United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Offlca of
''arming and Management
Wasmngtan 3C
23, ^980
>EPA Summary of
1981
Budget
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FOREWORD
This document summarizes the President's 1981 Budget
for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and describes
the major resource changes and program directions which it
will put .in place. The document itself is organized into
four sections as follows:
Overview - describes the major program directions
and highlights changes from EPA's current estimates
for its operating and municipal waste treatment
facility construction programs and for the newly
proposed oil and hazardous substance liability
fund.
Operating Program Media Highlights - summarizes
the most significant directions and changes to
EPA's operating program which includes all of its
research, regulatory development, and compliance
enforcement activities as well as general agency
administration, management and support. Various
subsections highlight changes within each of the
Agency's major media programs and across media.
State and Local Grants - summarizes the President's
proposal for state and local grants included within
the media operating programs.
Construction Grants - details the President's
proposal for the municipal waste treatment facilities
construction program.
An appendix to this document contains budget tables
comparing the President's Budget with previous years' budget
authority and outlays by media and appropriation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW
Budget Summary
Operating Programs Summary
Construction Grants Summary
Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
Fund
OPERATING PROGRAM MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Solid Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Noise
Interdisciplinary
Toxic Substances
Energy
Management
STATE AMD LOCAL GRANTS
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
APPENDIX: Budget Tables
3
5
8
12
14
15
16
20
24
26
32
36
39
42
44
49
52
57
62
66
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OVERVIEW
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PRESIDENT'S BUDGET INCREASES
EPA $655 MILLION
...A 14% INCREASE
$4.7B
CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
OPERATING
BUDGET
$3.4B
$1.3B
1
$655
1980
$5.3B
$250M
$3.7B
$1.4 B
SUPERFUND
CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
OPERATING
BUDGET
1981
SUPERFUND IS DEPENDENT ON
AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION
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OVERVIEW
Budget Summary
The President's 1981 Budget recognizes the Environmental
Protection Agency's growing workload and strained resource
position relative to other federal agencies and requests an
increase of $655 million for EPA's programs. The increase
includes:
an additional $105 million for EPA's
operating programs, including state
and local grants
$300 million more for municipal waste-
water treatment facility construction
projects; and
$250 million to implement proposed
legislation for an oil and hazardous
substance liability fund ("superfund")
to finance the clean-up of oil and
hazardous substance spills and abandoned/
inactive hazardous waste dump sites.
The President's Budget also requests supplemental
authority of $26 million for EPA in 1980, $14 million for the
unabsorbed costs of the 1980 pay raise and $12 million to
strengthen and accelerate EPA's promulgation of regulations
this year under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976.
The most significant change reflected in the President's
Budget for EPA is the increase and redirection of its resources
toward abating pollution from industrial hazardous wastes and
controlling their transport, storage and disposal as required
by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) . The
President's Budget provides an increase of $47 million and 368
full-time permanent work years to support the research, analysis,
continued regulatory development, and enforcement capability which
EPA needs to implement the hazardous waste control provisions of
RCRA.
The proposed "superfund" legislation and the requested $250
million for its first year of operation complement the increases
for RCRA implementation. RCRA addresses the problems of pollution
by industrial hazardous wastes from current and future production.
The "superfund" legislation and program begins to address the
problems created by past abuses in the storage and disposal of
hazardous wastes.
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en
OUR OPERATING BUDGET WILL INCREASE BY $105 MILLION
FIVE YEAR INCREASE OF 80%
$(MILLIONS)
1.391
303
454
477
528
700
771
784
999
1,203
1,286
j+105
620
FY71 FY72 FY73 FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81
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PRESIDENT'S BUDGET INCREASES ERA'S PERSONNEL AUTHORITY
BY 222 WORKYEARS FIVE YEAR INCREASE OF 17%
(WORKYEARS)
11,237
7,198
7.835
8,200
9,203 9,203
9.550
10,150
10,224
10,698
11.015
+222 "
+ 1,687
FY71 FY72 FY73 FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81
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Operating Programs Summary
The President's 1981 Budget increases EPA's operating
programs by $105 million from the current 1980 estimates of
$1,286 million to $1,391 million. This year's increase
continues the trend of the past five years during which
the budget authority for EPA's operating programs increased
eighty percent (80%). The President's 1981 Budget also
increases EPA's full-time permanent employment authority
by 222 workyears from 11,015 in 1980 to 11,237. Over the
past five years EPA's full-time permanent employment
authority increased by 1,687 workyears or seventeen
percent (17%) .
The budget and employment authority increases for
EPA's operating programs viewed as a whole, mask a number
of large and important changes taking place within individual
media programs, as follows:
Solid Waste, Air, and Water Quality - The President's
Budget increases the solid waste program by 368 work-
years and $47 million to support the Agency's imple-
mentation of the hazardous waste provisions of the
RCRA. While the Budget provides a net increase of
222 workyears for this expansion, it also reprograms
146 workyears from the Agency's older air and water
quality media programs to meet the more urgent priority
of controlling the storage and disposal of hazardous
industrial wastes.
Pesticides and Toxic Substances - A reduction of 73
workyears assigned to research and development and
the control of chemicals used as pesticides is offset
by an increase of 86 workyears for more broadly
applicable and integrated work on generic categories
of toxic substances.
Energy and Interdisciplinary - The Budget increases
the energy media program by $6 million and reprograms
an additional $7.4 million within the media to support
synthetic fuels research. An increase of 13 work-
years within the interdisciplinary media will enable
the Agency to accelerate its permitting of energy
facilities.
State and Local Grants - The Budget increases state
and local grants by $14 million. Increases of $11
million for hazardous waste grants, $4.2 million for
groundwater protection grants, and $4.9 million for
air/Section 105 grants are offset by small decreases
to the Clean Lakes, water/Section 208, and solid
waste grant programs.
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Management and Support - The budget provides $10.3
million for an ADP procurement to meet the Agency's
needs for the next ten years and reprograms 26 work-
years to overhaul the Agency's management of data
and integrate the developing data systems for toxic
substances and hazardous wastes with existing systems
Cutting across EPA's entire operating program, the
President's Budget continues the Agency's higher priority
on enforcement activity. Of the 222 workyear increase, 160
or seventy-two percent (72%) will support enforcement
compliance work in all media programs.
The later media highlights sections of this document
describe the program directions and changes within each of
the media programs.
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PRESIDENT'S BUDGET INCREASES HAZARDOUS
WASTE PROGRAM STAFFING
OFFSET BY SEVERAL REDUCTIONS
+368 (WORKYEARS)
+17
o
+86
-55
-87
6
-9
-3
o
16
PESTICIDES R£rD REDUCTION OFFSET
BY TOXICS R&D INCREASE
-73
-------
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET INCREASES
HAZARDOUS WASTE FUNDING
... AND PROPOSES TO REFORM
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
+ 47
$(MILLIONS)
10
+ 6
+ 26
+11
+ 0.5
+0.9
+ 6
$10.3
MILLION
+ 0.3 +1
-2 -2
-0.1
AIR WTR. DKG. SOLID PEST. RAD. NOISE INT. TOXIC EN - MGMT. U
QUAL. WTR. WASTE SUB. ERGY & SUP.
SAO
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Construction Grants Summary
EPA's construction grants program provides grants
to state and local agencies for a share of the costs of
planning, designing, and constructing municipal wastewater
treatment facilities in compliance with the requirements
of the Clean Water Act. The President's 1981 Budget re-
quests $3.7 billion for the program, an increase of $300
million over the enacted 1980 appropriation.
The President's request is consistent with current
obligation trends, EPA's management plan for the program,
and the President's commitment to $45 billion for these
projects over a ten year period from 1978 to 1987. During
1979 the program recovered from the slowdown in obligations
which was due in large part to implementation of the 1977
Clean Water Act Amendments requiring the consideration of
innovative technology alternatives, cost effectiveness
studies, and management delegation. During this same
period EPA put into place a number of reforms designed to
improve the long range management and quality of the program
including construction review and oversight by the Corps
of Engineers and advanced waste treatment reviews. Net
obligations for the program increased from $2.8 billion in
1978 to $3.9 billion in 1979 and are projected at a level
of $4.5 billion for 1980.
The requested $3.7 billion level for the program in
1981 is sufficient to continue to operate the program at
planned levels in most states. However, because of the
existing state allocation formula, some states will receive
more money than they can effectively obligate while others
will not receive sufficient funds to begin construction of
urgently needed projects which are already planned and
designed. To correct this distribution problem, EPA is
developing and evaluating a number of proposals that would
target available funds to the highest priority needs and
to those states with priority projects ready for construction,
12
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ivsiu \Jirn
$300 MILLION IN 1981 - TO $3.7 BILLION
BUDGET AUTHORITY
^(BILLIONS)
$4.6
$4.2
$3.4
$4.0
$3.7
$4.4
$5.0
$4.7
FY78
FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85
PRESIDENT IS COMMITTED TO OUTYEAR
INCREASES
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Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability Fund
The President's 1981 Budget requests $250 million to
support the first year's operation of the Administration's
proposed oil and hazardous substances liability fund
legislation. The legislation consolidates existing federal
authorities for notification, response, and liability for
oil and hazardous substance releases into the environment
and establishes a comprehensive program for combating the
problems created by spills and inactive and abandoned
disposal sites.
Existing statutes are not adequate to effectively
combat the problem:
Section 311 of the Clean Water Act limits
notification, response, and liability to
spills into navigable waters for a small
number of substances
no authority provides compensation for
economic damage to personal property
no authority provides sufficient funds to
even begin the massive clean-up of spills
and abandoned and inactive disposals sites
only limited authority exists to recover
government costs for response
The proposed legislation establishes a four year,
$1.625 billion authorization for the fund, $1.3 billion of
which will be financed through fees levied on related
segments of the oil and chemical industry. The remaining
$325 million will be financed through federal appropriations
Of the $250 million proposed for the first year, $200
million will be financed through fees on industry.
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OPERATING PROGRAM MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
15
-------
Air
(Workyears)
1,927
1.974
1,887
-87
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
268.3
$ (Mil I ions)
250.5
-2.0
FY 79
Budget
Authority
" FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
16
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AIR MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The purpose of EPA's air pollution control program is
to protect the public's health and welfare from the harmful
effects of air pollution and to ensure that existing clean
air areas are protected from significant deterioration.
The Clean Air Act mandates several approaches that EPA must
follow to achieve its purposes, the most important of
which is the setting of national ambient air quality stan-
dards. The Act also requires each State to formulate an
implementation plan that outlines how it plans to meet
these standards. The 1977 amendments to the Clean Air Act
prescribe new attainment dates for areas violating the
national ambient air quality standards and require each
State to submit a revised plan to assure attainment as
soon as practicable, but not later than December, 1982
with extensions until 1987 for certain cases involving
attainment of ozone and carbon monoxide standards.
EPA's major efforts in 1980 are directed toward
remedying deficiences in State Implementation Plans sub-
mitted during 1979, and monitoring the progress of the
States in meeting the schedules outlined in their plans.
EPA is placing particular emphasis on those areas requiring
mandatory inspection and maintenance and transportation
control measures to ensure that these measures are imple-
mented. In addition, the Agency will carry out several
other major activities in 1980 to achieve the goals of the
Act; including:
reviewing and approving most of the required
state plans for the prevention of significant
deterioration,
promulgating additional new source performance
standards,
reviewing and revising national ambient air
quality standards, and
expanding quality assurance for ambient air
quality monitoring.
During 1980 EPA's research into the health effects of
air pollution will concentrate on assessing actual human
exposure. In the enforcement area, EPA will continue its
major source enforcement drive against major stationary
source violators of the Clean Air Act. In addition, the
Agency will initiate a comprehensive mobile source enforce-
ment effort to enforce fuel switching and anti-tampering
provisions. Also in the enforcement area, the Agency plans
to promulgate regulations for assessing administrative
penalties for noncompliance.
17
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EPA's 1981 air program, will focus on those areas of
the country that need extensions of the air standards
attainment date until 1987 and which, therefore, will
require approved implementation plans in 1982.
Overall, the President's Budget decreases the air
program by $2.0 million. In 1980, however, the program
received $9.1 million to support non-recurring work on new
source performance emission standards for major stationary
sources. Discounting this one-time investment, resources
for the air program's continuing operations increase by
$7.1 million.
The highlights of the President's Budget changes to
the air program are as follows:
Increased Emphasis on Mobile Source In Use
Compliance - EPA is concerned about the
potential for widespread deterioration of
automative pollution control equipment due
to tampering and the use of unleaded fuel,
and will place major emphasis on enforcing
the anti-fuel switching and anti-tampering
provisions of the Clean Air Act. Additional
EPA resources for this effort include 5
permanent workyears and $600,000.
Increased Support for State and Local
Governments - The President's Budget increases
financial support to state and local control
agencies by $4.9 million, $2 million of which
will support expanded state enforcement
against fuel switching and the remainder
will assist states in meeting the Clean
Air Act's requirements.
Increased Fuel Economy Testing - The
President's Budget includes an increase of
$712,000 and 12 workyears for increased
confirmatory testing for fuel economy,
reflecting the high priority of energy
conservation.
Less .Resources Needed for Regional Oversight -
Regional resources for air management will
decrease by $443,000 and 29 permanent
workyears in 1981 as more States assume
responsibility for the prevention of
significant deterioration program.
Mobile Source Regulation Decreases - In
1981, the EPA will shift its efforts to the
states on inspection and maintenance programs
from developing state authorizing legislation
-------
to providing technical assistance in program
development and implementation. Mobile
source standard setting will decrease by 23
workyears as EPA completes promulgation of
most of the standards mandated by the Clean
Air Act.
Increased Research on Health Effects - The
air research program increases by $2.4
million for research on the health effects
of both criteria and noncriteria pollutants.
Continued Emphasis on Quality Assurance -
EPA will continue to expand its quality
assurance program for ambient air quality
monitoring in 1981.
Major Stationary Source Enforcement - EPA
will continue its major source enforcement
effort in 1981. This effort concentrates
the Agency's stationary source enforcement
efforts on those sources who have never
come into compliance and who have not
shown plans to comply with the requirements
of the Clean Air Act. In addition, EPA
expects to begin assessing administrative
noncompliance penalties under section 120
of the Clean Air Act in FY 1981. These
penalties provide a disincentive for sources
to continue to pollute by requiring them
to pay fines equal to the savings that
they incur by their failure to install
pollution control equipment.
Increased Emphasis on Visibility - In 1981,
EPA will expand its efforts in the areas of
visibility protection. In addition to
promulgating regulations to remedy visibility
impairment from existing western power
plants, EPA will conduct analyses, and if
necessary, propose standards for fine
particulates and sulfates.
Regulatory Reform - As a part of its
regulatory reform efforts, EPA will encourage
states and industry to adopt the "bubble"
concept (treating facilities which have
multiple sources of air pollution as a
single source) in determining allowable
emissions from stationary sources.
19
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Water Quality
(Workyears)
3,123
£
/
$ (Mil I ions)
-
^
FY 79
ludget
\uthority
332.3
s*
FY 79
Budget
Author! t;
i
j
I
/
3,088
1
i
i
I
3,033 .1,
V
H ri
FY 80 FY 81
Estimate Request
337.4 . 335.1
>>
^\ y=
FY 80 FY 81
Estimate Request
-55
20
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WATER QUALITY MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 reaffirmed the
original legislation's goal of restoring and maintaining
"the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the
Nation's waters." While the amendments preserved the basic
structure of the original legislation, they placed a new
or increased emphasis on the control of toxic water pollu-
tants under the various programs authorized by the Act and
clarified EPA's role with the States and other federal
agencies. Specifically, the amendments:
mandated EPA to develop and enforce tech-
nology based effluent limitations for the
control of industrial and municipal sources;
increased EPA's responsibilities for the
prevention and control of hazardous sub-
stance spills into navigable waters; and
required EPA to develop guidelines and
criteria for state delegated dredge
and fill permit programs to approve and
monitor state permitting plans, and to
enforce against unpermitted dredge and
fill operations.
During 1980 EPA is continuing to carryout these
provisions in the following areas:
Toxic Effluent Limitations - EPA will propose
best available technology economically achiev-
able (BATEA) toxic guidelines for up to 25 of
the required 34 primary industries. The Agency
will also publish water quality criteria for
65 classes of toxic pollutants. These criteria
will then be used by States to form the basis
for ambient water quality standards. EPA will
continue the development of the basic pretreat-
ment program by establishing compliance schedules
for municipal permittees and by reviewing and
approving municipal pretreatment programs and
requests by delegated states for state pretreatment
program approval.
Hazardous Substance Spills - EPA will expand its
spill prevention and emergency response program
into the hazardous substances area following the
1979 promulgation of revised regulations designating
hazardous substances and reportable quantities
under section 311. This is an important component
of EPA's the overall program to control the release
of hazardous substances to the environment.
21
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Dredge and Fill - The dredge and fill program
will establish a capability to provide support
for enforcement against unpermitted dumping
activities and for review of questionable permits
for possible veto, promulgate state program
regulations and environmental guidelines, and
develop strategies and policies for delegating
dredge and fill permitting to the States.
In addition during 1980 EPA will initiate negotiations
with 57 states and territories for State/EPA agreements
integrating the planning of environmental programs to insure
that the most critical national priorities and local problems
are addressed and funded by EPA's grant programs.
The President's 1981 Budget decreases the water quality media
program by 56 workyears and $2.3 million. The net decrease
to the program masks a number of iniatives to further
implementation of the 1977 Amendments:
dredge and fill - increases by 11 workyears
and$1 million to improve the quality of
permits for dredge and fill activities in
the Nation's ecologically sensitive wet
lands
pretreatment - increase of $2.9 million in
contract funds to support continued develop-
ment and implementation of the pretreatment
program which controls indirect toxic
pollutant discharges to publicly owned
" treatment works
effluent standards and guidelines - increase
of $1.5 million to develop economic analyses
and engineering surveys of synthetic fuel
industries leading to evaluation of pollution
control 'regulatory options under consideration
301 (h) - resources were directed to process
requests for secondary treatment waivers from
municipalities discharging effluents into
marine waters. These waivers have the potential
for saving municipalities significant amounts
of money by not requiring construction of
expensive secondary treatment plants
environmental emergency response program -
an increase of three positions to expand
EPA's capability to provide on site technical
support under Section 311 of the Clean Water
Act for discharges of hazardous substances.
22
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Reprogrammings within the media supported many of
the above increases. The following decrease were reduced
in the President's FY81 Budget:
marine ecological effects - a decrease of
4 workyears and $340 thousand to this
research program will reduce research on
the impact of toxic materials on the marine
environment
renewable resources - a decrease of 14
workyears and $2.6 million will result in
a decrease in the research supporting
evaluation and analysis of best management
practice alternatives for agricultural
activities contributing to non-point
source pollution
water quality management planning/208 grants
a decrease of $3.5 million eliminates con-
struction-related projects.
23
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Drinking Water
(Workyears)
529
521
538
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY81
Request
S (Millions)
70.3
H 79
Budget
Authority
76.7
FY 80
Estimate
86.9 /\ +10.2
FY 81
Request
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DRINKING WATER MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
State and local governments have the primary responsi-
bility for ensuring the safety of drinking water. Through
the Safe Drinking Water Act, Congress has defined the federal
role as one of setting national standards and providing
technical and financial assistance to state and local efforts.
Specifically the Act authorizes EPA: 1) to promulgate pri-
mary and secondary drinking water regulations specifying
maximum permisable contaminant levels; 2) to develop public
water systems supervision programs to assure compliance with
regulations; 3) to establish programs to protect underground
drinking water sources from contamination by well injection;
4) to provide federal protection of aquifers identified as
sole or principal sources of drinking water; and 5) to
provide emergency assistance.
During 1980 EPA is directing its efforts primarily
toward developing revised primary drinking water regulations
and assisting 41 states in the development of approvable
programs to protect underground sources. The Agency will
also establish a program to control direct and indirect
additives to drinking water and continue research on the
health effects of organic, inorganic and microbiological
contaminants.
The President's 1981 Budget increases the drinking water
media program by 17 workyears and $10.2 million. The increases
include:
$5.4 million for state and local assistance
- $4.2 million to support state underground
injection control programs
$1.2 million to support rural water
associations
$4.7 million and 10 workyears to support the
development of cost effective technology for
small drinking water systems (serving popula-
tions of less than 10,000 people) comprising
as much as ninety percent (90%) of all drink-
ing water systems and research on the affects
of drinking water contaminants on human repro-
duction and early development.
Increases for the above activities are offset by slight
decreases to the program's resources for regulatory develop-
ment and federal enforcement activities.
25
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Solid Waste
(Workyears)
292
FY 79
Budget
Authority
774
406
1 I
+368
^\
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
$ (Mil I ions)
73.9
FY 79
Budget
Authority
147.5
100.1
+47.4
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
26
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SOLID WASTE MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The goals of the solid waste program are to insure that
hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes are disposed of in
environmentally sound ways and to conserve natural resources
through the recovery of wastes. The Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) provides the mandate and
authority for accomplishing these goals. EPA's strategy for
addressing these goals is two fold: implementation of a
regulatory program for controlling hazardous wastes and
managing non-hazardous waste, through Subtitle C and D of RCRA;
and implementation of the interim uncontrolled hazardous
waste site program established in 1979 to address the problem
of abandoned, inactive or potentially inactive sites not
specifically regulated under RCRA. These uncontrolled waste
site activities will be absorbed, expanded and supported by
the Superfund, once authorizing legislation is passed.
Several major accomplishments in 1980 will move RCRA
from planning and development toward implementation and
support the Agency's interim hazardous waste program. EPA
will promulgate regulations in February and April under
Subtitle C of RCRA that set forth standards, criteria, and
procedures to regulate hazardous wastes. The Agency will
continue to develop knowledge of industrial waste streams
and hazardous waste treatment and disposal technology to be
incorporated into regulations. EPA will also continue to
identify, investigate and take enforcement actions against
the most serious uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and
respond if allowable under Section 311 of the Clean Water
Act. Finally, EPA will emphasize completion of the solid
waste disposal site inventory under Subtitle D of RCRA.
Highlights of the President's Budget's changes to the
solid waste program for 1981 are as follows.
Field implementation for hazardous waste
management increases 146 permanent workyears
and $9.6 million to support implementation
of the hazardous waste (Subtitle C) section
of RCRA and to oversee the 37 states ex-
pected to achieve equivalency with federal
standards. Initial implementation efforts
will emphasize assisting states to assume
interim authorization for hazardous waste
management programs. EPA and authorized
states will also inaugurate a six year pro-
gram to issue permits for an estimated 30,000
hazardous waste treatment, storage and dis-
posal facilities nationwide and to implement
27
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the notification and manifest systems esta-
blished to control the generation, transport,
and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Resources for field implementation of Sub-
title D decrease 6 workyears to a total of
35. This decrease, along with EPA's phase
out of federal financial assistance under
Subtitle D of RCRA, reflects the Agency's
strategy to move the states towards self-
supporting programs for non-hazardous waste
disposal and recovery.
Financial assistance to states for hazardous
waste management increases by $11.4 million
to $30.0 million in 1981. These funds will
aid the states in developing and implementing
hazardous waste management programs to control
hazardous waste generation, transportation,
treatment, storage, and disposal.
Financial assistance to states for solid
waste management decreases by $2.0 million
to $8.0 million in 1981. This decrease is
the second year of the planned five-year
phase out of Subtitle D grant funding as
state programs mature.
The uncontrolled hazardous waste site program
increases by 2 permanent workyears and $1.2
million to respond to uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. This increase is primarily for
special equipment for emergency response and
investigative work by field offices.
The solid waste enforcement program increases
by 155 workyears and $5.5 million to provide
increased capability to ensure that all
applicable facilities comply with standards
established under RCRA, to regulate through
permitting and enforcement actions, the
transportation treatment, storage and dis-
posal of solid and hazardous waste, and to
respond to uncontrolled sites posing and
imminent and substantive danger to health and
the environment.
Resources for solid waste research increase
by 46 permanent workyears and $12.2 million
in 1981 to support:
28
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an intensive effort to establish techniques
that will provide a sound scientific and
legal basis for data required by the RCRA
regulations and the uncontrolled hazardous
waste site program;
remedial research and field testing of
technologies available for abating pollu-
tion problems at uncontrolled waste sites;
research to support RCRA regulation devel-
opment for land fill, land treatment and
thermal destruction; and
chemical, epidemiological, toxicological,
and clinical tests to determine the health
risks from hazardous waste sites.
29
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IN THE PAST FOUR YEARS, HAZARDOUS WASTE HAS
INCREASED BY 579 WORK YEARS AND $104 MILLION
.. .WITH TEMPORARY WORK YEARS INCLUDED,
HAZARDOUS WASTE HAS GROWN 519% IN THOSE FOUR
YEARS
(WORK YEAR)
355
199
139 '///////.
112 1 147
'///////,
301
HH
691
t
i
+ 579
i
4-721
I
FY78
FY79
FYBO
FY81
119.4
$(MIUJON)
70.6*
31.0
15.3
+ 104
J
FY78
FY79
FY80
FY81
INCLUDES $12 MILLION SUPPLE MENTAL
3D
-------
27% OF HAZARDOUS WASTE WORKYEARS
ARE FOR REGULATION DEVELOPMENT
. . 73% ARE FOR FIELD IMPLEMENTATION
(WORKYEARS)
691
503
188
TOTAL REG. IMPLM.
HAZ. WST. DEVOLP.
41% OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DOI
ARE FOR REGULATION DEVELOPMENT
59% ARE FOR FIELD IMPLEMENTATION
^(MILLIONS)
119.4 70.2
49.2
TOTAL REG. IMPLM.
HAZ. WST. DEVELP.
-------
Pesticides
1001
-1
E
/
ons)
j
£
;
^^
FY 79
udget
Authority
68.2
H
FY 79
ludget
Authority
|
987
^
FY 80
Estimate
68.2
^
FY 80
Estimate
~" 1
1
j
i
t
i
i
914 .!.
1
FY 81
Request
74.0
i
i
i
I
i
t
^ t
^
FY 81
Request
(Workyears)
-73
+5.8
32
-------
PESTICIDES MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The objective of EPA's pesticide program is to protect
the public health and the environment from unreasonable
pesticide risks while allowing the introduction of necessary
pest control technologies. The Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended by the Federal
Pesticide Act of 1978, authorizes: 1) review of existing
and new pesticide products, which provides the principal
means of safeguarding public health? 2) pesticide use man-
agement, where pesticides are classified, based upon their
potential harm through misuse, for either restricted or
general use; 3) enforcement of pesticide supply and use,
with emphasis on Federal/State cooperation; and 4) research
and development, which evaluates overall human health and
environmental hazards from pesticides.
The Federal Pesticide Act of 1978 streamlined the
product review process, allowing the Agency to increase and
improve its regulatory decision making options. Major
changes approved in the review and registration approach
include generic pesticide registration, which entails a
single comprehensive evaluation of risks and benefits of
the active ingredient chemicals common to numerous pro-
ducts; conditional registration; and the elimination of
legal obstacles hindering the registration process and
blocking entry of new products to the market.
In addition to the development and implementation of
the generic pesticides registration program, several other
major events are occurring in 1980 that contribute to the
Agency's mission. EPA, through the rebuttable presumption
against registration process, is expected to reach substan-
tive decisions on up to 15 chemicals and to begin review on
an additional 10-15 chemicals. This RPAR process, in which
suspect chemicals are subjected to focused risk/benefit
assessment and alternative chemical comparisons, will
be merged in the latter part of 1980 with the generic
registration system. The Agency will shift emphasis from
health and ecological effects to exposure assessment, in
order to refect the priorities of the regulatory program.
The program will continue to establish pesticide resi-
due tolerances on food and fuel commodities, conduct the
applicator certification and training program through coop-
erative grants with state agencies, develop occupational
exposure data to pesticides, and enforce the provisions of
FIFRA and the Federal Pesticide Act of 1978.
33
-------
Highlights of the changes from 1980 to the President's
1981 Budget for pesticides are summarized below:
$4 million is provided on a one tine basis to
dispose of 37 tons of Silvex and 1-2 million
gallons of Silvex materials in accordance
with Section 15 of FIFRA. These materials are
Silvex products stored since EPA's suspension
of sales of some Silvex products for some spec-
ified uses. Silvex materials must be disposed
of by the Agency under terms of the statute.
An increase of $2.3 million for the rebuttable
presumption against registration review process
will provide additional exposure analysis, ben-
efit analysis, and other analysis associated
with risk/benefit assessments of suspect chemi-
cals.
Resources for developing and completing generic
standards increase $4.9 million in 1981; how-
ever, this net increase includes a reduction of
15 workyears, which reflects a programmatic
shift from in-house resources to extramural
contracts. These resources will permit the
completion of 20-40 standards started in 1979
and 1980 and the initiation of an additional
25-40 standards in 1981.
Grant assistance to state certification and
training programs will be maintained, thereby
assuring continuation of the restricted use
classification approach. This approach is
essential to maintaining high agricultural
productivity while protecting applicators,
farm workers, and consumers against dangerous
chemicals. Responsibility for conducting
these programs has shifted within EPA from
the regulatory program to the enforcement
program.
Conditional registration of pesticide pro-
ducts containing currently registered active
ingredients will be used extensively in 1981,
until pesticide generic standards are devel-
oped and while data gaps identified under the
standards program are filled by industry.
-------
The pesticides health and ecological effects
research and development programs are reduced
48 workyears and $3.35 million, allowing for
increased support in environmental exposure
assessment and in the registration and RPAR
programs. Part of this decrease is offset by
applicable research performed under the toxic
substances health research program.
35
-------
Radiation
(Workyears)
205
215
215
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Reques
$ (Millions)
10.1
FY 79
Budget
Authority
17.'
17.8
/\ +.5
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
36
-------
RADIATION MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The radiation program's major emphasis is to minimize
the exposure of persons to ionizing radiation, whether from
naturally occurring sources, from medical or industrial
applications, or nuclear power sources. While some exposure
to radiation is inevitable, EPA takes the position that no
avoidable risk attributable to such exposure should occur to
individuals or to the environment without offsetting benefits.
EPA pursues this protective goal through three interdependent
sets of activities:
development of criteria, standards and guides
assessment of the environmental impact of
other Federal agency projects and programs
surveillance of radiation levels in the en-
vironment.
EPA's authority to protect the public health and envi-
ronment from adverse effects of radiation exposure derives
from several legislative mandates. Included in these legis-
lative mandates are 1) the Atomic Energy Act, 2) the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1977, 3) the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), 4) the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation
Control Act (UMTRCA), 5) the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, 6) the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act,
7) the Safe Drinking Water Act, 8) the Public Health Service
Act, and 9) the National Environmental Policy Act.
In 1980 the program will accord highest priority to
those activities mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1977 and
those associated with radioactive waste management. This
effort will include the proposal of a standard for disposal
of high level radioactive wastes. The Agency's physical
response capabilities for radiation emergencies will be
strengthened as well as its monitoring role in such instances.
Field staffs will stress technical support to the states in
the development and testing of state emergency response plans.
The Radiation Policy Council, established in October, 1979
by the President will be chaired by the EPA Administrator,
and provided staff support by EPA's radiation program. The
radiation research and development program will stress the
identification and evaluation of health effects of chronic
low level human exposure to non-ionizing radiation.
The president's 1981 Budget increases EPA's radiation
program by $520,000 from 1980 to 1981. Highlights of the
1981 program are as follows:
37
-------
The focus of the Clean Air Act regulatory
efforts will broaden to a wider variety of
sources and an analysis of the control tech-
nology for the sources will be made. One
Clean Air Act standard will be promulgated
and two proposed.
Final action will be taken on standards for
high level radioactive waste disposal.
Guidance activities will include final ac-
tion on non-ionizing radiation, general
occupation exposure, and protection action
guides for accidental airborne release.
A program for measuring radon in drinking
water will be conducted. This program is
an outgrowth of a 1980 pilot study.
Staff support to the Radiation Policy Coun-
cil will continue.
Research which addresses the chronic effects
of low-level non-ionizing radiation will
continue.
EPA will continue a program, begun in 1980,
to provide calibration facilities, equip-
ment, expertise, guidelines, training, and
performance evaluations needed by the pro-
gram offices and states. In addition, this
program will document and improve the pre-
cision, accuracy, and intercomparability of
radiation measurements, and supply quality
control samples and reference materials
containing radionuclides.
-------
Noise
(Workyears)
98
105
99
-6
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
(Mil I ions)
10.9
13.1
12.9
-.2
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
39
-------
NOISE MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
EPA's noise program's goal is to achieve an environment
free from noise which jeopardizes the public health and wel-
fare. The Noise Control Act of 1972, as amended by the Quiet
Communities Act of 1978, gives EPA the authority to achieve
this goal through setting noise emission standards, providing
financial and technical assistance to state and local juris-
dictions, and coordinating federal noise-related research and
control activities.
In 1980, the program will promulgate six regulations for
the control of surface transportation noise, including emis-
sion regulations for motorcycles and buses. In addition, the
Agency will set standards for low noise emission products and
will complete six noise source studies. Work will continue on
the quiet truck, internal combustion engine, and tire techno-
logy demonstration studies. In the noise research area, the
program will provide funds to complete three auditory/non-
auditory health effects studies and to continue work on five
others. Finally, the Agency will expand its investigation of
noise health effects, particularly non-auditory effects.
The President's 1981 Budget continues the noise program
at an operating level equivalent to that of 1980. The
following are the highlights of the 1981 program:
Regulation development work will continue to
concentrate on surface transportation and
construction-type equipment.
The regulation of property line standards for
interstate rail carriers will be promulgated.
Enforcement of Section 6, new product noise
standards, and Section 8, informational label-
ing requirements applicable to new products,
will continue.
In the health effects research area, the
Agency will place additional emphasis on
non-auditory health effects research.
Sixteen states are expected to have assumed
responsibility for running the Each Community
Helps Others (ECHO) program.
General public information and education
programs, and training of state and local
noise control officials, will begin.
-------
The national noise assessment begun in 1980
will continue.
A manual on vehicle noise enforcement, begun
in 1980, will be completed.
Special emphasis will be placed on the devel-
opment of information and potential recommen-
dations to the FAA of more stringent standards
for new design aircraft and on airport planning
and compatible land use.
-------
Interdisciplinary
267
(Workyears)
.
=#=
259
t
1
FY 79
Budget
Authority
ons)
23.6
^
T
^=
_ _ _ .
[
FY 80
Estimate
26.3
-
[**~
250-
sS-^-s
^^-
1
^.-
FY 81
Request
27.2
^x~v
^
_i
]
FY 79 FY 80 FY 81
Budget
Authority Estimate Request
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The interdisciplinary media is composed of programs
which cut across media lines. Those programs serve to
integrate the Agency's research and regulatory functions
and to ensure that control measures applied to one media do
not adversely affect others. EPA employs this intermedia
approach in several research and development programs where
the problems, tools, and results are multidisciplinary in
nature. The Agency's programs of anticipatory research,
scientific assessment of health and environmental hazards,
technical information, and environmental workforce develop-
ment are included in the interdisciplinary media. This
concept is also applied to those areas of the environmental
impact statement and permitting programs in which the identi-
fication of impacts in all areas is important.
In 1980, EPA will begin several new research activities
and implement a new program to handle the Agency's research
information. The anticipatory research program will esta-
blish four new exploratory research centers to supplement
the Agency's long-range research capabilities. The innova-
tive research program will fund four new projects, including
an effort to develop an innovative means for complete reuse
of paper industry process water.
The President's 1981 budget provides 250 workyears and
$27.2 million for the interdisciplinary program, the high-
lights of which are as follows:
The budget provides 13 workyears and $.8
million to establish a program of accelerated
energy facilities review and permitting.
These workyears will be used for environmen-
tal impact statement preparation and review.
The budget shifts 20 workyears from the
anticipatory research program to toxic sub-
stances research but provides sufficient
funds for EPA to continue some fresh water
fate, marine science and cancer research
activities on an extramural basis.
An increase of $116,000 authorizes additional
reproductive effects assessment work.
The budget continues EPA's preparation and
review of environmental impact statements
for all major federal actions having signif-
icant environmental impacts.
-------
Toxic Substances
(Workyears)
556
657
r"
743
+86
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
$ (Millions)
55.4
FY 79
Budget
Authority
94.6
' FY 80
Estimate
106.0
A +11-4
i
_J
FY 81
Request
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) establishes a
program to ensure that adequate data are developed to deter-
mine the health and environmental effects of chemical sub-
stances and mixtures and regulate those chemicals which
present an unreasonable risk.
The Act enables EPA to require the testing of new and
existing chemicals that might present an unreasonable risk
to human health or the environment. It also requires manu-
facturers of new chemicals or existing chemicals with
significant new uses to notify EPA 90 days before beginning
commercial production. This will enable EPA to evaluate
any risks the chemical may pose. In support of this program,
TSCA also authorizes EPA to undertake needed research and
development activities, as well as activities designed to
ensure compliance with regulatory restrictions applied to
the manufacture processing, distribution, use, and disposal
of chemicals.
The President's 1981 Budget includes an increase of
$11.4 million and 86 workyears for the toxic substances
media program. Of the total increase, $1.2 million and 16
workyears are for the regulatory development component of
this program. This part of the increase will provide for
full operation of the toxic substances program, including
a balanced emphasis on regulation of new and existing
chemicals based upon the information base established in
1979 and 1980. EPA will continue to place high priority
on full operation of the premanufacture review program at
an improved level. Development of additional control
actions for existing chemicals will receive high priority.
Nonregulatory approaches, such as information dissemination
and informal discussion, will be used when appropriate to
provide protection from potential risks. There will be
continued development of test rules and information require-
ments to obtain data to support assessment and regulation.
The program will rely extensively on other programs and
agencies to take action when appropriate and to establish
coordinated approaches to problems, as TSCA requires.
The enforcement component of the program increases by
13 workyears and $1.3 million in line with the increase in
the number of enforceable rules promulgated under the Act.
In 1981, the toxic substances enforcement program again
will have as its first priority the initiation of enforce-
ment actions in emergencies involving substantial threats
to public health, safety, or the environment. The increase
also includes a $1.0 million program of pilot cooperative
enforcement grants with selected states.
-------
The research and development component of the program
increases by 57 workyears and $8.9 million. The program
will focus on developing improved rapid, reliable, and cost-
effective techniques to be used for predicting transport,
transformation, exposure concentration and adverse effects
on human health and the environment resulting from exposure
to toxic substances. With the increase, EPA will accelerate
the development of research techniques for screening toxic
substances. Further research will be done in predicting,
measuring, and determining the significance of exposure to
commercial chemicals, with the ultimate goal of preventing
or reducing adverse human health effects.
EPA research will provide techniques for evaluating
the environmental hazards of toxic substances through
support in testing, premanufacture notification, data
systems. It will also focuse on developing advanced, cost-
effective methodologies for defining the transport, trans-
formation and bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals in the
food chain system. These methodologies in turn will result
in testing protocols for toxic substances and procedures
for estimating toxic exposure concentrations as needed to
implement Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA. Work will continue on
validation of models for exposure assessment, standardiza-
tion of testing protocols and development of predictive
techniques for screening toxic chemicals.
Research will be conducted to develop measurement
methods for identification and quantification of trace
level toxic substances in the environment. Present mea-
surement techniques for toxics in the environment are not
adequate. Also, research will be expanded to develop
methods for measuring toxic chemicals in sediments, marine
plants, and the air. These methods are needed in measuring
exposure concentration, monitoring chemicals, designing
control techniques and in enforcing regulations.
The Highlights of the FY 1981 toxic substances pro-
gram are summarized include:
An increase of $1.1 million and 29 workyears
to allow expanded development of testing
requirements and conduct of risk assessments
to provide an adequate information base
needed for present and future testing
standards, regulation development and risk
assessments.
An increase of $0.5 million and 8 workyears
to make the premanufacture review program/
significant new use review fully operational
-------
An increase of $0.2 million and 13 work-
years to support enforcement of new TSCA
regulations anticipated in 1981.
An increase of $1.0 million for the establish-
ment of a pilot state cooperative grant
program.
An increase of 57 workyears and $9.0 million
to provide scientific data, evaluation and
laboratory work on the effects, exposure
and test methods in support of the develop-
ment of test standards and the conduct of
risk assessments.
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES WILL STABILIZE AFTER
RVE YEARS OF GROWTH
WORKYEARS INCREASED 170% AND DOLLARS
INCREASED TEN FOLD OVER THOSE RVE YEARS
(WORKYEARS)
9"7K
A/O
317
556
657
743 "I
-86
i
t -
468
FY77
FY78 FY79
FY80
FY81
8.3
22.8
___
$(M
IILLIONS)
52.4
94.6
106.0
+ 11.'
t<
+ 97.7
FY77
FY78 FY79
FY80
FY81
-------
E nergy
(Workyears)
153
V
-3
FY 79
Budget
Authority
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
$ (Mi I lions)
112.8
FY 79
Budget
Authority
101.4
107.6
A +6-2
i
i
t
i
i
FY 80
Estimate
FY 81
Request
-------
ENERGY MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
EPA's energy research and development program is part
of a national effort to increase domestic energy production.
Virtually every EPA office is involved in a coordinated
effort to ensure that energy development proceeds without
delay and without sacrificing environmental quality. The
effort is divided into two segments. The control technology
program provides environmental control options for energy
production and use practices which cause significant health
or environmental damage. The health and environmental
effects program conducts research on the behavior and effects
of energy-related pollutants in the environment. Information
gained through this research provides the data base necessary
for the Agency to establish regulations encouraging the use
of environmentally acceptable practices in the production
and use of domestic energy resources.
EPA has already accelerated its research on the envi-
ronmental effects of new energy technologies. The Agency
will conduct environmental assessments and control tech-
nology evaluations of coal gasification and liquefaction,
and oil shale processing. Characterizatiw and environmental
assessment of pollutants from conventional energy processes
will continue. The low nitrogen oxide coal burner will be
demonstrated on an industrial boiler.
The President's 1981 Budget provides an increase of
$6.2 million for the energy media program. $5.7 million
of the increase will support additional research on synthetic
fuels. The Agency intends to publish guidance documents on
oil shale processing, direct and indirect coal liquefaction
and fluidized bed combustion for use by industry and per-
mitting officials until appropriate standards are promul-
gated.
An increase of $1.6 million will be devoted
to the development of dry sulfur dioxide
control systems. This funding will be
used to gather performance and economic
data from commercial spray dryer sulfur
dioxide control systems and to demonstrate
the effectiveness of adipic acid as an
additive to increase limestone flue gas
desulfurization reliability.
An increase of $1.2 million will fund a new
program of exposure monitoring to correlate
fixed station monitoring data and actual
human exposure to energy-related pollutants.
50
-------
These increases are offset by $2.5 million in decreases
within the program as follows:
A reduction of $1 million in the nitrogen
oxide control program will eliminate funding
for several demonstration projects.
The environmental assessment program de-
creases by $1.5 million. This reduction re-
flects an Agency decision to eliminate some
biological and chemical testing from environ-
mental assessments, and to reduce air modell-
ing work related to coal combustion and coal
supply.
51
-------
Management & Support
(Workyears)
2,575
2,486
.H
FY 79
Budget
Authority
ons)
174.3
(_XZ^J
FY 79
Budget
Authority
=^=
FY 80
Estimate
197.9
k
FY 80
Estimate
\
|
2,559
^^
FY 81
Request
223. S
;
^^
FY 81
Request
V
]
i
I
1
|
+25.6
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The management and support program provides the execu-
tive direction for all EPA programs, management activities,
and those management and support services not associated
directly with a particular programmatic activity.
Policy activities include overall policy development,
direction, and legal services. Program management includes
policy direction and management control of the Agency's
major regulatory, enforcement compliance, and research and
development programs. Management service activities are
centralized administrative functions necessary for agency-
wide operations and include planning and evaluation,
resources and financial management analyses, procurement,
personnel management, and other administrative services.
Support services encompass the costs of common services
for office and laboratory services, utilities, building
operations, communications, rent and centralized ADP ser-
vice. Buildings and facilities include the design and
construction of new EPA-owned facilities and repairs and
improvements to existing facilities. The scope of these
agencywide management and support activities is determined
by the programs they serve.
The FY 1980 management and support program places
emphasis on headquarters and regional analytical activities,
improving administrative services to accommodate program
expansion, consolidating management of information systems,
and upgrading EPA-owned facilities.
The President's 1981 Budget increases the resources
for the management and support program, including build-
ings and facilities, by $25.6 million. The changes pro-
posed for FY 1981 support the continuation and strengthening
of the efforts cited above and are highlighted below.
Policy Direction, decreasing by 26 workyears,
reflects several adjustments. Inspector
General and Administrative Law Judges re-
sources are increased by 11 workyears. This
increases the investigative audit capacity
in the construction grant program and in-
creases the evidentiary hearing officer
strength. Offsetting these increases are
decreases in other staff offices, reflecting
the transfer of resources to other higher
priority activities.
-------
Management activities in the Agency's re-
gional offices reflect a greater emphasis,
with 10 additional workyears, on analytic
capabilities to plan integrated environmen-
tal programs, to prepare and review economic
and energy analyses, and to coordinate
regional involvement in agency regulatory
and management reform. In addition, the
regional activities are supported by an
increase of ten workyears for personnel
management to reduce processing time and
devote more time to labor-management rela-
tions, thereby improving the overall manage-
ment effectiveness of these offices. These
additional workyears are offset by decreases
in other regional activities.
Headquarters analytic activities are pro-
posed for reinforcement with the increase
of 6 workyears and $3.8 million for benefits
analyses of EPA regulations, for alternative
fuels promotion, and to help regional
offices accelerate their processes for the
awarding of permits to energy facilities.
Other management activities reflect a major
emphasis, begun in FY 1980 and strengthened
in FY 1981, to improve the management of the
Agency's information systems. Three major
elements of this effort address: 1) infor-
mation policy and resource allocation through
an agencywide steering committee, 2) systems
planning through a central clearinghouse and
support staff, and 3) systems development
and operation through an enhanced central ADP
staff.
The other major effort to strengthen the
Agency's information management is an increase
of $10.3 million with support services for a
major ADP procurement under A-109 to neet the
Agency's systems needs over the next ten years.
Other support services increase by $6.4 million
for the increased costs of utilities, rent, and
government purchased goods and services.
Building and facilities increases by $2.7
million to cover the costs of safety repairs
and pollution controls to federally owned
installations. In FY 1981, work will start
on 37 separate projects at 18 locations.
-------
ALTHOUGH THE LARGEST CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT SUPPORTS OUR INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE, PLANNING AND EVALUATION INCREASES TO SUPPORT
BENEFIT ANALYSES OF EPA REGULATIONS, ALTERNATE FUELS PROMOTION,
AND ENERGY PERMITTING IN REGIONS
(WORKYEARS)
+ 25
+ 10
+6
-11
REGIONAL
PERSONNEL
HQ
PERSONNEL
INFO'
MGMT<
INIT
-20
PROGRAM
MGMT
HQ
PLNG &
EVAL«
REGIONAL
PLNG EVAL
& ANAL-
OTHER
55
-------
SUPPORT SERVICES RECEIVES 65% OF THE DOLLAR INCREASES TO MANAGEMENT
MOST OF WHICH FUNDS THE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE
$(MILLIONS)
+ 1K.7
+2.7
+2.2
BUILDINGS
& FAC-
SUPPORT
SERVICES
AGENCY
MGMT
-0-3
PROG
MGMT
REGIONAL
MGMT
$3.8 MILLION OF THE INCREASE TO AGENCY MANAGEMENT SUPPORTS BENEFIT
ANALYSES OF REGULATIONS
95
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
57
-------
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET INCREASES HAZARDOUS WASTE
GRANTS BY $11.4 MILLION - A 30% INCREASE
+4.9
+11.4
(MILLIONS)
+4.2
1.0
-1.6
105 CLEAN
GRANTS LAKES
106
GRANTS
-3.6
208
GRANTS
PUBLIC
WATER
SYSTEM
GROUND
WATER
PROT.
-2.0
HAZ.
WASTE
-0.8
SOLID RESOURCE
WASTE RECOVERY
PEST.
ENF.
TOXICS
ENF.
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
State Grant Programs
(dollars in thousands)
1979
Budget Authority
Air
Section 105 80,025
Section 175 50,000
Mater Quality
Section 106 52,400
Section 208 41,028
Clean Lakes 14,575
Drinking Water
Public: Water Systems 26,400
Program Grants
Underground Injection 7,600
Control Program
Special Studies & Demos 2,270
Solid Waste
Solid Waste Management 15,150
Hazardous Waste 15,018
Management
Resource Recovery 14,718
Pesticides
pesticides Enf Grants 9,538
Toxics Enf. Grants
TOTAL 328 , 722
1980
Estimate
82,800
48,730
37,500
15,000
29,450
4,395
400
10,000
18,600
10,000
8,750
265,625
1981
Request
87,673
48,730
34,000
13,500
29,450
8,575
1,550
8,000
30,000
10,000
7,920
4-1,000
280,398
BOD 1/22/80
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
The President's 1981 Budget increases EPA's state and
local grant program by $14.8 million from a 1980 level of
$265.6 million to $280.4 million. EPA depends on grants to
the States and local agencies to fulfull a large part of
its environmental mission. Two major reforms in EPA's
management of its grants programs during 1981 will strengthen
the Agency's partnership with the States and local agencies
and insure that the most critical national priorities and
local problems are addressed through the grant programs.
The first reform is the proposed integrated Environmental
Assistance legislation which will help states integrate the
federal programs with their own efforts by giving them
flexibility to reallocate funds among the categorical
programs in line with state priorities and their own
contributions to each program. The second reform is EPA's
development of agreements with each state which integrate
the planning for all environmental programs.
The following highlights summarize the President's
Budget's changes to each of the Agency's grant program's
for 1981.
Air
The 1981 Budget includes an increase of $4.9 million in
financial support to State and local air pollution control
agencies for FY 81. The largest part of this increase will
finance state enforcement efforts aimed at automative
tampering and fuel switching that can destroy pollution
control equipment. EPA will encourage state programs to
prevent violation. Other activities with added emphasis
include the development of plans for major urban areas that
will not have been able to attain the national ambient air
quality standards for ozone by 1982; quality assurance of
data on air quality; and implementation of the non-compliance
penalty program.
Water Quality
The Section 106 grant program will emphasize hazardous and
toxic waste monitoring, spill prevention and response, and
State pretreatment program management, and will evaluate
the current method of allocation for possible amendment.
The Section 208 grant program is shifting from planning to
the implementation of specific strategies. The primary
emphasis will be on developing non-point source controls,
particularly for urban areas, agricultural areas, and
groundwater protection. EPA will also increase emphasis on
regional management and identification of national priorities.
The 1981 Budget decreases the Section 208 grants in favor
of higher priority grant programs.
60
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The small $1.5 million decrease in the Clean Lakes program
eliminates two lower-priority Phase I diagnostic feasibility
studies and three Phase II implementation grants.
Drinking Water
Drinking water grant programs increase by $4.8 million.
Funding for the underground injection control program will
almost double with an increase of $4.2 million. The UIC
regulations are expectedtto be promulgated in the Spring of
1980 and the number of States eligible for grants to develop
primacy enforcement responsibility has increased from the
original 23 States designated to all 57 States and territories,
For the six states that will not assume their own primacy
programs, EPA will develop and implement the program. EPA
will also use an additional $1.2 million to expand special
studies, to provide cost-effective technology for state
rural water associations, and to train state agency personnel
in the drinking water field.
Solid Waste
The 1981 Budget decreases federal financial assistance for
conventional waste programs by $2 million in FY 81, the
second year of the five year planned phase out. However,
the Budget includes an increase of $11.4 million for
hazardous waste management financial assistance for additional
states to pass state equivalent legislative authority to
control hazardous waste generation, transportation, storage,
and disposal, and to increase their enforcement efforts.
pesticides
EPA will continue its support of pesticides enforcement
grants. The decrease of $830 thousand assumes increasing
state inspection and investigations.
Toxic Substances
The 1981 Budget provides $1 million in new grant dollars
which EPA will allocate to approximately six States for
enforcement activities that apply specifically to the PCB
regulations and include inspections to ensure PCB compliance
monitoring and, where necessary, initiation of enforcement
actions. Site inspections will consist of reviewing records,
sampling containers, and in cases of disposal sites,
monitoring landfills and incinerators to determine compliance
with State/EPA approval conditions.
Integrated Environmental Assistance
The 1981 Budget requests no appropriation for this new
grant program pending enactment of authorizing legislation
at which time the President will submit a supplemental
request for appropriations.
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
The long range goal of the construction grants program
is to eliminate the municipal discharge of untreated or
inadequately treated pollutants and thereby help restore or
maintain the quality of the Nation's waters and protect the
health and well being of the people. This program provides
grants to municipal, inter-municipal, State, and interstate
agencies to assist in financing the planning, design, and
construction of municipal waste water treatment facilities
in order to achieve the effluent limitations required by
state water quality standards and the Clean Water Act.
Construction grant funds are alloted to each state on
the basis of formulas set forth in the Clean Water Act.
Within these allotments, grants are awarded on a priority
basis for individual projects. Generally each project is
eligible for 75 percent Federal assistance, although grants
may provide up to 85% for projects using innovative or alter-
native technology in treatment facility design. In addition,
Section 205(g), the State management assistance grant program,
authorizes the use of two percent or $400,000, whichever is
greater, of each State's allotment to allow the states to
assume the day-to-day management of the program. To the ex-
tent that funds suffice, they can also be used for NPDES
Permit, dredge and fill, and Section 208 management programs.
EPA's major accomplishments in 1979 included 1) $4.256
billion obligated, $856 million more than estimated in last
year's budget request; 2) 27 new delegation agreements neg"6^-
tiated (bringing the total to 30) and $60 million obligated
to support States in the process of assuming program manage-
ment delegations; 3) complete transfer of many construction-
related management activities to the Corps of Engineers and;
4) initial or continued implementation of new initiatives
related to innovative/alternative technology, Advanced
Wastewater Treatment (AWT) reviews, improved priority list
planning, review of ocean outfall waivers, and improved
cost effectiveness procedures and guidelines.
in 1980, the program will continue its AWT and ocean
outfall reviews and complete implementation of the other
initiatives begun in 1979. In addition, a major effort will
begin to implement the National Municipal Policy and Strategy
(published Nov. 1979) which attempts to integrate program
activities of the grants, enforcement, and NPDES permit
compliance programs, and to better coordinate and reinforce
planning and scheduling of municipal projects to meet the
goals of the Act.
63
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Obligation levels in 1980 are estimated to reach
$4.8 billion. Emphasis will continue to be placed on
increasing program delegations to the States and the Corps
of Engineers.
Following, are detailed highlights of changes from 1980
to the President's proposed 1981 budget.
Appropriation
The President's FY 1981 Budget requests $3.7 billion
in new obligational authority, as part of an evolving
long term strategy outlined below. This level of funding
is needed to ensure that the maximum number of States,
under the fixed allotment formula legislated by Congress,
receive sufficient funds to continue operations. An
appropriation of $1.7 billion is also requested in 1981
for the liquidation of contract authority pursuant to
Section 203 of the FWPCA.
Increased Obligations and Outlays
Since last year's budget request there has been a
significant increase in actual or projected grant award
activity. In last year's request EPA estimated obliga-
tions of $3.4 billion and $3.6 billion for fiscal years
1979 and 1980 respectively. Actual gross obligations for
FY 1979 were $4.257 billion and the current estimate for
FY 1980 is $4.8 billion. Two factors contributed to
these increases. First, Congress did not extend the
allotment period during which funds can be obligated from
two to three years as requested by EPA causing several
states to move projects into construction to avoid loss
of funds to reallotment. Second, EPA has continued to
delegate major management responsibilities to State
agencies thus increasing overall.program management
resources with attendant enhancements in project develop-
ment and processing times.
These significantly increased obligation levels will
reduce unobligated carryover balances at the end of fiscal
year 1980 by $1.6 billion below what was estimated at the
time of last year's budget submission. With $4.5 billion
in obligations projected for FY 1981 carryover balances
will be further reduced by another $500 million. Outlays
will increase by $50 million in 1981, to a total of
$3.95 billion.
The Agency recognizes that both maintaining obligation
rates at reasonable levels and ensuring full technical,
environmental, and fiscal integrity of our projects are
co-equal objectives and must be balanced against each
other.
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Long-Term Funding Strategy
With inflation rates now running at 10 percent or more
per year it is unrealistic to assume that the entire
$45 billion of remaining needs can be addressed with
appropriation levels likely to be provided to the program
in the foreseable future. EPA is developing a long-term
strategy will address issues related to inflation, eligi-
bilities and priorities, funding distribution, and the
annual appropriation required to most efficiently reach
the goal.
It has become increasingly evident that the present method
for distributing funds does not realistically correspond
to the actual capabilities of many of the States to obli-
gate the money availble to them in the annual allotments.
As a consequence, many States have more money available
than they can effectively absorb within a defined period,
while other States lack sufficient funding to begin
construction of urgently needed wastewater treatment pro-
jects which are already planned and designed. EPA
estimates that approximately 20 states will obligate all
their available funds in FY 1981 and that another half
dozen states may slow down their programs.
EPA is considering a number of proposals that would
target available funds to the highest priority needs and
to those states capable of using grant funds in the
immediate future.
Advanced Waste Treatment
In accordance with the Conference Report of the 1979
appropriation for construction grants, EPA has established
a detailed review process related to funding of advanced
waste treatment projects to ensure that such funding is
strictly limited to those situations where both the higher
level of treatment is necessary to meet water quality
standards and where the advanced treatment will work to
meet these higher standards. The EPA Administrator is
now reviewing all waste treatment projects more stringent
than secondary and with cost greater than $3 million.
Corps of Engineers and State Delegations
By early 1981 a new management agreement will have been
negotiated with the Corps of Engineers which will extend
the current agreement and provide for a continuation of
Corps support for construction management and review
activities.
By the end of 1981, we expect that 42 of the 56 states
and territories will have signed delegation agreements
and that approximately 50% of the program activities
will be fully administered by the states.
65
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APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES
65
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Resources
by Media
(dollars in thousands)
Media
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Solid Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Noise
Interdisciplinary
Toxic Substances
Energy
Management and Support
Re imbursements
Scientific Activities Overseas
Buildings and Facilities
U.S. Regulatory Council
Subtotal
Construction Grants
Subtotal
Oil and Hazardous Substances
Liability Fund
Grand Total
1979
Budget Authority*
Workyears
1,927
3,123
529
292
1,001
205
98
267
556
149
2,486
65
10,698 $1
,. ., 4
10,698 $5
$
$268,272
332,280
70,307
73,878
68,234
10,068
10,893
23,591
55,420
112,829
173,101
2,500
1,172
,202,545
,200,000
,402,545
1980
1981
Current Estimate
Workyears
1,974
3,088
521
406
987
215
105
259
657
153
2,575
64
11
11,015 $1
. o
11,015 $4
$
$250,490
337,435
76,725
100,060
68,156
17,262
13,075
26,341
94,646
101,364
196,490
1,425
3,082
,286,551
,400,000
,686,551
Request
Workyears
1,887
3,033
538
774
914
215
99
250
743
150
2,559
64
11
11,237
11,237
$
$248,470
335,088
86,905
147,448
74,000
17,782
12,927
27,240
106,002
107,599
219,403
1,000
4,115
3,338
$1,391,317
3,700,000
$5,091,317
1981-1980
Difference
Workyears $
-87
-55
+17
+368
-73
-6
-9
+86
-3
-16
+222
___
+222
-$2,020
-2,347
+10,180
+47,388
+5,844
+520
-148
+899
+11,356
+6,235
+22,913
+1,000
+2,690
+256
+$104,766
+300,000
$+404,766
10,698 $5,402,545 11,015 $4,686,551
250,000 +250,000
11,237 $5,341,317 +222 $+654,766
* Reflected for comparative purposes; 1979 appropriation structure differs in President's Budget Appendix.
BOD 1/24/80
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Appropriation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement, Control & Compliance
Research & Development
Scientific Activities Overseas
Buildings & Facilities
Re imbursements
U.S. Regulatory Council
Subtotal
Construction Grants
Subtotal
Oil and Hazardous Substances
Liability Fund
Grand Total
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Resources
by Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Budget
workyeai
10,633
65
10,698
10,698
1979
Authority*
:s $
$452,
524,
221,
2,
1,
1,202,
4,200,
$5,402,
989
481
403
500
172
545
000
545
1980
Current Estimate
Workyears
10,940
64
11
11,015 1
. >
11,015 $4
$
$521,
525,
234,
1,
3f
,286,
,400,
,686,
513
957
574
425
082
551
000
551
1981
Request
Workyears
1981-1980
Difference
$
11,162 $562
64
11
11,237 1,
I
11,237 $5,
555
264
1
4
3
391
700
091
,542
,338
,984
,000
,115
,338
,317
,000
,317
Vforkyears
+222
$
+41
+29
+30
+1
,029
,381
,410
,000
-1-2, 690
+222
+222
+104
+300
$+404
+256
,766
,000
,766
250,000
10,698 $5,402,545 11,015 $4,686,551
11,237 $5,341,317
+250,000
+222 $+654,766
* Reflected for comparative purposes; 1979 appropriation structure differs in President's Budget Appendix.
BOD 1/22/80
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Environmental Protection Agency
Outlays by Media - 1979, 1980 and 1981
(dollars in thousands)
Media
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Solid Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Noise
Interdisciplinary
Toxic Substances
Energy
Management and Support
Scientific Activities Overseas
Facilities
U.S. Regulatory Council
Operations, Research & Facilities
Miscellaneous Accounts
Subtotal
Construction Grants
Subtotal
Oil and Hazardous Substances
Liability Fund
Grand Total
1979
Actual
$228,855
283,462
59,977
63,024
58,210
8,589
9,293
20,124
47,278
107,000
147,687
2,260
2,367
6,156
75
1,044,357
3,756,079
$4,800,436
1980
Current Est.
$209,600
282,400
64,200
83,700
57,000
14,400
10,900
22,000
79,200
104,000
145,639
1,800
2,000
2,400
5,000
70
1,084,309
3,900,000
$4,984,309
1981
Request
$211,500
285,300
74,000
125,500
63,000
15,100
11,000
23,200
90,200
105,000
186,940
3,000
2,500
2,800
3,200
80
1,202,320
3,950,000
$5,152,320
1981-1980
Difference
$-1-1,900
+2,900
+9,800
+41,800
+6,000
+700
+100
+1,200
+11,000
+1,000
+41,301
+1,200
+500
+400
-1,800
+10
+118,011
+50,000
$+168,011
45,000
$4,800,436
$4,984,309
$5,197,320
+45,000
$+213,011
BOD 1/22/80
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Environmental Protection Agency
Outlays by Appropriation - 1979, 1980 and 1981
(dollars in thousands)
Appropriation
Research & Development
Abatement, Control & Compliance
Salaries & Expenses
Scientific Activities Overseas
Buildings & Facilities
Operations, Research & Facil.
Miscellaneous Accounts
U.S. Regulatory Council
Subtotal
Construction Grants
Subtotal
Oil and Hazardous Substances
Liability Fund
Grand Total
1979
Actual
$225,201
382,882
425,416
2,260
2,367
6,156
75
_
1,044,357
3,756,079
$4,800,436
««»
$4,800,436
1980
Current Est.
$233,600
397,164
442,275
1,800
2,000
5,000
70
2,400
1,084,309
3,900,000
$4,984,309
_ | ,
$4,984,309
1981
Request
$255,000
406,740
529,000
3,000
2,500
3,200
80
2,800
1,202,320
3,950,000
$5,152,320
45,000
$5,197,320
1981-1980
Difference
$+21,400
+9,576
+86,725
+1,200
+500
-1,800
+10
+400
+118,011
+50,000
$+168,011
+45,000
$+213,011
BOD 1/22/80
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