb) aerosol formed from a surrogate Pb-con-
taining waste. In the absence of chlorine (Cl), the Pb
aerosol size distribution evolved within the combustor
to lie predominantly between 0.02 and 0.2 micrometer
by the time it was sampled at the combustor exit.
When a commercial kaplinite sorbent was added, the
Pb sampled in that particle size range was reduced by
99%, and it is clear that the heavy metal was reactively
scavenged in the combustor by the larger sorbent par-
ticles. Cl kept the Pb in vapor form until it was sampled,
at which point it formed a fume in the probe. At large
Cl/Pb ratios (> 10), adding sorbent was not effective
in scavenging the Pb vapor, although capture was
again apparent as Cl/Pb ratios were reduced to 2.
Data from experimental runs with a large excess of Cl
present, but not those where the Cl/Pb ratio was equal
to 2, are in sharp contrast to literature data from bench
scale reactor studies. (Copyright (c) 1992 M. A.
Scotto.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Aerosols, 'Waste
disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Pollution control, 'Meetings,
Lead(Metal), Absorbers(Materials), Particle size, Kac-
linite, Combustion products, Chlorine, Injection, Scav-
enging, Oxidation reduction reactions, Experimental
data. Test methods, Reprints.
PB93-212546/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Estimation of Methane Emissions from a Surface
Coal Mine Using Open-Path FTIR Spectroscopy
and Modeling Techniques. Journal article Oct 90-
May91.
Science Applications International Corp., Durham, NC.
D. A. Kirchgessner, S. D. Piccot, and A. Chadha.
C1993,23p EPA/600/J-93/248
Contract EPA-68-D9-0173
Pub. in Chemosphere, v26 n1 -4 p23-44 1993. See also
PB86-223161 and PB87-168787. Prepared in coop-
eration with TRC Environmental Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses a new methodology that allows
the rapid and efficient measurement of methane (CH4)
emissions from surface coal mines. An initial field trial
of this methodology has been completed, and results
from the field trial revealed that emissions from one
surface coal mine in the U.S. are estimated to be
1,735,000 cu m/yr. The results provide some evidence
that CH4 concentrations determined by Fourier Trans-
form Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry may be low by 20-
75%, but the overall effect of this potential bias on the
mine emissions estimate cannot be adequately quanti-
fied. The initial trial demonstrated that the methodolo-
gy is an applicable and feasible approach for measur-
ing CH4 emissions from very large coal mines. It also
highlighted several uncertainties and methodology
questions which, if resolved, could improve the per-
formance and reliability of the methodology.
Keywords: 'Methane, 'Coal mining, 'Surface mining,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Mathematical models, 'Emis-
sion factors, Study estimates, Field tests, Fourier
transform spectrometers, Infrared spectroscopy, Fea-
sibility studies, Performance evaluation, Reprints.
PB93-212553/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Estimate of Global Methane Emissions from Coal
Mines. Journal article Oct 90-May 91.
Science Applications International Corp., Durham, NC.
D. A. Kirchgessner, S. D. Piccot and J. D. Winkler.
C1993,22p EPA/600/J-93/249
Contract EPA-68-D9-0173
Pub. in Chemosphere, v26 n1-4 p453-472 Jan/Feb 93.
See also PB91-223214. Prepared in cooperation with
TRC Environmental Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper gives estimates of country-specific emis-
sions of methane (CH4) from underground coal mines,
surface coal mines, and coal crushing and transport
operafons for 1989. Emissions for individual countries
are estimated by using two sets of regression equa-
tions (R2 values range from 0.56 to 0.71). The first set
is used to estimate the CH4 content of coals in select-
ed countries based on country-specific coal depth and
other relevant parameters. The second equation re-
lates this CH4 content and the country's coal produc-
tion rate to the emissions from coal mining operations.
The regression equations developed in this study rely
on documented relationships that exist between mine
emissions, coalbed CH4 content, coal production rate,
and other coal properties. Only those independent
variables which could be included at 95% confidence
or greater were retained in the regression equations.
Estimated global emissions from coal mining are esti-
mated to be 45.6 Tg for 1989.
Keywords: 'Methane, 'Coal mining, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Global aspects, 'Emission factors, Under-
ground mining, Surface mining, Study estimates,
Concentration(Composition), Regression analysis,
Crushing, Materials handling, Mine haulage, Transpor-
tation, Reprints.
PB93-212561/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Global
Methane Emissions from Landfills. Journal article
Aug 91-Apr 92.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. L. Peer, S. A. Tnorneloe, and D. L. Epperson.
C1993,16p EP A/600/J-93/250
Contracts EPA-68-DO-0125, EPA-68-D1 -0117
Pub. in Chemosphere, v26 n1 -4 p387-400 Jan/Feb 93.
See also PB90-215112, PB91-149534 and PB92-
101351. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses research efforts to improve meth-
odologies for estimating landfill emissions. The paper
discusses two key variables: the amount of refuse
landfilled, and the CH4-generating potential of that
refuse. Estimates of annual U.S. municipal solid waste
production are compared, and the limitations of each
method are reviewed. The implications for global data
development are discussed.
Keywords: 'Methane, 'Earth fills, 'Emission factors,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Waste disposal, Global as-
pects, Concentration(Composition), Comparison, An-
aerobic processes, Materials recovery, Gas produc-
tion, Reprints.
PB93-212579/REB PC A02/MF A01
Global Methane Emissions Program for Landfills,
Coal Mines, and Natural Gas Systems. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. L. Beck. c1993,8p EPA/600/J-93/251
Pub. in Chemosphere, v26 n1-4 p447-452 Jan/Feb 93.
See also PB90-182494 and PB92-152875.
The paper gives the scope and methodology of EPA/
AEERL's methane emissions studies and discloses
data accumulated thus far in the program. Anthropo-
genic methane emissions are a principal focus in
AEERL's global climate research program, including
three major sources: municipal solid waste landfills,
coal mines, and natural gas systems. A major empha-
sis in the landfill program is measurement of emissions
from operating landfills and calculation of country-spe-
cific emissions. Landfill methane emissions are not es-
timated, but factors affecting emissions are discussed
and estimates developed by others are provided. For
coal mines, existing data collected by other research-
ers are combined with EPA data on emissions from
surface mines, coal handling systems, and abandoned
mines to provide an estimate of global emissions of 46
Tg/yr. Methane from natural gas production, transmis-
sion, and distribution systems is estimated to be 4.4
Tg/yrfor the U.S.
Keywords: 'Methane, 'Emission factors, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Earth fills, 'Coal mining, 'Natural gas,
Waste disposal, Materials handling, Global aspects,
Study estimates, Abandoned sites,
Concentration(Composition), Gas production, Distribu-
tion systems, Reprints.
PB93-212587/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effects of Food Density on Growth and on Pat-
terns of Prey Depletion by Larval Silverside Fish,
•Menidia beryllina' (Cope): A Laboratory Investiga-
tion with Image Analysis. Journal article.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Zoology.
B. H. Letcher, and D. A. Bengtson. C1993,17p EPA/
600/J-93/252
Grant EPA-R-814721
Pub in Jnl. of Marine Biology and Ecology, v167 n2
p197-213 1993. See also PB85-210102 and PB86-
184462. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Narragansett, Rl.
The growth and daily prey depletion rates of inland sil-
verside (Menidia beryllina (Cope)) larvae fed different
rations (0,25, 50,100, or 150 percent of the fishes' ini-
tial wet weight) of Artemia nauplii during the period 7
days to 14 days post-hatch were investigated. Instan-
taneous growth rates ranged from -0.174 day for unfed
fish, to 0.181 day for fish fed the 150% ration. Relative
consumption rates increased from 0.179 (mg food (mg
fish) day) at the lowest ration (25%) to 0.440 (mg food
(mg fish) day) at the highest ration (150%) and were
linearly related to relative growth rates (mg (mg fish)
day) across the range of consumption rates studied.
On one day of the 7-day study, the within-day patterns
of food depletion by the fish also were examined with
image analysis. Fish ingested food at a constant rate,
as long as it was available, up to 11 h of feeding. On
average, depletion rates in the first 4 h of feeding were
not significantly different among fish fed the four ra-
tions; however, the depletion rates of the fish fed the
150% ration were significantly higher during the
second 4 h of feeding than during the first 4 h. The re-
sults provide information for the calculation of a prelim-
December 1993 27
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
inary energy budget for M. beryllina, and also provide
aquatic lexicologists with information for the conduct
of standard effluent toxicity tests. The daily ration pre-
scribed in the current standard method is approximate-
ly three times the amount that can actually be ingested
by the larvae. (Copyright (c) 1993 Elsevier Science
Publishers BV.)
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Feeding habits,
'Growth, Food consumption, Graphs(Charts), Larvae,
Survival, Tests, Images, Reprints, 'Menidia beryllina.
PB93-21259S/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Characterization of Reference Artemia III for
Marine Toxfcotogical Studies. Journal article.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Zoology.
Q. A. Collins, D. A. Bengtson, and J. C. Moore. c1993,
12p EPA/600/J-93/253
Grant EPA-R-814721
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment, v14
p315-323. See also PB89-220503. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
ASTM Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food
for Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology Tests (E 1203)
suggests use of Reference Artemia as a reference
standard for evaluating other batches of brine shrimp
as food for organisms used in toxicology. In 1988, the
U.S. EPA was able to procure a 200-kg quantity of pre-
sumed high-quality, small-sized Artemia cysts that had
been homogeneously mixed and packaged for long-
term storage. The cysts and hatched nauplii have now
been characterized in terms of fatty acid profile, toxi-
cant residues, biometrics, and ability to support good
survival and growth of saltwater fish and survival and
reproduction of saltwater myskte. The cysts have been
approved for use as reference cysts and have been
designated RAC III.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Btoindicators, 'Bioassay.
•Reference standards, Toxicity, Heavy metals. Chemi-
cal analysis. Brine shrimp. Pesticide residues. Qualita-
tive analysis. Fatty acids, Laboratories, Minnows,
Marine fishes, •Artemia, Cyprinodon variegatus,
Menida beryllina, Mysidopsisbahia.
PB93-212603/REB PC A02/MF A01
New-Hampshire Univ., Durham. Complex Systems Re-
search Center.
Experimental Inducement of Nitrogen Saturation
attrwWaters* -- -
KfSC
. Journal article.
Maine Univ. at Orono.
J. S. Kahl, S. A. Norton, I. J. Fernandez, K. J.
Nadelhoffer, and C. T. Driscoll. C1993,6p EPA/600/J-
93/254
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v27
n3 D565-5681993. See also DE90791335. Prepared in
cooperation with Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole,
MA. Ecosvstems Center, and State Univ. of New York
Coll. of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syra-
cuse. Dept of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by New
Hampshire Univ., Durham. Complex Systems Re-
search Center, and CorvalHs Environmental Research
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forested ecosys-
tems in excess of vegetative demand may lead to a
condition of terrestrial nitrogen saturation'. The subse-
quent increases in N export to surface waters are
symptomatic of fundamental changes in terrestrial nu-
trient processing. The authors have experimentally in-
duced incipient N saturation in a paired-catchment ex-
periment at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine
(BBWM). Using modest loading rates of N compared
to typical forest fertilization rates or the N pool in forest
soils, the experiment has resulted in large increases in
NO3(-) concentrations in streams. Nitrate flux from the
treated catchment has increased from 200 to more
than 500 equiv/ha/yr. Seasonal patterns in stream
NO3(-) concentrations have been fundamentally al-
tered by the treatment with NO3(-) toss now occurring
nearly all year from the experimental watershed.
These results suggest that N saturation, soil acidifica-
tion, and altered N cycling in forested watersheds may
be induced at lower rates of N deposition than previ-
ously believed.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Land pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Acidification, Forest land. Nitrogen cycle. Air
pollution, Ecosystems, Water quality. Nitrogen oxides.
Air land interactions, Deposition, frees(Botany), Ex-
perimental design. Nutrients, Reprints, 'Nitrogen satu-
ration.
PB93-212611/REB PC A02/MF A01
Survival Differences among Freeze-Dried Geneti-
cally Engineered and Wild-Type Bacteria. Journal
article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
E. Israeli, B. T. Shaffer, J. A. Hoyt, B. Lighthart, and L
M. Ganio. C1993,7p EP A/600/J-93/255
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v59
n2 p594-5981993. See also PB91-117598.
Because the death mechanisms of freeze-dried and
air-dried bacteria are thought to be similar, freeze-
drying was used to investigate the survival differences
between potentially airborne genetically engineered
microorganisms and their wild types. To this end, engi-
neered strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
syringae were freeze-dred and exposed to air, visible
light or both. The death rates of all engineered strains
were significantly higher than those of their parental
strains. Light and air exposure were found to increase
the death rates of all strains. Application of death rate
models to freeze-dried engineered bacteria to be re-
leased into the environment is discussed. (Copyright
(c) 1993, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Genetic engineering, 'Escherichia coli,
'Survival, 'Freeze drying, Species diversity, Reprints,
'Pseudomonas syringae, Airborne bacteria.
PB93-212629/REB PC A02/MF A01
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR.
Biased DNA Integration in 'Cotletotrtchum gtoeo-
sporioidea f. sp. aeschynomene' Transformants
with Benomyl Resistance. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L Armstrong, and D. L Harris. c1993,6p EPA/600/
J-93/256
Pub. in Phytopathology, v38 n3 p328-331. Sponsored
by ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corval-
lis, OR.
A procedure is presented for transforming Colletotri-
chum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene to beno-
myt resistance by using a mutant beta-tubulin gene
from Neurospora crassa. Hybridization between the N.
crassa beta-tubulin gene and transformant DNAs di-
gested with Styl indicated that the integration site in all
transformants was in a specific region of the genome.
Transformants tolerated up to 300 micrograms of ben-
omyl per milliliter but differed in pigmentation, growth
rate, and pathogenicity. All transformed strains re-
mained benomyl resistant after repeated subculture on
medium lacking benomyl. The authors speculate that
the bias in the site of integration was due to selection
against transformants with other configurations be-
tween the N. crassa beta-tubulin gene and C. g. aes-
chynomene genome, which were unstable, lethal, or
unsuitable for expression of the benomyl phenotype.
(Copyright (c) 1993 The American Phytopathological
Society.)
Keywords: 'Microbial drug resistance, 'Deoxyribonu-
cteic acids, 'Genetic transformation, 'Benomyl, Neur-
ospora crassa, Tubulin, Nucleic acid hybridization,
Growth, Phenotype, Ptasmids, Virulence, Reprints,
•Coltetotrichum gloeosporioides.
PB93-212637/REB PC A03/MF A01
Forest Management and Agroforestry to Seques-
ter and Conserve Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.
Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. E. Schriwder, R. K. Dixon, and J. K. Winjum. c1993,
11pEPA/600/J-93/257
Pub. in Unasytva, v44 p52-60 1993. See also PB92-
109131 and PB92-122787. Prepared in cooperation
with National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement Inc., Medford, MA., and Man-
Tech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
As part of the Global Change Research Program of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA), an assessment was initiated in 1990 to
evaluate forest establishment and management op-
tions to sequester carbon and reduce the accumula-
tion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Three
specific objectives are to: identify site-suitable technol-
ogies and practices that could be utilized to manage
forests and agroforestry systems to sequester and
conserve carbon; assess available data on site-level
costs of promising forest and agroforestry manage-
ment practices; evaluate estimates of technically suita-
ble land in forested nations and biomes of the world to
help meet the Noordwijk forestation targets.
Keywords: 'Conservation, 'Forest management,
'Carbon dioxide, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Refor-
estation, Affosestation, Land restoration, Global, Re-
gional analysis, Cost analysis, Climatic changes, Che-
lation. Technology assessment, Agroforestry.
PB93-212645/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effect of Phenotypic Plasticity on Epiphytic Sur-
vival and Colonization by 'Pseudomonas syrin-
gae'. Journal article.
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Plant Pathology.
M. Wilson, and S. E. LJndow. c1993,9p EPA/600/J-
93/258
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v59
n2 p410-416 Feb 93. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The bacterial epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae
MF714R was cultured on agar or in broth or collected
form colonized leaves; it was then inoculated onto
greenhouse-grown bean plants incubated in a growth
chamber at low relative humidity or in the field or onto
field-grown bean plants. Cells cultured in liquid
medium survived the least well after inoculation of leaf
surfaces under all conditions. Cells cultured in solid
medium exhibited the highest percent survival an des-
iccation tolerance in the growth chamber but generally
survived less well in the field than did cells harvested
from plants. Cells harvested from plants and inoculat-
ed onto plants in the field usually exhibited the highest
percent survival, started to increase in population earli-
er, and reached a higher number than did cells cul-
tured in vitro. Differences in field survival were appar-
ently not attributable to differential UV tolerance. The
observed effects of phenotypic plasticity on epiphytic
survival and colonization should be considered in risk
assessment studies. (Copyright (c) 1993, American
Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Survival, 'Inoculation,
*Toterances(Physiology), Bean plants, Culture media,
Greenhouses, Cells(Biology), Humidity, Controlled at-
mospheres, Populations, Field tests, Liquids, Solids,
Risk assessment 'Pseudomonas syringae, Epiphyte,
Biological pest control.
PB93-212652/REB PC A03/MF A01
Corvaliis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Availability and Uptake of Inorganic Nitrogen in a
Mixed Old-Growth Coniferous Forest Journal arti-
cle.
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR.
D. P. Turner, P. Sollins, M. Leuking, and N. Rudd.
C1993,13p EPA/600/J-93/259
Pub. in Plant and Soil, v148 p163-174 1993. Prepared
in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Dept of Forest Science. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
Old-growth forest stands of mixed species composi-
tion provide the opportunity to study species-specific
influences on soil properties. The authors monitored
rates of nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and an
index of ammonium and nitrate uptake in a mixed old-
growth stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii),
western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western
redcedar (Thuja plicata) over a two-year period. Litter
and mineral soil (0-10-cm depth) were sampled adja-
cent to ten large trees of each species. After initial
characterization of litter and soil, buried bags were in-
cubated in both layers for ca. 2-month intervals. Soil
and litter pH was lowest near western hemlocks. Nitrifi-
cation, nitrate concentrations, and percent uptake as
nitrate differed among the tree species; rates were
highest near western redcedars. For all species, per-
cent nitrification and nitrate uptake rate were higher in
soil than in litter. The results indicate species-specific
effects on ammonium and nitrate production and
uptake within this forest type. (Copyright (c) 1993
Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Growth, 'Nitrification, 'Forest trees, Am-
monium compounds, Nitrogen inorganic compounds,
Concentration(Composrtion), Soil properties, Wood
wastes, pH, Fir trees, Containers, Field tests. Seasonal
variations, Absorption, Conifers, Monitoring, Oregon,
Reprints, 'Pseudotsuga mengiesii, Douglas fir trees,
Tsuga heterophylla, Western hemlock trees.
28 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-212660/REB PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
National Critical Loads Framework for Atmos-
pheric Deposition Effects Assessment IV. Model
Selection, Applications, and Critical Loads Map-
ping. Journal article.
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR.
G. R. Holdren, T. C. Strickland, B. J. Cosby, D.
Marmorek, and D. Bernard. C1993,10p EPA/600/J-
93/260
Contracts EPA-68-C8-0006, DE-AC05-84OR21400
Pub. in Environmental Management, v17 n3 p355-363
1993. Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Univ.,
Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental Sciences, and
Environmental and Social Systems Analysts Ltd., Van-
couver (British Columbia). Sponsored by Corvallis En-
vironmental Research Lab., OR., and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
The critical loads approach is emerging as an attrac-
tive means for evaluating the effects of atmospheric
deposition on sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosys-
tems. Various approaches are available for modeling
ecosystem responses to deposition and for estimating
critical load values. These approaches include empiri-
cal and statistical relationships, steady-state and
simple process models, and integrated-effects
models. For any given ecosystem, the most technically
sophisticated approach will not necessarily be the
most appropriate for all applications; identification of
the most useful approach depends upon the degree of
accuracy needed and upon data and computational re-
quirements, biogeochemical processes being mod-
eled, approaches used for representing model results
on regional bases, and desired degree of spatial and
temporal resolution. Different approaches are charac-
terized by different levels of uncertainty. If the limita-
tions of individual approaches are known, the user can
determine whether an approach provides a reasonable
basis for decision making. Several options, including
point maps, grid maps, and ecoregional maps, are
available for presenting model results in a regional
context These are discussed using hypothetical ex-
amples for choosing populations and damage limits.
Keywords: 'Deposition, 'Atmospheric circulation, *Air
pollution, 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Terrestrial ecosys-
tems, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Mathematical
models. Steady state, Statistical analysis, Populations,
Damage assessment, Maps, Response, Reprints, Crit-
ical loads, Biogeochemical processes.
PB93-212678/REB PC A02/MF A01
Charles K. Blandin Foundation, Grand Rapids, MN.
Synthesis of Ectomycorrhizae on Northern Red
Oak Seedlings in a Michigan I
cte.
i Nursery. Journal arti-
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. K. Dixon, and P. S. Johnson. C1993,8p EPA/600/J-
93/261
Pub. in Jnl. of Arboriculture, v18 n5 p266-272 Sep 92.
Sponsored by Charles K. Blandin Foundation, Grand
Rapids, MN., North Central Forest Experiment Station,
St Paul, MN., and Minnesota Agricultural Experiment
Station, St Paul.
Vegetative inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungus
SuHlus luteus was thoroughly mixed into fumigated
nursery soil, and northern red oak seedlings of four
families were evaluated one and two years after
sowing for ectomycorrhizal development, growth, and
nutrition. At the end of year one, treated seedlings
were successfully inoculated with S. luteus, but the
percentage varied significantly with family. Suillus
luteus persisted on lateral roots two years following
sowing. Two of four seedling families inoculated with
S. luteus were significantly larger in size than control
plants. These results suggest that the fungal symbiont
S. luteus can be successfully introduced into nurseries
and that early ectomycorrhizal development improves
the growth of northern red oak seedlings.
Keywords: 'Oak trees, 'Growth, Inoculation, Fungi,
Nutrition, Size determination, Improvement, Hard-
woods, Containers, Reprints, 'Nurseries, Seedlings,
* Suillus luteus, Ectomicorrhizal fungus, Roots, Quer-
cus.
PB93-212686/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Non-Local Closure Model for Vertical Mixing in
the Convective Boundary Layer. Journal article 31
Mar 88-30 Sep 90.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Mod-
eling Div.
J. E. Pleim, and J. S. Chang. c1993,19p EPA/600/J-
93/262
Contract EPA-68-D1-80016
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v26A n6 p965-981
1992. See also PB93-212702 and PB91-233551. Pre-
pared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York at
Albany. Atmospheric Sciences Research Center.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
A simple non-local closure model for vertical mixing in
Convective Boundary Layers (CBL) has been devel-
oped specifically for application in regional or meso-
scale atmospheric chemistry models. The model,
named the Asymmetrical Convective Model (ACM), is
based on the concept that vertical transport within the
CBL is inherently asymmetrical. Upward transport by
buoyant plumes originating in the surface layer is simu-
lated by mixing from the lowest model layer directly to
all other layers in the CBL. Downward transport, how-
ever, proceeds only to the next lower layer in order to
emulate gradual compensatory subsidence. The real-
ism of the ACM is tested through comparisons to
large-eddy simulations of several idealized test cases.
The ACM is also tested in the context of the Regional
Acid Deposition Model (RADM) both to determine sen-
sitivity to different CBL mixing schemes and to com-
pare to vertically resolved aircraft measurements.
These tests demonstrate quicker upward transport of
ground level emissions by the ACM as compared to
the eddy diffusion scheme currently used in RADM.
The ACM also affects ozone photochemistry in the
boundary layer resulting in lower ozone concentrations
in areas of high NOx emissions.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric boundary layer, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Environmental transport, 'Convection currents,
Atmospheric diffusion, Vertical air currents, Ozone, Ni-
trogen oxides, Plumes, Mixing, Mesoscale phenom-
ena, Reprints, 'Asymmetrical Convection Model, Re-
gional Acid Deposition Model.
PB93-212694/REB PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Accuracy Assessment of EPA Protocol Gases
Purchased in 1991. Journal article.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. A. Coppedge, T. J. Logan, M. R. Midgett, R. C.
Shores, and M. J. Messner. Dec 92, 5p EPA/600/J-
93/263
Contract EPA-68-D1 -0009
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Waste Management Association, v42
n12 Dec 92. See also PB90-197732. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
established quality assurance procedures for air pollu-
tion measurement systems that are intended to reduce
the uncertainty in environmental measurements. The
compressed gas standards of the program are used
for calibration and audits of continuous emission moni-
toring systems. EPA's regulations require that the cer-
tified values for these standards be traceable to Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Standard Reference Materials or to NIST/EPA-ap-
proved Certified Reference Materials via either of two
traceability protocols. The manufacturer assessment
was conducted to: (1) document the accuracy of the
compressed gas standards' certified concentrations;
and (2) ensure that the compressed gas standards'
written certification reports met the documentation re-
quirements of the protocol. All available sources were
contacted and the following gas mixtures were ac-
quired: (1) 300-ppm SO2 and 400-ppm NO in N2; and
(2) 1500-ppm SO2 and 900-ppm NO in N2.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Air pollution detection, 'Gas
analysis, 'Gas detectors, US EPA, Performance eval-
uation, Auditing, Air pollution standards, Calibrating,
Quality assurance, Quality control, Gas cylinders, Mix-
tures, Pollution regulations, Reprints, 'Reference ma-
terials, 'Protocols.
PB93-212702/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Interpretive Analysis of Observed and Modeled
Mesoscale Ozone Photochemistry in Areas with
Numerous Point Sources. Journal article Aug-Dec
91.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Mod-
eling Div.
J. E. Pleim, and J. K. S. Ching. C1993,19p EPA/600/J-
93/264
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v27A n6 p999-
1017,1993. See also PB93-212686. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
The Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) has
been applied to several of the field experiments that
were part of the Acid Models Operational and Diag-
nostic Evaluation Study (Acid MODES) to assess the
model's ability to simulate photochemical production
of ozone in regions dominated by point source emis-
sions. The comparison of model simulations at differ-
ent grid resolutions suggests that increased resolution
improves the simulation of ozone photochemistry in
such regions. Further analysis of NOx, and HOx con-
centrations and photochemical production rates of
ozone, however, show that the model's response to
large point source emissions is very unsystematic both
spatially and temporally. This is due to the models in-
ability to realistically simulate the small scale (subgrid)
gradients in precursor concentrations in and around
large point source plumes. Because of the inherently
nonlinear nature of ozone photochemistry with respect
to concentrations of NOx and VOC, ozone formation
rates in model grid cells depend enormously on grid
resolution, dispersion rates (primarily wind speed and
mixed layer height), chemical background (VOCs and
radicals) and NOx emission rates.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Point sources, 'Photochemical
reactions, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrogen compounds,
Computerized simulation, Air pollution, Atmospheric
chemistry, Photochemistry, Flow models, Reprints,
RADM(Regional Acid Deposition Model), Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB93-212710/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Correcting RADM's Sulfate Underprediction: Dis-
covery and Correction of Model Errors and Test-
ing the Corrections through Comparisons against
Field Data. Journal article.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Mod-
eling Div.
R. L. Dennis, J. N. McHenry, W. R. Barchet, F. S.
Binkowski, and D. W. Byun. c1993,25p EPA/600/J-
93/265
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v27A n6 p975-997
1993. See also PB92-152966. Prepared in cooperation
with Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Applied Technology Div., and Battelle Pacif-
ic Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Atmospheric Sci-
ences Dept. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
A serious underprediction of ambient sulfate (SO4(2-)
by two comprehensive, Eulerian models of acid depo-
sition, the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM)
and the Acid Deposition and Oxidant Model (ADOM),
was found in the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program phase of the Eulerian Model Evaluation
Field Study (EMEFS) model evaluation. Two hypoth-
eses were proposed to explain the cause of the under-
prediction in RADM: insufficient SO4(2-) production by
nonprecipitating convective clouds and insufficient pri-
mary SO4(2-) emissions. Modifications of the RADM
cloud and scavenging module to better simulate non-
precipitating cumulus clouds are described in detail.
Three contrasting pairs of tests using data from the
EMEFS were applied to these hypotheses: source vs.
downwind regions; mid summer vs. late summer sea-
sons, sunny-dry vs. cloudy-wet synoptic types. The
SO4(2-) emissions hypothesis, tested by artificially
boosting S04(2-) emissions, fared better than expect-
ed but was rejected because of its poor performance
on the regional and seasonal contrast tests. The
December 1993 29
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
RADM nonprecipitattng cumulus modification success-
fully captured the seasonal and the late summer syn-
optic contrasts but improvement is still needed for the
regional and mid summer synoptic contrasts.
Keywords: 'Sutfates, *Air pollution, 'Pollution sources,
*Ck>uds(Meteorology), Acidification, Performance
evaluation, Seasonal variations, Wind direction, Re-
gional analysis, Revisions, Reprints, 'Regional Acid
Deposition Model, Eulerian Model Evaluation Field
Study.
PB93-212728/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Final Results of the Condors Convective Diffusion
Experiment. Journal article.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Mod-
eling Div.
G. A. Briggs. C1993,16p EFA/600/J-93/266
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, OHOLO Confer-
ence, Eilat, Israel, October 1991. See also PB86-
222221 and PB89-206684. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Lab.
The Convective Diffusion Observed by Remote Sen-
sors (CONDORS) field experiment conducted at the
Boulder Atmospheric Observatory used innovative
techniques to obtain three dimensional mappings of
plume concentration fields of oil fog detected by Kdar
and 'chaff detected by Doppter radar. It included ex-
tensive meteorological measurements and, in 1983,
tracer gases measured at a single sampling arc. Final
results from ten hours of elevated and surface release
data are summarized here. Spatial standard deviations
(diffusion coefficients) of chaff and oil agree overall
and are consistent at short range with velocity stand-
ard deviations and statistical theory predictions. Sur-
face release lateral diffusion is enhanced up to 60% at
small distances, consistent with the 1956 Prairie Grass
measurements and with larger turbulence velocities
and reduced wind speed measured near the surface.
Decreased lateral diffusion at small dimensionless
averaging times is also noted. Finally, convectivery
seated concentrations were plotted versus dimension-
less distance and height for oil and for chaff, for each
30-60 mm period. Aggregated CONDORS fields com-
pare well with laboratory tank and numerical model
simulations.
Keywords: •Atmospheric diffusion, 'Convection, *Pol-
hjtion transport,'Plumes, Air pollution, Boundary layer,
Remote sensing, Chaff, 'CONDORS Project, Fog oil
smoke.
PB93-212736/REB PC A03/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Mod-
eling Div.
Vertical Dispersion from Surface and Elevated
Release* An Investigation of a Non-Gaussian
Plume Model Journal article.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept of Marine,
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
M. J. Brown. S. P. Arya, and W. H. Snyder. cl 993,18p
EPA/600/J-93/267
Pub. in Jrt. of Applied Meteorology. v32 n3 Mar 93.
See also PB85-193266. Sponsored by National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Div.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Lab.
The vertical diffusion of a passive tracer released from
surface and elevated sources in a neutrally-stratified
boundary layer has been studied by comparing field
and laboratory experiments with a non-Gaussian K-
theory model that assumes power-law profiles for the
mean velocity and vertical eddy diffusivity. Several im-
portant differences between model predictions and ex-
perimental data were discovered: (1) the model over-
estimated ground-level concentrations from surface
and elevated releases at distances beyond the peak
concentrations; (2) the model overpredicted vertical
mixing near elevated sources, especially in the upward
direction; (3) the model-predicted exponent in the ex-
ponential vertical concentration profile for a surface re-
lease was smaller than the experimentally measured
exponent Model closure assumptions and experimen-
tal shortcomings were examined in order to account
for the differences.
Keywords: 'Boundary layer flow, 'Pollution transport,
'Vertical motion, 'Dispersing, 'Plumes, 'Mathemati-
cal models, Atmospheric circulation, Air pollution, Tur-
bulent diffusion, Wind tunnels, Rural areas, 'Non-
Gaussian plume model.
PB93-212744/REB PC A03/MF A01
Ambient Temperature and Driving Cycle Effects
on CNG Motor Vehicle Emission. Technical paper
series (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
P. Gabete, K. T. Knapp, W. D. Ray, R. Snow, and W.
Crews. c1993,11 p EPA/600/J-93/268
Presented at the International Fuels and Lubricants
Meeting and Exposition, Tulsa, Oklahoma, October
22-25, 1990. See also PB88-241872 and PB91-
146563. Prepared in cooperation with NSI, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and SAE International, War-
rendate, PA.
The paper describes an emissions study of two vans
powered by compressed natural gas (CNG). One van
was relatively new, while the other had been driven
more than 120,000 mi. The purpose of the study was
to obtain emissions information which could be used to
predict the impact of CNG use on ambient air quality
and air toxic concentrations, and to develop a better
understanding of the effect of ambient temperature
variations on CNG emissions. Using four different driv-
ing cycles, emission tests were earned out at 20 deg F,
75degF,and105degF.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Natural gas, 'Exhaust
emissions, Mobile pollutant sources, Air quality, Tem-
perature, Coldstarts, Formaldehyde,
•CNG(Compressed Natural Gas), NGV(Natura) Gas
Vehicles).
PB93-212751/REB PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Ventilation Performance for Indoor
Space. Rent for Jun 91 -Dec 92.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Aerosol Technology.
T. Yamamoto, D. S. Ensor, and L E. Sparks. 1993,8p
EPA/600/A-93/155
Grant EPA-R-817083
Presented at Indoor Air 1993 Conference, Helsinki,
Finland, Jury 4-8,1993. See also PB93-173086. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Ventilation performance depends on room geometry,
ventilation method and operating conditions, as well as
on the location, source strength, and types of contami-
nants. A menu-driven ventilation model was developed
that can determine the turbulent flow field and time-de-
pendent/steady-state contaminant concentration dis-
tributions within an isothermal indoor space. This two-
dimensional turbulence model was developed specifi-
cally for personal computers. The flow field calculated
from the model showed good agreement with results
from the commercially available FLUENT code. Venti-
lation performance was evaluated using the scale,
"Ventilation Performance Index.' Effects of room con-
figurations, operating conditions, and effective diffu-
swn coefficient on ventilation performance were inves-
tigated by varying a Pedet number.
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Ventilation, 'Air cir-
culation. Computerized simulation, Two dimensional
flow, Turbulent flow. Effectiveness, Performance eval-
uation. Flow distribution. Reprints, 'Rooms, Indoor
space.
PB93-212769/REB
PC A03/MF A01
Models, Muddles, and Mud: Predicting Btoaccu-
mulation of Sediment-Associated Pollutants. Book
chapter.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansetl Newport,
OR. Pacific Ecosystems Branch.
H. Lee. c1992,31p EPA/600/A-93/156, ISBN-0-
87371-450-4
Pub. in Sediment Toxkaty Assessment, Boca Raton,
FL, 1992. Also pub. as Environmental Research Lab.-
Narragansett, Newport, OR. rept. no. ERLN-N161. See
alsoPB92-114164.
As is increasingly well documented and frequently
stated in introductions, sediments are the ultimate sink
for hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals.
These pollutants are potentially bioavailable to sedi-
ment-dwelling organisms, and acute or chronic health
effects can occur if sufficient levels are bioaccumulat-
ed. Predation by fishes and epibenthic invertebrates
on contaminated benthos introduces sediment con-
taminants into pelagic food webs that may then bio-
magnify through the food web. Thus, bioaccumulation
by infaunal organisms is the first step in the biological
transport of hydrophobic pollutants from the sediment
reservoir to higher trophic levels, including shore birds,
marine mammals, and human consumers. Accumula-
tion of these pollutants in higher trophic levels can
result in impaired reproduction and increased cancer
risk for human consumers. In addition to playing a key
role in ecological and human health-risk assessments,
bioaccumulation by infaunal organisms generates in-
sights into the btoavailability of sediment contaminants
and can be used to test the assumptions of the tech-
niques used to derive sediment quality criteria. (Copy-
right (c) 1992 by Lewis Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollutants, 'Toxicity,
'Biological accumulation, Biological availability,
Metals, Marine biology, Humans, Marine fishes, Food
chains, Risk assessment, Health hazards. Malignant
neoplasms, Chemical models, Pharmacokinetics,
Energy metabolism, Reprints, Hydrophobic organic
pollutants.
PB93-212777/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Statistical Analyses of COADS Wind Data In
Coastal Regions of the United States.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Environmental Research Labs.
F. A. Godshall, and H. A. Walker. Aug 92,16p EPA/
600/A-93/157
Contract EPA-68-C1 -0005
Presented at Proceedings of the International COADS
Workshop, Boulder, CO., January 13-15, 1992. See
also PB86-105723. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
In the study, wind data from the Comprehensive
Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) are used to de-
termine atmospheric circulation changes which are
empirically associated with the air temperature
changes. Some understanding of the natural process-
es which produce climate change is anticipated from
the study of these associations. Systematic changes
of wind in U.S. coastal regions with periods of climate
warming and cooling suggest circulation changes, in
addition to carbon dioxide-controlled radiation effects,
could produce the climate changes indicated by air
temperature. A statistical procedure for analyses of
COADS was used to determine decade-period vector
wind-field differences from the COADS record period.
The statistical procedure for these analyses is ex-
plained and the wind differences are compared to
summaries of mid-Atlantic coast island-station obser-
vations.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric temperature, 'Climatic
changes, 'Wind(Meteorology), 'Atmospheric circula-
tion, Greenhouse effect. Climatology, Meteorological
data, Wind velocity, Wind data, Statistical analysis,
Coasts, United States, Reprints, Comprehensive
Ocean Atmospheric Data Set
PBS3-212785/REB PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Alternative Air Quality Indicators for a Secondary
Federal Standards for Ozone. Book chapter.
ManTech Environmental Technology International,
Inc., Corvallis, OR.
E. H. Lee, W. E. Hogsett, and D. T. Tingey. 1993,31 p
EPA/600/A-93/158
Pub. in OxkJants in the Environment Volume of Wiley
Series, Advances in Environmental Science and Tech-
nology, 1993. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The present secondary National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for ozone, established in 1979,
was based on limited information from a few field stud-
ies on vegetation and may not be protective of crop
damage due to ozone, alone or in combination with
30 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
other pollutants. Considerable information from field
studies conducted in the past decade indicate that
there is poor functional correspondence between agri-
cultural production and the index of the current sec-
ondary NAAQS for ozone. Because the current ozone
NAAQS is based on data for extreme values of air
quality, the index of the NAAQS ignores key features
of hourly exposure data that are desirable and impor-
tant to minimizing the risk of crop damage. Improved
federal ozone standards, sufficient to protect vegeta-
tion, require modifications to the form and averaging
period of the current NAAQS with minimum increase to
the number of nonattainment and crossover areas. Air
quality indicators based on exposure indices devel-
oped in work involving ozone effects on crops show
considerable improvement over modifications to the
current NAAQS that lower the standard level to
achieve a comparable level of protection, with respect
to changes in nonattainment status.
Keywords: *Ozone, *Air pollution standards, *Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants), Farm crops, Crop response, Plant
growth, Air quality data, Ambient air quality, Exposure,
Toxteoiogy, Reprints, 'National Ambient Air Quality
Standard, Air quality indicators.
PB93-212793/REB PC A02/MF A01
Ecotoxteotogical Principles for Avian Field Stud-
ies Using Radiotelemetry or Remote Sensing.
Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother. 1993,10p EPA/600/A-93/159
Presented at Pellston Workshop: Radiotelemetry for
Avian Field Studies, Asilomar, CA., 1993.
Ecotoxicological studies for pesticide risk assess-
ments strive to develop cause-and-effect relationships
between pesticide application and adverse effects on
birds (both as individuals and as populations) and to
determine the mechanisms by which the observed ef-
fects occur. In order to accomplish this, data are col-
lected to determine if the location of the birds put them
into potential contact with the pesticide, how the pesti-
cide changes behaviors and the physiology of the ani-
mals, and now these changes result in increased mor-
tality and reduced reproduction. Radiotelemetry and
other remote sensing technologies can be powerful
tools to aid in gathering the data.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Remote sensing, 'Pollution
effects(Animals), Pesticides, Toxicology, Radio telem-
etry, Tracking(Position), Animal behavior,
Reproduction(Bk>logy), Reprints, 'Ecotoxicology, Bio-
markers.
PB93-212801/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
ment of Arsenical Wood Preserving Re-
Manageim
skhu&by
i by Recovery and Immobilization.
IT Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Turner, and M. B. Foerst 1993,14p EPA/600/A-
93/160
Contract EPA-68-C9-0036
Pub. in Air and Waste Management Association
Annual Meeting (86th), Denver, CO., Jun 13-18,1993,
p1-12. See also PB92-216944. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is the predominant
wood preservative used in the U.S. (67% by volume of
wood treated). The residuals from pressure treatment
of lumber consist of washdown waters, drippage, treat-
ing cylinder sediment, spent formulations and filter
screenings. Analyses of these materials indicate ar-
senic, copper, and chromium concentrations of 1-3
percent each. The solid residues are currently land dis-
posed in RCRA permitted facilities after stabilization
and meeting a leacnate standard of 5.0 mg/L for ar-
senic and chromium characteristic wastes. Bench-
scale research studies were conducted by the EPA
and the private sector to investigate the extractability
of the arsenic and metals for reuse by the wood pre-
serving facilities and to determine whether the solid
residues are rendered nonhazardous by extraction.
Stabilization techniques were also evaluated for immo-
bilization of the arsenic and other metals. The feasibili-
ty for recovery of CCA from treatment residues has
been demonstrated. Conventional stabilization did not
effectively immobilize the arsenic or chromium.
Keywords: 'Waste management, 'Wood preserva-
tives, 'Materials recovery, 'Waste treatment, Waste
utilization, Metals, Extraction, Solidification, Feasibility
studies, Arsenic, Chromium, Performance evaluation,
Stabilization, 'Chromated copper arsenate.
PB93-212819/REB PC A03/MF A01
Downwash of Plumes in the Vicinity of Buildings:
A Wind-Tunnel Study.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Mod-
eling Div.
W. H. Snyder. 1993,17p EPA/600/A-93/161
Proceedings NATO Advanced Research Workshop,
held in Portugal on June 28-July 2, 1993. Prepared in
cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Rockville, MD., and Department of
Commerce, Washington, DC.
A wind-tunnel study has been conducted to examine
the effects of several parameters on the downwash of
effluents released from stacks in the vicinity of rectan-
gular-shaped buildings. The situations modeled includ-
ed idealized or generic steam-boiler and combustion-
turbine electric-generating plants. Systematically
varied were parameters such as the stack height, loca-
tion of stack, wind direction, effluent-speed to wind-
speed ratio, and effluent buoyancy. Measurements in-
cluded over 300 concentration profiles. Vertical pro-
files were measured at a fixed distance downwind,
both in the presence and in the absence of the build-
ings, to ascertain the building effects. In several of the
more interesting cases, more extensive measure-
ments were made to more fully describe the entire
concentration field.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plumes, 'Effluents, 'Down-
wash, 'Electric power plants. Flue gases, Wind tunnel
models, Buildings.
PB93-212827/REB PC A03/MF A01
Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques,
and Applications. Book chapter.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
K. Willeke, and P. A. Baron. 1993,33p EPA/600/A-
93/162
See also PB90-200288. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
The study of aerosols in indoor air and the assessment
of human exposure to aerosols are relatively recent
activities. The terms indoor air and exposure assess-
ment refer primarily to nonindustrial settings, such as
homes, offices, and public-access buildings (e.g., mu-
seums, airport terminals, retail stores). Although many
occupational settings are 'indoors', the aerosol con-
centrations and constituents, airflow regimes, and tur-
bulence levels pose related, but different, aerosol
measurement constraints. Until recently, it was com-
monly believed that the quality of indoor air was superi-
or to that of the outdoor (ambient) air nearby. Several
factors have influenced the apparent deterioration of
indoor air quality: life-styles have changed; building
construction techniques have changed; and people
have become more concerned about environmental
tobacco smoke (ETS).
Keywords: 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Aerosol monitoring, Impactors, Photometers,
Air samplers, Chemical analysis. Aerosols, Air quality,
Exposure, Risk assessment. Public health, Reprints,
Personal sampling, Microenvironmental sampling.
PB93-212835/REB PC E99/MF E99
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1991 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Held in Washington,
DC. on March 25-28,1991.
Nesbrt (William) and Associates, Santa Rosa, CA.
c1991,1236p-in3v*
Set includes PB93-212843 through PB93-212868. See
also PB89-220529, PB89-220537 and PB92-121375.
Sponsored by Electric Power Research Inst, Palo
Alto, CA., and Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
No abstract available.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Stationary sources, 'Meetings, Combustion products,
Flue gases, Particulates, Electric utilities, Power
plants, Gas turbines, Power generation, Pollution regu-
lations.
PB93-212843/REB PC A15/MF A03
Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1991 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Held in Washington,
DC. on March 25-28,1991. Volume 1. Sessions 1-3.
Rept.forMar89-Mar91.
Nesbit (William) and Associates, Santa Rosa, CA.
C. DeWitt. C1991,328p EPA/600/R-92/093A
See also Volume 2, PB93-212850. Sponsored by Elec-
tric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB93-212835.
The symposium was the sixth in a biennial series de-
voted to the international exchange of information on
recent technological and regulatory developments for
stationary combustion NOx control. Topics covered in-
cluded the significant increase in active full-scale retro-
fit demonstrations of low-NOx combustion systems in
the United States and abroad over the past two years;
full-scale operating experience in Europe with selec-
tive catalytic reduction (SCR); pilot- and bench-scale
SCR investigations in the United States; increased at-
tention on selective noncatalytic reduction in the
United States; and NOx controls for oil- and gas-fired
boilers. Volume 1 contains papers from the following
sessions: Background; Large Scale Coal Combustion
I; and Large Scale Coal Combustion II.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Stationary sources, Fossil-fuel power plants, Electric
utilities, Boilers, Power generation, Combustion prod-
ucts, Flue gas, Particulates, Meetings.
PB93-212850/REB PC A20/MF A04
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1991 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Held in Washington,
DC. on March 25-28, 1991. Volume 2. Sessions 4
and 5. Rept. for Mar 89-Mar 91.
Nesbit (William) and Associates, Santa Rosa, CA.
C. DeWitt. C1991,475p EPA/600/R-92/093B
See also Volume 1, PB93-212843 and Volume 3,
PB93-212868. Sponsored by Electric Power Research
Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB93-212835.
The symposium was the sixth in a biennial series de-
voted to the international exchange of information on
recent technological and regulatory developments for
stationary combustion NOx control. Topics covered in-
cluded the significant increase in active full-scale retro-
fit demonstrations of low-NOx combustion systems in
the United States and abroad over the past two years;
full-scale operating experience in Europe with selec-
tive catalytic reduction (SCR); pilot- and bench-scale
SCR investigations in the United States; increased at-
tention on selective noncatalytic reduction in the
United States; and NOx controls for oil- and gas-fired
boilers. Papers from the following sessions are con-
tained in Volume 2: Combustion NOx Developments 1;
Large Scale SCR Applications; Post Combustion De-
velopments 1; Industrial/Combustion Turbines on NOx
Control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Stationary gases, Combustion products, Flue gases,
Particulates, Boilers, Electric utilities, Power genera-
tion, Gas turbines, Power plants, Meetings.
PB93-212868/REB PC A19/MF A04
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1991 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Held in Washington,
DC. on March 25-28,1991. Volume 3. Sessions 6-8.
Rept. for Mar 89-Mar 91.
Nesbit (William) and Associates, Santa Rosa, CA.
C. DeWitt. C1991,433p EPA/600/R-92/093C
See also Volume 2, PB93-212850. Sponsored by Elec-
tric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB93-212835.
December 1993 31
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The symposium was the sixth in a biennial series de-
voted to the international exchange of information on
recent technological and regulatory developments lor
stationary combustion NOx control. Topics covered in-
duded the significant increase in active full-scale retro-
fit demonstrations of tow-NOx combustion systems in
the United States and abroad over the past two years;
full-scale operating experience in Europe with selec-
tive catalytic reduction (SCR); pilot- and bench-scale
SCR investigations in the United States; increased at-
tention on selective noncatalytic reduction in the
United States; and NOx controls for oil- and gas-fired
boilers. Papers from the following sessions are con-
tained in Volume 3: Post Combustion Developments II;
Combustion NOx Developments II; New Develop-
ments I; New Developments II; On/Gas Combustion
Applications.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Stationary sources, Combustion products. Rue
gases, Parbculates, Boilers, Electric utilities, Gas tur-
bines. Power plants. Power generation. Meetings.
PB93-213213/REB PC A03/MF A01
GuMsfcw on Air Quality Models (Revised* Appen-
dix W of 40 CFR Part 51 (Supplement B).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb93,34p
See also PB86-24S248 and PB88-150958.
Recommendations are made in the guide concerning
air quality models, data bases, requirements for con-
centration estimates, the use of measured data in Keu
of model estimates, and model evaluation procedures.
The guidance provided here should be followed in all
air quality analyses relative to State Implementation
Plans and m analyses required by EPA, State and local
agency air programs. In all cases, the model applied to
a given situation should be the one that provides the
most accurate representation of atmospheric trans-
port, dispersion, and chemical transformations in the
area of interest.
Keywords: * Air pollution monitoring, •Atmospheric dif-
fusion, •Mathematical models, Air pollution dispersion,
Atmospheric models. Air flow. Chemical reactions, Pol-
krtton regulations, Guidelines. Ctean Air Act
P893-2134M/REB
RevMon of Wetho
PC A06/MF A02
Ambient Water QuaMy w..».. ,«. u*. i-ivwvmni
of Human Health: Report of Workshop and EPA'»
PrsfcnlMry Recommendation* for Revision, Draft
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
8Jan93,107p
The dean Water Act of 1977 requires the develop-
ment of protective criteria for ambient water contami-
nants that may adversely affect human health. Conse-
quently, EPA developed guidelines and a methodology
to derive these criteria tor individual chemicals and
prepared ambient Water Quality Criteria documents for
a group of 65 chemicals listed in the Act as priority
cherrtcate. The methodotogyarxl summaries of the cri-
teria data were pubftshed in 1980. The document pro-
poses a revision to the 1980 methodology. The need
for this is a result of the recognition that the underlying
science has advanced significantly in the past 12
years.
Keywords: 'Water quality management. 'Public
health. 'Water pollution effects, ^Meetings, dean
Water Act of 1977, Revisions, Chemicals, US EPA,
Recommendations, Carcinogens, Humans, Bacteria,
Microorganisms, Biological accumulation. Exposure,
C
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sludge process, Biological industrial waste treatment,
Oxidation, *Bioremediation, Contaminated soils,
Chlorinated solvents.
PB93-215572/REB PC A05/MF A01
RCRA Corrective Action Stabilization Technol-
ogies. Proceedings of the National Corrective
Action Stabilization Conference. Held in Colorado
Springs, CO., February 1992.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
D. Bartenfelder, R. Sims, H. Compton, W. Grube, and
L Murdock. Oct92, 89p EPA/625/R-92/014
See also PB92-102102, PB92-102110 and PB92-
114495.
The seminar publication provides an overview of many
technologies that can be used in applying the stabiliza-
tion concept to RCRA cleanup activities. Technologies
discussed include covers, grouting, slurry wails, hydro-
fracture, horizontal well drilling, vacuum extraction,
and btoventing. Information included in each discus-
sion includes applications and limitations, screening
criteria, implementation issues, and monitoring strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, "Remediation, "Waste
treatment, Meetings, Case studies, Ground water, Sur-
face waters, Landfills, Compaction, Grouting, Cover-
ings, Well drilling, Biological treatment,
"RCHA(Hesource Conservation and Recovery Act),
Cleanup, Treatment technology, Slurry walls, Vacuum
extraction, Bioventing.
P693-215S80/REB PC A08/MF A02
Wellhead Protection: A Guide for Small Communi-
ties. Seminar pub.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Feb 93,155p EPA/625/R-93/002
See also PB88-111693 and PB93-101111. Prepared in
cooperation with Eastern Research Group, Inc., Lex-
ington, MA.
Guidance for setting up wellhead protection programs
is available at the state and federal levels, but local ini-
tiative is the key to developing an effective program.
Each community can best determine how to develop
its own wellhead protection program by taking into ac-
count local hydrogeological characteristics, land uses,
and political and economic conditions. The publication
is designed to help small community decision makers,
utility personnel, and other interested community
members take intiative at the local level. It provides the
basic information needed to begin a wellhead protec-
tion program.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution control,
"Wellheads, Water quality management, Local gov-
ernment. Water wells, Aquifers, Water supply, Pollu-
tion regulations, Pollution sources, Case studies,
Meetings, Wellhead Protection Program.
P893-215598/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Air Emission* from Waste Management
Faculties. Seminar pub.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Aug 92,126p EPA/625/R-92/003
See also DE83005997. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Because air emissions from waste management oper-
ations pose a threat to human health and the environ-
ment, regulations have been developed to control or-
ganic air emissions from these operations. RCRA
standards limit organic air emissions as a class from
process vents and equipment leaks at hazardous
waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities requir-
ing a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA. Standards pro-
mulgated under the Clean Air Act (CAA) limit emis-
sions of benzene from benzene waste operations. The
seminar publication will help improve understanding of
the air rules that apply to waste management oper-
ations, focusing on control technologies and the
RCRA and CAA regulations.
Keywords: "Waste processing plants, "Air pollution
control, "Organic compounds, Meetings, Air pollution
standards, Pollution regulations, Air pollution monitor-
ing, Chemical analysis, Waste treatment, Waste dis-
posal, Waste storage, Waste management, Clean Air
Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Fugi-
tive emissions.
PB93-215606/REB PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Small Community Water and Wastewater Treat-
ment. Summary rept.
Science Applications International Corp., Fort Wash-
ington, PA.
Sep 92,89p EPA/625/R-92/010
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
The summary report presents information on the
unique needs of small communities facing new water
and wastewater treatment requirements. It contains
three main sections: technology overviews (each pre-
sents a process description, O&M requirements, tech-
nology limitations, and financial considerations), small
community case studies, and a resource directory pre-
senting listings of organizations that can provide a
wide variety of technical and financial services to small
communities.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Sewage treatment,
"Requirements, Communities, Financing, Case stud-
ies, Waste water, Packaged treatment plants, Trickling
filters, Potable water, Lagoons(Ponds), Sedimentation
tanks, Sludge digestion, Coagulation, Disinfection, Ac-
tivated carbon treatment, Activated sludge process.
Case studies, "Small systems, Drinking water.
PB93-215614/REB PC A08/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Control of Air Emissions from Superfund Sites.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. Eklund, P. Thompson, C. Albert, B. Walker, and W.
Delaney. Nov92,163p EPA/625/R-92/012
See also PB86-151677. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Center for Environ-
mental Research Information.
The intended audience for the handbook are engi-
neers and scientists involved in preparing Remedial
Design (RD) plans for Superfund sites. The handbook
contains a summary of existing information and an
overview of the topic of air emission controls is pre-
sented. The handbook contains background informa-
tion to familiarize the user with the technical basis for
each control technology. Specific guidance is provided
to assist the user in limiting the choices of potential
control technologies and in selecting a specific set of
control technologies for a given application. Refer-
ences are included for users seeking more detailed
guidance. The handbook is a screening tool and is not
intended to provide detailed technical specifications
for preparing bid packages.
Keywords: "Superfund, "Air pollution omtrol equip-
ment, "Hazardous materials, "Remediation, Environ-
mental exposure pathway, Air pollution standards,
Waste disposal, Point sources, Metals, Particulates,
Cost effectiveness, Manuals, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB93-21S622/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Estimation of Air Impacts for Solidification and
Stabilization Processes Used at Superfund Sites.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. Eklund, C. Thompson, and S. Mischler. Apr 93,54p
EPA/451/R-93/006
Contract EPA-68-DO-0125
See also PB93-215630, PB87-116745 and PB93-
186807. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response.
The report provides procedures for estimating the am-
bient air concentrations associated with solidification/
stabilization of contaminated soil or sludge. Solidifica-
tion/stabilization processes are used to immobilize
toxic and hazardous constituents in the contaminated
soil or sludge. Procedures are given to evaluate the
effect of the treatment rate and contaminant concen-
tration on the emission rates and on the ambient air
concentrations at selected distances from the treat-
ment area. Health-based ambient air action levels are
also provided for comparison to the estimated ambient
concentrations.
Keywords: 'Superfund, "Remediation, 'Ambient air
quality, "Stabilization, "Solidification, Hazardous mate-
rials, Waste disposal, Sludge, Exposure, Chemical
analysis, Air pollution effects(Humans), Risk assess-
ment, Public health, Contaminated soil, Volatile organ-
ic compounds.
PB93-215630/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Estimation of Air Impacts for Thermal Desorption
Units Used at Superfund Sites. Alr/Superfund Na-
tional Technical Guidance Study Series.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. Dulaney, B. Eklund, C. Thompson, and S. Mischler.
Apr 93, 54p EPA/451 /R-93/005
Contract EPA-68-DO-0125
See also PB93-215648. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The report provides procedures for estimating the am-
bient air concentrations associated with thermal de-
sorption. Thermal desorptipn is a treatment process
where heat is used to physically remove organic com-
pounds from soils and sludges. Procedures are given
to evaluate the effect of the treatment rate and con-
taminant concentration on the emission rates and on
the ambient air concentrations at selected distances
from the treatment area. Health-based ambient air
action levels are also provided for comparison to the
estimated ambient concentrations.
Keywords: "Superfund, "Remediation, "Ambient air
quality, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Sludge,
Exposure, Chemical analysis, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Risk assessment, Public health,
"Thermal desorption. Contaminated soil.
PB93-215648/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series: Estimation of Air Impacts from Area
Sources of Partlculate Matter Emissions at Super-
fund Sites.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. Eklund, C. Thompson, and S. Mischler. Apr 93,44p
EPA/451 /R-93/004
Contract EPA-68-DO-0125
See also PB93-215655. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report provides procedures for estimating the am-
bient air concentrations associated with emissions of
particulate matter from soils handling operations at Su-
perfund sites. Materials handling operations are nec-
essary at any site where ex-situ treatment is per-
formed. In addition, soils handling operations, such as
excavation or grading, are frequently performed as
part of site preparation. Procedures are given to evalu-
ate the effect of the handling rate and contaminant
concentration on the emission rates and on the ambi-
ent air concentrations at selected distances from the
treatment area. Health-based ambient air action levels
are also provided for comparison to the estimated am-
bient concentrations.
Keywords: 'Superfund, "Remediation, "Ambient air
quality, * Particulates, Hazardous materials, Waste dis-
posal, Materials handling, Exposure, Inhalation, Chem-
ical analysis, Air pollution effects(Humans), Risk as-
sessment, Public health, Contaminated soil, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB93-215655/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Estimation of Air Impacts for Bioventing Systems
Used at Superfund Sites. Air/Superfund National
Technical Guidance Study Series.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W Dulaney B. Eklund, C. Thompson, and S. Mischler.
Apr 93, 54p EPA/451 /R-93/003
Contract EPA-68-DO-0125
December 1993 33
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB93-215622. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The report provides procedures for estimating the am-
bient air concentrations associated with bioventing.
Bioventing is an insitu remediation process where
oxygen is introduced to the contaminated subsurfaces
to enhance biodegradation rates of the organic con-
taminants. Procedures are given to evaluate the effect
of exhaust gas flow rate and contaminant concentra-
tion on the emission rates and on the ambient air con-
centrations at selected distances from the area.
Health-based ambient air action levels are also provid-
ed for comparison to the estimated ambient concen-
trations.
Keywords: 'Superfund, 'Remediation, 'Ambient air
quality, Biodegradation, Hazardous materials, Waste
disposal. Exhaust gases. Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Air pollution effects(Humans), Risk assessment Public
health, 'Bioventing, Volatile organic compounds.
PB93-215663/REB PCA08/MFA02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, MC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Development and Testing of Dry Deposition Mgo-
.
Sigma Research Corp., Concord, MA.
J. A. Scire, G. E. Moore, and D. Strimaitis. May 93,
1 57p EPAM54/R-92/01 7
Contract EP A-66-D90067
See also PB92-232446. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planrtng and Standards.
The primary objective of the study is to implement a
generalized dry deposition algorithm for paniculate
matter, suitable for regulatory use. into the Industrial
Source Complex (ISC2) model. Reviews were con-
ducted of methods for computing dry deposition ve-
locities, plume depletion, and certain micrometeorolo-
gical parameters from routinely available observations.
Several observational data bases were identified from
the literature and used in the testing and evaluation of
ten particle deposition models. Recommendations for
computing particle deposition velocities, plume deple-
tion, and meteorological variables were made. These
techniques have been incorporated into a revised ver-
sion of the ISC2 model and related processor pro-
grams.
Keywords: *Dry methods, 'Deposition, 'Air pollution,
•Atmospheric diffusion, 'Algorithms, Diffusion model-
ing, Mathematical modete, Particulates, Regulations,
Plumes, Meteorology, Environmental transport, Com-
parison, Computerized simulation, Revisions. -Indus-
trial Source Complex Models.
PB93-21586VREB PC A10/MF A03
GuMeHnes for DeHneatfon of Wethead Protection
Areas, 1993. -«—••
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Ground-Water Protection.
May 93,207p EPA/440/5-93/001
See also PB88-111430.
The Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA), which were passed in June 1986, established
the first nationwide program to protect ground-water
resources used for pubbc water supplies from a wide
range of potential threats. The SDWA seeks to accom-
plish the goal by the establishment of State Wellhead
Protection (WHP) Programs which •protect wellhead
areas within their jurisdiction from contaminants which
may have any adverse effect on the health of persons.'
One of the major elements of WHP is the determina-
tion of zones within which contaminant source assess-
ment and management will be addressed. These
zones, denoted as Wellhead Protection Areas
(WHPA's), are defined in the SDWA as the surface
and subsurface area surrounding a water well or well-
field, supplying a public water system, through which
contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward
and reach such water well or weHfiekT Hence, the law
establishes the concept of protecting some of the re-
charge areas to these points of public drinking water
withdrawal. The States are given flexibility in determin-
ing appropriate operational approaches to WHPA de-
lineation. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
in addition, is required by the SDWA to refease techni-
cal guidance on the hydrogeotogic aspects of this task.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution control,
•Well heads, Water quality management. Water pollu-
tion abatement, Water wells, Water supply, Hydrogeo-
logy, Pollution regulations, Case studies, Safe Drinking
Water Act, Well Protection Program.
PB93-215929/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Lake Water Quality Assessment Program: South-
ern IIHnolS' Lakes.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Bums. Aug 91,50p IEPA/WPC/91-210
Prepared in cooperation with Greater Egypt Regional
Planning and Development Commission, Carbondale,
IL Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Chicago, IL Region V.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency applied
for, received, and implemented a Lake Water Quality
Assessment grant program from 1989-1991. Grant
monies from USEPA Region V, with equal funding pro-
vided by the Agency, were utilized to improve the
quantity and quality of lake information reported in the
1990 and 1992 cycle Section 305(b) (of the Clean
Water Act) reports. The report summarizes the water
quality and sediment data collected and assessments
for 25 southern Illinois lakes.
Keywords: 'Water quality data, 'Water pollution sam-
pling, 'Surface waters, Lakes, Clean Water Act,
Grants, Sediments. Nutrients. Metals, Chemical analy-
sis. Turbidity, Stratification, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrites,
Phosphorus, Alkalinity, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Tabtes(Data), 'Southern Region(lllinois), Total Sus-
pended Solids.
PB93-216087/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report Toronto Harbour
CommtsclorM
Train.
>ners (THC) Son Recycle Treatment
Science Applications international Corp., Buffalo, NY.
L C. Ehrenreich, A. Matuson, J. Peters, and J. Evans.
Jul 93,148p EPA/540/R-93/517
Contract EPA-68-CO-0048
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results and activities of the
demonstration testing of Toronto Harbor Commission-
ers (THC) Soil Recycle Treatment Train. The Demon-
stration was conducted at a site within the Port Indus-
trial District (PID) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada under
the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The demonstration exam-
ined a part of IXC's on-going evaluation of the treat-
ment train during the first nine months of 1992. EPA
elected to sample the process during the processing
of Soil B, which based on field sampling, was expected
to exhibit relatively high organic (oil and grease, PAH
compounds) and inorganic (heavy metals) contami-
nants.
Keywords: 'Land pollution control, 'Chemical treat-
mem, 'Biological treatment, Remediation, ChelatJon,
Slurries, Metals, Organic compounds. Inorganic com-
pounds, •Toronto(Canada), Toronto Harbor, Contami-
nated soil, Treatment train, Soil washing.
PB93-216075/REB PC A12/MF A03
Environmental Monitoring Issues: Results of
Workshop* HeM hi July 1992 a* Part of EPA's
Eighth Annual Waste Testing and Quality Assur-
ance Symposium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance.
D. Friedman. Mar 93,274p EPA/600/R-93/033
The report summarizes the ideas and information de-
veloped in a series of workshops held in July, 1992 to
address four environmental monitoring issues. The
issues addressed were: Adoption of performance
based methods; Predicting the environmental impact
of oily materials; Characterizing heterogeneous
wastes; Characterizing mixed wastes. The workshops
served as a means of soliciting input on how EPA can
best address these issues from all sectors of the moni-
toring community (e.g., state and regional regulatory
officials, industry, commercial laboratories, other fed-
eral agencies).
Keywords: 'Environmental monitoring, 'Waste man-
agement, 'Meetings, Oil wastes, Radioactive wastes,
Hazardous materials. Environmental impact assess-
ments, Environmental issues, Pollution regulations,
Technology utilization, Mixed wastes, Waste charac-
terization.
PB93-216109/REB PC A03/MF A01
Protecting Local Ground-Water Supplies through
Wellhead Protection.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
May 91,23p EPA/570/09-91 /007
See also PB92-224765.
The guide outlines an easy-to-follow, five-step process
that a community can take to protect its public water
supply wells.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Ground water,
'Well heads, Water quality management, Water pollu-
tion abatement Water wells, Water supply, Hydrogeo-
logy, Local government Pollution regulations, Plan-
ning.
PB93-216174/REB PC A10/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Div.
Marine Industry Characterization Report. Final
rept.
ICF International, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
25 Mar 93,204p EPA/420/R-93/008
Contract EPA-68-C1 -0059
See also PB92-126960. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Certification Div.
Under the dean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is re-
quired to consider the impacts on air quality caused by
previously unregulated sources, including nonroad en-
gines and vehicles. In a previous report EPA deter-
mined that engines used for marine applications, in-
cluding both pleasure craft and commercial vessels,
may contribute to emissions of regulated pollutants in
some areas that fail to meet ambient air quality stand-
ards. Consequently, EPA has initiated efforts to further
refine its understanding of the marine industry, includ-
ing the products and markets of industry participants.
The purpose of the report is to summarize data on the
technical characteristics of marine engines and ves-
sels and the financial characteristics of firms in the in-
dustry. The report contains no discussion of the envi-
ronmental impacts associated with the marine industry
or of the potential economic or financial effects that
any future regulatory efforts may have.
Keywords: 'Marine engines, 'Shipbuilding, 'Naval ar-
chitecture, 'Air pollution abatement US EPA, Clean
Air Act Boating, Trends, Air quality, Exhaust emis-
sions. Regulations, Finances, Manufacturing.
PB93-216273/REB PC A10/MF A03
Selecting Remediation Technique* for Contami-
nated Sediment
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Jun 93,222p EPA/823/B-93/001
See also PB93-116275.
The objective of the planning guide is to assist federal
and state remedial managers, local agencies, private
cleanup companies, and supporting contractors in the
remedial decision-making process at contaminated
sediment sites. It attempts to accomplish the following:
define the characteristics of contaminated sediments
and of surrounding water bodies that affect remedy se-
lection, provide a streamlined process for selecting an
appropriate remedy, describe commonly-selected
conventional remedies and potentially applicable inno-
vative technologies. Current literature on processing
contaminated sediment has provided the generic con-
tent in the guide. The sediment-specific data has been
consolidated for easy reference. It brings together
conventional options and potential alternatives appro-
priate to these sites; it provides treatabilrty study data
and examples drawn from relevant case studies.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Hazardous materials, 'Pollu-
tion control. Water pollution effects(Materials), Reme-
34 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
diation, Surface waters, Biological treatment, Solvent
extraction, Dechlorination, Incineration, Desorption,
Solidification, Case studies, Handbooks, Treatment
technology, Soil washing.
PB93-216380/REB PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Simultaneous Control of PM-10 and Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Rationale for Selection of Hazardous
Air Pollutants as Potential Partlculate Matter or
Associated with Partlculate Matter at Source Con-
ditions. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jun93,89p EPA/452/R-93/013
Contract EPA-68-DO-0125
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The dean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) set
forth a list of 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAP's) and
required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to promulgate control standards for the principal
sources of these emissions. The purpose of the report
is to identify HAP's that may be particulate matter
(PM), associated with PM, or condensible (C) emis-
sions at source conditions and, therefore, could poten-
tially be controlled at the source using particulate con-
trol technology.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Particulates, 'Air
pollution control, Chemical analysis, Criteria, Pollution
regulations, Aliphatic organic compounds, Alicyclic or-
ganic compounds, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Metals,
Inorganic compounds. Radioactive wastes,
HAP(Hazardous air pollutants), Glean Air Act Amend-
ments of 1990, Dibenzofurans.
PB93-216562/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Mobile On-Slte Recycling of Metalworklng Fluids.
Battelle, Columbus, OH.
A. R. Gavaskar, R. F. Olfenbuttel, and J. A. Jones. Jul
93,53p EPA/600/R-93/114
Contract EPA-68-CO-0003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Product quality, waste reduction, and economic issues
were evaluated for a technology designed to recycle
metalworking fluids. Emulsion-type fluids were tested
at two sites and a synthetic fluid was tested at a third
site. The specific recycling unit evaluated is based on
the technology of filtration, pasteurization, and cen-
trifugatJon. This recycling unit is mounted on a truck
which goes from site to site, performing the recycling
at each customer location. The customer is charged a
fixed fee for the service. Metalworking fluid recycling
was found to have good potential as a means of waste
reduction and cost savings. The product quality
achieved by this unit was evaluated by conducting per-
formance tests and by chemical characterization of the
spent recycled and virgin fluids. Performance tests in-
cluded tests for corrosion resistance, emulsion stabili-
ty, foaming resistance lubricity and biological resist-
ance.
Keywords: 'Recycling, *Metal working, 'Cutting fluids,
Reid tests, Pasteurizing, Centrifuging, Filtration, Tech-
nology assessment, Mobile equipment, Waste recy-
cling.
PB93-216570/REB
PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Outreach to Manufacturers of Lead Test Kits.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. K. Luk, L. L Hodson, and W. F. Gutknecht. Jul 93,
30pEPA/600/R-93/119
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Copies of the investigation were submitted to each test
kit manufacturer in October, 1 991 , both for their review
and also to provide information which might be valua-
ble to the manufacturers for the purpose of improving
their kits. The manufacturers' identities were coded in
the draft report. The manufacturers were then contact-
ed and sent a questionnaire regarding their product
and plans for the future. After the outreach was com-
pleted (spring 1992), the draft evaluation report was
revised, the manufacturers' names included, and the
report published as 'Investigation of Test Kits for De-
tection of Lead in Paint, Soil and Dust', EPA 600/R-
93/085. The objective of the report is to present a dis-
cussion of the results of the outreach to the test kit
manufacturers.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Sampling, 'Surveys, Test-
ing, Instructions, Soils, Dust, Paints, Government/in-
dustry relations, 'Test kit manufacturers, Test kits,
Outreach programs.
PB93-216588/REB PC A07/MF A02
Effects of UV-B and Global Climate Change on
Rice: Second Annual Program Progress Report
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Olszyk, D. Bachelet, S. Holman, K. Fischer, and K.
L. Heong. Jul 93,149p EPA/600/R-93/128
See also PB93-135622. Prepared in cooperation with
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Corvallis,
OR., and International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos,
Laguna (Philippines).
The report describes the second year of research by
the Rice Research Program conducted cooperatively
at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis (ERL-C),
Oregon, USA, and at the International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI) at Los Banos, the Philippines. It covers
the period October 1, 1991 through September 30,
1992. The report first describes the overall framework
and organization of the project. The second year of the
program saw continued progress in the characteriza-
tion of impacts o< increasing ultraviolet-B radiation and
climate change on the wetland rice ecosystem. The
next three years of the project will see a continuation
of the intensive modeling and research activities to
assess the effects of UV-B and global climate change
on rice productivity. Such research is essential if pro-
ductivity is to be sustained and increased in a changing
global climate.
Keywords: 'Rice plants, 'Biological radiation effects,
'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Climatic changes, 'Terrestrial
ecosystems, Global aspects, Plant ecology, Yield, Ag-
ricultural products, Agroclimatology, Quality assur-
ance, Environmental effects.
PB93-216596/REB PC A08/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: Site Program
Demonstration Test Accutech Pneumatic Fractur-
ing Extraction and Hot Gas Injection, Phase 1.
Volume 1.
Science Applications International Corp., Hackensack,
NJ.
Jul 93,165p EPA/540/R-93/509
Contract EPA-68-CO-0048
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction (PFE) process
developed by Accutech Remedial Systems, Inc.
makes it possible to use vapor extraction to remove
volatile organics at increased rates from a broader
range of vadose zones. The low permeability of silts,
clays, shales, etc. would otherwise make such forma-
tions unsuitable for cost-effective vapor extraction and
require more costly approaches. Pneumatic fracturing
provides an innovative means of increasing the perme-
ability of a formation and thus extending the radius of
influence so that contaminants can be effectively ex-
tracted. In the PFE process, fracture wells are drilled in
the contaminated vadose zone and left open bore (un-
cased) for most of their depth. A packer system is used
to isolate small (2 ft) intervals so that short bursts (- 20
sec) of compressed air (less than 500 psig) can be in-
jected into the interval to fracture the formation. The
process is repeated for each interval. The fracturing
extends and enlarges existing fissures and/or intro-
duces new fractures, primarily in the horizontal direc-
tion. When fracturing has been completed, the forma-
tions then subjected to vapor extraction.
Keywords: 'Land pollution control, 'Remedial action,
'Soil treatment 'Volatile organic compounds, Fractur-
ing, Performance evaluation, Vadose water, Injection,
Technology innovation, Cost analysis, Quality assur-
ance, 'Soil vapor extraction, 'Pneumatic fracturing ex-
traction.
PB93-216604/REB PC A06/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Workshop Report: Identification of Performance
Parameters for Test Kit Measurement of Lead in
Paint. Held in Research Triangle Park, North Caro-
lina on January 12-13,1993.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Environmental Measurements and Quality
Assurance.
E. D. Estes, and W. F. Gutknecht. Jul 93,117p EPA/
600/R-93/129
Contract EPA-68-D10009
See also PB93-216612. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored
a 1 112 day workshop to review the status of chemical
test kit technology designed for testing lead (Pb) in
solids. The goals of the workshop were to identity
problems and limitations that could result in measure-
ment error and to develop a set of performance pa-
rameters to generate or verity figures of merit that are
comparable across the technology. The report sum-
marizes the presentations, discussions and recom-
mended approaches to experimentally determine the
parameters of bias, precision, response range, calibra-
tion and interferences.
Keywords: 'Test equipment, 'Lead(Metal), 'Paints,
'Meetings, 'Air pollution, Identifying, Homeowner
housing, Sampling, Comparison, Quantative analysis,
Qualitative analysis, Concentration(Composition), Per-
formance evaluation, Consumer products, Safety, Cali-
brating, Professional test kits.
PB93-216612/REB PC A05/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Workshop Report: Identification of Performance
Parameters for Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Measurement of Lead in Paint Held in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina on January 11-12,
1993.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Environmental Measurements and Quality
Assurance.
E D Estes, and W. F. Gutknecht. Jul 93,100p EPA/
600/R-93/130
Contract EPA-68-D10009
See also PB93-216604. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored
a 1 1 /2 day workshop to review the current status of
portable x ray fluorescence (XRF) technology. The
goal of the workshop was to identity problems and limi-
tations that could result in portable XRF measurement
error and to develop a set of performance parameters
to generate or verify figures of merit that are compara-
ble across the technology. The report synopsizes the
remarks of nine of the thirty-two attendees who ad-
dressed topics ranging from HUD's needs and lead
policy issues to XRF instrument design, operation and
applications. Group consensus definitions and imple-
mentation techniques were developed for such per-
formance parameters as precision, bias, detection
limits, interpretation of substrate effects and the eval-
uation of instrument physical characteristics.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, 'Lead(Metal),
'Paints, 'Air pollution, 'Meetings, X ray fluorescence,
Chemical analysis, Measurement, Errors, Public build-
ings, Nondestructive tests, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation.
PB93-216638/REB PC A15/MF A03
Companies that Generate, Treat, Dispose or Re-
cover Hazardous Waste. 1991 Annual Report.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
H. A. Wright. May 93,345p IEPA/LPC/93-059
See also PB89-177935.
The publication contains information gathered by the
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Illi-
nois companies that generate and ship off-site, and
companies that treat, store, dispose, or recycle
(TSDR) hazardous waste. Section I contains informa-
December 1993 35
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion on companies that generated hazardous waste in
Illinois and snipped it off-site for management during
1991. Section II contains information on TSDR facili-
ties in Illinois that filed an annual report in 1991. This
includes facilities that generated and managed their
own hazardous waste on-site and facilities that accept-
ed and managed waste generated by others.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Hazardous materials. Industrial
waste treatment, Waste disposal, Waste processing
plants, Waste recycling, Waste storage, Waste trans-
fer stations, Incineration, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes,
Sludges.
PB93-216869/REB PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Specialized Catalysts for Methanol
(M100) Vehicles. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Development Group.
R. I. Bruetsch, R. M. Schaefer, and G. K. Pkjtrowski.
Jun 93,20p EPA/AA/TDG-93/03
The report discusses the results of a test program per-
formed at EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions
Laboratory (NVFEL) to evaluate two different metha-
nol vehicle catalyst systems. The catalysts were
tested on a lean bum and a stoichiometric port injected
engine equipped vehicle using M100 (neat methanol)
fuel. The exhaust emission levels, particularly formal-
dehyde emissions, were significantly reduced by both
catalysts. Air injection strategies were implemented to
obtain very low cold start emissions of unbumed fuel
and formaldehyde.
Keywords: * Methanol fuels, 'Catalysts, 'Motor vehicle
engines, 'Air pollution abatement Catalytic convert-
ers, Exhaust gases, Automotive fuels, Burning rate,
Fuel injection, Formaldehyde, Combustion products.
PB93-216M5/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
SCREEN2 Model User's Guide.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Sep 92,56p EPA/450/4-92/006
Contract EPA-68-D00124
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document presents current EPA guidance on the
use of the SCREEN2 screening model. The SCREENS
model is supported by the 'SCREEN2 Model User's
Guide', which previously was Appendix A of 'Screening
Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of
Stationary Sources - Draft for Public Comment1 (PB89-
159396). SCREEN2 is a PC-driven, Gaussian atmos-
pheric dispersion model which calculates maximum 1-
hour, downwind concentrations of non-reactive pollut-
ants. Major changes in this version of SCREEN2 are
the finite line segment method for area sources, addi-
tion of wind speeds in the wind speed-stability matrix
for calculating concentrations, and the inclusion of a
single volume source option. The structure of the com-
puter code was moclfied to aid in any future revisions
to SCREENS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution dispersion, 'Stationary
sources, 'Environmental impacts, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Wind velocity, Meteorological data, User
manualsfComputer programs), Computerized simula-
tion, Air quality, Point sources, 'SCREENS computer
model. Clean Air Act
PB93-216927/REB PC A06/MF A02
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1992.
Volume 1: Statewide Summary.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Bums. Apr 93,114p IEPA/WPC/93-O61A
See also PB93-217214 and PB92-222512.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the
Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1992. Citizens
were trained to measure SeccN disc transparency,
total depth, and record field observations from a boat
at designated sites on their chosen lake. The report
provides a historical perspective of the Volunteer Lake
Monitoring Program and describes program objectives
and rationale. Methods for volunteer training and data
handling/analysis are described; 1992 program results
presented and discussed; and trends analyzed. Two
hundred and forty-six volunteers participated in moni-
toring 136 lakes in 1992; 134 lakes had data for 4 or
more sampling periods and are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution sampling, 'Citizen partici-
pation, 'Lakes, 'Illinois, Volunteers, History, Training,
US EPA, Nutrients, Suspended sediments, Transpar-
ence, Turbidity, Objectives, Classifications, Eutroph-
ication. Periodic variations, Tables(Data), Trophic
level, Oligotrophic, Mesatrophic.
PB93-216950/REB
PC A03/MF A01
Comparative Health Effects Assessment of Drink-
ing Water Treatment Technologies: Report to
Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
4Nov88,12p
See also PB89-108971 and PB89-173710.
The document is the executive summary for the report
of the same name (PB89-173710/HDM). It evaluates
the impact of the most widespread drinking water
treatment technologies (particularly disinfection) on
public health.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Water treatment, 'Public
health, Water quality, Risk assessment Disinfection,
Filtration, By-products, Hearth hazards. Water pollution
control, Toxteity, Treatment technology, Raw water.
PS93-216992/REB PC A05/MF A01
Turning the Tide on Trash: A Learning Guide on
Marine Debris.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
1992,90p EPA/842/B-92/003
See also PB92-188606.
The learning guide is an interdisciplinary guide de-
signed to provide maximum flexibility in the classroom.
The guide can be used as a stand-alone teaching tool,
or individual activities may be used to supplement work
in other subject areas. The learning guide opens with
an exercise, 'Let's Talk Trash: A Litter Survey,' that en-
courages students to think about their own behaviors
and attitudes with respect to litter. Following the litter
survey are the learning guide's three teaching units:
The Definition, Characteristics, and Sources of Marine
Debris. In this unit students will examine what marine
debris is, where it comes from, and how it enters the
marine environment The Effects of Marine Debris.
This unit explores the effects of marine debris on wild-
life and coastal communities, and the potential haz-
ards it poses to humans. Developing Solutions and
Spreading the Word. In this unit students will learn
about steps they can take to prevent marine debris, in-
vestigate what individuals and organizations are doing
about the problem, and explore ways to educate
others about possible solutions.
Keywords: 'Marine disposal, 'Water pollution control,
'Education, Litter, Coastal regions, Water pollution ef-
fects. Beaches, Ocean waste disposal, Manuals, Stu-
dents, Instructors, Marine pollution. Instructional mate-
rials.
PB93-217172/REB PC A03/MF A01
National Estuary Program Guidance. Comprehen-
sive Conservation and Management Plans: Con-
tent and Approval Requirements.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water.
Oct 92,40p EPA/842/B-92/002
Estuaries and other coastal and marine waters are na-
tional resources increasingly threatened by pollution,
habitat loss, coastal development and resource con-
flicts. Congress established the National Estuary Pro-
gram (NEP) under the Water Quality Act of 1987 to pio-
neer a broad and innovative approach to respond to
these threats. The NEP, managed by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA), identifies nationally
significant estuaries and supports the development of
comprehensive management plans to ensure their ec-
ological integrity. Ultimately, these activities result in a
comprehensive conservation and management plan
(CCMP) for the estuary. The first section describes the
requirements for approvabte CCMPs. This guidance
does not mandate the format in which the CCMP con-
tents are presented.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Estuaries,
'Coasts, Water Quality Act of 1987, Guidelines, Water
conservation, Habitats, Objectives, Trends, Assess-
ments, Aquatic ecosystems, US EPA, Regulations, Fi-
nancing, Natural resources management. National Es-
tuary Program, Institutional framework.
PB93-217180/REB PC A04/MF A01
Biological and Water Quality Survey of Sugar
Creek and Tributaries Crawford County, Illinois,
August and September 1992.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. M. King, and R. L. Hite. Jun 93, 54p IEPA/WPC-93-
063
In August 1992, the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency investigated water quality and biological condi-
tions in Sugar Creek and tributaries, Robinson Creek,
Quail Creek, Marathon Creek, and Lamotte Creek, in
Crawford County, Illinois. The primary purpose was to
assess impacts of wastewater from the two major dis-
chargers, the Robinson municipal wastewater treat-
ment plant (MWWTP) and the Marathon Petroleum
Company refinery, upon the water quality and aquatic
life use of Robinson Creek and Sugar Creek. Water
quality degradation downstream from Robinson
MWWTP included elevated dissolved solids, chemical
oxygen demand, nitrates, phosphorus, and chloride,
and downstream from the Marathon refinery included
additional elevations of all of the above constituents,
along with elevated water temperatures caused by
Marathon effluent Aquatic life, including macroinyerte-
brates and fish, indicated poor conditions in Robinson
Creek downstream from the Robinson MWWTP, and
very poor conditions downstream from the Marathon
refinery.
Keywords: 'Water quality data, 'Stream pollution,
'Fresh water fishes, Municipalities, Sewage treatment,
Waste disposal, Refineries, Industrial wastes, Inverte-
brates, Sampling, Populations, Aquatic animals, Waste
water, Temperature, Inorganic nitrates, Phosphorus,
Chlorides, Tables(Data), Tributaries, 'Crawford
County(lllinois), Chemical oxygen demand.
PB93-217214/REB PC A04/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1992.
Volume 2: Northwestern Illinois Region.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Bums. May 93,57p IEPA/WPC/93-061B
See also PB93-216927 and PB93-113538.
The report is Volume II of a series of seven reports
summarizing Illinois EPA's 1992 Illinois Volunteer Lake
Monitoring Program (VLMP). It provides a summary of
1992 VLMP lakes in Northwestern Illinois including a
program overview, volunteer participation, and a rank-
ing of lakes on a regional basis. Thirty-eight volunteers
recorded a total depth, Secchi disc transparency, and
field observations for 20 lakes in Northwestern Illinois
between May and October, 1992. Average transparen-
cies ranged from 6-166 inches. Volunteer water quality
samples were collected at three lakes once every
month from May thru October and ambient lake data,
collected by IEPA staff, is presented for seven lakes.
Keywords: 'Water quality sampling, 'Citizen participa-
tion, 'Lakes, Volunteers, Monitoring, Training, Turbidi-
ty, Clarity, Ranking, Suspended sediments, Depth,
Color, Algae, Weeds, Tables(Data), Maps, Trophic
level, 'Northwest Region(lllinois), Secchi disc trans-
parency.
PB93-217412/REB PC A23/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Reactive Plume Model IV (RPM-IV) User's Guide.
Systems Applications International, San Rafael, CA.
Jun 93,549p EPA/454/B-93/012
Contract EPA-68-D9-0066
See also PB82-230723. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Reactive Plume Model (RPM-IV) is a photochemi-
cal plume-segment model that simulates the evolution
of a photochemical plume by representing the plume
as a series of cells across the horizontal extent of the
plume. The RPM is a Lagrangian model that repre-
sents an air parcel of pollutants as it moves downwind,
36 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
simulating the entrapment of ambient (background) air
and the resulting chemical transformations within the
plume. Each run of the RPM simulates one air parcel
trajectory as it travels downwind. The RPM estimates
short-term concentrations of primary pollutants (reac-
tive or inert emissions) and secondary pollutants
(those formed within point-source plumes). Different
chemical mechanisms can be used within and outside
the plume in different model runs, such as first-order
reaction rate approximations to nonlinear chemical
systems, different levels of condensation of a master
mechanism, or different representations of chemical
reactions (e.g., alternative reaction rate constants).
Keywords'. 'Air pollution, 'Photochemical reactions,
•Reaction kinetics, Point sources, Photochemistry,
Ozone, Photolysis, Nitrogen oxides, Computerized
simulation, User manuals(Computer programs), 'Re-
active plume models, Volatile organic compounds.
PB93-217537/REB PC A18/MF ACM
Guidance for Writing Permits for the Use or Dis-
posal of Sewage Sludge. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance.
Mar 93,401 p
See also PB91-145508.
Section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) directs
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
develop regulations containing guidelines for the use
and disposal of sewage sludge. On February 19th,
1993, EPA published final regulations at 40 Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 503 as the culmination
of a major effort to develop technical standards in re-
sponse to Section 405(d). These regulations govern
three sewage sludge use and disposal practices: land
application, surface disposal, and incineration. A key
element in EPA's implementation of the Part 503 regu-
lations is educating Agency and State personnel about
these new requirements. Although the regulations are
generally directly enforceable against all persons in-
volved in the use and disposal of sewage sludge, they
will also be implemented through permits issued to
treatment works treating domestic sewage' as defined
in 40 CFR 122.22. Thus, the primary focus of the
manual is to assist permit writers in incorporating the
Part 503 requirements into permits; it serves as an
update to the Guidance lor Writing Case-by-Case
Permit Conditions for Municipal Sewage Sludge
(PB91-145508/HDM).
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Permits, 'Pollution regu-
lations, Permit applications, Sludge disposal, Waste
recycling, Pollution standards, Pollution monitoring,
Land disposal, Incineration, Pathogens, Manuals,
Guidelines, Land application, Clean Water Act,
POTW(Publicly owned treatment works).
PB93-217560/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environment Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Preven-
tion, Preparedness and Response. Environment
monograph.
Organization for Economic Co-Operatjon and Devel-
opment, Paris (France).
Feb93,127pOECD-51
Also pub. as Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse rept. no. EPA/550/B-93/001 and ISBN-0-16-
041782-1. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency-Response. Sponsored by Envi-
ronment Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
The Guiding Principles address the various issues
which may affect safety at a hazardous installation.
These include prevention-related issues such as those
concerning the establishment of a corporate Safety
Policy, the planning, design, siting, construction and
operation of the installation, and the review of safety
performance as well as the establishment of safety ob-
jectives and a control framework by public authorities.
In addition, the Guiding Principles address the issues
of emergency planning and response in order to miti-
gate the adverse consequences of any accident that
might occur. Other issues covered are land-use plan-
ning, community awareness, research and develop-
ment, and aid and investments related to installations
in non-OECD countries. (Copyright (c) OECD, 1992.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Emergency plan-
ning, 'Accident prevention, Industrial accidents,
Chemical spills, Safety, Emergency preparedness,
Public health, Exposure, Decision making, Community
relations, Cooperation, OECD(Organization for Eco-
nomic Cooperation and Development).
PB93-217628/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
State Clean Water Strategies: Meeting the Chal-
lenges of the Future.
Industrial Economics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Dec87,26p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Water.
The report includes a market-based incentive ap-
proach to water pollution abatement. Trading creating
a market to buy and sell allowances to discharge pol-
lutants, allows municipal and industrial point sources
to meet water quality goals. The study focuses on the
use of trading to achieve compliance with water quality
standards for water quality-limited rivers, lakes, and
estuaries.
Keywords: 'Water pollution standards, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Municipalities, 'Industries, Allot-
ments, Point sources, Compliance, Objectives, Re-
quirements, Markets, Lakes, Rivers, Estuaries, US
EPA, States(United States), 'Water Quality Act of
1987, *Discharge(Water).
PB93-217636/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Benefits and Feasibility of Effluent Trading be-
tween Point Sources: An Analysis in Support of
Clean Water Act Reauthorization. Draft rept.
Industrial Economics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
M. Luttner, and M. Podar. May 92,69p
Contract EPA-68-W1 -0009
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
To prepare for reauthorization of the Clean Water Act,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) com-
missioned a series of studies of market-based incen-
tive approaches to water pollution abatement. The
study addresses one such approach: allowing munici-
pal and industrial point sources to meet water quality
goals by trading; i.e., by creating a market to buy and
sell allowances to discharge pollutants. The study fo-
cuses in particular on the use of trading to achieve
compliance with water quality standards for water
quality-limited rivers, lakes, and estuaries, assuming
that all municipalities and industries that discharge to
these waters will remain subject to existing technolo-
gy-based requirements. The study includes three com-
ponents. First, it reviews the literature on the theoreti-
cal benefits of trading (focusing on case studies of
specific water bodies) and identifies the major factors
influencing the magnitude of the benefits. Second, it
assesses data collected by EPA to determine the fre-
quency with which trading might be employed in prac-
tice, identifying the number of water quality-limited
water bodies receiving discharges from multiple point
sources. Finally, staff of regulatory agencies were
interviewed to determine the extent to which trading is
now applied and the issues that would need to be ad-
dressed for trading to become more widely used.
Keywords: 'Water pollution economics, 'Point
sources, 'Pollution regulations, Water pollution stand-
ards, Water pollution abatement, Standards compli-
ance, Chemical effluents, Municipal wastes, Industrial
wastes, Water quality management, Economic analy-
sis, Water Quality Act, Clean Water Act, Pollutant dis-
charge allowances.
PB93-217644/REB PC A09/MF A02
Training Manual for NPDES Permit Writers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Mar 93,187PEPA/833/B-93/003
See also PB93-185619.
The manual provides basic training in the writing of a
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit. It is designed for new permit writers,
but may also serve as a refresher for experienced
permit writers. The manual will also be useful for
anyone who has an interest in the NPDES permit pro-
gram and how it operates.
Keywords: 'Permits, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Manuals, Permit applications, Water pollution stand-
ards, Effluents, Water treatment, Pollution regulations,
Industrial wastes, Municipal wastes, Reporting require-
ments, Training, NPDES(National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System), Clean Water Act.
PB93-217651/REB PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory Site Re-
mediation Technical Support Program: FY92
Annual Report Final rept.
Science Applications International Corp., Cincinnati,
OH.
Mar93,19pEPA/600/R-93/133
Contract EPA-68-C8-0048
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is respon-
sible for planning, implementing, and managing re-
search, development, and demonstration programs to
provide an authoritative, defensible engineering basis
in support of the policies, programs, and regulations of
the EPA with respect to drinking water, wastewater,
pesticides, toxic substances, solid and hazardous
wastes, and Superfund-related activities. The publica-
tion is one of the products of that research and pro-
vides a vital communication link between the research-
er and the user community. The report summarizes the
activities and accomplishments of the Laboratory in
providing technical support to EPA Regional Offices
and others on contaminated soil site remediation engi-
neering problems.
Keywords: 'US EPA, 'Hazardous materials, 'Test fa-
cilities, Soil contamination. Remediation, Superfund,
Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Risk assessment,
Research projects, 'Risk Reduction Engineering Lab-
oratory, Research and development, Treatment tech-
nology, START(Superfund Technical Assistance Re-
sponse Team).
PB93-217669/REB PC A12/MF A03
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
3DFEMWATER/3DLEWASTE: Numerical Codes
for Delineating Wellhead Protection Areas in Agri-
cultural Regions Based on the Assimilative Ca-
pacity Criterion.
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA.
G. T. Yen, S. Sharp-Hansen, B. Lester, R. Strobl, and
J. Scarbrough. Nov 92,254p EPA/600/R-92/223
Contract EPA-68-CO-0019
Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania State
Univ., University Park, GeoTrans, Inc., Sterling, VA.,
and AScI Corp., Athens, GA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Two related numerical codes, 3DFEMWATER and
3DLEWASTE, are presented that can be used to delin-
eate wellhead protection areas in agricultural regions
using the assimilative capacity criterion. 3DFEM-
WATER (Three-dimensional Finite Element Model of
Water Flow Through Saturated-Unsaturated Media)
simulates subsurface flows, whereas 3DLEWASTE
(Hybrid Three-dimensional Lagrangian-Eulerian Finite
Element Model of Waste Transport Through Saturat-
ed-Unsatured Media) models contaminant transport.
Both codes treat heterogeneous and anisotropic
media consisting of as many geologic formations as
desired, consider both distributed and point sources/
sinks that are spatially and temporally dependent, and
accept for types of boundary conditions~i.e., Dirichlet
(fixed-head or concentration), specified-flux, Neumann
(specified-pressure-head gradient or specified-disper-
sive flux), and variable. The variable boundary condi-
tion in 3DFEMWATER simulates evaporation/infiltra-
tion/seepage at the soil-air interface and, in
3DLEWASTE, simulates mass infiltration into or ad-
vection out of the system. 3DLEWASTE contains op-
tions to model adsorption using a linear, Fruendlich, or
Langmuir isothern, plus dispersion, and first-order
decay.
Keywords: 'Wellheads, 'Three dimensional flow,
'Water pollution control, Water wells, Path of pollut-
ants, Ground water, Agricultural chemicals, Agricultur-
al wastes, Water supply, Computerized simulation, Air
water interfaces, Sediment water interfaces, Saturated
flow, Unsaturated flow, 3DFEMWATER computer
model, 3DLEWASTE computer model.
December 1993 37
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB93-217784/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Leachate Generation and Migration at Subtitle D
Faculties: A Summary and Review of Processes
and Mathematical Models.
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA.
C. 1_ Travers, and S. Sharp-Hansen. Aug 93,140p*
EPA/600/R-93/125
Contracts EPA-68-03-3513, EPA-68-CO-0019
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently
promulgated revisions to the Solid Waste Disposal Fa-
cility Criteria under Subtitle D of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). These revisions
create a need for tools to predict the performance of
facilities regulated under Subtitle D. Mathematical
models, based on site-specific data, provide a means
to estimate the effects of a variety of designs and hy-
drogeotogic conditions on the generation and migra-
tion of teachate at a Subtitle D facility. Leachate gen-
eration and migration are influenced by numerous
interrelated physical, chemical, and biological process-
es that can occur during the lifetime of a waste dispos-
al facility. Many of these processes are discussed in
the report Some processes are well understood and
easily described by mathematical models. The mathe-
matical representation of other processes is the sub-
ject of current research. The report focuses on the
general state-of-the-art in modeling teachate genera-
ten and migration. Issues related to selection of
models for application to specific scenarios are also
discussed.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Leaching, •Mathe-
matical models, '011608, 'Earth fills, US EPA, Revi-
sions, Environmental transport, Hydrogedogy, Sou
properties. Biological effects. Municipalities, Industrial
wastes, State of the art Scenarios, Pollution regula-
tions. Performance evaluation, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act
PB93-217792/REB PC A04/MF A01
Anaerobic Dehatogenatfon and Its Environmental
Implications. Abstracts of 1992 American Society
for Microbiology Conference. Held In Athens,
Georgia on August 30-September 4,1992.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens* GA.
J. E Rogers, and D. A. Abramowicz. Aug 93.75p EPA/
600/R-93/131
Prepared in cooperation with General Electric Corpo-
rate Research and Development Schenectady, NY.
The document provides abstracts of the 33 papers
presented at the conference sessions addressing the
environmental fate of chlorinated organic chemicals;
the anaerobic dechlomatJon of chlorinated phenols;
the dechtorination of pofycNorinated biphenyls; the
dehatogenation of aliphatic compounds; the dechlorin-
atfon of pesticides; the abiotic dechtorination of por-
phyrins, corrins, and non-tetrapyrrotes; the kinetics of
dehalogenations; the microbial physiology of dechtor-
inating systems; and the hydrolytjc dehalogenation of
compounds. Research results were provided for a vari-
ety of compounds, including potychtorinated biphenyls,
pentachtorc-dtoenzotfioxan, polychlorinated phenols,
2,4-cSchtorophenol, a/odors, 1,2-dichloroethane, te-
trachtoroelhene, methyl chloride, perchloroethytene,
2,4,5-tetrachtorophenoi, and pentacNorodibenzo-
furan.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Anaerobic bacteria,
'Environmental pollutants, 'Meetings, Potychlorobi-
phenyl compounds, Oitorohydrocarbons, Kinetics,
Phenols, Halogens, Pesticides, Herbicides, Hydrolysis,
Chlorinated phenols. Chlorinated dioxanes.
PB93-218170/REB
Olrect/Detayed Respc
PC A14/MF A03
M Project Future Effects
of Long-Term Sulfur Deposition on Surface Water
Chemistry hi the Northeast and Southern Blue
Ridge Province. Volume 4. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
M. R. Church, K. W. Thornton, P. W. Shaffer, D. L
Stevens, and B. P. Rochetle. Jut 89,304p EPA/600/3-
89/061 D
Also available from Supt of Docs. See also Volume 3,
P893-218188.
Volume IV contents: Appendices (Model calibration,'
confirmation reports. Watersheds simulated by ETD,
ILWAS, and MAGIC, Uncertainty estimates confidence
bounds for model projections).
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Sulfur, 'Acidification,
'Water chemistry, Blue Ridge Mountains, Air water
interactions, Acid rain, Deposition, Watersheds, Drain-
age, Air pollution effects, Runoff, Acid neutralizing ca-
pacity, Soil chemistry, Chemical analysis, Hydrology,
Maps, 'Direct/Delayed Response Program, National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Northeastern
RegionfUnited States), Southern Blue Ridge
Province(United States).
PB93-218188/REB PC A14/MF A03
Direct/Delayed Response Project Future Effects
of Long-Term Sulfur Deposition on Surface Water
Chemistry in the Northeast and Southern Blue
Ridge Province. Volume 3. Level 3 Analyses and
Summary of Results.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
M. R. Church, K. W. Thornton, P. W. Shaffer, D. L
Stevens, and B. P. Rochelte. Jul 89,319p EPA/600/3-
89/061 C
Also available from Supt of Docs. See also Volume 2,
PB93-218196 and Volume 4, PB93-218170.
Volume III contents: Level 3 Analyses - Dynamic Wa-
tershed Modelling; Summary of Results (Retention of
Atmospherically Deposited Sulfur Base Cation
Supply; Integrated Effects on Surface Water Acid Neu-
tralizing Capacity).
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Sulfur, 'Acidification,
'Water chemistry. Blue Ridge Mountains, Air water
interactions, Acid rain, Deposition, Watersheds, Drain-
age, Air pollution effects, Runoff, Acid neutralizing ca-
pacity, Soil chemistry. Chemical analysis, Hydrology,
Maps, 'Direct/Delayed Response Program, National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Northeastern
Region(United States), Southern Blue Ridge
Province(United States).
PB93-218196/REB PC A18/MF A04
Direct/Delayed Response Project Future Effects
of Long-Term Sulfur Deposition on Surface Water
Chemistry In the Northern and Southern Blue
Ridge Province. Volume 2. Level 1 and Level 2
Analyses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
M. R. Church, K. W. Thornton, P. W. Shaffer, D. L
Stevens, and B. P. Rochelle. Jul 89,411 p EPA/600/3-
89/061 B
Also available from Supt of Docs. See also Volume 1,
PB93-218204 and Volume 3, PB93-218188.
Volume II contents: Watershed Sulfur Retention; Level
1 Statistical Analyses (includes relationships between
atmospheric deposition and surface water chemistry
and between watershed attributes and surface water
chemistry); Level 2 Analyses - Single Factor Response
Time Estimates.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Sulfur, 'Acidification,
'Water chemistry. Blue Ridge Mountains, Air water
interactions, Acid rain, Deposition, Watersheds, Drain-
age, Air pollution effects, Runoff, Acid neutralizing ca-
pacity, Soil chemistry, Chemical analysis, Hydrology,
Maps, 'Direct/Delayed Response Program, National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Northeastern
Regkxi(Unrt9d States), Southern Blue Ridge
Province(United States).
PB93-218204/REB PC A14/MF A03
Direct/Delayed Response Project Future Effects
of Long/Term Sulfur Deposition on Surface Water
Chemistry In the Northern and Southern Blue
Ridge Province. Volume 1. Executive Summary,
Prefect Approach and Data Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
M. R. Church, K. W. Thornton, P. W. Shaffer, D. L.
Stevens, and B. P. Rochelle. Jul 89,321 p EPA/600/3-
89/061 A
Also available from Supt of Docs. See also Volume 2,
PB93-218196.
Volume I Contents: Introduction to Direct/Delayed Re-
sponse Program; Processes of Acidification; Project
Approach; Data Sources and Descriptions (Mapping,
Soil, Deposition and Hydrology); Regional Population
estimate.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Sulfur, 'Acidification,
'Water chemistry, Blue Ridge Mountains, Air water
interactions, Acid rain, Deposition, Watersheds, Drain-
age, Air pollution effects, Runoff, Acid neutralizing ca-
pacity, Soil chemistry, Chemical analysis, Hydrology,
Maps, 'Direct/Delayed Response Program, National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Northeastern
Region(United States), Southern Blue Ridge
Province(United States).
PB93-218238/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Demonstration of Remedial Action Technologies
for Contaminated Land and Groundwater. Volume
1. Final rept. Nov 86-Nov 91.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
R. F. Olfenbuttel, T. O. Dahl, M. Hinsenveld, S. C.
James, and N. Lewis. Feb 93,132p* CCMS-190-VOL-
1.EPA/600/R-93/012A
Contract EPA-68-C8-0062
See also PB93-218246 and PB93-218253. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Contents: Thermal technologies; Stabilization/solidifi-
cation technologies; Soil vapor extraction technol-
ogies; Physical/chemical extraction technologies;
Pump and treat ground water, Chemical treatment of
contaminated soils (APEG); Microbial treatment tech-
nologies; Selecting remedies at a complex hazardous
waste site.
Keywords: 'Soil contamination, 'Ground water, 'Re-
mediation, Hazardous materials, Land pollution con-
trol. Water pollution control, Waste treatment, Waste
recycling, Waste processing, Solidification, Stabiliza-
tion, Biodegradation, Extraction, Chemical treatment,
Treatment technology. Thermal treatment.
PB93-218246/REB PC A99/MF A06
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Demonstration of Remedial Action Technologies
for Contaminated Land and Groundwater. Volume
2, Appendices. Part 1: Pages 1 through 662. Final
rept Nov 86-Nov 91.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
R. F. Olfenbuttel. Feb 93,662p' CCMS-190-VOL-2-
PT-1, EPA/600/R-93/012B
Contract EPA-68-C8-0062
See also PB93-218238 and PB93-218253. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The Pilot Study was designed to identify and evaluate
innovative, emerging and alternative remediation tech-
nologies and to transfer technical performance and
economic information on them to potential users.
Volume II, Appendices, Part 1 contains overviews of
national environmental regulations and guest speak-
ers' presentations.
Keywords: 'Soil contamination, 'Ground water, 'Re-
mediation, Pollution regulations, Hazardous materials,
Land pollution control, Water pollution control. Waste
treatment, Waste recycling, Waste processing, Chemi-
cal treatment Solidification, Stabilization, Biodegrada-
tion, Extraction, Treatment technology, Thermal treat-
ment.
PB93-218253/REB PC A99/MF A06
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Demonstration of Remedial Action Technologies
for Contaminated Land and Groundwater. Volume
2, Appendices. Part 2-. Pages 663 through 1389.
Final rept. Nov 86-Nov 91.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
R. F. Olfenbuttel. Feb 93,718p' CCMS-190-VOL-2-
PT-2, EPA/600/R-93/012C
Contract EPA-68-C8-0062
See also PB93-218238 and PB93-218246. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
38 Vol. 93, No. 4
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Pilot Study was designed to identity and evaluate
innovative, emerging and alternative remediation tech-
nologies and to transfer technical performance and
economic information on them to potential users.
Volume II, Appendices, Part 2 contains final project re-
ports and NATO/CCMS Fellow reports.
Keywords: *Soil contamination, 'Ground water, •Re-
mediation, Case studies, Hazardous materials, Land
pollution control, Water pollution control, Waste treat-
ment Waste recycling, Waste processing, Chemical
treatment, Solidification, Stabilization, Biodegradation,
Extraction, Treatment technology, Thermal treatment
PB93-218501/REB PC A07/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering tab.
Airborne Asbestos Concentrations Three Years
After Abatement in Seventeen Schools. Rnal sum-
mary rept.
Environmental Quality Management Inc., Cincinnati,
OH.
J. R. Kominsky, R. W. Freyberg, J. A. Brownlee, and K.
A. Brackett 31 Dec 92,131p EPA/600/R-93/152
Contract EPA-68-D2-0058
Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey State Dept
of Health, Trenton. Environmental Health Service, and
International Technology Corp., Cincinnati, OH. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
In 1988, a study was conducted to document Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act final clearance con-
centrations of asbestos at these 17 schools. The find-
ings of the study prompted a followup study in 1990 to
determine the airborne asbestos concentrations 2
years after the abatement efforts in these schools. An-
other followup study was conducted in May 1991 to
determine the airborne asbestos concentrations in
these 17 schools during actual occupied conditions.
Results showed elevated levels of airborne asbestos
at seven of the schools. Reentrainment of residual as-
bestos-containing debris from the 1988 abatement or
operations and maintenance activities may have con-
tributed to the elevated airborne asbestos concentra-
tions measured during the May 1991 study.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Air pollution monitoring,
'School buildings, Air pollution abatement Indoor air
pollution, New Jersey, Exposure, Environmental sur-
veys, Concentration(Composition).
PB93-218519/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
FMd Sorbent Recycling Device for Industrial
Fluid Users,
Battelte, Columbus, OH.
A. S. C. Chen, R. F. Olfenbuttel, and B. T. Cano. Aug
93,59p EPA/600/R-93/154
Contract EPA-68-CO-0003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A roller compression extractor that extracts fluids from
reusable sorbent pads was evaluated as a method of
waste reduction. The extraction device, evaluated for
industrial fluid users in New Jersey, was found to be ef-
fective in recycling unpleated sorbent pads, especially
for low-viscosity fluids. The unpleated sorbent pads
can be reused for at least eight times for low-viscosity
fluids and up to three times for medium-viscosity fluids.
However, the Extractor cannot be used for pads
soaked with high-viscosity fluids. Annual savings up to
51 % and 75%, would be possible for pads reused two
and eight times, respectively. The cost per use can be
as low as $1.19 for eight reuse cycles, versus $4.80 for
single usage. The savings come primarily from cost
and volume reductions in sorbent pad disposal. The
number of drums needed for pad disposal would be re-
duced 73% and 93% if pads are reused for two and
eight times, respectively.
Keywords: 'Waste recycling, 'Pollution abatement,
'Liquid wastes, 'Sorbents, 'Industrial wastes, Extrac-
tion, Performance evaluation, Economic analysis.
Quality assurance, Technology utilization, Waste man-
agement Viscosity, 'Roller compression extractors,
'Sorbent pads.
PB93-21B568/REB PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Three Cleaning Methods for Remov-
ing Asbestos from Carpet Determination of Air-
borne Asbestos Concentrations Associated with
Each Method. Final summary rept.
Environmental Quality Management, Inc., Cincinnati,
OH.
J. R. Kominsky, D. W. Freyberg, and K. A. Brackett.
Aug 93,85p EPA/600/R-93/155
Contract EPA-68-CO-0016
Prepared in cooperation with International Technology
Corp., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The study was conducted to compare the effective-
ness of three cleaning methods to remove asbestos
from contaminated carpet and to determine the air-
borne asbestos concentrations associated with the
use of each method. The carpet on which the methods
were tested was naturally contaminated over a period
of approximately 15 to 20 years from fallout of asbes-
tos-containing material in ceiling tiles and fireproofing.
The effectiveness of dry vacuuming using vacuum
cleaners with and without a high-efficiency paniculate
air filter was compared with that of wet cleaning using
a hot-water extraction cleaner. Overall, wet cleaning
with a hot-water extraction cleaner reduced the level
of asbestos contamination in the carpet by approxi-
mately 60 percent No significant evidence was found
to indicate either an increase or a decrease in carpet
asbestos concentration after dry vacuuming.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Carpets, 'Air pollution control,
Vacuum cleaners, Vacuum filters. Indoor air pollution,
Air pollution sampling, Air filters, Exposure, Particle
size distribution. Wet vacuuming, Dry vacuuming.
PB93-218576/REB PC A05/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Method for the Determination of Asbestos In Bulk
Building Materials. (Test Method).
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. L Perkins, and B. W. Harvey. Jul 93,100p EPA/
600/R-93/116
Contracts EPA-68-02-4550, EPA-68-D1-0009
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Laboratories are now called upon to identify asbestos
in a variety of bulk building materials, including loose-
fill insulations, acoustic and thermal sprays, pipe and
boiler wraps, plasters, paints, flooring products, roofing
materials and cementrtious products. The diversity of
bulk materials necessitates the use of several different
methods of sample preparation and analysis. The
report outlines the applicability of the various prepara-
tion and analysis methods to the broad spectrum of
bulk building materials now being analyzed. The
method demonstrated a capability Tor improving the
precision and accuracy of analytical results. It contains
significant revisions to procedures outlined in the Inter-
im Method along with the addition of several new pro-
cedures.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Building materials, 'Air pollu-
tion sources, Construction materials, Sample prepara-
tion, Electron microscopy, X ray diffraction, Gravime-
try, Polarized light Calibration, Identifying, Standards,
Compliance, Quality control, Stereomicroscopy.
PB93-218865/REB PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Recycling Nickel Electroplating Rinse Waters by
Low Temperature Evaporation and Reverse Os-
mosis*
Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Cham-
paign. Hazardous Waste Research and Information
Center.
T. C. Lindsey, and P. M. Randall. Aug 93,72p EPA/
600/R-93/160
Contract EPA-CR-815829
See also PB-240 722. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
Low temperature evaporation and reverse osmosis
systems were each evaluated (on a pilot scale) on
their respective ability to process rinse water collected
from a nickel electroplating operation. Each system of-
fered advantages under specific operating conditions.
The low temperature evaporation system was best
suited to processing solutions with relatively high
(greater than 4,000 to 5,000 mg/L) nickel concentra-
tions. The reverse osmosis system was best adapted
to conditions where the feed solution had a relatively
low (less than4,000 to 5,000 mg/L) nickel concentra-
tion. In electroplating operations where relatively dilute
rinse water solutions must be concentrated to levels
acceptable for replacement in the plating bath, a com-
bination of the two technologies might provide the best
process alternative.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Vacuum evapo-
ration, 'Reverse osmosis, 'Waste water, Electroplat-
ing, Industrial wastes, Waste recycling, Operating
costs, Cost analysis, Technology transfer, Perform-
ance evaluation, Treatment technology, Nickel plating.
PB93-219095/REB PC A05/MF A01
Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Qual-
ity Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 92,93p EPA/454/R-92/019
The document presents current EPA guidance on the
use of the revised screening procedures for estimating
the air quality impact of stationary sources. The origi-
nal version of the document (EPA-450/4-88-010,
PB89-159396) was a draft for public comment which
has subsequently been included as part of the Guide-
line on Air Quality Models. SCREEN2 technical sup-
port is provided herein. Major changes in this version
of SCREEN2 are the finite line segment method for
area sources, addition of wind speeds in the wind
speed-stability matrix for calculating concentrations,
and the inclusion of a single volume source option.
Keywords: 'Air pollution dispersion, 'Stationary
sources, 'Environmental impacts, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Wind velocity, Meteorological data, Computer-
ized simulation, Air quality, Point sources, 'SCREEN2
computer model, Clean Air Act.
PB93-219111/REB PC A04/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1992.
Volume 4. West Central Illinois Region. Annual
rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Burns. Jun 93,63p IEPA/WPC/93-061D
The report is Volume IV of a series of seven reports
summarizing Illinois EPA's 1992 Illinois Volunteer Lake
Monitoring Program (VLMP). It provides a summary of
1992 VLMP lakes in West-Central Illinois including a
program overview, volunteer participation, and a rank-
ing of lakes on a regional basis. Fifty-two volunteers
recorded total depth, Secchi disc transparency, and
field observations of 24 lakes in West-Central Illinois
between May and October, 1992. Average transparen-
cies ranged from 12-243 inches. Volunteer water qual-
ity samples were collected at seven lakes once every
month from May thru October and ambient lake data,
collected by IEPA staff, is presented for six lakes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution sampling, 'Citizen partici-
pation, 'Lakes, Volunteers, Measurement, Transpar-
ence, Turbidity, Color, Depth, Suspended sediments,
Algae, Weeds, Ratings, Field tests, Tables(Data),
Trophic level, 'West Central Region(lllinois).
PB93-219459/REB PC E99/MF E99
PR Notices 92-1 through 92-6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1992,37p-in6v*
Set includes PB93-219467 through PB93-219517.
No abstract available.
PB93-219467/REB PC A02/MF A01
PR Notice 92-1. Notice to Manufacturers, Formula-
tors, Producers, and Registrants of Pesticide
Products.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
2 Jan 92, 8p EPA/731 /N-92/001
See also Part 2, PB93-219475.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB93-219459.
December 1993 39
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of the notice is to clarify the Office of Pes-
ticide Program's (OPP's) policy with regard to submis-
sion and identification of adverse effects information
under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) Section 6