EJBD
ARCHIVE
EPA
601-
R-
86-
004
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TR-09-86
A STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF THE
UNSEWERED U.S. POPULATION
Repository Material
Permanent Collection
Contract No. 3-84-2-6908
Submitted To:
James Kreissel, Project Officer
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
26 West Street, Clair Street
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Prepared By:
ENGINEERING & ECONOMICS RESEARCH, INC.
1951 Kidwell Drive
Vienna, Virginia 22180
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oo ^
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
SECTION I
A comparison of unsewered dwellings between 1970 and 4
1980: an overview
SECTION II
Major features of unsewered single family dwellings 16
when classified by lot sizes
Main features of single family dwellings on lot size 19
of less Chan one acre when classified by rural/urban
location
Main features of single family dwellings on lot size 22
of less than one acre when classified by the source of
water supply
^3 Main features of single family dwellings on lot size 25
O of less than one acre when classified by the number of
I bedrooms
.3- Main features of single family dwellings on lot size 28
cT of less than one acre when classified by the age of
0° dwellings
Main features of single family dwellings on lot size 31
of less than one acre when classified by the value of
property
SECTION III
Main features of unsewered single family dwellings 41
Main features of unsewered single family dwellings 44
When classified by the source of water supply
li
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Page
Main features of unsewered single family dwellings 47
when classified by the number of rooms
Main features of unsewered single family dwellings SO
when classified by the age of dwellings
Main features of unsewered single family dwellings 53
when classified by the value of property
APPENDIX A: A METHODOLOGY TO EXTROPOLATE INCOME 56
APPENDIX B: SIGNIFICANCE TEST FOR DIFFERENCES OF MEANS 58
GLOSSARY 59
iil
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1: A comparison of salient features of unsewered 5
dwellings between 1970 and 1980 (source: 1970
and 1980 census)
Table 2: Percentages of rural household population and 6-9
unsewered housing units in each state/state
group (source: 1970 and 1980 census).
Table 3: Classification of structures by type of sewage 10-12
in each state/state group (source: 1980 census).
Table 4: Classification of population by.type of sewage in 13-15
each state/state group (source: 1980 census).
Table 5: Characteristics of unsewered single family 17-18
dwellings classification by lot sizes (source:
1980 census).
Table 6: Characteristics of unsewered single family 20-21
dwellings on lot size of less than one acre
rural/urban classification (source: 1980 census).
Table 7: Characteristics of unsewered single family 23-24
dwellings on lot size of less than one acre
classification by the source of water supply
(source: 1980 census).
Table 8: Characteristics of unsewered single family 26-27
dwellings on lot size of less than one acre
classification by the number of bedrooms (source:
1980 census).
Table 9: Characteristics of unsewered single family 29-30
dwellings on lot size of less than one acre
classification by the age of dwellings (source:
1980 census).
Table 10: Characteristics of unsewered single family 32-33
dwellings on lot size of less than one acre
classification by the value of property (source:
1980 census).
Table 11: Classification of structures by type of sewage 34-37
in each state, (source: 1970 census).
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Page
Table 12: Classification of population by type of sewage 38-40
in each state, (source: 1970 census).
Table 13: Characteristics of unsewered single family 42-43
dwellings, (source: 1970 census).
Table 14: Characteristics of unsewered single family 45-46
dwellings classification by the source of
water supply (source: 1970 census).
Table 15: Characteristics of unsewered single family 48-49
dwellings classification by the number of
rooms (source: 1970 census).
Table 16: Characteristics of unsewered single family 51-52
dwellings classification by the age of
dwelling (source: 1970 census).
Table 17: Characteristics of unsewered single family 54-55
dwellings classification by the value of
property (source: 1970 census).
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this statistical abstract Is to provide demographic
and housing characteristics of the unsewered population In the U.S. based
on 1970 and 1980 census data. These characteristics are provided to
assist Che Wastewater Research Division of Water Engineering Research
Laboratory in planning wastewater facilities over the upcoming decades.
In the abstract, unsewered population and housing units are enumerated
for each state/state group.
Using 1980 census data, unsewered single family dwellings in the
U.S. are classified by lot sizes. Within each class statistics on
the following variables are provided:
o Total number of dwellings
o Occupancy status (occupied/seasonal/vacant)
o Plumbing status (complete/incomplete)
o Source of water supply (public system or a private company/
other sources)
o Bedrooms
o Bathrooms
o Occupants (adult/children)
o Age of adult occupants
o Age of dwelling
o Property value
o Household income.
Dwellings on lot size of less than one acre are analyzed in greater
detail. These dwellings are classified by location (rural/urban),
source of water supply, number of bedrooms, age and property value
of dwellings. Within each of these sub-classes, statistics on the
variables listed above are provided.
All elements of analyses of 1980 census could not be repeated
for the 1970 census due to the unavailability of the data. For example,
1970 census data does not provide information on lot sizes. Rural/urban
classification is not made for all states.* No information is available
on number of bedrooms and household income, instead the information
*The eight states for which no rural/urban classification is made
are - Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Nevada, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont,
and Wyoming.
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is available on number of rooms and family income. Keeping these dif-
ferences in view, most of the analyses of 1980 census data are repeated
for 1970 census data.
The statistical abstract is divided into three sections. Section
I describes the salient features of single family unsewered dwellings
in 1970 and 1980. A table showing percentages of rural population
and unsewered housing units in each state/state group for the two years
is also provided. Section II provides detailed analyses of 1980 census
data. Section III describes analyses of 1970 census data.
SOURCES OF DATA
Public-use microdata samples obtained from the Bureau of the Census
for 1970 and 1980 were used in the preparation of the abstract. Public-use
microdata samples are computer tapes which contain records for a sample
of housing units, with information on the characteristics of each unit
and the people in it. For the abstract, IT sample was used for both
1970 and 1980 census.
For the 1980 census, each microdata file Is a stratified sample
of the population, actually a sub-sample of the full census sample
(19.4Z of all households) that received census long-form questionnaires.
Sampling was done household-by-household in order to allow study of
family relationships and housing unit characteristics. Sampling of
persons in institutions and other group quarters was done on a person-
by-person basis. Vacant units were also sampled.
In preparing this abstract, 1Z C sample was used for the 1980
census for the following two reasons: (1) to see if the classification
by location (rural/urban) affected the characteristics of unsewered
dwellings and (2) to study the trend of unsewered housing units in
the last decade. The 1Z C sample identifies 27 states, District of
Columbia and eight groups of states.
The Census Bureau created six separate 1Z samples from the 1970
census, three based on the 1SZ version of the 1970 questionnaire, and
three based on the SZ version. Geographic areas identified on 1970
microdata files were required to have at least 250,000 inhabitants.
One geographic scheme employed in 1970 identified states, a second
identified SMSA's with 250,000 or more inhabitants and similarly large
county groups elsewhere, and the third identified only very large areas
but included records for "neighborhood characteristics."
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SECTION I
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In Che 1970 census, data on sewage disposal and source of water
supply was available only at the 15? version. Hence, the 151 version
which identifies states was used. Here all fifty states are identifed.
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A COMPARISON OF UNSEWERED DWELLINGS BETWEEN 1970 AND 1980; AN OVERVIEW
In che last ten years, both the number and percentage of sewered
housing units have increased. In 1970, out of 68.7 million housing
units, 68.4 million (i.e., 70%) were served by the public sewer system.
In 1980, the total number of housing units increased to 84.8 million.
Of these 62.2 million or 74Z were served by public sewer systems.
Table 2 shows that in each state the percentage of unsewered housing
units have declined in the last ten years.
In spite of the decline in the percentage of unsewered housing
units, the absolute number of unsewered single family dwellings has
increased. In 1970, there were 18.1 million unsewered single family
dwellings. In 1980 the number increased to 19.7 million.
In the last ten years, there has been no change in some of the
characteristics of unsewered dwellings. For example, the percentage of
year round occupied dwellings has remained constant at 87Z. The median
number of adult and child occupants remained the same, respectively
at two and zero.
Some characteristics have changed in the last ten years. In 1980,
the percentage of dwellings with complete plumbing facilities increased
to 93.2Z from 80% in 1970. These has been a small increase in che
percentage of dewllings receiving their water supply from a public
system or a private company. This percentage increased from 37Z in
1970 to 391 is 1980. The average age of adult occupants declined from
46.41 years to 45.71 years in 1980.
It is not possible to compare the economic status of households
because in the 1980 census, data was collected for household income
but in the 1970 census, family income was reported. According to the
Bureau of the Census, household Income differs from family income by
including income received by all household members 15 years old or
over, not just those related to the householder.*
Due to an explosion in property values in the decade of the seventies,
it is not very meaningful to compare the average property value of
dwellings in 1970 and 1980. In the 1070 census, the highest classification
for property value was S50,000 or aore. This classification was raised
to $200,000 or more in the 1980 census. Any other comparison of statistics
derived from the 1970 and 1980 census data is not possible because
in the former case, dwellings are analyzed Irrespective of the lot
size, whereas in the latter, dwellings on lot size of less than one
acre are analyzed.
*For a detailed distinction in the two definitions refer to glossary.
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TABLE 1
A COMPARISON OF SALIENT FEATURES OF UNSEWERED DWELLINGS
BETWEEN 1970 AND 1980 (SOURCE: 1970 AND 1980)
1970 Census 1980 Census
Total number of unsevered housing
units*
Total number of unsevered single
family dwellings*
Number of unsevered dwellings
occupied year round*
Number of unsevered dwellings with
complete plumbing facilities*
Number of unsevered dwellings
receiving vater supply from a public
system or a private company*
Average age of dwelling (in years)
Median number of adult occupants
Median number of child occupants
Average age of adult occupants
(in years)
202,527
181,242
157,296
145,502
67,419
27.76
2.00
0.00
46.41
225,529
197,585
172,961
184,156
76,519
27.02
2.00
0.00
45.71
*Numbers are in hundreds.
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TABLE 2
PERCENTAGES OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND UNSEWERED
HOUSING UNITS IN EACH STATE/STATE GROUP
(SOURCE: 1970 AND 1980 CENSUS)
STATE
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Michigan
Mississippi
RURAL HOUSEHOLD
1970 CENSUS
42
50
9
22
22
0
19
40
17
36
48
34
26
57
POPULATION
1980 CENSUS
40
49
9
20
21
0
15
38
17
36
50
31
29
53
UNSEWERED
1970 CENSUS
49
47
13
19
38
1
39
42
17
38
49
32
34
52
HOUSING UNITS
1980 CENSUS
46
43
11
12
33
1
28
40
15
35
46
29
31
44
(continued)
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TABLE 2 (continued)
STATE
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Ve'st Virginia
Wisconsin
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont*
Massachusetts
Rhode Island*
RURAL HOUSEHOLD
1970 CENSUS
11
14
57
25
32
33
29
54
42
20
37
28
62
35
50 )
44 (
- }
~\
POPULATION
1980 CENSUS
11
15
53
27
33
32
31
47
40
20
35
27
64
36
54
16
UNSEWERED
1970 CENSUS
18
23
55
26
27
39
29
55
48
22
39
36
49
32
*)
"
37)
29 I
37)
HOUSING UNITS
1980 CENSUS
14
23
54
24
27
32
27
47
44
19
35
33
49
31
55
29
(continued)
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TABLE 2 (continued)
STATE RURAL HOUSEHOLD POPULATION UNSEWERED HOUSING UNITS
1970 CENSUS 1980 CENSUS 1970 CENSUS 1980 CENSUS
Maryland 23 |
Delaware* - )
Montana 47 )
Idaho 45 >
Wyoming* - /
Minnesota 34 >
Iowa 44
Missouri 30 j
'
Kansas 34
Nebraska 38
South Dakota 56
North Dakota 58 /
Utah* - |
Nevada* - j
Arizona 20 )
New Mexico 30 j
23)
21 } 21
.26)
39
45 44
25,
\ 32>
"
1
^ 37 24
25
37
38 >
35
> 27
18 I
15 } 14
15)
24)
20 J 23
29)
(continued)
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TABLE 2 (continued)
STATE RURAL HOUSEHOLD POPULATION UNSEWERED HOUSING UNITS
1970 CENSUS 1980 CENSUS 1970 CENSUS 1980 CENSUS
Alaska* - )
t 2C
Hawaii* - )
38)
-1
24
* - In the 1970 census, distinction between the rural/urban
classification is not made for these states because there
are less than 250,000 people in one or the other category.
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SECTION II
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TABLE 3
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES BY TYPE OF SEWAGE IN EACH STATE/STATE GROUP*
(SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
STATE /STATE ALL
GROUP STRUCTURES**
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Michigan
Mississippi
New Jersey
New York
15,458
9,507
98,599
12,699
12,493
3,104
45,788
21,722
45,920
22,388
14,720
16,457
37,926
9,770
29,092
73,222
HOUSING UNITS
TOTAL SEWERED UNSEWERED
14,681
8,991
92,935
11,956
11,603
2,785
43,831
20,299
43,210
20,933
13,688
15,494
35,949
9,131
27,739
68,734
7,687
5,166
82,827
10,266
7,829
2,762
31,457
12,109
36,575
13,655
7,335
11,067
24,865
5,120
23,987
53,062
6,994
3,825
10,108
1,690
3,774
23
12,374
8,190
6,635
7,278
6,353
4,427
11,084
4,011
3,752
15,672
UNSEWERED HOUSING
UNITS
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
CESS POOL MEANS
6,252
3,415
9,541
1,505
3,708
6
12,009
7,578
6,278
6,967
5,172
4,0«»1
10,531
3,297
3,614
14,996
742
410
567
185
66
17
365
612
357
311
1,181
336
553
714
138
676
10
(continued)
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TABLE 3 (continued)
STATE /STATE ALL
GROUP STRUCTURES**
North
Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South
Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Maine,
New Hampshire,
Vermont
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island
24,724
43,376
13,265
11,422
48, 947
12,605
18,591
58,950
21,996
18,003
7,832
19,959
12,005
28,127
HOUSING UNITS
TOTAL SEVERED UNSEVERED
22,777
41,090
12,365
10,844
45,975
11,545
17,479
55,544
20,230
16,910
7,484
18,671
11,112
25,807
10,501
31,176
9,058
7,386
33,667
6,098
9,882
44,813
13,231
11,271
3,808
12.818
5.016
18,364*
12,276
9,914
3,307
3,458
12,308
5,447
7,597
10,731
6,999
5,639
3,676
5.853
6,096
7,443
UNSEWEREO HOUSING
UNITS
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
CESS POOL MEANS
11,292
9,232
3,112
3,316
11,312
4,973
6,863
9,750
6,052
5,442
3,037
5,348
5,532
7,288
984
682
195
142
996
474
734
981
947
197
639
505
564
155
(continued)
11
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TABLE 3 (continued)
STATE/STATE ALL
GROUP STRUCTURES'
HOUSING UNITS
UNSEWERED HOUSING
UNITS
TOTAL
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
SEWERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
Minnesota, 73,825 68,589 50,336 18,253
Iowa, Missouri,
Kansas ,
Nebraska,
South Dakota,
North Dakota
Maryland, 19,210 18,108 14,219 3,889
Delaware
Montana, Idaho, 9,416 8,937 5,815 3,122
Wyoming
Utah, Nevada 8,682 8,305 7,169 1,136
Arizona, 16,961 16,215 12,528 3,687
New Mexico
Alaska, Hawaii 5,535 4,975 3,769 1,206
16,430 1,823
3,612 277
2,857 265
1,064 72
3,181 506
915 291
*Numbers are in hundreds.
**The numbers indicated under all structures include group quarters. All
group quarters are sevred.
12
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TABLE 4
CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY TYPE OF SEWAGE IN EACH STATE/STATE GROUP*
(SOURCE: L980 CENSUS)
STATE/STATE
GROUP
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Michigan
Mississippi
TOTAL
38,272
22,410
231,606
28,185
29,965
6,042
95,915
53,253
111,745
53,335
35,578
41,271
90,304
24,640
POPULATION UNSEWERED POPULATION SERVED
BY BY
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
SEWERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
19,292
12,593
206,436
24,297
19,333
5,994
65,744
30,643
93,588
33,518
17,905
29,118
63,762
13,516
18,980
9,817
25,170
3,888
10,632
48
30,171
22,610
18,157
19,817
17,673
12,153
27,042
11,124
17,152
8,925
23,918
3,704
10,479
17
29,555
21,069
17,536
19,258
14,715
11,416
26,584
9,203
1,328
892
1,252
184
153
31
616
1,541
621
559
2,958
737
458
1,921
(continued)
13
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TABLE 4 (continued)
STATE /STATE
GROUP
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Maine,
New Hampshire,
Vermont
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island
TOTAL
72,427
171,088
56,692
105,759
29,353
25,809
115,819
30,218
44,830
139,458
51,901
40,274
19,164
45,828
24,606
64,503
POPULATION UNSEWERED POPULATION SERVED
BY BY
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
SEWERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
61,498
129,203
25,331
77,221
20,750
16,887
83,494
15,077
24,287
113,181
33,131
25,768
9,110
31,713
11,562
44,527
10,929
41,885
31,361
28,538
8,603
8,922
32,325
15,141
20,543
26,277
18,770
14,506
10,054
14,115
13,044
19,976
10,641
40,980
29,309
27,170
8,220
8,753
30,940
13,955
18,906
24,321
16,417
14,292
8,628
13,715
12,573
19,727
288
905
2,052
1,368
383
169
1,385
1,186
1,637
1,956
2,353
214
1,426
400
471
249
(continued)
14
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TABLE 4 (continued)
STATE/STATE POPULATION UNSEWERED POPULATION SERVED
GROUP BY BY
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
TOTAL SEWERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
Minnesota, Iowa, 166,893 120,782 46,111 43,463 2,648
Missouri,
Kansas,
Nebraska,
South Dakota,
North Dakota
Maryland ,
Delaware
Montana, Idaho,
Wyoming
Utah, Nevada
Arizona,
New Mexico
Alaska, Hawaii
47,225
21,573
22,427
39,496
13,186
36,412
13,779
19,340
30,640
9,921
10,813
7,794
3,087
8,856
3,265
10,097
7,515
3,008
7,800
2,797
716
279
79
1,056
468
^Numbers are in hundreds.
15
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MAJOR FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
WHEN CLASSIFIED BY LOT SIZES
1980 CENSUS
Unsevered single family dwellings were classified on Che bases
of these lot sizes: (1) less than one acre, (2) between one and nine
acres, and (3) ten or more acres. 46* of the total unsewered dwellings
were located on lots of less than one acre and 232 were on lots of
more than 10 acres. The remaining 31Z were located on lots of 1 to
9 acres.
Of dwellings on lots of less than one acre, 83Z were occupied
year round, 94Z had complete plumbing facilities and 571 obtained
their water supply from a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings on lots of between 1 and 9 acres, 92% were occupied
year round, 94Z had complete plumbing facilities and 29Z were served
by a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings on lots of 10 or more acres 89? were occupied year
round, 902 had complete plumbing facilities and only 142 received
water from a public system or a private company.
The size of a dwelling, both in terms of median number of bedrooms
and bathrooms does not vary with the lot size. The same holds true
for median number of adult and child occupants.
Other parameters in the table, namely, average age of adult occupants,
average age of dwelling, average value of property and household income
vary with the lot size. Dwellings on lot sizes of between one and
nine acres are significantly* younger and more expensive than those
on other lot sizes. Correspondingly, average household income is
significantly higher for dwellings on lot sizes of between one and
nine acres than on any other lot size. Also, on average the occupants
on these dwellings are significantly younger than occupants of dwellings
in any other category.
^Throughout the abstract, the word "significantly" is used in the
statistical sense. A statistical test (described in Appendix B)
is used to test the significance of the difference between means
at the 5Z level of significance.
16
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TABLE 5
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERF.D SINGLE FAMILY DEWLLINGS CLASSIFICATION
BY LOT SIZES (SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Less than
one acre
LOT SIZES
1 to 9 acres
10 or More
acres
Total Number of dwellings* 91,164
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round 76,118
vacant year round 8,206
with seasonal occupany 6,840
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing 85,802
Incomplete plumbing 5,362
Number of dwellings with water
supply from*
public or private company 52,012
other source 39,152
61,551
56,741
3,127
1,683
58,092
3,459
17,987
43,564
44,870
40,102
3,563
1,205
40,262
4,608
6,520
38,350
Number of bedrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
2.70
3.00
0.88
1.30
1.00
0.47
1.73
2.00
1.05
2.88
3.00
0.89
1.36
1.00
0.49
1.97
2.00
0.93
2.91
3. no
0.98
1.20
1.00
0.47
1.89
2.00
1.00
(continued)
17
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TABLE 5 (continued)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean
median
standard deviation
Value of property
(in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Household Income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Less than
one acre
0.79
0.00
1.18
24.30
14.25
18.98
$48,979.70
$42,500.00
$33,109.00
$20,004.90
$18,475.00
$13,262.00
LOT SIZES
I to 9 acres
0.98
0.00
1.26
23.62
14.25
20.30
$59,411.60
$47,500.00
$45,918.80
$20,821.90
$19,220.00
$13,955.90
10 or More
acres
0.77
0.00
1.25
37.24
34.25
22.52
$46,422.80
$37,500.00
$40,781.80
$17,260.10
$14,660.00
$13,487.50
*Numbers are in hundreds.
18
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE WHEN CLASSIFIED BY RURAL/URBAN LOCATION
1980 CENSUS
Fifty nine percent of all unsevered single family dwellings on
lot size of less than one acre were located fn rural acres.
Of these rural unsevered dwellings, 762 were occupied year round,
922 had complete plumbing facilities and 42% received the water supply
from a public system or a private company.
Of the urban un9ewered dwellings 942 were occupied year round,
972 had complete plumbing facilities and 782 received the water .supply
from a public system or a private company.
The median number of bedrooms in both rural and urban dwellings
was three. Rut the median number of bathrooms in urban dwellings
was 1.5 and in rural dwellings was 1.0. The median number of adult
and child occupants in both the rural and urban dwellings was the
same.
The average household income and the average property value of
urban dwellings was significantly higher than for rural dwellings.
19
-------
TABLE 6
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE RURAL/URBAN CLASSIFICATION
(SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
CHARACTERISTICS OF DWELLINGS
RURAL
URBAN
Total Number of dwellings*
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round
vacant year round
with seasonal occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing
incomplete plumbing
Number of dwellings with
water supply from*
public or private company
other source
Number of bedrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
53,927
61,286
6,361
6,280
49,469
4,458
22,815
31,112
2.61
3.00
0.89
1.22
1.00
0.46
1.56
2.00
1.08
45.30
40.67
16.53
37,237
34,832
1,845
560
36,333
904
29,197
8,040
2.84
3.00
0.85
1.40
1.50
0.46
1.99
2.00
0.94
45.16
41.00
15.40
20
(continued)
-------
TABLE 6 (continued)
CHARACTERISTICS OF DUELLINGS RURAL URBAN
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean
median
standard deviation
Value of property (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Household income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
0.73
0.00
1.17
24.86
14.25
20.37
S43.130.70
837,500.00
$29,594.30
SIR, 211. 30
516,715.00
$12,271.40
0.87
0.00
1.20
23.48
24.25
16.74
S55.658.20
847,500.00
$35,555.70
$22,130.80
$20,705.00
$14,054.70
*Numbers are in hundreds.
21
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERER SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESSTHAN ONE ACRE WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
1980 CENSUS
The public water system or a private water company served 57%
of the unsewered single family dwellings on lot size of less than
one acre. The remaining dwellings were served by wells, creeks, springs
or some other source.
Of dwellings served by public water system or a private company,
90% were occupied year round and 97% had complete plumbing facilities.
Of dwellings served by other sources of water supply, 75% were
occupied year round and 90% had complete plumbing facilities.
The average value of property and the average household income
was significantly larger in dwellings that received water supply from
a public system or a private company than that in the other category.
22
-------
TABLE 7
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE CLASSIFICATION BY THE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
(SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DWELLINGS
PUBLIC SYSTEM OR
PRIVATE COMPANY
ALL OTHER SOURCES
Total number of dwellings*
Number of duellings*
occupied year round
vacant year round
with seasonal occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing
incomplete plumbing
Number of bedrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
52,012
46,639
3,633
1,740
50,356
1,656
2.79
3.00
0.85
1.37
1.00
0.47
1.88
2.00
0.98
45.32
41.00
15.86
39,152
29,479
4,573
5,100
35,446
3,706
2.59
3.00
0.91
1.20
1.00
0.46
1.54
2.00
1.10
45.09
40.50
16.26
(continued)
23
-------
TABLE 7 (continued)
CHARACTERISTICS OP PUBLIC SYSTEM OR ALL OTHER SOURCES
DWELLINGS PRIVATE COMPANY
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean
median
standard deviation
Value of property (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Household income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
0.84
0.00
1.20
23.74
14.25
18.53
$51,263.10
$47,500.00
$34,fl63.80
$20,722.20
$19,205.00
$13,540.30
0.71
0.00
1.15
25.03
24.25
19.54
$45,255.70
$42,500.00
$29,653.50
$18,870.00
$17,315.00
$12,727.40
*Numbers are in hundreds.
24
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE NUMBER OF BEDROOMS
1980 CENSUS
A classification of single family dwellings was made by the number
of bedrooms 782 of dwellings had two or three bedrooms, 152 had four
or more bedrooms and only 72 of dwellings had no more than one bedroom.
Of dwellings with no more than one bedroom, 582 were occupied
year round, 712 had complete plumbing facilities and 422 received
water supply from a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings with two or three bedrooms, 852 were occupied year
round, 962 had complete plumbing facilities and 57% received water
supply from a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings with four or more bedrooms 90Z had year round occupancy,
982 had complete plumbing facilities and 632 received water supply
from a public system or a private company.
The median number of adult occupants in dwellings with no more
than one bedroom was one as compared to two In dwellings with larger
number of bedrooms. The median number of children in dwellings with
four or more bedrooms was one as compared to zero in dwellings of
smaller sizes.
The smallest size dwellings were found to be significantly older
than dwellings of other sizes. No significant difference in the age
of the other two categories of dwellings was observed.
The average age of adult occupants was significantly smaller
in larger dwellings than that in smaller dwellings.
The average property value and the average household income was
significantly larger for larger dwellings.
25
-------
TABLE 8
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT
SIZE OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE CLASSIFICATION BY THE NUMBER OF BEDROOMS
(SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
Charatercistics of Dwellings
One or less
Bedrooms
2 Co 3
Bedrooms
4 or more
Bedrooms
Total number of dwellings* 6,870
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round 3,959
vacant year round 1,277
with seasonal .occupancy 1,634
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing 4,851
incomplete plumbing 2,019
Number of dwellings with
water supply from*
public or private company 2,919
other source 3,951
70,819
60,002
6,141
4,676
67,737
3,082
40,547
30,272
13,475
12,157
788
530
13,214
261
8,546
4,929
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
0.88
1.00
0.32
0.90
1.00
0.91
49.72
52.00
20.31
1.28
1.00
0.44
1.72
2.00
0.98
45.56
41.33
16.27
1.62
2.00
0.46
2.20
2.00
1.17
42.17
38.67
12.23
(continued)
26
-------
TABLE « (continued)
Characercistics of Dwellings
One or less
Bedrooms
2 to 3
Bedrooms
4 or more
Bedrooms
Number of children
mean 0.19 0.72 1.45
median 0.00 0.00 1.00
standard deviation 0.69 I.10 1.50
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean 30.66 23.73 24.04
median 24.25 14.25 14.25
standard deviation 19.86 18.58 19.97
Value of property
(in dollars)
mean $27,871.70 S45,601.90 369,139.20
median $21,250.00 $42,500.00 S62.500.00
standard deviation $25,823.10 $28,645.50 $43,741.00
Household Income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
$10,850.40
$ 8, 005. 00
$ 9,517.60
$19,275.50
$18,005.00
$12,409.10
$26,586.20
$25,695.00
$15,444.40
*Numbers are in hundreds.
27
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE ACE OF DWELLINGS
1980 CENSUS-
On the basis of age unsewered dwellings were classified Into
these groups. 277. dwellings were less than 10 years old, 44* were
between 10 and 30 years old and 29* were more than 30 years old.
Of dwellings chat were less than 10 years old, 82* were occupied
year round, 97* had complete plumbing facilities and 57* received
water supply from a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings which were 10-30 years old, 86* were occupied year
round, 96* had complete plumbing facilities and 69* received water
supply from a public system or a private company.
Of the 30 years old or older dwellings, 81* were occupied year
round, 89* had complete plumbing facilities and 60* received water
supply from a public system or a private company.
The median number of bedrooms was three for dwellings younger
Chan thirty years of age and two for older ones.
The average age of adult occupants was significantly higher,
in older dwellings than in younger ones.
The average property value and the average household income were
significantly higher in younger dwellings compared to the older ones.
28
-------
TABLE 9
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE CLASSIFICATION BY THE AGE OF DWELLINGS
(SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DWELLINGS
DWELLING-AGE
<10 YEARS
DWELLING-AGE
10-30 YEARS
DWELLING-AGE
>30 YEARS
Total number of-dwellings* 24,581
40,109
26,474
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round
vacant year round
with seasonal occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing
incomplete plumbing
Number of dwellings with
water supply from*
public or private
company
other sources
Number of bedrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
20,155
2,554
1,872
23,886
695
13,987
10,594
2.87
3.00
0.80
1.53
1.50
0.48
1.70
2.00
0.99
34,401
2,767
2,941
38,436
1,673
23,731
16,378
2.72
3.00
0.85
1.30
1.00
0.45
1.83
2.00
1.07
21,562
2,885
2,027
23,480
2,994
14,294
12,180
2.54
2.00
0.96
1.07
1.00
0.38
1.61
2. 00
1.07
(continued)
29
-------
TABLE 9 (continued)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DWELLINGS
DWELLING-AGE
<10 YEARS
DWELLING-AGE
10-30 YEARS
DWELLING-AGE
>30 YEARS
Age of adult occupants
mean 39.63 45.67
median 35.50 42.00
standard deviation 13.44 15.21
Number of children
mean 1.00 0.77
median 0.00 0.00
standard deviation 1.23 1.17
Value of property
(in dollars)
mean $59,250.80 $50,207.00
median $52,500.00 $42,500.00
standard deviation $34,638.90 $31,672.90
49.78
48.50
17.82
0.60
0.00
1.12
$34,973.40
$28,750.00
$28,730.00
Household income
(in dollars)
mean
median
standar deviation
$22,348.00
$21,110.00
$12,901.10
$21,282.50
$19,820.00
$13,707.60
$15,776.20
$13,380.00
$11,829.50
*Numbers are in hundreds.
30
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THAN ONE ACRE WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE VALUE OF PROPERTY
1980 CENSUS
On the basis of property value, unsevered single family dwellings
were classified into three groups: (a) dwellings with property value
<$23,000, (b) dwellings with property value between $25,000 and $50,000,
and (c) dwellings with property value of >S50,000. 21Z of unsewered
dwellings were in category (a), 39Z in category (b), and 40Z in category
(c).
Of dwellings in category (a), 91Z had complete plumbing facilities
and 55% received water supply from a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings in categories (b) and (c), 99Z had complete plumbing
facilities. Public water system or a private company supplied water
to 622 and 65Z of dwellings in categories (b) and (c) respectively.
In each category 98Z of dwellings were occupied year round.
The median number of bedrooms was two in category (a) and three
in the other two categories. The median number of bathrooms was two
in category (c) as compared to one in the other two categories.
The median number of adult occupants was two in each category
but the median number of child occupants was one in category (c) compared
to zero in the other two categories.
The average age of adult occupants and the average age of dwellings
were significantly smaller in more expensive dwellings. And, in more
expensive dwellings, the average household income was significantly
larger.
31
-------
TABLE 10
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS ON LOT SIZE
OF LESS THEN ONE ACRE CLASSIFICATION BY THE VALUE OF PROPERTY*
(SOURCE: 1980 CENSUS)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DWELLINGS
PROPERTY VALUE PROPERTY VALUE PROPERTY VALUE
< $25,000 S25.000-S50.000 > $50,000
Total number of dwellings*
13,231
24,922
25,324
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round
vacant year round
with seasonal occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing
incomplete plumbing
Number of dwellings with
water supply from*
public or private company
other source
Number of bedrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
12,926
305
0
12,014
1,217
7,285
5,946
2.44
2.00
0.83
1.03
1.00
0.30
1.94
2.00
0.88
24,533
389
0
24,780
142
15,471
9,451
2.79
3.00
0.71
1.27
1.00
0.40
2.06
2.00
0.81
24,781
543
0
25,260
64
16,594
8,730
3.15
3.00
0.75
1.67
2.00
0.41
2.13
2.00
0.79
(continued)
32
-------
TABLE 10 (continued)
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPERTY VALUE PROPERTY VALUE PROPERTY VALUE
DWELLINGS < $25,000 $25,000-$50,000 > 850,000
Age of adult occupants
mean 51.46 45.39 43.72
median 51.50 41.00 39.50
standard deviation 17.44 15.95 13.63
Number of children
mean 0.73 0.90 1.02
median 0.00 0.00 1.00
standard deviation 1.24 1.18 1.21
Age of dwelling (in fears)
mean 33.49 23.39 16.64
median 24.25 14.25 14.25
standard deviation 20.18 17.82 14.86
Household income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
S12.84S.OO
$10,715.00
$ 9,543.40
$19,555.20
$18,815.00
$11,025.20
S26.874.80
$26,010.00
$14,396.10
*Numbers are in hundreds.
"Property value is not reported for vacant units except vacant for sale,
renter occupied units or with a commercial establishment or medical
office on property. Hence the number of dwellings for which property
value is available Is less than the number of unsevered dwellings.
33
-------
SECTION III
-------
TABLE 11
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES BY TYPE OF SEWAGE IN EACH STATE*
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
STATE /STATE ALL HOUSING UNITS UNSEWERED HOUSING
GROUP STRUCTURES** UNITS
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
12,003
1,129
6,264
7,213
75,735
8,390
10,650
1,975
3,181
26,949
16,077
2,546
2,629
39,828
18,658
TOTAL
11,203
909
5,842
6,758
69,945
7,567
9,802
1,808
2,790
25,265
14,702
2,168
2,449
37,010
17,298
SEWERED
5,684
562
4,450
3,562
60,852
6,118
6,029
1,329
2,774
15,407
8,576
1,600
1,379
30,758
10,668
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
5,519
347
1,392
3,196
9,093
1,449
3,773
479
16
9,858
6,126
568
1,070
6,252
6,630
3,917
164
1,204
2,241
8,691
1,227
3,709
426
4
9,430
4,710
530
987
5,606
6,001
1,602
183
188
955
402
222
64
53
12
428
1,416
38
83
646
629
(continued)
34
-------
TABLE 11 (continued)
STATE/STATE ALL HOUSING UNITS UNSEWERED HOUSING
GROUP STRUCTURES** UNITS
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
TOTAL SEWERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
10,553
8,751
11,644
12,496
4,353
13,532
20,950
31,534
13,887
7,571
18,119
2,669
5,676
1.S24
3,111
25,340
3,494
9,641
7,893
10,643
11,505
3,972
12,488
18,890
29,538
12,758
6,997
16,738
2,467
5,150
1,728
2,806
23,875
3,257
6,677
5,970
5,383
7,857
1,752
9,5fl2
13,428
19,598
8,697
3,360
11,759
1,516
3,868
1,476
1,378
19,481
2.325
2,964
1,923
5,260
3,648
2,220
2,906
5,462
9,940
4,061
3,637
4,979
951
1,282
252
1,428
4,394
932
2,588
1,612
3,194
2,837
1,746
2,530
5,371
9,169
3,378
2,122
3,650
810
1,047
229
1,321
4,281
678
376
311
2,066
811
474
376
91
771
683
1,515
1,329
141
235
23
107
113
254
(continued)
35
-------
TABLE 11 (continued)
STATE/STATE ALL
GROUP STRUCTURES
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
67,520
18,295
2,318
37,100
10,316
8,003
42,245
3,678
9,194
2,533
13,993
41,370
3,441
1.S54
16,877
13,374
HOUSING UNITS UNSEWERED HOUSING
UNITS
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
TOTAL SEVERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
62,973
16,410
2,043
34,651
9,400
7,447
39,244
3,163
8,150
2,252
13,003
38,289
3,158
1,653
14,930
12,203
48,456
7,453
1,276
25,740
6,899
4,543
28,011
1,989
3,661
1,422
6,720
29,998
2,595
717
9,075
7,847
14,517
8,957
767
8,911
2,501
2,904
11,233
1,174
4,489
830
6,283
8,291
563
936
5,855
4,356
13,924
6., 974
567
7,816
1,999
2,758
10,125
1,149
3,402
627
4,617
6,617
497
809
4,104
4,150
593
1,983
200
1,095
502
146
1,108
25
1,087
203
1,666
1,674
66
127
1,751
206
(continued)
36
-------
TABLE 11 (continued)
STATE/STATE ALL
GROUP STRUCTURES'
HOUSING UNITS
TOTAL
SEVERED
UNSEWERED HOUSING
UNITS
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
6,361
16,058
1,250
5,971
14,718
1.162
3,041
9,986
871
2,930
4,732
291
1,881
4,092
253
1,049
640
38
^Numbers are in hundreds.
**The numbers indicated under all structures include group quarters. All
group quarters are severed.
37
-------
TABLE 12
CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY TYPE OF SEWAGE IN EACH STATE*
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
TOTAL
33,719
2,768
17,243
18,796
193,451
21,263
29,405
5,326
7,141
66,086
44,567
7,305
6,945
107,986
50,502
POPULATION UNSEWERED POPULATION SERVED
BY BY
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
SEWERED UNSEWESED CESS POOL MEANS
16,497
1,703
13,156
9,548
168,395
17,574
17,135
4,011
7,075
37,748
25,032
5,312
3,827
88,927
30,146
17,222
1,065
4,087
9,248
25,056
3,689
12,270
1,315
66
28,338
19,535
1,993
3,118
19,059
20,356
12,009
606
3,426
6,555
24,436
3,413
12,140
1,148
15
27,035
14,767
1,389
3,020
17,794
18,985
5,213
459
661
2,693
620
276
130
167
51
1,303
4,768
104
98
1,265
1,371
(continued)
38
-------
TABLE 12 (concinued)
STATE
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
TOTAL
21,550
31,205
35,360
9,519
38,043
54,655
86,721
36,925
21,622
45,370
6,728
14,343
4,790
7,095
70,198
9,916
177,567
48,809
POPULATION (JNSEWERED POPULATION SERVED
BY BY
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
SEVERED UNSEVERED CESS POOL MEANS
16,140
15,015
23,563
4,754
28,817
37,944
58,754
25,379
9,800
32,023
4,073
10,631
4,111
3,797
56,709
7,019
132,895
21.128
5,410
16,190
11,797
4,765
9,226
16,711
27,967
11,546
11,822
13,347
2,655
3,712
679
3,298
13,489
2,897
44,672
27,681
4,846
10,050
9,254
4,229
8,067
16,550
27,158
10,758
6, 597
10,476
2,477
3,219
631
3,170
13,217
2,189
43,658
21,240
564
6,140
2,543
536
1,159
161
809
788
5,225
2,871
178
493
48
128
272
708
1,014
6,441
39
(continued)
-------
TABLE 12 (continued)
STATE
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
5,913
103,993
24,625
20,320
114.H07
8,948
24,795
6,406
38,262
108,620
10,330
4,284
44,479
32,899
17,053
42,733
3,226
POPULATION UNSEWERED POPULATION SERVED
BY BY
SEPTIC TANK/ OTHER
SEWERED UNSEWERED CESS POOL MEANS
3,650
74,884
17,737
11,733
80,533
5,378
10,421
3,958
19,072
86,550
8,575
2,0:i
26, 1""
20,1 "I
8,IM
29,386
2,400
2,263
29,109
6,868
8,587
34,274
3,570
14,374
2,448
19,190
22,070
1,755
2,263
18,090
12,718
8,902
13,347
826
1.97
26,341
5,696
8,430
31,971
3,534
10,541
2,058
14,350
17,890
1,661
2,072
12,795
12,539
5,882
12,573
775
288
2,768
1,192
157
2,303
36
3,833
390
4,840
4,180
94
191
5,295
179
3,020
774
51
*Nuabers are in hundreds.
40
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
1970 CENSUS
According Co Che 1970 census, Che number of unsevered single
family dwellings was approximately 18 million. Of these dwellings
87% were occupied year round, 80* had complete plumbing facilities
and 37Z received water supply from a public system or a private company.
The median number of rooms and bathrooms was respectively five
and one. The median number of adult and child occupants was respectively
two and zero.
The average age of adult occupant was 46.4 years and the average
age of property was 27.8 years. The average value of property was
318,543 and the average family income was $9,299 per annum.
-------
TABLE 13
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
CHARACTERISTICS OF DWELLINGS
Total number of dwellings* 181,242
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round 157,296
vacant or with seasonal
occupancy 23,946
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing 145,502
incomplete plumbing 35,740
Number od dwellings with water
supply from*
public or private company 67,419
other source 113,823
Number of rooms
mean 5.44
median 5.00
standard deviation 1.60
Number of bathrooms
mean 1.13
median l.QO
standard deviation 0.53
Number of adult occupants
mean 1.85
median 2.00
standard deviation 1.01
Age of adult occupants
mean 46.41
median 43.66
standard deviation 15.41
42 (continued)
-------
TABLE 13 (continued)
CHARACTERISTICS OF DWELLINGS
Number of children
mean 1.17
median 0.00
standard deviation 1.64
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean 27.76
median 25.00
standard deviation 18.78
Value of property (in dollars)
mean $18,543.20
median 816,250.00
standard deviation $12,915.60
Family income (in dollars)
mean $9,299.40
median $8,050.00
standard deviation $7,856.04
*Numbers are in hundreds
43
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MAIN FEATURES OF1 SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
1970 CENSUS
Thirty-seven percent of dwellings received water supply from
a public system or a private company. Of these 90Z were occupied
year round and 89Z had complete plumbing facilities.
Of dwellings for which the source of water supply was other than
Che public water system or a private company, 851 were occupied year
round and 75!! had complete plumbing facilities.
The occupants of dwellings that received water supply from a
public system or a private company were significantly younger than
the occupants of other dwellings.
The average value of property and the average household Income
was significantly larger in dwellings that received water supply from
a public system or a private company than that in the other category.
-------
TABLE 14
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
CLASSIFICATION BY THE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DWELLINGS
PUBLIC SYSTEM OR
PRIVATE COMPANY
ALL OTHER
SOURCES
Total number of dwellings*
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round
vacant or with seasonal
occupancy
Number of dwellings wich*
complete plumbing
incomplete plumbing
67,419
60,745
6,674
60,372
7,047
113,823
96,351
17,272
85,130
28,693
Number of rooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
5.54
5.00
1.56
1.27
1.00
0.57
1.91
2.00
0.94
45.71
42.67
15.18
5.39
5.00
1.63
1.05
1.00
0.49
1.81
2.00
1.04
46.85
44.50
15.53
(continued)
45
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TABLE 14 (continued)
CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC SYSTEM OR ALL OTHER
DWELLINGS PRIVATE COMPANY SOURCES
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean
median
standard deviation
Value of property (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Family income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
1.20
0.00
1.58
23.89
15.00
17.77
$20,239.70
$18,750.00
$13,222.30
$10,619.50
$ 9,250.00
$ 8,512.61
1.15
0.00
1.68
30.05
25.00
18.99
$16,771.80
$12.341.00
$12,332.60
$8,468.80
$7,150.00
$7,291.79
*Numbers are in hundreds.
-------
MAIN FEATUES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE NUMBER OF ROOMS
1970 CENSUS
Unsewered dwellings were classified inCo the following these
groups ~ (a) dwellings with less than three rooms, fb) dwellings
with between three and six rooms, (c) dwellings with more than six
rooms. Category (b) was most popular with 74Z of dwellings belonging
Co this group. 23Z of dwellings belonged to category (c) and only
3Z to category (a).
Of dwellings in category (a), 52Z were occupied year round, 26Z
had complete plumbing facilities and 28Z received water supply from
a public system or a private company!
Of dwellings in category (b), 865! were occupied year round, 79Z
had complete plumbing facilities and only 372 received water supply
from a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings in category (c), 94Z were occupied year round, 93Z
had complete plumbing facilities and 39Z received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
The small dwelling units were occupied by significantly older
occupants.
The dwellings in category (c) were significantly older than the
other units. In the other two categories, ao significant difference
In the average age of dwelling was observed.
The average property value and the average family income was
significantly larger for larger dwellings.
-------
TABLE 15
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
CLASSIFICATION BY THE NUMBER OF ROOMS
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Less than
3 Rooms
3 to 6
Rooms
More than
6 Rooms
Total number of dwellings* 5,476
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round 2,855
vacant or with seasonal 2,621
occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing 1,445
incomplete plumbing 4,031
Number of dwellings with
water supply from*
public or private company 1,533
other source 3,943
134,076
115,487
18,589
105,386
28,690
49,700
84,376
41,690
39,188
2,502
38,671
3,019
16,186
25,504
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
0.66
0.50
0.29
0.75
0.00
0.94
51.59
53.75
18.72
1.04
1.00
0.42
1.80
2.00
0.99
46.84
44.50
15.82
1.51
1.00
0.67
2.14
2.00
0.94
44.82
41.50
13.66
(continued)
48
-------
TABLE IS (continued)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Age of dwelling (in years)
mean
median
standard deviation
Value of property (in
dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Family income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Less than
3 Rooms
0.35
0.00
1.27
26.43
25.00
18.31
$7,292.20
$3,500.00
$6,885.50
$3,782.30
$2,250.00
$4,317.40
3 to 6
Rooms
1.05
0.00
1.56
27.17
25.00
18.39
$15,391.70
$13,750.00
$ 9,902.50
$8,133.30
$7,250.00
$6,333.40
More than
6 Rooms
1.66
1.00
1.82
29.84
25.00
19.91
328,169.70
$30,000.00
$15,663.10
$13,104.80
$11,050.00
$10,380.10
*Numbers are in hundreds.
49
-------
MAIN FEATURES OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE AGE OF DWELLINGS
1970 CENSUS
On che basis of their age, unsewered dwellings were classified
Into the following three groups (a) less than ten years of age,
(b) between ten and thirty years of age, and (c) more than thirty
years of age. Only 252 of dwellings belonged to category (a). The
remaining dwellings were more or less equally divided between categories
(b) and (c) with 36Z belonging to the farmer and 392 belonging to
the latter.
Of dwellings in category (a), 852 were occupied year round, 88Z
had complete plumbing facilities and 43Z received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings in category (b), 872 were occupied year round, 832
had complete plumbing facilities and 43% received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings in category (c), 872 were occupied year round, 732
had complete plumbing facilities and 282 received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
The median number of bathrooms was the sane regardless of the
age of a dwelling, but the median number of rooms was six in houses
more than thirty year of age as compared to the median number of rooms
of five in the other two categories.
The average age of adult occupants was significantly higher in
older dwellings than in younger ones.
The average property value and the average family income were
significantly higher in younger dwellings as compared to the older
ones.
50
-------
TABLE 16
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
CLASSIFICATION BY THE AGE OF DUELLING
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Dwelling Age
<10 Years
Dwelling Age
10-30 years
Dwelling Age
Total number of dwellings* 44,559
Number of dwellings*
occupied year round 38,034
vacant or with seasonal 6,525
occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing 39,211
incomplete plumbing 5,348
Number of dwellings with water
supply from*
public or private company 19,302
other source 25,257
65,780
57,535
8.245
54,701
11,079
28,580
37,200
70,903
61,727
9,176
51,590
19,313
19,537
51,366
Number of rooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
5.57
5.00
1.61
1.40
1.00
0.62
1.82
2.00
0.95
5.19
5.00
1.46
1.13
1.00
0.49
1.87
2.00
1.00
5.60
6.00
1.69
0.97
1.00
0.43
1.84
2.00
1.04
(continued)
51
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TABLE 16 (continued)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Value of property
(in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Family Income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
Dwelling Age
<10 Years
41.06
38.00
13.05
1.41
1.00
1.61
$23,532.10
$22,500.00
$13,443.80
$11,473.00
$10,150.00
$ 8,320.76
Dwelling Age
10-30 years
45.90
43.67
14.68
1.14
0.00
1.46
$18,330.00
$16,250.00
$12,159.60
$9,752.30
$8,450.00
$7,954.36
Dwelling Age
>30 years
50.18
49.50
16.33
1.05
0.00
1.69
$12,988.50
$11,250.00
$10, 115.30
$7,538.00
$6,050.00
$7,030.90
*Numbers are in hundreds.
52
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MAIN FEATURES OF SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
WHEN CLASSIFIED BY THE VALUE OF PROPERTY
1970 CENSUS
On che basis of property value, unsewered dwellings were classified
into the following three groups (a) with property value less than
$25,000, (b) with property value between $25,000 and $50,000, and
Cc) with property value greater than $50,000. 41* of dwellings were
in group (a), 10Z in group (b) and 49Z in group (c).
Of dwellings in group (a), 992 were occupied year round, 90Z
had complete plumbing facilities and 48Z received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings in group (b), 99Z were occupied year round, 99Z
had complete plumbing facilities and 60% received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
Of dwellings in group (c), 75* were occupied year round, 692
had complete plumbing facilities and 232 received water supply from
a public system or a private company.
The median number of rooms and bathrooms were greater in category
(b) than in the other two categories.
The median number of adult occupants was the same in all the
three categories. The median number of child occupants were one in
categories (a) and (b) and zero is category (c).
In category (c), the average age of dwelling was significantly
greater than in the other two categories and the average family income
was significantly smaller.
53
-------
TABLE 17
CHARACTERISTICS OF ITNSEWERED SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
CLASSIFICATION BY THE VALUE OF PROPERTY
(SOURCE: 1970 CENSUS)
Characteristics of
Dwellings
Property Value Property Value Property Value
S50,000
Total number of dwellings*
Number of dwellings*
73,497
18,000
89,745
occupied year round
vacant or with seasonal
occupancy
Number of dwellings with*
complete plumbing
incomplete plumbing
Number of dwellings with water
supply from*
public or private company
other source
Number of rooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of bathrooms
mean
median
standard deviation
Number of adult occupants
mean
median
standard deviation
72,458
1,039
65,825
7,672
35,643
37,854
5.36
5.00
1.28
1.11
1.00
0.40
2.08
2.00
0.77
17,809
191
17,904
96
10,770
7,230
6.68
7.00
1.30
1.76
2.00
0.57
2.19
2.00
0.71
67,029
22,716
61,773
27,972
21,006
68,739
5.27
5.00
1.77
1.03
1.00
0.53
1.58
2.00
1.15
(continued)
54
-------
TABLE 17 (continued)
Characteristics of
Duellings
Property Value Property Value Property Value
<$25,000 $25,000-550,000 >$50,000
Age of adult occupants
mean
median
starvUril ileviation
Number of children
mean
median
standard deviation
Ape of dwelling (in years)
mean
median
standard deviation
Family income (in dollars)
mean
median
standard deviation
47.01
44.00
15.47
1.26
1.00
1.62
24.99
15.00
17.91
$8,626.60
$8,150.00
$5,833.53
43.71
41.00
12.37
1.53
1.00
1.56
14.82
8.00
13.97
$15,511.40
$14,150.00
$ 9,017.01
46.48
44.33
15.08
1.03
0.00
1.66
32.62
50.00
18.63
$8,376.10
$6,350.00
$8,651.60
^Numbers are in hundreds.
55
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APPENDIX A
A METHODOLOGY TO EXTRAPOLATE INCOME
Aggregates, means and per capita figues are frequently required for
income. Unfortunately, no single vlaue is considered adequate for
use as the mean of the "$75,000 ore more" intervals, since that can
be expected to vary considerably from population to population. The
"pareto method" is however, available for making a reasonable approximation
for the mean of the open-ended income interval, using the following
formula:
Where V » -
b-a
X The estimated mean in the open-end interval.
X Lower limit of open-end interval (e.g., $75,000)
a - Logarithm of lower limit of interval preceding open-end (e.g.,
the logarithm of $50,000).
b - Logarithm of lower limit of open-end Interval (e.g., the logarithm
of $75,000).
c - Logarithm of the sum of the frequencies in the open-end interval
and the one preceding it (e.g., the number of cases with income
$50,000+).
d - Logarithm of the frequency In the open-end Interval (e.g., the
number of cases with income $75,0004-).
This method of estimating the mean for the upper ranges of an income
distribution is based largely on the empirical observations of Vllfredo
Pareto in the late 1800s. While studying income tax data for various
56
-------
European countries, he found thac the upper ranges of the Income distribu-
tion could be described by a curve of the general type, Y AX~V, where
X is the income size and Y is the number of persons having that income
or larger. The logarithmic form of the curve (Log Y - Log A - V Log X)
is a straight line. That is if the logarithms of the income sizes
are charted on a horizontal scale and the logarithms of the number
of persons having an income of a particular size or larger are charted
on a vertical scale, the resulting points will fall on a straight
line.
Where the shape of the curve suggests that the pareto curve does not
apply, espeically where the frequency of the open-end interval equals
or exceeds those in the adjacent interval, it may be preferable to
use an intuitively reasonable estimate of the mean or an estimate
derived from a similar or larger population, rather than to use an
unreasonable Pareto estimate.
Tor the open-ended interval of $75,000 or more on income items on
1980 census public-use mlcrodata samples, the user should probably
assume that the mean of that interval is between $90,000 and $150,000
for most populations, and should reject a Pareto estimate outside
of this range.
57
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APPENDIX B
SIGNIFICANCE TEST FOR DIFFERENCES OF MEANS
In order to test the significance of the difference of two sample
means a t-test is used. This test assumes that KI, X2 .... Xn
and YI, ?2 *m denote, respectively, independent random samples
from the two independent distributors having, respectively, the probability
density functions n(ult Q-2 ) an O"2 ). If X, Y, Si, and 82
denote respectively the two samples means and standard deviations, then
(X-Y) - (Ul - u,)
t ^^i
U/n + 1/m)
where the random variable t has a t distribution with a + m -2 degrees
of freedom. This distribution converges to a normal distribution
for n, m > 30. Since in our analysis, sample size was always greater
than 30, the random variable was assumed to be normally distributed.
All tests were made at the 5Z level of significance.
58
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GLOSSARY
ADULT OCCUPANT: Any person 18 years or more of age from birch to.
April 1, of the relevant census year.
AGE: Age at last birthday, i.e., number of completed years from birth
co April 1, of Che relevant census year. This item was asked on a
complete count basis.
BATHROOMS. The presence of bathroom facilities, ascertained for all
occupied and vacant housing units. This question was asked on a sample
basis.
Complete bathroom. A room vlch a flush toilet, bathtub or shower,
and vash basin with piped hoc and cold water for the excluse use of
'the occupants of the housing unit. The equipment must be Inside the
unit being enumerated.
No bathroom or only a half bathroom. A unit wlch no bathroom facilities,
only a half bathroom, or bathroom facilicies which are also for the
use of Che occupants of other housing units. A half bathroom has
at lease a flush toilet or a bathtub or shower for exclusive use but
not all Che facilicies for a complete bathroom.
BEDROOMS. The number of bedrooms, ascertained for occupied and vacant
unics. Bedrooms are rooms used mainly for sleeping, even if also
used for other purposes. Rooms reserved for sleeping such as guest
rooms, even though used infrequently, are counted as bedrooms. On
the other hand, rooms used mainly for other purposes, even chough
used also for sleeping, such as a living room wlch a -sofa bed, are
not considered bedrooms. A housing unlc consisting of only one room,
such as a one-room efficiency apartment, is classified, by definition,
as having no bedroom. This iCem was asked on a sample basis.
CHILD. Any person less Chan 18 years of age from birch Co April 1,
of che relevant census year.
DWELLINGS. This category of single family detached housing unit excludes
group quarters, businesses mobile homes, trailers, boacs, Cents, vans,
ecc. The unics under Chls category can be occupied or vacant.
DWELLINGS, AGE OP: The age of dwelling* is computed from Che year
che structure was built until March 1980 for 1980 census data and
uncil che end of 1970 for 1970 census data. The year Che scructurea
were built is che year che original conscruction of che building was
completed.
59
-------
FAMILY INCOME. Total income by several Income Intervals and median
income of (primary) families, primary individuals, and household heads,
are shown in some housing census tabulations. For the open interval,
income greater than $50,000 income is taken to be $60,000. Family
income is shown for only 1970 census.
GROUP QUARTERS: Group quarters are living arrangements, such as nursing
homes or rooming houses, which are not housing units.
HOUSEHOLD: .The person or persons occupying a housing unit.
HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1979: Total money income received in calendar
year 1979 by all household members 15 years old and over, tabulated
for all households. .Household income differs from family income by
including income received by (a) all household members 15 years old
or over, not just those related to the householder, and by (b) persons
living alone and in other nonfamily households. In income tables
for households, the lovest income group (e.g. less than $2,500) includes
households that were classified as having no 1979 Income as defined
in the census. Many of these were living on income "in kind," savings,
or gifts; were newly created households; or were households in which
the sole breadwinner had recently died or left the household. 'However,
many of the housholds who reported no income probably had some money
income which was not recorded in the census. Household income is
reported on public-use microdata in $10 intervals up to $75,000 or
down to a net loss of $9,990 or more.
Median and mean household Income figures are based on all households,
unlike mean or median income figures for persons 15 years old and
over, which exclude persons with no income.
Average household income is computed only for year round occupied
dwelling. Pareto approximation we used to estimate the average Income
in the open interval, income greater than $75,000. (For details see
Appendix A).
In 1970 census, the data on household income was not collected for
all households. The availability is limited to the sixth count summary
tape. Hence the household income is not reported in the statistical
abstract for 1970 census. The total income of family of primary individual
is reported instead.
HOUSING UNIT. A house, apartment, mobile home or trailer, group of
rooms, or single room occupied as a separate living quarter or, if
vacant, intended for occupancy as a separate living quarter. Separate
living quarters are those In which the occupants live and eat separately
from any other persons in the building which have direct access from
the outside of the building or through a common hall.
60
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The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, tvo
or more families living together, or any other group of related or
unrelated persons who share living arrangements. For vacant units,
the criteria of separateness and direct access are applied to the
intended occupants whenever possible. If that information cannot
be obtained, the criteria are applied to the previous occupants.
Doth occupied and vacant housing- units are included in the housing
unit inventory, except that recreational vehicles, boats, caves, tents,
railroad cars, and the like are included only if they are occupied
as someone's usual place of residence. Vacant mobile homes are included
provided they are intended for occupancy on the site where they stand.
Vacant mobile homes on dealers' sales lots, at the factory, or in
storage yards are excluded from Che housing inventory. Housing unit
status was determined on a completecount basis.
OCCUPANCY STATUS. The classification of all housing units as either
occupied or vacant. This item was determined on a complete-count
basis.
Occupied. The classification of a housing unit with a person or persons
living in It as a usual residence when enumeratedor only temporlly
absent, for example, on vacation. A household consists of all the
persons who occupy a housing unit. If all the persons staying in
the unit have their usual place of residence elsewhere, the unit is
classified as vacant. Complete count figures on housholds and occupied
housing units should matchalthough sample estimates of households
and occupied housing units may differ because of weighting.
Vacant. A housing unit with no one living in it at the time of enumera-
tion, unless its occupants are only temporily absent. If, at the
time of enumeration, the unit is temporarily occupied solely by persons
who have a usual residence elsewhere, it is also classified as vacant.
The housing Inventory includes vacant mobile homes or trailers intended
to be occupied on the site where they stand. Vacant mobile homes
on dealer sales lots or in storage yards are not counted as housing
units.
New units not yet occupied are classified as vacant housing units
if construction has reached a point where all exterior windows and
doors are installed and final usable floors are in place. Vacant
units are excluded If open to the elements; that is, if the roof,
walls, windows, or doors no longer protect the interior from the elements,
or if there is positive evidence (such as sign on the house or in
the block) that the unit is to be demolished or is condemned. Also
excluded are quarters being used entirely for nonresidential purposes,
such as a store or an office, or quarters used for the storage of
business supplied or Inventory, machinery, or agricultural products.
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Vacant seasonal and migratory units. Vacant units used or intended
for use only in certain seasons. Any unit used throughout the year,
even if only occasionally, is excluded. Seasonal units include those
used for summer or winter sports or recretionbeach cottages and
hunting cabins, for example. Seasonal units may also include quarters
for such workers as herders and loggers. Migratory units include
those for farm workers during crop season.
PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD: The number of persons living in Che housing
unit. All occupants are countednot just those related to the house-
holder, but also any lodgers, roomers, boarders, partners, wards,
foster children, and resident employees who share the living quarters.
PLUMBING FACILITIES: Presence of toilet facilities, bathing facilities,
and piped water, ascertained for occupied and vacant housing units.
This item was asked on a complete-count basis.
1. Complete plumbing for exclusive use. Piped hot and cold water,
a flush toilet, and bathtub or shower for exclusive use by
household members. All facilities must be in the living quarters,
but need not be in the same room. Rot water need not be available
continuously. A privy or chemical toilet is not counted as
a flush toilet. A bathtub or shower is counted only if it
is connected to piped running water.
2. Lacking complete plumbing for exclusive use: Complete plumbing
facilities, but also used by another household. All facilities
present, but with some or all of the plumbing facilities also
regularly used by someone who is not a member of the household.
This category also applied if the future occupants of living
quarters now vacant would be expected to share the facilities.
3. Some but not all plumbing facilities. Units with none or
two but not all three of these: hot and cold piped water,
flush toilet, and bathtub or shower.
4. No plumbing facilities.
In the statistical abstract completes plumbing facilities are defined
as 1 and 2 and Incomplete plumbing facilities as 3 and 4.
POPULATION: The number of inhabitants of an area.
ROOMS: This category is used for 1970 census data since the number
of bedroom is not reported for ISZ 1970 sample.
The categories were 1 to 9 or more In 1970. Respondents were to count
only whole rooms used for living purposes, such as living rooms, dining
rooms, kitchens, bedrooms, finished recreation rooms, etc.: and to
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exclude kitchenettes, strip or pullman kitchens, bathrooms, porches,
balconies, fovers, hall, half-rooms, utility rooms, unfinished attics
or basments, or other space used for storage.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL: The type of sewage disposal system for the structure
in which the unit is located, ascertained for occupied and vacant
housing units. This item was asked on a sample basis.
Public sewer. Connected to a city, county,, sanitary district, neighbor-
hood, or subdivision sewer system. A public sewer may be operated
by a government body or by a private organization. Small sewage treatment
plants, called "neighborhood septic tanks" in some localities, are
classified as public sewers. All units in structures with five or
more units are assumed to be connected to a public sever.
Septic tank or cesspool. An undergroud tank or pit into which sewage
flows from the plumbing fixtures in the building.
Other means. Includes an individual sewer line running to a creek,
lake, swamp, etc.; units with a privy; and other arrangements.
Unsewered housing units are defined as the units served by septic
tank, cesspool or other means.
STRUCTURES: Structures are defined to include group quarters along
with housing units.
URBAN AND RURAL. Urban and rural are type-of-area concepts rather
than specific areas outlined on maps. As defined by the Census Bureau,
the urban population comprises all persons living in urbanized areas
(UA's) and in places of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside UA's.
The rural population consists of everyone else. Therefore, a rural
classification need not imply farm residence or a sparsely settled
area, since a small city or town is rural as long as it is outside
a UA and has fewer than 2,500 inhabitants.
The terms urban and rural are independent of metropolitan and non-
metropolitan designations; both urban and rural areas occur inside
and outisde SMSA's.
VALUE OF THE PROPERTY: For owner-occupied housing units, the respondent's
estimate of the current dollar worth of the property. For vacant
units, value is the price asked for the property. A property is defined
as the house and land on which it stands. Respondents estimated the
value of house and land even if they only owned the house or owned
the property jointly.
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Statistics on value are shown only for owner-occupied condominium
units and for "specified owner-occupied" units, i.e., one-family houses
on less Chan 10 acres and with no business on the property. Value
tabulations exclude renter-occupied units, mobile homes or trailers,
houses on 10 or more acres, houses with a commercial establishment
or medical office on the property, and noncondominium units in multi-family
buildings (e.g., cooperatives).
When value data are presented solely for vacant units for sale only,
the term "sale price asked" is substituted. In the computation of
aggregate and mean value, $7,500 is taken as the average of the interval
"less than $10,000," and $250,000 is taken as the average of the interval
"$200,000 or more." This it en was asked on a complete-count basis.
Values for 1980 reflect increased housing prices: the highest category
in 1970 was $50,000 or more," for 1980, $200,000 or more.
WATER, SOURCE OF. Source of the water used by the occupants or intended
occupants of the housing unit, ascertained for occupied and vacant
housing units. This item was asked on a sample basis.
1. Public system or private company. A common source supplying
running water to six or more housing units. The water may
be supplied by a city or county water department, a water
district, a private water company, etc., or it may be obtained
from a well which supplies six or more housing units*
2. Individual well. Water obtained from a well on the property
of the unit being enumerated or on a neighboring property
providing water to five or fever housing units. The well
water may be hand drawn, wind drawn, or engine drawn; piped
or not piped; stored in tanks; or used directly from the well.
Drilled. A well generally made with a mechanical drilling
rig and less than 1 1/2 feet in diameter. Drilled wells include
artisian (natural spring) wells.
Dug. A well generally hand dug and wider than 1 1/2 feet
in diameter.
3. Some other source. Water obtained from springs, creeks, rivers,
ponds, lakes, cisterns, or other sources not listed, but not
from a public system, private company, or well.
In the statistical abstract "other source* of water supply include
categories 2 and 3.
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