An Introductory User's Guide to Risk
Assessment Information Sources
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CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. INFORMATION RESOURCES
Hazard Identification
Dose-Response Assessment
Exposure Assessment
Risk Characterization
III. HUMAN RESOURCES
Regional Offices
Headquarters
IV. REFERENCES FOR DATABASES AND MODELS
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I. INTRODUCTION
This directory is intended as a sampler of the numerous
information sources available for conducting risk assessment. It
contains references to EPA databases, models, and staff
resources. Key information sources are grouped under each major
phase of risk assessment.
Several types of information sources are available for risk
assessment. These include databases, data files, tapes, models,
manuals, directories, publications, periodicals, and human
resources. Databases are the most direct means for accessing
large amounts of both quantitative and qualitative data quickly.
Models often provide the only means for site-specific analyses.
Human resources are invaluable for guidance through the sea of
information. In order to simplify this guide, only databases,
models, and human resources are included. For listings of other
types of information, the Superfund Risk Assessment Information
Directory, available through the EPA document retrieval service,
is an excellent .source.
In selecting the databases and models included here, we have
attempted to create a list that represents a good base of infor-
mation covering several facets of risk assessment. The universe
of information sources is overwhelming. This list of databases
is a subset of those included in the Superfund Directory cited
above. That list was narrowed according to several criteria.
Only EPA resources are included. These sources are readily
available to EPA staff through the appropriate office. All data-
bases selected are available at this time or will be available
soon. Bibliographic databases, which contain only references to
other publications, have been excluded from this guide. When
several databases contained very similar information, the one
with the broadest coverage was selected. Databases with very
specialized information were not included.
Chapter II of this guide is organized into four sections
corresponding to each step in the risk assessment process: haz-.
ard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assess-
ment, and risk characterization. A listing of databases and/or
models, including the name of each information source and a short
description, is provided in each section. Additional information
on each source is contained in Chapter IV. This information
includes a longer description and the EPA office and/or person
responsible who can be contacted for additional information.
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Throughout the Agency/ staff with specialized knowledge are
available for consultation on risk assessment problems.
Chapter III identifies the key people in both the regional
offices and headquarters who can be contacted for guidance on a
specific problem and to identify additional information sources.
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II. INFORMATION RESOURCES
This chapter summarizes available information resources that
might be of use in risk assessment. It is organized into four
sections, which follow the major steps in the risk assessment
process:
• Hazard identification
• Dose-response assessment
• Exposure assessment
• Risk characterization
Many databases can be used for more than one purpose; there-
fore, several databases are listed under more than one heading.
To keep the lists manageable, the databases are listed only under
those headings that they directly address, although the infor-
mation they contain could also be used for different steps.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazard identification addresses the need of establishing
what health hazards are present from a specific chemical. The
information needed to identify a hazard can be broken down into
two categories: physical and chemical properties, and hazard
characterization.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The databases listed here contain information on the physi-
cal and chemical properties of environmental contaminants.
• OTS Chemical Directory (CHEMD); Provides chemical struc-
tures for chemicals in all OTS automated systems.
• Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS); The CHEMEST
database contains information on solubility, log P, boil-
ing point, and vapor pressure of various substances.
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• Oil and Hazardous Materials—Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS)i Contains data gathered on Iy334 mate-
rials that have been designated oil or hazardous materi-
als.
• Public Health Risk Evaluation Database (PHRED); Provides
chemical, physical, and toxicological data and health-
based standards for over 400 chemicals.
• Scientific Parameters for Health and the Environment/
Retrieval and Estimation (SPHERE); The ISHOW database
contains melting point, boiling point partition coeffi-
cient, acid dissociation constant, water solubility, and
vapor pressure data for 5,400 chemicals.
• Air Emissions for Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities for Hazardous Waste (TSDF);Will contain the
waste stream compositions and physical-chemical proper-
ties for TSDFs.
Hazard Characterization
Health hazards from exposure to a contaminant can be charac-
terized based on several different types of data. These data-
bases contain epideraiological and toxicity data.
• Acute Hazards Data; Contains data on the acute toxicity
of various chemical substances.
• Air Toxics Clearinghouse; Includes pollutant-specific
and source-specific information on toxic air pollutants.
• CSB Existing Chemical Assessment Tracking System
(CECATST;Includes information from several sources on
chemical identities, health and environmental effects,
chemical uses, and market information.
• Environmental Effects/Fate Information System (EEFIS);
Contains chemical fate and environmental effects data on
chemicals identified for priority testing consideration,
chemicals for which test rules have been generated, and
chemicals requiring testing under Section 4 of TSCA.
• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); Contains
results of carcinogenicity bioassays, dose-related
responses, toxicity levels,' reference doses, and other
parameters on about 200 compounds.
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Oil and Hazardous Materials—Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS)t Contains information on 1,334 materi-
als designated oil or hazardous material.
Pesticide Document Management System (PDMS); An index to
studies on the properties and effects of pesticides.
Public Health Risk Evaluation Database (PHRED): Provides
chemical, physical, and toxicological data and health-
based standards and criteria for over 400 chemicals.
Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk Assessment
(STARA); Contains available quantitative toxicological
data on all EPA priority pollutants.
DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
Dose-response assessment generally involves extrapolation
from epidemiological data. This extrapolation may involve fac-
tors such as dose duration, dose level/ animal versus human stud-
ies/ or exposure route. The following databases contain dose-
response information.
• Genetic Toxicology Division Bioassav System (GTDMIS):
Contains the results of numerous biological test systems
for detecting carcinogenicity or mutagenicity.
• ORALTOX; Contains acute oral toxicity data for rats,
wild birds, and wild mice for about 20,000 chemicals.
• Scientific Parameters for Health and the Environment,
Retrieval and Estimation (SPHERE); The Dermal Absorption
database contains health effects data for approximately
650 chemical substances. The Genetox database contains
mutagenicity data on 3,170 chemicals.
• Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk Assessment
(STARA); Contains toxicological data on all EPA priority
pollutants.
• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); Contains
results of carcinogenic bioassays, dose-related
responses, toxicity levels, reference doses, and other
parameters used to control exposure for 200 compounds.
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• Dyer EEC Evoked Potential (DEEP); Contains data on the
physiological consequences of acute and/or chronic toxi-
cant exposure on nervous system functions.
• Neurotoxicity Data; Contains evaluated neurotoxicity
data on many chemicals reviewed by OTS.
• Inhalation Literature; Contains information on inhala-
tion toxicity on 100 chemicals.
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Exposure assessment involves estimating the actual concen-
tration of a chemical to which humans may be exposed. Exposure
assessment involves three separate steps: determining the chem-
ical concentration in the environment, determining the population
at risk from the contaminant, and determining the exposure route,
magnitude, and duration.
Chemical Concentration in
Environmental Media
The first step in exposure assessment is to estimate the
concentration of the chemical in the environment. Models are
often used for this step/ but databases can also provide useful
information on such factors as chemical concentrations in the
ambient environment, quality data for waste streams, or environ-
mental characteristics that may impact a chemical's concentra-
tion. For the sake of brevity, only the model names are included
in this section. A complete description of the models can be
found in Chapter IV.
Databases
• Air Toxics Clearinghouse? Contains pollutant-specific
and source-specific information on toxic air pollutants.
• Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS); Contains
meteorologic data, geoecology data, stream flow rates,
POTW data, and water supply data.
• Pesticide Document Management System (PDMS); An index to
studies on the properties and effects of pesticides.
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Storage and Retrieval of Water Quality Information
(STORET); Contains water quality data, including aquatic
biological data, hydrologic data, and stream reach data.
Air Emissions from Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities for Hazardous Waste (TSDF); Contains data on
TSDFs, including air emission models and dispersion
models.
Atmospheric Fate Models
• BOXMOD80
• Climatological Dispersion Model (CDM)
• CRSTER
• Industrial Source Complex (ISC)
• Point Source Discharge—Concentration at a Distance
(PTDIS)
• PTMTP
• Point, Area, Line Source Algorithm (PAL)
• RAM
• Texas Episodic Model (TEM)
• Valley
Surface Water Fate Models
• Channel Transport Model (CHNTRN)
• Chemical and Stream Quality Model (TOXIWASP)
• Chemical Transport and Analysis Program (CTAP)
• DYNHYD3
• Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E)
• Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS)
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• Hydrological Simulation Program—Fortran (HSPF)
• Probabilistic Dilution Model (PDM)
• Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS)
• Michigan River Model (MICHRIV)
• Sediment-Contaminant Transport (SERATRA)
• Time-Dependent, Three-Dimensional Transport Model
• Time-Dependent, Three-Dimensional, Variable-Density
Hyrodynamic Model
• Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation
Model (TOXIC)
• Transient One-Dimensional Degradation and Migration Model
(TODAM)
• Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP3)
• Water Quality Assessment Methodology (WQAM)
• Water Quality Modeling System for the Great Lakes
(WQMSGL)
Unsaturated Zone and Ground Water
Fate Models
• MINTEQ
• Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM)
• Pesticides Analytical Transport Solution (PESTAN) or
Analytical Transient 1, 2, 3—Dimensional Model (AT123D)
• Regulator and Treatment Zone Model (RITZ)
• Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL)
• Simulated Waste Access to Ground Water (SWAG)
* Three-Dimensional Plumes in Uniform Ground-Water Flow
(PLUMEZD)
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Population at Risk
The second step in exposure assessment is estimating the
population at risk from the contaminant.
• Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS); Contains 1980
census data for a variety of population statistics.
Exposure Route, Magnitude, and Duration
Parameters useful in assessing exposure routes, magnitudes,
and durations include dermal absorption data, oral intake data,
toxicological data in dose-duration terms, and bioassay data
involving known exposure routes and durations.
• Genetic Toxicology Division Bioassay System (GTDMIS);
Contains the testing results of biological tests for
detecting carcinogenicity, or mutagenicity.
• Inhalation Literature: Contains information on inhala-
tion toxicity on 100 chemicals.
• Oil and Hazardous Materials—Technical Assistance Data
Svstern (OHM-TADS)t Contains data on 1,334 materials
designated oil or hazardous material.
• Pesticide Document Management System (PDMS); An index on
the properties and effects of pesticides.
• Scientific Parameters for Health and the Environment,
Retrieval and Estimation (SPHERE); Contains five files
on the health and environmental effects of chemical sub-
stances.
• Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk Assessment
(STARA); Contains quantitative toxicological data on all
EPA priority pollutants.
RISK CHARACTERIZATION
Risk characterization is the estimation of human health
risks or environmental risks from the chemical concentration
'levels determined in the exposure assessment. Risk characteriza-
tion is largely the synthesis of information gathered in the
first three steps of the risk assessment process.
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Human Health Risk
The databases listed here include data on research results
on health effects, and testing and regulatory activities. Two
models are also listed which provide health risk estimates.
• CSB Existing Chemical Assessment Tracking System
(CECATS): Includes information from several sources on
health and environmental effects.
• EPA Chemical Activities Status Report (EPACASR); Con-
tains references to chemical substances under review by
the EPA.
• General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation; Contains
information for assessing health impacts resulting from
environmental radiation.
• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); Contains
results of carcinogenic bioassays, dose-related
responses/ toxicity levels, reference doses, and other
parameters for 200 compounds.
• Oil and Hazardous Materials—Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS); Contains information on 1,334
materials designated oil or hazardous material.
• Physiological Data Acquisition System (PDAS); Contains
physiological data from subjects who perform tests while
exposed to various pollutants.
• Public Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED);
Contains toxicological data and health-based standards
and criteria for over 400 chemicals.
• Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk Assessment
(STARA); Contains quantitative toxicological data on all
EPA priority pollutants.
• Mixture and Systemic Toxicant Risk Model (MSRM); Esti-
mates human health risk from exposure by any route.
• Radionuclide Dose Rate/Risk (RADRISK); Estimates health
risk due to inhalation or ingestion of radionuclides.
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Environmental Effects;
Environmental effects include changes in aquatic and
terrestrial natural resources brought about by exposure to
chemical substances. Knowledge of such effects may be important
in analyzing chemical migration pathways and potential human
exposures; however, knowledge of environmental effects is also
important in analyzing the non-human risks of a chemical release.
Information that can be found, in the following databases includes
data on natural resource injuries caused by exposure to
chemicals.
• Environmental Effects/Fate Information System (EEFIS);
Includes data on chemical fate and environmental effects
information.
• Oil and Hazardous Materials—Technical Assistance Data
System;Contains data on 1,334 materials designated oil
or hazardous material.
• ORALTOX: Contains oral toxicity data for rats, wild
birds, and wild mice.
• Scientific Parameters for Health and the Environment,
Retrieval and Estimation (SPHERE); Contains data on
acute, chronic, bioaccumulative, and sublethal effects of
over 2,500 chemical substances on freshwater and marine
organisms.
• Studies on Toxicitv Applicable to Risk Assessment
(STORET); Contains quantitative toxicological data on
all EPA priority pollutants.
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III. HUMAN RESOURCES
This chapter lists EPA individuals who have been identified
as being sources of unique information or advice concerning risk
characterizations. These individuals should be contacted only
when the data required to characterize risks cannot be found
through the traditional information resources.
Several agencies other than EPA may also be useful sources
of information on risk assessment. An extensive directory of
such agencies is contained in a Public Health Foundation publica-
tion entitled Resource Guide for Environmental Health Risk
Assessment.
REGIONAL STAFF
Regional Network for
Risk Assessment Issues
EPA's Regional Network for Risk Assessment Issues was
developed two years ago. The following people are designated by
Regional Administrators to serve as primary contacts for partici-
pating in agencywide risk assessment initiatives. Many of them
also chair their Region's cross-media committee for addressing
toxic chemical exposure issues, so they have an overall perspec-
tive on risk assessment activities in their Region. Susan Deihl
or Earl Bozeman should be contacted for further information,
Region IV, FTS 257-3776.
Region I Tom D'Avanzo FTS 223-4864
Chairman, Toxics Coordinating Committee '
Air Management Division
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Room 2203
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Region II Kevin Bricke, Chief FTS 264-4296
Policy and Program Integration Branch
26 Federal Plaza
Room 900
New York, New York 10278
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Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Maria Pavlova, M.D., Ph.D. FTS 264-1918
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10278
Greene A. Jones, Director FTS 597-9378
Environmental Services Division
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Susan Deihl FTS 257-3776
Risk Assessment Coordinator
Office of Policy and Management
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
David Dolan FTS 886-5518
Pesticides and Toxic Substances Branch
Environmental Services Division
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Jim Bob Sales
Hazardous Materials Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75270
Jill Lyons
Toxics Coordinator
Air Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75270
William W. Rice
Deputy Regional Administrator
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas 66101
Bob Fenemore
Air and Toxics Division
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas 66101
FTS 729-9722
FTS 729-9187
FTS 757-2800
FTS 757-2835
Region VIII Jim Baker
FTS 564-1524
Air and Waste Management Division
One Denver Place
Denver, Colorado 80202-2413
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Region IX
Region X
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Suzanne Wuerthele, Toxicologist
One Denver Place
Denver, Colorado 80202-2413
Arnold Den
Senior Science Advisor
Office of Policy and Management
215 Freemont Street
San Francisco, California 94105
Gary O'Neal, Director
Air & Toxics Division
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
Dr. Dana Davoli, Toxicologist
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
FTS 564-1743
FTS 454-7487
FTS 399-1152
FTS 399-1757
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, RTF
Ila Cote, Toxicologist FTS 629-5645
(Mail Drop 12)
Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Health Assessment Network
In addition to the Regional Network for Risk Assessment
Issues outlined above, there is also a Health Assessment Network,
which is a group of EPA staff involved in various aspects of
health/risk assessment and have informally agreed to help each
other find answers to specific technical questions related to
risk assessment. The range of specialties represented in the
network is quite broad—e.g., exposure assessment, PCBs,
ground-water contamination, general toxicology, and statistics.
As of early 1986, there were about 50 EPA staff members in the
Health Assessment Network, with representatives from all the
regional offices, headquarters, and several field components.
There were also about 20 people in the network who represent
external organizations such as state health departments, state
environmental protection organizations, and private contractors.
For more information about the Health Assessment Network, contact
Suzanne Wuerthele, Region VIII, FTS 564-1743.
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Air Toxics
The following EPA Regional personnel are designated contacts
for air toxics questions (only names and telephone numbers are
given below; the addresses for regional offices are given above
for the risk assessment contacts).
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX
Region X
Margaret McDonough
(617) 223-4870; FTS 223-4870
Beth Hasset
(617) 223-4880; FTS 223-4880
Bob Kelly
(212) 26.4-2517; FTS 264-2517
Iz Milner
(215) 597-9090; FTS 597-9090
Paul Racette
(215) 597-9009; FTS 597-9009
Doug Cook
(404) 347-2864; FTS 257-2864
Harriet Croke
(312) 353-6009; FTS 353-6009
Jill Lyons
(214) 767-9187; FTS 729-9187
Bob Chanslor
(913) 236-2893; FTS 757-2893
Dewitt Baulch
(303) 293-1761; FTS 564-1761
Tim Smith
(415) 974-8219; FTS 454-8219
Dana Davoli
(206) 442-1757; FTS 399-1757
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HEADQUARTERS STAFF
Risk Assessment Council
The Risk Assessment Council was organized to provide
executive oversight of the development, review, and
implementation of risk assessment policy.
Chairman: John A. Moore
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Coordinator: Donald Barnes
Office of Research and Development
(202) 382-2897
Risk Assessment Forum
The Risk Assessment Forum is made up of 10 senior agency
scientists. Its objective is to promote consensus on risk
assessment issues and ensure incorporation into risk assessment
guidance.
Chairman: Peter W. Preuss
Director, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment
Executive Dorothy Patton
Secretary: Office of Research and Development
(202) 475-6743
Risk Management Council
The Risk Management Council was organized to provide
executive oversight of the development, review, and
implementation of risk management policy.
Chairman: Lee Thomas
Administrator
Coordinator: Deborah Taylor
Office of the Administrator
(202) 382-7960
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OTS Chemical Assessment Desk
The OTS Chemical Assessment Desk is an outreach service to
other EPA offices and regions. It provides information on risk
assessment activities for chemicals evaluated in the OTS Existing
Chemicals Program. The Desk also provides estimates of chemical
toxicity and environmental fate based on structure-activity
relationships in the absence of data, and offers assistance in
identifying related risk assessment activities in other EPA
program offices. The Chemical Assessment Desk can be reached
through Terry O'Bryan, FTS 8-382-3483, (202) 382-3483.
Office of Information Resources
Management; Risk Assessment/Risk
Management Bulletin Board
The Office of Information Resources Management has estab-
lished a risk assessment and risk management Bulletin Board on
EPA's electronic mail (E-mail) system. Anyone in EPA with access
to E-mail can post messages on the Bulletin Board and read
messages posted by others. The Bulletin Board can be used to
post notices of upcoming conferences, workshops, and other
events; request assistance from others on specific risk assess-
ment or risk management problems; inform others of useful infor-
mation; and, in general, promote further communication regarding
risk-related matters. For assistance in posting announcements or
reading entries on the Bulletin Board, contact Electronic Mail
User's Support at FTS 8-382-5639 ro Earl Bozeman, Region IV, FTS
8-257-3776.
Office of Research and Development
Peter W. Preuss, Ph.D.
Director, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
FTS 8-382-7315
William Farland, Ph.D.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
FTS 8-382-5898
(NOTE: Contact for cancer/mutagenicity/reproductive effects
risk assessment questions)
Michael A. Callahan, Ph.D.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
FTS 8-475-8909
(NOTE: Contact for exposure assessment questions)
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Lester Grant, Ph.D.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
FTS 8-629-4173
(NOTE: Lester Grant is located in Region IV, Hwy 54 and
Alex Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711)
Chris DeRosa
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
FTS 8-684-7534
Commercial (513) 569-7534
(NOTE: Chris DeRosa is located in Region V, 26 West
St. Clair Street, Cincinnati, OH 45268)
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Craig D. Zamuda, Ph.D.
Policy Analysis Staff
FTS 8-382-2201
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
Sheryl Sterling
Chief, Health Sciences Section
FTS 8-382-5646
Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances
Arnold Edelman
Chemical Activity Coordination Group
FTS 8-382-2249
Ted Farber
Liaison with FDA on Fish Contamination Issues
(202) 557-7351
Office of Solid Waste
Reva Rubenstein
Chief, Health Assessment Section
(202) 382-5219
Art Glazer
Chief, Storage/Incineration Permit Assistance Section
(202) 382-4652
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Terry GrogaA
Chief, Land Disposal Permit Assistance Section
(202) 382-4740
Office of Air and Radiation
Robert Kellam
Section Chief, Pollutant Assessment Branch
Research Triangle Park, NC
(919) 541-5646; FTS 8-629-5646
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IV. REFERENCES FOR DATABASES AND MODELS
This chapter contains more complete descriptions of the
databases and models cited in Chapter II. It is divided into two
main sections: databases and models. Some of the items included
in this chapter as databases (e.g., IRIS) are actually ancillary
automated systems which facilitate the research and manipulation
of data; these systems can be distinguished from sources of data
by their description as "indexing," "tracking," or "search sys-
tem" under "Type." After the description of each database,
references for additional information are given. For most of the
databases, the EPA office where the database resides and a
responsible person are provided. These descriptions are repro-
duced from the Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory.
The list of databases and models is far from exhaustive.
The databases were identified through EPA's "Information Systems
Inventory," an agencywide compilation of databases. These data-
bases have been selected because they have been identified as
having the primary purpose of risk assessment, and because
together they cover a wide range of topics. There are several
additional databases, some of which are very narrow in scope,
which may be more applicable or useful for a given situation.
The models chosen here are accepted, commonly used environmental
fate and transport and exposure assessment models. As with the
databases, numerous additional models exist that may be better
suited to a particular problem.
DATABASES
Acute Hazards Data
Subject: Acute Toxicity of Substances
Content: This microcomputer-based database on the acute
toxicity of various chemical substances has been
developed by OTS in support of an agencywide
activity following the Bhopal, India tragedy.
This database will be used to develop materials to
circulate to states and localities concerning a
list of 400 chemicals identified by EPA as being
potentially of concern if released to the environ-
ment.
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Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Economics and Technology Division, U.S. EPA
Nilesh Patel
8-382-3718
Air Emissions from Treatment
Storage and Disposal Facilities
for Hazardous Waste (TSDF)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Air Emissions
Non-bibliographic
The TSDF, which is currently under development,
will contain information about industrial facili-
ties which treat, store, or dispose of hazardous
waste. Data to be compiled in TSDF include com-
pany names, locations, and descriptions, the size
of each site, waste stream compositions, and
physical-chemical properties. In addition, air
emission models and dispersion models will be
included. The TSDF will be used to generate air
emission inventories to support future air pollu-
tion regulation.
Office of Air and Radiation
Gene Smith
8-629-5571
Air Toxics Clearinghouse
Subject: Toxic Air Pollutants
Type:
Content:
Bibliographic and information search
This database was developed to help exchange
information among state and local environmental
agencies and the EPA. The contents include over
60,000 records on subjects like: control pro-
grams, correspondence, publications, reports, and
data of states' developed and developing programs.
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Time Span:
Updating:
Holder:
Online
Service:
Contact:
Varies with file
Varies with file
Office of Air Programs, U.S. EPA
Government access through Account with EPA. On
EPA IBM Mainframe. Private access through NTIS.
Dave Patrick or Karen L. Blanchard
(919) 541-5519
CSB Existing Chemical Assessment
Tracking System (CECATS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Chemical-Specific Hazard Information
Document Tracking
CECATS is an automated document tracking system
designed to aid the Chemical Screening Branch
(CSB) in reviewing data on existing chemicals and
selecting those substances that require additional
attention by the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS).
The system provides storage, retrieval, verifi-
cation trails, data manipulation, and report
generation for information on existing chemicals
associated with: TSCA Section 8(e) submissions,
For Your Information (FYI) submissions, Chemical
Hazard Information Profiles (CHIP), Pre-Chip
screenings, and Substitute Hazard Profiles. These
sources provide information on chemical identi-
ties, health and environmental effects, chemical
uses, and market information. Information on the
status of a chemical within OTS is also provided.
Office of Toxic Substances
James Darr
8-382-3470
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Dyer EEC Evoked Potential (DEEP)
Subject: Nervous System Health Effects
Type: Non-bibliographic
Content: Data are maintained on the physiological conse-
quences of acute and/or chronic toxicant exposure
on nervous system functions
Holder: Office of Health Research
Responsible
Person: Robert Dwyer
FTS Phone: 8-629-2760
EPA Chemical Activities Status
Report (EPACASR or CASR)
Subject: Chemistry
Type: Reference (Bibliographic)
Content: This database contains more than 19,000 references
to over 8,000 chemical substances review or under
review by the U.S. EPA in the course of its regu-
latory activities and scientific research. A
summary of EPA activities is provided with each
named substance.
Time Span: Up to February 1984
Updating: It is not updated
Responsible
Person: Doug Sellers
Telephone: (202) 382-2320
Environmental Effects/Fate
Information System (EEFIS)
Subject: Chemical Fate; Environmental Effects
Type: Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
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IV-5
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
Telephone:
EEFIS provides user-friendly, menu-driven access
through any IBM-compatible personal computer to
chemical fate and environmental effects informa-
tion on selected chemicals. The database contains
a variety of information resources, published and
unpublished, such as journal articles, correspon-
dence, tables, FYI studies submitted to EPA by
industry, non-CBI Section 8(d) studies, and Sec-
tion 4 information. EEFIS contains chemical fate
and environmental effects data (1) on chemicals
identified for priority testing consideration by
the interagency testing committee; (2) on chem-
icals for which EPA's Test Rules Development
Branch has internally generated tests rules or has
received requests from other program offices to
promulgate test rules; and (3) generated as a
result of EPA's required testing under Section 4
of TSCA.
Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemical
Assessment Division
John D. Walker
(202) 475-8160
General Radiation Health
Impact Evaluation
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Radiation Exposure Assessment
Non-bibliographic
This system is used to assess health impacts
resulting from environmental radiation from
sources such as radon in surface water, drinking
water, and air. Information in the system is also
used to assess health effects of gamma radiation
levels measured by TLD dosimeters.
Office of Radiation Programs
D. Norwood
8-534-7615
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IV-6
Genetic Toxicology Division
Bioassay System (GTDMIS)
Subject: Health Effects
Type: Non-bibliographic
Content: This system contains the results of testing
various chemical compounds in numerous biological
test systems for detecting carcinogenicity or
mutagenicity. The results are entered from
in-house research (HERL-Genetic Toxicology Divi-
sion), National Cancer Institute reports, and
other published genetic toxicology literature.
Holder: Office of Health Research
Responsible
Person: Mike Waters
PTS Phone: 8-629-2537
Graphical Exposure Modeling
System (GEMS)
Subject: Environmental Pate and Transport; Populations at
Risk
Type: Non-bibliographic
Content: This database contains 12 datasets and fosters
rapid access to 11 environmental fate and trans-
port models designed to assess risks from waste
sites which are migrating through various environ-
mental media. The GEMS fate and transport models
are discussed in the next section of this chapter
The data sets include:
CHEMSET Validation. Includes information on solu-
bility, log P, boiling point, and vapor pressure
of various substances.
ECONOMIC CENSUS 1977. Contains information on
manufacturers, industry, and transportation from
1977.
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IV-7
Holder:
Telephone!
GEOCOLOGY DATABASE. Contains county level data
from selected areas on agriculture, climate,
vegetation, soils, population, water quality, and
wildlife.
GAGE. Contains stream flow rates from approxi-
mately 99,500 stations throughout the United
States.
IFDPIR. Contains facility data for approximately
28,000 dischargers, excluding POTWS.
IFDIND. Contains facility data for approximately
12,000 discharges who discharge through other
facilities, usually POTWS.
MARF 1980 Census. Contains a variety of location
identification information, population counts by
race, the numbers of families for all 50 states.
METEOROLOGICAL DATA. Contains data for 394
weather stations in the continental United
States.
POTWS. Contains 1982 survey data from 33,000
publicly owned treatment works in the United
States.
REACH. Contains stream reach information,
including cataloging unit, segment number, and
location for approximately 68,000 reaches
throughout the country.
WATER SUPPLY. Contains the number of surface
water utilities, the total population served, the
number of intake points, and the number of STORET
water quality stations associated with surface
water utilities.
Office of Toxic Substances
Exposure Evaluation Division
(202) 382-3928
Inhalation Literature
Subject: Inhalation toxicity
Type: Non-bibliographic
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Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
This microcomputer-based compilation contains
information from the open literature on inhalation
toxicity. It includes approximately 500 records
on 100 chemicals.
Health and Environmental Review Division
Ernest Falke
8-382-3430
The Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS)
Subject:
Type:
Contents
Holding
Office:
Responsible
People:
Risk characteristics of chemicals
Search system
IRIS contains results of carcinogenic bioassays,
dose-related responses, toxicity levels, reference
doses, and other parameters used to control expo-
sure. The system is organized on a chemical basis
and the user can call up a chemical by name and
review all material pertinent to it. IRIS should
be on-line in October or November of 1986, and
will contain authoritative information on about
200 compounds. Designed as an electronic loose-
leaf notebook, IRIS can be accessed through
commercial E-mail lines, and provides users with
the ability to access, copy, and print information
from the database, while data entry access is
limited to maintain the integrity of the file.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Mary Wigginton (FTS 8-382-7315) for status and
access information; Jeffrey Swartout (FTS
8-684-7811) for scientific issues and accuracy of
reference doses
Neurotoxicity Data
Subject: Neurotoxicity evaluations
Type: Bibliographic and Non-bibliographic
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IV-9
Content: The Toxic Effects Branch of OTS is developing this
microcomputer-based database of evaluated neuro-
toxicity data. This database will cover the many
chemicals reviewed by OTS for neurotoxicity under
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The
database consists of records at the chemical
level, individual article level, and at the exper-
imental observational level. The database should
be implemented by summer 1986.
Holder: Health and Environmental Review Division
Responsible
Person: Michael Cimino
PTS Phone: 8-382-3451
Oil and Hazardous Materials—
Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS)
Subject: Environment; Toxicology
Type: Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Content: A database containing data gathered from published
literature on 1,334 materials that have been des-
ignated oil or hazardous materials. Provides
technical support for dealing with potential or
actual dangers resulting from the discharge of oil
or hazardous substances. Up to 12.6 data fields,
some textual and some numeric, may be present for
each record (i.e, one material). A record
includes identification of the substance (Chemical
Abstracts Service registry number, common and
trade names, and chemical formula), physical prop-
erties, uses, toxicity, handling procedures, and
suggested methods for disposing of spilled materi-
als. Emphasis is placed on the effects of these
substances on water quality.
Updating: About 50 new entries each year.
Producer: U.S. EPA
*
On-line Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS);
Service: Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
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Oraltox
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Acute Oral Toxicity
Non-bibliographic
Oraltox contains acute oral toxicity data for
rats, wild birds, and wild mice. The data are
sorted according to CAS number, chemical name, and
the number of carbons in the chemical formula.
All of the data are from literature, with rat
toxicity data taken from the Registry of Toxic
Effects o'f Chemical Substances and bird and mice
data taken from literature by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Data for about 20,000 chemicals
are listed in Oraltox.
Office of Toxic Substances
Richard Clements
8-382-4270
OTS Chemical Directory (CHEMD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Physical-Chemical Properties
Non-bibliographic
CHEMD will provide a common storage and retrieval
capability for chemical structures for chemicals
in all OTS automated systems. It will provide
chemical structure and substructure search fea-
tures with sophisticated graphics capabilities.
Office of Toxic Substances
Pesticide Document Management
System (PDMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Pesticides
Bibliographic
The PDMS database is an on-line index to some
200,000 studies of the properties and effects of
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IV-11
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
PTS Phone:
pesticides. These are mostly unpublished docu-
ments, submitted by the pesticide industry to
support regulatory decisions by the Office of
Pesticide Programs. Microform copies of all
indexed documents are maintained in OPP offices.
The index supports searching by chemical, subject,
and a wide range of other bibliographic and non-
bibliographic attributes of each document. Due to
widespread claims of data confidentiality by their
submitters, ready access to PDMS documents is
restricted to EPA staff cleared for access to
FIFRA confidential business information.
Office of Pesticide Programs
John Carley
8-557-3240
Physiological Data
Acquisition System (PDAS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Health Effects
Non-bibliographic
The PDAS contains real-time physiological data
(e.g., pulmonary function, heart, and stress mea-
surements) from subjects who perform various tests
while enclosed in chambers exposing them to vari-
ous levels of pollutants. One of the pollutants
studied is ozone.
Office of Health Research
John O'Neil
8-629-2602
Public Health Risk
Evaluation Database (PHRED)
Subject:
Chemical, physical, and toxicological data and
health-based standards
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IV-12
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Non-bibliographic with source citations
This personal computer software package is
designed to provide chemical, physical, and toxi-
cological data and health-based standards and
criteria for over 400 chemicals that may be found
at Superfund sites. The package is intended to
accompany the Superfund Public Health Evaluation
Manual (Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response Directive 9285.4-1) which is also the
source of most of the data. More detailed infor-
mation about specific types of data in the data-
base can be found in the manual, and footnotes and
data sources are included throughout the data.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Policy
Analysis Staff
Craig Zamuda
8-382-2201
Scientific Parameters for Health
and the Environment, Retrieval,
and Estimation (SPHERE)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Biomedicine; Chemistry-Properties; Environment;
Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic
(Textual-Numeric)
Contains five files of information on health and
environmental effects of chemical substances.
Data are extracted from the published literature.
AQUATIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL DATABASE (AQUIRE).
Contains data on acute, chronic, bioaccumulative,
and sublethal effects of over 2,500 chemical sub-
stances on freshwater and marine organisms
(excluding bacteria, birds, and aquatic mammals).
DERMAL ABSORPTION DATABASE. Contains information
on the qualitative and quantitative health effects
of approximately 650 chemical substances adminis-
tered to humans and test animals via the dermal
route.
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IV-13
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
On-line
Service:
ENVIROFATE. Contains' information on the environ-
mental fate or behavior (i.e./ transport and
degradation) of chemicals released into the envi-
ronment. Chemicals selected for inclusion are
produced in quantities exceeding 1 million pounds
per year. Data, extracted from published litera-
ture/ include environmental transformation rates
(e.g./ biodegredation, oxidation, hydrolysis) and
physical and chemical properties (e.g./ water
solubility/ vapor pressure).
GENETOX. Contains mutagenicity information on
3/170 chemicals that were tested against 38
biological systems. Data are extracted from
published literature.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR HAZARDOUS ORGANICS IN WATER
(ISHOW). Contains melting point/ boiling point/
partition coefficient, acid dissociation constant,
water solubility, and vapor pressure data for more
than 5,400 chemicals.
1970-present
Periodically, as new data become available
U.S. EPA
Chemical Information System, Inc
tion Consultants, Inc. (IC1)
(CIS; Informa-
Storage and Retrieval of Water
Quality Information (STORET)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Water Quality Data
Non-bibliographic
STORET contains water quality data used by state
and EPA analysts in making water pollution control
decisions (e.g., issuing NPDES permits, establish-
ing water quality standards for toxic pollutants,
evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory pro-
grams, and assessing concentrations of toxic
pollutants). Data contained in STORET include
aquatic biological data, hydrologic data, stream
reach data, and other related information.
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IV-14
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Approximately 60 million observations of water
quality parameters measured at about 200,000 moni-
toring sites in the United States are included in
the database, along with information on how and
where the data were obtained.
Office of Water
Phillip Lindestruth
8-382-7220
Studies on Toxicity Applicable
to Risk Assessment (STARA)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible
Person:
FTS Phone:
Toxicological Data
Non-bibliographic
This system contains available quantitative
toxicological data on all EPA priority pollutants
(water quality and air lists). Data are extracted
from peer-reviewed studies which are screened for
appropriateness for human health risk estimation.
Related software procedures (WYLBUR EXEC) allow
generation of formatted tables of the original
data, tables of data in human equivalent (dose-
duration) terms, and graphs of severity versus
dose and duration.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Richard Hertzberg
8-684-7582
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17-15
MODELS
Atmospheric Fate Models
BOXMDD80
• Contains population retrieval program
• Applicable primarily to regions containing many diffuse
emission sources
• Steady-state, Gaussian distribution
• Exposure routine is included
• Available on GEMS
Reference; Hanna, 1972
Contact for access to GEMS; Loren Hall, EPA
(202) 382-3931
Climatoloqical Dispersion
Model (COM)
• Long-term seasonal or annual
• Point or area sources
• Gaussian plume model
• Simulates non-conservative pollutants
• Can simulate turbulence over urban areas
9 Outputs long-term average concentrations at user-speci-
fied receptors
• Requires stability array data
• FORTRAN V program language; has been implemented on the
UNIVAC 1110
• 22K bytes storage required
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IV-16
• Software available as part of UNAMAP package for $420
• A modified version (CDMQC) includes calibration of indi-
vidual point and area source contribution lists and of
averaging time transformations.
Documentation; Busse and Zimmerman, 1976
Software; Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield,
Virginia 22161
CRSTER
• Modified steady state Gaussian Plume algorithm.
• Estimates ground level concentrations resulting from up
to 19 colocated elevated stack emissions.
• Terrain adjustment can be made.
• Prints out the highest and second highest 1-hour, 3-hour,
and 24-hour concentrations; also gives annual mean con-
centration at 180 receptors.
Documentationt U.S. EPA, 1977.
Industrial Source Complex
• Long-term or short-term, point area, or line sources,
single or multiple sources.
• Models gravitational settling of particulates, providing
deposition.
• Release rates can be varied as a function of time.
• Not applicable to complex terrain.
• May provide overly conservative short-term maximum values
for calm wind conditions.
• Requires stability array data.
• Extensive input data required to make use of sophistica-
ted features.
• FORTRAN IV program language, has been implemented on
UNIVAC 140.
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IV-17
• Approximately 65 K bytes storage required.
• Available through GEMS.
Documentation; Bowers et al. 1979
Software; Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield,
Virginia 22161
Point Source Discharge—Concen-
tration at a Distance (PTDIS)
• Steady-state Gaussian plume model
• Point-source
• Accommodates limit to upward vertical mixing.
• Short-term
• Assumes conservative pollutant
• Produces estimates of hourly concentrations at a user-
selected downwind distance.
• Available through GEMS
• FORTRAN IV Program, applicable to wide range of compu-
ters; has been implemented on UNIVAC 1110
• Approximately 12 K bytes memory required
• Software available as part of UNIMAP package, for $420
References; Turner and Busse, 1973, General Software Cor-
poration, 1982
Software; Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia
22161
Point Source Discharge—
Maximum Concentration (PTMAX)
• Steady-state Gaussian plume model
• Point-source
• Short-term
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IV-18
• Assumes conservative pollutant
• Produces maximum hourly concentrations for each stability
and wind speed, location of maximum concentration
• Available through GEMS
• FORTRAN IV Program, applicable to wide range of
computers; has been implemented on UNIVAC 1110
• Approximately 12 K bytes memory required
•• Software available as part of UNIMAP package, for $420
References; Turner and Busse, 1973, General Software
Corporation, 1982
Software: Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia
22161
PTMTP
• Estimates the concentration from a number of point
sources at a number of arbitrarily located receptors
at/or above ground level.
• Hourly meteorological data are used.
• Hourly concentrations and averages over any averaging
time from 1 to 24 hours can be obtained.
• Downwind and crosswind distances are determined for each
source receptor pair.
Documentation; Turner and Busse, 1973
Point, Area, Line Source
Algorithm (PAL)
• A short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm.
• Estimates concentrations of stable pollutants for point,
line, and area sources.
• Valuable emission rate along line source can be
included.
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IV-19
• Intended for smaller scale analysis such as for shipping
centers, airports, and single plants.
• Hourly concentrations are estimated.
Documentation; Peterson, 1978.
RAM
• A Gaussian plume short-term multiple source air quality
algorithm.
• Estimate concentrations of stable pollutants form urban
point and area sources.
• Hourly meteorological data are used.
• Allows determination of downwind receptor locations to
ensure good area coverage with minimum number of recep-
tors.
Documentation: Turner and NovaJc, 1978.
Texas Episodic Model (TEM)
• Steady state model
• Point or area sources
• Short-term—10 minutes to 24 hours
• Produces maximum and average concentrations over time
periods selected by user.
• User can select up to 2,500 downwind receptor points,
according to an automatic or specific grid array
• Handles nonconservative pollutants
• Up to 24 meterologic scenarios can be input for a single
run.
• FORTRAN program applicable to a wide range of computer
types; has been implemented on Burroughs 6810/11
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IV-20
• Requires approximately 26 K bytes memory.
• Engineering, meteorology, atmospheric transport back-
ground useful.
Reference; Christiansen, 1976
Valley
• Short- or long-term
• Simulates plume impaction in complex terrain
• Provides screening estimates for worst-case short-term
concentrations
• Provides annual average concentrations
• 112-receptor grid
• Accommodates nonconservative pollutants
• Requires stability array data for long-term option
• Requires user-input worst-case meteorological data for
short-term screening option
• May require careful analysis of output by experienced air
quality modeler
• FORTRAN V program, applicable to wide range of computers
• Approximately 13 K bytes memory required
• Software available as part of UNAMAP series, for $420
Documentation; Burt, 1977
Software; Computer Products, NTIS, Springfield,
Virginia 22161
Channel Transport Model (CHNTRN)
• Time-varying, 1-dimensional model
• Models organic pollutants
• Second-order decay mechanisms
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IV-21
• Models rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters
• Can be coupled with a hydrodynamic model/ CHNHYD, for
estimation of flow dynamics where such data are not
available
• Requires extensive data input, and extensive set-up time
• Has not been field tested and documentation is currently
under review
• FORTRAN IV program language
• Applicable to IBM 3933 computer, and others
Reference; Yen 1982
Documentation! Dr. G.T. Yen
Environmental Sciences Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box X
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
(615) 574-7285
Chemical and Stream Quality
Model (TOXIWASP)
• Time-varying, 3-dimensional model
• Comprehensive second-order decay kinetics for organic
pollutants
• Models rivers and estuaries and it can be applied to
lakes
• Very data-intensive model
• Applicable to IBM 370 or POP 11/70
• Software in FORTRAN IV; requires 64 K byte memory
• Requires 150-300 man-hours for set-up
Documentation and Software: Robert Ambrose
Center for Water Quality
Modeling
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30612
(404) 546-3546
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IV-2 2
Chemical Transport and
Analysis Program (CTAP)
• Steady state, 3-dimensional compartmental model
• Complex computer program
• Contains comprehensive second-order decay kinetics for
organics (most models only have first-order kinetics)
• Models organic chemicals
• Suitable for freshwater, non-tidal aquatic systems
• Requires extensive data input
• Has been incorporated into EPA-OTS GEMS system
• An estimated 350 man-hours required for installation and
set-up, assuming all data are readily available
• Well documented and recommended for use over most other
models
• Available on magnetic tape for installation on mainframe
or small computers (e.g., PDP-11 or HP 3000); batch
version requires 64K bytes memory at a minimum, more for
complex modeling
• Also available in interactive version, requiring 164 K
bytes memory plus 2 K bytes for each chemical and 2.5 K
bytes for each environment
Referencet Burns et al. 1982
Documentation; ORD Publications, Center for Environmental
Research Information
U.S. EPA
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-684-7562; or
Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3585
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IV-23
DYNHYD3
• A simple 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model capable of
handling variable tidal cycles/ wind, and unsteady
inflows
• Updated from the Potomac Dynamic Estuary Model (DEM)
• Has the ability to produce an output file that can be
lilced with WASP3 (described near the end of this section)
to supply the flows and volumes to the water quality
model
• Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT
family of microcomputers and compatible systems
• Language: FORTRAN 77
• Approximate run time using sample data sets: 16 minutes
Contact; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30513
404-546-3585
Enhanced Stream Water
Quality Model (QUAL2E)
• A steady state model for conventional pollutants in
branching streams and well mixed lakes
• Includes conservative substances, temperature, coliform
bacteria, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and algae
• Widely used for waste load allocation and permitting in
the United States and other countries
• Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT
family of microcomputers and compatible systems
• Approximate run time observed using sample data sets:
1 minute
Contact; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-4585
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IV-2 4
Exposure Analysis Modeling
System (EXAMS)
• Subject: Synthetic Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems
• Simulation model
• 1-, 2-, or 3-dimensional
• Runs analyses of initial conditions, time variations/
steady state analysis
• Uses a set of fundamental process models that accept
standard chemical parameters and limnological data as
input parameters
• DAG-VAX family of computers and IBM PC compatibles
• FORTRAN 77 standard
• Available through GEMS
Contact: Dr. Lawrence Burns
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research
Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, Georgia (404) 546-3511
Hydrological Simulation
Program—Fortran (HSPF)
• Time-varying, 1-dimensional model
• Designed for year-round simulation
• Models organic pollutants
• Second-order decay mechanisms
• Models non-tidal rivers and streams and mixed lakes
• Has been used on IBM 370 series computers
• Requires extensive data input
• Most suitable to minicomputers (e.g., HP 3000, PRIME,
Harris) as model utilizes direct access input-output,
which can be costly on mainframe computers
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IV-25
• Requires 250 K bytes of overlay-type storage
Reference; Johanson et al. 1980
Software; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3585
Probabilistic Dilution Model (PPM)
• Estimates the percent of time a given concentration level
may be exceeded in receiving streams
Model estimates based on statistical distribution of
daily volume flows and on solution of mass balance dilu-
tion evaluation
• Contains averages of mean and low flows of streams in
major river basins of United States, broken down by
direct and indirect dischargers and standard industry
classification codes
• Designed for use on personal computers
Holding Office; Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person; Karen Hammerstrom
FTS Phone; 8-382-3896
Metals Exposure Analysis
Modeling System (MEXAMS)
• Steady state, 3-dimensional compartmental model
• Complex computer program
• A combination of two models (MINTEQ and EXAMS) designed
for modeling of metal loadings
• Suitable for freshwater, nontidal aquatic systems
• Complex metal dynamics requiring extensive data input
• Can be used with mainframe or small (e.g., PCP 11/70 or
HP 3000 computers)
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IV-2 6
• Interactive format
• Contains database with thermodynamic properties of seven
metals
Further information; Yasuo Onishi
Battelle, Pacific Northwest
Laboratories
Richland, Washington 99352
509-376-8302
Documentation; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3585
Michigan River Model (MICHRIV)
• Steady-state, 1-dimensional model
• Computer program written in FORTRAN
• Similar to SLSA but can model more than one reach
• Intended for metals
• Models rivers and streams
• Easy to set up and use
• Requires minimal computer programming
Reference; Delos et al. 1984
Technical Assistance
Available from; Bill Richardson
U.S. EPA
Environmental Research Labbratory-Duluth
Large Lakes Research Station
Sediment-Contaminant
Transport (SERATRA)
• Time-varying, 2-dimensional model (longitudinal and ver-
tical)
• Complex sediment transport mechanisms
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IV-2 7
• Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants
• Models rivers and lakes
• Requires extensive data input
• Computer program written in FORTRAN preprocessor language
FLECS, in batch mode
• Has been field tested and is available for use
• Requires an estimated 750 man-hours for set-up, assuming
all required data are readily available
References; Onishi and Wise 1982a
Onishi and Wise 1982b
Documentation: ORD Publications
Center for Environmental Research
Information
U.S. EPA
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
413-684-7562
Technical
Assista"nce: Robert Ambrose
U.S. EPA, Athens Env. Research Lab
Center for Water Quality Modeling
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3546
Time-Dependent, Three-
Dxmensional Transport Model
• Calculates hydrodynamic transport of conservative and
non-conservative substances in surface water bodies
• Estimates time-dependent concentrations
• User-specified options permit application to conservative
substances (e.g., chloride) and non-conservative sub-
stances (e.g., suspended solids)
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person; J.F. Paul
FTS Phone; 8-838-5087
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IV-28
Time-Dependent, Three-
Dimensional, Variable- .
Density Hydrodynamic Model
• Estimates the movement of pollutants in thermal dis-
charges in harbors, bays/ lake basis, entire lakes, estu-
aries, marine coastal areas, etc..
• Calculates velocities, temperatures, and salinity
• Results of model can be used as input to a separate
transport model
• Various user-specified versions to consider the receiving
waters in different ways (e.g., water surface treated as
a rigid lid or a free-surface, or bottom boundary condi-
tion specified as no-slip or slip)
Holding Office; Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person: J.P. Paul
FTS Phone; 8-838-5087
Toxic Organic Substance
Transport and Bioaccumulation
Model (TOXIC)
• Quasi-dynamic, 3-dimensional compartment model
• Program language is FORTRAN
• Complex biological uptake mechanisms
• Models pesticides in reservoirs and aquatic impoundments
• Only time-varying functions for loading, not flows
• Good for biological accumulation but lacking in chemical
fate mechanisms
• Applicable to IBM 370 and 750 Prime systems
• FORTRAN program in batch mode
• User support is limited; no user manual is available
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IV-29
Reference; Schnoor et al. 1981
Software; Jerry Schnoor
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Energy Engineering Division
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa 52248
319-353-7262
Transient One-Dimensional
Degradation and Migration
Model (TODAM)
• Time varying, 1-dimensional model
• Second-order decay mechanisms
• Models river and estuarine systems
• Exterior hydrodynamic model (e.g., EXPLORE) is required
to provide channel and flow characteristics to TODAM
• Requires extensive data input
• Complex FORTRAN program, written in the preprocessor
language FLECS, or in FORTRAN IV
• Applicable to VAC or PDC 11/70 computers (batch mode)
• TODAM has been applied; however documentation is cur-
rently under review; release date unknown
Reference; Onishi et al. 1982
Further Information; Yasuo Onishi
Battelle-Pacific Northwest
Laboratories and ICF Northwest
Richland, Washington 99352
509-376-8302
Water Quality Analysis
Simulation Program (WASP3)
• A generalized modeling framework for contaminant fate and
transport in surface waters
• Based on a flexible compartment modeling approach, which
allows WASP3 to be applied in one, two, or three dimen-
sions
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IV-30
• Problems that have been studied using WASP3 include bio-
chemical oxygen demand-dissolved oxygen dynamics,
nutrients and eutrophication, bacterial contamination,
and toxic chemical movement
• Can be used with subroutines selected from a library or
written by user (e.g., TOXIWASP described earlier in this
section)
• Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT
family of microcomputers and compatible systems
• Language: FORTRAN 77
Contact; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3585
Water Quality Assessment
Methodology (WQAM)
• Steady-state, 1-dimensional model
• Requires only desk-top calculations
• Provides canonical information
• Models, lakes, rivers, and estuaries
• Easy to set up and use
• No computer programming needed; requires only hand
calculator
• Recommended if time, costs, or information are
restrictive
Reference; Mills et al. 1982
Documentation; ORD Publications
U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-684-7562
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IV-31
Water Quality Modeling System
for the Great Lakes (WQMSGL)
• Consists of three subsystems that allow user to develop,
calibrate, and verify water quality models for aquatic
systems
• Developed to serve EPA's research mandates for the Great
Lakes, but applicable to any surface water system
• Can be applied to most water quality problems, consti-
tuents, and interactions
Holding Office; Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person: William Richardson
FTS Phone: 8-226-7811
Unsaturated Zone and Ground Water Fate Models
MINTEQ
• A geochemical model capable of calculating equilibrium
aqueous specification, adsorption, gas phase partition-
ing, solid phase saturation states, and precipitation-
dissolution of 11 metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thal-
lium, and zinc)
• Can solve a broad range of chemical equilibrium problems
for surface and ground waters
• Contains an extensive thermodynamic data set
t Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT
family of microcomputers and compatible systems
* Language: FORTRAN 77
• Approximate run time using sample data sets: 4 minutes
Contact; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3585
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IV-3 2
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM)
• Simulates the vertical movement of pesticides in unsatur-
ated soil within and below the plant root zone, and
extending to the water table
• Uses generally available input data that are reasonable
in spatial and temporal requirements
• Consists of hydrology and chemical transport components
that simulate runoff, erosion, plant uptake, leaching,
decay, foliar wash-off, and volatilization of a pesti-
cide.
• Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT
family of microcomputers and compatible systems
• Language: FORTRAN 77
• Approximate run time using sample data sets: 8 minutes
Contact; Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, Georgia 30613
404-546-3585
Pesticides Analytical Transport
Solution (PESTAN) or Analytic
Transient 1,2,3-Dimensional
Model (AT123D)
• Predicts pesticide and organic pollutant movement to
ground water
• Environmental and chemical data input interactively
• Available through GEMS
• Version in GEMS features an automated link with Seasonal
Soil Model (SESOIL) to allow modeling of chemicals moving
from the unsaturated zone into ground water
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person; David M. Walters
FTS Phone; 8-743-2261
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Regulator and Treatment
Zone Model (RITZ)
• Models pollutant transport by leaching and volatiliza-
tion
• Estimates biological degradation of the pollutant
• Considers the effect of an oil phase on pollutant trans-
port
Holding Office; Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person; Tom Short
FTS Phone; 8-743-2234
Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL)
• Long-term fate simulations
• Accounts for numerous hydrologic, meteorologic
characteristics of site
• Accounts for numerous transfer, transformation processes
absorption volatilization, degradation, biodegradation
• Models organics, inorganics
• " Handles up to three layers of soil types, permeabilities
• Integrated into GEMS
• 7ersatile, easy to use
• FORTRAN program language; has been implemented on IBM
370, VAX 11/780
• Produces contaminant concentration distribution in
unsaturated zone, quality of ground water runoff
Documentation; Bonazountas and Wagner, 1981
Contact for access
to GEMS system; Mr. Loren Hall
U.S. EPA, Exposure Evaluation Division
Washington, D.C.
202-382-3931
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IV-3 4
Simulated Waste Access
to Ground Water (SWAG)
• Predicts organic pollutant transport to ground water
• Three compartment analytical computer model
• Considers transformations in the soil-geological matrix
• Data is input interactively by the user
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person: David M. Walters
FTS Phone; 8-743-2261
Three-Dimensional Plumes in
Uniform Ground-Water Flow
(PLUMEZD)
• Estimates concentration distribution in a leachate plume
emanating from a point source
• Includes both linear absorption and first-order reac-
tions
Holding Office; Office of Emergency Processes and
Effects Research
Responsible Person; Carl Enfield
FTS Phone; 8-743-2334
Exposure Assessment Models
Mixture and Systemic
Toxicant Risk Model (MSRM)
• Estimates human health risk from exposure by any route
• Non-cancer risk assessment models and estimation cate-
gories
• Contains statistical methods and extrapolation models for
using available toxicological and epidemiological data
• Cancer risk models included for completeness/ but devel-
oped elsewhere
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IV-3 5
• Applicable for single chemicals and mixtures
• Estimation methods include those in EPA Risk Assessment
Guidelines for Comparison
Holding Officer Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment
Responsible Person; Richard Hertzberg
FTS Phone:8-684-7582
Radionuclide Dose Rate/Risk
(RADRISK)
• Estimates health risk due to inhalation or ingestion of
radionuclides for arbitrary exposure periods
• End result in set of values relating fatal cancers and
genetically significant radiation doses to a unit of
radionuclide intake
• A greatly revised combination of two previously existing
programs—INREM II and CAIRO
• Health risk from external expsosure also estimated by
CAIRO using dose rates from DOS FACTER
Holding Office; Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person; Christopher B. Nelson
FTS Phone; 8-557-9380
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