19486
Solid Waste
state Slo
elected o
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Regional and Intergovernmental Operations
Office of Solid Waste
Library Systems Branch
February 1977
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
NON-DOCUMENTARY SOURCES 7
Organizations 7
Counterpart Affiliations 7
Publications Staff Specialists 33
Trade or Industry Associations 36
Professional Associations and
Learned Societies 39
Universities 41
Public Interest Groups 43
Referral Services 46
Reference Services 73
SECONDARY LITERATURE 97
Encyclopedias, Almanacs and Other
General Introductory Sources 97
Bibliographies 100
Bibliographic Search Aids and
Services 120
Government Catalogs and Index
Publications 120
Commercial Indexes 124
Current Awareness Tools 134
'Abstracts Journals 140
Newsletters 150
MATERIALS PACKET 167
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Introduction
What is Solid Waste?
To paraphrase the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976,
"solid waste" means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treat-
ment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control
facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-
solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial,
commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, and from community
activities. The term does not include solid or dissolved material
in domestic sewage, or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation
return flows or industrial discharges which are point sources sub-
ject to permits under the Federal Hater Pollution Control Act. Nor
does it include source, special nuclear, or byproduct material as
defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. While this definition is
probably broader than that used by most jurisdictions, it emphasizes
the variety of types of disposal problems associated with "solid
waste."
Whether solid waste be defined broadly or narrowly, one thing is
clear—the volume and variety of solid waste is rapidly increasing.
The reasons are technological changes, rising standards of living,
and the era of "disposable" products and packagings in which we live.
In the past 50 years, the amount of waste discarded per person in the
United States has doubled. Solid waste has become an increasingly
difficult problem to deal with due to increased urbanization and
population concentration, as well. What once could be buried on
one's own farm or "down the road" now must be collected and buried
elsewhere or otherwise disposed of. Land is one of our most valuable
and most limited resources—particularly near our metropolitan areas
where the majority of population lives and, hence, where the majority
of solid waste is generated. Yet, we dispose of most of our solid
waste on land, in open dumps or sanitary landfills. It is becoming
increasingly difficult for municipal and county governments to find
sites for land disposal within reasonable distance of the population
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generating the waste. Coupled with the scarcity of land is the
frequent and vociferous opposition to potential landfill sites by
those living anywhere in the vicinity. Air pollution control regula-
tions have made incineration to reduce waste volumes almost impossible.
And all the while, the amount of garbage to be disposed of keeps
increasing.
In addition to siting problems with landfill disposal, use of this
technique of disposal without adequate planning, careful management,
and appropriate precautions can result in danger to human health and
to the environment. A number of instances have been recorded where
improper landfill siting or operations have caused such difficulties.
The area of hazardous waste management and disposal, in particular,
has become increasingly apparent as a problem area in severe need of
attention. Generation of hazardous wastes is increasing, due to
increased use of chemicals and advanced technologies, including use
of radioactive materials, and simply more industrial production.
Awareness of potential hazards has heightened with the discovery of
new ways in which some materials and chemicals used in manufacturing
can have harmful effects, either alone or when combined in the
environment with other chemicals, resulting in interactive effects.
Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture, and
use of other chemical additives in livestock through feeds and through
direct inoculations has also increased significantly. Finally, as a
result of other pollution treatment and control activities concerning
air and water, sludge and other residues from pollution clean-up
efforts have been created which also must be disposed of safely.
Recovery of materials and/or energy from the waste stream has received
increasing attention at the national, state, and local levels during
the past few years. The U.S. annually consumes nearly 200 million
tons of major metal, paper, glass, rubber, and textiles. Of this
amount, only about 25 percent—50 million tons—are obtained from
resource recovery. This represents the lowest percentage of resource
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recycling ever in history, according to EPA. Nearly all the
recovery that does occur is from industrial wastes, very little
from municipal wastes. Millions of tons of recoverable materials
are buried each year, lost forever to use by man. Many of these
materials are in short supply. They are costly to find and extract
from the earth, or to manufacture. Some of these materials can easily
be reused and, even under current market conditions, can bring a
significant return if sold for reuse. Others could do so if secondary
materials markets were developed, and if all the costs (including
disposal costs) of manufacturing processes were included in the
equation. Often these recyclable materials are easily separated from
the waste stream with current technology. More will be separable as
the technology develops. Other types of materials found in the waste
stream are combustible. By some estimates 70-80 percent of the muni-
cipal waste stream is combustible and can be converted to energy.
This waste material can be burned at high temperatures to produce
power directly, or converted through a number of available processes
to another fuel (methane gas, alcohol, methanol, or low-Btu gaseous
fuels and oils). It can thus substitute in part for the use of other,
scarce power resources, while at the same time reducing dramatically
the need to use valuable land—another scarce resource—for burial of
waste materials. Several jurisdictions in the nation presently have
such systems in operation, and many more are on the drawing board.
Because of the urgency of the need for better approaches to manage-
ment and disposal of hazardous wastes* and because of the rapidly-
advancing state-of-the-art in the technology of resource recovery,
in late 1976 Congress passed and the President signed into law the
Resource Recovery and Conservation Act of 1976. This new legislation
mandates Federal/ state, and local action in the area of solid and
hazardous waste management and disposal.
A listing of areas with solid waste energy and/or materials recovery
systems in operation or planned is included in EPA's publication,
A Nationwide Survey of Resource Recovery Activities, SW-142, by Richard
Hopper, January 1975. A copy of this publication is included in the
materials packet which accompanies this guide.
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Under the new legislation, EPA/ together with the states, is required
to identify hazardous wastes and establish standards for record-
keeping, labeling, containerization, transporting, treatment, storage,
and disposal of such wastes. The legislation requires establish-
ment of a permit and manifest system to assure proper handling and
disposal of all hazardous wastes, from generation point to final
disposal. Other regulations are required to be promulgated with
respect to transporters and disposers of hazardous wastes.
States are encouraged to develop their own hazardous waste management
programs. Such programs, when approved by EPA, may operate in lieu
of Federal programs in this area. Funds are available to assist
states in the development and implementation of authorized state
hazardous waste programs.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 also requires
states to develop solid waste management plans, taking into account
potential regional approaches, agency responsibilities, characteristics
of solid waste generation, collection, and disposal in the state,
methods for closing open dumps, transportation, industries, and many
other characteristics of the state's economy and geology. All open
dumps must be closed within a given time or upgraded to meet sanitary
landfill standards. Financial assistance is available to states,
counties, municipalities, intermunicipal agencies and local public
solid waste management authorities for planning and for implementa-
tion of programs to provide solid waste management, resource recovery,
and resource conservation services, as well as for hazardous waste
management. A separate allotment of funds is appropriated for rural
areas.
Federal research into various aspects of resource recovery technology
and markets is provided for, and a number of other Federal activities
are directed, including development of new procurement standards
requiring the highest possible proportion of recovered materials
to be used in procured items.
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One additional requirement of the new legislation is of particular
interest in the context of the present information-gathering effort.
Congress required EPA to undertake the "coordination, collection
and dissemination of information" on all aspects of solid waste
and hazardous waste collection, management disposal, marketing
of recovered products, financing, and research and development.
All such information is to be made available through a central
reference library to states, localities, and other interested persons.
A program for rapid dissemination of information on solid waste and
hazardous waste management, resource management, and methods of
resource recovery from solid waste is to receive special emphasis.
It is clear that with this new legislation the Federal government is
embarking upon a new era of involvement in the area of solid waste
management, particularly from the standpoint of resource recovery
and hazardous waste management efforts. At the same time, the new
legislation requires greater activity on the part of the states,
regions, and local jurisdictions.
In order to respond to these new regulations and new opportunities,
state and local legislators, along with agency officials and program
personnel, must work together—with assistance where necessary from
Federal officials—to devise the best possible approaches to solid
and hazardous waste management. A necessary first step in any such
effort is gathering of information on which to make informed judgments
With a view to assisting in this process, and as an example of how
this information-gathering process can be approached, the search strategy
outlined in the General Reference Guide to Environmental Information
Resources for State and Local Elected Officials was applied to
the following two topic areas: Resource Recovery for Energy, and
Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal. In addition to listing
information resources and contacts in each of these topic areas, the
material which follows incorporates some of the information itself,
wherever possible. Documents not readily incorporable within this
notebook format are included in the materials packet designed to
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accompany this information guide. It is hoped that the material
included herein and in the materials packet will serve as a useful
introduction to the wealth of information available to assist
legislators and officials in responding to this new federal mandate.
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ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
solid waste
NON-DOCUMENTARY SOURCES
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Organ!zations
Counterpart Affiliations
National League of Cities/U.S. Conference of Mayors
1620 Eye Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 293-7300
These two organizations operate in tandem to analyze Federal
and state programs' impact on municipal affairs, and to assist
mayors, council members, and urban staff personnel in shaping
and understanding approaches and solutions to current problem
areas. The organizations publish and distribute a large number
of publications, both regular (such as the periodicals Nation's
Cities and Washington Report), and occasional reports on what
individual cities are doing, results of research pertinent to
urban concerns, and special reports on projects conducted by
NLC/USCM.
Among the publications currently available from NLC/USCM relevant
to resource recovery and/or hazardous waste management are the
following publications included in the materials packet:
Solid Waste Management... An Overview of State Legislation
Municipal Solid Waste Management—Resource and Energy
Recovery
Resource Recovery Planning...An Overview of the Implemen-
tation Process
Four reprints from Nation's Cities:
Dumps: A Potential Threat to Our Groundwater
Supplies
Solid Waste, America's Neglected Pollutant (A Four-
Part Series of Articles from the June through
September, 1970 Issues)
Cities and the Nation's Solid Waste Disposal Crisis
Solid Waste Management Today...Bringing About Munici-
pal Change—A Nation's Cities Special Report
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
The Council of State Governments
Headquarters Office:
Iron Works Pike
Lexington, Kentucky 40511
(606) 252-2291
Southern Office:
3384 Peachtree Road, N.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30326
(404) 266-1271
This is an organization of all the state governments which
conducts research on state programs and problems, maintains
an information service for use by state agencies, officials,
and legislators, assists and promotes state-Federal and state-
local liaison and cooperation. The Council has published two
general reports on solid waste, which include sections on
resource recovery: The States' Roles in Solid Waste Management
"A Task Force Report" (reprinted by EPA in July 1973) and
Our Effluent Society, "The States and Solid Waste Management,"
published by the Council in February 1974. Copies of these
two publications are included in the materials packet. The
Council also has a publication on hazardous materials transpor-
tation.
In addition to their other research and publication activities,
the Council annually publishes a volume on Suggested State
Legislation. The 1973 volume included two pieces of legis-
lation relevant to the present topics — a Model State Solid
Haste Management and Resource Recovery Incentives Act, and a
Model State Toxic Waste Disposal Act. These two model acts
were the result of the work of the National Symposium on State
Environmental Legislation which met in Arlington, Virginia on
March 15-18, 1972. This symposium was co-sponsored by the
Council of State Governments and EPA, as well as several other
agencies at the Federal and state levels. It brought together
state government officials and legislators, heads of environ-
mental programs at the state and Federal levels, and many other
types of individuals concerned with Federal and state programs
on the environment.
The model legislation which resulted from this symposium was
printed in the Council of State Governments' 1973 Suggested
State Legislation, Volume XXXII, published September, 1972.
These two model acts are reproduced on the following pages with
the permission of the Council of State Governments.
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Stata Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovb., incentives Act
Suggested Legislation
Source: The Council of State Governments, 1972
I An Act providing for the planning and management of solid waste. 10
2 provide incentives Tor obtaining material and energy resources from
3 solid waste; and Tor other purposes.
I Section I [Short Title ] This Act may be cited as the Solid
2 Waste Management and Resource Recovery Incentives Act of [I972J
I Section 2 [Finding of Nttruav and Declaration of Purpose.]
1 (a) The Legislature of the State finds-
3 (1) that the people of this State have a constitutional right to
4 a clean environment and the costs of maintaining a clean environment
5 through the efficient environmentally acceptable management of solid
6 waste should be borne by those who use such services:
7 (2) that municipalities have serious economic, management, and
8 technical problems in the management of solid waste resulting from rco-
9 dentiaJ, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and other activities
10 carried on in .such jurisdictions,
11 (3) that inefficient and improper methods of managing solid uatie
12 result in scenic blights, create serious ha/ards to the public hc.ilth.
13 cause pollution of air and water resources, accident hazards, and m-
14 crease in rodent and insect vectors of disease, have an adverse effcci
15 on land values, create public nuisances, and otherwise interfere »ilh
16 community life and development,
17 (4) that while the management of solid waste is the responsibility
18 of each municipally, problems of solid wasie management have become .1
19 matter statewide in scope and in concern and necessitate state .icnon
20 through technical assistance and leadership in the application o( new
21 improved methods and processes to reduce the amount of solid wasie and
22 unsalvageable materials and lo promote environmentally acceptable and
23 economical solid waste management,
24 (5) that the continuing technological progress and improvement
25 in methods of manufacture, packaging and marketing of consumer products
26 has resulted in an ever mounting increase, and in a change in the our-
27 act ens tics, of the mass of material discarded by (he purchaser of sut.li
28 products,
29 (6) that the economic and population growth of our Slate, .md ihc
30 improvement in the standard of living enjoyed by our populaiion h.ne
31 required increased industrial production logether with related cnmmer-
32 cial and agricultural operations 10 meet our need, which have resulted
33 in a rising tide of useless, unwanted, and discarded materials, and
34 (7) that the failure or inability lo economically recover m.ucrui
35 and energy resources from solid waste results in the unnecessaiv V..IMC
36 and depletion of our natural resources
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64 Solid Waste Management Act
37 (b) li icreby declared to be the purposes of this Act to:
38 (I) pian for and regulate the storage, collection, transport.
39 separation, processing, and disposal of solid waste in order to protect
40 the public safety, health, and welfare and to enhance the environment
41 of the people of the State;
42 (2) establish and maintain a cooperative state program of plan-
43 ning and technical assistance for solid waste management,
44 (3) provide the authority to and require municipalities to ade-
45 quately plan and provide efficient, environmentally acceptable solid
46 waste management;
47 (4) require review of the design and issue permits for the oper-
48 ation of solid waste management activities;
49 (S) promote, through the removal of economic disincentives and by
SO providing economic incentives, the application of resource recovery
SI systems, which preserve and enhance the quality of air. water, and land
52 resources; and
S3 (6) promote and assist in the development of markets for recovered
54 and recycled materials by changing the state commerce, procurement, and
SS taxation statutes and policies.
J Section 3. [Definitions.} For the purposes of this Act, the
2 following words and phrases shall have the meaning given herein unless
3 their use in the text of the Act clearly demonstrates a different meaning
4 (I) "Agency" shall mean a subordinate or semi-autonomous organi-
j 5 zation created by the State or a municipality which is empowered to act
6 for the State or municipality,
7 (2) "Agricultural solid waste" shall mean the solid waste that
8 results from the rearing and slaughtering of animals and the processing
9 of animal products and orchard and field crops,
10 (3) "Collection" shall mean the act of removing solid waste from
11 the central storage point of the primary source;
12 (4) "Commercial solid waste" shall mean solid waste generated
13 by stores, offices and other activities that do not actually turn out
14 a product;
IS (S) "Department" shall mean the department of this Slate charged
16 with the administration and enforcement of the Act;
17 (6) "Director" shall mean the duly qualified and appointed per-
18 son in charge of the department which is responsible for the adminis-
19 tration and enforcement of this Act;
20 (7) "Disposal" shall mean the orderly process of discarding
21 useless or unwanted material;
22 (8) "Dump*' shall mean a land site where solid waste is disposed
23 of in a manner that does not protect the environment
24 (9) "Generation" shall mean the act or process of producing
25 solid waste;
26 (10) "Incineration" shall mean the controlled process by which
27 solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are burned and changed
Solid Waste Management Act
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liltk no comluiMihlc
into gases, and the residue produced contains
material.
(II) "Incinerator" shall mean an engineered apparatus u«d to
burn waste substances and in which all the factors of combustion — tem-
perature, retention time, turbulence, and combustion air — can he con-
trolled,
(12) "Industrial solid waste" shall mean solid waste that result
from industrial processes and manufacturing;
(13) "Institutional solid waste" shall mean solid waste origi-
nating from educational, health care, and research facilities;
(14) "Municipality" shall mean a town, village, city, county.
district, or other public body created by or pursuant to state law;
(15) "Natural resources" shall mean materials which have useful
physical or chemical properties which exist, unused, in nature. Synonyms
primary material, raw material, and virgin material.
(16) "Person" shall mean any individual, partnership, co-partner-
ship, firm, company, corporation, association, joint stock company.
trust, estate, county, municipality, or any other legal representative.
agent or assigns.
(17) "Pollution" shall mean the condition caused by the presence
in the environment of substances of such character and in such quann-
ties that the quality of the environment is impaired or rendered offen-
sive to life.
(18) "Processing" shall mean any method, system, or other treat-
ment designed to change the physical form or chemical content of solid
waste;
(19) "Reclamation" shall mean the restoration to a better or
more useful slate or the obtaining of useful materials from solid waste.
(20) "Recovered resources" shall mean materials which Mill
have useful physical or chemical properties after serving a specific
purpose and can, therefore, be reused or recycled for the same or other
purposes;
(21) "Recovery" shall mean the process of obtaining material
or energy resources from solid waste. Synonyms, extraction, reclamation.
salvage,
(i) "Energy recovery" shall mean the obtaining of energy avail-
able from the heat generated when solid waste is incinerated.
(22) "Recycling" shall mean the process by which recovered
resources are transformed into new products in such a manner thjt ihc
original products lose their identity;
(23) "Rendering" shall mean a process of recovering f.itn sub-
stances from animal parts by heat treatment, extraction, and ilishll.i-
tion.
(24) "Residential solid waste" shall mean all solid waste th,n
normally originates in a residential environment.
(25) "Reprocessing" shall mean the action of changing the con-
dition of a secondary material.
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Solid Waste Management Act
(26) .-use" shall mean the neintroduclion of a commodity into
the economic stream without any change;
(27) "Salvage" shall mean the utilization of waste materials
(28) "Sanitary landfil)" shall mean a site where solid waste is
disposed using sanitary landfilling techniques;
(29) "Sanitary landfillmg" shall mean an engineered method
of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner (hat protects the en-
vironment by spreading the waste in thin layers, compacting it to the
smallest practical volume, and covering it with soil by the end of each
working day;
(30) "Scrap" shall mean discarded or rejected material or pans
of material that result from manufacturing operations and are suitable
for reprocessing or recycling;
(i) "Home scrap" shall mean scrap that never leaves the manu-
facturing operation and is routinely reprocessed. (Also referred to as
revert scrap, mill broke, or turn-around scrap),
(ii) "(Prompt) Industrial scrap" shall mean scrap that is gener-
ated during the manufacture of a product;
(31) "Secondary material" shall mean a material that is utilized
in place of a primary or raw material in manufacturing a product;
(32) "Separation" shall mean the systematic division of solid
waste into designated components;
(33) "Solid waste" shall mean useless, unwanted, or discarded
material with insufficient liquid content to be free flowing.
(34) "Solid waste management" shall mean the purposeful, sys-
tematic control of the generation, storage, collection, transport.
separation, processing, recovery and disposal of solid waste;
(35) "Storage" shall mean the interim containment of solid
waste, in an approved manner, after generation and prior to ultimate
disposal;
(36) "Transport" shall mean the movement of solid waste sub-
sequent to collection.
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Section 4. [Powers and Dunes of ihe Department] The Depart-
ment of [ ] shall have the responsibility for the administration
and enforcement of the Act. It shall have the power and its duties shall
be to.
General
(I) administer the stale solid waste management program pursuant
to provisions of this Act;
(2) provide technical assistance to municipalities, agencies, and
other persons, and cooperate with appropriate federal agencies and pri-
vate organizations in carrying out the duties under this Act.
(3) encourage and recommend procedures for ihe utilization of
self-financing solid waste management systems and inter-municipal agen-
cies in accomplishing the desired objective of this Act,
Solid Waste Management Act
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(4) promote the planning and application of .ource recovery
systems which preserve and enhance the quality of air. water, and land
resources;
(5) serve as the official stale representative for all purposes
of the Federal Solid Waste Disposal Act. (PL. 91-512). or as subse-
quently amended, and for the purpose of such other state or federal
legislation as has been or may hereafter be enacted to assist in ihe
management of solid waste;
Planning
(6) survey the solid waste management practices within the State.
and prepare a solid waste management plan for adoption by the Governor
Such a plan shall also assess the feasibility of inter-municipal, self-
financing management of solid waste;
(7) require and review solid waste management plans from each
municipality or combination thereof;
(8) develop, in cooperation with appropriate state agencies and
other interested parties, a program for the collection, storage and
disposal of abandoned vehicles.
Regulation and Enforcement
(9) prepare, adopt, promulgate, modify, repeal, and enforce rules
and regulations governing solid waste storage, collection, transport.
separation, processing, and disposal, in order to conserve the air.
water and land resources of the State, protect the public health, pre-
vent environmental pollution and public nuisances, and enable it to c.irrj
out the purposes and provisions of this Act and Ihe adopted state solid
waste management plan,
(10) establish the procedures for permit application, review
and issuance, including fees therefor, governing the design and opera-
tion of solid waste management facilities and systems.
(II) prepare, issue, modify, revoke and enforce orders, after
investigation, inspection, notice and hearing, prohibiting violation ..I
any of the provisions of this Act or of any rules and regulations issued
pursuant thereto and requiring the taking of such remedial measures for
solid waste management as may be necessary or appropriate to implement
or effectuate the provisions and purposes of this Act.
(12) encourage, and cooperate with, appropriate federal authori-
ties to secure compliance with applicable federal statutes, orders and
guidelines for solid waste management activities conducted, permuted
or licensed by federal executive agencies within this State.
Operation and Financing
(13) designate mtra- or inter-municipal agencies as responsible
for solid waste management within appropriately defined jur,sj,ct,on.il
boundaries in accordance with the adopted stale and municipal solid
waste management plans and (he laws of this State.
(14) assume responsibility for. or enter into contract »nh. an.
state agency, municipality or person lor the planning, design, consirui.-
tion. operation or maintenance of solid waste management facilities or
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68 Solid Waste Management Act
61 systen seimbursemenl for all costs of such activities shall be through
62 user charges;
63 (IS) acquire personal or real properly or interest in by gift.
64 lease, purchase, eminentj domain or easement. For the purpose of pro-
65 vidmg sites for solid waste management activities.
66 (16) develop and encourage utilization of service charge based
67 on methods of financing local solid waste management systems to equi-
68 tably distribute all system costs among users.
I Section 5. [Municipal Ordinances.] Any municipality may enact
2 and enforce a municipal solid waste management ordinance if such ordinance
3 is substantially identical to this Act and the rules and regulations
4 authorized herein.
I Section 6. [Local Planning.]
1 (a) Each municipality or combination of municipalities shall, within
3 [ ] months after the adoption of the state solid waste management
4 plan, survey the solid waste management practices within Us boundaries
5 and prepare a solid waste management plan to be compatible with the state
6 plan, showing therein all present management activities and recommended
7 management activities for future use, taking into consideration popula-
8 tion growth, solid waste generation, land development regulations and
9 overall system management including organizational, financing, and regu-
i 10 latory capabilities. The plan will provide 10- and 20-year qualitative
w II and quantitative projections of the solid waste expected to be generated
12 within the jurisdiction From residential, commercial, industrial and
13 agricultural sources, and shall be submitted to the department For Us
14 review and approval prior to its local adoption and implementation. The
IS plan developed under this section must be designed to be operational
16 and when implemented must be an environmentally acceptable and economi-
17 cally efficient solid waste management system.
18 (b) Each municipality shall adopt and begin implementing the com-
19 prehensive solid waste management plan within [ ] months after
20 approval by the department.
I Section 7. [Inter-Municipal Solid Waste Management ]
1 (a) Municipalities with contiguous territories within or adjacent
3 to this State may, by ordinance or contract, join in an inter-municipal
4 solid waste management agency, setting out in said ordinance or contract
5 (I) The expiration date of such agency
6 (2) The financial responsibility of each member jurisdiction lo
7 the agency
8 (3) The extent of services each member will contribute to the
9 agency
10 (4) The establishment of solid waste management services includ-
11 ing the setting, revision and collection of service charges, or.
Solid Waste Management Act w
12 (5) The use of private persons for solid waste i jgement service
13 contracts, including therein.
14 (i) Exclusive territories.
IS (u) Regulation of charges.
16 (in) Contract terms.
17 (iv) Performance bonds, based on the average annual sum paid
18 over the contract term, and
19 (v) Such other terms as are found desirable and consistent mih
20 the provisions of this Act.
21 (b) All municipalities entering into such a solid waste management
22 agency agreement shall not withdraw therefrom during the term of such
23 agreement. New members may enter such solid waste management agenc> by
24 majority agreement of members under conditions consistent with ihis
25 Act or under orders from the department.
26 (c) All proposed agreements under this section must be submitted
27 to and approved by the department prior to enactment
I Section 8. [Intra-Municipal Solid Waste Management.} The lepis-
2 lative body of a municipality not participating in an mter-municip.ii
3 solid waste management agency shall form a solid waste management
4 agency to serve the area within us boundaries. Such agency is spccifi-
5 cally authori7ed to:
6 (I) Subdivide the municipality, taking into consideration popula-
7 tion density, solid waste generation, recovery, processing, and disposal
8 facilities available and area comprehensive plans.
9 (2) Establish solid waste management services within each sub-
10 division, or,
II (3) Enter into contract with private persons for solid waste
12 management services in each subdivision.
13 (4) Set. revise, and collect service charges based on the full
14 costs of providing services to users.
15 (5) Require a performance bond of private persons under (3).
16 such bond to be not less than the average annual sum paid over the
17 contract term
I Section 9 [Permits.]
2 (a) The director is hereby authorized to issue permits for solid
3 waste management (excluding recovery and recycling) facilities and svs-
4 terns, including design, operation, maintenance, substantial alicr.nmr..
5 modification, or enlargement All such permits shall be nontran^lcrahlc.
6 shall be for a term of [ ] year(s) and shall be subject to ihc fco
7 established by the department. All such permits so issued shall he con-
8 ditioned upon the observance of the laws of the Stale and ihc rules ami
9 regulations authorized herein
10 (h) All existing solid waste man.ij:er.,cnt activities shall c-mpK
II with the permit requirements of this Act within f I nn>ml« "•
12 the effective date of this Act
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70 Solid Waste Management Act
13 (c) Each permit holder shall apply for the renewal of each permit
14 held, upon forms provided by the department, not more than 90 days prior
IS to the expiration date of each permit to be renewed and shall tender
16 with the application'a non-returnable Tee as established by the depart-
17 ment All fees so paid shall be deposited in a separate fund, to be
18 used to defray the cost of the administration of this Act.
19 (d) Municipalities of this State, including tnter-municipal agen-
20 cies authorized herein, are exempted from the fee provisions of this
21 section
22 (e) Each permit application and each permit renewal application
23 shall be submitted with proof of a performance bond, in a sum estab-
24 lished by the department, payable to (he State and conditioned on the
25 fulfillment by the permit holders of the requirements of this Act and
26 the rules and regulations authorized herein No performance bond required
27 by this Act may be cancelled by the issuing company unless the depart-
28 menl has received written notice thereof and there has been a lapse of
29 10 days between receipt of notice and cancellation date.
I Section 10 [Inspections.} The department is hereby authorized
2 to inspect all solid waste management activities, excluding recovery and
3 recycling activities, at all reasonable times, to insure compliance with
4 the laws of this State, the provisions of this Act and the rules and
5 regulations authorized herein. It shall be unlawful for any person to
6 interfere with such inspections
I Section II. [Notice] Any notice, order or other official
2 correspondence affecting the rights of any person under this Act shall
3 be delivered by personal service or sent by certified mail with a return
4 receipt required to the address of such person as shown by the records
5 of the department. The return receipt, signed by the addressee, or his
6 agent, shall be conclusive proof of delivery
I Section 12. [Hearings.]
2 (a) Any person who received an order from the department as author-
3 ized by this Act and any municipality whose plan is disapproved by the
4 department may, within 10 days of the date of receipt of such order
5 or disapproval, file a notice of intent to appeal, setting forth in such
6 notice a verified petition outlining the basis for such appeal
7 (b) The director shall, not less than 30 days after receipt of such
8 notice of appeal, hold a public hearing, at which time the person appeal-
9 ing may appear and present evidence in person or through counsel in
10 support of his petition.
11 (c) The director is hereby authorized to administer oaths and to
12 issue subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses and the production
13 of evidence in all such hearings Transcripts may be made by either the
14 department or the person appealing
Solid Waste Management Act 7!
J5 (d) The director shall affirm, modify or revoke any action uhich
o is appealed and shall notify the appellant of his decision not more
I' than 30 days after the conclusion of the hearing Such notice shall
I" be in writing and shall state the reasons for the decision.
I' (e) Any person may appeal such decision to the court of general
20 jurisdiction of the county in which his principal place of business is
located by filing with the department a written notice of such intcm
lo appeal within 15 days of the notice in (d) and shall have a tr.-in-
23 script of the proceedings upon paying the costs of such record provided
24 such notice is received by the department within 15 days of the date
25 of the notice required in (d).
21
22
Section 13 [Prohibited Activities.]
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to
(I) violate any provision of this Act or any rule, regulation.
standard, or order issued pursuant to this Act,
(2) burn solid waste other than in a facility for which a permit
6 has been issued pursuant to this Act,
7
8
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17 visions of this Act or rules and regulations authorized herein shall
18 be deemed a separate offense
I Section 14 [Penalty] Every person convicted of violating
2 this Act or the rules and regulations authorized herein shall be suhjeci
3 to a fine not to exceed $500 or imprisonment for not more than 6 months
4 m a county jail, or both
(3) own, operate, or use a dump for the disposal of solid waste,
(4) place, or allow to be placed, any solid waste upon the roads
streets, public or private property contrary to the provisions of this
Act;
(5) manage solid waste without a permit issued pursuant to this
Act;
(6) store, collect, transport, process, or dispose of solid waste
in such a manner as to degrade the environment, create a nuisance.
create a health or safety hazard, or contrary to this Act.
(b) Each day of continued violation of this section or the pro-
Section 15. [In/unction]
(a) The department shall maintain an action to restrain the con-
tinued violation of the provisions of this Act or the rules and regula-
tions authorized herein Such right to mjunctive relief is in addition
lo any other powers or penalties conferred by this Act.
(b) Such action shall be brought in the name of the Stale and shall
be prosecuted by the Attorney General in the court of general junsdic-
8 tion in the county in which the violations occur.
' Section 16 [Emergency Power.]
* (a) In the event that the director presumes that a clear and present
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72
Solid Waste Management Ad Solid Waste Management Ac!
3 thr exists to the safety, health, or welfare of the people of ih»
4 Slate or actions which reasonably may result in harm to the environment
5 or create a nuisance, arising from the management of solid waste con-
6 trary to (he provisions of this Act or the rules and regulations author-
7 i7ed herein, the director may seire such activity and take whatever
B measures he deems necessary to rectify such mismanagement of solid waste.
9 any other provisions of this Act notwithstanding.
10 (b) The director may institute a civil action, in the name of tht
11 Slate, against the permit holder so seired. to recover the expenses in-
12 curred -in eliminating such threat to the health and welfare of the
13 people of this State, in the court of general jurisdiction in which
14 the activity is located and the court may award treble damages when
15 such permit holder is found to have acted willfully or wantonly in the
16 design, operation, or maintenance of such activity.
I Section 17. [Plats.] All persons operating a sanitary landfill
2 under permits issued pursuant to this Act shall, upon completion of thr
3 sanitary landfill, file with the recorder of each county in which tht
4 sanitary landfill is located a plat of each site, together with a descrip-
5 lion of the waste placed therein
I Section 18. [Applicability to State Agencies ] State agencies
2 shall comply with all provisions of this Act including planning, review.
3 and permit requirements. State agencies may contract with any person to
4 carry out their responsibilities under the Act. Such contractors shall
5 also comply with the provisions of the Act.
I Section 19. [Transport of Solid Want]
2 (a) Nothing in this Act shall be interpreted as limiting the free
3 Tow of solid waste across municipal or state boundaries in accordance
4 with the rules and regulations issued pursuant to this Act.
5 (b) No municipality or agency of this Slate shall take any action
6 to prevent such free flow of solid waste provided the transport or dis-
7 position of the solid waste is in accord with the provisions of the Act
I Section 20. [Resource Recovery Tax Incentive ]
2 Section [ ], "Expenditures for Recovered Resources," is added
3 to the [Revenue and Taxation Code] to read-
4 (a) General. There shall be allowed as a deduction the percentages
5 specified in subsection (b) of the expenditures made by a taxpayer dur-
6 ing the taxable year to purchase recovered resources, excluding home
7 scrap to he recycled
8 (h) Percentages allowed. The percentages of expenditures referred
9 to in subsection (a) are as follows1
10 (I) [ ] percent for recovered metals except those referred 10
11 in paragraph (2) following.
iron, sic
71
;ind
] percent for recovered copper
] percent for recovered paper, paper products and «o-
] percent for all other recovered resources.
12 (2) [
1 3 silver.
«« (3) [
IS tiles:
If, /4\ r , percclii mi an >«•••-• •»- --------- -- -
• 7 (c i Nolwiihstanding any other provision of th.s «non the
IH duction provided shall not be allowed to any taxpayer fo. an> taxable
.9 year in which the department, hy rcgulal.on and after public : hwnnj .
20 prescribes that allowance of such dcduchon w,th respect to an> speuhc
21 recovered resource dunng that taxable year should be suspended as not
22
24
2$
I
2
3
4
S
purposes of ,h,S
Act, and
(2) alleviate the depletion of any natural resource.
Section 21 \Aniormauon of Jfrrwrrr or Reckling Fac'!"lfS\ ..
Sect.on [ ]. "Amorti/at.on of Recovery or Recycling Fac.l.ties.
is added to the [Revenue and Taxation Code] to read
(a) Allowance of deduction Every taxpayer, at hi. elect on. .ha II
be entitled to a deduction w,th respect to the amort,™.,on of the amor-
tirable basis of any recovery or recycbng facility as defined m sub-
9
10
II
12
14
IS
16
17
IX
20
1\
22
23
24
:s
27
30
31
32
33
,o, »mou,u of deduction For any taxable year. Ihe deduction .hall
be an amount determmed by amortmng ra.ably over a period of [ I
years the amortiwble basis of the recovery or recycling fac,!.i> I he
amortization deduction provided shall be m lieu of the dePrecu!'""
deduction with respect to such fac.lity provided by Section [ ]
[ ] year period shall begin, a< to any such facility, at the ek*
L of the taxpayer, with the year follow.ng the ye« m wh*h Uch
facility was completed or acquired, or with the succeeding taxable ea
(c) Election of amortization The election of the taxpayer to lake
the .mon.7.t.on deduction shall be made by filing w.th the [Doctor
of the Department of Revenue and Taxation] or hi. delegate in
regulations prescribe, a statement of such election
(d) Termination of amortisation deduct.on A taxpayer »ho lw«
elected under subsection (c) to take the amormal.on deduct.on pro-
vided in subsection (a) may. at any time after making sucn
discontinue the deduction with respect to the remainder of .he
»t.on period, such d,scont,nuance to negm as of .he heg.ni.mg
year specified by the taxpayer m a nonce in Anting f.lcU
[Department of Revenue and Taxanonl before .he beginning ol
The depreciation deduction provided by Section [ J sna j
beginning with the firs, year as to which the amor.i/at.on
does not apply.
(e) Definitions For purpose- of «lns section
(l)"recoxcn or .rcidm* lac.lii*- means an improved, ne*.
or newly acquired faciln> uhith is used b> the ta«ru«r to
.
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I
74 Solid Waste Management Act
34 recycle eru.rfy or materials from solid waste
35 (2) "amortizable basis" means that portion of the adjusted
36 basis (for determining gain) of a facility which may be amortized under
37 this section
1 Section 22 [Stare Procurement Incentives for Recovered Resources
2 and Recycled Materials }
3 Section [ ]. "Procurement of Recovered Resources and Recycled
4 Materials." is added to the [State Procurement Code] to read-
5 (a) All procurement specifications currently utilized by this State
6 shall be reviewed by [the appropriate department] to eliminate wherever
7 feasible discrimination against the procurement of recovered resources
8 and recycled materials. Such review shall be completed on or before
9 [ ]
10 (b) Incentives shall be provided wherever feasible in all procure-
11 ment specifications issued by this State, to provide for the maximum
12 possible use of recovered resources and recycled materials
13 (c) The following words shall be added wherever feasible to pro-
14 curements issued by this Slate, "in accordance with the policy of this
I5 Stale to reduce solid waste by providing an incentive for resource
16 recovery and recycling, this procurement is issued with a requirement
17 that all material supplied hereunder contain [ ] percent by weight
18 of recovered resources or recycled materials excluding home scrap."
I Section 23. [Equitable Transport Rates.} The [Public Utilities
2 Commission] is hereby directed to establish rates which do not discnmi-
3 nate against the transport of solid waste, recovered resources, or re-
4 cycled materials.
1 Section 24. [Governor's Advisory Council on Solid Waste Managt-
2 mem and Recycling.}
3 (a) Establishment and Membership. There is hereby established in
4 the Office of the Governor a "Governor's Advisory Council on Solid Waste
5 Management and Recycling" (hereinafter referred to m this section as
6 the "Council"). The Council shall consist of one representative ap-
7 pointed by the Governor from each of the following categories:
8 (I) Private solid waste management organization
9 (2) Private secondary materials organization
10 (3) Private environmental conservation organization
11 (4) Public solid waste management agency
12 (5) Community resource recovery organization
13 (6) Municipal government
14 (7) State department of environmental protection
IS (8) State department of revenue and taxation
16 (9) State public utilities commission
17 (10) State planning agency
18 (II) Consulting engineering organisation
Waste Management Act
75
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21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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29
30
31
32
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3*
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W
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12
I?
I4
(12) Financial institution
(13) Transportation industry
(14) The public at large
(b) Term. All members shall be appointed within 60 days of the
effective date of this Act.
(c) Compensation All members of the Council shall serve without
compensation, but shall be reimbursed for necessary and proper expenses
incurred in the performance of their official duties
(d) Not more than 30 days after the appointment of the Council the
Governor shall cnll a meeting at which time the Council shall elect its
officers and establish procedures for the conduct of its business.
(e) Meetings The Council shall meet not less than once in each
quarter of each year Emergency meetings may be called by the Council
under conditions set forth in procedures, or by the Governor.
(f) Powers and Duties of the Council The Council shall-
(I) recommend to the appropriate state agency rules and regula-
tions affecting solid waste management, resource recovery, and recycling
within this State,
(2) recommend legislation to encourage the efficient management
of solid waste, resource recovery, and recycling within the Stale.
(3) study the effects of existing public policies within the State.
including subsidies, economic incentives and disincentives, percentage
depletion allowances, transportation policies, capital gains treatment.
zoning policies, licensing practices, procurement practices. Tees and
the like, upon recovery and recycling and report us findings to the
Legislature and the Governor annually.
(4) recommend, to the appropriate state agency, special studies
and projects which are needed to further economic solid waste manage-
ment, resource recovery, and recycling
Section 25. [Solid Waste Management and Rf cycling Intpatt Stale-
ments.} The Legislature of (his State directs that all municipalities
of this State:
(I) utilize a .systematic, interdisciplinary approach to carry out
their functions in such a way as to consider the effect of any actions
they may take on solid waste management or recycling.
(2) report to (he Governor's Advisory Council on solid waste man-
agement and recycling on those actions which significantly affect thi<
Slate's ability to recover and recycle resources from solid waste, and
include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation
and other major state actions significantly affecting the qualit\ of
the human environment, solid waste management or recycling, including
hut not limited to. procurement policies, transportation rcgul.ilion1-.
licenses, taxes, fees, reporting and administrative requirements yoninx
actions affecting solid uaste management jnd recycling, and ihr li»o.
a detailed statement by the responsible olficial on
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76 Solid Waste Management Act
17 (i, .e environmental impact of the proposed action:
18 (u) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided
19 should the proposal be implemented;
20 (in) the relationship between local short term uses of man's
21 environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long term produc-
22 tivity; and
23 (iv) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources
24 which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented;
25 (3) prior to making any detailed statement, the responsible offi-
26 cial shall consult with and obtain the comments of any stale agency
27 which has jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to any
28 environmental, solid waste management or recycling impact involved.
29 Copies of such statements and the comments and views of the appropriate
30 agencies shall be made available to the Council and the public and
31 shall accompany the proposal through its consideration.
I Section 26. [Miscellaneous Provisions ] [Repealer, Savings Clause, etc ]
I Section 27. [Severabilny Clause] The provisions of this Act
2 are severable and if any provision or part thereof shall be held invalid
3 or unconstitutional or inapplicable to any person or circumstances, such
4 invalidity unconstitutionally or inapplicability shall not affect or
5 impair the remaining provisions of (his Act.
I Section 28. [Effective Dale.} This Act is hereby declared an
2 emergency provision to protect the health and welfare of the inhabitants
3 of the Stale and shall take effect immediately upon its passage.
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20
Model State .ic Waste Disposal Act
Suggested Legislation
Source: The Council of 'State Governments, 1972
(Title, enacting clause, etc.)
Title I.
[General Provisions]
I Section I. [Authority.] The director of the [Division of Water
2 Quality Control, Department of Environmental Protection] is hereby vested
3 with the authority and responsibility for control of toxic waste disposal
4 within the State of [ ].
I Section 2. [Prohibited Acts.] No toxic waste disposal shall be
2 made, and no toxic waste disposal system shall be constructed or be put
3 into operation:
4 (I) unless such disposal system shall conform to the requirements
5 of this Act and any applicable rules, regulations, and guidelines pro-
6 mulgated hereunder, and any applicable federal law, rules, regulations.
7 or guidelines; and
8 (2) for categories of disposal classified as subject to permit under
9 Section 4 of this Act, prior to issuance by the director of a permit au-
10 thorizing such disposal, and containing such terms and conditions as the
11 director may deem appropriate.
I Section 3. [Definitions.]
2 (a) "Director" means the director of the [Division of Water Quality
3 Control within the Department of Environmental Protection], specifically
4 vested with the authority and responsibility for control of toxic waste
5 disposal within this State.
6 (b) "Toxic waste" means any substance or combination of substances
7 which, in the judgment of the director, consistent with any applicable
8 federal law, may pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human
9 health because such substances are non-degradable or persistent in nature,
10 or because they can be biologically magnified, or because they can be
11 lethal, or because they otherwise cause or tend to cause detrimental
12 cumulative effects.
13 (c) "Well injection disposal" means the act of emplacing, or a
14 system for the emplacement of toxic wastes within the earth by means of
15 an injection well
16 (d) "Toxic waste disposal" means well injection disposal or,
17 except as regulated by the Slate Water Quality Permit Act, the ultimate
18 disposition onto the land of any toxic waste
19 (e) "Injection well" means any well that « drilled, cored, hored.
20 washed, driven, dug, jetted, or otherwise constructed or modified for
Toxic Waste Disposal Act
21
means lhat water
21 well injection disposal
22 (Q "Subsurface" means below the land surface.
23 (g) "Subsurface water" or "ground water"
24 beneath the surface of the ground that may move to springs or wells
25 (h) "State waters" means any and all waters, public or pruate.
on or beneath the surface of the ground, including but not limited lo
subsurface water, ground water and formation water, which are contained
within, flow through, or border upon this Stale or a portion (hereof'
(i) "Monitor well" means any well that is drilled, cored, bored.
or otherwise constructed to observe the operation or results of a toxic
waste disposal system
0) "Zone of influence" means the spatial extent of migration
or dispersion of injected or otherwise disposed fluid, and include-, ihe
spatial extent of detectable changes in the biology, chemi«;tr>. pres-
sure, or temperature of the environment.
(k) "Person" means any individual, owner, operator, partnership.
37 firm, association, joint venture, public or private corporation, trusi.
38 estate, commission, board, public or private institution, utiliiy.
39 cooperative, municipality, or any other political subdivision of this
40 State, any interstate body, or any other legal entity.
41 (I) "Owner" means any person owning or leasing the surface or
42 subsurface for purposes of constructing and operating a toxic waste
disposal system.
(m) "Operator" means the designated agent of the owner who oper-
ates and manages a loxic waste disposal facility for the owner
(n) "Workover" means any procedure such as acidizing, fracturing.
repairing or replacing casing, tubing or packers, and perforating addi-
tional zones, intended to restore or improve the ability of an existing
injection well or injection formation to receive injected fluids
(o) "Toxic waste disposal system" means all surface and subsur-
face equipment and installations for well injection disposal or other
toxic waste disposal, as well as the formations within the ?one ot
influence
26
27
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29
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34
35
36
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53
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7
8
9
10
II
Section 4 [State Toxic Waste Disposal Plan] After consulting
and in cooperation with appropriate federal, slate, local go\ernmcni.n
and other public and private organizations or persons, the director sh.ili
promulgate and publish a comprehensive plan for control of toxic ».IMC
disposal on or under non-federal lands Such plan shall he con-iMcm
with any applicable federal law or law of this State and include
(I) regulations generally applicable to all toxic waste dispos.il
within this State;
(2) classifications by type of waste, disposal locations, and dis-
posal procedure, of those acts of toxic waste disposal requiring per-
mits pursuant to Section 5 of this Act.
'Definition should conform lo enisling time law
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22 Toxic Waste Disposal Act
12 (3) sum regulations as are deemed necessary by the director to
13 implement his authority to require monitoring, reporting, and inspec-
14 tion pursuant to Section 11 ,of this Act;
IS (4) guidelines prescribing the manner and means necessary to plan
16 for and carry out acts of toxic waste disposal subject to this Act in-
17 eluding, but not limited to:
18 (i) geological and hydrological testing requirements;
19 (ii) disposal procedures;
20 (iii) performance standards related to injection facilities such
21 as wells and well casing, and monitoring systems;
22 (iv) distribution and proximity of disposal or storage sites in
23 specified geographic areas and types of geologic formations or situ-
24 ations;
25 (v) pretreatment requirements; and
26 (vi) back-up facility requirements providing for the safe shut-
27 down of the toxic waste disposal system in the event of a temporary
28 failure;
29 (S) regulations prescribing the information to be supplied by the
30 permit applicant as part of the applicant's project plan as shall be
31 deemed necessary by the director to determine the advisability of grant-
32 ing or denying a permit, imposing terms and conditions upon its issuance,
33 and otherwise to effectively monitor and control the proposed toxic
34 waste disposal.2
I Section 5. [Submission of Project Plans; Permits; Hearings.]
2 (a) A project plan shall be submitted to the director for review and
3 approval prior to the initiation of construction or operation of any type
4 of toxic waste disposal system or activity designated under Section 4(2)
5 of this Act. Such plan shall be submitted utilizing such standard forms
6 of application and supplying such engineering, geological and other m-
7 formation as may be required pursuant to Section 4 of this Act. In some
8 cases, the data required before the plan may be acted upon by the direc-
9 tor may not be available to the permit applicant without the expenditure
10 of substantial funds for the acquisition of detailed data. If sufficient
II data are not available, the director may in his discretion permit a
12 preliminary project plan to be submitted and a review be made to deter-
13 mine the general feasibility of the project, prior to submission of a
14 final project plan sufficient to enable a determination by the director
15 hereunder.
16 (b) Upon presentation of satisfactory evidence by the owner or
17 operator that the requirements of this Act, of the State Toxic Waste
18 Disposal Plan, and of any rules, regulations, or guidelines promulgated
19 thereunder have been and will be satisfied and that the proposed oper-
'Annexed 10 thil model ll • lilt of information believed nece«ary lo prewni adequately ihe facior*
which ihould be conudered before approving or diiapprovmg a project plan lor well injection
disposal of toxic wastes
Toxic Waste Disposal Act
23
30
31
20 ation of a toxic waste disposal system will comply with such requirements.
21 a permit may. after opportunity for public hearing, be issued by the
22 director authorizing well injection or toxic waste disposal for a period
23 not lo exceed S years and upon such terms and conditions as ihe direc-
24 tor may deem appropriate.
25 (c) Prior to issuance of a permit under this section, notice shall
26 be given lo mineral and surface land owners within a 2-mile radius of
27 the proposed disposal site. These owners may request a public hearing
28 upon the permit application by filing a written petition, in such form
29 as the director may prescribe, within 60 days of receipt of notice ol
the application. If the expected zone of influence of the proposed dis-
posal extends beyond the land included within a 2-mile radius of ihe
32 proposed disposal sites, then notification shall be given to those
33 mineral and surface owners within the expected zone of influence.
34 (d) Notice shall also be given, prior to issuance of any permit
35 under this section, to each State which may be adversely affected, with
36 respect to public health, by any toxic waste disposal to be permitted
37 by this State. Such adversely affected State or States may request a
38 public hearing upon the permit application by Tiling a written pennon.
39 in such form as the director may prescribe, within 60 days of receipt
40 of notice of the permit application.
41 (e) In addition to the notice required by subsections (c) and (d)
42 of this section, the director shall issue public notice of all permit
43 applications and shall, to the extent practicable, furnish a copy of
44 this notice to all interested persons. The director may. in his discre-
45 tion and in the public interest, hold a public hearing and allow par-
46 ticipation by interested persons, upon request by any such person
1 Section 6. [Renewal of Permits.] Upon expiration of a permit
2 the director may, pursuant to such rules and regulations as he may pre-
3 scribe, issue a new permit not to exceed another 5-year term. The director
4 may in his discretion waive one or more of the requirements of Section
5 4 relating to the contents of a project plan.
I Section 7. [Zone of Disposal.] No zone or interval other than
2 the zone approved by the director shall be used by the owner or operator
3 of the system for disposal purposes. If additional zones or intervals are
4 required, other than these specified in the original proposal, then prior
5 approval shall be obtained from the director before the additional /one
6 or intervals are used.
I Section 8. [iforftowr.] Workover procedures shall not he per-
2 formed without prior approval of the director and then only to the extent
3 authorized by the director.
I Section 9. [Disposal or injection ] All drilling complf n.v
2 preparation, and operating procedures for »oxic waste disposal and lm
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24
Toxic Waste Disposal Act
3 monitoring such disposal shall be in the manner approved by the director,
4 and volumes or toxic wastes disposed shall not exceed that specified in
5 any permit issued by the director, nor shall toxic waste other than that
6 specified be disposed wit hoot prior approval of the director.
I Section 10 [Abandonment.] No toxic waste disposal system sub-
2 ject to this Act shall be abandoned or plugged unless prior approval has
3 been obtained from the director, and such abandonment or plugging proce-
4 dures shall be as directed by the director. The operation of monitoring
5 equipment, and such other monitoring procedures as may be prescribed
6 pursuant to Section 11 of this Act, shall continue after disposal has
7 terminated for as long as the director may direct.
I Section 11. (Monitoring. Recording, and Reporting] The director
2 may, by regulation, order, permit, or otherwise, require the owner or
3 operator of any disposal system to-
4 (I) establish and maintain such records;
5 (2) make such reports,
6 (3) install, calibrate, use, and maintain such monitoring equipment
7 or methods (including, where appropriate, the drilling of additional
8 holes into the formation and installation of analytical equipment in
9 monitoring wells);
10 (4) sample such toxic waste being disposed (in accordance with
11 such methods, at such locations, at such intervals, and in such manner
12 as the director shall prescribe); and
13 (5) provide such other information relating to the waste disposal
14 as is necessary to determine the existence, nature, and frequency and
15 effects of any disposal of wastes subject to the provisions of this Act
I Section 12 [Inspection and Entry.] To carry out the purposes of
2 this Act or any rule, regulation, order, or permit issued thereunder, the
3 director or his authorized representative, upon presentation of his cre-
4 dentials or other written notice of his inspection authority:
5 (1) shall have a right to entry at reasonable times to, upon, or
6 through any land or premises on or in which any toxic waste disposal
7 originates or takes place or in which any records are required to be
8 maintained;
9 (2) may at reasonable times have access to and copy any records re-
10 quired to be maintained; and
11 (3) may inspect any monitoring equipment or method
I Section 13. [Public Access to Information] Any records, reports.
2 or information obtained under this Act shall be available to the public
3 for inspection and copying; provided, that upon a showing satisfactory
4 to the director by any person that such records, reports, or information.
5 or any part thereof (other than information describing the waste disposed
6 in a toxic waste disposal system), would, if made public, divulge methods
Toxic Waste Disposal Act
25
7 or processes entitled to protection as trade secrets v »uch person, ihe
8 director shall consider, treat, and protect such record, report, or m-
9 formation, or part thereof as confidential; provided further. hu*e\er
10 that any such record, report, or information accorded confidennnl
11 treatment may be disclosed or transmitted to other officers, emplovccs
12 or authorized representatives of the Slate or the United States concerned
13 with carrying out this Act or when relevant in any proceeding under
14 this Act.
I Section 14 [Emergency Orders ]
2 (a) Whenever the director finds that an act prohibited by Section 2
3 of this Act (whether or not authorized by a permit issued under this Act
4 otherwise or in compliance with this Act) or an existing toxic waste dis-
5 posal site presents an imminent and substantial hazard to human health.
6 the director may issue an emergency order requiring appropriate remedial
7 or corrective measures to be taken
8 (b) Upon issuance of an emergency order under subsection (a) of this
9 section, the director shall immediately seek a temporary restraining order
10 and thereafter, if deemed necessary by the director, a preliminary or
11 permanent injunction to enjoin the acts subject to the emergency order
12 (c) Any emergency order issued by the director under subsection (a)
13 of this section shall lapse and be of no effect upon a determination by
14 the court of the director's application for a temporary restraining
15 order, or 3 days after the issuance of the emergency order, whichever
16 occurs earlier
I Section 15 [Financial Responsibility.] Any person or persons
2 seeking a permit under this Act for a proposed injection well or toxic
3 waste disposal system must, before such proposal may be approved by the
4 director, affirmatively evidence such financial responsibility as the
5 director may request to assure present and continuing compliance with
6 this Act. The evidence of financial responsibility required by (his scc-
7 tion shall consist of a deposit with the treasurer of Ihe State of cash.
8 surety bond, or other securities in such amount and with and under such
9 condition as the director may require, to assure that upon abandonment.
10 cessation, or interruption of the use of a disposal system, all appro-
11 priale measures are taken to prevent present or future damage to stale
12 waters After initial of a permit pursuant to Section 5 of this Aci. a
13 similar showing of financial responsibility shall be made at lensi
14 yearly thereafter, and to the extent as from time to time may be required
IS by the director.
I Section 16. [Other Regulatory Agencies.] Compliance with the
2 provisions of this Act is no way relieves Ihe owner or operator from full
3 and complete compliance with all applicable rules and regulations of other
4 slate regulatory agencies, except (hat compliance with this Act
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26
Toxic Waste Disposal Act
1 Section 17. [Injunctions: Civil Penalty.] Wherever the director
2 finds that any person is in violation, or is about to violate, any pro-
3 vision of this Act, the State Toxic Waste Disposal Plan, or any rule,
4 regulation, or guideline promulgated thereunder, the director may:
5 (I) institute a civil action for appropriate relief, including a
6 permanent or temporary injunction; and
7 (2) subsequent to a period of IS days after notice of violation,
8 assess any person failing to correct such violation, after opportunity
9 for public hearing held on the record with opportunity for cross-examina-
10 tion, a civil penalty of not more than 525,000 for each day of continuing
11 violation after the said 15 days.
I Section 18. [Criminal Penalties.]
2 (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any person
3 who willfully [or negligently] violates any provision of Section 2 of this
4 Act, or the terms or conditions of any permit issued under Section 5 of
5 this Act, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $25,000 per day
6 of violation or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both.
7 If this conviction is for a violation committed after a first conviction
8 of such person under this subsection, punishment shall be by a fine of not
9 more than $50,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment for not more
10 than 2 years, or by both.
11 (b) Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, represen-
5 12 tation, or certification in any application, record, report, project
13 plan, or other document filed or required to be maintained under this
14 Act, or by any permit, rule, regulation, guideline, or plan issued or
15 promulgated under this Act. shall upon conviction, be punished by a
16 fine of not more than $10.000, or by imprisonment for not more than 6
17 months, or by both.
1 Section 19. [Annual Report.] One year after the effective date
2 of this Act, and annually thereafter, the director shall submit, through
3 the Governor, a report to the State Legislature and any appropriate federal
4 authority if required, summarizing the actions taken under this Act, and
5 the effectiveness of such actions and such information and recommenda-
6 tions, including legislative recommendations, as he deems appropriate.
Section 20. [Repealer.] All laws or parts of laws inconsistent
ith the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed to the extent of any
I
2 with the provisions
3 such inconsistency
I Section 21. [Severahilny.] The provisions of this Act are
2 severable. If any provision of this Act shall be held to be unconstitu-
3 tional or invalid for any reason, such unconstitutionally or invalidity
4 shall not affect the remaining provisions of this Act.
I Section 22. [Effective Date.] This Act shall take effect.
Toxic Waste Disposal Act
27
Annex
The following list of requirements concerning information to be supplied by j
permit applicant (see Section 4(4) of the model statute) is suggested in order to
elicit sufficient information to be considered before approving or disapproving a
project plan for well injection.
(a) An accurate plat showing location and surface elevation of proposed
injection well site, surface features, property boundaries, and surface and min-
eral ownership (2 inches per mile).
(b) A map indicating location of water wells and all other wells, mines, or
artificial penetrations, including but not limited to oil and gas wells and explor-
atory or test wells, showing depths, elevations and the deepest formation pene-
trated within the expected zone of influence of the proposed project. Exhaustive
search shall be made to locate such penetrations. Well and abandonment
records for all oil and gas tests, and water wells should accompany the map
(c) A map indicating vertical and lateral limits of potable water supplies
which would include surface water supplies and subsurface aquifers containing
water with less than 10.000 ppm total solids, as well as available amounts and
present and potential uses of these waters.
(d) Mineral resources present or believed to be present in area of project and
the effect of this project on present or potential mineral resources in the area
(e) Maps and cross sections illustrating detailed geologic structure and a
stratigraphic section (including formations, lithology. and physical character-
istics) for the local area and generalized maps and cross sections illustrating the
regional geologic setting of the project.
(0 Description of the chemical, physical, and biological properties and char-
acteristics of the fluids to be injected.
(g) Maps of the polentiometnc surface of the injection horizon proposed
injection well and those aquifers immediately above and below the miection
horizon and copies of all drill-stem tests, extrapolations and data used in
making such maps
(h) Location and nature of present or potentially useable minerals from the
zone of influence.
(i) Volume, rate, and injection pressure of the fluid.
0) The following geological and physical characteristics of the injection inter-
val and the overlying and underlying impermeable barriers should he deter-
mined and submitted.
(1) thickness;
(2) a real extent,
(3) lithology;
(4) gram minerology:
(5) type and minerology of matrix:
(6) clay content.
(7) clay minerology:
(8) effective porosity (including an explanation of how determined).
(9) permeability (including an explanation of how this was determined).
(10) coefficient of storage of aquifer.
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28 Toxic Waste Disposal Act
(II) amouni and extent of natural fracturing (if practicably determinable):
(12) location, extent and effects of known or suspected faulting:
(13) extent and effects of natural solution channels (if practicably determi-
nable);
(14) fluid saturation;
(IS) formation fluid chemistry (including local and regional variations),
(16) temperature of formation (including an explanation of how deter-
mined).
(17) formation and fluid pressures (including original and modifications
resulting from previous fluid withdrawals),
(18) fracturing gradients;
(19) osmotic characteristics of rock and fluids both comprising and con-
tiguous to the reservoir;
(20) diffusion and dispersion characteristics of the waste and the formation
fluid including effect of gravity segregation;
(21) compatibility of injected waste with the physical, chemical, and biolo-
gical characteristics of the reservoir; and
(22) injectivity profiles.
(k) The following engineering data shall be supplied:
(I) diameter of hole and estimated total depth of well;
(2) type, size, weight, and strength of all surface, intermediate, and in-
jection casing strings;
(3) specifications and proposed installation of tubing and packers;
(4) proposed cementing procedures and type of cement;
(5) proposed coring program;
(6) proposed formation testing program;
(7) proposed logging program;
(8) proposed artificial fracturing or stimulation program,
(9) proposed injection procedure;
(10) plans of the surface and subsurface construction details of the system
including a diagrammatic sketch of the system (including but not limited to
pumps, well head construction, and casing depth);
(II) plans for monitoring,
(12) expected changes in pressure, rale of native fluid displacement by
injected fluid, directions of dispersion, and 7one affected by the project.
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
The Council of State Governments (continued)
Other publications potentially relevant to the general topic of
solid waste management and to the specific areas of resource
recovery for energy and hazardous waste management include:
Integration and Coordination of State Environmental
Programs—This report discusses mechanisms by which
states coordinate and manage interrelated environ-
mental programs. Results of a survey of all environ-
mental programs in all 50 states, and of the officials
who operate those programs, are reported. Guidelines
and recommendations for development of closer relation-
ships among environmental programs are presented.
State Environmental Issues Series—Energy Conservation:
Policy Considerations for the States—Results of re-
search sponsored by the National Science Foundation on
the potential for this type of energy policy on the
part of the States. The report reviews the energy prob-
lem from various viewpoints, discusses state policies
aimed at energy conservation, and examines the potential
for energy conservation in the electric utility and
building industries.
Environmental Quality and State Government—Potentia1
State-level activities for improving environmental
quality are discussed, including actions in the areas
of water and air quality, solid waste management, pesti-
cide controls, and consolidation of environmental functions.
22
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
National Association of Counties (NACo)
1735 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 685-9577
Tom Bulger, Solid Waste Project Director
Through this organization materials particularly relevant to
organization and management of resource recovery systems at
the county level are available. Information packets have
been prepared on the following topics: Economic Feasibility
of Resource Recovery, Financing Alternatives for Resource
Recovery, Rural Solid Waste, and Sludge Management. Materials
in these packets include: (1) Briefing memoranda prepared by
NACo summarizing the current state-of-knowledge for some of the
topic areas. (An example of one such briefing memo on financing
of resource recovery is included on the following pages.);
(2) Several reports prepared by NACo: Why Snohomis County Wash-
ington, Developed a County-Wide Solid Waste System; Equipment
Sharing; A Solution for Rural Counties; and Multi-County
Approaches to Solid Waste Recovery; (3) Pertinent materials
from EPA. By sifting through the vast quantity of materials
available from EPA for those most relevant to counties — and
particularly rural areas — and by summarizing current knowledge
in these areas of concern, NACo's research staff can save the
potential user a not-inconsiderable amount of time. NACo also
conducts workshops on solid waste at various times and locations
around the country.
In addition to "repackaging" and disseminating information on
solid waste, this organization also performs research. Their
research foundation (NACoRF), in cooperation with the International
City Management Association (ICMA), is currently developing an
information base regarding county government involvement and
activities in solid waste management. In mid-1976 they conducted
a telephone survey of over 500 county-level governments. The
survey explored four areas of solid waste activities: (1)
sanitary landfill and general operations including intergovernmental
activities, (2) sludge disposal, (3) hazardous waste, and (4)
resource recovery. Questions were asked regarding nature of
activities and involvement in each of these areas, organizations
and management, regulations, difficulties encountered in each of
these areas, sources of financing, and future plans. Results are
currently being tabulated and a report is expected to be ready
soon. This study should fill an important gap in existing
information regarding county-level involvement in this field.
NACo also performs research and special reports under grants from
various government agencies. One such report, prepared for EPA, is
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
included in the materials packet: Basic Issues on Solid Waste
Management Affecting County Government, May 1973. This report
was the result of the work of a 13-member task force of county
officials established by NACo to identify basic issues concerning
solid waste and make recommendations for action.
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[new york avenue, nw. Washington, d.c. 20006 (202) 785-9577
SOLID WASTE INFORMATION * SOLID WASTE INFORMATION * SOLID WASTE INFORMATION
FACT SHEET
FINANCING RESOURCE RECOVERY
Your county is considering resource recovery. You're examining Che
waste stream, analyzing the markets and looking at different technologies,
You are also thinking WHAT KIND OF FINANCING IS AVAILABLE?
This fact sheet gives you brief descriptions of the alternatives
available, and the accompanying materials provide more detailed informa-
tion on financing at the local level. A current listing of solid waste
publications available from the Environmental Protection Agency is also
••eluded.
CURRENT REVENUE FINANCING
Pay-as-you-go
This, the least complex method of financing a capital project, uses
cash from property taxes and/or other revenues. Since cash funds from
these sources are usually limited, they are usually used for very small
projects or portions of larger projects.
Parties involved: locality only
Advantages
• No interest charges
• Avoids special elections
Grants, Revenue Sharing
Disadvantages
Limited source of funds
Little federal money either In Che form of grants or loans, Is
presently available for financing resource recovery porjects. Many com-
munities do use revenue sharing funds to supplement other sources for
capital expenditures. Some states, however, provide planning and con-
struction grants, loans, or other financial assistance.
-25-
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21
Parties involved: locality, state or federal agency
Advantages
• Little or no interest payments •
• No drain on current revenues
• Mo election
Disadvantages
Limited source of funds
SHORT TERM FINANCING
Bank Loans
This device involves borrowing primarily for short term periods, such
as in times of heavy cash payouts when budget reserves are low. The loan
may be paid back when tax revenues are collected. Interest on the payments
is low because payments are, by law, tax free to the bank, and the resulting
savings are passed on to the locality in the form of a low charge.
Parties involved: locality, bank
Advantages
• Simplicity
• Low interest level
Disadvantages
Restricted spending;
loan repayment nay
itself drain budget
LP'"? TERM FINANCING
General Obligation Bonds
This is an arrangement that guarantees repayment of interest and prin-
cipal on the bonds by pledging the full revenue-making capacity^of the
locality. The "full faith and credit" guarantee makes it the lowest interest,
long term borrowing source available to a locality. Interest is tax-exempt.
The bond issue may include more than one project, and often involves many
smaller projects. Minimum issue is $500,000 because of fixed front-end
transaction costs. Debt ceilings, constraints which limit the amount of
general obligation debt a locality may issue vary, but are generally a per-
centage of area property values. Repayment is usually planned by a serial
issue in which principal Is paid back over the full term of the loan.
Voter approval is required on most Issues.
Parties involved: locality, bank or investment banker, bond counsel
Advantages
Lowest Interest charge
lax exempt
Generalized issue; can finance
several projects
Good for smaller communities
with smaller projects
Easy to market
Disadvantages
$500,000 minimum
Funds for one project may
be usurped by another
Only localities with
revenue-making capacity
eligible
Voter approval necessary;
campaigns, much time
often necessary to gain
approval
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3/
Municipal Revenue Bonds
This bond is limited to a single project and is backed only by the
project's revenue. The risk factor is greater than for CO bonds, so the
interest charge is higher. Usually the Issue is negotiated with one
underwriting firm. Bond placement requires a detailed project analysis
risk and revenues. Due to transaction costs, minimum issue is usually
$1 million. The ceiling is unlimited as the project revenues are ex-
pected to pay for the costs.
Parties Involved: locality, bond counsel, Investment banker
Advantages
• Low tax exempt interest
• Voter approval not required
• Project revenues pay for the bond
• Municipal debt ceilings not
involved
• Bond can be used by "authority"
without taxing power
Disadvantages
Limited to one project
$1 million minimum
Detailed analysis nec-
essary
Higher Interest
Long term stable rev-
enue-making project
required
State authorization
necessary in some
cases
P-tVATE FINANCING
Industrial Revenue Bonds and Pollution Control Revenue Bonds
These mechanisms involve a financial arrangement between a locality and
a private firm. The locality, often, the technical owner of the project,
floats the bonds through a special purpose authority. The municipality then
"leases" the project to the firm. The lessee payments are in the amount of
the bond payments made to the bondholder. If the payments are structured as
an "installment sale," the firm can claim tax ownership of the facility.
The firm is then eligible for "accelerated depreciation" or a 7 percent in-
vestment tax credit. These federal tax shields should serve to reduce the
service fees charged to the locality.
Parties Involved: locality, Investment banker, private firm
Advantages
• Voter approval not required
• Low, tax-exempt Interest
• Municipal debt ceilings not Involved
• Private sector Involvement facilitated
Disadvantages
Locality guarantee often
required on amount of
solid waste
IRS ruling required on
tax claim
State and special leg-
islation required to
Issue the bonds
Special legislation re-
quired to enter into
long term private
contract
Long term stable project
required
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Leasing
This has traditionally been a short term mechanism (equipment leasing)
which is now being used on a long term basis Cor land and capital intensive
projects. It consists of a private firm independently financing a project
and then renting it to a locality. Since the locality is not involved in
the financing, drain on local funds is reduced. Usually, there is a higher
user charge than in other arrangements because interest on the funds that
purchased the facility is not tax-exempt.
Parties involved: locality, private firm
Advantages
• No voter approval required
• No local capital required
• Hay be implemented quickly
Disadvantages
Higher, non-tax-exempt,
lease rates
State authorization nec-
essary in some cases
to enter private or
long term contract
Locality has limited
authority over facility.
Ownership of the facil-
ity may be transferred
at the end of the lease
*• raged Leasing
This is a complicated, newly developed arrangement that has not yet been
used for financing solid waste facilities. It involves the locality or the
private sector which finances 60-80 percent of the cost of the project
through a typical borrowing method. The remaining 20-40 percent is furnished
through a leasing arrangement with a high tax bracket financial intermediary
who "buys" the tax advantages of owning the entire facility by providing its
•hare of the funds at a very low Interest rate. The intermediary is con-
sidered to have "purchased" the facility with its investment and future lease
payments. In this way leveraged leasing differs from traditional leasing
because both the locality (or private sector)-and the Intermediary put up
capital. Funds invested by the intermediary allow him to claim ownership for
tax purposes and acquire tax advantages. At the end of the lease, the
locality may have the option to purchase the facility.
Parties Involved: locality, private firm, financial intermediary
Advantages
Initial capital requirement reduced
Can be combined with tax-exempt bonds
Can lower cost of financing
Disadvantages
Complex, new method
Lessor owns his share
of facility; city
subject to his ar-
rangements
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5/
Financing Considerations
Financing in smaller communities is usually through GO bonds; they
allow for the smaller projects to be grouped under one financing. Small
localities seeking other methods often find a high interest charge, be-
cause the small size of their bond issues does not attract investor in-
terest or their credit rating is not comparable to larger communities.
Smaller areas interested in resource recovery may want to consider
a regional arrangement, not only to Increase the financial options
available, but also to obtain a higher volume of recoverable materials
and approach technological economics of scale.
For further information contact:
Kay Stouffer
Research Associate
Solid Waste Project
National Association of Counties
1735 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 785-9577
Robert E. Randol
Operations Research Analyst
Office of Solid Waste Manage-
ment Programs
Environmental Protection Agency
1835 K Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 254-7830
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
National Conference of State Legislatures
Office of Science and Technology
1405 Curtis Street, Suite 2300
Denver, Colorado 80202
(303) S23-6600
Joanna Mack, Research Associate
This office of NCSL publishes a monthly report containing cur-
rent information on Federal and state activities in various
science- and technology-related fields. Included are summaries
of state legislation, new staff capabilities, special programs,
reports, publications, and results of conferences and meetings.
In addition, this office periodically publishes its own reports
on topics of current interest to state legislators, and serves
as a distribution center for reports made available to them by
legislative staff people and others assisting state legislators.
They also publish an "information exchange newsletter" called
"The SST Connection" which is intended to facilitate exchange
of information among legislative staff people concerned with
science and technology issues.
A recent issue of the Office of Science and Technology's
monthly report included a report on a presentation made by
an EPA staff member, Mr. Chris Lehman, on transportation
of hazardous material. This presentation was made before a
meeting of the NCSL Intergovernmental Relations Committee,
Natural Resources Task Force. The summary of this presentation
included in the Office of Science and Technology's Monthly
Report, April 1976, follows. As is apparent in the summary,
this address preceded passage of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976.
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
The following is a summary of Mr. Chris Lehman's presentation
before the National Conference of State Legislators Intergov-
enrmental Relations Committee, Natural Resources Task Force,
as published in the NCSL Office of Science and Technology's
April 1976 newsletter, pages 14 and 15.
EPA is authorized by the 1965 Solid Waste Act to
serve in an advisory capacity only to make recommendations,
formulate guidelines and model laws.
EPA is currently working on PCB disposal guidelines
and general pesticides disposal guidelines. EPA has
done 13 industrial hazardous waste studies grouped by
state and region for each industry. EPA is supposed to
issue a model state hazardous waste law in 2-3 months,
and is preparing a directory of all U.S. hazardous waste
disposal sites.
Pending Federal Legislation
S2150 (Solid Waste Utilization Act}
- EPA would be required to define and specify
harmful quantity for hazardous wastes.
- Grants would be provided for state programs
pending their development within three years.
- Grants would also be provided for state/local
implementation.
- EPA would develop permit program within 24
months of enactment.
Questions asked
What financial incentives can be used for encou-
raging proper disposal?
- Tax incentives, exchange programs and recycling
are supported by EPA.
- In Europe high disposal charges make exchange and
recovery of wastes preferable.
- Example — Oregon companies are licensed for dis-
posal or hazardous waste, but the only profitable
type of disposal is that of radioactive wastes.
Companies dispose of chemical wastes as a favor.
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Organizations
Counterpart Affiliations
What will EPA model legislation be?
- EPA feels authority should rest as state level
- Wants to require reporting of hazardous waste
generation
- Wants to require reporting of hazardous waste
transportation, especially interstate
- Wants to require control of storage and disposal
- Will probably recommend state hazardous waste
advisory commission (successful in California)
- Presently California and EPA developing EDP system
to keep track of hazardous wastes
What are some states doing in hazardous waste?
- In California user disposal surcharge fees pay
for the program (fee by ton)
- In Delaware a state solid waste authority has
been formed, and state recycling plan is in the
works (DE has 1968 landfill resolution)
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Organizations
Publications Staff Specialists
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
The following publications cover the environmental field from a national
perspective, and could serve as good starting points for getting an overview
of current environmental concerns. Individuals on their staffs who cover
the areas of resource recovery and hazardous waste management are listed
below. In addition to serving as potential information sources, these
individuals can also serve as contact points for national dissemination of
information about new state or local legislation or programs.
National Journal
1730 M Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Dick Kirschten
(202) 857-1400
Congressional Quarterly
1414 22nd Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Bob Rankin
(202) 296-6800
Environmental Reporter
1231 25th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Managing Editor: Bud Ward
(202) 452-4367
Mr. Ward will direct inquiries to the appropriate staff person.
In addition to these general publications in the environmental field,
which carry articles and special reports on resource recovery and hazardous
waste management, there are a number of periodicals which regularly run
articles regarding these two areas of concern, the staffs of which may
be able to help direct an inquirer to specialized individuals or organ-
izations in the field. Some of these periodicals are listed below.
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Organizations
Publications Staff Specialists
Resource Recovery — Energy
Professional Engineer
Environmental Science and Technology
Compost Science (Has run articles on methane gas recovery.)
Energy Source
Engineering News Record
Public Power
Combustion
Solid Waste Management
Waste Age
Power
Engineering Journal
Plant Engineering (Has run articles on using waste as industrial
fuel.)
Chemical Engineering
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Organizations
Publications Staff Specialists
Hazardous Waste Management and Hazardous Waste Disposal
Development Forum
Ground Water
Solid Wastes Management
Environmental Science and Technology
Waste Age
Sierra Club Bulletin
American Laboratory
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Engineering News
Commerce Today
Pollution Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Chemical Week
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Organizations
Trade or industry
Associations
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
There are a few organizations with a specific trade or industry orientation
which are generally concerned with the environment but not solely with any
one aspect of the environment. Two such organizations whose concerns in-
clude solid waste are:
Chamber of Commerce of the United States
Natural Resources, Environment and Energy Section
1615 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20062
(202) 659-6174
David Lukin, Director
The Chamber is a federation of individuals and organizations
involved in the business world, including trade and professional
associations and local, state and regional chambers of commerce.
Information is available on air, water and noise pollution,
solid waste disposal and toxic substances. The Chamber dis-
seminates information on new or pending Federal legislation
and how new regulations affect individual members, and responds
to inquiries.
National Environmental Development Association
550 National Press Building
529 14th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20045
(202) 638-1230
Thomas A. Young, President
Membership of this organization is comprised of corporations,
labor unions, individuals and organizations. The Association
provides information on balancing economic and environmental
needs.
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Organizations
Trade or Industry
Associations
Resource Recovery — Energy
The following organizations are information resources with an orientation
toward the resource recovery and/or energy industries:
Edison Electric Institute
1140 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-8597
Sue Lerner, Environmental Economist, Washington Office
(Headquartered in New York)
Electric power companies and electric utility holding companies
make up the membership of this organization. Activities in-
clude studying the economics of environmental controls in the
electric industry, providing industry statistics, and publishing
an index of environmental information materials.
Electric Power Research Institute
1750 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 872-9222
Robert L. Loftness, Director, Washington Office
(Headquartered in Palo Alto, California)
Private and public electric utilities support this nonprofit
research organization. Research is conducted on all aspects
of energy of interest to electric utilities.
National Association of Electric Companies
1140 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-3460
David Toll, Director
Investor-owned electric utilities form the membership of this
organization, which conducts research on rates, corporate
development, and general research and development in the field.
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Organizations
Trade or Industry
Associations
American Public Power Association
2600 Virginia Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037
(202) 333-9400
Alex Radin, General Manager
Local, publicly-owned electric utilities form this organization's
membership. The Association provides technical assistance to
members, including information on rates, corporate regulation,
and research and development.
National Center for Resource Recovery Inc.
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-6154
Rocco Petrone, President
This is a research organization founded by firms concerned
with the packaging industry. Funded by contributions and
government contracts, it assists industry and municipalities
with solid waste problems.
Hazardous Waste
National Agricultural Chemicals Association
1155 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 296-1585
Parke C. Brinkley, President
This is an organization of pesticide manufacturers which
publish information on pesticide safety, development, and
use.
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Organizations
Professional Associations
and Learned Societies
Resource Recovery
Renewable Natural Resources Foundation
5400 Grosvenor Lane
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
(301) 897-8720
This is a nonprofit, charitable foundation of professional
scientific-educational societies engaged in research,
education and information dissemination to assist in policy
formulation relating to renewable resources. Member societies
include the American Fisheries Society, the Society of American
Foresters, the National Wildlife Federation, the American Water
Resources Association, and a number of other environment-related
societies and institutions.
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Organizations
Professional Associations
and Learned Societies
Hazardous Waste
American Public Health Association
1015 18th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 467-5000
William H. McBeath, Executive Director
This is an organization of community and public health pro-
fessionals, including physicians, dentists, nurses, industrial
hygienists, educators, engineers, environmentalists, social
workers and pharmacists. Among the concerns of the Association
are establishment of standards for scientific procedures in the
public health field, and providing information on health effects
of certain environmental contaminants on specific populations —
for example, the effects of vinyl chloride and arsenic on indus-
trial populations.
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Universities
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama 36830
(205) 826-4000
Cooperative Fishery Unit
Dr. John S. Ramsey, Leader
Fisheries and Allied ftguacultures
Dr. E. W. Shell, Head
These individuals would be good contacts for information on
the state-of-knowledge regarding the effect of hazardous
wastes discharged into waters with significant fish popu-
lations. In addition, since this department offers advanced
degrees to the Ph.D. level, it is possible current graduate
researchers would be quite up-to-date on material in this
field. The same would be true for the following two de-
partments, forestry and wildlife.
Forestry
Professor Wilbur B. DeVall, Head
Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit
Dr. Daniel H. Speake, Leader
Wildlife
Dr. K. L. Hays, Head
Water Resources Research Institute
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama 36830
This institute within the university does research on water
resources and quality issues, particularly with respect to the
State of Alabama itself. The institute publishes the Water
Resources Research Institute Bulletin (WRRI), with current
information and references on topics in this field. This
Institute should serve as a useful source for information
on measurement of and problems associated with hazardous
wastes in water supplies.
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Universities
University of Alabama
P. 0. Box 6171
University, Alabama 35486
(205) 348-4520
Natural Resources Center
This Center conducts research and publishes results
concerning a wide-range of Alabama's natural resources
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Organizations
Public Interest Groups
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
Resources for the Future
1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 462-4400
Walter Spofford, Director of Quality and the Environment Section
This is a nonprofit research organization funded by foundations.
Areas of research include conservation and development of natural
resources, air and water pollution, solid waste disposal, pesti-
cides, and toxic substances. Emphasis is on economic analysis.
League of Women Voters of the United States, Education Fund
1730 M Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 296-1770
Lois Sharpe, Department Coordinator
Environmental Quality Section
This is the nonprofit educational section of the League.
Information is collected and disseminated on a number of
environmental issues, including air and water pollution, solid
waste disposal and recovery, and toxic substances. (Some
materials from the League regarding resource recovery are
included in the materials section.)
Environmental Action Foundation
1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 659-9682
Richard Munson, Director
This nonprofit organization is funded by private foundations
and government contracts. Areas of concern include environ-
mental and economic impact of public utilities, solid waste
and resource recovery, visual environmental impacts, and toxic
substances.
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Organizations
Public Interest Groups
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste, continued
Friends of the Earth
529 Commercial Street
San Francisco, California 94111
(415) 391-4270
620 C Street, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20003
(202) 543-4312
Jeffrey Knight, Legislative Director
This group promotes preservation of natural resources and
provides information on pesticides and other toxic substances,
and solid waste disposal, as well as a number of other
subject areas.
Sierra Club
530 Bush Street
San Francisco, California 94108
(215) 981-8634
324 C Street, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20003
(202) 547-1144
Brock Evans, Director
This citizens' interest group has chapters coast-to-coast,
and is dedicated to protection and conservation of the
world's natural resources. Information is available on a
wide-range of environmental topics. The Washington office
follows national and regional legislation.
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Organizations
Public Interest Groups
Hazardous Waste
Rachel Carson Trust for the Living Environment Inc.
8940 Jones Mill Road
Chevy Chase, Maryland 20015
(301) 652-1877
Shirley A. Briggs, Executive Director
This nonprofit educational organization is funded by contri-
butions, and provides information about uses of pesticides
and the effects of chemical contaminants on public health.
National Resources Defense Council
917 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 737-5000
Marjorie Walbridge, Office Manager
This nonprofit environmental organization is staffed by lawyers
and scientists who do research and initiate litigation on toxic
substances and air, water, and ozone pollution.
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Referral Services
Resource Recovery— Energy and Hazardous Waste
Model Interstate Scientific and Technical Information
Clearinghouse, (MISTIC)
National Conference of State Legislatures
Office of Science and Technology
1405 Curtis Street
23rd Floor
Denver, Colorado 80202
Joanna Mack, MISTIC Coordinator
MISTIC is an information and referral service performed for
state legislators by NCSL. Five Federal agencies have a MISTIC
contact person who acts as a referral and reference source for
legislators needing information in that particular field. The
five agencies are National Science Foundation, Energy Research
and Development Administration, National Bureau of Standards,
Department of Transportation, and National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. Information is also available for other states,
through the cooperation of legislative staff people involved in
those repsective areas, as well as from other agencies and organ-
izations through informal cooperation.
Resource Recovery
As an example of the type- of assistance in the area of resource
recovery available from MISTIC, the following description
of MISTIC's response to one such inquiry is taken from NCSL's
report, "Linking State Legislatures and the Scientific and
Technical Community: An Evaluation of MISTIC's First Year,"
February 1976:
A Vermont legislator requested information on parameters and
costs of resource recovery programs for a state with a scattered
rural population. The question was referred to one of MISTIC's
contacts, Mr. Jim Breithaupt, Special Assistant on Solid Waste
for.the Council of State Governments. In his response, Mr.
Breithaupt outlined the factors to consider and asked the
National Center for Resource Recovery to contact the legislator
with more information. Initial indications were that Vermont
might have too small a population to support a state resource
recovery program, but that one possibility would be to join
with another state in formulating and operating such a program.
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Referral Services
Hazardous Waste
As an example of the type of assistance MISTIC has rendered in
the area of hazardous waste, the following example is taken from
the NCSL report cited above:
The State of Kentucky Hazardous Waste Agency inquired as to
the Federal definitions of hazardous waste, existing state regu-
lations concerning hazardous waste, and what methods of control
were available. MISTIC obtained the EPA, DOT and NBS definitions
of hazardous waste, various state definitions and a list of
specific substances identified by the State of Illinois as haz-
ardous. Research at that time indicated that state approaches
to hazardous waste management and disposal varied widely.
Minnesota and Illinois had relatively comprehensive programs,
while other states handled the problem on more of an ad hoc
basis. Some states licensed haulers and disposal site operators.
EPA's Office of Solid Waste Management was identified as the
Federal agency most involved with this area of concern.
Since MISTIC handled this request, Federal legislation concerning
hazardous waste has been passed. In order to comply with this
new legislation, states will need better information concerning
hazardous substances, wastes, management and disposal. MISTIC
will undoubtedly be handling an increasing number of requests for
this type of information.
In addition, the NCSL Office of Science and Technology is presently
in the process of preparing a decisionmakers brief on the transpor-
tation of hazardous materials. This brief will provide information
on state legislation, policy issues, Federal activities, and other
related information.
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Referral Services
Resource Recovery—Energy and Hazardous Waste
National Referral Center
Science and Technology Division
Library of Congress
10 First Street, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20540
(202) 426-5670
The National Referral Center serves as a referral source for
anyone who needs to know whom to contact to get a particular
type of information. In response to written or telephoned
requests, the Center will prepare a listing of agencies,
organizations, and individuals specializing in the type of
information requested. There is no charge for this service.
Since the Center is concerned primarily with people and
organizations, it does not refer inquiries to books, journals,
or other bibliographic sources. However, if appropriate to
a request, the Center will furnish titles of abstract journals,
indexes, and directories. In addition, the Center will refer
bibliographic information requests to other divisions of the
Library of Congress which will in turn respond with biblio-
graphic information.
In addition to custom referral information, the Referral Center
prepares referral compilations on various topics of current
interest. Copies of these listings are readily available from
the Center, as is a current list of topics on which compilations
have been prepared. Two examples of referral compilations
relating to the two areas being searched for the present study
— resource recovery and hazardous waste — are included
following this page: (1) "Selected Information Resources on
Solid Wastes," and (2) "Selected Information Resources on
Hazardous Materials."
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SL 72-6
Revised March 1975
NATIONAL REFERRAL CENTER
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Washington, D.C.' 20540
SELECTED INFORMATION RESOURCES ON SOLID WASTES
Technical Information Staff (AW562) (N11963)
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1835 K Street, N.W., Room 808
Washington, D,C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 254-7496
The Office's Technical Information Staff answers inquiries in
all aspects of solid waste management, including the recycling and
reclamation of solid wastes and citizen education. It has published
Solid Waste Management: Available Information Materials (1973),
as well as directories, technology transfer reports, audiovisual
materials, and publications for the concerned citizen. Publications
may be ordered from the Solid Waste Information Control Section,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 5555 Ridge Road, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268 (Telephone: 513/684-8491).
Solid Waste Information Retrieval System (Rl)
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 2365
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Telephone: (202) 254-7438
SWIRS is an automated information retrieval system containing
over 31,000 abstracts from the world's periodical, nonperiodical,
and patent literature in the field of solid waste management.
Literature-searching services are available, and are described in
the Users' Guide to the Solid Waste Information Retrieval System
Thesaurus (1973) and in Information Retrieval Services of EPA's
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs (1972).
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-2-
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Laboratory (N8574)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5555 Ridge Road
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Telephone: (513) 684-4477
Among the interests of the Laboratory are research leading to
a basis for solid waste management regulatory programs, research
leading to improved municipal waste management practices, develop-
ment and evaluation of resource recovery technologies to provide
options for energy and materials recovery, hazardous waste fixation
and chemical detoxification studies, and other solid waste research,
including gas leachate, soil migration, pesticide treatment and
control, and fixation encapsulation studies. Inquiries will be
answered, and other services provided, as time permits.
Salt Lake City Metallurgy Research Center (N2309)
Bureau of Mines
U.S. Department of the Interior
1600 East First South Street
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
Telephone: (801) 524-5350
The Center conducts research on special metals and maintains a
research program on the recovery of useful products from solid indus-
trial wastes and scrap automobiles. Information will be provided as
time permits.
Energy Research Center (N10113)
U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration
4800 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Telephone: (412) 892-2400
Research on the conversion of municipal and industrial refuse
into useful materials by pyrolysis has been conducted by the Center.
Information and document services will be provided on request.
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-3-
Environmental Planning and Assessment Staff (N7665)
Division of Environmental Planning
U.S. Tennessee Valley Authority
401 Building, Room 272
Chattanooga, Tennessee 37401
Telephone: (615) 755-3147
The Staff conducts research on solid wastes disposal, dust, fly-
ash and bottom ash from coal fired steam plants, pyrolysis of hazardous
and toxic materials, revegetation of filled-ash ponds, and leachate
studies in sanitary landfills. Information will be provided on request.
U.S. Council on Environmental Quality (N10916)
722 Jackson Place, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: (202) 382-1235
The mission of the Council is to coordinate and explain federal
environmental policy to the public. It publishes the 102 Monitor
(monthly) and an annual report, Environmental Quality. Resource
Recovery: The State of Technology was prepared for the Council by
the Midwest Research Institute (1973).
National Solid Wastes Management Association (N12636)
1730 Rhode Island Avenue, N,W., Suite 800
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 659-4613
The Association is a professional and industry organization
interested in the collection and disposal of all types of waste
materials, the processing and reclamation of secondary materials,
the specialized handling of commercial/industrial wastes, and the
manufacture of mobile collection, stationary compaction, and
oricessing landfill equipment. Monthly Technical Bulletins are pub-
lished. The Association answers inquiries, provides consulting ser-
vices, makes referrals to other sources of information, conducts semi-
nars and national surveys, and maintains a speakers bureau.
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National Center for Resource Recovery (N11378)
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 800
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 223-6154
The Center is a technical research organization interested in
extracting resources from municipal wastes. It publishes a quarterly
Bulletin, answers inquiries, and suggests other organizations for
additional information.
National Association of Recycling Industries, Inc. (N9805)
330 Madison Avenue
New York, new York 10017
Telephone: (212) 867-7330
The Association sponsors research and provides information and
consulting services on the reuse of solid waste (scrap metal) ma-
terials. Questions which cannot be answered will be referred to co-
operating members for reply. A pamphlet, Guidelines for Effective
Recycling, is available.
Solid Waste Recycling Information Service (R2)
National Association of Recycling Industries, Inc.
330 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10017
Telephone: (212) 867-7330
The Service provides guidance to state, municipal, and county of-
ficials involved in solid waste management and environmental problems.
Incinerator Institute of America (N3172)
2425 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, Virginia 22201
Telephone: (703) 520-0663
The Institute provides information and consulting services on in-
cinerators and solid waste disposal. Reference services are available,
and publications are sold.
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-5-
Mr. S. A. bortz (R3)
Mechanics and Materials Division
IIT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
Telephone: (312) 225-9630, Ext. 4747
Research on high temperature incineration is being conducted
by the Division.
Center for Urban Environmental Studies (N10537)
Polytechnic Institute of New York
333 Jay Street
Brooklyn, New York 11201
Telephone: (212) 643-2124
The Center is interested in such aspects of solid wastes as
incineration and other disposal methods. It is developing a computer
system for street litter (street sweeping) analyses.
National Environmental Health Association (N1812)
1600 Pennsylvania Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Telephone: (303) 832-1550
Information is disseminated primarily through the Association's
publications, including the Journal of Environmental Health (bimonthly)
Minimal fees may be charged for publications and materials.
Keep America Beautiful, Inc. (N4386)
99 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10016
Telephone: (212) 682-4564
Keep America Beautiful is a nonpartisan, public service organi-
zation working with citizen groups, government agencies, academic
institutions, and private industry to stimulate involvement in im-
proving the environment. Research on litter control and littering
behavior is conducted.
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Department of Environmental Systems Engineering (N9193)
Clemson University
Rhodes Center
Clemson, South Carolina 29631
Telephone: (803) 656-3276
The Department performs research on the disposal of wastes, pri-
marily solid wastes. It publishes training manuals for treatment plant
operators. Information and consulting services are provided as time
permits.
Solid Waste Processing Division (R4)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
United Engineering Center
345 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 10017
Telephone: (212) 752-6800
The Division is interested in systems for disposing and the proc-
essing of solid wastes, including industrial and liquid industrial
wastes. Requests for information on these topics will be answered
or referred to member specialists for reply. Conferences are held
regularly, and the proceedings are published.
Midwest Research Institute (N8493)
425 Volker Boulevard
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
Telephone: (816) 561-0202
Among the activities of the Midwest Research Institute are re-
search projects in such areas of solid wastes as the use of refuse
for energy, technology assessment of solid wastes, solid waste manage-
ment, and solid wastes in water. Research results are disseminated by
the contract sponsor, but brief inquiries will be answered.
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Environment Information Center (N10915)
124 East 39th Street
New York, New York 10016
Telephone: (212) 685-4826
EIC publishes Environment Information Access, a current-awareness
service covering more than 400 scholarly, scientific, technical,
and general periodicals and major newspapers. Services are available
only to subscribers, and include answers to inquiries and reference,
literature-searching, and duplication services.
Aluminum Recycling Association (N2758)
1775 K Street, N.W., Suite 215
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: (202) 785-0550
The Association's membership is composed of secondary metals
dealers who sell scrap aluminum. Its services are primarily for spon-
sors, and are provided to others as time and regulations permit.
Rubber Reclaimers Association (PN10091)
c/o Mr. T. H. Fitzgerald, Secretary-Treasurer
63 Radnor Avenue
Naugatuck, Connecticut 06770
Telephone: (203) 729-2460
The membership of the Association is composed of converters of
scrap rubber and tires into reclaimed rubber by mechanical and chemi-
cal processes. Commercial standards on scrap rubber and technical
bulletins on reclaimed rubber use are published. The Association main-
tains a solid waste committee to which inquiries will be referred.
Disposal Group (N225)
Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.
250 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10017
Telephone: (212) 687-2675
Information on the disposal of plastic materials is provided by
the Group, which also suggests cooperating members for more extensive
consultation.
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Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper (N248)
Industry
1 Dunwoody Plaza
Atlanta, Georgia 30341
Telephone: (404) 394-6130
The Association answers technical inquiries or refers them to
qualified members for reply. It publishes TAPPI (monthly). A
special committee on secondary fiber pulping provides information on
the deinking and reuse and disposal of waste paper.
Concerned Waste Paper Dealers of Chicago (N10634)
333 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60601
Telephone: (312) 332-3006
Consulting services are provided on a contract basis, but informa-
tion is available to the public without charge. The organization has
published Ecological Management Through Recycling.
Concern, Inc. (Ml1544)
2233 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007
Telephone: (202) 965-0066
Concern is a nonprofit, tax exempt organization dedicated to environ-
mental education and consumer action. In addition to A Recycling Center
Plan, it has published a series of pocket-size consumer guides, Eco-Tips,
of which the third dealt with solid wastes. Requests for publications
should be accompanied by a large self-addressed, stamped envelope.
Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality (N13910)
309 West Washington Street
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Telephone: (312) 793-3870
The mission of the Institute is to provide state and municipal
governments with the expertise necessary to deal with environmental
and conservation problems. Its Solid Waste Program assists state
regulatory agencies in drafting proposed regulations, preparing manage-
ment strategies, providing technical assistance, and acquiring expert
input for all solid waste regulatory proposals. A quarterly newsletter
is published, and an on-line legislative bill tracing system is main-
tained for the state legislature.
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Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel (N771)
1729 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: (202) 298-7660
The Institute provides information on the generation, consumption, uses,
marketing, and processing of scrap iron and steel. It publishes a yearbook,
standards, specifications, directory, and proceedings of conferences. It sug-
gests cooperating members for consultation on extensive problems.
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NRG SWITCHBOARD
Notional Referral Center, Science and Technology Division
Library of Congress, 10 First Street SE., Washington, D.C. 20540
Telephone: (202) 426-5670
SELECTED INFORMATION RESOURCES ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SL 72-3 Revised April 1976
Transportation, handling, and storage
Office of Hazardous Materials (N79L5)
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Environment,
Safety, and Consumer Affairs
U.S. Department of Transportation
2100 Second St. SV.
Washington, D.C. 20590
Telephone: (202) 426-0656
The Office consults with and advises shippers, carriers, govern-
ment agencies, and the general public on all phases of shipping and
transportation of hazardous materials, and informs participants on the
formulation, promulgation, and administration of the hazardous
materials regulations. Publications include notices of proposed
rule-making and amendments and the Code of Federal Regulations. Title
49-Transportation (parts 100-199).
National Transportation Safety Board (N9686)
800 Independence Ave. SW.
Washington, D.C. 20594
Telephone: (202) 426-8169
The Board performs and sponsors special safety studies and acci-
dent reports pertaining to aviation, highway, pipeline, railway, and
marine transportation accidents and related subjects. It prepares
statistical compilations of selective data and permits onsite use of
its collections. Fees are charged for some services.
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Coll or write NRC for free referral service tailored to your needs
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Transportation Safety Institute (N12466)
U.S. Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, Okla. 73125
Telephone: (405) 686-2153
The Institute performs research on accident prevention in all
modes of transportation; cargo security; risk management; hazardous
materials transportation; and related areas. It answers inquiries and
provides copies of publications generated by the staff.
CHEMTBEC—Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (Rl)
Manufacturing Chemists Association
1825 Connecticut Ave. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20009
Telephone: (800) 424-9300 (day or night, toll free)
(202) 483-7616 (Alaska, Hawaii, and local calls)
This service provides assistance in any transportation emergency
involving chemicals. It is not a general source of information on
chemical properties, toxicology, sources of supply, etc. CHEMTREC
first provides instructions to the scene of the emergency, then
contacts the shipper of the chemicals or other appropriate offices and
passes responsibility for the shipment on to them.
United Parcel Service (R2)
643 West 43d St.
New York, N.Y. 10036
UPS has published a Guide for Handling Hazardous Materials.
including specifications for shipping containers. The material is in
loose-leaf form for continuous updating, and information on its
availability will be provided.
Railway Systems and Management Association (RSMA) (N13914)
181 East Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, 111. 60611
Telephone: (312) 943-5542
The handling and transportation of hazardous materials is a major
concern of RSMA, which publishes Chemical Transportation Safety Index
and Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities. It also
publishes Railway Management Review (quarterly). RSMA answers
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inquiries, provides reference services, conducts seminars on a fee
basis, sells publications, and makes referrals to other sources of
information.
Nail Classification Division (R3)
U.S. Postal Service
475 L1Enfant Plaza, Room 1610
Washington, D.C. 20260
Telephone: (202) 245-4540
The Division establishes standards for what can be sent through
the mails and how it should be packaged. Information is furnished on
request.
Cargo and Hazardous Materials Division (N6407)
Office of Merchant Marine Safety (GMHM-83)
U.S. Coast Guard
400 Seventh St. SW.
Washington, D.C. 20590
Telephone: (202) 426-2297
The Division publishes Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by
Water (CG 388), regulations, circulars, and technical notes. It an-
swers inquiries and makes referrals to other sources of information.
Maritime Research Information Service (MRIS) (N10849)
Division of Engineering
National Academy of Sciences--National Research Council
2101 Constitution Ave. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Telephone: (202) 389-6687
MRIS collects and abstracts publications related to all aspects
of ships and shipping (e.g., navigation, maritime affairs, trade) and
publishes the MRIS Bulletin from computer tape records. It provides
literature searching services on a fee basis.
American Institute of Merchant Shipping (N856)
1625 K St. NW., Suite 1000
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: (202) 783-6440
The Institute answers inquiries on all phases of the shipping
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Industry--worldwide, but with primary focus on shipping under the U.S.
flag; international activities; legislation; technical developments;
safety aspects; oil pollution; tankers; and the safe transport of
hazardous cargo. Services are provided primarily to member companies
and approved individuals.
Chemical Committee on Transportation by Water (N143)
American Petroleum Institute
2101 L St. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20037
Telephone: (202) 457-7099
Concerned with the safe transportation of oil and petroleum
products by tankers, and with oil spills, wastes, and related areas,
the Committee answers inquiries or suggests other sources, including
cooperating members, for consultation.
Air Cargo, Inc. (R4)
1730 Rhode Island Ave. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 293-2222
This organization provides Information and documents on all
aspects of air cargo transport, including the safe handling and ship-
ping of hazardous materials.
Aerospace Safety Research and Data Institute (N11217)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Lewis Research Center
21000 Brookpark Rd.
Cleveland, Ohio 44135
Telephone: (216) 433-4000, Ext. 285 or 453
The Institute maintains a computerized safety data bank. Inquiries
are answered; consulting, reference, literature-searching, and duplica-
tion services are provided; onsite use of the collection is permitted;
and referrals are made to other sources of information. Services are
available to NASA, to Government agencies and their contractors, and
to the aerospace community.
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Air Transport Association of America (N278)
1709 New York Ave. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: (202) 872-4000
The Association provides information on historical, economic,
legal, and statistical aspects of air transportation. Its Library
contains the annual reports and house organs of the U.S. scheduled
airlines as well as other materials pertinent to transport. The
Association publishes Air Transport Facts and Figures (annual).
The Material Handling Institute, Inc. (MHI) (N1260)
1326 Freeport Rd.
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15238
Telephone: (412) 782-1624
Concerned with every type of Industrial material handling equip-
ment and its use, the Institute answers inquiries, rents films, and
publishes MHI News (3 issues a year); College Industry Committee on
Material Handling Education News (3 issues a year); pamphlets; stand-
ards and specifications; and filmstrips.
National Agricultural Chemicals Association (N9172)
1155 15th St. Ntf.
Washington, D.C. 20005
Telephone: (202) 296-1585
The Association answers inquiries and provides consulting services
in the fields of agricultural chemistry, pesticides, and toxicology.
It suggests cooperating members for extensive services, and operates a
Pesticide Safety Team Network to dispatch personnel and equipment to
the scene of a pesticide accident.
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Chemicals, toxicology, and pesticides
Toxicology Information Response Center (TIRC) (N11272)
Information Center Complex
Information Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box X
Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830
Telephone: (615) 483-8611, Ext. 31433
TIRC is sponsored by the Toxicology Information Program of the
National Library of Medicine to establish a national and inter-
national center of toxicological information. It publishes bibliog-
raphies, abstracts, and indexes; answers inquiries; provides current-
awareness, reference, literature-searching, and abstracting and
indexing services; permits onsite use of its collections; and makes
referrals to other sources of information. Fees are charged for
services involving searches of the literature and the MEDLINE, TOXLINE,
and ORNL computerized data bases.
Toxic Materials Information Center (N11499)
Environmental Information Systems Office
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box X
Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830
Telephone: (615) 483-8611, Ext. 31639
The Center's mission is to establish a data base on environmental
levels of toxic materials. Toxic metals are emphasized, but synthetic
and natural organic compounds are also covered. Inquiries are answered
and state-of-the-art reviews are prepared.
Toxicology Information Program (N11366)
National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Md. 20014
Telephone: (301) 496-1131
This on-line computer-based storage and retrieval information
system contains citations and abstracts from the Toxieity Bibliography.
the Pesticide Abstract. Chemical Biological Activities. International
Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Health Effects of Environmental Pollut-
ants. The Program publishes reports, directories, bibliographies,
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abstracts, and indexes; answers inquiries; provides reference, litera-
ture-searching, abstracting, and indexing services; and makes referrals
to other sources of information.
Poison Control Program (N2417)
Bureau of Drugs
Food and Drug Administration
5401 Westbard Ave.
Betheada, Md. 20016
Telephone: (301) 496-7691
The Program (formerly the National Clearinghouse for Poison
Control Centers) is concerned with poisoning from household products
and drugs or medicine. It provides affiliated poison control centers
with information regarding antidotes and ingredients of products. The
affiliated centers provide the medical profession information con-
cerning prevention and treatment of accidents involving ingest!on of
poisonous and potentially poisonous substances. The Program publishes
Bulletin of the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers
(bimonthly) and Directory of Poison Control Centers.
Publication and Technical Literature Section (N6696)
Technical Services Division
Office of Pesticides Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M St. SW.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 426-2432
The Section answers inquiries and provides reference and litera-
ture-searching services on the effects of pesticides on human health.
It maintains a collection of index cards to the pesticide literature
and publishes Pesticides Abstract and the Pesticides Monitoring Journal.
Onsite use of the collection is permitted.
Pesticides Registration Division (N8634)
Office of Pesticides Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M St. SW.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 426-2601
The Division answers letters of inquiry about the status of
pesticide uses under the provisions of the Federal Insecticide,
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Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. which requires the registration and
proper labeling of pesticides prior to interstate shipment and pro-
vides for post marketing surveillance of products to determine com-
pliance vlth the Act. Information is provided on pesticide toxicology,
residue tolerances, analytical standards, and chemical methodology.
Industrial Health Foundation, Inc. (N9249)
5231 Centre Ave.
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15232
Telephone: (412) 687-2100
The Foundation answers inquiries in the fields of industrial
hygiene, environmental and occupational health, aerosols, carcinogens,
dust, fumes, gases, hazardous chemicals, environmental pollutants,
irritants, and related areas. It publishes the Industrial Hygiene
Digest (monthly), bulletins in chemical-toxicological series, and
other materials. Services are primarily for members, but are extended
to others as time permits. Fees are charged for extensive services.
Environmental Mutagen Information Center (N10213)
Environmental Information System Office
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box Y
Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830
Telephone: (615) 483-8611, Ext. 35473
The Center collects and systematizes published works on chemical
mutagenesis (radiation is excluded). The data is computerized and
indexed by organism and agent. Specific inquiries are answered and
state-of-the-art reports are prepared.
Chemical Hygiene Fellowship (N9349)
Carnegie-Mellon Institute of Research
Carnegie-Me11on University
4400 Fifth Ave.
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213
Telephone: (412) 327-1020
The Fellowship is interested in the area of chemical contaminants.
It publishes journal articles; answers brief inquiries free; provides
consulting services on a cost basis; and makes interlibrary loans from
its holdings of books, periodicals, and reports.
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Trace Level Research Institute (N1561)
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Ind. 47907
Telephone: (317) 494-8537
The Institute conducts research and collects information in the
areas of pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism, with particular
emphasis on chemical residues left in living systems by food addi-
tives, animal feed additives, pesticides, soil and feed additives,
drugs, cosmetics, and hormones. It answers inquiries and provides
consulting and research services for a fee.
Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (CPIA) (N86)
Applied Physics Laboratory
Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins Rd.
Laurel, Hd. 20810
Telephone: (301) 953-7100, Ext. 7800
This Department of Defense Information Analysis Center collects
information and data on the research, development, testing, and eval-
uation of chemical rocket systems, Including propellant and ingredient
characterization, formulation, and performance; combustion; exhaust
plume characterization; and safety and environmental protection. In-
formation is made available to sponsors and their contractors and to
others by approval on a need-to-know basis.
Cases
Technical Information Services (N395)
Institute of Gas Technology
3424 South State St.
Chicago, 111. 60610
Telephone: (312) 567-3847
The Institute, which is Interested in all aspects of natural and
manufactured gas, publishes Gas Abstracts (monthly), Gas Scope (bi-
monthly), research bulletins, and technical reports, and maintains a
collection of books, journals, reports, and patents. It answers
inquiries; provides reference services; makes referrals; permits onsite
use of Its collection; makes Interlibrary loans; provides literature-
searching, patent-searching, bibliographic, and duplication services
for a fee; and provides MASTIR (Microfilmed Abstract System for Tech-
nical Information Retrieval) information service.
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Compressed Gas Association, Inc. (N4396)
500 Fifth Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10036
Telephone: (212) 524-4796
This Association of over 200 manufacturers and producers submits
recommendations to Government agencies to improve safety standards; acts
as advisor to regulatory authorities; and conducts national and regional
meetings. A publications list is available on request.
National LP-Gas Association (N1171)
79 West Monroe St.
Chicago, 111. 60603
Telephone: (312) 372-5484
The Association provides information on liquefied petroleum and
butane and propane gas, including appliances, equipment, safe handling
and storage, transportation, statistics, advertising and promotion.
The Chlorine Institute (N163)
342 Madison Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10017
Telephone: (212) 682-4324
The Institute provides information on specialized problems of
chlorine, and offers free consulting services to chlorine producers,
users, and other interested persons. It operates the Chlorine Emer-
gency Plan, a service designed to provide first aid to shippers of
chlorine involved in accidents.
Explosives, radiation
Institute of Makers of Explosives (N1359)
420 Lexington Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10017
Telephone: (212) 689-3237
Safety in the transportation, handling, storage, and use of
commercial explosives, blasting agents, and related blasting supplies
are among the interests of the Institute, which publishes pamphlets,
education posters, and display material. Inquiries are answered,
referrals are made, and pamphlets are distributed.
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National Council on Radiation Protection and (N6718)
Measurements
7910 Woodment Ave.
Bethesda, Md. 20014
Telephone: (301) 657-2652
Services are primarily for Council members and participants, but
are provided to others as time permits.
Explosives Safety Board (N8100)
U.S. Department of Defense
Forrestal Building, Room 6A154
1000 Independence Ave. SV.
Washington, D.C. 20314
Telephone: (202) 693-5436 or 693-5458
The Board answers inquiries; makes referrals; and provides advi-
sory and consulting services to the Defense Department, other Govern-
ment agencies, authorized contractors, approved foreign governments,
and the public—within applicable security restrictions--on safety
problems associated with explosives. It publishes various reports,
bibliographies, and proceedings of conferences and seminars.
Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (N271)
7101 Wisconsin Ave. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20014
Telephone: (301) 654-9260
Safety in the nuclear industry is one of the concerns of the
Forum. It makes interlibrary loans from its collection of books,
bound volumes, ERDA reports, and pamphlets; permits onsite use of the
collection by members; and publishes Nuclear Industry (monthly). A
price list of publications is available on request.
Office of Radiation Programs (AW-558) (N11273)
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M St. SW.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 755-4894
The Office of Radiation Programs publishes its findings in Radia-
tion Data and Reports (monthly) and in appropriate scientific journals.
It answers inquiries; provides information to state health offices,
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federal and state agencies, scientific organizations, and industries;
and makes referrals to other sources of information.
Scientific and Technical Information Division (N4968)
U.S. Department of the Army-Armament Command
Picatinny Arsenal, ATTN: SARPA-TS-S
Dover, N.J. 07801
Telephone: (201) 328-2914
The Command is interested in explosives and related subjects. The
Division publishes reports, bibliographies, and a Technical Information
Bulletin. It answers inquiries; makes referrals; provides reference,
literature-searching, translation, and duplication services; and makes
interlibrary loans. Services are available to the Defense Department,
other Government agencies, and to other groups on a selected, limited
basis.
Flammability. fire
Flammability Research Center (N11735)
391 South Chipeta Way Research Park
Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
Telephone: (313) 927-1271
The Center performs research and provides information and consult-
ing services on problems related to fire-resistant coatings, smoke,
burns, fabrics, toxicity, and flammability. Research and extensive
consulting services are provided on a fee or contract basis.
Fire Information Reference Services (490.10) (N12709)
Fire Technology Division
National Bureau of Standards
U.S. Department of Commerce
Washington, D.C. 20234
Telephone: (301) 921-3246
The office provides information and data on fire research and
safety, fire in buildings, and fabric flammability. Onsite use of
the collection is permitted, and bibliographies, statistical summaries,
and technical reports are published.
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Federal Fire Council (N7765)
National Fire Prevention and Control Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
Washington, D.C. 20230
Telephone: (202) 634-7722
The Council serves as an official advisory agency in matters re-
lating to the protection of Federal employees and property from fire.
Pamphlets, recommended practices, bibliographies, research digest
reports, and a newsletter are published, and a special collection on
fire safety matters, films, and slides is maintained. The Council
answers inquiries, provides consulting services, and makes referrals
to other sources of information. Services are primarily for Govern-
ment personnel; others are served as resources permit.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (N339)
470 Atlantic Ave.
Boston, Mass. 02210
Telephone: (617) 482-8755
The Association is concerned with the development of fire preven-
tion and fire protection standards to reduce loss of life and destruc-
tion of property. Publications of the Association include Fire Journal
(bimonthly), Firemen (monthly), Fire Technology (quarterly), Fire News
(monthly), Rational Fire Codes (annual, 10 vols.), Fire Protection Hand-
book (every 5 years), NFPA Inspection Manual, technical reports, pro-
ceedings, state-of-the-art reviews, and pamphlets. NFPA answers In-
quiries; provides limited consulting services to members; makes litera-
ture searches; permits onsite use of its collection; makes interlibrary
loans; makes fire-record studies for a fee; sells training films, slides,
and published materials; and makes referrals to other sources of infor-
mation.
Safety and Fire Protection Committee (N5487)
Manufacturing Chemists Association
1825 Connecticut Ave. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20009
Telephone: (202) 483-6126
The Committee collects and publishes case histories of accidents
In the chemical industry. Information and document services are pri-
marily for members, but are provided to others as time permits.
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Others
National Injury Information Clearinghouse (N11956)
Bureau of Epidemiology
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Westwood Towers Building, Room 323
5401 Westbard Ave.
Bethesda, Md. 20207
Telephone: (301) 496-7687
The Clearinghouse ia concerned with injury data on accidents
associated with consumer products, and maintains a collection of such
data. It publishes NEISS News (monthly newsletter of articles and
summaries of injury data collected through the National Electronic
Injury Surveillance System); answers inquiries; and provides injury
data and access to injury investigation reports. Services are avail-
able to persons concerned with the epidemiology of consumer product-
associated injuries.
Safety Research Information Service (N8770)
National Safety Council
425 North Michigan Ave.
Chicago, 111. 60611
Telephone: (312) 527-4800
The Service answers inquiries, provides advisory technical refer-
ence and literature-searching services, and makes referrals to other
sources of information. The Council maintains a library which provides
duplication services for a fee and lends material under certain cir-
cumstances. Publications of the Council include Journal of Safety
Research (quarterly), National Safety News (monthly), Guide to Traffic
Safety Literature (annual), Guide to Occupational Safety Literature
(annual), and Accident Facts (annual).
Citizenship-Legislative Department (N10656)
Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers International Union
1126 16th St. NW.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 223-5770
The Union is interested in occupational health and safety prob-
lems of workers and environmental health problems in the United States.
The Department answers inquiries; provides consulting and reference
services; permits onsite use of its collection of books, periodicals
and reports; and makes referrals to other sources of information.
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National Association of Corrosion Engineers (N172)
2400 Vest Loop South
Houston, Tex. 77027
Telephone: (713) 622-8980
The Association collects information and data on all aspects of
engineering involving metallic and nonmetallic surfaces exposed to
water and all corrosive environments. It provides literature-search-
ing and duplication services on a fee basis. Publications include
Corrosion (monthly), Materials Protection (monthly), and Corrosion
Abstracts (bimonthly), as well as reports, proceedings, and bibliog-
raphies .
American Society for Testing and Materials (N287)
1916 Race St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19103
Telephone: (215) 569-4200
The Society is active in the standardization of specifications
and methods of testing materials, including metals, cement, lime, con-
crete, petroleum products and lubricants, paint, gaseous fuels, indus-
trial chemicals, plastics, rubber, and solvents. The information is
available through the Society's publications.
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Reference Services
Resource Recovery—Energy and Hazardous Waste
Reference Section'
Science and Technology Division
Library of Congress
10 First Street, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20540
(202) 426-5670
The Reference Section serves as the bibliographic information
resource unit of the Science and Technology Division. Books,
journal articles/ government reports, Congressional hearings,
and a wealth of othen information sources are indexed by the
Library of Congress and can be retrieved through the use of
the computerized system ("Scorpio") operated by the Referral
Center. Titles, abstracts, and availability of the documents
can all be retrieved in response to either a telephoned or
written request. There is no charge for the service.
As part of the current information search on resource recovery
for energy, and hazardous waste management and disposal, this
service was utilized. Copies of the computer print-out which
resulted from this bibliographic search are included on the
following pages. A brief explanation of the information shown
on these computer sheets is helpful in understanding what follows:
Use of this system concentrated solely on the "Citation File."
This file consists of periodical articles, Congressional docu-
ments, and various other Federal and non-Federal government
reports. Three products of this search are included on the
following pages: (1) Listings of citations indexed under
"Refuse as Fuel"—43 items were indexed under this category;
(2) Listings of citations indexed under both "Solid Waste" and
"Hazardous Substances"—15 items were retrieved which were
indexed under both categories (This combination of index cate-
gories was used to retrieve citations relating to the topic of
hazardous waste, since the indexing system has no category
specifically for that topic.)} and (3) Citations and abstracts
relevant to resource recovery and/or to hazardous waste, as
retrieved using the index category "Solid Waste." Since there
were 557 citations under this index category, only the first
few and all those published in 1976 or more recently were re-
trieved and printed.
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Reference Section
Science and Technology Division
Library of Congress
"Scorpio" System
Titles indexed under "Refuse as Fuel"
-------
F:LE:CITN; TmE/LiNfE--£.ET e ntto i-t UF <.j
£•74-30294: tjec.1 re-covers: 6 nei' d i n.c nt, i on in s c 1 i d i'i.ite di &F-O«. a 1 . / AC-KRAE
Ari.tricsn Society of Hi- i. tine/ Re-fr i it r i. I i ns • tnd A i r ccmcd 1 1 on i n£
En* i neer s 'j our no I > v. 16i Oct. 1974: 63-65.
LPC-.75- 6342: Gtrbtst! the C.r.derelU fuel./ Ri-tder's diSetet, v. 106, Ft-h . 1975:
37-38, 41.
LPS-75-80B1 ; fref use to energy./ MP1 Midwc-«l F f j e c. r c r, Institute iu&rlerls,
js
LF,'£.75-
srr ins ^975: ^-9.
639A '• ftn ecorioimc fci"it.lssi£ of < uc 1 gi.1. Froduclion frotn so\td vi.<
F.'tiource- recoverB and cor.ser v£t i cm i v. i. Kti 197£>: 9D-1D9.
LF.'£.75- 6395 J Ene-rsv rt-ci'Vt-rt' -'rcai injn i c . F i. 1 s^lid i.ii.ite- ^;u.' m-. the-d of c^
ref use-de-r i vs d fuels,./ r t <,c-ur ;* re-cii\irv; end ciir.ser vtl i on i v. li fits 197L:
65-93.
LRS-75-6927 s Max i in i z i m fes.c Env i ronnienta 1 Protection Aie-ncs . 1975. A52 P.
PEf.DY FOR NEW COMMAND OP NEW ITEM NER (FOR NEXT PAGE, XI"! IT ONLY):
FILE:CITN; TITLE/LINE—^ET s ITEM?. 9- it OF 43
L^: 75- 13710: Ktihville Fo;'nl'. t 'ic v±± • '.jrn'. ^tc.«. t& iftto fug I without Foi'uiiDn.
/ Cot<&t for env i roniner.t i.1. i.£te./ IEEE jf-ectrutn, v. 12. Nov. 1975:
A6-50.
LR&75- 17463: B i on.BS & ene r sv . / At t r or.sut i c & £ sercniutict, v. 13. Ncv. i^75r
64-70.
LR&7&- 17520 : Resource, recovers j.rici Uc.tte reduct i DJ ? /t h t ret rsFOtt to CM.iri'4.
«'bshin£ton, For stle by the £uFt. oi Docs., U.'.. Govt. Print. 0-." f . I"v75.
96 F .
LPE-75- 22D59: An e<, a 1 us t i ot. of the use o-.' asrictlturtl rc-siJvet as s>. gn
f ec'dst ocfc . / k'afch i nclcn > Nc.tione.1 Science F oundt t i on . i"?75. £2 1.
LF;£-76-3fc3Cl; K6terii.ls r&liting to the Pet our ce C onser vfct i on ono' RtCQMcr^. Act
1976_./ W£sF,in£ton, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 86 F.
READY FOP NEW COMMAND OF" K'EW ITEM NCR (FOR NEXT F'AGE , HMIT ONLY):
-74-
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F1LE:CI7N; TI TLE /L INE- -SET S ITLf.T 17-::, Cr A3
LPZ.76- 3631 : Re^ci'ings. on solid noste- inc. r.c.s.eine-t.t £nc.' riSGur-cc- re-co^e t t, . / Fieri; ec.1
for the- Lul.c oniru i t tee on the Ens i r oniii=-r.t & nd 1 hi AtriiOS-Fher* of T h «
C oinri. i t te-e or. Science tnd Te-chnolos.fi U.S. Hcuse- of Representatives.
Wishi ris.lon, U.I. Gcat. Print. Off., 1976. 196 F.
^ 76* 437 I: Ar.i t .- oti i c digest i&r. of solid o'ctte a.-ici St-nast- sludse inlc iny; Ki. r e . /
science. v. 17, Jtn. 1976-1 26-30. ~ - "
LF1? 76- 4 31 5 : ^i r.-s-e F » g r . " / I i.c^s t r - .•« c I , v. 1BC. , AFT. 19- 1976: 3t-43, 45.
Lr :-76- A 7 1'? : Eri-:rs'. c.r,c.' ; r • o K r c e re-co\6rt:- fror, solid uij.«tes_./ Peicurcc- retCters
£. M..' . C. M 1 1 vi '. .t.'ii v. ;, Air. :->76: 207-Z'ifc.
•-r'i 76- -1 72£. • An e v;. 1 u£. 1 i 01. of ntthc.ni F r OI.'LK t i or. fron. sc'l.ci u,i.;te./ r'-isciirc*
r ۥ c o v e rv oncJ cor. servatiorit v^ D AF r . 1976 : 2A5-2S5 .
LR&76- A766: The fni.rt.e-ls for and the- e-conori. ics of he-at e-nerSb1 fron, solid ui. « te-
i n c i n c r a i ion./ R'ej-our ce recove-ry arid c o r. i t r v i 1 i o n • ~ ~, Af- r . 1976 :
197-206.
LF1S.76-^77I7 : Feasibilita studs for burning ref use-- dg-r i ved fue-1 ; n the- District
of Coluful. io fat; F'olornoc Electric Ft/ver Cornpant; . .' Resource- rc-LOvgra end
c ot.te-r vat i or, , ,v . 1. Apr. 1976: 217-224.
TPS-TZ,- 5DV2 :' Ene-rgt; Trli7~ rTTuTe" tb-' b7 ocouve r &i on , f frrmci.t at i on £1,0' re si dug
o' i & F o s a 1 Processes./ F'& source re-coveri. snd CDnservbtiorn v. 1, Af r . 1976:
255-313.
FEftDY rC)F' NEW COMMAND OF' NEW ITEM NBR (FOF, NEXT PAGE, JJKIT ONLY):
E-.CJTN; TITLE/LINE--SET e ITEM?. 25- 3A OF A3
LF'£.?6- 5£5fc : F'rcices&ins g- n e r g a f r o in u i. & 1 & s . / En v i r o n fn &• r. t i 1 sLitTnie & 1 1 c hr.c- 1 o£s .
v. ID, Kty 1976: 430-435.
LP£.76-6007: Mttc.1; in tht- i^o'.tg; Uc burn''/ En v i r onhie-ntc. 'i scie-nce fi 1 *c dno ' o LS •
v. 10, Mis 1976: 436-439.
LRE-76-635E. : Flone-r powe-r: prospects for F hot o&ynt h&l i c e-nersvi./ Bulletin of the
alormc scie-nlisls, v. 32i Ktv 1976: 48-56.
LP£.76- 637C- : Gtrb-ste Fotie-r: the- re-newsble e-nersy retource-./ CbtLlvsti v. 5, no.
2, 1976: 21, 24-26.
LF;S76- 7146: Toi'&r poiier: pr-ociucini: fuels, frofi, solar enersi;./ Fulle-tir, of t he-
at onuc scientitts, v. 32, Mav 1976: 5fi-62.
LF'J.76- 6155 : Instead of uattiriL nor, r ens uil. 1 e- &ner£,vi u-ht ;:'or. 't ft- ei.ylc-it our
. £ s 1 e ; ^ / Science foruni, v. 9, June 1976: 3-6.
LF'S.76- fil 87 : .j-otid ua s,t&--n-&t er i a 1 s oiid eners-t; re-c o\ e-r v ; /tir'&iita-f i f t h retort.
Woihinston, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 24 p.
LF'J.76- S46C : &olid u'sste fiit-npseriient i.na re-source recovery./ Hearing, 94lh
Cons., 2d £ t i s . U'c. ; h i n£t on , U. £.. C,o vt . P r int. Off . , 1976. 475 p.
LF:£.?£-&711 : T £. F F i n *. resources in n.uniciFsl solid witit-./ Science, v. 191i Feb.
20, 1976: 669-675. " -
LF-J.76-S714 : .F'&neuiah 1 e res our ces- for the production of fuels and chemicals./
Science-, v. 191, Feb. 20, 1976: 773-776.
F.EftdY FOR NEW COMMAND OP NEW ITEM KBf (FOR1 NEXT PAGE, XMIT ONLY):
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FjLE:tITN! 1ITLE/LINE--SET 8 ITEMS 35-42 OF 43
_c'-.76-1141fi: Fc".ource C on«.er vii i on »nd frfcovsrv Act of 1976./ Hear ins,'., 941 h
Cont.,i£d sets., on H.R. 14496. June- 29-3D, :<;-76. Wi. sh i ns I. on , U.S. Goot.
f r i t.l . Off . , 1976. 199 P.
LP-£.7fc-1 ??£•&! fce-tiiurce Conservation &nd Recover a ftct of 1976 ! Xr&r or 1 on H.R.
1A496 includins cost eslifnites of the C or.sr es 5 iTna 1 Eut'sc-t Office.
U'tshinSlon, U.S. &ovt. F'r.nt. Off., 1976. 13t f.
LP£.76-ir91£.: C ont r o 11 *d- a i r i nc i n&r at i on--k &v to rr^ct.cEl F.&duction of er.frrgi:
frorn 1.1 o'. t&s./ Puhlic works, v. 107, c-e-Ft. 1976: 72-75, 136, 136.
LFsS76-13502: Pi oce-edi ri£&. / New York, American Society of Mechonicsl Engineers
C1976 5£5 P.
LRS76-196B2: Fuel S&s recovera frot» controlled landf i 11 i ns of niur. i c i FC. 1 wsatei
/ Resource recovers and conservation, ~. !Ti Dec. 1976 •' 103-117.
LRS76-19965: Gasification of solid wastes. 4n f i xeo' bc-o's./ Mt-chtnUcl
ens i neerinSt v. 98, Juls 1976.' 24-29.
LRS77-208! Trashing the energy crisis./ New tin.etr v. 8, Jin. 21, 1977: 41-42,
44-46.
LRS77-466: R&c lahiat i on of energy fr&fn stitid w»ste; theors ana' practice...' a
selected, annotated b i b I i osraphs for municipal officials./ Monlicello.
Ill., 1977. 37 P.
F'EftDY FOP NEW COfiriAND OP NEW ITEM KEF. (FOR NEXT PAGE, XMIT ONLY):'
FILE:CITN; TITLE/LIFVIE--SET B ITEM 43 OF 43
LTR76-963: F'^odings. on solid waste fn£r,£&g[iierit £.no' r>:-iource recover^../' f.f r.
1976. 196 P.'
LAST ITEM SHOWN. READY FOR 'NEW COMMAND OP ITEM NEP =
-76-
-------
Reference Section
Science and Technology Division
Library of Congress
"Scorpio" System
Titles indexed under both "Solid Waste"
and "Hazardous Substances"
-------
F2LE:CJ7NS 1 JHE /LINE- - VE1 :C I7EKS l-£ OF : :
Ljv:c-74- 1£74£ : Re-fuse- i rit.'us t r s it-Is n-\e churse- of hi. ..aru'ous. tni.t er i £. '. s . / So*. ie»
(.•ester i..brib&cii.e nt/r ef us.t reiiiOVbl journi.li v. 17, June 1974: 16, 47, £5.
LRC-74- 11749 : U.S. i\'«.vt; Jettisons 'hfi.vo-ho' hcridlins. of PsckaLini. Kerns £t tt-i..
/ Solid u«.sUs mint Sen.ent. v. 17. June- 1974: 22-23, 57-56. oL , 70, 72.
LF'S-74- 3 3324 : DisFosol of hazardous t-nttfri../ F^e-rorl to C onfir ess . . . F ur &u& nl IP
n 21Z of the c.olid Wtile- Disposal Act. LI sin&nde-d. Wt th i nti or, , U.J. .
tovt . Fr int. Of f . , 1974. SI P.
F'£ 74-24 1 £•&: Oregon s u r v 6- v s its hfcrerdous Ut-st&s,./ En v i r onh.&nt i, 1 science- &
technology, v. fi. D&c . 1974: 1D80-1D&4.
L F;£-74- 29939 : Re-c ofntnendfrd tiig-thods of reduction, ne-ut r ^ 1 i :ot i on . re-covt-rv or
di&Fosa't of hfcgsrdous up£t&./ R&ciondo Be-tch, C £. 1 i f . . TF;W f-vsletn'. Group
distributed by NT IS 1974. 205 p.
LF?75-4D£3: I dc i ne^ t i on in hazardous, us 1 1 & ILL r.a £.^ti.ent . / Wi sh i n ft or. U.c-.
Ehv i r oiiri.e-nt & 1 FT ole-c t i on Atencv, 1S75. 104 r.
LF;J.7 5- 1 2'34£ : En v i r oni.it nt a 1 aspects of chemical Jt>: in ruhr-er FT oc&ts i ns.
OF^rat ions (Msrch 1975, Akron, Oli i o ) ; /t onf er enct- F r dceta' i nts . Wi. £ h i ns 1 or. ,
Office of Toxic SurjE^nc es. , Env i r oni. c-nt £. 1 F'rot&ction AtencB, 1975. 452 P.
LF'£-75- 1 4527 : L £.i.c»'f i 1 1 d i s F os t. 1 of >•.;.;». rdou*. t-i. ; t e-i ! i r e-\ i et-i of literature c. r. c.'
known O.FFT ouches./ !•.'«.£ h i ii£t on U.S. Env i r oniuent G. 1 F'rotection ftitncy.
1975. 3fc p.
F'E^ r FOF; NEW conr.AfJD OR NEW ITEM NL-.R JFCF' KEXT F-AC-E, ;JMIT ONLY):
FJLE:CJTN; 7iTLt/Lir,'E--j.ET 10 :TEM-:. 9-15 OF :s
LF:S.75-15347 : Ultifu£,t& ciisFO&ol o-f £Fillt-o' hc.zprdous rni.t er i £ > i . /' Cl.tT. icil
ens in«&r ins, v. £2, Oct. 27, 197t»: 107-114.
LF^£.75-2D792 : I nf orciiot i on about h£r£.r&'ou& t^tle- ri zr, isfrnie-nt f £C i 1 1 1 i ^-i . .'
Wi.£,hin£ton U.S. Environmental F'r ot ect i on A^encs, 1975. 130 F.
LF1c-7fc-9£22 : F'hc.r rniCfeut i Co 1 industrs: tii-ifcrdtius i';.;te sere rat i or. , trei.tti.6rit. £ r &'
o'iSFaial./ At £ >i i n£ t on 1976. 17t P.
LF-;.?£.- 1 691 c, : c-'. itt1; of 1 es i s 1 i t i 01. . srints ci.c.' ptopoted he. r £ r cJcmi (Jt.ite
; g i u- i £ t i c. M s- . / Jour no 1 oi" env i r oi.r,.e r.t c, '. he<h, v. 39. J-«Ft.-0;t. 197fc:
£.3- f-6.
LF;£.7£.- 17572 : Incineration of incJjstrral yiLitet./ Crieri:icsl erit i neer i r, t , v. £3.
Oct. I£, 197&: 115-121.
L7F:75-2471: ?.uti,rtia ry of ma te-r 5 a 1 &- rel st&d T e-f i s 1 a t i on introduced ir.lo th&
s.£ . / Aus. 19, 197ii. 29 P.
LTR76-349: cUfuMory of >n£ t er i a 1 «- f &1 ote-d lesislstion i nt r oo'uced into tli& 94th
Congress./ Fet-. 2, 1976. 3S p.
LAS.T ITEM SHOWN. READY FOR NEW COMMAND OR ITEM
-77-
-------
Reference Section
Science and Technology Division
Library of Congress
"Scorpio" System
Titles and abstracts relevant to resource
recovery and/or to hazardous waste, as
retrieved using the index category "Solid Waste"
-------
Lr £.?<•-Zu'ie . ITEM 5 OF 557 IN 111 6
Wineerter. Euse-ne J.
Resource recovery: an OFForlunily for So ver nrnent- i ndustry Ftr tnt-r sh i P . .-olid
wastes mana flerne nt/ref ute renioval journal » v. 17. Feb. 1974: 36, 62. 81.
Discusses state-controlled plans in Connecticut and Wisconsin.
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Refuse end refuse di SF o*e 1 —Connect i cut
Refuse and refuse diSFosal--Witconsin
Recaclio^ of waste proa'uc t s- -Connect i c ut --?l at e Itws
PROFILE 7EKMS (BUCK):
Material's cn&naSe
Sol i d wastes
State Governments
IP 995
READY FOR KEK C C-r.KAND
-::'fc7 ITEM 9 OF 5S7 IN SET 6
John.
r tnilers hzvt wood to burr, Und soine oili COL! and ntluioi SLJ . loo)
EKchsr.se, v. 35, Mtr. 1974: 2-A .
1 Pro6vc«r s of FiFtr htve turiitci to wL'.le ,-oc-c; E.'. -r^e'. ^101 *. l.«ir I'tdtr
And there £.r* coil, o . 1 snc. sn r-:ierves si. t'.eir 'liiic,.11
and FtFer F r oduc i £--U. o.
-U.£..
Felt o ieurii--U.& .
Enerss conservation — U.S.
R'*CB : 1 : P.S 01" uiE.s.(.e F r ociucl s--U. &.
PROFILE TERK& (EUCt.):
Forests and fore-sirs;
Mines, sno'_niineral_ resources.
Power resources
So 1 i d was tes
HI/ 9£2C
K'EftDY FCF NEW COMMAND:
LRS74-35D2 ITEM 17 OF 5&7 IN &ET 6
S-tstus report or,; the nation's first statewide s-slei,, f or ^ rec over i ns materials
and energy. Resource recoveryp v. 1, Jsr\.-Kst. 197A: iE-I'l.
Discusses Connecticut's work on such a stale-wide- S
DE.SCR1F-10RS (INDX):
RecsclinS of waste pr oducl s--C oi.riec t • cut
tOFILE TERMS 4BUCK):
Sol id uastes
Stete governments
IP 995
rEflDY FOR NEW COMMAND:
-•78-
-------
LF:?A-3i.r:- ITEM 20 OF 557 IN SET 6
Ks r v i n ney . S;. nd« .
Power from the fi.anure Pile. Conservationist, v. ZBi AFT.-Mas 1974: 7-9.
~.ass methane generation has its simplest and perhaps most practical
rplication on the- farm, but notes that human sewase and municipal S«.rbt£e
art also potential sources of rnelhane for heat, lisht and/power.
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Santhetic*fuel--U.S.
Farji fiianufte--U.£.
Rec»clins_uf uaslfr productE--U.S.
F'F'OFILE TE^MS (BUCK) :
Mines ar.d mineral re-sources
Power resources
Solid' wt si es
Meter pollution
TF 995
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LTP76-S63 ITEM 556 OF LL7 IN £-ET 6
Reischi Mirk.
Retis'inst or. solid wtsle n.s. r,i. a. rue nl and rc-tourct re-cos'frrv. flFr.^1976.
Issued as a conihiittee Frinti House Coi.in.il tee on £..-'ence a no1 1 echno 1 oS
r i.cohirm tlee on the- Environment and the AU.OSF here , 9-;th ConS.. 2ci sess.
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
F^efuse and refuse d i SF osa 1--U. S.
Refuse and refuse diSFos&1--U.S.--L&W snd legislation
Refuse and refuse, d.j 5POS_al.-;y...&.",Rese_i.rc>ri
Refuse and refuse di sposa 1--IJ. £. — Finance
Recycling of waste Froducts--U.S.
Sewase diSFosa1--U.S.
F.'efuse as fuel--U.S.
Solid Waste DisFosal Act
Rtsource Recovers Act
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
LTP
TF 995
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LPS77-466 ITEM 54D OF 557 IN SET 6
i Nan C.
Reclamation of enerSs from solid waste; thcora and practice: a selected!
annotated b ibl'i oSrarhy for municipal officials. Mont i eel 1 o i Ill.i 1977. 37
(Council of Planning Librarians. Exchange fc> i b I i osr afhs 1228)
SCRIPT ORS (INDX,):
Refuse as fuel--U.S. — BiblioSraphs
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Power resources
Sol i d wastes
TP 34-0 ~79-
FEA?Y FOR NEW COMMAND: .
-------
LF; 76- 19965 ITEM 537 OF 557 IN SET A
Essen. A. C. W. Krattz. Ror.ald.
&P s i f i cat i on of solid wastes in fixed beds. Ke-chsnical ens. i neer i n£ . v. 96t
Jr'" 1976: 24-29.
Discusses the fixed bed sasifier "the basic n.echan i snis involved and
variations produced b« feedstock Sat if i cat i on ox i d i zer t/and slassinS versus
non- tlaSS i ns operation. The S«.s produced has pott nl i a I ,'f or a wide range of
u&e-s. frorii siii.Fle steani generators to i«ore sophisticated Sis turbine and fuel
ce n cotnb i§c t i on 5 . "
Refuse as fuel
PROFILE T6PK& (E'-UCIC):
Power resources
So I i a' i»c si es
TP 360
FEADY FOR NEW COMKftHD:
LF'J.76- 19662
Auser.ste i r>r
ITEM 533 OF 55?
0. C.> and others.
IN &ET 6
Fu
sas recovers from
recovers and conservation.
The authors present "a
covers
controlled landfillins of municipal wE-stti. resource
v. 2,. Dec. _1??6.:_1D3-117. .
novel low CC.F i la I/OF er at i ni. cost ssstem for fuel Sas
fror,, solid waste." The authors observe that "the svsUn. e^t'uiteJ
has potential for makins possible the eccnon.ic recovery of fuel ELE • r oil.
solid <»•£.£ te (cr other solid substrates) throush substantial re-duct > ot, i r. the
capital and operstinB costs of a conventional anaerobic diSestion Si-iter,.."
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Refuse as fuel--U.S.--Eva 1uation
c-cwa£e sludse--U.S.
Landf ills--U.S.
Recycling of waste FroductS--U.S.--C in ts
PROFILE 7ERKS (BUCK):
Po^er resources
So 1i d ULste s
TP 360
READY FOR NEW COMMAND'
csl engineering progress
71
LRS76-19A89 ITEM 530 OF 557 IN SET 6
Terrs. R. C. Be-rkowitr. J. B. Porter. C. H.
Waste clearinghouses and exchanges. Cherm
Tec. 1976: 58-62.
The authors assess clearinshouses which transfer information about
industrial wastes available and wastes sought as feed stock and exchanges
i >ch offer services to transfer waste materials. They conclude that
•_ithoush these organizations are not likela to be very profitable business
eriterpr i sest thes do offer a different approach
organic solvents, alkali wastes, and wastes
to fir.dint net,
ich in hietals."
uses for
DESCRIPTORS
Re c s c I i n S
Rec*cIins
(INDX):
of waste
of waste
-80-
products--U.S.
products—Europe
-------
Lri?t- Jt£6Z' ITEM 526 OF 557 IN SET 6
Cc hr • Ki r i 1 s n .
Sclid waste n.a na senient .' 2 selected anriotcted h 1 t. 1 ; osr SF ha . Air-any. Me«i York
it ate- Library, Letislstive Service. 1976. 3 v.
Partial contents .- -The hi s, i cs . --Techn i ca 1 i nf or rnat i on . - -Pr DJ e-c t Flint and
DE&CMP10RS (INDX):
Refuse- ^r.d re-Tuse di SF osa 1--U. &.--BiM i osi SF hu
PROFILE ItgKE. (PUCK):
Solid we. jt ei
TF 99S' LIMITED AVAILABILITY
FEftDY FOF1 NEH COMMAND:
ITEM 522 OF 557 IN SET 6
Gha£.serni F ficsood. Ouinlivan, Sandra C. DE.«, Harold R.
Landfills for pesticide uasl& disposal. Env i r onnie-nls I scifr.ce- & tt-chnolos«
v. 10, Dec. 1976: 1209-121A.
This F s F e r Fresents information on the social, political. econorniCf and
nstittitional a s F e c t i of the- es-lablisriiuenl and OFeration of s&ven t :. i s t i n s
ndfills acct-Ftins pesticide- u-astes.
R:& (1NDX>:
- Landf i I 1 s--U.£.
Pest i c i des--U. &.
PROFILE TEF'MS (BUCK):
Pest i c i des
Solid wi stes
TP 995
FlEftDY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LR&76-17561 ITEM 521 OF 557 IN &ET 6
O'Neil, Raymond K. Locke-, Edward R.
S-olid ua&tes Flanninfi: signposts on r&i.cJ to r et i ona 1 i :et i on . Solid wastes
ihsna Semen t, v. 19. Oct. 1976: 24, 26. 54. 55.
This article focuses on some of the i r,j I 11 ut i ona 1 and financial
considerations involved in adopting a re&ional approach to solid wastes
n,anasenient .
..cSCRIPTQRS (INDX)s
Refuse and refuse di sposal--U.£..--F i nance
Resional planninS--U.S.
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Sol id wastes ~81~
TP 995
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
-------
LF<7fr-169;S HEM M7 OF 557 IN SET 6
L e h in £ n . John F .
Stilus of le-s i slat i on • sranls and proposed hazardous waste regulations.
Journal of environmental heallhi v. 39i Se-Ft.-Ocl. 1976: B3-B6.
Reviews Federal and slate legislation and grants for research for '.odd
-isposal and Diana sement of hazardous industrial wastes.
DESCPIPTORS (INDX>:
Waste producls--U.£.
Pefuse -agd refuse di SPOIL 1 --U. £. --Li w and
F^fuse and refuse- di spots 1 --U. £. .--Ptt&t
Refuse and refuse di SF ott 1--U.S. --Elite
Hazardous substances--U. £..
Grsnts-Tn-a id--U.£-.
F-ROF1LE TtR-MS (BUCK):
Chfru, i c»ls
Environmenial law
So 1 i d u^sles
TF1 995 -
READY FOR N'EW COMMAND:
LF:£.76-16902 ITEM 515 OF 557 IN SET 6
Land*. She-1 don £.
Local guidelines for disposal of unwanted pesticides and ernPl«
containers: an e::sri,Fle. Journal of env i ronrnenl a I heallhf v. 39 > £.£Pl.-Oct.
1976: S7-&1;.
Describes hot' "Alleshent- Countvi F'ennsy I van 13 f developed a Flan for
isFosal of peslicides and pc' adaplins I he U.S.
Environmental F'rotection Asencu's recohifnerided procedures lo exist ins disposal
siles and relevant local regulations."
DESCRIF'TOF;S (1NDX):
Pest i c ides--F'ennsy 1 van i a
Refuse and refuse disposal--Pennsv1 van i a
PROFILE 7£F,'M£ (BUCK):
En v i r onnienta I health
Pe stic ides
So 1 id uasles
SB 601 &
READY FOF- NEW COMMAND:
LR£.76-i291B ITEM A84 OF 557 IN SET 6
Hofmanni Ross E.
ControHed-a i r i nc i ner at i on--ke« to practical production of enerss from
wastes. Public works, v. 107, Sept. 1976: 72-75, 136t 138.
Discusses the controI led-air small incinerator for burnins solid wastes to
produce enerSi;. Stales Ihtt "Ihe solid waste direct enerSs production
systems appear to offer the Srealest net enerSs return or Sain asainst the
nerss resuire'd to operate these processes."
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Refuse as fuel--U.S.
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Power resources
-82-
So1 id wastes
TF-
-------
Lf.76-s:c.2 :~ir. ^r,:- OF L.L? :N itT 6
K & r d w > W i \ I i & ii. E.I Jr. G r i & t o in > Curtis L .
An e cc no I., ic i r, i Its is of a regionalized rural solid waste n, «. r i. s. •. ti.*r,t st'-tch, .
r.i.erican journal of agricultural ec c n on- i c 5 • v. 5Bi Me. a 1576: 175-16S.
Presents "the re- suits of a r^it-ircr. project cJtsisne-d to dt-le r i« \ in th~ l-.-tst
ost solid n£:tt n,£ ni £e rnc-nt s ytte-(n for £ teltctt-o1 f i v*- c c u r, t« irei of
norihuesi
DES.CRIFTORE. (INDX):
La na'f i.l 1 s-- Al ihorii6--F.i r.oric
Cost effectiveness
Ka t hemol i ca 1 models
PF'OFILE TfcF.MS. (BUCK):
So I i a' Wb stes
Tf S9L
FE^.DY FOR UEW COMMAND:
ITEM A^5 OF 557 IN SET 6
U . £ . Congress. House. Coturnittee on Governhient Operations. C on* er v» t i on i
Er, erSyi and Natural F.'esources c-uhcoinrn 111 ee.
Solid waste fu£ ri£ Stnit-ri t and resource recovery. Hearin£<> 94th Cons.. 2d sets,
WoS-h in fit or,, U.S.. Govt. Print. Off., i97fc. A7L F.
Hearings held Mtr. 23...31, 1976.
JE&CRIPIOF'S (INDX):
Refust- £j f ue'.--1J. £-.
RtcsclinS of u&ste products--U.&.
Refuse and refuse d i SF osa 1--U. ?..
PROFILE TERMS. (BUCK):
Materials manasement
Power resources
Solid wa ste s
Rf-C 2106 AVAIL FPOM COMM OR DOC RM
READY FOP NEW COMMAND:
LRS76-BOAA ITEM 442 OF 557 IN SET t
Furr, A. Keith, and others.
Multielement and chlorinated hydrocarbon analysis of municipal seuase sludges
of ArneriCon cities. En v i r onnienta I science & technolosy, v. 10, July 1976:
6B3-6B7.
Report on "an analytical survey of 68 fitment?, dieldrin, ana'
FoIschI orinated biFhensls (PCB's)" which "was conducted in municipal sewase
sludses SofnPled durins 1972-73 from 16 American cities using several
n str unients 1 methods."
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
&ei.'e£e E 1 ucise--U. £.
Metals--U.£. -83-
Trsce £ ie-n,ent S--U.S.
Peslicicie res i dues--U. S.
PnU-rhl r.r •'-•;•:• K :*•«-,'£.-•• f-
-------
Li r-£.7f.-5&5& ITEM A!-:. OF 557 IN SL7 &
U' i 1 s o r. i E . M i i I c- n . F ' c c r. a n . H j. r r y M .
P r o c e t s i n £. e n c- r s b f r & n wastes. . Environ in t' n t a 1 science- & t e s. h n o I o £ s > v . 10,
Describes existing and possible Ftoceises, for conversion of se-'id. l.«.u.d,
rid Sts- wastes to ener£u.
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Refuse as fuel--U.S.
U.S. Environmental Protection At'ency.
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Power resources
So 1 1 d wastes
TP' 360
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LR676-50A2 ITEM A21 OF 557 IN SET 6
Pfefferi John T. Liehoioni Jon C.
Energy from refute by b i c-c on vers i on • f er mc-nt&t i on sr:d residue disros&i
processes. Resource recovery and conservit i on. . v. 1. Air. 1976: 295-313.
Discussion of the snterobJc f er mentsl i&n prccess; includes a lot'Oro
study of Set pr c-duct i on-ot v&rious ten.Fe'r ot ur es i df wtle r : nt chtr &c t e-r i st i c s
-•f spent slurrsi sno the eri«r=.y recove-ra 01' the 5F«nt Ciie. A n.£.t Ker si s ca 1
9 iriiulat i oil of the tolil iiiterii evtli-t-tes t'nt ecoiioimc i IMF 1 : cf. . or.s of the
process.
DESCKIF'TOF-S (INE.X):
Refuse as fuel—U.S.--Research
Methane
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Power resources
So I id wastes
TP 36D
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LRS76-4766 ITEM A18 OF 557 IN SET 6
Wilson, Maurice J. Swindle. David W.. Jr.
The markets for and the economics of he«t enerss froni solid wtste ^
incineration. Resource recovers and conservation, v. 1. Apr. 197fc: 197-^06.
Review of disposal and composition of solid wtstes; authors conclude that
there is a Market for the caloric heat enerLS components of wtste.
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Refuse as fuel--U.S.
Recycling of waste Froducts--U.S.
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
F'ower resources
So I Id wastes _g4_
TP 36D
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
-------
L?I?6-A7L£ 17EK 417 Or 5L'7 IN SET 6
KisFtrt, R. G. SadeK, Z. E. W.te, D. L.
fir. evaluation of methane production frc.fi, stlid u c. s t e . r.t-source r^cov^r;, anj
c ti.sc r va t i on , v. 1, Apr. 1976: 2^5-Z".
Technical t n d e c o r. o m i c evaluation of £ process to c ^ r, v«.- r t n. u n i c i F a 1 s- o 1 i J
^este to a Pipeline sualitv S £ s,. The anaerobic F r c v t s s is the only c j i r * n t
one which is technically feasible, but it still is. ec onotn i ca 1 1 s at the uFFi-r
1, in its of today's techntfli
F'tfuje as fuel--U.S-.
Methane
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Power re-sc'iircti
So i i u ws s,tes
TF 360
F'bADY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LRS76-A723 ITEM 416 OF 5S7 IN SET 6
Mai Ian, G. M. Titlow, E. I.
Energs and retource recovery fror« solid wastes. Fvsourct recovery and
conservation, v. i, Apr. 1976: 207-216.
Suii.n.a r i res research Flt'Erarn o'es: fined to process oil and hish £rade
hibterials frc-hi tnuniciFal refuse wh i ch would find a re ids , hisli value n.ir>el.
•T i n.ar i Is describes the recovers of tlast. albrmnum and Piroll-t.c o-l.
DESCRIPTORS {INC):':
F;ecsclins of «>iaste F r oduct &--U. S.
Refuse as fuel--U.S.
Glass and £lass industry — U.S.
ftl iifn i'nufii-'-U. S".
PROFILE TERMS (BUCK):
Materials management
Power resources
Sol id u'Ej'.et
TP 995
READY FOR NEW COMMAND:
LR:-76-<.315 ITEM A15 OF 557 IN SET 6
Sher idan > John H.
"Garbage power." Industry week, v. 189, AFT. 19, 1976: 3S-A3, 45.
Describes technical /Methods of extract ins enerss from garbase now beii
explored.
DESCRIPTORS (INDX):
Refuse as fuel--U.S.
r-ROFlLE TERMS (BUCKi :
Power resources
Solid wastes
TP 360
READY FOR NEW COMMAND: -85-
-------
LRT76-4D72 ITEK 414 OF 557 IN SET 6
Hi tie-, Steven J.
Anofrtih i c disc-slier, of solid wtste and se^are slud&e into r«i-t hire-. Ctn.Fb&l
science, v. 17. Jen. 1976: 26-30.
Evaluates the potential for processing orti'. i: wE.s.tt-1 using anter oh i c
•jiseslion (a biological process wherein orsanic matter decomposes in an
out. Se n- def i c i ent SPi.ce); the Fr&cets ctn produce methane without i ncr e-i s i rig
air pollution.
DESCRIPTORS a<>te Products
Methane
Refuse as fu&l
Air pollution control
PROFILE TEFKS
-------
Li:--5-ri775 ITEM 390 OF 5L7 IN SET t
Ir,c.r,erator and solid w&sU Uchnolot*: i colU^l.or, of FtF*rs or, th^sub-ecl
o< incir.erelor and so', id wt't* 1 echnol osv I'IM- JSd2-1971.. K'e u- Yorl, rinerictn
Socie-ls of MeChiniCol Eniiri&ert 197b ^15 F.
"This voUT,,e htt b&( r, preFsre-J BI a SD-TC* of i nf c ri..ojn c,r, on n.cirisrtUr
and i&lici nasle- technolcsB at F r *• te fUtJ ni-r/r.j. lh« Fc.it 13 tt-i.r« m Fiftrs
nhich art ccr,£idt-r*d to be of F-er i,.c nent .r.'.r-re^t or vtlue-, Ir.jt i.-hich htv* nol
teen puf.li&he-d hsre-l of or€- in 3 n.tnn«T thtt ruLk&s th«-m reidilb «r
£v&ilahle to Ihe- ens, i ne-er i n£ F rof e: 6 i en. "
DESCr.IF10F.-S. (INDX):
Re-fuse and refuse- di SF 0£» l--flddre-E st £ • sl»Leiienl s i e-. c .
FFOFILE TERMS (BUCK):
So 1 i d foE-t tj
EF- (Re itch) LIMITED AVAILABILITY
KtftDY FOF; N'EW COMMAND:
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Federal Government Agencies
with Environmental Program
Responsibilities
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
Environmental Protection Agency
Regional Office, Region IV
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia
Administrator (404) 881-5727
Public Affairs Director (404) 881-3004
Environmental Protection Agency, Headquarters
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs (OSWMP)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Sheldon Meyers, Deputy Assistant Administrator (202) 755-9170
Information (202) 755-0707
Technical Information Staff, Thomas F. Williams (202) 755-9170
The OSWMP is the central office in EPA concerned with all
aspects of solid waste, including both resource recovery and
hazardous waste. This office administers programs, conducts
research, provides information, and provides technical assistance
in all the various areas of solid waste management and disposal.
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Federal Government Agencies
with Environmental Program
Responsibilities
Resource Recovery — Energy
Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
Assistant Administrator for Conservation
20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20545
(202) 376-4934 Information (202) 376-4064
Austin N. Heller, Assistant Administrator
This office is responsible for research and development of
energy conservation measures, including extraction of energy
from solid waste such as municipal garbage.
Bureau of Mines
College Park Metallurgy Research Center
College Park, Maryland
The Bureau of Mines operates a demonstration resource recovery
plant which processes raw urban refuse into recovered materials
and fuel.
National Science Foundation
Division of Advanced Environmental Research and Technology
Regional Environmental Management Program
1800 G Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20550
(202) 632-4356 Information (202) 632-5728
Josephine K. Doherty, Program Manager
This office of NSF makes grants for research into waste pro-
cessing and management.
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Federal Government Agencies
with Environmental Program
Responsibilities
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20550
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water and
Hazardous Materials
Office of Pesticide Programs
(202) 755-8036 Information (202) 755-0707
Edwin L. Johnson, Deputy Assistant Administrator
Office of Toxic Substances
(202) 755-8040 Information (202) 755-0707
Glenn E. Schweitzer, Director
Criteria and Standards Division, Hazardous Discharge
(202) 755-0100
Kenneth Mackenthun
This office develops toxic effluent and hazardous dis-
charge standards.)
Information Branch, Office of Pesticide Programs
(202) 426-2432
Paul Fuschini
Office of Toxic Substances
(202) 755-6956
Joni Repash
Department of Health, Education and Welfare
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
National Center for Toxicological Research
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20852
(301) 443-3155 (Research Center located in Jacksonville, Alabama
This agency conducts research on effects of toxic substances on the
environment and on man.
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tederaj Covi > nment uai i
and Information Centers
Resource Recovery and Hazardou- Waste
SWIRS-Solid Waste Information Retrieval System
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 755-9153 Information, (202) 755-0707
John A. Connolly, Chief
This system operated by the Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs, collects and disseminates information on all aspects
of solid waste management and disposal, including both resource
recovery for energy and materials, and hazardous waste management
and disposal. In response to a request on a SWIRS Search Request
form (available from the above-listed office), SWIRS will make
a comprehensive computerized search for any type of information
on any topic related to solid waste management. In addition to
citations, SWIRS sends abstracts of publications which may then
be requested on interlibrary loan.
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Federal Government Data Systems
and Information Centers
Hazardous Waste
Toxicology Information Program of MEDLARS—
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System
National Library of Medicine
Bethesda, Maryland
A computerized information retrieval system for information
and data on toxicological effects of various compounds.
Biomedical Studies Groups (BMS)
Environmental Information System Office
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P. 0. Box Y
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
(615) 483-8611 Ext. 3-5476
James Edward Huff, Ph.D., Director
Sponsors of this computerized information system are the
Toxicology Information Program of the National Library
of Medicine; the Forest Service, USDA; and the National Environ-
mental Research Center of EPA. Literature and data is stored and
retrieved on environmental pollutants.pesticides, industrial
chemicals, poisons, and a number of other toxicologically-related
subjects. Services include furnishing of abstracts, state-of-
the-art reviews, data compilations, critical reviews, and biblio-
graphies. Publications are sold through NTIS. Although ser-
vices are provided primarily for the sponsoring agencies, other
inquiries are handled as time permits.
Pesticide Effects on Health
Division of Community Studies
Environmental Protection Agency
Chamblee, Georgia
This office collects clinical and biochemistry information on
pesticides and their effects on health, and disseminates informa-
tion through publications and references services.
National Bureau of Standards
Chemical Kinetics Information Center
Bethesda, Maryland
This information organization collects and retrieves data of a
.technical nature on toxic results of chemical interactions.
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Federal Government Data Systems
and Information Centers
Hazardous Waste (continued)
STORET, Water Quality Technical Data and Information System
STORET Users' Assistance Office
(202) 426-7792
Louis Hoelman, Systems Analyst
The STORET system maintains a computerized file of water
quality data and other pollution control information. The
Users' Assistance Office is quite helpful in detailing the
capabilities of the system and assisting with requests for
particular types of information.
One of the inputs into the STORET system is the data from the
water quality sampling stations operated by various agencies.
An example of the variety of types of chemical agents sampled
for is included in the materials packet. This system represents
a valuable information resource. However, to use the STORET
system for locating and measuring levels of hazardous substances
in water resources requires rather sophisticated technical exper-
tise. The Users' Assistance Office will help a potential user
to find those capable of rendering such technical assistance.
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Conferences
The following listing is representative of conferences held during the
past year (1976) which were relevant to either the resource recovery or
hazardous waste fields. Contacts shown would be useful for arranging to
get copies of proceedings and for learning about upcoming conferences,
and as referral sources as well. For listings of 1977 conferences see the
examples of Solid Waste Report (p. 24) and Sludge (p. 8) under the section
on Newsletters.
Resource Recovery
March 10-15
National Association of Recycling Industries 64th Annual
Convention
Bal Harbour, Florida
Contact: NARI, 330 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017
May 4-6
31st Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference
West Lafayette, Indiana
Contact: A. J. Steffen, Room 310, Civil Engineering Building
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
May 23-26
National Waste Conference and Exhibit
Boston, Massachusetts
Contact: Paul Drummond, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017
July 25-30
Recycling Implementation Conference; Engineering and Economics
Rindge, New Hampshire
Contact: Engineering Foundation, 345 East 47th Street,
New York, New York 10017
Solid Waste Processing Conference
Oxford, Ohio
Contact: Richard A. Matula, Drexel Institute of Technology,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
-94-
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Conferences
Resource Recovery (continued)
December 8-10
5th National Conference on Waste Management Technology and
Resource Recovery
Dallas, Texas
Contact: National Solid Waste Management Association,
Jeanne Hayes, Suite 800
1730 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036
April 5-6
Combustion of Alternate Fuels and Combustion of Coal
Columbus, Ohio
Central States Section of the Combustion Institute
Contact: Battelle-Columbia Laboratories, 505 King Avenue,
Columbus, Ohio 43201
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Conferences
Hazardous Waste
September 26-29
National Agricultural Chemicals Association 43rd Annual Meeting
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
Contact: NACA, 1155 15th Street, N.W., Washington, O.C. 20005
December 9-10
Toxic Substances Symposium
Washington, D.C.
Contact: Nancy McNerney, Government Institutes, 4733 Bethesda
Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20014
-96-
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ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR %
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
solid waste £.'
(D
SECONDARY LITERATURE £
i
-------
Encyclopedias and Almanacs,
and Other General Introductory
Sources
McGraw-Hill/ Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Daniel N. Lapedes,
Editor, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971, pp. 573-581, "Solid Waste Disposal."
This general article summarizes the problems of solid waste in this
country today and discusses the basic mechanisms for disposing of it.
Three factors are predominantly responsible for the increased problem of
solid waste disposal since World War II: increased population, increased
urbanization, and increased generation of solid waste per person. The
increased per capita generation of solid waste is due to changes in
industrial and marketing techniques -- most notably the creation of new
packaging approaches, new items to be packaged (such as convenience foods),
and disposable products. Typical physical composition of municipal solid
waste by weight is 50 percent paper, 10 percent metal, 10 percent glass,
20 percent food wastes, 3 percent yard waste, 1 percent wood, 1 percent
plastic, 1 percent cloth and rubber, and 4 percent inert material.
In addition to municipal sources of wastes, two other types of sources
are discussed: agricultural wastes — the composition and volume of which
has changed significantly over recent years due to new methods of animal
and crop raising — and mineral and fossil fuel wastes. The total annual
solid waste load generated from municipal and industrial sources in the
United States is estimated at more than 3?6 million metric tons (a metric
ton = 2,204.62 pounds), 227 million metric tons of which are household,
commercial and municipal wastes and 99 million metric tons of which results
from industrial activities. Mineral solid waste generation is estimated
at 1 million metric tons annually and is expected to increase to nearly
2 million tons as well.
Several implications flow from these statistics. First, the public
health effects of this quantity of solid waste should not be underestimated.
Mismanagement of solid wastes has often resulted in water and air pollution,
in several different ways. Runoff and leachate from open dumps and land-
fills have contaminated ground and surface water. Open burning or
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Encyclopedias and Almanacs,
and Other General Introductory
Sources
incineration have resulted in air pollution. Harmful effects on human
health have come about through these and other more complex processes,
often as a result of incomplete knowledge of the interactive effects of
various residues and chemicals.
Apart from the health implications of this huge volume of solid waste
generation, the natural resources contained in these wastes — many of
them irreplaceable — are being lost forever to man's use. Formation of
iron ore, for example, requires millions of years of geological processes.
Extraction of this metal from the earth requires considerable time, effort,
and money. Iron ore is processed into a variety of materials and items
useful to man. However, when these items have lost their utility to man
they are discarded, as "solid waste," and usually buried, lost forever to
man's use. Alternatively, the iron used in the products could be recovered
and reused, repeatedly, thus conserving unmined reserves to the greatest
extent possible. The same is true for many other natural resources
utilized by man. Already shortages of some of the less common resources
have occurred which could have been avoided through wise disposal and
recovery processes. Increasingly, solid wastes are being seen as a
"resource out of place."
The four major techniques for disposing of solid waste are summarized in
this article: Sanitary landfilling, incineration, composting, and
recycling. Problems with composting and with recycling as newer techniques
are discussed particularly with respect to finding and/or developing mar-
kets for the products recovered. Secondary materials markets are thought
by many experts to potentially exist in many as yet unexplored areas.
Examples of such potentials include the development of animal feedstuffs
from cellulosic wastes such as paper and sugarcane waste, use of crushed
glass as a paving material, and many other types of possible uses for
waste materials which are presently being researched.
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Encyclopedias and Almanacs^
and Other General Introductory
Sources
Energy Recovery. One experimental energy-recovering project for
producing electrical power is also discussed. In what is known as a
"fluidized bed incinerator" (called CPL-400) solid waste is burned at
high pressure to produce hot gasses to power a turbine, which in turn
drives an electrical generator. Municipal waste has been found to be
an excellent fuel source, with a heating value of 2268 btu/kg —
approximately one-half the heating value of high grade coal.
The CPU-400 developed in Palo Alto, California by the Combustion Power
Company, is expected to produce about 15,000 kw of electric power, while
burning 363 metric tons of municipal refuse daily. Approximately 10 per
cent of the community's electric power needs are expected to be met by this
unit, thus also offsetting part of the disposal costs.
In conclusion, this article notes that the solid waste management system
must be developed to suit the special requirements of each locality — in
view of the variations in nature and quantity of solid wastes and economic
conditions. The ideal is that each system permit maximum resource
recovery, with hygienic and pollution-free collection, and safe disposal
of non-recyclable materials.
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Bibliographies
1975 Annual Index
Weekly Government Abstracts (WGA)
Environmental Pollution and Control Series
NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 557-4600
Using this index (the 1976 Annual Index was not yet available), the
following compilation of Federal and Federally-sponsored research
reports was made. All of these are available from NTIS. The NTIS
order number is indicated on the bottom left of the entry. Prices for
paper copy (PC) and microfilm (MF) are indicated on the bottom right.
Index headings searched for the topic of resource recovery for energy,
and for the topic of hazardous waste management are underlined and
preceded by the word "See:".
Resource Recovery — Energy
See: Energy Sources
Pyrolysis System Evaluation Study
N 75-18722/9 way PC $16.25/MF $2.25
Energy Recovery from Solid Waste, Vol. 2: Technical Report
N 75-25292/4 way PC $8.00/MF $2.25
Synthetic Fuels from Municipal, Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
(a bibliography with abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/655/1 way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
Fuel Gas Production from Solid Waste
PB-245 083/1 way PC $6.95/MF $25.00
See: Energy Conversion
Fuel from Organic Matter
AD-A002 204/6 way PC $4.00/MF $2.25
Fuel from Organic Matter: Possibilities for the State of California
AD-A002 212/9 way PC $3.50/MF $2.25
Energy Recovery from Solid Waste Vol. 1: Summary Report
N 75-20830/6 way PC $4.00/MF $2.25
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Bibliographies
Resource Recovery — Energy (continued)
See: Reclamation
Conversion of Cellulosic Wastes to Oil
PB-240 839/1 way PC $4.00/MF $2.25
Waste Automotive Lubricating Oil Reuse as Fuel
PB-241 357/3 way PC $7.75/MF $2.25
Refuse Disposal
St. Louis/Union Electric Refuse Firing Demonstration
Air Pollution Test Report
PB-237 630/9 way PC $5.50/MF $2.25
Fuel Gas Production from Solid Waste
PB-238 068/1 way PC $7.50/MF $2.25
Fuel Gas Production from Solid Waste
PB-238 563/1 way PC $5.00/MF $2.25
St. Louis Refuse Processing Plant: Equipment, Facility, and
Environmental Evaluations
PB-243 634/3 way PC $5.50/MF $2.25
Characterizing Combustible Portions of Urban Refuse for
Potential Use as Fuel
PB-224 780/3 way PC $4.40/MF $2.25
Solid Waste
Where the Boilers Are. A Survey of Electric Utility Boilers with
Potential Capacity for Burning Solid Waste as Fuel
PB-239 392/4 way PC $10.00/MF $2.25
A Study of Federal Subsidies to Stimulate Resource Recovery
PB-239 736/2 way PC $6.00/MF $2.25
Financing in Solid Waste Management Design
PB-241 013/2 way PC $4.50/MF $2.25
Fuels from Municipal Refuse for Utilities: Technology Assessment
PB-242 413/3 way PC $7.50/MF $2.25
Fuel Gas Production from Solid Waste
PB-245 083/1 way PC $6.75/MF $2.25
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Bibliographies
Resource Recovery — Energy (continued)
Solid Waste (continued)
Pilot Plant Development of a Fluidized Bed Incineration Process
RFP-2271 PC $3.50/MF $2.25
Converting Cellulosic Waste to Fuel: A Literature Review
AD-A009 400/3 way PC $3.50/MF $2.25
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Bibliographies
Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal
See: Hazardous Materials
Hazardous Material Waste Disposal (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/285/7 way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
Hazardous Materials Transportation (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/286/5 way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
An Appraisal of the Problem of the Handling, Transportation, and
Disposal of Toxic and Other Hazardous Materials
PB-236 599/7 way PC $7.50/MF $2.25
Alternatives to the Management of Hazardous Wastes at National
Disposal Sites, Volume II, Appendices
PB-237 264/7 way PC S8.00/MF $2.25
Control of Oil and Other Hazardous Materials
PB-238 096/2 way PC $7.50/MF $2.25
Promising Technologies for Treatment of Hazardous Wastes
PB-238 145/7 way PC $4.00/MF $2.25
Identification Systems for Selecting Chemicals or Chemical Classes
as Candidates for Evaluation
PB-238 196/0 way PC $6.75/MF $2.25
Industrial Solid Waste Classification Systems
PB-239 119/1 way PC $11.00/MF $2.25
Industry Survey of Test Methods of Potential Health Hazard
PB-239 840/2 way PC $5.00/MF $2.25
Proceedings of the National Conference on Pesticide Containers,
Held at New Orleans, Louisiana on 28-30 November, 1972
PB-239 918/6 way PC $10.75/MF $2.25
Draft Economic Impact Assessment for the Proposed Toxic Substances
Control Act (S. 776)
PB-242 826/6 way PC $4.00/MF $2.25
Methods to Treat, Control and Monitor Spilled Hazardous Materials
PB-243 386/0 way PC $6.00/MF $2.25
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Bibliographies
Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal (continued)
See: Hazardous Materials Transportation
CHRIS: A Condensed Guide to Chemical Hazards
AD-A002 390/3 way PC $12.00/MF $2.25
Survey Study to Select a Limited Number of Hazardous Materials to
Define Amelioration Requirements, Volume I
AD-A004 311/7 way PC $7.50/MF $2.25
Hazardous Materials Transportation (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/286/5way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
See: Hazards
Methodology for Chemical Hazard Prediction
AD-A008 159/6 way PC $4.50/MF $2.25
NAVAIRSYSCOM Hazardous Material Safety Program
AD-A014 546/6 way PC $3.50/MF $2.25
See: Alabama
Economic Effects of Mercury Pollution on Commercial Fishing and
Recreation-Related Business on Pickwick Lake in Alabama
PB-237 506/1 way PC $5.50/MF $2.25
See: Solid Waste Disposal
Waste Processing and Pollution in the Chemical and Petrochemical
Industries—A Bibliography with Abstracts
NTIS/PS-74/118 way PC $20.00/MF $20.00
Textile Processing Wastes (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/080/2 way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
Hazardous Material Waste Disposal (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/285/7 way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
Water Processing and Pollution in the Chemical and Petrochemical
Industries (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/541/3 way PC $25.00/MF $25.00
Textile Processing Wastes (A Bibliography with Abstracts)
NTIS/PS-75/729/4 way PC $25.00/MP $25.00
Alternatives to the Management of Hazardous Wastes at National
Disposal Sites, Volume II. Appendices
PB-237 264/7 way PC $8.00/MF $2.25
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Bibliographies
Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal (continued)
Organic Compounds Entering Ground Water from a Landfill
PB-237 969/1 way MF $2.25
Promising Technologies for Treatment of Hazardous Wastes
PB-238 145/7 way PC $4.00/MF $2.25
Industrial Solid Waste Classification Systems
PB-239 119/1 way PC $11.00/MF $2.250
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Practices, Storage and
Primary Batteries Industries
PB-241 204/7 way PC $9.00/MF $2.25
Evaluation of Health Hazards Associated with Solid Waste/Sewage
Sludge Mixtures
PB-241/810/1 way PC $4.50/MF $2.25
Guidelines for the Disposal of Small Quantities of Unused Pesticides
PB-244 557/5 way PC $10.00/MF $2.25
Solid Wastes, Animal Refuse, and Organic Residues
Disposal and the Quality of Ground Water
PB-244 826/4 way PC $4.50/MF $2.25
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Practices, Inorganic
Chemicals Industry
PB-244 832/2 way
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Bibliographies
Council of Planning Librarians
Exchange Bibliographies
P. 0. Box 229
Monticello, Illinois 61856
(217) 762-3831
More than 1,200 bibliographies have been published by this
organization of librarians, faculty, professional planners, and
planning organizations. Prices depend upon length and range
from about $1.00 to nearly $10.00, with most running $2.00 to
$3.00. The following exchange bibliographies were selected as
most relevant:
#1126, Energy and Environmentally Appropriate Technologies:
A Selectively Annotated Bibliography by J. Peter Pasetzki,
1976, 22 p., $2.00.
#832, Local Public Service Site Selection: A Bibliography by
Anthony G. White, 1975, 6 p., $1.50.
#732, Problems, Planning, and Management of Solid Waste:
A Selected Research Bibliography, by Prakash C. Sharma,
1975, 14 p., $1.50.
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Bibliographies
Monthly Catalogue of Government Publications
Superintendent of Documents
Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C.
This publication series is available in many large libraries.
An annual index is published at the end of each year, either
in the December issue or separately, Those publications which
are Federal depository library items are so indicated. Reports
available from NTIS are so noted. All others are for sale
by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office.
As part of the current search on resource recovery and hazardous
waste management, the 1975 annual index was searched, as were
the November and December, 1976, monthly issues, citations
from these publications are shown below; the index category
searched is underlined and preceded by the words "Subject Index
Category." Subject and title indexes are also included in each
monthly catalogue to facilitate finding publications one already
knows about.
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Bibliographies
Resource Recovery
Monthly Catalogue of Government Publications
December, 1975—Annual Index
Subject Index Category: Waste products.
Entry #14703
Energy in solid waste, citizen guide to saving, (with selected
bibliography), 1975. 39 p. illustrated. Citizens Advisory
Committee on Environmental Quality. Includes list of previous
publications for sale by Superintendent of Documents. Paper
$1.25. Depository Item 851-J Pr 37.8:En 8/En 2/2
Entry #19062
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Contractor
Report Series. #2525 Energy Recovery from Solid Waste: Vol. 1
Summary report; by C. J. Huang and Charles Dalton. April, 1975
27 p. illustrated. Prepared by University of Houston, Houston,
Texas. For sale by NTIS. Paper $3.25 NAS 1.26:2525
Monthly Catalogue of Government Publications
November, 1976
Subject Index Category: Refuse as fuel.
Recycling (Waste, etc.)
Entry #76-8890
U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations Solid
Waste, Materials and Energy Recovery: Twenty-fifth Report by
the Committee on Government Operations, June 30, 1976, Washington,
GPO, 1976. Vol. 24 p. 24; (Report—94th Congress, 2d session,
House of Representatives; no. 94-1319) Includes bibliographical
references. Item 1008-A, pbk. OCLC 2478420
Monthly Catalogue of Government Publications
December, 1976
Subject Index Category: Recycling (Waste etc.)
Entry #76-9914
U.S. Congress, House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976: Report of the
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, U.S. House of
Representatives, on H.R. 14496. September 9, 1976—Washington, D.C.
GPO, 1976. 136 p.; 24 cm—(Report-94th Congress, 2d Session,
House of Representatives, no. 94-1491) Item 1008A, pbk. OCLC 2540549
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Bibliographies
Resource Recovery (continued)
Subject Index Category: Hazardous substances
Entry 876-9734
U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Hazardous
Materials Emergency Action Guide. U.S. Department of Transpor-
tation, 1976. vii 87 p. 23 cm. Item 982-D-3 pbk. OCLC 2496692
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Bibliographies
Hazardous Wastes
Monthly Catalogue of Government Publications
December, 1975—Annual Index
Subject Index Category: Hazardous substances
Entry #10446
EPA, Hazardous Waste Disposal Damage Reports (with list of
references) June, 1975 iv, 8 p., (EPA/530/SE-151; Current Report
on Solid Waste Management) Solid Waste Management Information
Materials Distribution, EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 Depository
Item 431-1-7 EP 1.17:151
Entry #10447
EPA, Industrial Waste Management, seven conference papers,
presented to National Conference on Management and Disposal
of Residues from Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters, Washington,
D.C., February, 1975. Ill p. illustrated (EPA/530/SW-156;
Current Report on Solid Waste Management) Prepared by Hazardous
Waste Management Division, Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs. Solid Waste Management Information Materials Distri-
bution, EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Depository Item 431-1-7
EF 1.17:156
Entry #12030
EPA, Hazardous wastes. 24 p. illustrated. For sale by Superin-
tendent of Documents, Paper 85C Depository Item 431-1-7
EP 1.17:138
Entry #13951
EPA, Landfill disposal of hazardous wastes, review of literature
and known approaches (with list of references). By Timothy
Fields, Jr., and Alfred W. Lindsey. June, 1975 iv + 36 p.
Hazardous Waste Management Division, Office of Solid Waste
Management Programs, Solid Waste Information, EPA, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268 Depository Item 431-1-7 EP 1.17:165
Entry #15219
Public Works Committee, Senate, Disposal of hazardous wastes,
Report to Congress by EPA pursuant to Sec. 212 of Solid Waste
Disposal Act as amended, June 1974. 81 p., 2 illustrations
(Committee print, 93d Congress, 2d session) Y4.P96/10:93-21
Entry #76-9734
U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Hazardous
materials emergency action guide, U.S. Department of Transporta-
tion, 1976, vii 87 p. illustrated, 23 cm. Item 982-D-3, pbk,
OCLC 2496692
-110-
-------
Bibliographies
Periodic SB Announcement Series
Superintendent of Documents
Washington, D.C. 20402
This announcement series publishes bibliographies of government
reports and documents pertaining to particular subject areas
on an irregular basis. One on solid waste management was published
recently and is included herein. Another one which was published
recently on phosphates and pesticides includes some materials
relating to the subject of hazardous waste and so is also included.
-Ill-
-------
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
WASHINGTON. O.C. 20402 SB - 095
September 29, 1976
NOTICE
Pricei shown were in effect on the above date. Government document*' prices are subject to change without prior notice.
Therefore, prices in effect when your order is filled may differ from prices on this list. Since it is not feasible to change
prices shown in Government document* in print, the price printed in a document may differ from the price in effect when
your order is processed.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Accounting System for Incinerator Operations. 1970. 17 p.
HE 20.1402:In 2 017-014-00001-3 $ .75
Cannery Waste Treatment by Anaerobic Lagoons and Oxidation Ditch. 1973.
110 p.il. EP 1.23/2:73-017 055-001-00503-2 2.10
Conprehensive Study of Solid Waste Disposal in Cascade County, Mont., Final
Report on a Solid Haste Demonstration. 1970. 188 p.il.
HE 20.1402:C 26 017-014-00003-0 2.80
Computer Planning for Efficient Solid Waste Collection. 1972. 24 p.
EP 1.17:5 RG. 1 055-002-00078-9 .40
Decision-Makers Guide in Solid Waste Management. 1975. 192 p.
EP 1.17:500 055-002-00145-9 3.10
Demonstration of Haste Disposal System for Livestock Wastes. 1973. 50 p.il.
EP 1.23/2:73-245 055-001-00593-8 1.15
Design Criteria for Solid Waste Management in Recreational Areas. 1972. 76 p.
EP 1.17:91 TS 055-002-00086-0 1.25
Energy in Solid Waste, A Citizen Guide to Saving. 1974. 39 p.il.
Pr 37.8:En 8/En 2/2 040-000-00319-3 1.25
Energy Recovery From Waste, Solid Waste as Supplementary Fuel in Power Plant
Boilers. 1973. 24 p.il. EP 1.17:36 D.ll 055-002-00116-5 .45
EPA Legal Compilation, Solid Waste. 1972. 640 p.il.
EP 1.5/3:So 4/v.l 055-000-00066-2 4.50
Supplenent to above. EP 1.5/3:So 4/v.l/supp.2 055-000-00125-1 2.20
Evaluation of Health Hazards Associated With Solid Waste/Sewage Sludge Mixtures.
1975. 48 p.il. EP 1.23/2:670/2-75-023 055-001-01015-0 1.10
__Feasibility Study of the Disposal of Polyethylene Plastic Waste. 1971. 45 p.il.
EP 3.2-.P 76 055-002-00036-3 1.10
-112-
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Solid Waste Management . . . Page 2
Gaseous Emissions From Municipal Incinerators. 1974. 72 p.
EP 1.17:18 C 055-002-00124-6 $ .75
A Handbook for Initiating or Inproving Commercial Refuse Collection. 1975.
68 p.il. EP 1.17:85 D 055-002-00140-8 1.40
Heuristic Routing for Solid Waste Management Collection Vehicles. 1974. 52 p.
EP 1.17:113 055-002-00120-3 1.05
__Hospital Wastes. 1974. 36 p.il. EP 1.17:129-2 055-002-00134-3 .75
Inproving Productivity in Solid Waste Collection, Brief for Elected Officials.
1975. 10 p.il. Pr 37.8:P 94/W 28 052-003-00081-4 .50
Inproving Rural Solid Waste Practices. 1973. 83 p.il.
EP 1.17:107 055-002-00115-7 1.20
Industrial Chemicals Solid Waste Generation, Significance of Process Change,
Resource Recovery, and Improved Disposal. 1974. 142 p.il.
EP 1.23/2:670/2-74-078 055-002-00133-5 2.15
Intergovernmental Approaches to Solid Waste Management, Action Plan. 1971.
17 p. EP 3.2:In 8 055-002-00001-1 .70
A Legislative History of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, As Amended. 1974. 512 p.
Y 4.P 96/10:93-22 052-070-02577-8 4.30
Library Holding, Non-Periodical Federal Solid Waste Management Program. 1974.
'116 p. EP 1.17:123 055-002-00126-2 1.80
Making Polyethylene More Disposable. 1973. 28 p.il.
EP 1.17:14 C.I 055-002-00101-7 .45
Mathematical Modeling of Solid Waste Collection Policies, Vol. 1-2. 1970.
309 p.il. HE 20.1402:M 42/v.l,2 017-014-00017-0 3.70
Method for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste, 1971. 1971. 336 p.
EP 2.10:16020-07/71 055-001-00067-7 5.00
Mission 5000, A Citizens Solid Waste Management Project. 1972. 16 p.
EP 1.17:115 TS 055-002-00087-8 .70
Municipal-Scale Incinerator Design and Operation. 1973. 108 p.
EP 1.17:13 TS 055-002-00102-5 1.55
Ocean Disposal of Barge Delivered Liquid and Solid Waste From U.S. Coastal Cities.
1971. 119 p.il. EP 3.2:0c 2 055-002-00035-5 1.95
Oregon's Bottle Bill, The First Six Months. Reviews the impact of Oregon's lav
requiring all beer and soft drink containers sold in Oregon to carry refund values.
1973. 17 p. EP 1.17:109 055-002-00111-4 .35
Pharmaceutical Industry Hazardous Waste Generation, Treatment and Disposal. 1976.
192 p. . EP 1.17:508 055-002-00147-5 2.55
Physical-Chemical Treatment of Municipal Wastes by Recycled Magnesium Carbonate.
1974. 128 p. EP 1.23/2:660/2-74-055 055-001-00979-8 1.90
-113-
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Solid Waste Management . . . Page 3
Potential Solid Waste Generation and Disposal Fran Lire and Limestone Desulfuri-
zation Processes. 1974. 22 p.il. I 28.27:8633 024-004-01578-1 S .65
Proceedings, Public Meetings on Hazardous Waste Management, 1975. 1976. 1736 p.
il. EP 1.17:9 P/v.1-2 055-002-00150-5 14.00
Proceedings of 1975 Conference on Waste Reduction. 1975. 187 p.
EP 1.17:7 P 055-002-00143-2 2.40
Proposals for a Refuse Disposal System in Oakland County, Mich., Final Report on a
Solid Waste Demonstration Grant Project. 1970. 146 p.il.
HE 20.1402:0a 4 017-014-00005-6 2.25
Recovering Resources Prom Solid Waste Using Wet-Processing, EPA's Franklin, Ohio
Demo Project. 1974. 32 p. EP 1.17:47 D 055-002-00132-7 .65
__Recycling Assessment and Prospects for Success. 1972. 16 p.
EP 1.17:81 055-002-00088-6 .35
Regional Management of Solid Wastes, A Planning Study. 1973. 12 p.
EP 1.17:80.1 055-002-00104-1 .35
Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis of Nine Everage Container Alternatives,
Final Report. 1974. 178 p.il. EP 1.17:91 C 055-002-00131-9 2.50
Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction. 1975. 95 p.
EP 1.17:161 055-002-00141-6 1.80
Resource Recovery Plant Implementation, Guide for Municipal Officials:
Further Assistance. 1975. 30 p. EP 1.17:157.8 055-002-00153-0 .90
Markets. 1976. 47 p. EP 1.17:157.3 055-002-00152-1 1.15
Role of Packaging in Solid Waste Management, 1966 to 1976 (Condensation). 1972.
32 p.il. EP 1.17:5 C.2 055-002-00057-6 .70
Safe and Sanitary Home Refuse Storage. Reprinted 1971. 5 p.
EP 3.2:R 25/971 055-002-00009-6 .35
The Salvage Industry — What It Is, How It Works. 1973. 32 p.
EP 1.17:29 C.I 055-002-00108-4 .70
San Diego County Demonstrates Pyrolysis of Solid Wastes to Recover Liquid Fuel,
Metals and Glass. 1975. 27 p.il. EP 1.17:SW-80 D.2 055-002-00138-6 .75
Sanitary landfill. One Part Earth to Four Parts Refuse. 1970. 24 p.
EP 1.17:6 055-002-00092-4 .50
Scrap Tires As Artificial Reefs. 1974. 36 p.
EP 1.17:119 055-002-00123-8 .65
Separating Paper at the Waste Source for Recycling. 1974. 12 p.
EP 1.17:128 055-002-00129-7 .35
Size Reduction of Solid Waste. 1974. 6 p.
EP 1.17:129 055-002-00125-4 .35
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Solid Waste Management . . .
Solid Waste Demonstration Projects, Proceedings of a Synposium. 1972. 256 p.il.
EP 1.17:4 P 055-002-00095-9
Solid Waste Management, Abstracts and Excerpts Prom the Literature, Vol. 1-2.
1970. 473 p.il. HE 20.1402:M 31 017-014-00011-1
Solid Waste Management in Recreational Forest Areas. 1971. 96 p.il.
~~~ EP 3.2:R 24 055-002-00006-1
Solid Waste Management in Residential Corrplexes. 1972. 420 p.il.
EP 1.17:35 C
Page 4
$2.55
5.25
1.70
055-002-00060-6 4.70
Solid Waste Recycling Projects, A National Directory. 1973. 284 p.
EP 1.17:45 055-100-00105-7
State Program implementation Guide, Hazardous Waste Transportation Control. 1976.
"40 p. EP 1.17:512 055-002-00146-7
Study of Solid Waste Collection Systems. 1972. 32 p.
EP 1.17:9 C.I
055-002-00079-7
Use of Domestic Waste Glass for Urban Paving, Sumnary Report. 1975. 60 p.
EP 1.23/2:670/2-75-053 055-001-01020-6
Use of Solid Waste as a Fuel by Investor-Owned Electric Utility Corpanies. 1975.
"62 p. EP 1.17:6 P 055-002-00139-4
Waste Automotive Libricating Oil Reuse as a Fuel. 1974. 224 p.
EP 1.23/3:600/5-74-032 055-001-00969-1
Waste Control and Abatement in the Processing of Sweet Potatoes. 1974. 60 p.
EP 1.23/2:660/2-73-021 055-001-00975-5
2.35
.85
.65
1.15
1.15
2.85
1.15
NOTICE
Prices shown were in effect on the date indicated on this list Government documents' prices are subject to change without
prior notice Therefore, prices in effect when your order is filled may differ from prices on the list Since it is not feasible to
change prices shown in Government documents in print, the price printed in a document may differ from the price in effect
when your order is processed
MAIL ORDER FORM To
Superintendent of Document*, U S Government Printing Office, Washington. DC 20402
Enclosed find t (thick or money order payable to the Superintendent o\ Dotiimenls)
(Pleair do not itnd ca>b or stamps )
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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF ICE
SUPERINTENDENT OPOOCUMENTS
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20402 SB-101
September 30, 1976
NOTICE
Prices shown were in effect on the above date. Government documents' prices are subject to change without prior notice.
Therefore, prices in effect when your order is filled may differ from prices on this list. Since it is not feasible to change
prices shown in Government documents in print, the price printed in a document may differ from the price in effect when
your order is processed.
PHOSPHATES AND PESTICIEES
Apply Pesticides Correctly, A Guide For:
Conmercial Applicators. 1976. 44 p. il.
A l.U/3:P 43 055-004-00006-4 $ 1.60
Private Applicators. 1975. 24 p. il.
A 1.1V3:P 43/2 055-004-00007-2 1.00
Apply Pesticides Correctly, A Programed Instruction Learning Program
for Private Applicators. Rev. 1976. 178 p. il.
EP 1.2:P 43/10/976 055-004-00010-2 3.15
Automated Water Monitoring Instrument for Phosphorus Contents. 1973.
26 p. il. EP 1.23/5:73-026 055-001-00622-5 .80
A Conceptual Model for the Movement of Pesticides Through the Environ-
ment. 1974. 89 p. il. EP 1.23:660/3-74-024 055-001-00973-9 1.75
Crop Insurance and Information Services to Control Use of Pesticides.
1974. 96 p. EP 1.23/3:600/5-74-018 055-001-00953-4 1.55
Developmental Document for Effluent Limitation Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Other Non-Fertilizer Phosphate
Chemicals Segment of the Phosphate Manufacturing Point Source Category.
1976. 116 p. il. EP 1.8/3-.P 56/2/976 055-001-01046-0 1.80
Development of Phosphate-Free Heavy Duty Detergents. 1974. 234 p.
il. EP 1.23/2:600/2-74-003 055-001-00777-9 2.65
EPA Legal Compilation - Pesticides. Statutes and Legislative History,
Executive Orders, Regulations, Guidelines and Reports. (T/tAee volume* -
Aotd in &
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PHOSPHATES W4D PESTICIEES - Cont'd Page 2
Evaluation of Flame Emission Determination of Phosphorus in Water.
1973. 24 p. EP 1.23/2:660/2-73-007 055^001-00661-6 $ .60
Factors Affecting the Accumulation of Nitrate in Soil, Water, and
Plants. Re.povt& on xeAe-Oteh involving pesticides. 1971. 63 p. il.
A 1.76:413 001-000-01383-1 1.05
___The Fate of Select Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment. Contains a
WiAesViial-aquatic. model e,cjo&y&te.m that can be. use.d to assess the.
potential. e.nvifianme.ntal impact o& new pesticides faerfo-te they ans. give.n
a. 42commendation £01 general u*e. Reprinted 1976. 83 p.
EP 1.23:660/3-74-025 055-001-00995-0 2.10
The Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972 - Highlights.
1973. 8 p. EP 1.5/2:P 43 055-000-00092-1 .35
The Florida Phosphate Slimes Problem - A Review and a Bibliography.
1974. 48 p. il. I 28.27:8668 024-004-01718-0 1.05
Geology and Phosphate Deposits of the Permian Rocks in Central West-
ern Montana. 1973. 833 p. il., 5 pi. in pocket.
I 19.16-.313-F 024-001-02201-0 3.15
Guidelines for the Disposal of Small Quantities of Unused Pesticides.
1975. 344 p. EP 1.23/2:670/2-75-057 055-001-01027-3 4.25
Herbicide Contamination of Surface Runoff Waters. 1973. 99 p. il.
EP 1.23/2:73-266 055-001-00621-7 1.75
Investigation of a New Phosphate Removal Process. Reprinted 1973.
75 p. il. EP 2.10:17010 DJA 11/70 055-001-00115-1 1.45
losses of Fertilizers and Pesticides From Claypan Soils. 1974. 88
p. EP 1.23/2:660/2-74-068 055-001-00944-5 1.45
Metabolism of Pesticides - An Update. 1974. 487 p. il.
I 49.15/3:184 024-010-00396-1 5.55
Microbial Degradation and Accumulation of Pesticides in Aquatic
Systems. 1975. 56 p. EP 1.23:660/3-75-007 055-001-01010-9 1.10
* * *
Pesticide Study Series: A seM.es conc&Jine.d with the. me.thodt> to aontnal
the. *ieZe.ai>e. o£ puticidu into the. ejnvinonmtnt, the, &ate. and peju>i&te.nce.
oj puticid&A in. the. aquatic. e.nvifionme.nt and alternatives to pesticide*.
1. Catalog of Research in Aquatic Pest Control and Pesticide Residues
in Aquatic Environments. 1972. 364 p. il.
EP 2.25:1 055-001-00355-2 4.15
4. Development of a Case Study of the Total Effect of Pesticides in
the Environment, Non-Irrigated Croplands of the Midwest. 1972. 536
p. il. EP 2.25:4 055-001-00394-3 5.75
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PHOSPHA3ES AND PESTICIDES - Cont'd Page 3
Pesticide Study Series - Oont'd
5. Pollution Potential in Pesticide Manufacturing. 1972. 278 p. il.
EP 2.25:5/2 055-001-00421-4 $ 3.40
11. Laws and Institutional Mechanisms Controlling the Release of
Pesticides into the Environment. 1972. 140 p. il.
EP 2.25:11 055-001-00424-9 2.15
Pesticide Transport and Runoff Model for Agricultural Lands. 1973.
211 p. EP 1.23/2:660/2-74-013 055-001-00839-2 2.40
Pesticides Abstracts. (Monthly and Annual Index.) TktA pofatc.cott.oit
fto&t&u cuM&nt aiaoAenzAA ofa &it ma jo A woiJLduide. titeAatutie. peAtoiLn-
ijiQ to the, e^ecti orf puticLdu on human*. It Ae.pnese.ntA a monthly
Aevieu) oi moAe. than 500 domestic, and ion&ign jouAnate. Subscription
price: Domestic - $18.25 a year, $1.40 single copy, $2.35 annual
index; foreign - $22.85 a year, $1.75 single copy, $2.95 annual index.
(HAPS-File Gode 2M) EP 5.9:
Pesticides in the Illinois Waters of Lake Michigan. 1974. 68 p.
EP 1.23:660/3-74-002 055-001-00954-2 1.25
Pesticides Monitoring Journal. (Quarterly.) A new Federal jouAnat
devoted tihotty to inloAmation on putLu.de. teveJk negative, to man and
kU environment. RepoAts utttl be Ae&tAicted to tho&e. deataig wWi
data. gatheJie.d from aiA, eattfi, wateA, food, and LLff., by the. va/iioua
monitoiins p*aQiumi> opeA&tecf by the. Ftdwal GovzAnmentt State*,
univeA&iJtieA, ho&pttaJte and non-a.oveAnme.nt lutasich institutions.
Subscription price: Domestic - $7.90 a year, $2.00 single copy; For-
eign - $9.90 a year, $2.50 single copy.
(PM3J-File Code 2Q) Pr 37.8:En 8/P 43/
Phosphorus Derived Chemicals Segment of the Phosphate Manufacturing
Point Source Category. 1974. 154 p. il.
EP 1.8/3:P 56/974 055-003-00078-5 1.90
Phosphorus Release fron Lake Sediments. 1973. 185 p. il.
EP 1.23:73-024 055-001-00548-2 2.65
Phosphorus Removal by Ferrous Iron and Lime. 1971. 71 p. il.
EP 1.16:11010 EGO 0V
71 055-001-00230-1 1.45
Protecting Honey Bees fron Pesticides. Rev. 1972. 6 p. il.
A 1.35:544/3 001-000-02467-1 .35
-118-
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PHOSPHA1ES AND PESTICIDES - Oont'd Page 4
Safe Use of Pesticides in the Hone, in the Garden. Give* advize, on
cant/wiling put& in the. home, and gaJude.n by the. piopeA uie o/j pesticide*.
TeJUA how to piopeAly Atone, and apply pesticide* &a.&eJly and how to pw-
tuct wildlife, &it>h, CAOP&, plant*, and drinking wateA iahe.n applying
$ .35
pesticide*. Rev. 1972. 6 p. il.
A 1.68:589/2
001-000-02584-8
200 M5D Activated Sludge Plant Removes Phosphorus by Pickle Liquor, With
055-001-00704-3
References. 1973.
140 p. il.
EP 1.23/2:670/2-73-050
Volatilization Losses of Pesticides From Soils. 1974. 88 p.
EP 1.23/2:660/2-74-054 055-001-00962-3
Working Safely With Pesticides. 1976. 34 p. il.
HE 20.7108:P 43
017-033-00126-0
1.50
1.45
.55
NOTICE
Prices shown were in effect on the date indicated on this list Government documents' prices are subject to change without
prior notice Therefore, prices in effect when your order is filled may differ from prices on the list Since it is not feasible to
change prices shown in Government documents in print, the price printed in a document may differ from the price in effect
when your order is processed.
MAIL ORDER FORM To
Superintendent of Documents, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D C 20402
Encloted find S .. . . (fhtth or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents)
(Pirate do not lend cash or tlampi )
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Bibliographic Search Aids
and Services
Government Catalogs and
Index Publications
EPA Book Catalogue
Holdings for the Year 1975
Library Systems Branch
Management and Organization Division
June, 1976
Holdings of all the EPA Regional Libraries, research laboratories,
and other EPA facilities with libraries are indexed in this pub-
lication. Those books not available at a given library convenient
to the potential user (such as the Region IV library in Atlanta)
may be borrowed through interlibrary loan.
A search was made for books relevant to the topics of resource
recovery and hazardous waste management. The following books
were found. Index categories searched are underlined and pre-
ceded by the word "See:". Numerical and alphabetical codes
following the book citations refer to which libraries have this
book. Library code numbers are indicated in the first part of
the EPA Book Catalogue; they are also listed in the Guide to
EPA Libraries, included in the general reference guide materials
packet.
-120-
-------
Bibliographic Search Aids
and Services
Government Catalogs and
Index Publications
Resource Recovery — Energy
See: Resource Recovery (nothing listed under this category)
See: Energy
Exploring Energy Choices, A Preliminary Report, Ford Foundation
Energy Policy Project, TJ 153.F6 at 3A and 5B.
Future Energies, Roy Meador, Ann Arbor Science, TJ 153.M37
at 2B, 3A, 5B.
See: Solid Waste Disposal
Resource Recovery Thru Incineration Papers, National Incinerator
Conference, Miami, Florida, 1974 AMSE (American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, Incineration Division) TD796.N37 @2B (TD
796.NA)
See: Solid Waste Management
Our Effluent Society, States and Solid Waste Management
Council of State Governments, 1974 JS 308.C6 @5A
Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste
National Center for Resource Recovery, Lexington Books, 1974
TD 794.5.N37 @ 2B & 5B
See: Solid Waste Management Original
States Roles in Solid Waste Management; A Task Force Report
Council of State Governments TD 788.C68 @ 1A and 5A.
See: Solid Wastes
Recycling and Reclaiming of Municipal Solid Wastes, Frederick
R. Jackson in Pollution Technology Review No. 17, Noyes Data
Corporation, 1975. TD 794.5 J 32 @ 2B, 2B, 5A, 5B, 8A
See: Power Resources
Energy from Solid Waste, 1974, Frederick R. Jackson, Noyes Data
Corporation, TD 765.J33 @ 3B, 4B, 5A, 8A, 10B
-121-
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Bibliographic Search Aids
and Services
Government Catalogs and
Index Publications
Resource Recovery — Energy (continued)
See: Methane
Bio Gas Plant Generating Methane from Organic Wastes
Ram B. Singh, Gobar Gas Reserve Station, 1971, QD 305.H6S5, @ 5B
-122-
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Bibliographic Search Aids
and Services
Government Catalogs and
Index Publications
Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal
EPA Book Catalogue
See: Hazardous Substances
Hazardous Materials Handbook, James H. Meidl, 1972, Glencoe, Illinois
@ 4D and 5B. TH9446.I 47 M44
See: Hazardous Chemicals
Hazardous Chemicals Data, National Fire Protection Association,
NFPA, e 3A (1973), 5B (1975), 7A (1973) QD 65.N28
See: Hazardous Substances Congress
Control of Hazardous Material Spills, National Conference on Control
of Hazardous Materials Spills, 1974, AICE T55.3.H3 N3 @ 1A, 3A, 3B,
3C, 4A, 4G, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, 10A
-123-
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Bibliographic Search Aids
and Services
Commercial Indexes
Congressional Information Service (CIS)
Index and Abstracts
7101 Wisconsin Avenue
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
301/654-1550
When they are available in a library accessible to the potential
user, the CIS Index and accompanying CIS Abstracts can be quite
helpful in identifying and learning briefly about legislation,
Congressional reports, hearings, testimony, and other Congressional
information pertinent to a given subject area.
Citations and abstracts from some of the CIS material relevant to
the two topic areas being searched, resource recovery and
hazardous waste management, are given below.
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CIS
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
House Interstate & Forei'gn Commerce Committee
Symposium on Resource Conservation & Recovery
April 6, 7, 1976
Transcript of Subcommittee on Transportation & Commerce
symposium on resource conservation and recovery from
discarded materials. Focuses on problems caused by
discarded materials and on technological and financial
assistance available from private enterprise.
Session on April 7, 1976; pp. 51-76 deal with varying
views on the appropriate role and jurisdiction of States,
cities, regions, and Federal Government in resource
recovery; effects of State laws prohibiting interstate
garbage transport or disposal; nature of community options
for recovery plants; results of Wisconsin study on
feasibility and funding of regional recycling facilities.
Those testifying in this regard were:
Sheldon Albert, City Solicitor, Philadelphia, Pa.
David T. Bardin, Director, New Jersey State Environmental
Protection Agency
Sheldon Meyers, Deputy Administrator for Solid Waste, EPA
Bentley B. MacKay, Director, Louisiana Governor's Council
on Environmental Quality
Arloe Paul, Chairman, Wisconsin State Recycling Task Force
Frank Raflo, National Association of Counties
Session on April 7, 1976; pp.78-102 deal with the nature of
the Office of Technology Assessment's (OTA) mission; des-
cription of operating demonstration projects for recycling
paper and producing fuel gas and electricity from waste pro-
ducts; diversity of recovery systems needed throughout the
U.S.; factors in private vs. public funding for various types
of recovery plants.
Those testifying in this regard were:
Robert Kaplan, Office of Technology Assessment
Harvey Yakowitz, OTA
Richard B. Scudder, President, Garden State Paper Co.
R.J.Kulperger, Environmental Systems Division, Union
Carbide Corporation
Ben McDermott, Nashville Thermal Transfer Co.
Bernard Eichholz, City Manager, Franklin, Ohio
Ronald Schwegler, Los Angeles County, Calif., Sanitation
Districts
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CIS
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
(Transcript of House Subcommittee on Transportation
and Commerce, Cont'd.)
Session on April 7, 1976; pp. 103-126 deal with possible
arrangements for financing municipal recovery plants and
demonstration systems; funding differences between municipal
service facility and private corporate entrepreneur activi-
ties; function of investment bankers in facilities
construction and ownership; diverse recommendations on Federal
funding role.
Those testifying in this regard were:
Stephen G. Lewis, Director, Resource Recovery Programs,
Mitre Corporation
John Berenyi, Vice President, First National City Bank,
New York
Robert Aldrich, Vice President, White, Weld & Co.
John Kehoe, Jr., Vice President, Energy Systems Division,
Weehlabrator-Frye Inc.
Joseph Zbytniewski, Director, Business Control, Americology
Division of American Can Co.
Dorsey Lynch, Vice President of Public Finance, First
Boston Corp.
H.J.Young, Senior Vice President, Edison Electric Institute
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Resource Recovery - Energy
S721-35. Energy Research and Development and Small Business
Part 2A: Appendices, 1975.
Appendix volume to hearings on the roles of small business
and government in solar energy research and development.
Includes:
Section d: S.3714, the Family Farm Energy Conversion Act,
to encourage production of flammable gas from organic
waste; text and related FPC proceedings transcripts and
decision regarding Natural Gas Pipeline Co. (Docket No.
CP 75-147) petition to construct and operate a plant to
produce methane gas from animal wastes, together with
articles and related materials (p. 5574-5800).
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Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
H.R. 14496, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee
Subcommittee on Transportation and Commerce
June 29, 30, 1976
Hearings before the House Interstate Foreign Commerce Committee,
Subcommittee on Transportation and Commerce on H.R. 14496 (text,
pp. 3-96), The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976,
to facilitate recovery of energy and valuable materials from
solid waste by providing technical and financial assistance to
State and local governments for regional waste management plants
and local facilities, eliminating open dumps; and regulating
treatment of hazardous wastes.
Bill establishes an EPA Office of Discarded Materials and a
U.S. Resource Recovery Corporation to stimulate construction
of resource recovery facilities, and requires the Commerce Department
to develop specifications, markets, and information exchange for
recovered materials.
H501-59.1: June 29, 1976; pp. 97-117
Witness: Sheldon Meyers, Deputy Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste Management Programs, EPA
Statement and discussion: Objections to certain HR 14496 pro-
visions, including Recovery Corporation establishment, adequacy
of market mechanisms to finance resource recovery facilities;
nature of EPA efforts to encourage resource recovery; recommended
Federal and State roles in waste management.
H501-59.3: June 29, 1976; pp. 158-167.
Witness: Wesley E. Gilbertson, Wesley E., Deputy Secretary,
Pa. Dept. of Environmental Resources; representing
National Governor's Conference; accompanied by Moses
W. McCall, Chief, Land Protection Branch, Georgia
Dept. of Natural Resources; President, Association
of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management
Officials.
Statement and discussion: Complexity and extent of State
involvement in solid waste management; desire for HR 14496
regulatory changes to permit flexibility.
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Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
H501-59.4: June 29, 1976; pp.167-172.
Witness: W. Walter Neeley, State Senator, West Virginia,
representing National conference of State Legislatures
Statement and discussion: State need for Federal waste manage-
ment aid; recommended bill additions to aid rural areas.
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Commercial Indexes
The Environment Index
Environment Information Center Inc., Publishers
124 East 39th Street
New York, New York 10016
Sales: (212) 679-0810
Customer Service and Editorial (212) 685-0845
The 1975 and 1976 editions of these annual indexes to the monthly
abstract journal Environment Abstracts contained a number of cit-
ations to periodicals, government reports, and other types of
documents and articles regarding both resource recovery and haz-
ardous waste management and disposal. Abstracts of some of these
articles and reports are included in the section on Abstract
Journals found in a later section of this search report. Some
of the citations from the 1976 edition are noted below.
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Commercial Indexes
The Environment Index
Resource Recovery — Energy
The following citations were selected from The Environment Index 75
as examples of the types of citations obtainable from that source. The
citations are followed by the Environment Information Center's accession
number, which can be used to order transcripts of the original documents.
Fly Ash Pioneers a Reclamation Economy as Energy/Resource
Challenges Confront Engineering Community, Professional Engineer.
July, 1974, Vol. 44, no. 7, p. 18 (5 p.) 17-75-00785
Methane Gas Production as part of a Refuse Recycling System,
Compost Science, Summer, 1974, Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 7 (7 p.)
17-75-01639
Perpetual Methane Recovery System, Compost Science, Summer,
1974, Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 14 (5 p.) 17-75-01640
The Flash Pyrolysis of Solid Wastes, Energy Sources, 1974,
Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 295 (20 p.) 17-75-02458
State to Recycle 85% of Cities' Solid Wastes. Engineering News
Record, October 17, 1974, Vol. 193, no. 17, p. 39, (2 p.)
17-75-02460
Operation Red Dog: a Study of Fluid-bed Combustion and Potential
Uses of Anthracite Culm-Bank Material, NTIS Report
PB-234 512/2WP, July, 1969 17-75-02464
Burning Refuse in Power Plant Promises Savings, Public Power,
September-October, 1974, Vol. 32, no. 5, p. 26 (3 p.) 03-75-02872
The Solid Waste Agglomerates, Waste Age, August, 1974, Vol. 5,
no. 5, p. 22 (3 p.) 17-75-13211
The Place of Incineration in Resource Recovery of Solid Waste,
Combustion, October, 1974, Vol. 46, no. 4, p. 30 (9 p.)
17-75-04033
Resource Recovery Cannot be Dependent on Subsidy, Solid Wastes
Management, October, 1974, Vol. 17, no. 10, p. 8 (3 p.) 17-75-04034
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Resource Recovery — Energy (continued)
Financing Municipal Resource Recovery Systems, Waste Age,
October, 1974, Vol. 5, no. 7, p. 6 (2 p.) 17-75-04035
Resource Recovery from Municipal Refuse: an Industry Perspective,
Waste Roe. October, 1974, Vol. 5, no. 7, p. 29 (2 p.) 17-75-04038
Using Solid Waste to Conserve Resources and to Create Energy,
EPA Report RED-75-326, February 27, 1975 (75 p.) 17-75-05641
Steam Generation from Refuse, and Process and Manufacturing Wastes,
Power, February, 1975, Vol. 119, no. 2, p. 21, (24 p.) 03-75-06031
Using Solid Waste to Conserve Resources and to Create Energy,
Congressional Report, RED-75-326, February 27, 1975, (75 p.)
17-75-06446
Reusing Wastes is One Answer to Cities' Trash, Energy Problems,
Commerce Today, February 3, 1975, Vol. 5, no. 9, p. 7, (4 p.)
17-75-17251
Using Waste Materials as Industrial Fuel, Plant Engineering,
May 29, 1975, Vol. 29, no. 11, p. 59,(3 p.) 03-75-07644
Resource Recovery: Challenge to Scrap Industry, Scrap Age,
February, 1975, Vol. 32, no. 2, p. Ill (35 p.) 17-75-07999
"Solid Waste Management Strategy"—an Outline for Common Sense,
Waste Age, March, 1975, Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 2 (6 p.) 17-75-08001
Recovering Resources from Solid Waste Using Wet-Processing, EPA's
Franklin, Ohio, Demonstration Project, EPA Report SW-47d, 1974,
(29 p.) 17-75-08026
Baltimore Demonstrates Gas Pyrolysis: Resource Recovery from
Solid Waste, EPA Report SW-75d.i, 1975 (28 p.) 17-75-08033
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The Environment Index
Hazardous Waste
The following citations were selected from The Environment Index 76
as examples of the types of citations obtainable from that source.
The citations are followed by the Environment Information Center's
accession number, which can be used to order transcripts of the original
documents.
An Appraisal of the Problem of the Handling, Transportation
and Disposal of Toxic and Other Hazardous Materials,
NTIS Report PB-236 5999, January 30, 1970 (180 p.) 02-76-00890
Hazardous Wastes — California's Experience, Solid Waste Manage-
ment, August, 1975, Vol. 18, no. 8, p. 36 (3 p~7)17-76-02884
Disposal of Solid Toxic Wastes; Incineration of Liquid Effluents;
Chemicals Recovery and Waste Disposal, Elimination of Dissolved
Organics in Waste Waters; Waste Water Treatment Processing,
June, 1975, p. 53 (9 p.) 19-76-02939
Disposing of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons — Part II, Development
Forum, August-September, Vol. 3, no. 6, p. 10 (2 p.) 17-76-03652
A Special Report: Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes,
Pollution Engineering, April 1976, Vol. 8, no. 4, p. 24 (9 p.)
17-76-15961
Chemical Wastes Snafu Spurs State Planning: Part III, Solid
Waste Management, July, 1976, Vol. 19, no. 7, p. 40 (2 p.),
17-76-06743
Discharge of Hazardous Wastes into Public Sewerage Systems, Deeds
and Data-WPCF, April, 1976, p. 6 (4 p.) 19-76-06809
Suitability of Landfills for Disposal of Hazardous Wastes in
Illinois, Waste Age. July, 1976, Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 42 (8 p.)
17-76-07503
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Current Awareness Tools
Resource Recovery — Energy and Hazardous Waste
Solid Waste Reference Service
Business Publishers, Inc.
P. 0. Box 1067
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
(301) 587-6300
This is a new current awareness tool, emerging as a
result of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
This service is designed to inform subscribers of EPA guidelines
and regulations as soon as they become known, and to notify sub-
scribers of comment periods in ample time that they may have
input into the formulation of those guidelines and regulations.
Although these are two functions which government agencies them-
selves are directed by law to perform, this type of service has
the added convenience of delivering information directly to
those concerned, relieving them of the need to follow the Federal
Register daily or to rely on general press coverage.
A copy of the promotional literature for this service is appended -
not as an endorsement of this particular tool, but as an example
of the type of service available.
Environment Reporter
Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Publisher
1231 25th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
(202) 452-4367
This weekly publication summarizes current events across the broad
spectrum of environmental affairs. Abstracts of hearings, confer-
ences, newly issued reports, and similar documents are included.
An annual index is also issued.
Notes summarizing two examples of the type of article included in
this publication are given below, both of which deal with resource
recovery for energy.
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A publication of BUSINESS PUBLISHERS. INC.. P. 0. Box 1067. Silver Spring. Md 20910. All rights reserv-
ed. Reproduction in any form forbidden without express written permission from the publisher. Subscription
rates are $85 per year. _ . . ....... -,....
Publisher Leonard A. Eiserer Editor: Eric Easton
On October 21, 1976, the entire structure and philosophy of solid waste
management changed when President Ford signed into law the new Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act. Enactment of this new law represents the first regu-
lation £f_ solid waste management, and will have dramatic and almost immediate
impact on all of our subscribers.
Business Publishers, Inc., in anticipation of this most important develop-
ment, established the SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE. Now that the Act Has been
passed into law, our foresight can be of benefit to you. This service, the only
reference service exclusively devoted to solid waste, is being offered to cur-
rent subscribers at a fraction of its regular annual subscription rate.
With enactment of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agengy has begun developing the guidelines and regu-
lations required by the new law. As a charter subscriber to SOLID WASTE REFER-
ENCE SERVICE you will in the commanding position of receiving developments of
these guidelines and regulations immediately. . .when they happen. More im-
portantly, you will be able to react quickly and contribute your own concerns
and ideas to the regulatory process itself — in time to affect the regula-
tions before they become final.
BPI'S new SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE contains the full text o_f the
new statute and selective legislative history — all proposed and final guide-
lines and regulations promulgated under the law — and important legal decisions
arising from implementation of the rules and regulations.
Subscribers to the new SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE will receive the ini-
tial documentation, bound in an attractive, vinyl-covered, easy-to-use loose-
leaf binder. All new documents will be forwarded immediately upon publication
throughout the subscription year, indexed and accompanied by easy filing in-
structions.
The SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE is offered at an annual subscription
price of $85. But because you are a_ valued subscriber we are offering this
one-of-a-kind reference service for the charter subscription price of only
$60 per year, a savings of almost 30%. Act now and fill out the coupon on
the reverse side of this letter and drop it in the mail today. Send np_ mon-
ey; you will be billed upon receipt of the initial documentation later this
year.
Eric B. Easton
Editor
P.S, For your convenience we have provided a tentative table of contents for
the SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE on the reverse side of this letter.
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SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE
Table of Content*
(Tentative)
I. General Documentation
A. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
B Selected Legislative History
C. Executive and Administrative Orders
D. Solid Waste Management Guidelines (Section 209)
1 Land Disposal and Thermal Processing
2 Storage and Collection
3 Procurement of Recovered Materials
4. Resource Recovery Facilities
5 Source Separation
6. Beverage Containers
E. Solid Waste Management Guidelines (Section 10081
F. Specifications for Recovered Materials (Section 5002)
G Guidelines for Procuring Agencies (Section 6002)
H. Other Guidelines and Reports
II. Hazardous Waste Management
A. General Regulations
1 Criteria for Identification and Listing (Section 3001)
2. Identification and Listing (Section 3001)
3 Standards Applicable to Generators (Section 3002)
4 Standards Applicable to Transporters (Section 3003)
5 Standards Applicable to Facilities (Section 3004)
6 Permit Regulations (Section 3005)
7 Guidelines for State Programs (Section 3006)
8 Grant Regulations (Section 3011)
9 Other Guidelines and Regulations
B State Hazardous Waste Management Programs
III. State Solid Waste Management Planning
A. General Guidelines
1 Guidelines for Identification of Regions (Section 4002)
2 Guidelines for State Plans (Section 4002]
3 Criteria for Sanitary Landfill (Section 40041
4 Grant Regulations (Section 4007)
5. Other Guidelines and Regulations
B State and Regional Solid Waste Management Plans
IV. Significant Legal Decisions
SOLID WASTE
reference service
a publication of BUSINESS PUBLISHERS, INC.
Post Office Box 913
Silver Spring. Maryland 20910
Please enter my CHARTER SUBSCRIPTION
to SOLID WASTE REFERENCE SERVICE for
a period of one year. I will receive
N-TVinUAL _—: — the lnitlal documentation in an
lOhPAi. . . atcractive, vinyl covered binder. I
J)DRESS will be billed the CHARTER SUBSCRIP-
TION price of only $60 upon receipt
:ITY/STATE __ZIP of fche flrsfc Bhlpment (regular annual
-136- Prlce ls $85)'
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Environment Reporter
April 23, 1976, Vol. 6, no. 52, p. 2160, "Electric Institute Says 49
Utilities Studying Use of Solid Waste as Fuel." (Notes summarizing article.)
H. J. Young, Senior Vice President of the Edison Electric Institute
testified before a congressional symposium April 6-7, 1976. Types of
technologies being examined include using refuse-derived fuel as a supple-
mental boiler fuel, purchasing waste-derived steam for power generation
or district heating purposes, purchasing gas produced by pyrolysis of
solid waste, and purchasing electric power from energy recovery projects
operated by others. One utility was planning to own and operate its
own resource recovery facility. Utilities are also looking at the use
of shredded waste, incinerated raw waste, pelletized fuel, powdered fuel
and pyrolysis fuel. However, Young emphasized that while utilities are
willing to participate in such projects, disposing of solid waste is not
their primary responsibility — their primary responsibility is to provide
reliable electric service at the lowest possible cost. "In order for
utilities to consider becoming involved in resource recovery projects,
the systems must be developed to ensure reliability of service, be cost
competitive with other fuels, minimize capital investment risks, comply
with environmental regulations, and avoid large increases in operating
costs," Young said. The full potential of solid waste as fuel will not
be realized until economic incentives for its use are provided. State
and local governments must work with private industry, utilities and
others to develop and operate projects which are both technically and
economically viable, without need for artificial economics or government
subsidies, he concluded.
R. J. Kulperger of Union Carbide Corporation described his company's
Purox pyrolysis system, in which his company invested $10 million over
eight years to develop a 200-ton/day refuse pilot plant that produces
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Environment Reporter (Continued)
fuel. He called for tax-exempt financing for such plants, and said there
is a need for state enabling legislation to permit municipalities to enter
into long-term contracts for resource recovery facilities. Resource
recovery systems must be adaptable, able to alter what is recovered in
case markets change, able to meet environmental considerations for the
area, and able to accomodate evolving technology.
(Summaries of other witnesses' testimony are also given in this article.)
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Environment Reporter
December 3,'1976, Vol. 7, no. 31, p. 1140. "Reclaiming Solid Wastes
in Illinois." (Notes summarizing article.)
Reclaiming Illinois' household garbage could lead to the energy equiva-
lent of 9.2 million barrels of oil, or 2.2 million tons of coal or
electricity by 1980, a recycling seminar sponsored by the American Iron
and Steel Institute was told December 2, 1976 in Chicago. Ronald D.
Kinsey, president of Resource Technology Corporation in San Jose, California
emphasized these energy recovery figures are "technologically and economi-
cally possible." Conservative estimates of the trade group are that more
than 55 trillion Btus of energy will be available annually from this
source by 1980, energy valued at $1 million per million Btus. In addition,
Illinois is recycling more than 4 billion steel cans annually, amounting
to $13 million of marketable steel from just the metropolitan areas.
Markets for recycled steel are no problem; at least 50 percent scrap
steel is currently being used in making new steel. Along with steel,
$6.3 million worth of aluminum, and $5.4 million worth of glass will
exist in the state's refuse by 1980. Along with $55 million of energy
the economics of resource recovery," Kinsey concluded, "speak for them-
selves ."
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Abstracts Journals
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste
Environment Abstracts
Environment Information Center, Inc., Publishers
292 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10017
(212) 949-9494
This monthly publication (bimonthly in July and August) indexes
and abstracts government reports, journal articles, books, con-
ference papers, and many other types of print and film media
concerned with environmental and energy issues. An annual
index is published, The Environment Index, and is discussed
in the earlier section of this report, entitled "Commercial
Indexes." Transcripts of most documents indexed and abstracted
by Environment Abstracts can be ordered directly from Environ-
ment Information Center, either by mail or by telephone (if a
"retrieval deposit account" is opened).
Sample abstracts pertaining to the topic areas of resource
recovery and hazardous waste management are reprinted on the
following pages as an example of the type of information
readily available from this secondary source.
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Abstracts Journals
Sample abstracts relevant to resource recovery and hazardous waste appearing
in Environment Abstracts, July-August, 1976. Category 02 — Chemical and
Biological Contamination, pp. 21-27, and Category 17 — Solid Waste,
pp. 61-63.
Reprinted by permission of Environment Information Center, Inc., Publishers.
*7«-081St MimfclpallHraDectlvee—Aosource Recovery: PosalMI-
Mea and Pitfalls, Robert J Bartototta. tntt CHy Manage-
ment Assn, Solid Wastes Management. Nov 75. vIB. nl 1
p52 (3) technical feature
Resource recovery projects are expensive, time consum-
ing, nsky. and complex. Municipalities should start with
basic questions before approaching specifics Organization
of the many we/tables to the main deference between a
resource recovery facility and other capital mprovemen
protects Economies of scale favor large cities in starting a
recovery system A major commitment to the planning
phase is necessary tor a successful project Common
pitfalls am arao dncussed (2 dugrams)
•7S-OS1«2 Solid Waate DlepoMl In LM Angeles County, Ronald E
Schwegler. Los Angeles County Sanitation District. Waste
Age. Jan 76. v7. n1. pi 4 (5) feature article
The almost 30 sanitation districts in Los Angeles County.
now united under a joint management and administration
program, serve the sewerage and waste disposal needs of
about 4 million people Landfill disposal facilities are a basic
part of this system A solid waste management master plan
currently being developed indicates that at least 50% or
80%. depending on the teastxlrty of energy conversion
processes, of tiis waste is not recoverable and must
continue to be landfiited (2 maps. 1 photo. 3 tables)
•TtrOfHtS The Nottingham System tor Resource Recovery, Richard
Tichenor. Recycling and Conservation. Me. Compost
Sconce. Jan-Fab 76. v17. nl. p20 (6) technical feature
The Nottingham. N.H., sohd waste dsposal system, which
Is a low caprtalnntensna. low technology recovery system
to a small town of toss then 10,000 residents, is examined
The underlying concepts and mechanics of the system are
descnbed. Including home separation of household waste
end disposition of recycled materials Data on household
acceptance levels, proportion of recovery levels, costs and
recovery prices of the system are discussed A Nottingham
system, or some variation thereof, holds promise for many
small towns that would find environmentally acceptable
alternatives to be prohibitively expensive (1 photo. 3
tables)
•74-OS170 A National Policy Towrd Recycling, James Boyd.
Materials Aaaoc. Wash DC. Ehv Science A Technology.
May 76. vl 0. n5. p422 (3) survey report
tmpteniei nation ot the mynad recommendations of the now-
defunct Natl Commmsion on Materials Policy is happening,
but at a slower pace than necessary Recommendations to
municipal solid waste recycling are reviewed Use of
Industrial revenue bonds is permitted for building recycling
plants ICC B attempting to equalize freight rates Market
creation emerges as an Important factor. The U S General
Services Admin, exhibits powerful leadership, two-thirds of
the paper It purchases must contain 3-100% recycled fiber.
and It has removed the virgin only specification from most
of its material purchases Initiatives remaining tor financing.
"-*-1 Ms. and marketing of recycled materials an
l.(1 digram. 1 graph. 2 tables)
•7*45171 The Resource Recovery Industry, Chris G Ganotis
(Mitre Corp) and, Richard E Hopper. (EPA Office Solid
Waste Management). Em Science & Technology. May 76.
vIO. n5. p425 (5) survey report
Some of the resource recovery industry's thoughts and
views of its present and future role, and a profile of the
industry are summarized from an EPA survey The industry
is grouped into three categories prime contractors.
architect and engineering consulting firms, and equipment
manufacturers Many firms entered the resource recovery
business to expand existing product lines, promote
concomitant services, and broaden raw materials or energy
supply bases The industry believes that 30-40 facilities of
the 1000 ton/day size will probably be committed by 1982
The extent to which firms succeed depends on governmen-
tal policy (2 photos, 4 tables)
7a-OS173 Treating towage M Resource Revive* Land Disposal
Merest, Engineering News Record. Apr 1. 76. v196. n14.
p22 (2) technical feature
Although treatment of effluent by soil filtration and adsorp-
tion has been proved technically and economically feasible
in many cases, recent proposals.for major land treatment
systems have encountered difficulties due to EPA require-
ments Land disposal system advantages include treatment
of sewage with the water reused as a resource instead of
being disposed of as a waste, return of nutrients to the soil.
and irrigation of grazing land and forest areas Drawbacks
involve possible change of groundwater quality, contamina-
tion of crops, by toxic elements, and multiplication of
rodents and insects (4 photos)
•7MS176 Combustion Technology for •» Disposal and Utiliza-
tion of Wood Residue, Em Canada Report EPS 3-AP-75-
4. 00175(101)506081 report
A state of the art review of new and emerging technology
for utilizing and disposing of wood residues emphasizes air
pollution potential and cost. Disposal by thermal decompo-
sition is stressed Only those wood residues generated at
the site of a wood processing facility and only those
methods of utilization that provide useful energy ere
considered Three types of thermal processes for utilization
or disposal systems are reviewed combustion—complete
oxidation in an excess of oxygen, conversion—gasification
with or without charcoal, and degradation—pyrolysis in the
absence of oxygen The study is limited to the operations of
the Pacific forest industry (numerous diagrams, photos.
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Abstracts Journals
Resource Recovery — Energy
Energy Information Abstracts
Environment Information Center, Inc., Publishers
124 East 39th Street
New York, New York 10016
(212) 685-0845
This bimonthly publication indexes and abstracts government
reports, journal articles, conference papers, hearings, books,
and other types of print and film media pertaining to all
forms of energy and all kinds of issues relating to energy.
An annual indes is published, Energy Index, which is dis-
cussed in the earlier portion of this report in the section
entitled "Commercial Indexes." Transcripts of most articles
and documents indexed and abstracted by Energy Information
Abstracts are available directly from Environment Information
Center, either by mail or by telephone (if a "retrieval deposit
account" is opened).
Sample abstracts pertaining to the topic of resource recovery
for energy are reprinted on the following pages, as an example
of the type of information readily available from this sec-
ondary source.
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Abstracts Journals
Sample abstracts relevant to resource recovery for energy appearing in
Energy Information Abstracts, January-February, 1976. Category 09 —
Unconventional Resources, pp. 30-37.
Reprinted by permission of Environment Information Center, Inc.,
Publishers.
76-20204 Fuel From Organic Matter. r*ssRMsn tor tte Slats el
CsMomls, Dons J Dugas, Rand Corp. Calif. NTIS Report
AD/A-O02 212. Oct 73 (20) special report
The sources, amounts, potential fuel value, and estimated
cost ot organic material that might be made available tor
energy in Cahiornia are investigated Sources of organic
material under consideration include crops grown specifi-
cally tor energy, natural forests, end wastes from urban.
agricultural, and ndustnal sectors
76-20208 Fuel On Production from SoUd Waste, R G Kispen. et
al. Dynaiech R&D Co. Mass. NTIS Report PB-238 068. M
31. 74 (183) special report
The development ol a comprehensive computer model ot a
waste digestion plant is traced Equipment, size, and pro-
cessing conditions were selected for producing fuel gas at
minimum cost on a scale representative ot municipal waste
generation, and operating and cost parameters were extorv
swely verified and documented A sensitivity study applied
7640214 Animal'Weste Conversion Systems Besed on Thermal
Discharge, L Boersma. et al. Oregon State Univ. NTIS Re-
port PB-240 113. Sep 74 (58) special report.
Environmental degradation resulting from pollution and the
consumptive use of nonrenewable natural resources is a
maior problem An animal waste management scheme de-
vised on the premise that one solution to this problem is me
development of integrated production systems with recy-
Tt-20217 Livestock Manure Disposal vta Hydragaslflcatlon, Harold
c Rosson. Kansas Water Resources Research Inst. rVTIS
Report PB-239 960. Dec 74 (138) special report
The hydrogasification of manure to produce carbonaceous
material is discussed as a means of solving the water pollu-
tion potential of feedlots and providing a supplemental en-
ergy resource The manure produces a mixture of low sul-
fur gases containing water, hydrogen, methane, ethane.
and carbon dioxide The yield of hydrocarbon gases in
batch reactions is dependent on the reaction temperature
and the hydrogen feed to carbon ratio with higher values
producing higher yields The presence of water is beneficial
to the yield, with an optimum initial water content in the
manure of about 50%.
76-20223 Feasibility Study of Us* of Molten Sell Technology tor
Pyralyala el Solid Waste. V L Hammond, and L K
Mudge. Batlelle-Pacitic Northwest Labs. Wash. NTIS Report
PB-238 674. Jan 75 (87) special report
The pyrolysis of a typical refuse mix in molten sodium car-
bonate was tested on a laboratory scale. Gasification ot the
char that resulted from pyrolysis of solid waste was studied
at different conditions using steam, air, and oxygen as the
gasification agent Evaluated were the effects of contami-
nants added to the molten salt during processing of munici-
pal waste on the gasification and corrosion rates Methods
lor removing ash from the molten salt system were dis-
cussed Information obtained in laboratory studies was uti-
lized in preparing a conceptual process and equipment flow
diagram for evaluation of process economics The pro-
cessing ot municipal refuse in molten sodium carbonate
was found to be technically feasible but economically im-
practical at this time
7640229 BeUd Waste Conversion: CeHutose Liquefaction. James
A. Kaufman, and ANin H Weiss. Worcester Polytechnic
Inst, Mass. NTIS Report PB-239 509. Feb 75 (216) special
report
The state of the art in cellulose liquefaction and its chemis-
try Is extensively surveyed The process concept is detailed
and related to pyrolysis Matenal with a heating value close
to that of wood was used to make an oxygen-, nitrogen-.
and sulfur-tree oil having a heating value near 10.000
cal/gm The cellulose liquefaction process is described as
a continuous hydrocrackmg process based on technology
that is readily available from the petroleum industry, al-
though not previously applied to solid waste The process
uses a carrier oil in which the solid waste teed is slurned
Water plays an intrinsic part in the reaction for the produc-
tion of hydrogen Equilibrium calculations indicate that hy-
drogen is the preferable reactant gas The effects of cata-
lyst, temperature, pressure, and reaction time were corre-
lated and optimized
76-20232 ARemate Energy Source*, Edward Edelson. Edison Elec-
tric Inst B. Sep 75 (11) special report
Over the last two decades, energy usage has increased at a
rate of about 3 6%/yr, with electric power generation in-
creasing at 65%/yr The search lor alternative energy
sources that are inexhaustible, nonpollutmg. and electrical
is reviewed The possibilities of fusion, geothermal and so-
lar energy, and bioconversion are examined No promising
energy source, however unconventional, should be ne-
glected by a world that is increasingly dependent on energy
for its well-being. (19 references)
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76-20233 Wood aa a Source of Energy, Governors Task Force Re-
port, 1975 (73) special report
Enough surplus wood grows in Vermont forests each year
to provide a significant amount of the state's energy re-
quirements This wood can be procured and delivered tor
conversion to energy at a cost competitive with other fuels
If conducted according to proper forest management pro-
cedures, substantial benefits to Vermont forest land could
result from large scale wood procurement operations The
program could increase employment and business oppor-
tunities and reduce dependence on expensive imported
fuels (3 diagrams, numerous references, 3 tables)
76-20230 Resource Conaervebon and Recycling. Part 1, Sen
Comm Commerce Heanng 93 Con 2 Serial 93-56. Jan 17-
18, 74 (182)
Heanngs were held on S 2753, the Resource Conservation
and Recycling Incentives Act of 1973 Considerations focus
on Title 6 of the act, which provides for the development of
facilities lor recovery of energy from solid wastes. (1) Sec-
tion 602 authorizing development of three such facilities in
three years, and (2) Sections 603 and 604 authorizing
grants and loans for R&O programs and activities that are
likely to toad to development of a facility producing energy
tram waste or advances m the state of the art Witnesses
76-20245 Weete aa
Eugene C. Bailey, John Dolio & Assoc. Chicago, presented
at Intl Energy Engineering Congress, Chicago. Nov 4-5, 75
(21) technical feature
Designers, builders, and operators of incinerators burning
municipal solid waste have been concerned about the
wasted energy and the pollution caused by their operation.
and have recognized the need for a supplementary fuel
The best results, and the most economic benefits can be
achieved by separating municipal solid waste into Is recycl-
able elements fuels, metals, and noncombustibles other
than metals Fireside corrosion of fossil-fueled boilers and
incinerators, and the combined burning of coal and pre-
pared municipal solid waste are discussed (2 diagrams. 10
photos, 9 references)
76-20246 Energy Reclamation from Agricultural Wastes, C
Tietjen, el al. Inst Pflanzenbau und Saatgutforschung. W.
Germany, presented at Energy. Agriculture and Waste
Management Conf. Cornell. 1975, p247 (238) survey re-
port
Energy reclamation from agricultural wastes is discussed in
16 papers from biodung to biogas—historical review of Eu-
ropean experience, energy recovery and feed production
from poultry wastes, anaerobic digestion in swine wastes.
alternative animal waste anaerobic fermentation designs
and their costs, cold weather energy recovery from anaero-
bic digestion of swine manure, energy and economic analy-
sis of anaerobic digesters, dry anaerobic digestion, tech-
nologies suitable for recovery of energy from livestock ma-
nure, methane-carbon dioxide mixtures in an internal com-
bustion engine, limitations ol animal waste replacement toe
inorganic fertilizers, waste management systems related to
land disposal utilization, utilization of plant biomass as an
energy feedstock, protein and energy conservation ol poul-
try and fractionated animal waste, protein production rates
by algae using swine manure as a substrate, conservation
of energy and mineral resources in wastes through pyroly-
sis, and thermal and physical properties of compost (num-
erous diagrams, numerous graphs. 3 photos, 276 refer-
i. 60 tables)
76-20247 A Mobile Pyroh/ttc System—Agricultural and Forestry
Waste Into Clean Fuels, J W Tatom. et al. Georgia Tech.
presented at Energy, Agriculture and Waste Management
Conf. Cornell, 1975, p271 (18) survey report
By combining agricultural and forestry wastes with high sul-
fur coals, acceptably low sulfur emissions can be achieved
The U S coal supply could thus be increased from 10-30%
Pyrolytic conversion of agricultural and forestry wastes at
the Georgia Tech Engineering Experiment Station is de-
scubed The production and availability of selected agncul-
tural and forestry wastes applicable to the pyrolytic conver-
sion concept are surveyed Tesl work on pyrolyas of cotton
76-20253 The Clean Synthetic Fuel That's Already Here. Edmund
Faltermayer. Fortune. Sap 75. v92. n3, pt46 (8) feature
article
In the great hunt for alternative energy sources, the U S is
largely ignoring a low polluting fuel that can be produced
from abundant domestic resources with present technolo-
gy Methanol can be produced from coal, tores) and farm
wastes, and garbage To produce methanoi, all these mate-
rials are converted into a synthesis gas consisting of carbon
monoxide and hydrogen—the same medium Btu gas that
was used in homes tor years before being replaced by
cheaper natural gas Methanol can be stored and transport-
ed easily and safely It is a stable liquid at atmospheric tem-
perature and pressure, unlike hydrogen, and is less com-
bustible than gasoline Almost every energy using device in
the country could be adapted to burn methanoi It enables
auto engines to use a lower than normal fuel to air ratio,
thus achieving both energy savings and pollution reduction
(1 graph. 8 photos)
76-20256 Organic Waste* and Bio
:Perpi
alSo
• of En-
orgy?, D L Klass. and T. L Cramer. Inst of Gas Technolo-
gy. Chicago. Pipeline 4 Gas J. Oct 75. v202. n12. p29 (7)
technical report.
Farms designed to produce high Btu gases and liquid hy-
drocarbons from harvesting plants or algae, plus conver-
sion of waste materials from farms and cities, may serve as
inexhaustible, perpetually renewable sources of fuel The
use of biomass and organic wastes for SNG production
would conserve fossil materials for more valuable purposes.
e.g , as raw materials for the chemical industry With the
conversion of 1 ton of the 146 million ton/yr of biomass
produced on the earth, as dry solids to 10,000 cu ft of
methane or 1.25 bbl of crude oil. about 5% of the earth's
biomass would meet U S energy needs The agricultural
Industry could grow crops specifically tor conversion to
SNG efficiently enough to make the U S. Independent of
foreign energy supplies Pyrolysis, hydrogasilication. anae-
robic digestion, bioconverslon. the Inst of Gas
Technology's biogas process, gasification of agricultural
wastes, and biomass gasification are evaluated (5 dia-
grams, 2 photos, 12 references, 3 tables)
76-20261 Woman Energy, Alfred J Johnson. Jr. Aerospace Corp.
Astronautics & Aeronautics. Nov 75. v13. nl 1. p64 (7) sur-
vey report
With a Mite planning and a reasonable amount of invest-
ment, organic wastes can be converted to fuels that would
supplant about 10% of fossil fuels used today In the long
run, energy plantations might be created to replace fossil
fuels altogether Concepts of chemical energy and recy-
cling implicit in the use of biomass fuels are explained Key
elements in biomass energy conversion are described, in-
cluding photosynthetic efficiency, harvesting-collection
processes, fuel conversion, energy-material feedback re-
quirements, and the amount ol resources available tor use
Biomass energy is especially unique in that its development
-144-
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76-20264 Energy tram Municipal Refine: •* Comparison of Ten
•Yocossos, Helmut W Schulz. Columbia Univ. Professional
Engineer. Nov 75. v45. nil. p20 (50) survey report
Envtornmental impact, reliability, and economic ment of en-
ergy recovery processes are compared The processes in-
clude (1) the Wheelabrator-Frye waterwall incinerator. (2)
Combustion Power Co 's incinerator turbine. (3) shredded.
air-classified refuse-derived fuel. (4) chemically pulverized
refuse-derived fuel, (5) wet-pulped refuse-derived fuel de-
veloped by Black-Clawson. (6) medium temperature kiln
pyrolysis—the Landgard system of Monsanto Envnro-
Chem. (7) low temperature flash pyrolysis developed by
Occidental Research. (8) air-fed slagging pyrolysis. the Tor-
rax system of Carborundum Co . (9) the Purox oxygen-fed
slugging pyrolysis system of Union Carbide, and (10) the
Dynatech process of methane production by anaerobic di-
gestion The Purox system is detailed (2 photos. 2 tables)
76-20268 Using 8oM Waste M a Fuel. Gene H Anguil. Kelley Co.
Milwaukee. Plant Engineering. Nov 13. 75. v29, n23. pi 39
(2) technical report
Pollution tree incineration has the potential of converting
industrial solid wastes to a heat energy resource that can
reduce fuel costs, and minimize waste disposal costs The
DBSK dragn and operating pnnciples of clean burning, py-
rofytic type incinerators, and of auxiliary heat recovery
oqunxnent are dncussed (1 diagram. 1 graph. 1 photo)
T6-WW70 Using SeOd Waste aa • Fuel, Ben U Miller. Kelley Co.
Milwaukee. Plant Engineering. Nov 27. 75. v29. n24. p7l
(3) technical report
It all ol the U S 's combustible solid waste materials (264
million ton/yr) were incinerated and the heat recovered.
they might generate 900 trillion Btu's. or the equivalent to
about 10% of the energy that the U.S produces annually
from oil Integration of pyrolytic systems into a plant's ener-
gy supply system to utilize solid waste is described. Opera-
tion of the sobd waste feeding mechanism, two stage incin-
erating system, flue gas to steam system, and flue gas to air
system are assessed (2 diagrams. 1 photo)
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Abstracts Journals
Hazardous Waste
Sample abstracts relevant to hazardous waste management and disposal
appearing in various issues of Environment Abstracts during 1976. Month
of issue and accession number (used for purposes of ordering transcripts
of the full document) are indicated preceding each entry.
February, 1976 02-76-00890
An Appraisal of the Problem of the Handling, Transportation
and Disposal of Toxic and Other Hazardous Materials, NTIS Report
PB-236 5999, January 30, 1970 (180 p.) special report. Booz-
Allen and Hamilton, Washington, D.C.
"The following information is presented in narrative,
tabular, and graphic form: hazardous materials
classification; types and quantities of hazardous
materials, accidents, involving hazardous materials
materials, transportation, environment, and dis-
posal of hazardous materials. The hazardous mat-
erials considered include flammable materials, com-
pressed gases, corrosive materials, explosives,
oxidizers, poisons, pesticides, and radioactive
materials."
April, 1976 17-76-02884
Hazardous Wastes — California's Experience, Solid Waste Management,
August, 1975, vol.18, no. 8, p. 36 (3 p.), technical feature.
Harvey Collins, California Department of Health.
"In 1974, California's Department of Health promulgated
regulations governing the essential elements of
hazardous waste control, include: a hazardous waste
manifest (trip ticket); a fee schedule; a procedure
for notifying the department about disposal of extremely
hazardous wastes; and minimum regulations. The depart-
ment's experiences in administering the program are
summarized." (1 graph)
-146-
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Abstracts Journals
May, 1976 02-76-03652
Disposing of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons — Part 2. Stanton S.
Miller, Development Forum, August-September, Vol. 3, No. 6,
p. 10 (2 p.) Survey Report.
"In the Gulf of Mexico, as much as 400,000 tons/year
of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues accumulate. In
Europe residues range from 100,000 to 130,000 metric
tons/year. A method of disposal, ocean incineration,
is discussed. The two proponents of ocean incineration
are Stahl and Bleck-Ban Gmbh in the heavily indus-
trialized Ruhr Valley, and Ocean Combustion Service,
a subsidiary of the Hansa Line, Bremen, West Germany.
In the past two years, Ocean Combustion has burned
80,000 tons of wastes from chemical manufacturing
activities in Europe. The use of incineration at sea
seems to be increasing."
July-August, 1976
02-76-04748—Organic Leachate Threatens Groundwater Quality,
James M. Robertson, (University of Oklahoma) and Eugene C.C.
Li, (Rayburn County) , Water & Sewage Works, February 1976,
Vol. 123, No. 2, P. 58 (2 p.) Technical Feature.
'The potential for long-term pollution of aquifers by
industrial organic chemical leached from discarded
manufactured products could someday reach the threshold
of natural tolerance and upset the balance of natural
ecosystems. Sources and problems associated with PCB's
and PAE's are summarized. Based on investigations of
four wells in Oklahoma, pollution of groundwater by
organic materials occurs extensively." (16 references,
1 table)
02-76-04816—Pesticide Incineration, Richard A. Carnes, and
Donald A. Oberacker, EPA, Cincinnati, EPA Environment Research—
Cincinnati, April 15, 1976 (4 p.)Special Report.
"Deagn and operational criteria for the incineration of
pesticides, combustible pesticide containers, and washings
from pesticide containers have been ascertained. Efforts
centered on the development of combustion data for many
pesticides representing various classes. An experimental
pilot-scale incineration system was designed and constructed
to evaluate the effect of operating variables on the
efficiency of pesticide destruction. Most organic pesti-
cides can be destroyed by incineration. A range of tempera-
ture retention time exists at which each pesticide can be
more than 99.99% destroyed."(2 graphs, 1 photo)
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Abstracts Journals
02-76-04817—Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Extension, House of Representatives, Committee on Agriculture,
Hearings, 94-1, May 12-16, 1975 (548 p.), Serial 94-0, Hearing
Transcript.
"Hearings were begun on legislation introduced to extend
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,
as amended, for two years. Witnesses included: USDA
officials from Colorado, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland,
Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Washington,
and West Virginia; representatives of farming and ranch-
ing associations; entomologists; exterminators; and public
interest groups. Correspondence, a newspaper article,
and relative comments and questions are transcribed."
September, 197602-76-05961
A Special Report: Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes,
Paul N. Cheremisinoff, and William F. Holcomb, (EPA), Pollution
Engineering, April, 1976, Vol. 8, no. 4, p. 24 (9 p.) technical
feature.
"The generation rate for nonradioactive hazardous
wastes is estimated at well over 10 million tons/
year and is increasing. Hazardous wastes are defined,
and regulations applying to their disposal are
reviewed. Landfill disposal, chemical fixation,
incineration, pretreatment methods, and other dis-
posal practices for the management of hazardous and
toxic wastes are discussed. EPA's position on each
disposal method is described." (3 diagrams, 1 graph,
2 phot 39 references, 2 tables)
October, 1976 02-76-06743
Chemical Wastes Snafu Spurs State Planning: Part III, Bentley
B. Mackay, Jr., Solid Waste Management, July, 1976, Vol. 19,
no. 7, p. 40 (2 p.), feature article.
"Chemical solidification of the plant wastes and
disposal by landfill was the environmentally accep-
table solution worked out for disposal of E. I.
DuPont De Nemours and Company's West Virginia plant
wastes. But public outcry against Louisiana disposal
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Abstracts Journals
of these wastes by a Louisiana wastes collector
company has precipitated a state-level concern for
the disposal of all hazardous or toxic wastes in
the state. Louisiana attracts chemical industries
partly because of its lax regulation of hazardous
wastes disposal."
November, 1976 02-76-07503
Suitability of Landfills for Disposal of Hazardous Wastes in
Illinois, Rauf Piskin, Illinois EPA, Waste Age, July, 1976,
Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 42, (8 p.), research report.
"The suitability of present permitted landfills in
Illinois for disposal of the increasing quantities
of hazardous wastes is explored. Criteria were
developed to evaluate the ground water and other
pollution potential at each site. Landfill sites
may ve classified according to five categories of
wastes permitted, as only 31 of 283 existing land-
fills meet requirements for safe disposal of haz-
ardous wastes." (2 maps, 13 references, 3 tables)
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Newsletters
Solid Waste Report and Sludge
Business Publishers. Inc., Publishers
P. 0. Box 1067
818 Roeder Road
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
(301) 587-6300
These two newsletters published by this Washington-area publisher both
contain brief articles regarding current developments in the areas of
resource recovery and hazardous waste management. They are included
here as examples of this type of information source. NO endorsement
is intended. This same organization publishes a large number of such
newsletters concerned with a variety of topics — including one on toxic
materials, one on energy resources, and one on land use planning. Many
other organizations publish similar newsletters. Some of these are
listed in the general reference guide under the "Newsletters" sub-
section.
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SOLID WASTE report
Resource Recovery
Recycling
Collection
Disposal
Leonard A. Eiierer
Publisher
Eric B. Eastern
Editor
Bi-weekly business newsletter published from the Nation's Capital
Business Publishers. Inc , P.O Box 1067. Blair Station, Silver Spring, Maryland
20910. (301) 587-6300 Subscription Rate- $90 per year; $50 for six months, U.S .
Canada and Mexico. $105 per year in all other countries (includes air mail postage).
Multiple copy rates on request to Henry E Kleiner, Jr., Business Manager.
Vol. 8 No. 3
January 31. 1977
17
Three Teams Awarded $100,000 Technical Assistance Contracts Page 19
EPA Completes Schedule for Regional RCRA Implementation Meetings Page 20
DOI Evaluates Waste-Storage Potential of Atlantic Coastal Plain Page 20
NSWMA Seeks More Time To Retrofit Unstable, Slant-Sided Containers Page 21
Mandatory Deposit Legislation Reintroduced by Hatfield, Jeffords Page 22
Senate Should Retain Independent Small Business Unit, NSWMA Says Page 22
Rubber Reclaimers Association Becomes New NARI Division Page 22
Federal Highway Administration Seeks Fly Ash Recycling Study Page 22
SLANTS & TRENDS
DOUGLAS COSTLE IS EXPECTED to be named Environmental Protection Agency Adminis-
trator as soon as routine FBI checks are completed, according to Rep. Toby Moffett
(D.-Conn.). Costle, 37 was Connecticut Commissioner of Environmental Protection
from 1973-75, later serving as Assistant Director of the Congressional Budget Of-
fice and, most recently, as a member of President Carter's transition team cluster
on government reorganization (SWR, Jan. 3, 1977, p. 1). No stranger to solid waste
programs. Costle was instrumental in the creation of the Connecticut Resources Re-
covery Authority. He has widespread support among environmental groups and an ap-
parently good professional relationship with industry.
BARBARA BLUM IS REPORTEDLY being considered for EPA Deputy Administrator, accord-
ing to observers here. Blum was Carter's director of transition operations and,
before that, a lobbyist for environmental causes. Though Blum had been thought a
candidate for Chairman of the President's Council on Environmental Quality, that
Job will apparently go to California Assemblyman Charles Warren, who has also re-
ceived environmentalists' support. While White House press aide Jody Powell told
reporters Blum was not qualified for the top CEQ job, most observers would say the
EPA Deputy Administrator position is far more demanding.
IN OTHER PERSONNEL NEWS, EPA Deputy Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste Pro-
grams Sheldon Meyers has selected John Skinner as Director of Office of Solid
Waste's Systems Management Division. Skinner, who had been Deputy Director of
OSW's Resource Recovery Division, will succeed Robert Colonna as head of SMD.
OSW will also be looking for someone to replace Bob Randol who has left RRD1s
Technical Assistance Branch to go into investment banking. Finally, EPA Assistant
Administrator Alvin Aim has moved to the White House to serve under Carter energy
adviser James Schleslnger.
IF APPOINTED, AND CONFIRMED, Costle1s priorities as EPA Administrator would prob-
ably Include a hard look at the budget. While Office of Management and Budget
Director Bert Lance has indicated Carter will accept the Ford Administration's
budget request — with exceptions for defense, housing and welfare — that pre-
sumably remains subject to change and hardly precludes agency reprograraming.
(Continued on following page)
All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form forbidden without permission. Copyright 1977.
-------
January 31. 1977 SOLID WASTE FCpOTf ?*fie M
SLANTS & TRENDS (Cont.)
Proposed $24.5-million-plus budget proposed for EPA solid waste management programs
in fiscal 1978 has come under severe criticism (SWR, Jan. 17, 1977, p. 9), and would
seem to be a good candidate for additional funds in any revision.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES, for example, notes the $5-million in areawide plan-
ning grants earmarked for solid waste-related planning is "scarcely enough" to cover
the planning activities required by the new law. Another $7-million or so expected
to be spent for state solid waste programs from the proposed consolidated environ-
mental grants represents a "very low budget request for state and local implementa-
tion of the new solid waste law," NACO says. And even the increase in EPA's solid
waste operating budget from $15.7- to $24.5-million is "inadequate" to cover EPA's
implementation activities.
REP. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. (D.-Calif.), Chairman of the House Science Subcommittee on
Environment and Atmosphere, was particularly critical of inadequate funding for
solid waste research and development programs. "This is a classic example of how
Federal laws become meaningless and new programs fail," Brown said. EPA's overall
personnel cuts, combined with a research budget freeze, Brown said, "amount to
Presidential sabotage of the Federal environmental program. I can only hope that
the new President and the Congress will reverse this foolish action."
EVEN RUSSELL E. TRAIN, former EPA Administrator, called EPA's fiscal 1978 budget re-
quest "inadequate" and complained to Sen. Edmund S. Muskie (D.-Me.) that EPA was
forced to play a "shell game" of juggling positions in order to meet requirements
and responsibilities under RCRA and the Toxic Substances Control Act. In a farewell
meeting with Muskie1s Public Works Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution, Train
said EPA needs Congressional guidance to "strengthen the hand of the agency" and sug-
gested Congress consider passing a single "organic act" to "spell out in an integrated
act what the agency is expected to do."
* * *
EPA'S IMPLEMENTATION OF RCRA, meanwhile, is progressing — if not entirely according
to plan. Advance Notices of Proposed Rulemaking, the first step in the regulatory
process, had been drafted for most priority regulations and sent forward for approval.
Last week, however, Office of Solid Waste received word that a single ANPRM would
be published, informing the public of EPA's intent to propose rules required under
the new law and providing a point of contact for comments. Detailed questions of
policy and procedure, which would have been presented in individual ANPRMs, may be
substantially abbreviated, eliminated altogether, or perhaps deferred until some
future date.
DRAFT ANPRMs ARE CIRCULATING, however, among various interest groups which have
participated In their development, and the questions they pose offer some clue to
the Issues with which OSW is grappling. SWR will be looking at some of these ques-
tions in forthcoming issues. On another level of implementation, EPA's Strategy
Development Working Group hopes to complete major issue papers on critical aspects
of RCRA in the near future, then forward them to the higher-level Strategy Review
Group for final decisions sometime in April (SWR, Dec. 6, 1976, p. 193).
* * *
AS THIS ISSUE OF SWR went to press, two major business news stories were breaking.
Monsanto Envlro-Chem Systems. Inc.. today told the city of Baltimore, Md., it recom-
mends terminating its EPA-sponsored demonstration of Monsanto*s Landgard pyrolysis
system because of "continuing mechanical unreliability and inability to predict
clear cut success." And Waste Management, Inc., reported the joint venture it
shares with Saudi Pritchard Ltd, has been awarded a $243-million contract to estab-
lish and operate for five years a complete sanitation service for the city of
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SWR will carry details on both stories next issue.
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January 31. 1977 SOLID WASTE rCpOff Pafie 19
THREE TEAMS AWARDED $100,000 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CONSULTING CONTRACTS
Three teams of consultants have been awarded $100,000 contracts by Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste to assist in delivering technical assistance
to state and local governments and Federal agencies. Firms heading the teams are De-
velopment Sciences, Inc.; Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co.; and Urban Services Group,
Inc. (USG has recently merged with Gordian Associates, Inc., to become Gordian's
Washington, D.C., office. Samuel Hale will head the office as vice president, while
Harvey Gershman will serve as manager, solid waste group.)
These contracts are designed to extend OSW's technical assistance capabilities,
primarily in the resource recovery area, but OSW plans to add funds for assistance
in other solid waste management areas as well. Contractors will be used to perform
such tasks as assisting In conceptual planning for resource recovery projects, de-
veloping work plans for cities to hire their own consultants, reviewing the work of
a client city's consultants, and assisting clients in developing a strategy for
negotiating contracts with system vendors.
OSW emphasizes that these consultants will be used to complement, not replace,
the consultants that cities and others would hire on their own. Nor are they part
of the Resource Recovery and Conservation Panels required by Section 2003 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, P.L. 94-580. While similar arrangements may
be used in the future, OSW says, the technical assistance program under RCRA has
not been finalized and these contracts will serve as a temporary means to provide
assistance until the RCRA program is implemented.
Because of Federal contracting restrictions, each team has been awarded a con-
sulting franchise for a group of states — approximately equal in expected demand
for technical assistance. Each team will have "first refusal rights" for technical
assistance consulting sponsored by EPA in their respective states. Consulting teams
and their franchises are:
Contract Teams and Franchise Areas
Development Sciences, Inc., management consultant; Burns and Roe, consulting
engineer; Dillon Read, investment banker; and Grenberg, Traurig, Hoffmann, Lipoff,
Quentel, legal counsel — Minnesota, Utah, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut,
Rhode Island, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands,
California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii and Michigan.
Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co., management consultant; Anderson and Schoor, con-
sulting engineer; Kraft and Hughes, legal counsel; and White Weld, investment banker
— New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia, Delaware, West Virginia,
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Texas, New Mexico, Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Alaska.
Urban Services Group, Inc., management consultant; Malcolm Pirnie, consulting
engineer, and White Weld, investment banker — New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Tennessee.
OSW's new program is set up in such a way as to permit the project officer,
Bob Lowe, to approve initial site visits by consultants to prospective technical
assistance clients. Subsequent work must be initiated by EPA's Contracts Manage-
ment Division. Clients will be selected from among those which request EPA-spon-
sored services, where the chance for a successful project is high (as evidenced
by support of elected officials and an urgent need for action), and where EPA sup-
port will have an impact.
Regional officials are being advised to screen prospective clients for these
criteria and ask those who appear qualified to send headquarters a letter, signed
by an elected official, stating as specifically as possible what assistance is
requested. Because the size of these contracts and the program itself is still
relatively small, EPA notes, it is inappropriate to encourage a large number of
communities to request assistance. Decision to assist prospective clients will be
made on the basis of priorities assigned by EPA regional representatives and the
selection criteria outlined above.
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January 31. 1977 SOLID VYASTE HepOTf Pafie 20
EPA COMPLETES SCHEDULE FOR REGIONAL MEETINGS ON P.L. 94-580 IMPLEMENTATION
Final schedule for regional meetings on implementation of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act of 1976, P.L. 94-580, has been established by Environmental
Protection Agency and will appear soon in the FederaJ Register (SWR, Jan. 17, 1977,
p. 10). As reported earlier, the following sessions are designed to permit the in-
volvement of the general public and representatives of environmental, industrial,
governmental and other organizations who will be affected by the new law:
Region I; Feb. 25, 1:00 pm, Sheraton Lincoln Inn, Lincoln St., Worcester
Mass. Also, Feb. 26, 1:00 pm, Holiday Inn, 172 N. Main St., Concord, N.H. Contact:
Dennis Huebner, (617) 223-5775.
Region II; Feb. 23, 4:00 pm, Americana City Squire Hotel, 52nd St. & 7th Ave.,
New York, N.Y. Contact: Michael Debonis, (212) 264-0503.
Region III: Feb. 17, 7:00 pm, Feb. 18, 9:00 am, The Colony House-Executive Motor
Inn, Richmond, Va. Contact: Charles Howard, (215) 597-0982.
Region IV; Feb. 23, 7:00 pm, Feb. 24, 8:30 pm, Sheraton Biltmore Hotel, 817
W. Peachtree St., N.E., Atlanta, Ga. Contact: James Scarbrough, (404) 881-3116.
Region V: March 21, 7:00 pm, March 22, 9:00 am, Holiday Inn OfHare/Kennedy
Expressway, Chicago, 111. Contact: Jay Goldstein, (312) 353-2197.
Region VI; March 8, 7:00 pm, March 9, 9:00 am, First International Bldg., 29th
Floor, 1201 Elm St., Dallas, Tex. Contact: Herbert Crowe, (214) 749-7601.
Region VII: Feb. 15, 7:00 pm, Feb. 16, 9:00 am, Hilton Inn Plaza, 45th & Main
Sts., Kansas City, Mo. Contact: Morris Tucker, (816) 374-3307.
Region VIII; March 3, 8:30 am, Main Library, 1357 Broadway, Denver, Colo. Also,
March 4, 8:30 am, Hilton Hotel, 150 West South 5th St., Salt Lake City, Utah. Con-
tact: Jon Yeagley, (303) 837-2221.
Region IX; March 10, 7:00 pm, March 11, 8:00 am, Holiday Inn Union Square, 480
Sutter St., San Francisco, Calif. Contact: Charles Bourns, (415) 556-4606.
Region X: March 17, 7:00 pm, March 18, 8:30 am, Seattle Center, Seattle, Wash.
Contact: Tobias Hegdahl, (206) 442-1260.
Resource conservation provisions of P.L. 94-580 will also be discussed at a
public meeting March 6 in Washington, D.C., sponsored by the Waste Reduction Branch,
Resource Recovery Division of EPA's Office of Solid Waste. Coinciding with a con-
ference of the National Coalition on Solid Waste, sponsored by Environmental Action
Foundation, March 4-6, the meeting will be another part of the public participation
efforts of OSW, and the emphasis will be on discussion, rather than formal presentations.
General areas to be discussed will include: role of state and local governments
in resource conservation; focus of the Resource Conservation Committee; role of the
Resource Recovery and Conservation Panels in resource conservation; and the need for
and nature of resource conservation guidelines. Further information is available
from Bill Ades or Harry Butler, (202) 755-9145.
* * *
DOI REPORT EVALUATES WASTE-STORAGE POTENTIAL OF ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
Some subsurface environments in the Atlantic Coastal Plain from North Carolina
through New Jersey may have the geologic potential for storage of toxic wastes, ac-
cording to a new report from Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. The
result of a two-year investigation to evaluate the waste-storage potential of selected
segments of the Mesozoic rocks in that part of the plain, the report does not locate
specific potential subsurface storage sites, but rather presents geologic criteria
that could be used in site identification.
Environments described consist of layers of sand or sandstone, 20 feet or more in
thickness, that are immediately overlain and underlain by layers of shale or clay, 20
feet or more in thickness, and which occur in Mesozoic rock units lying at a depth
equal to or greater than 1,500 feet below sea level. While the depth of burial, physi-
cal character, and extend and thickness of these potential waste reservoirs are variab:
report says, the range in variability appears broad enough to satisfy the geologic
requirements for different types of waste storage. USGS Professional Paper 881 is
available @ $11 from Distribution Branch, USGS, 1200 S. Eads St., Arlington, Va. 22202.
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January 31. 1977 _ SOLID WASTE report
21
NSWMA SEEKS MORE TIME TO RETROFIT UNSTABLE, SLANT-SIDED REFUSE BINS
Arguing that unstable, alant-slded refuse bins simply cannot be replaced or
retrofitted within the nine-month period proposed by Consumer Product Safety Commis-
sion, Natidnal Solid Wastes Management Association last week urged CPSC to adopt an
extended timetable developed by American National Standards Institute to alleviate
the most serious problems first (SWR, Jan. 17, 1977, p. 10). Testifying before the
Commission today, NSWMA' s Eugene Wingerter told CPSC its "unreasonable demand to do
the impossible will result in widespread noncompliance or an untenable financial
burden for those who attempt to meet an unmeetable schedule..."
Wingerter said the total number of affected refuse bins is unknown, as is their
geographic distribution, though NSWMA estimates approximately 500,000 to 750,000
containers may be involved. Wingerter estimated the cost of retrofitting each con-
tainer at from $40 to $100, compared to the $250 to $750 purchase price of a new
unit, and suggested that 2,000 to 4,000 retrofits per day would be required to com-
plete the program in nine months.
Aside from the economic hardship this would impose on the small businesses
which comprise the solid waste collection industry — assuming the work could even
be done — Wingerter said the requirement could result in serious environmental and
economic consequences to the public with possible interruptions in collection
services.
Further complicating the problem, Wingerter noted, is the fact that NSWMA
represents only 1,500 of the estimated 10,000 refuse collection firms in the country.
Communicating with 8,500 non-member firms would be exceedingly difficult, he said,
suggesting that if the commission adopts the proposed nine-month compliance schedule,
thousands of small businesses would find themselves in violation. Many would be
unaware of the ban, Wingerter said; many will be unable to make the needed in-
vestment in so short a time, and many will not have access to the necessary en-
gineering and welding capacity.
BFI* s Barineau Offers Concrete Example
To focus the problem more clearly, Browning-Ferris Industries' John Barineau
posed a hypothetical 10-truck collection firm servicing 2,000 slant-sided con-
tainers. Replacement of all units, at $400,000, would not be financially feasible
for such a company, he said, and retrofit, at $46 to $74 per unit, would cost be-
tween $90,000 and $150,000. Compressed into a nine-month period, Barineau said,
this expenditure could seriously damage the financial integrity of many smaller
companies and set off a wave of emergency price increases.
Cost considerations aside, Barineau pointed out that a typical three-man
container maintenance shop could retrofit only about 18 containers a week — assum-
ing half the shop's capacity were devoted to the retrofit program — requiring
more than two years to complete 2,000 retrofits. Even if the shop worked exclusively
on retrofit, 54 weeks would be needed. All of this assumes that no changes would
be needed in trucks which service the containers and that such 10-truck firms are
equipped with adequate container maintenance facilities and equipment — both
optimistic assumptions.
Notwithstanding these arguments, most of the commissioners seemed disturbed
that neither Wingerter, nor Barineau, nor SCA Services' Warren Gregory were able
to say with certainty how many containers would have to be retrofitted. Without
such hard data — which they appeared to expect the industry to supply — the com-
missioners left the impression they would hesitate to amend the proposed nine-
month compliance schedule which CPSC staff considered "reasonable." Nor did the
commissioners appear to embrace the ANSI timetable, which calls for completion of
the retrofit program for other than bins located near schools from three to 15
months beyond the commission's proposed Dec. 15, 1977, deadline.
Only one commissioner, Barbara Hackman Franklin, opposed the procedure by
which CPSC would ban refuse bins which do not comply with proposed safety stand-
ards after nine months. According to Franklin, this procedure (under Section 8
of the Consumer Product Safety Act) is vulnerable to litigation which could delay
or negate a safety standard for new refuse bins (under Section 7) and could set
an unwise legal precedent. Neither the commission staff, nor any other outside
witnesses, testified. -155-
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January 31. 1977 SOLID WASTE report Pa8e 22
NATIONAL MANDATORY DEPOSIT LEGISLATION REINTRODUCED BY HATFIELD, JEFFORDS
Legislation requiring a minimum 5c deposit on all beer and soft drink containers
sold in the nation has been reintroduced by Sen. Mark Hatfield (R.-Ore.) and James
Jeffords (R.-Vt.). Hatfield's S.276, introduced Jan. IB, would phase in the deposit
over a three-year period and ban so-called "flip-top" opening devices one year after
enactment (SWR, July 5, 1976, p. 105).
Inserting more than 50-pages of background documentation into the Congressional
Record, Hatfield cited recent "bottle bill" victories in Michigan and Maine as evi-
dence that the "returnable beverage container issue is... still very much alive."
Hatfield urged his colleagues to "give this matter additional thought in the com-
ing months" and, after hearings and further discussion, "take a strong position on
the need to reduce our wasteful discard of precious natural resources."
In a related development, Rep. Bob Eckhardt (D.-Tex.) has reintroduced legis-
lation to prohibit excessive packaging of consumer products. Supported by several
public interest groups, spearheaded by a student coalition known as UNWRAP, Eck-
hardt' s bill would be considered by his own House Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer
Protection and Finance.
* * *
NSWMA URGES RETENTION OF INDEPENDENT SENATE SMALL BUSINESS COMMITTEE
Abolition of the Senate Small Business Committee, proposed as part of an over-
all Senate reorganization scheme, has been opposed by National Solid Wastes Man-
agement Association. In a letter to key Senators, NSWMA1s Eugene Wingerter said,
"It is vital to the future health of the nation's small businesses that their
voice on Capitol Hill not be subordinated to that of their big business competitors
or to the large financial interests with which they deal."
Under Senate Resolution 4, as proposed, jurisdiction over small business af-
fairs would be consolidated in the Senate Agriculture Committee. Senate Rules
Committee, to which the resolution was referred for hearings, has recommended
against that consolidation, and floor debate is scheduled to begin today.
According to Wlngerter, the private solid waste management industry has "long
been dominated by the small, independent businessman. Lumping small business
jurisdiction with that of farm legislation would inevitably find the interests of
non-agricultural small businessmen given a back seat."
* * *
RUBBER RECLAIMERS ASSOCIATION BECOMES NEW NARI COMMODITY DIVISION
Companies which account for approximately 85% of the nation's recycled rubber
production, formerly organized as the Rubber Reclaimers Association, have affiliated
with the National Association of Recycling Industries as a new NARI commodity divi-
sion. According to NARI's M.J. Mighdoll, "The affiliation of these members of the
Rubber Reclaimers Association is fully consistent with NARI's objectives in provid-
ing representation, services and leadership for the recycling Industry in its
various commodity and operational sectors."
Initial group includes Atlos Rubber, Inc., Los Angeles; Centrex Corp., Find-
lay, Ohio; Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron; A. Lakin & Sons, Inc., Chicago; Mid-
west; Rubber Reclaiming Co., East St. Louis, 111.; Nearpara Rubber Co., Trenton;
Ohio Rubber Co., Willoughby, Ohio; Uniroyal, Inc., Mishawaka, Ind.; and U.S. Rubber
Reclaiming Co., Vlcksburg, Miss. Organizational meeting will be held Feb. 9.
* * *
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION is seeking a contractor to determine the potential
for combining fly ash with coal refuse, and to evaluate the usefulness of various
combinations of fly ash, coal refuse and other additives (lime, bitumen, cement,
etc.), as highway base course mixtures. Copies of RFP 205-7 may be requested be-
fore March 11 from Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,
Office of Contracts and Procurement, Washington, D.C. 20590. RFP is due March 31,
1977.
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January 31. 1977 SOLID WASTE report Pa?e 23
AROUND THE STATES
FLORIDA — Gov. Reubln Askew will attend groundbreaking ceremonies Feb. 2 for
construction of Energy Research and Development Administration's $2.B-mllllon ex-
perimental anaerobic digestion/methane recovery facility at Pompano Beach. Facility
is being constructed for ERDA by Waste Management, Inc., and is designed to convert
50 to 100 tons of solid waste and sewage sludge per day into pipeline-quality methane
gas.
GEORGIA — State Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Di-
vision, has established a free information service through which interested parties
nay offer to buy or sell waste materials, energy sources and used stationary waste
processing equipment. Complete description of material or service available or
wanted — including quantity, composition, form (liquid, sludge, solid), storage
and origin by county — should be directed to Georgia Waste Exchange, Room 804, 270
Washington St., S.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30334.
ILLINOIS — National Solid Wastes Management Association this month endorsed
proposed state regulations governing liquid and hazardous waste hauling, now under-
going public hearings. In a letter to Illinois Environmental Protection Agency,
NSWMA urged consistency of the state hazardous waste management program with appli-
cable provisions of the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act "to provide
an opportunity for interim and final authorization of the state's on-going reg-
ulatory activities."
IOWA — State Department of Environmental Quality has proposed legislation
requiring public or private agencies which dispose of solid waste on land owned or
leased by them to obtain waste disposal permits. Elimination of the current exemp-
tion, given top priority by DEQ, is considered to be the minimum change necessary
to allow state enforcement of new Federal regulations under the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act.
KENTUCKY — Norman E. Schell has been appointed Director, Solid Waste Division,
Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, effective
Jan. 16, and will later assume the directorship of a reorganized division dealing
with hazardous spills, toxic substances and all aspects of municipal and industrial
waste management (SWR, Jan. 3, 1977, p. 7). Division is currently surveying in-
dustries In the state, assisted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funding,
to determine where hazardous wastes are being generated and where they are being dis-
posed.
MASSACHUSETTS — Plainville Zoning Board of Appeals has granted a variance
to Clean Communities Corp., Peabody, clearing the way for construction of a $70-
mllllon resource recovery complex. First phase of the project, shredding and mag-
netic separation, should be in operation by spring, with the entire complex in
operation In about three and a half years.
NEW JERSEY — Dr. Edward J. Jablonowski has been named Administrator, Middle-
sex County Department of Solid Waste Management Programs, succeeding Theodore F.
O'Neill who is returning to graduate school on a full time basis. Jablonowski1s
appointment leaves vacant the position of Resource Recovery 'Program Manager within
the department.
NEW YORK — New York City Environmental Protection Administrator Robert A.
Low has endorsed the proposed separation of the city Department of Sanitation from
his own EPA organization. Low called the creation of "superagencies" such as EPA
a mistake, pointing out that the Department of Sanitation needs the full-time atten-
tion of a commissioner with immediate access and accountability to the Mayor. Low
told the City Council Committee on Charter and Government Operations, however, that
redeployment of fiscal and administrative support services should be delayed for
one year after creating autonomous sanitation and environmental protection
departments.
TENNESSEE — Federal grand jury In Knoxville this month indicted Knox County
Commissioner John M. Beeler on charges of extorting $82,500 over a 33-month period
from Browning-Ferris Industries* BFI-Knoxville unit. Maximum penalty upon convic-
tion on each count is 20 years In prison and a $20,000 fine.
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January 31. 1977 SOLID WASTE rCpOff Page 24
COMING UP -- CALENDAR OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MEETINGS
Feb. 15-16: Handling, & Disposal of Hazardous & Toxic Wastes Workshop, Saddle-
brook, N.J. Contact: Remus Klimaski, Dir. of Continuing Education, New Jersey Insti-
tute of Technology, 323 High St., Newark, N.J. 07102, (201) 645-5235.
Feb. 23-25: Economic Growth with Environmental Quality Conference, Washington,
D.C. Contact: John Adams, Environmental Industry Council, 1625 K St., N.W., Suite
210, Washington, D.C. 20006, (202) 331-7706.
March 2-3: Bioconversion Conference, Kansas City, Mo. Contact: Walter Benson
or Mary Louise Lillis, Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Blvd., Kansas City,
Mo. 64110, (816) 753-7600.
March 8-9: Street Cleaning & Maintenance Management Workshop, Philadelphia, Pa.
Contact: American Public Works Assn., Education Foundation, 1313 E. 60th St.,
Chicago, 111. 60637, (312) 947-2534.
March 10-11: Street Cleaning & Maintenance Management Workshop, Kansas City, Mo.
Contact: American Public Works Assn., Education Foundation, 1313 E. 60th St.,
Chicago, 111. 60637, (312) 947-2534.
March 10-15: National Association of Recycling Industries Annual Convention,
Miami, Fla. Contact: NARI, 330 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017.
March 14-16: Management of Gas and Leachate in Landfills. St. Louis, Mo.
Contact: Engineering Extension, College of Engineering, 1020 Engineering Bldg.,
University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Mo. 65201.
March 16-17: Regional View of Resource Recovery; Incentives and Options Seminar,
Atlanta, Ga. Contact: Beverly Hart, Atlanta Regional Solid Waste Task Force, 3405
Northlake Trail, Atlanta, Ga. 30340.
April 25-26: Western Solid Waste Symposium, Governmental Refuse Collection and
Disposal Association. Contact: Robert Lawrence, City of San Leandro, 835 E. 14th St.,
San Leandro, Calif. 95112.
April 27-29: Food, Fertilizer & Agricultural Residues Conference, Syracuse, N.Y.
Contact: Waste Management Conf., Cornell Univ., 207 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, N.Y.
14853.
May 10-12: 32nd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. West Lafayette, Ind.
Contact: A.J. Steffen, Rm. 310, Civil Engineering Bldg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette,
Ind. 47907, (317) 749-2078.
May 12: Small Business Program, Chicago, 111. Contact: National Association of
Recycling Industries, Inc., 330 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017, (212) 867-7330.
May 29-June 1: 24th Ontario Industrial Waste Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Contact: M.F. Cheetham, Conf. Coord., 135 W. St. Clair Ave., Suite 100, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M4V IPS.
June 24-25: Advanced Plant Supervisors Workshop, Chicago, 111. Contact: National
Association of Recycling Industries, Inc., 330 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017,
(212) 867-7330.
Aug. 8-9: Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference. Lewisburg, Pa. Contact:
William Snyder, Chemical Engineering Dept., Bucknell Univ., Lewisburg, Pa. 17837.
* * *
SOLID WASTE GRANTS & CONTRACTS
Environmental Protection Agency has awarded South Carolina Department of Health,
Columbia, $76,000 for solid waste planning;
Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences. Helena, $50,000 to
study the effect of particle size on landfilled solid waste;
Princeton University. Princeton, N.J., $85,585 to study the effects of diverse
parameters on steam pyrolysis of agricultural residues in a laboratory bench-size
reactor;
University of Waterloo. Ontario, Canada $23,600 to prepare an economic assess-
ment of an acid extraction method for recovering metals and phosphates from municipal
sewage sludge;
Geological Resources. Inc., Raleigh, N.C., $30,976 to develop a system for
evaluating groundwater contamination from waste disposal sources. END
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* GENERATION
* TREATMENT
* UTILIZATION
* DISPOSAL
Vol.
January 1977
Page 1
Camden Awarded $1.3-Million Sludge Composting Grant - •
OSW's Meyers Pledges Coordinated Sludge Program
EPA Reviews Sludge Spreading Impact on Groundwater - •
California To Propose Regulations for Sludge Application- •
Consultants Selected for San Francisco Area Sludge Study-
USG Finds Potential Markets for Sludge-Derived Compost •
Baker, Radian To Develop Guidelines for FGD Sludge - • •
BuMines Process Converts Mine Sludge to Solid Fill
Grant Awarded To Recover Aluminum from Alum Sludge
Page 2
Page 3
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 5
Page 6
Page 6
Page 7
SLANTS & TRENDS
TEN-YEAR, S45-BILLION PROGRAM for sewage treatment plant construction, proposed
this month by the Ford Administration, should insure continuing growth in the
generation of wastewater treatment plant sludge. Fiscal 1978 budget proposal,
sent to Congress on Jan. 17, also includes a $400-million supplemental appropria-
tion in fiscal 1977 for construction grants to states which will use up their
share of the $18-billion presently authorized before the newly proposed funds
become available in fiscal 1978. Other construction funds could come from public
works/jobs bills now pending in Congress.
FUNDS FOR SLUDGE MANAGEMENT, while not specifically identified, are included not
only in the construction grants program, but in various other Environmental Pro-
tection Agency budget accounts. EPA's solid waste program, for example, which has
primary sludge management responsibilities under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, would be authorized $24.5-million for all activities — an increase
of $8.8-million and 30 positions over fiscal 1977 levels. Another $5-million is
included in the water quality management planning grant program for sludge and
solid waste-related activities.
STATE POLLUTION CONTROL EFFORTS would no longer be funded by categorical grants,
under the new budget proposal, but rather by a single consolidated grant program
with budget authority totaling $135.4-million. These funds would be distributed
at the state's discretion, though EPA will continue to establish criteria for
state and local pollution control programs and to review plans for approval be-
fore Federal funds can be provided. Thus, states could devote more or less at-
tention to sludge depending on the relative magnitude of the problem.
INCOMING CARTER ADMINISTRATION is expected to submit its own budget proposal in a
month or so, and the final word, of course, rests with Congress through the appro-
priations process. In addition to funding, the new 95th Congress will again con-
sider Clean Air and Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendments which could
have an effect on sludge generation and management. Technical amendments to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act may also be considered by the 95th Congress,
and Rep. Robert Drinan (D.-Mass.) has reintroduced his comprehensive Sludge Man-
agement Act, this time as H.R.851 (SLUDGE, November 1976, p. 57).
Publisher: Leonard A. Eiserer
Editor: Eric B. Easton
Published monthly by Business Publishers. Inc. Subscription rate: $45
per year; $25 for six months in North America; $51 per year in all
other countries (including air mail postage). All rights reserved. Re-
production in any form whatsoever is forbidden without permission.
Editorial & Busmen Office: P.O. Box 1067. 818 Roeder Road. Silver Spring. MD 20910. (301) 587-6300
-159-
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January 1977 SLUDGE Page 2
CAMDEN AWARDED $1.3-MILLION SLUDGE COMPOSTING GRANT, MOVES OCEAN DUMPSITE
Camden, N.J., has been awarded a $1,289,913 grant from U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency to help build a facility to compost the sewage sludge it now dumps
into the Atlantic Ocean under a 90-day emergency permit issued Dec. 13 (SLUDGE,
December 1976, p. 67). Camden has also agreed in U.S. District Court to move its
dumpsite from 35 miles off Ocean City, Md., to about 100 miles off Cape Hay, N.J.,
as requested by EPA and the state of Maryland.
Camden will use the EPA funds (Grant No. C340678-01-0), plus about $500,000
in local funds for a "pilot study" to evaluate the composting method developed by
U.S. Department of Agriculture's Beltsville, Md., research station for sludge stabi-
lization and disposal on land. EPA officials expect Camden to have the facility
operational by the time its emergency dumping permit expires in March, though there
have been indications Camden may seek renewal. Camden has been dumping about 1.3-
mlllion gallons of sludge monthly and expects to dump about 5-million gallons during
the permit period.
Camden agreed to move the dumpsite, which could cost the city about $30,000
after Food and Drug Administration's Capt. James L. Verber told the court that the
threat of viral, bacterial and heavy metal contamination from Camden's untreated
sludge prompted FDA to close the area off Ocean City to shellfish harvesting. While
Philadelphia dumps about 10 times more sludge than Camden in the same site, Camden's
untreated sludge is far more toxic. Nevertheless, Maryland is expected to ask EPA
to force Philadelphia to dump its sludge at the Cape May site, currently used by
New Jersey for chemical wastes.
In a related development, EPA this month published its final revision of ocean
dumping regulations and criteria (SLUDGE, November 1976, p. 60). According to
National Wildlife Federation, the final regulations represent a "considerable improve-
ment" over EPA*s proposal, but the environmental group may return to court to seek
correction of continuing deficiencies. Noting that EPA "addressed many of out con-
cerns... some satisfactorily, some not so satisfactorily," NWF's Ken Kamlet told
SLUDGE a decision will be made shortly on whether to pursue the litigation further.
Limits Interim Permits. Amends Criteria
In keeping with EPA's intent to "eliminate ocean dumping of unacceptable materials
as rapidly as possible," revised regulations provide that "interim ocean dumping per-
mits will be issued after April 23, 1978, only to interim permit holders who have
exercised best efforts to meet the requirements of a special permit by that date and
have implementation schedules adequate to allow phasing out of ocean dumping or com-
pliance with the requirements of a special permit by Dec. 31, 1981." Deadlines now
apply to both industrial and municipal dumpers, and EPA will not retain discretion
to issue interim permits to applicants who do not meet these requirements.
With respect to criteria for evaluating permit applications, EPA has now based
all criteria on ecosystem impact rather than assumptions regarding allowable deviations
from normal ambient values. In particular, EPA says, "the use of bioassay results for
regulatory purposes will provide EPA with direct measurements of the impact of dumping
materials, so that it will no longer be necessary to infer damage indirectly through
measurements related to normal ambient values."
This emphasis on bioassay results, especially in determining so-called "trace
contaminants," represents a "great deal of movement in the right direction," according
to NWF's Kamlet. But Kamlet questions the degree of reliance on bioassay, to the ex-
clusion of other approaches, citing useful information available from chemical testing.
Bioassay is "useful," Kamlet said, "but it can't tell you everything," and NWF will
likely propose a minimum list of chemical substances which must be tested for.
Other objections NWF will probably raise concern continuing distinctions between
dredge materials and other wastes, such as sewage sludge. While EPA has acknowledged
a "principle" of similarity and imposed many of the same requirements of dredged mate-
rials as previously imposed on other wastes, Kamlet said there remain "inexplicable
and impermissible" exemptions for dredged materials. NWF is not entirely satisfied
with EPA efforts to conform to "burden of proof" requirements of the law, and will
probably press for more emphasis on adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. Regulations
appear in the Jan. 11 Federal Register.
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January 1977 SLUDGE Page 3
OSW'S MEYERS PLEDGES COORDINATED SLUDGE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Notwithstanding the broad authority over sludge management programs recently
granted Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste, "all the on-going
•ludge work — in EPA, other agencies, and the research community — will form the
cornerstone of EPA's sludge policy and programs," OSW1s Sheldon Meyers said last
month. Addressing the Third National Conference on Sludge Management, Disposal
and Utilization In Miami, Fla., Meyers outlined the authorities given OSW under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and, Internally, through the Residual Sludge
Working Group.
"If we are to manage sludge in an effective and environmentally sound manner,"
Meyers noted, however, "we must rely on and coordinate with those who have been
actively working in the field over the past several years. Having the authority
to handle a problem is only part of the equation," he said. "Working cooperatively
with all of those concerned will yield the only viable solution."
From EPA's perspective, Meyers said, insuring environmentally acceptable
sludge management is not only a responsibility, but also a challenge. "As we move
forward in our efforts to clean up the air and water, we generate Increasing quanti-
ties of sludge. Utilizing and/or disposing of this sludge in a manner that does
not significantly degrade the environment is clearly a major responsibility of this
agency," he said, suggesting that the new Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
P.L. 94-380, "helps us to define this responsibility better by clarifying our
authority over the land disposition of sludge" (SLUDGE, October 1976, p. 50).
As the sludge disposal problem grows, both in size and in scope, Meyers said,
the development of a unified and well-coordinated EPA policy on sludge management
becomes more critical. "Developing such a policy, and coordinating the many diverse
program activities that will support it, are definite challenges," he said. "EPA's
Residual Sludge Working Group, composed of affected offices within the agency with
an interest in sludge management, is striving to meet these challenges by integrat-
ing all policy planning and guidance work across program and office lines."
* * *
EPA REVIEWS POTENTIAL IMPACT OF SLUDGE SPREADING ON GROUNDWATER
Although the potential clearly exists for groundwater contamination from land
spreading municipal and industrial sludge, the actual impact has never been docu-
mented, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In a new "Report to
Congress on Waste Disposal Practices and Their Effects on Ground Water," EPA notes
that less than 1% of present municipal sludge disposal facilities and even fewer
industrial sludge spreading sites are monitored for their effects on water quality.
In the U.S., EPA says, municipal sludge production amounts to about 5-million
dry tons per year. Accurate data on quantities of industrial sludge are not avail-
able; however, the total volume certainly exceeds municipal sludge production many
times over. Organic and inorganic chemicals industries and coal-fired utilities
are the largest contributors of residues, accounting for more than half the total
production. Industrial expansion and growing pollution control activities should
Increase the volume of Industrial sludges dramatically over the next 10 years.
Most municipal and industrial sludge is now disposed of in landfills and im-
poundments, report says. As controls over these two methods of disposal become
more restrictive with respect to the type of waste accepted, however, the amount
of sludge diverted to land-spreading sites will increase rapidly. This, in turn,
threatens groundwater as organisms and chemical ions and compounds are leached by
precipitation and carried in percolate to ground water.
Report says the key to correct management combines site selection with sludge
composition, application rates, and land use. Of major importance to groundwater
is the availability of soil, such as a loam or silt loam, which is most efficient
for attenuating contaminants. Formal regulations governing land application of
wastewater sludges exist in 21 of the 54 states and territories. In most other
areas, EPA says, land spreading can only be regulated Insofar as the state shows
pollution of surface or groundwater will result from sludge disposal.
Copies of the report are available from EPA, Office of Water Supply, 401 M
St., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460.
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January 1977 SLUDGE fage 4
CALIFORNIA TO PROPOSE REGULATIONS FOR SLUDGE APPLICATION, DISPOSAL ON LAND
Regulations governing the handling, disposal and application to land of sewage
solids have been developed in draft form by California Department of Health's Vector
and Waste Management Section. Regulations are now being circulated among interested
agencies, prior to formal proposal for public hearings.
As prepared in draft, the proposed regulations set general requirements govern-
ing sludge management regardless of the type of disposal or use of sewage solids in-
tended or practiced. Additional requirements are then imposed based on broad sludge
use modes: disposal on land not used to grow grass or other plants; application of
sludge on land encumbered in perpetuity to support only nonedible vegetation; ap-
plication of sludge to land which supports or could support edible vegetation; and
sale or donation of sludge for potential use in home gardens.
Draft regulations also classify sludge as Grade 1, 2 or 3, depending upon the
concentration of cadmium and polychlorlnated biphenyls and the ratio of cadmium to
cine concentration. Grade 1 sludge would have less than 25 milligrams cadmium per
kilogram sludge dry weight; less than 10 mg FCB per kg sludge; and a cadmium concen-
tration lower than 1.52 the zinc concentration. Grade 2 sludge would be the same
as Grade 1, except that cadmium concentration would be between 25 and 100 mg per kg
sludge. Grade 3 sludge would have cadmium and FOB concentrations as in Grade 2, but
with any ratio of cadmium to zinc concentration.
Application to Non-Agricultural Lands
General requirements are largely devoted to public health-related concerns as-
sociated with sludge management at the wastewater treatment plant and disposal site,
as well as procedural matters such as inspections and reporting requirements. Waste-
water treatment authorities would be required to submit quarterly analyses of the
constituent elements of sludges destined for land disposal at other than rigorously
controlled Class I disposal sites, and annual reports on all land applications.
For disposal on land not used to grow plants, the draft regulations distinguish
between landfill disposal and disposal on land dedicated in perpetuity for sludge
disposal. Sludge bound for landfill must be stabilized or lime-treated and covered
by a six-inch layer of soil each day. Disposal to dedicated land is permitted only
as approved in writing by the health department.
Requirements for sludge disposal on land encumbered to support only nonedible
vegetation distinguish between land with and without public access within one year
after application. Even where there is no public access, cadmium-bearing sludge
may not be added to soil which contains more than 8 mg cadmium per kg soil as an
average In the top six inches of soil or to soil which has received 18 Ibs. of
cadmium per acre from previous applications of sludge or agricultural chemicals.
Where there is public access, sludge must also have undergone composting, long-term
storage or equivalent treatment to destroy disease-causing organisms.
Application to Land Used to Grow Food
Sludge utilized on agricultural lands which support or could support edible
vegetation must be applied at a rate which would add less than 0.3 Ibs. cadmium per
acre per year. Cadmium-bearing sludge may not be added to soil which contains more
than 2 mg cadmium per kg soil as an average in the top six Inches of soil or to soil
which has received 5 Ibs. of cadmium per acre from previous applications. Sludge
must conform to Grade 1 or 2 and must be stabilized.
Sludge applied to land to be used as pasture land for slaughter animals, or to
land which will be used within three months after application to grow fodder for
slaughter or dairy animals, or to land which will be used within one year as pasture
land for dairy animals, must undergo composting or equivalent treatment. Sludge
must be washed from vegetation.
All sludge applied to land used to grow crops for human consumption must un-
dergo composting or equivalent treatment, and no contact between sludge and edible
parts of the plants Is permitted. Detailed analyses of both soil and crops must
be conducted. Sludge to be sold for home gardening use must be dry and stabilized
and have undergone composting or equivalent treatment. Any such sludge must con-
form to Grade 1 and carry a label prescribed by the state.
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January 1977 SLUDGE PaSe 5
CONSULTANTS SELECTED FOR SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION WASTEWATER SOLIDS STUDY
Consultant contracts totaling more than $640,000 were given final approval by
the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) last month for services relating to
the joint San Francisco Bay Region Wastewater Solids Study for which EBMUD serves as
lead agency (SLUDGE, July 1976, p. 30). Engineering services will be performed by
CH2M Hill under a $350,000 contact; environmental impact report services by Environ-
mental Impact Planning Corp. under a $240,000 contract; and marketing services by
Gruen Gruen & Associates for about $60,000. All three consultants have San
Francisco offices.
In addition to EBMUD, study participants Include the city and county of San
Francisco, the city of San Jose, and Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, with
support from regional and state agencies and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA is funding 75% of the $1.8-million cost, with the state and localities sharing
the balance. Goal of the study is development of a regional policy and plan for
long-term municipal wastewater solids management needs in the nine-county Bay Area,
with staged facilities plans for the four major wastewater treatment agencies as
necessary to implement the regional program.
Approximately 12,000 wet tons of raw wastewater sludge or 450 dry tons are
presently produced each day in the study area. Treated sludge for disposal amounts
to about 2,000 wet tons or 280 dry tons per day. Raw wastewater sludge loadings
are expected to increase to 20,000 wet tons per day in 1985, and to 25,000 wet tons
per day in 2000, due to Increased population and industrial activity. As a result
of secondary and advanced wastewater treatment, the quantity of treated sludge
for disposal is expected to increase two to fivefold in the near future.
Phase I of the study, development of a work plan and initiation of long-lead
pilot programs, was completed last fall. Phase II, which continues through Decem-
ber 1977, involves development of a regional wastewater solids management policy
and regional plan, which must be approved by participating agencies before Phase
III can begin. That phase, to be completed by April 1978, involves development of
detailed, staged facilities plans for the four major treatment agencies. Phase IV,
ending December 1978, covers preparation and processing of project and environmental
Impact reports.
* * *
USG STUDY SEES GOOD POTENTIAL FOR COMPOST USE IN WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA
Potential markets exist for virtually all of the sewage sludge-derived compost
that could be produced in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, but a lot of work
remains before that potential could be realized, according to Urban Services Group,
Inc. In a study prepared for the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
USG said these potential markets could be secured if well-conceived, thorough active
approaches to them are taken.
Presenting the results of the study of the Third National Conference on
Sludge Management, Disposal and Utilization in Miami, Fla., last month, USG's Clark
W. Hand said a "rough and likely conservative estimate" of the maximum compost pro-
duction potential in the Washington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA)
is 1,700 tons per day. The study results show that from 900 to 15,500 tons per
day might be consumed if use is kept within a radius of about 25 miles from the
city, or from 5,600 to 160,900 tons per day if use is extended to within 100 miles.
"This Is not to say that the markets are waiting," Hand warned. "The ex-
perience to date, while substantial, is not at the stage where users would be will-
ing to accept and use the material without further considerations of acceptable
product specifications, use or purchase agreements, delivery considerations, ap-
plication rates and actual applications."
Hand further warned that results of the study do not "deliver" the markets to
local jurisdictions and agencies which may seriously consider program Implementation.
It does, however, provide a good Indication of the expected level of compost use for
all investigated markets; indication of marketing constraints, other than price,
which could preclude reaching maximum use; and approaches and tools that could be
used in program design and implementation to successfully secure different market
segments.
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January 1977 SLUDGE Page 6
BAKER, RADIAN TO DEVELOP GUIDELINES FOR FGD SLUDGE HANDLING, DISPOSAL
Michael Baker, Jr., Inc., Beaver, Pa., and Radian Corp., Austin, Tex., have been
retained by Electric Power Research Institute, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif., to develop
guidelines for proper handling and disposal of flue gas desulfurization sludge. Stated
objective of the study team is to "develop guidelines that will be a useful summary
tool for the entire utility industry, and in so doing, to shift the whole emphasis in
the handling, transport, processing, treatment and disposal of FGD residues from the
theoretical, experimental plane to the practical, Implementation level."
In proposing this study, Baker noted that regulatory agencies have emphasized
the commercially available FGD sludge fixation method, employing chemical additives,
as the only acceptable disposal method. "Considering the projected costs of this method,
we think it is prudent to examine all of the available Information to insure that the
results achieved justify this financial commitment to sludge fixation. We think it
is prudent also to determine if alternative disposal systems exist which are environ-
mentally acceptable but less costly," Baker said.
Over the year-long study period, the study group will collect and review data
from various sources knowledgeable about FGD systems and their byproducts. Alternative
fixation processes will be evaluated to determine the effect of variables such as
sludge characteristics, temperature, moisture, stabilizer composition, and curing
periods; and the chemical/physical characteristics of FGD sludges, fixed and unfixed,
will be compared with similar engineering, industrial and geological materials, Al-
ternative disposal methods, such as mine filling and blending of FGD sludge with ash,
strip mine spoil, and mineral tailings, will also be studied.
From this information, the study group will develop a range of costs for a hypo-
thetical 500 mW plant burning typical eastern and western coals. Final report will
assess capital, operating and maintenance costs, expressing overall costs in units
of dollars per ton of waste produced, dollars per ton of coal burned, and mills per
kW of energy produced.
* * *
BUMINES PROCESS CONVERTS MINE WASTE SLUDGE TO SOLID FILL MATERIAL
Studies by U.S. Bureau of Mines show that waste sludge from mining operations
can be converted Into solid material through application of direct current. Tests of
"electrokinetic denslficatlon" at lead, zinc and silver mines in Idaho show the proc-
ess quickly and economically dewatered and consolidated waste slime into solid
material used as backfill in mined out spaces. Laboratory tests showed similar re-
sults using sludge from Appalachian coal mining operations.
In the Idaho tests, the technique was applied by conducting 100 to 400 volts of
direct current through the slimes using common materials like wire fencing and metal
pipe as electrodes. The current caused suspended particles to move toward one elec-
trode, and clarified water to move toward the other. BuMines called the technique
"highly promising wherever there is a need both to dispose of slimy mineral wastes
and to backfill underground mine workings with solid material for extra support."
In one test, a "stope" or underground mine chamber was backfilled with 150 cubic
yards of sandy, slime-bearing slurry. Then electrokinetic denslfication was used to
dewater the mass for several hours until it was solid enough to walk on. In a second
step, electrokinetic treatment for 25 hours compacted the residue until it became
hard enough for mining operations to resume.
Initially, power required for dewatering the entire volume of slurry totaled 37
kilowatt hours. Further consolidation and hardening required 20 kWh per cubic yard
of densified fill. Labor and equipment costs were not gathered, but BuMines said
savings could be achieved in commercial use by using cheaper electrodes and fill
methods that take advantage of natural drainage and natural settling of coarse solids.
In laboratory tests, BuMines used direct current to dewater and densify fine-
grained coal sludge in order to alleviate disposal problems and recover the high
energy value present in the waste. Tests were performed on thickened underflow (no
flocculant added) from a northern Appalachian coal preparation plant, with 65% of
the particles less Chan 0.1 mm in diameter.
(Continued on following page)
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January 1977 SLUDGE Page 7
BUMINES PROCESS CONVERTS MINE WASTE SLUDGE TO SOLID FILL MATERIAL (CONT.)
In one test, a slurry of 55% dry-weight moisture content was converted into a
firm dense material with a 20% dry-weight moisture content. These results were
achieved in three hours with current density of 3.7 amp per square foot and a power
expenditure of 35 kWhr per cubic yard. The treated material has an average heating
value of 10,400 Btu per pound. Two other types of sludge were also tested; thickener
underflow from a southern Appalachian coal preparation plant with flocculant added
responded well to the treatment, but response was poor with sludge from an acid mine
drainage treatment plant.
Following reports are available free from Publications Distribution Branch,
BuMines, 4800 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213: "Electrokinetic Densification of
Hydraulic Backfill — A Field Test," RI 8075; "Electrokinetic Consolidation of Slimes
in an Underground Mine," RI 8190; and "Dewatering and Densification of Coal Waste
by Direct Current — Laboratory Tests," RI 8197.
* * *
MSU PROFESSOR TO DEMONSTRATE ALUMINUM RECOVERY FROM ALUM SLUDGE FOR AWWA
American Water Works Association Research Foundation has awarded Michigan State
University Prof. David A. Cornwell $25,000 to demonstrate a process for recovery of
aluminum from alum sludge generated by municipal water treatment plants. About one
million tons of alum sludge is produced annually in the U.S. as a byproduct of drink-
ing water purification; it is usually dewatered and landfilled, but Cornwell says
millions of dollars can be saved by recovering and recycling the aluminum.
First step in the process, which has already been demonstrated in a process
Cornwell helped develop to recover aluminum after it has been used to coagulate and
recover phosphorus from sewage sludge, involves acidifying the sludge to free alumi-
num ions. Then a solution of kerosene and alkyl phosphate is added and the mixture
is churned, putting the aluminum ions in contact with the kerosene solution so they
latch on to the alkyl phosphate ions.
When the mixture is allowed to settle, the kerosene solution, containing the
aluminum ions bound to the alkyl phosphate ions, floats to the top and can be with-
drawn. When this solution is treated with sulfuric acid, alum is formed which can
then be separated from the kerosene and both can be reused. After the alum has been
removed, the remaining solids settle out readily leaving a residue that can be burned
or landfilled. Cornwell says essentially all of the aluminum can be recovered, but
it might not be economical to do so in cities which use only a small amount of alum
for coagulation.
* * *
OTHER BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY NEVIS
Zimpro. Inc.. Rothschild, Wis., has received an $11.5-million contract to pro-
vide a system for thermal treatment of sewage sludge at the new 42-MGD Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, wastewater treatment plant. Zimpro will furnish three 200-gallon-per-minute
thermal sludge conditioning units which will sterilize sewage solids and convert
them to a dewaterable material, which will then be dewatered on vacuum filters and
burned auto-thermally In a seven-hearth Zimpro multiple hearth furnace. Equipment
is scheduled for completion in 1979; consultant on the project is Howard R. Green Co.,
Cedar Rapids.
Manchak Colorado. Inc.. Santa Barbara, Calif., is making available mechanical-
chemical-thermal processing pilot plants for test demonstrations at plants, landfills
and other facilities generating municipal, industrial and agricultural sludge. A
trailer-mounted simulation of a full-scale plant, the pilot has a wastewater capacity
of 1,000 gallons, with the reactor processing one cubic foot of sludge per minute
of amended sludge from the wastewater or direct intake of semi-solid sludge. Six
different wastewater sludges can be tested simultaneously, Manchak says, and the pro-
ceeded effluent and sludges are odor- and pathogen-free and metals are bound.
Contact: MCI, P.O. Box 30737, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93105.
(Continued on following page)
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January 1977 SLUDGE Paee 8
OTHER BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY NEWS (CONT.)
Envirex. Inc.. Waukesha, Wis., has published a new brochure describing Its Rex
non-metallic chain for rectangular sludge collectors. Copies of Brochure No. 315-65
are available from Envirex, Water Quality Control Division, 1901 South Prairie Ave.,
Waukesha, Wis. 53186.
Resources Conservation Co.. Renton, Wash., has named David Hervey manager of
business development. Hervey is formerly with RCC'a parent, The Boeing Co.
* * *
NEW SLUDGE PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE
Land Application of Waste Materials Includes 22 papers presented at a national
symposium in March 1976 covering research on consideration of soils for accepting
wastes; disposal of agricultural, silvicultural, municipal and industrial wastes!
sediment as a waste product; economics of land disposal; and a review of unresolved
problems. Copies of the 320-page, softbound proceedings are available @$10 from
Soil Conservation Society of America, 7515 N.E. Ankeny Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021.
Anaerobic Digestion of Lime Sewage Sludge. Research Report No. 50, favorably
assesses the ability of the anaerobic digestion process to accept the sludge pro-
duced by the addition of hydrated lime to the raw sewage of a conventional acti-
vated sludge plant. Copies of the 17-page research report are available free from
Training and Technology Transfer Division (Water), Environmental Protection Service,
Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3, Canada.
Analytical Methods for Sewage Sludge Analysis. Vol. IV of a larger study on
"Heavy Metals in Agricultural Lands Receiving Chemical Sewage Sludges," reviews both
existing and newly developed analytical methods. Copies of Research Report No. 51,
33 pages, are available free from Training and Technology Transfer Division (Water)
Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3,
Canada.
* * *
UPCOMING SLUDGE MANAGEMENT MEETINGS
Jan. 26-27: Municipal Waste Treatment, Evaluation of Current Developments,
Baltimore, Md. Contact: James D. Lyman, Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Energy
Research and Development Administration, Washington, D.C. 20545, (301) 353-5560.
Jan. 31-Peb. 2: First International Cadmium Conference. San Francisco, Calif.
Contact: Cadmium Council, 292 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017, or Cadmium Associ-
ation, 34 Berkeley Square, London W1X 6AJ, England.
Feb. 1-4: National Conference on Hazardous Waste Management. San Francisco,
Calif. Contact: Conference Committee, Crocker National Bank, Sacramento Main Office,
P.O. Box 1678, Sacramento, Calif. 95808.
Feb. 16-18: Sludge Handling and Disposal Seminar. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Contact: Gary Webster, Water Pollution Control Section, Northwest Region, Environ-
mental Protection Service, Environment Canada, Imperial Oil Bldg., Edmonton, Alta.
T5J 2X9, Canada; (403) 425-4569.
March 21-23: Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Recycling on Forest Land and
Disturbed Land, Philadelphia, Pa. Contact: Dr. William E. Sopper, Institute for
Research on Land and Water Resources, Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pa. 16802; (814) 863-0291.
April 27-29: Food. Fertilizer and Agricultural Residues. Syracuse, N.Y. Contact:
Waste Management Conference, Cornell University, 207 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, N.Y.
14853.
Aug. 8-9: Ninth Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference. Lewisburg, Pa.
Contact: Michael LaGrega, Civil Engineering Dept., Bucknell University, Lewisburg,
Pa. 17837.
Aug. 15-19: Water and Wastewater Control in the Paper Industry (short course),
Appleton Wis. Contact: J. John Keggi, Director of Continuing Education, Institute
of Paper Chemistry. P.O. Box 1039, Appleton, Wis. 54911; (414) 734-9251.
END
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ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
solid waste
MATERIALS PACKET
(INCLUDING PRIMARY LITERATURE)
-------
The Materials Packet
(Including Primary Literature)
Wherever possible in this guide to information on solid waste,
copies or examples of the materials discussed have been included
within the text. However, some of the secondary literature
sources discussed did not lend themselves to inclusion within the
present format. In those instances, whenever those secondary
materials were readily available, they were included in the
materials packet designed to accompany this guide.
In addition, throughout this guide references have been made to
a variety of literature and information sources which are classi-
fied as "primary literature" in the General Reference Guide.
Non-documentary sources and much of the secondary literature lead the
information-seeker to handbooks, reports, journal articles, legis-
lation, hearing transcripts, and many other forms of information
considered to be primary literature. Where primary literature
was considered to be of particular interest, it too was included
in the materials packet.
Materials in the packet are organized into two volumes. Volume I
contains general solid waste management information, including
reports dealing with both resource recovery and hazardous waste.
Volume II contains information pertaining specifically either
to resource recovery (particularly for energy) or to hazardous
waste management and disposal. Materials in both packets are
intended to be representative only and by no means include all
the information sources considered to be valuable.
A listing of materials included in the two volumes of the materials
packet is included on the following pages.
-167-
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Contents of Materials Packet
Volume I: General Solid Waste Management Information
Available Information Materials, Solid Waste Management, Total
Listing, 1966-1976, U.S. Environmental "Protection Agency
(SW-58.26), September, 1976.
Available Information Materials Supplement, Solid Waste
Management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (SW-58.26
Supplement), December, 1976.
Basic Issues on Solid Waste Management Affecting County Govern-
ment, National Association of Counties Research Foundation,
May, 1973.
Decision-Makers Guide in Solid Waste Management, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, (SW-500), 1976.
Developing a Local and Regional Solid Waste Management Plan,
written by Richard O. Toftner, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (SW-101ts.l), 1973.
EPA and Municipal Resource Recovery, Sheldon Meyers, Deputy
Administrator for Solid Waste Management, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Reprinted from NCRR Bulletin, Vol. VI,
No. 3, Summer 1976, National Center for Resource Recovery,
Inc., 1976.
Goals of the Federal Solid Waste Management Program, Paper Pre-
sented at the International Public Works Congress and Equip-
ment Show, Las Vegas, Nevada, September 27, 1976 by Sheldon
Meyers, then-Deputy Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste
Management Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1976.
Nation's Cities, The Magazine of the National League of Cities,
Four Reprints:
"Solid Waste, America's Neglected Pollutant," A Four-Part
Series of Articles from the June through September 1970
Issues by Patricia Conway George.
-------
Contents of Materials Packet
Volume I, continued
"Cities and the Nation's Solid Waste Disposal Crisis," Part I
and Part II, a report produced by a task force of municipal
officials, May, 1973.
"Dumps: A Potential Threat to Our Groundwater Supplies," by
Bruce Weddle and George Garland, October, 1974.
"Solid Waste Management Today...Bringing About Municipal
Change," A Roundtable of 18 Experts Discusses Trends in
Collection, Disposal, and Resource Recovery, by Diana Wahl
and Raymond L. Bancroft, August, 1975.
Our Effluent Society, The States and Solid Waste Management, The
Council of State Governments, Lexington, Kentucky, Feburary, 1974.
Problem-Solving in Solid Waste Management Through Federal-Local
Cooperation, Eight Case Studies, Compiled by Bruce Weddle and Martha
Madison, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (SW-134), 1974.
Public Law 94-580, The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976, October 21, 1976, Amendment of the Solid Waste Disposal
Act, 42 U.S.C. 3251. (Senate Bill S. 2150)
Related document:
Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Commerce
of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of
Representatives, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session, on
H.R. 14496, June 29 and 30, 1976, Serial No. 94-103.
Recovering Resources from Solid Waste Using-Wet Processing, EPA's
Franklin, Ohio Demonstration Project, U.S. EPA (SW-47d), 1974.
"The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976," A Brief Look
at Public Law 94-580, U.S. EPA (SW-563), 1976. (Brochure)
Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction; Third Report to Congress.
U.S. EPA (SW-161), 1975.
ii
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Contents of Materials Packet
Volume I, Continued
A Solid Waste Estimation Procedure: Materials Flows Approach,
written by Fred L. Smith, Jr., U.S. EPA (SW-147), May, 1975.
"Solid Waste Information Retrieval System; SWIRS," U.S. EPA,
1976. (Brochure listing of SWIRS with search categories and
SWIRS Search Request Form.)
Solid Waste Management, in Environmental Comment, Feburary 1977.
(Entire issue devoted to articles on solid waste management),
published by ULI—The Urban Land Institute.
Solid Waste Management...An Overview of State Legislation, National
League of Cities/U.S. Conference of Mayors, 1976.
The States' Roles in Solid Waste Management, A Task Force Report,
The Council of State Governments, Published by The Council of
State Governments, Lexington, Kentucky, April 1973—Reprinted
by Office of Solid Waste Management Programs, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, July 1973.
Waste Management Technology and Resource and Energy Recovery,
Proceedings of the Fourth National Congress, Cosponsored by "
the National Solid Wastes Management Association and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, November 12-14, 1975,
Published by U.S. EPA (SW-8p), 1976.
"Waste Reduction and Resource Recovery—There's Room for Both,"
by Nick Humber, U.S. EPA, Reprinted from Waste Age, November,
1975.
iii
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Contents of Materials Packet
Volume II: Resource Recovery and
Hazardous Waste Management Information
Part 1;
Materials on Resource Recovery (with particular emphasis on
Energy Recovery)
Energy in Solid Waste, A Citizen Guide to Saving, Citizens'
Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality, December, 1974.
Market Locations for Recovered Materials, A Current Report on
Solid Waste Management, Compiled by Stephen E. Howard,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (SW-518), August, 1976.
A Nationwide Survey of Resource Recovery Activites, a Current
Report on Solid Waste Management, by Richard E. Hopper, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (SW-142), January, 1975.
Resource and Energy Recovery, Municipal Solid Waste Management
Series, National League of Cities/U.S. conference of Mayors,
Edited by Franchot Buhler, December, 1973. (One of seven
booklets prepared in lieu of conference proceedings as a
result of a series of workshops and seminars held by the
NLC/USCM Office of Urban Services in several locations across
the nation.)
Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction, Current Reports, List
compiled by the Resource Recovery Division for the Office of
Solid Waste Management Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, September, 1976.
"The Resource Recovery Industry," by Chris G. Ganotis, of the
Mitre Corporation, and Richard E. Hopper of the U.S. EPA,
Reprinted from Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 10,
May 1976, American Chemical Society, 1976. (This article is
a synopsis of the larger report. The Resource Recovery
Industry — A Survey of the Industry and Its Capacity, U.S.
EPA (SW-501c), 1976. The larger report, referenced below,
is also included in the materials packet.)
The Resource Recovery Industry, A Survey of the Industry and Its
Capacity, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (SW-501c),
1976.
iv
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Contents of Materials Packet
Volume II, continued
Part 1:
Resource Recovery (continued)
Resource Recovery Planning...An Overview of the Implementation
Process, National League of Cities/U.S. Conference of Mayors,
no date.
Resource Recovery Plant Implementation! Guides for Municipal
Officials, A Series of Reports prepared by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs, 1976.
Titles in the series (all of which are included in the packet)
1. Planning and Overview (SW-157.1)
2. Technologies (SW-157.2)
3. Markets (SW-157.3)
4. Financing (SW-157.4)
5. Procurement (SW-157.5)
6. Accounting Format (SW-157.6)
7. Risks and Contracts (SW-157.7)
8. Further Assistance (SW-157.8)
"A Review of Energy Recovery Technologies," by Steven J. Levy and
Stephen A. Lingle, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reprinted
from Waste Age, November 1976.
San Diego County Demonstrates Pyrolysis of Solid Waste, by Steven J.
Levy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975.
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Contents of Materials Packet
Volume II, continued
Part 2;
Materials on Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal
Disposing of Small Batches of Hazardous Wastes, by M. Ghassemi, S.
Quinlivan, G. Gruber and H. Casey, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (SW-562), 1976.
Effective Hazardous Waste Management (Non-Radioactive), Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Position Statement, as printed in
the Federal Register/ Wednesday, August 18, 1976.
"Environmental Update on Toxic Substances," The League of Women
Voters Education Fund, Publication No. 644, Feburary 1976.
Federal Surveys of Industrial Waste, Paper Presented at the Solid
Wastes Management Association International Waste Equipment
and Technology Exposition, by John P. Lehman, then-Director,
Hazardous Waste Management Division, Office of Solid Waste
Management Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
in Los Angeles, June 20, 1975; Reprinted by EPA, 1976.
Hazardous Waste Disposal Damage Reports, Document no. 2, A Current
Report on Solid Waste Management, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, (SW-151.2), March, 1976.
This report details circumstances and types of damages from
three events: Dioxin Poisoning Caused by Improper Waste Disposal
in Missouri; Contamination of Groundwater Beneath the Rocky
Mountain Arsenal and Surrounding Area; and Dumping into Sand
Pit Polluting Domestic Wells in Texas.
Document no. 1 (SW-151) details three other damaging events:
Arsenic Poisoning in Minnesota; Industrial Waste Disposal on
Farmland in Illinois; and Fatality at a New Jersey Industrial
Landfill. (Document no. 1 is not included in the packet.)
Hazardous Waste Guidelines; Plans and Prospects, Paper Presented
at the Hazardous Waste Research Symposium: Residual Management
Land Disposal, by Walter W. Kovalick, Jr., then-Chief, Guidelines
Branch, Hazardous Waste Management Division, Office of Solid
Waste Management Programs, Environmental Protection Agency;
in Tucson, Arizona, February 2, 1976; Reprinted by EPA, 1976.
VI
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Contents of Materials Packc-t
Volume II, continued
Part 2;
Materials on Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal
Incineration in Hazardous Waste Management, Prepared by A.C. ScurlocJ',
A.W. Lindsey, T. Fields, Jr., and D.R. Huber, of the Hazardous
Waste Management Division of the Office Of Solid Waste Manage-
ment Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (SW-141),
1975.
Information About Hazardous Waste Management Facilities, A Current
Report on Solid Waste Management, Compiled by Donald Farb and
S. Daniel Ward, U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyt (SW-145),
February, 1975.
The National Hazardous Waste Management Program, Paper Presented
at the 79th National Meeting, American Institute of Chemical
Engineers, by John P. Lehman, then-Director, Hazardous Waste
Management Division, Office of Solid Waste Management Programs,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; in Houston, March 17,
1975; Reprinted by EPA, 1976.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Contalning Wastes, Disposal Procedures,
Environmental Protection Agency, Notice, as printed in the
Federal Register, Thursday, April 1, 1976.
State Hazardous Waste Regulations and Legislation; a Synopsis
of Information on Seven Selected States, by Phillip Waldrop,
U.S. EPA, 1976.
State Program Implementation Guide; Hazardous Waste Transporta-
tion Control, A Current Report on Solid Waste Management,
Prepared by C.H. Porter, U.S. EPA (SW-512), 1976.
State Program Implementation Guide; Hazardous Waste Surveys,
A Current Report on Solid Waste Management, Prepared by
C.H. Porter, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (SW-160),
1975.
vii
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Contents of Materials Packet
Volume II, continued
Part 2;
Materials on Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal
A Summary of Hazardous Substance Classification Systems, A
Current Report on Solid Waste Management, Prepared by Allen
M. Kohan, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (SW-171),
1975.
"Vinyl Chloride, Recommended Procedures for Disposal of Aerosol
Cans," Part I, U.S. EPA, as printed in the Federal Register,
Wednesday, June 9, 1976.
viii
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