SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
ANNUAL REPORT
(October 1,1993 - September 30,1994)
November 21,1994
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
ANNUAL REPORT
(October 1,1993 - September 30,1994)
November 21,1994
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
IV
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
TITLE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...
SUMMARY OF HOTLINE STATISTICS
PAGE
Total Incoming Calls 1
Calls Received/Answered (June 1988 - September 1994) 2
Calls Received/Answered -FY94 3
Calls Answered/Received Comparing FY 92. FY 93 and FY 94 4
Type of Caller 5
Geographic Area of Calls 6
Number of Inquiries and Calls by Month 7
Disposition of Inquiries (July 1988 - September 1994) B
Disposition of Inquiries -FY94 9
Subject of Inquiries 10
Subject of Other Regulations 11
Subject of Other Drinking Water Inquiries 11
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Inquiries 12
Total/Fecal Coliform Inquiries 13
Lead and Copper Inquiries 13
Phase II Inquiries 14
Phase V Inquiries 14
Radionuclides Inquiries 15
Surface Water Treatment Rule Inquiries 15
Combined Line Graphs 16
Combined Line Graphs (without Lead and Copper) 16
Upcoming Regulations 17
Subject of Document Requests 13
Referral of Callers 19
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA 20
COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS 25
COMMONLY REQUESTED DOCUMENTS 34
KEY PROGRAM ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS A-1
MONTHLY REPORT HOT TOPICS INDEX B-1
INFORMATION SPECIALISTS' RESUMES . . . C-1
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Safe Drinking Water Hotline assists
the regulated community, State and local officials, and the public to understand the
regulations and programs developed in response to the Safe Drinking Water Act
Amendments of 1986. The Hotline provides callers with information about EPA's drinking
water regulations, guidance, and public education materials. Specifically, Hotline staff can
accomplish the following tasks.
Clarify drinking water regulations and provide appropriate Federal Register
and Code of Federal Regulations citations, and explain EPA's policies and
guidelines.
Provide updates on the status of drinking water regulations and policies.
Provide information on the availability of technical publications, guidance
documents, and regulations regarding drinking water.
Provide information on the availability of public information materials such
as brochures and pamphlets regarding drinking water. >
Provide appropriate referrals for specific information on local drinking water
conditions, bottled water, home water treatment units, and ground water
protection.
Provide State contacts for EPA-certified labs that test drinking water.
Develop fact sheets, questions and answers, and annotated publication
lists.
A complete listing of Hotline activities and outputs during Fiscal Year 1994 are highlighted
in Appendix A, "Key Program Activities and Outputs".
Additional statistics describing Hotline operations during Fiscal Year 1994 follow.
The Hotline received and answered 63,985 calls (12,334 more calls
compared to FY 1993), an average of 5,332 calls per month.
The average queue time during FY 1994 was less than 40 seconds.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
Except for October, November and January, the Hotline received and
answered more calls each month during FY 1994, compared to FY 1993.
Compared to FY 1992, the Hotline received and answered more calls in
every month of FY 1994.
On average, the Hotline received 2.47 inquiries for each call during FY 1994.
The Hotline received the highest number of calls (9,023) and the greatest
number of inquiries (33,251) during April 1994, related to media coverage
of research findings that lead could leach from submersible well pumps
containing leaded brass.
During FY 1994, approximately 54% of the inquiries were subject inquiries,
21% were document requests and 25% were referrals as compared to FY
1993 which had approximately 54% subject inquiries, 22% document
requests and 23% referrals.
The relative proportion of subject inquiries, document requests and referrals
has remained relatively constant.
After providing current regulatory and/or consumer information on drinking
water, approximately 25% of the calls were referred to State agencies, other
Federal agencies, trade associations, and others for additional information.
Lead and copper inquiries represented the greatest single category of calls
during FY 1994.
Questions on arsenic represented the greatest single category of calls
about upcoming regulations during FY 1994.
Regarding the types of callers that use the Hotline, 71% of the calls came
from citizens. Consultants, water suppliers, and State/local governments
represented approximately 16%, 4%, and 2% of the call load.
Regarding the geographic area of callers, the greatest number came from
EPA Region III (10,748 calls; 16.8% of the total), followed closely by callers
from EPA Region V (10,364 calls; 16.2% of the total) and from EPA Region
IV (10,044 calls; 15.7% of the total).
in
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
SECTION I
SUMMARY OF HOTLINE STATISTICS
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
20000
T3
o>
I
10000-
a>
'0
8
HOW MANY CALLS COME INTO THE HOTLINE?
Total Incoming Calls
(October 1993 - September 1994)
Night Calls
Hang-Ups
Received/Answered
Total Incoming Calls
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
During FY 1994, the Hotline received 91,496 calls; 63,985 calls were
answered by the Hotline, 21,880 were night calls (i.e., calls that were
made outside the Hotline's hours of operation) and 5,332 were hang-ups.
Approximately 40% of the night calls (9,013) were made the night after a
press release on lead leaching from submersible pumps.
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW MANY CALLS DOES THE HOTLINE ANSWER?
Calls Received/Answered
(June 1988 - September 1994)
Ja M« My Ju 8« ND Ja Hi Hy Ju 8« No Ji U* Uy Ai So
FY 89
FY 90
FY 91
FY 92
Month
FY 93
FY 94
Due to increased promulgation of drinking water regulations and heightened
consumer awareness, the number of calls to the Hotline from all sources (i.e.,
water suppliers, consultants, citizens, etc.) has grown since 1988.
During FY 1994, the Hotline received and answered 63,985 calls; 12,334 more
than were received and answered during FY 93 and 22,509 more than FY 92.
The Hotline received and answered an average of 5,332 calls per month during
FY 94, approximately 253 calls a day.
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW MANY CALLS HAS THE HOTLINE ANSWERED IN FY 1994?
Calls Received and Answered - FY 94
I
10000
9000
8000-
7000
6000-
5000
4000-
3000-
2000
Environmental Defense Fund
announces lead leaching from
submersible pumps in study,
giving Hotline's number as a
source of more information.
Various popular culture
magazines, such as
Mademoiselle and Seventeen
publish Hotline's number.
ICR proposed
on Feb. 10, 1994.
\
..
Various monthly newsletters
and magazines publish story
re submersible pumps.
\
D/DBP and ESWTF
proposed on
July 29, 1994.
Dateline runs a three series
report on Crypto, but does
not give out Hotline's number
on the air.
»l
I Total Number of Calls Answered/Received = 63,985 |
~T ' i'i'i«i«iiiiiiiiiiiii
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Month
LABAT-ANDERSON.INC
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW DO THE LAST TWO YEARS COMPARE TO THIS YEAR?
Calls Answered/Received
(Comparing FY 92, FY 93 and FY 94)
"5
a_
E
10000
9000-
8000-
7000-
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
FY94
- FY93
FY92
I ' I
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Month
Except for October, November and January, the Hotline received and
answered more calls each month during FY 1994, compared to FY 1993.
Compared to FY 1992, the Hotline received and answered more calls in FY
1994 every month.
LABAT-ANDERSON,lnc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
WHO CALLS THE HOTLINE?
TYPE OF CALLER
IDD Consultants
10,492
(16.4%)
Press/Media
323
(0.5%)
0 State/Local
1,535
(2.4%)
Water Suppliers
2,239
(3.5%)
D Analytical Laboratories
1,088
(1.7%)
Total Calls Received/Answered = 63,985
Includes consultants to Public Water Systems, engineers conducting site investigation/
remediation and companies assisting State/local drinking water agencies.
includes Environmental Groups (0.5%), Federal Government (0.9%), Manufacturers (0.5%)
and Other (1.0%).
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
WHERE ARE THE CALLERS LOCATED?
Geographic Area of Calls
Total Number of Calls = 63,985
2000 4000 6000 8000
Number of Calls
10000 12000 14000
The greatest single category of callers came from Region III (10,748), followed
closely by callers from Region V (10,364) and Region IV (10,044)..
Callers from outside the United States may contact the Hotline by calling (202)
260-7908.
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW MANY QUESTIONS PER CALL?
Number of Inquiries and Calls by Month
5000
10000 15000 20000 25000
30000
35000
The total number of calls received and answered during FY 1994 was 63,985.
The total number of inquiries was 158,130.
On average, the Hotline received 2.47 inquiries for each call during FY 1994.
The Hotline received the highest number of calls (9,023) and the greatest
number of Inquiries (33,251) during April 1994.
NOTE:
Inquiries is the sum of the number of subject inquiries,
document requests and referrals.
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW HAS THE HOTLINE ASSISTED CALLERS SINCE 1988?
Disposition of Inquiries
(July 1988 - September 1994)
20000
15000 -
10000 -
5000 -
Referrals
Document Requests
Subject Inquiries
Ju ». No J. U. My Ju m. No J. M. Uy Ju «. Ho J. M. My Ju «. Ho J. M. My Ju . No .
I I I I I
FY SB FY 90 FY 91 FY 92
Month
FY 94
During FY 1994, approximately 54% of the inquiries were subject inquiries,
20.9% were document requests and 25.1% were referrals as compared to
FY 1993, which had approximately 54% subject inquiries, 22% document requests
and 23% referrals. In FY 1992, there were approximately 46% subject inquiries,
29% document requests and 25% referrals.
The relative proportion of subject inquiries, document requests and referrals
has remained relatively constant.
i
8
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW DOES THE HOTLINE HELP CALLERS?
Disposition of Inquiries
Referrals
39,629
(25.1%)
Subject
85,466
(54.0%)
Document Requests
33,035
(20.9%)
Total Number of Inquiries = 158,130
After providing current regulatory and/or consumer information on drinking water,
approximately 25% of the calls are referred to trade associations and other Federal
and State agencies for additional information. During FY 1994, most referrals
were made to State Laboratory Certification Offices, to the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, the International Bottled Water Association, NSF International
and the Water Quality Association.
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
WHAT DO CALLERS WANT TO KNOW?
Subject of Inquiries
Proposed Regulations
4,042
(4.7%)
Local DW Quality
3,446
(4.0%)
D Home Water Treatment Unit*
4,281
(5.0%)
Household Well*
10,513
(12.3%)
Upcoming Proposed Regulations
371
(0.4%)
Q Primary DW Regulations
28,822
(33.7%)
Secondary DW Regulations
898
(1.1%)
Tap Water Testing
13,866
(16.2%)
Total Number of Subject Inquiries = 85,466
Other Drinking Water Topics category Includes other
regulations besides the primary ones as well as a
variety of other non-regulatory drinking water topics.
A bar chart on the following page presents a graph of
the other regulations and the other drinking water topics
routinely handled by the Hotline staff.
The Hotline answers caller questions on a wide range of drinking water topics.
t
10 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
Other Regulations
Background/Overview
Def/App/Coverage
DWPL
Sodium Monitoring
Primacy
Unregulated Com. Mon.
Variances/Exemptions
316
I 6605
146
75
38
Q303
21
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Number of Inquiries
Other Drinking Water Inquiries
Additives
Afford/Cost
Analytical Methods
Bottled Water
Compliance - Special
Compliance - Statistics
Health Advisories
Health Effects (Unreg.)
Lab Certification
LCCA/Lead Ban
Mobilization
NPS
Other
Treatment Tech.
URTH
Wellhead Protection
1000
2000 3000 4000
Number of Inquiries
5000
6000
11
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
WHAT DO CALLERS WANT TO KNOW ABOUT NPDWRS?
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Inquiries
10000-
8000-
6000-
4000-
2000-
I Microbiological
0 Lead/Copper
IOC/SOC
I DBP/GWP
i Radionuclides
Oct Nov Dec Jan
Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
Lead and copper inquiries represent the greatest single category of calls during
FY1994.
12
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
TOTAL/FECAL COLIFORM QUESTIONS: HOW MANY AND WHEN?
f
Total/Fecal Conform Inquiries
co
o
er
i
F
5
|
Z
11O
8
3
8
8
| Total Number of Conform Inquiries = 7O9[
1 ' ' ' ''iiiri i 1 1 i
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
LEAD AND COPPER QUESTIONS: HOW MANY AND WHEN?
Lead and Copper Inquiries
10000
9000-
8000-
7000-
6OOO-
5OOO-
4000-
3000 -
2000-
1000-
EDF ISMIOS prom
release on lead
leaching from brass
submersible pumps
which gives out the
Hotline's number In
April 1994.
Various monthly
magazines and
newsletters pick
up the submersible
pump story.
Small PWSs (serving less
than 3,300 persons) start
their second round ol mon
on January 1, 1994.
EPA Region 4 sends
out notices ol violation
to PWSs In North Carolina.
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
13
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
PHASE II QUESTIONS: HOW MANY AND WHEN?
Phase II Inquiries
300
= 200 -
3
o-
100 H
Second year of the first
compliance period begins
Jan. 1, 1994
\
/ V
Phase II Inquiries = 1.526 |
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
PHASE V QUESTIONS: HOW MANY AND WHEN?
Phase V Inquiries
Number of Inquiries
130 -
110 -
90-
7O-
50-
30-
For large PWSs, the second
^ year of the first compliance /*
v^ period begins on Jan. 1, 1994. « \
\ /^ / \
V \ : \
,-. ' 1
/ "*
Total Phase V Inquiries = 994
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
14
LABAT-ANDERSON.Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
RADIONUCLIDES QUESTIONS: HOW MANY AND WHEN?
8
_k
cr
i
"o
i
Radionuclides Inquiries
250
200-
150-
100-
50-
Revlsed promulgation date
for Radionuclides Rule of
May 1995 was announced
In February.
Expected promulgation
date of Radionuclides
Rule was October 1, 1993
Total Radlonuclldes Inquiries = 1.476 |
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
SWTR QUESTIONS: HOW MANY AND WHEN?
Surface Water Treatment Rule Inquiries
250
200-
150-
100-
50-
Dateline alra a three part
series on Crypto threat
to surface water sources;
the Hotline Is not mentioned
In the program, but Dateline
refers callers to the Hotline.
Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule Is proposed
on July 29, 1994.
| Total Surface Water Treatment Rule Inquiries = 8821
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Month
15
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
HOW DO THE INDIVIDUAL GRAPHS COMPARE TO EACH OTHER?
Combined Line Graphs
V)
o
'^.
1
"5
«» July Aug Sop
Month
16
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
WHAT DO CALLERS WANT TO KNOW ABOUT UPCOMING
REGULATIONS?
100
80 H
V)
0)
Upcoming Regulations
Sulfate
Arsenic
Phase Vl-b
GW Disinfection
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr MayJuneJuly Aug Sep
Month
Arsenic questions represent the greatest single category of calls about
upcoming regulations during FY 1994.
17
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
WHAT PUBLICATIONS DO CALLERS REQUEST THE MOST?
Subject of Document Requests
Other DW Topics'
6,127
(18.6%)
CD Health Advisories
1.510
(4.6%)
D Tap Water Testing
909
(2.8%)
Household Wells
2,425
(7.3%)
Wellhead Protection
562
(1.7%)
Other Regulations
5,331
(16.1%)
SDWRs
251
(0.8%)
Total Documents Requested = 33,035
The Hotline orders publications for callers on a wide range of topics. The greatest
single category, however, is NPDWRs.
"Other DW Topics" documents include those related to the additives program,
analytical methods, bottled water, compliance/enforcement, LCCA/Lead Ban,
local drinking water quality, mobilization/restructuring, laboratory certification
and treatment technologies.
18
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY94 ANNUAL REPORT
AFTER THE HOTLINE, THEN WHERE?
Referral of Callers
EPA HQ (PWS)*
EPA HQ (Non-PWS)
EPA ORD
EPA Regions
State Agencies
External DW Referrals*
159
(0.4%)
221
(0.6%)
516
(1.3%)
555
(1.4%)
* Includes Drinking Water Docket
" Includes AWWA, NTIS, GPO, WQA, NSF
FDA, Federal and Local Agencies, Trade
Associations and Other
Total Number of Referrals = 39,629
20,647
(52.1%)
5000 10000 15000 20000
Number of Referrals
25000
The Hotline provides Information about other organizations that address water-
related issues. After the Hotline has assisted callers, they may be referred to
other appropriate organizations outside EPA for additional information (e.g.,
callers would be referred to the National Sanitation Foundation for more
information on home water treatment units).
19
LABAT-ANDERSON, I nc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
SECTION II
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA
CALL LOAD
Number
Percent
Total Incoming Calls 91.496
Calls Received and Answered 63,985
Hang Ups 5.631
Night Calls 21.880
Ratio of Calls Received and Answered to Night Calls 3:1
Ratio of Incoming Calls to Hang Ups 16:1
Mean Queue Time <40 seconds
Average Calls Received and Answered per Month 5,332
Average Calls Received and Answered per Day 253
1000%
700%
6.1%
239%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
CALL TYPE
Total Number of Inquiries
Subject Inquiries
Referrals
Document Requests
158.130
85.466
39.629
33,035
100.0%
54.0%
25.1%
20.9%
HIGHEST NUMBER OF CALLS
A Type of Caller:
Citizen
B- Geographic Area of Calls:
EPA Region III
C: Subject of Inquiry.
Questions Asked: Lead
Documents Requested' Lead
D. Referral of Callers
State Agencies
45,166
10.748
24,004
11,965
20,647
70.6%
168%
28.1%
36.2%
52.1%
20
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA
A. TYPE OF CALLER
Analytical Laboratories
Citizens
Consultants
Environmental Groups
EPA Headquarters and Regional Staff
Federal Government Agencies
Industry/Trade
Law Firms
Manufacturers
Media/Press
State and Local Governments
Water Suppliers
(CONT'D)
Number
1.088
45.166
10,492
322
512
586
640
128
337
323
1.535
2,239
Percent
1 7%
70.6%
16.4%
0.5%
0.8%
0.9%
1.0%
0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
2.4%
3.5%
Community Water Systems 1,953 3.1%
Non-Community Sytems (Transient) 64 0.1%
Non-Transient. Non-Community Systems 192 03%
Other
Total
B. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
EPA Region I
EPA Region II
EPA Region III
EPA Region IV
EPA Region V
EPA Region VI
EPA Region VII
EPA Region VIII
EPA Region IX
EPA Region X
International
617
63,985
5.822
7.997
10.748
10.044
10.364
4,542
2.687
2.623
6.202
2.932
24
1.0%
100.0%
9.1%
12.5%
16.8%
15.7%
16.2%
7.1%
4.2%
4.1%
9.7%
4.6%
0.0%
Total
63,985
100.0%
21
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA (CONT'D)
C. SUBJECT OF INQUIRY
1. NPDWRs Questions Answered Documents Requested
a. Microbiological
Total Cdiforms
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Ground Water Disinfection
Ground Water Turbidity
Subtotal
b. D/DBPs
Total Trihalomethanes
Phase Vl(a)- other DBPs
Subtotal
c. IOC/SOC
Phase I
Phase II
Phase V
Phase Vl(b)
Arsenic
Fluoride
Sulfate
Subtotal
d. Lead/Copper
e. Radionuclides
Subtotal NPDWRs
2. Secondary Standards
709
882
156
80
1,827
333
2.064
2,397
301
1.526
994
139
233
203
135
3,531
24,004
1,476
33,235
898
08%
10%
02%
01%
2.1%
0.4%
2.4%
2.8%
04%
1.8%
1.2%
0.2%
03%
0.2%
0.2%
4.1%
28.1%
1.7%
38.9%
1.1%
369
310
0
68
747
' 160
730
890
88
475
558
19
1
26
0
1,167
11,965
432
15,133
251
1.1%
0.9%
0.0%
0.2%
2.1%
0.5%
2.2%
2.7%
0.3%
1.4%
1.7%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
3.5%
36.2%
1.3%
45.8%
0.8%
22
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA (CONT'D)
C. SUBJECT OF INQUIRY (CONT'D)
3. Other Drinking Water Regulations
Questions Answered Documents Requested
Background/Overview 6,605 7.7% 5,280 16.0%
Definition/Applicability/Coverage
Drinking Water Priority List
Sodium Monitoring
State Primacy and Indian Lands
Unreg. Contaminants Monitoring
Variances/Exemptions
Subtotal
4. Other Drinking Water Topics
Additives Program
Affordability/Cost
Analytical Methods
Bottled Water
Compliance/Enf. - Special
Compliance/Enf. - Stats
Health Advisories
Health Effects - Unregulated
Home Water Treatment Units
Household Wells
LCCA/Lead Ban
Local Drinking Water Quality
Mobilization/Restructuring
National Pesticide Survey
State Laboratory Certification
Tap Water Testing
Treatment Technologies
URTH
Wellhead Protection
Other
Subtotal
316
146
75
38
303
21
7,504
152
46
729
1,202
358
70
2,048
160
4,281
10,513
592
3,446
91
74
337
13.866
332
10
562
4,960
43,829
04%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
8.8%
0.2%
0.1%
0.9%
1.4%
0.4%
0.1%
2.4%
0.2%
5.0%
12.3%
0.7%
40%
0.1%
01%
04%
16.2%
04%
00%
0.7%
5.8%
51.3%
18
19
0
8
3
3
5,331
10
26
66
252
7
12
1.510
10
787
2.425
287
6
155
42
124
909
160
10
562
4.960
12,320
0.1%
0.1%
N/A
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
16.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.8%
0.0%
0.0%
4.6%
0.0%
2.4%
7.3%
0.9%
0.0%
0.5%
0.1%
04%
2.8%
0.5%
0.0%
1.7%
15.0%
37.3%
Total Inquiries
85,466 100.0%
33,035 100.0%
23
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF ANNUAL CALLER DATA (CONT'D)
D. REFERRALS
1 . Internal Drinking Water Referrals
a. Internal OGWDW (PWS)
EPA HQ OGWDW (PWS)
Docket
b Internal Non-PWS Referrals
EPA HQ OGWDW (Non-PWS)
EPA HQ OGWPW (GWPD)
c. EPA ORD
d. EPA Regional Referrals
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX
Region X
Subtotal
e. State Agencies
Total Internal Referrals
2. External Referrals
AWWA
ASDWA
Water Quality Association
FDA/IBWA
Local Public Health Departments
Local Water Systems
National Sanitation Foundation
NTIS/GPO/PIC
Trade Associations
Other
Total External Referrals
Total Referrals
Number
40
119
115
106
516
38
56
47
90
78
54
17
41
89
45
555
20.647
22,098
118
448
2.893
725
1.585
1.908
4.455
685
42
4672
17,531
39,629
P<
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
1.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.3%
1 0.1%
1.4%
52.1%
55.8%
0.3%
1.1%
7.3%
1.8%
4.0%
4.8%
11.2%
1.7%
0.1%
11.9%
44.2%
100.0%
Percent
I APAT-AMnPRQDN Iflfi
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
SECTION III
COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
SECTION III
COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS
GENERAL
From the Public:
I saw your .. ad; article, telephone number on the news, my water bill, my
telephone bill, a magazine ... what do you do?
Is the water in my .. home, town, city, county, etc. . safe to drink?
My water... smells bad, looks brown, tastes bad, leaves a deposit on my
sink, etc.... is it safe? What causes this? What can I do to fix this problem? Will
EPA or my State government help fix this problem?
Where can I get my water tested? What should I test for? Is the test free? Does
this Hotline test water?
I got the results back from my water test, but I don't understand them. Can you
help me?
Do you have any publications on safe water?
What are the health effects of ?
From the Regulated Community:
Could you send me the latest list of regulated contaminants? How many
contaminants does EPA regulate?
What is the difference between a primary and secondary standard?
What is the difference between a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and a
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG)9
What is the current MCL for ' What is the Best Available
Technology (BAT) for ? How about the analytical method?
What is the status of the Rule?
How do you convert mg/l into ppb? ppm? ug/l?
What is EPA's definition of .. human consumption, running average, service
connection, treatment facility, etc.7
Is my facility considered to be a Public Water System (PWS)9 If so. what type of
water system is the facility, and what contaminants would it have to monitor'7
25 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
DISINFECTANTS/DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS RULE (D/DBP)
From the Public:
What is the MCL for chlorine'
My water smells like a swimming pool, what can I do to get my water system to
use less chlorine7
What are the health effects of chlorine9 Chloramines? Ozone9
Can you tell me how to disinfect water .. for a camping trip, on my vacation to
another country, in the event of an emergency such as a flood or earthquake?
From the Regulated Community:
How can I get a copy of the proposed D/DBP Rule?
My laboratory would like to be EPA-approved for D/DBP analysis. How can we get
approved? Is there a manual that lists the EPA methods? Has EPA established
methods for each DBP?
What is the status of the D/DBP Rule? When will this rule be promulgated?
What is the current MCL for Total Trihalomethanes OTHMs)9 What is the proposed
MCL? How is this level determined? Who has to monitor for TTHMs? What is the
analytical method for TTHMs?
HOME WATER TREATMENT UNITS (HWTUs) AND BOTTLED WATER
From the Public:
Do you have any information on drinking water filters? What is EPA's opinion on
HWTUs9 Are they safe? Which ones work best?
A salesperson told me that his filter is EPA approved Does this mean it's safe9
What does the EPA registration number mean?
I want the purest water possible, which filter will remove everything? Well then,
which will remove lead? What about Ciyptosporidium1?
Can you send me a list of the National Sanitation Foundation's (NSF's) approved
filters?
I have [specific brand! water filter. Will it take out ?
I have a water softener that adds sodium to my water, and I am on a salt restricted
diet. Should I stop'using the softener9 What should I do9
A magazine article said you would tell me which bottled water brand to buy So,
which brand is the best9
26
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
' Is distilled water safe? I had heard that you could go blind if you drank distilled
water, is this true7
. Which is best bottled water, filtered water or tap water?
. I have a complaint about my bottled water. Can you help me? Well, who DOES
regulate bottled water?
. My company has developed a new HWTU that will remove ; what should I do
to promote this product7 Will EPA test it and certify it? Who WILL certify it?
. | am a fHWTU. Bottled Water] salesperson; can you send me information
proving that tap water is unsafe to drink7 How about a list of all the cities in
that are out of compliance with the drinking water regulations?
From the Regulated Community:
Can you give me an overview of EPA's regulations on HWTUs? How about bottled
water regulations?
If my business puts a treatment device on all of the taps in our buildings, will the
business become classified as a PWS?
I am the operator of a PWS. will my system have to provide bottled water to our
customers if we exceed the MCL? Can the system
avoid public notification if we provide bottled water to our users?
HOUSEHOLD WELLS
From the Public:
. I'm moving into a house that has a well. What should I test the well for to ensure
that the water is safe to drink?
. All the private wells on my road are contaminated, but the town won't run the city
water pipes out this far What should we do?
. The health department tested my well and told me it was infected with coliforms
What are the health effects of coliforms? How did they get into my well? How can
I get rid of them7
. A builder put 10 houses with septic systems up the hill from me. and now my well
has fecal coliforms and nitrates. What can I do?
I have a submersible (sometimes pronounced as submergible) pump made by
, and the model number is . Is this a safe model7 Where can I get
my water tested for lead7 What is the sampling protocol for lead testing? Where
can I get more information on the lawsuit against those four manufacturers? Will
EPA recall any pumps7 What should I do if my pump is leaching lead? Who will
pay if I need to replace my pump?
27
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
From the Regulated Community:
We have six families on the same well. Are we considered a PWS9
I'm calling from a local health department. Several wells in the area have recently been
contaminated with . Can you tell me about treatment technologies and the
health effects associated with so I can pass them along to people in this
locality? Can I refer them to you for more information and/or publications'7
I am a realtor, and I've heard that the FHA is requiring household wells to be tested before
a house is sold. What should be tested, and what are the safe levels for those
contaminants that are tested? Is there anything else that should be tested?
I am calling on behalf of my subdivision. Four families in the subdivision share a well. We
know we are not a PWS. but would like to get more information on the requirements so that
we can keep our water safe Can you send me some material?
I am a submersible pump installer/manufacturer, and I heard on the news that there may
be a problem with lead in the pumps. Can you give me more information on this situation?
Do you know where I can get a copy of the study that says that some pumps are leaching
lead?
INFORMATION COLLECTION RULE (ICR)
From the Public:
A show called Dateline said that EPA will require water systems to monitor for
Cryptosporidium in the future. Is this true? When will they start? Will my water system
have to monitor Cryptosporidium? Why hasn't EPA required this before?
From the Regulated Community:
How can I get information about the ICR laboratory approval process and application
materials? How about the approved methods?
Are there any training materials, sessions or videos available on the sampling requirements
of the ICR? What about on other requirements of this rule? How can I get a copy of the
proposed rule?
My water system is listed in a table in the ICR as a water system that would have to monitor
under this rule My system should not be on the list because (it is a consecutive system,
it does not serve 10,000 persons, it is not a Subpart H system, etc), what should I do?
I heard that the comment period was extended. Is this true? What is the new date of the
end of the comment period? Where should I send my comments9 Where and when are
the public meetings on the ICR? Do I have to register in advance7
I received a copy of the ICR proposed rule, but I am confused about the requirements. Can
you give me an overview of the monitoring requirements? Which type of water systems
have to comply with the ICR requirements?
28
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
LEAD AND COPPER RULE
From the Public:
What are the symptoms of lead poisoning? Where can I have my children tested9
What is the safe level for lead? How does this get into the water'' What is my
water system doing to protect me and my family from lead? Will ... the water
system, EPA, the Hotline, State or local government .. replace my pipes for free?
Where can I get the water tested for lead? How about paint and dishes?
I had my water tested for lead and the level was . What should I do?
Is this level safe? How can I remove lead from drinking water? Will boiling the
water help? What about water filters or bottled water?
My home was built in . Does it have lead pipes or solder? What should I do
if my home does have lead pipes or solder? What about brass faucets?
I had my water tested, and the lead level was fine but the copper level was high.
What are the health effects of copper? How can I remove copper from drinking
water?
I just bought a new faucet, and the information inside the package says that this
faucet contains lead. What is going on? I thought that EPA passed a lead ban!
Are there any faucets on the market that do not contain any lead? What should I
do?
I got a notice from my children's school that the drinking water contains lead. Is
this safe? What should the school do about this; is it responsible for providing
bottled water for my children'' Are they required to treat their water to take out the
lead?
I read in the (newspaper, magazine, newsletter) that lead is a problem in drinking
water. I live in ; is there lead in our water' What about copper?
My water looks blue-green, what does this mean? If my water looks brown, smells,
tastes metallic, makes me queasy) does it mean that lead is in if What should I
do?
From the Regulated Community:
What is the MCL for lead? Well then, what is an action level, and how is it different
from an MCL?
I am a small Community Water System (CWS) with less than 3.000 users. How
many samples do I have to take9 Where do I take them? What is this tier stuff?
Do you have any guidance publications on lead and copper sampling?
I am calling on behalf of a large CWS that has done its monitoring for lead during
both six month periods Neither time did the system exceed the action level for
lead What does it have to do next? How about for a small or medium system?
29
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
My business gets its water from the city, and we don't treat it or filter it here Does
the business have to monitor for lead7 Even if we don't have to. we still may
sample Can you tell us how we should take these samples? Do you have any
guidance document that you can send us?
I am a medium water system that has to take 40 samples The problem is I can't
find 40 samples that meet tier 1. 2 or 3 criteria. Do I have to monitor? If so.
where?
How often does a system have to repeat its lead public education program? What
happens if a system exceeds the copper action level but not the lead action level-
is there a copper education program requirement? Even if there isn't one. this
system may still want to educate its users. Do you have any material that the
system can use to educate its users?
I am a small Community Water System from North Carolina I got this notice of
violation from your office regarding the lead and copper rule We did the testing.
and the laboratory was supposed to send the results to the State. What am I
supposed to do?
How can I calculate the 90th percentile sample? What about if I only took 5
samples?
PHASE I, II AND V RULES
From the Public:
What is the safe level of sodium? How about iron?
I had my water tested, and the lab says that I have too much [specific
contaminant! . What should I do?
My water system adds fluoride to our water. Is this safe7 How can I stop them
from adding fluoride to my water?
From the Regulated Community:
When did the Phase II Rule become Final? How about the Phase V Rule?
My water system has to monitor for Phase V contaminants before the January 17,
1994 effective date I am confused Do I have to monitor for Phase V before it
becomes effective? What if I exceed an MCL-would I be out of compliance even
though the MCL is not yet effective?
What is the Standardized Monitoring Framework? How often do I have to monitor
for [specific contaminant or contaminant type under this Framework?
Why did silver change from a primary to a secondary standard7
How often do I have to monitor for the unregulated, contaminants7 How does this
fit into the Standardized Monitoring Framework?
30
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
Could you explain how I can composite samples under the Standardized
Monitoring Framework'' What if a contaminant is detected above its Method
Detection Limit-how does this affect compositing?
How can my system get to decreased monitoring under the Framework? What
triggers a system into increased monitoring''
What does a stay of rule effectiveness mean for the aldicarbs?
RADIONUCLIDES
From the Public:
I have a well, and I have radon In my air Should I test for radon in the water?
How can I get my water tested? What is the safe level of radon in water? How
can I lower the level of radon in my water?
I am selling my home, and the buyer wants me to test for radon. What is radon?
What are its health effects? What Is Its regulated level for drinking water?
Do you have any information on radon in water that you can send me? How about
in the air?
I had my well tested for radon, and the lab found 50,000 pCi/l. What should I do?
What treatment units will filter out radon in water?
From the Regulated Community:
What is the status of the Radionuclides Rule? Do you know what it will say once
It becomes promulgated?
What is the current MCL for ... gross alpha particles, gross beta and photon
emitters, radium 228 and 226? Who has to monitor for these contaminants?
What are the proposed MCLs for ? How about the proposed BATs
and analytical methods?
Will the radon MCL change from 300 pCi/l? What about uranium's level?
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE (SWTR)/ENHANCED SWTR
From the Public:
I have been diagnosed with giardiasis, and my doctor said my condition came from
the drinking water. What should I do to get the water cleaned up?
. What is Cryptosporidiumf Does EPA regulate it? Why not? How did it get into
Milwaukee's water? What is my community doing to prevent it from getting into
our water?
i
Does my water system test for Cryptosporidiumlf
31
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
I saw a scary program on Cryptosporidium on Dateline that said that this
microorganism is in drinking water all over the country What should I do?
Can you send me any information about the hazards/health risks of
Cryptosporidium')
Will boiling the water kill Cryptosporidium'* What about water filters; will any of
these devices take out this microorganism'? Do you have any publications on how
the water is treated to protect it from other types of microorganisms and/or
bacteria7
I have (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting spells, skin rash, allergy to dairy products,
various other conditions), could this be caused by Cryptosporidium? If I had these
symptoms before but are not experiencing them now, is there any way I can tell if
they were caused by Cryptosporidium''
I have (AIDS, cancer, had a transplant, otherwise have a weakened immune
system); what should I do to protect myself from Cryptosporidium?
From the Regulated Community:
What types of water systems have to comply with the Surface Water Treatment
Rule? What types of contaminants are regulated? What dates did systems have
to start following these regulations?
What are the criteria for avoiding filtration under this rule? What are the
requirements for systems that do filter? What are the filtration technologies listed
in the rule? Can alternative technologies be used?
How do systems inactivate/remove Giardia lamblia? To what level do they do
this? How about viruses?
What factors are considered when a water system disinfects water? What kinds of
disinfectants can be used? What is a CT value? How is the residual disinfectant
concentration measured? What is this level?
How does turbidity fit into this rule?
When will the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule be promulgated?
How long is the comment period for the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule?
Where can I send in my comments? Can I fax them to EPA?
I heard that the public meetings for the proposed Enhanced SWTR were changed
When are the new dates? Where are the meetings'' Do I have to register
beforehand? What should I do if I want to make a presentation at one of the
meetings9
I am calling from a local health department/I am a health care provider, and I have
heard about Cryptosporidium in drinking water. Does EPA have a Health Advisory
for Cryptosporidium, and if so, how can I obtain a copy? Can you fax me a copy?
32
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
TOTAL COLIFORM RULE
From the Public:
I heard on the news that my water system is infected with 'cauliflowers7' What is
this infection, and what is my system doing to get them out of my drinking water?
I had my well tested, and the laboratory said it has fecal and total coliforms. How
is fecal coliform different from total conform? What are the health effects of these
coliforms? What can I do to get rid of them?
From the Regulated Community:
What is the MCL for total coliform? How about E. coin
My system takes samples per month, and we detected total coliforms in _
_ of them. Are'we in compliance with the rule? If we are out of compliance, what
do we have to do?
My system is an NTNC that uses ground water sources and serves people
How many samples do I have to take per month? Can I reduce my monitoring
frequency? Where do I sample?
My system is a CWS which uses surface water sources (I also don't filter under the
SWTR), and I serve persons. How many samples do I have to take? Can
I reduce my monitoring frequency? Are there any other requirements I should be
aware of?
What are the BATs for coliforms? Do we have to use a BAT to treat the water for
coliforms?
If my CWS takes 4 initial samples per month for total coliforms and I detect its
presence in two samples, what are my repeat total coliform monitoring
requirements9 Where do I have to take them? How about fecal coliform?
If my system exceeds a total coliform MCL, when do I have to notify my users9
How about if it exceeds a fecal coliform MCL?
33
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
SECTION IV
COMMONLY REQUESTED DOCUMENTS
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
SECTION IV
COMMONLY REQUESTED DOCUMENTS BY SUBJECT
BACKGROUND
Is Your Drinking Water Safe?
(EPA 810/F-94-002, dated May 1994)
Citizen Monitoring: Recommendations to Public Water Supply Systems
(EPA 570/9-90-005. dated April 1990)
Safe Drinking Water Hotline Fact Sheet
(EPA 812/F-93-001. dated February 1993)
Manual of Small Public Water Systems
(NTIS PB92-117936, dated May 1991. $19.50)
BOTTLED WATER
BoWed Water: Helpful Facts and Information
(EPA 570/9-90-GGG, dated September 1990)
BoWed Water Fact Sheet
(unnumbered, dated March 1991)
DISINFECTANTS/DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (D/DBP)
Status on Disinfection Byproducts Regulatory Negotiation
(EPA 811/F-93-001, dated August 1993)
Fact Sheet on Water Chlorination
(EPA 822/F-92-100, dated July 1992)
Water Treatment Plant Model for MS-Windows 3.1, Version 1.55
(unnumbered, undated)
Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Proposed Rule
(EPA 811/Z-94-004. dated July 29. 1994)
GROUND WATER DISINFECTION RULE
Possible Requirements of the Ground Water Disinfection Rule
(EPA 570/9-91-900. dated June 20,1991)
Ground Water Disinfection Rule Draft
(ERIC G-202, dated July 22. 1992. $8 50)
34 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
HEALTH ADVISORIES
Cryptosporidium Health Advisory
(unnumbered, dated December 1993)
Drinking Water Regulations and Health Advisories
(822/R-94-001, dated May 1994)
HOME WATER TREATMENT UNITS
Home Water Treatment Units: Filtering Fact from Fiction
(EPA 570/9-90-HHH. dated September 1990)
FTC: Buying a Home Water Treatment Unit
(unnumbered, dated August 1989)
HOUSEHOLD WELLS
Citizen Monitoring: Recommendations to Household Well Users
(EPA 570/9-90-006. dated April 1990)
Drinking Water from Household Wells
(EPA 570/9-90-013, dated September 1990)
Environmental Fact Sheet: Lead Leaching from Submersible Pumps
(EPA 747/F-94-001. dated April 1994, Second Printing dated May 1994)
INFORMATION COLLECTION RULE (ICR)
Information Collection Proposed Rule
(EPA 811/Z-94-002. dated February 1994)
ICR Analytical Methods Guidance Manual: Public Comment Draft
(NTIS PB94-154077, dated January 1994, $2700)
LCCA/LEAD BAN
Lead Ban: Preventing the Use of Lead in PWS & Plumbing Used for DW
(Federal Register, dated October 1987)
Lead Contamination Control Act
(EPA 570/9-89-AAA, dated July 1989)
Lead in School Drinking Water
(EPA 570/9-89-001. dated January 1989)
Lead in School Drinking Water Coolers Fact Sheet
(EPA 810/F-90-021, dated February 1990)
35 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
LEAD AND COPPER RULE
Lead in Your Drinking Water
(EPA 810/F-93-003, dated June 1993)
Lead and Copper Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91-400, dated June 1991)
Lead and Copper Final Rule
(570/9-91-032, which includes the final rule~56 FR 26460, dated June 7, 1991-and two technical
corrections~56 FR 32112, dated July 15. 1991 and 57 FR 28785. dated June 29, 1992)
Lead and Copper Rule Technical Corrections
(59 FR 33860, dated June 30,1994)
Lead in Drinking Water in Schools and Non-Residential Buildings
(EPA 812/B-94-002, dated April 1994)
Sampling for Lead in Drinking Water in Nursery Schools and Daycare Facilities
(EPA 812/B-94-003, dated April 1994)
PHASE I RULE
Volatile Organic Chemicals
(EPA 570/9-89-EEE, undated)
Volatile Organic Chemicals Rule - Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91-026FS, undated)
Phase I Final Rule
(52 FR 25690, dated July 8, 1987)
PHASE II RULE
P/iase//FacfS/jeef
(EPA 570/9-91-027FS, dated September 1991)
Phase II Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9091-044, undated)
Phase II Final Rule
(56 FR 3526, dated January 30, 1991)
Phase ll-b Final Rule
(56 FR 30266. dated July 1. 1991)
Consolidated Regulations for the Chemical Phases
(EPA 812/D-94-001. dated April 1994)
36 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
PHASE V RULE
Phase V Fact Sheet
(EPA 811/F-92-001. dated May 1992)
Phase V Final Rule
(EPA 811/Z-92-002. dated July 17. 1992)
PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
Public Notification: Reporting Violations of Drinking Water Standards
(EPA 570/9-89-CCC. dated August 1989)
Public Notification for Public Water Systems
(EPA 570/9-89-006. dated December 1989)
Manual for Public Notification for Operators of Small Water Systems (Draft)
(EPA 812/P-93-001. dated 1993)
RADIONUCLIDES
Radionuclides in Drinking Water Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91-700, dated June 1991)
Radionuclides Proposed Rule
(56 FR 33050. dated July 18. 1991)
Report to the U.S. Congress on Radon in Drinking Water A Multimedia Risk & Cost
Assessment of Radon
(EPA 811/R-94-001. dated March 1994)
RESTRUCTURING/MOBILIZATION
Restructuring Manual
(EPA 570/9-91-035. dated December 1991)
Helping Small Systems Comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act: The Role of
Restructuring
(EPA 812/K-92-001. dated September 1992)
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
7776 SDWA: A Pocket Guide to the Requirements for Small Water Systems
(EPA 812/K-93-001. dated June 1993)
Pocket Sampling Guide for Operators of Small Water Systems
(GPO 055-000004234, dated August 1992. $10 00)
37 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 141-143
(NTIS PB94-154960, dated July 1, 1993, $2700)
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986
(EPA 570/B-91-042, dated 1986)
Technical and Economic Capacity of States and Public Water Systems to
Implement Drinking Water Regulations (Chafee Report to Congress)
(EPA 810/R-93-001, dated September 1993)
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Fact Sheet
(EPA 810/F-94-001a, dated February 1994)
SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Guidance for Nuisance Contaminants
(EPA 810/K-92-001, dated July 1992)
Secondary Drinking Water Standards - Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91-019FS. dated September 1991)
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE
Surface Water Treatment Rule Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91-300, dated June 1991)
Surface Water Treatment Final Rule
(54 FR 27486, dated June 29,1989)
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Proposed Rule
(EPA 811/Z-94-003, dated July 29. 1994)
Guidance Manual for Disinfection and Filtration Requirements for Public Water
Systems using Surface Water
(NTIS PB93-222933. $61.50)
STATE LABORATORY CERTIFICATION
Manual for the Certification of Laboratories: Analyzing Drinking Water, Criteria and
Procedures, Questions and Answers
(NTIS PB90-220500. dated April 1990. $17.50)
Change 1 to the Above Manual
(EPA 570/9-90-008A, dated June 1989)
Change 2 to the Above Manual
(EPA 814/B-92-002, dated September 1992)
38 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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TOTAL COLIFORM RULE
Total Coliform Rule Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91-200, dated June 1991)
Total Coliform Final Rule
(54 FR 27545. dated June 29. 1989)
WELLHEAD PROTECTION/GROUND WATER QUALITY
Definitions for the Minimum Set of Data Elements for Ground Water Quality
(EPA 813/B-92-002, dated July 1992)
Protecting the Nation's Ground Water: EPA's Strategy for the 1990's
(NTIS PB92-224765, dated Summer 1991, $19 50)
EPA Strategy for Protecting the Nation's Ground Water in the 1990's: Fact Sheet
(EPA 570/9-91 -011FS, dated 1991)
Citizen's Guide to Ground Water Protection
(EPA 440/6-90-004, dated April 1990)
Why Do Wellhead Protection?
(ERIC 191-D, dated 1991)
OTHER
Science Demonstration Projects in Drinking Water (Grades K-12)
(EPA 570/9-90-007, dated April 1990)
Students' Activity Sheets for Drinking Water Projects
(EPA 810/F-92-003, dated July 1992)
Cross Connection Control Manual
(NTIS PB91-145490, dated 1991)
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Publications
(EPA 810/B-94-001. dated January 1994)
39 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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APPENDIX A
KEY PROGRAM ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
KEY PROGRAM ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS
ACTIVITIES
Revised a Standard Setting Question and Answer Primer and a
Laboratory Certification Question and Answer Primer developed by
the Hotline.
Prepared questions and answers on the health effects of fecal
conforms and nitrates for use by Public Water Systems to answer
questions from the public.
Completed an index to questions and answers presented in Hotline
Monthly Reports from Fiscal Year 1993. The index was included as
Appendix C to the Annual Statistical Report of Hotline Activities
covering Fiscal Year 1993 activities.
Provided feedback to EPA regarding requests for EPA's "Water
Treatment Plant Model" that was discussed during a teleconference
on drinking water disinfectants and disinfection byproducts and may
be used to predict trihalomethane formation.
Compiled statistics on Hotline callers by State for those States in
EPA Region 5. The Hotline compiled these statistics through
December 31, 1993.
Mr. Ron DeCesare, EPID, briefed the Hotline on unregulated
contaminants.
Ms. Anne Stephanos, EPA, briefed the Hotline regarding EPA
pesticide registration contacts that could assist Hotline callers
inquiring about bactericides used in home water filtration units.
Completed a list of annotated publications to include on a list of
publications targeted to local officials.
Assisted answering telephones related to the Boil Water Alert issued
in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.
Completed the Annual Statistical Report of Hotline Activities for Fiscal
Year 1993 draft report.
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2nd Quarter Prepared training materials for a training module on the Lead and
Copper Rule to be held in the Hotline Library.
Mr. Peter Cook, Deputy Director (OGWDW), briefed the Hotline on
upcoming issues in the drinking water program, including
reauthorization of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Ms. Marie Nichols, EPA Contract Specialist, met with Ms. Beth Hall,
Project Officer, Mr. Frank Jackson and Ms. Cherri Harris, LAI, and
Mr. William Rusin, Hotline Manager/LAI, regarding the Hotline
contract and toured the Hotline office.
Developed a one-page fact sheet addressing drinking water issues
of interest to homeowners and home buyers. Some of the topics
addressed in the fact sheet include the applicability of the Federal
drinking water regulations, lead and radon in drinking water,
household or private wells, bottled water and home water treatment
units.
Briefed EPA staff on the Lead and Copper Rule.
Attended conference calls regarding EPA's Information Collection
Rule (ICR) Communication Strategy and Implementation Plan.
Provided comments on EPA's Pocket Sampling Guide for Operators
of Small Water Systems (EPA/814-B-92-001, dated April 1992).
Hotline comments were requested so they could be addressed in the
upcoming second guide covering the Radionuclides, Phase II and
Phase V Final Rules.
Communicated with State drinking water database contacts to verify
names and telephone numbers of contacts to whom the Hotline
could refer Public Water Systems that were incorrectly classified in
Appendix B to the preamble of the proposed Information Collection
Rule (59 FR 6332, dated February 10, 1994).
Prepared answers to EPA-approved questions regarding
exceedances of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
microbiological contaminants.
Revised tables presenting contaminants regulated and proposed for
regulation in drinking water, along with the associated Maximum
Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs), Maximum Contaminant Levels
(MCLs), sources of contamination and potential health effects for
each contaminant.
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Met with Mr. Steve Clark and Ms. Pat Minami, DWSD, regarding
comments on a Drinking Water Standard Setting Question and.
Answer Primer, a publication being developed by the Hotline.
Provided feedback to EPA on the volume and types of calls received
at the Hotline on the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR).
Reviewed a table .of regulatory waivers available under the Safe
Drinking Water Act and EPA's drinking water regulations for
completeness and accuracy.
3rd Quarter Prepared questions and answers on lead leaching from submersible
pumps made of brass or bronze. This piece, along with a fact sheet,
provided information to the public inquiring about a press release by
the Environmental Defense Fund on April 18, 1994.
Prepared answers to EPA-approved questions regarding
exceedances of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
microbiological contaminants.
Completed Draft 5 of the Standard Setting Question-and-Answer
Primer.
Completed a marked up copy of 40 CFR Parts 141 through 143,
including revisions through July 1,1993, reflecting changes made by
the Phase II, Phase lib and Phase V Final Rules.
Placed approximately 150 telephone calls to individuals who left
messages at the Lead Clearinghouse Hotline at 1-800-FYI-LEAD
regarding issues related to lead leaching from submersible well
pumps.
Began documenting test results reported by callers who had their
household water analyzed for lead.
Wrote all new questions received and the answers provided related
to the proposed Information Collection Rule (59 FR 6332, dated
February 10, 1994). The questions and answers were reviewed by
an EPA panel to ensure consistency in the responses made by EPA.
Tracked the status of Safe Drinking Water Act reauthorization bills,
and bills introduced to establish a State Revolving Fund (SRF).
Contacted the State Laboratory Certification Officers in all of the U.S.
States and Territories to verify and update the Hotline contact and
referral list.
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Updated the Hotline contact and referral list for sources outside EPA
by adding new sources, deleting outdated sources and verifying
existing contact information
Completed a revised draft of a Standard Setting Question-and-
Answer Primer.
4th Quarter Ms. Betsy Devlin, ORE, briefed the Hotline on assessing penalties
under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Began reformatting EPA's drinking water regulations.
Completed updating the Hotline's contact and referral list for sources
outside EPA by adding new sources, deleting outdated sources and
verifying existing contact information.
Mr. Peter Shanaghan, OGWDW, briefed the Hotline on small systems
programs.
Provided updates to EPA's Water Supply Guidance Manual reflecting
significant questions with resolved issues covered in the Hotline
Monthly Reports covering the 6-month period from January through
June 1994.
Ms. Mariana Negro and Mr. Kenneth Perkins-Gough, both P1 Level
Information Specialists, commenced the Hotline training program.
Provided verbal and written feedback to EPA regarding the volume
and types of calls received after the Dateline broadcasts addressing
Cryptosporidium in drinking water.
Contacted State Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) offices to
determine which States have drinking water standards that apply to
private, household wells. This task related to a new U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development policy requiring FHA loan
applicants to test private, household wells for all contaminants
monitored by Non-Transient, Non-Community (NTNC) water systems
"in the absence of specific codified state and/or local requirements
for testing individual residential wells."
Addressed comments on a draft version of the Standard Setting
Question and Answer Primer, a publication prepared by the Hotline.
Comments were made by EPA's Office of General Counsel and
Regions IV, VIII and IX.
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FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
APPENDIX B
MONTHLY REPORT HOT TOPICS INDEX
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
MONTHLY REPORT HOT TOPICS INDEX
TOPIC/QUESTION Month 'Yr:Pa
ADDITIVES
How can I receive the list of approved epoxies? Nov '93.12
What are the health effects of alum? May '94:11
Does EPA get involved if a State is using organizations other than NSF International to certify
the safety of additives? JJA1 '94:15
AFFORDABIUTY
How would I be eligible for any grants to upgrade a small Public Water System (PWS)? Nov '93:20
Has EPA published a needs survey with respect to the Safe Drinking Water Act? . . May '94:10
ANALYTICAL METHODS
How were the Minimum Quantitation Limits (MQLs) developed for the National Pesticide Survey
(NPS)? Oct'93-11
What is the definition of Method Detection Limit (MDL)? Oct '93.12
Will EPA ever set a date by which they will no longer accept results for total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs) based on EPA Methods 501.1, 501.2 and 501.3? Nov '93:22
k
What is the EPA-approved analytical method for ultraviolet absorbance? Dec '93:16
What is the EPA-approved method for determining the presence of bromate in drinking water7 . . . Dec '93-17
What is the EPA-approved analytical method for calcium? ... ... . .... ... Dec '93-20
What are EPA's approved analytical methods for cyanide? .. Dec '93 24
What is the EPA-approved method for dioxin? Dec '93 25
What are the Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for antimony, nickel and thallium if a
laboratory uses the Platform Atomic Absorption Method? Dec '93-26
What does MMO-MUG stand for? . . ... Dec '93 31
When will the proposed changes in analytical methods become final? . Jan '94:11
Is there a new version of EPA Method 524.2? Jan '94:12
JJA refers to the Summer 1994 Hotline Monthly Report addressing June, July and August 1994
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Do the EPA-approved analytical methods for lead and copper measure the soluble or insoluble
forms of these contaminants7 Jan'94-17
How are the densities for total and fecal conforms expressed7 . jan '94-23
What is the EPA-approved method for analyzing cyanogen chloride (CNCI)? (ICR) Feb '94 15
What are the new analytical methods for detecting Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporfdium in
drinking water under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)7 Feb'94-16
What method(s) will EPA approve for measuring Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in drinking water? ... Feb '94.17
Has Method 5310B for the determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) been approved yet? . . May '94:12
What is the approved method for C. perfringens^ . .. May'94.12
What is the preservative specified for use with nitrate and nitrite sampling? May '94:15
Can vertical autoclave units be used in certified laboratories? jjA '94.14
When will the rule regarding analytical methods that EPA proposed on December 15, 1993,
be promulgated? ' JJA -g^g
For what analytes are EPA Analytical Methods 551 and 524.2 approved? JJA '94:20
What analytical method is EPA considering for measuring the haloacetic acids [HAAs(5)] in
drinking water? JJA -94-24
Where can I get copies of the analytical methods listed in the Lead and Copper Rule
corrections that were printed in the Federal Register on June 30. 1994? JJA '94 27
Where can I find the proposed analytical method for Cryptosporidium? Sep '94:15
What is the name of EPA Method 555, and how can I obtain a copy of this method? Sep '94:16
Is Method 8240 an EPA-approved method' Sep'94:17
What is a Jackson Candle Turbidity Unit, and how would that convert to Nephelometric
Turbidity Units (NTUs)? Sep .g4:19
APPLICABILITY
What is the date by which a State has to make the determination of which systems using
ground water sources are under the direct influence of surface water? Nov '93:2 T
Is an oil rig considered to be a Public Water System (PWS)7 Jan '94:13
Do the populations served by a system statistics listed in the proposed Information Collection Rule
(59 FR 6332, dated February 10. 1994) include populations served by consecutive systems who
purchase water from another system7 If so, where in the ICR does it say so7 Mar '94:15
Are companies that use water in food-related operations "Public Water Systems" within the
meaning of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)7 ... . . . JJA'9416
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Can we submit the FDA program to EPA for approval of our operation and maintenance
(O&M) program? . . ..... JJA '94.17
What does a Community Water System (CWS) that distills and uses sea water have to monitor
under EPA's drinking water regulations? Sep '94:11
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES (BATs)
Where does it state in the regulations that Public Water Systems (PWSs) must maintain positive
water pressure?. .. Mar '94.18
BOTTLED WATER
How long can we store water that we collect ourselves7 . . Feb '94:12
Is there a new regulation pertaining to allowable lead levels in bottled water? JJA '94:19
DEFINITIONS
What is the definition of Method Detection Limit (MDL)? Oct '93.12
What is EPA's definition of treatment plants" with respect to the total trihalomethanes sampling,
analytical and other requirements of 40 CFR 141.30(a)? Oct '93.12
What is EPA's definition of small, medium and large Public Water Systems (PWSs)? Oct '93:22
What does MMO-MUG stand for? Dec '93:31
What Is the difference between the compliance cycle and the compliance period in the
Standardized Monitoring Framework? Feb '94-21
What is the definition of a sanitary survey? Feb '94.24
How does EPA define "regular" as it relates to the definition of Non-Transient, Non-Community
(NTNC) water systems (which are defined as Public Water Systems that regularly serve at least
25 of the same persons over 6 months per year)? Mar'94:10
What is the definition of enhanced coagulation under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)9 Mar '94:14
What is the definition of a waterbome disease outbreak as used in the public notification
requirements? ... . . ... May '9410
Could you define 90% conversion efficiency? [D/DBP] .JJA '94-22
What does "MX" stand for as it is used in the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP)
Proposed Rule dated July 29. 1994 (59 FR 38668. EPA 811/Z-94-004) . Sep '94:13
What does the term "conditions" mean in reference to the asbestos regulations found at
40 CFR 141 23(b)(5)? Sep '94 16
What constitutes a "foaming agent"? ... .... Sep '94.18
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DISINFECTANTS/DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (D/DBP)
Can I have a copy of the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) model'' . . . . . . Oct '93 14
What are the contaminants that are being considered for regulation under the
Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule9 Nov '93.13
What is the Information Collection Rule (ICR), and when will it be proposed1? Nov'93 14
In what court case was the development of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule
mandated? . . . Nov '93:14
What is the EPA-approved analytical method for ultraviolet absorbance? Dec '93:16
What Is the full citation for the Cantor et al. 1987 study referenced in the EPA document
entitled Fact Sheet on Water Chlorination (dated July 1992)? Dec'93.17
What is EPA's standard for Total Organic Carbon (TOC)? Dec '93:17
What Is the EPA approved method for determining the presence of bromate in drinking water? Dec '93:17
Under the ICR Rule, what are the acceptable densities for fecal and total coliforms in drinking
water? Dec '93:18
For what microorganisms must a Public Water System (PWS) using surface water and serving
over 100,000 people monitor? Dec '93:19
When do Public Water Systems (PWSs) serving between 10,000 and 100,000 users have to
begin monitoring for microbiological contaminants under the ICR' . ... Dec '93:19
What are the proposed total trihalomethane (TTHM) monitoring requirements for a ground
water system that serves less than 10,000 persons? .. Jan '94:14
Does my system have to monitor for disinfection byproducts' [ICR Rule] Jan '94:16
When is the Information Collection Rule (ICR) supposed to be passed, and is this the entirety
of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) regulations' Jan '94:17
What are the proposed monitoring requirements for chlorite under the Disinfectants/
Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule? Feb '94:13
When was chloroform regulated? Feb '94:13
What haloacetic acids are currently being considered for regulation under the upcoming
Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule' Feb '94-14
What is the EPA method for analyzing cyanogen chloride (CNCI)' [ICR] . Feb '94:15
What are the new analytical methods for detecting G/ard/a lamblia and Cryptosporidium in
drinking water under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)' Feb '94:16
What are the criteria for avoiding the disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor removal studies
under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)' . . .. Feb '94:16
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What method(s) will EPA approve for measuring Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in drinking water? . Feb '94:17
I need more information concerning upcoming EPA training sessions on the Information
Collection Rule (ICR) . . .. . . Feb '9417
What are the requirements to be eligible for reduced monitoring for total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (five) (HAAS) under the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts
(D/DBPs) Draft Proposed Rule? Mar'94.11
How are consecutive water systems affected under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:12
r
Do Public Water Systems that want to avoid conducting a disinfection byproduct (DBP)
precursor removal study have to meet all or one of the criteria specified in $141.142 of the
proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:13
What is the definition of enhanced coagulation under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:14
Under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR) (59 FR 6332, dated February 10, 1994),
what monitoring requirements apply to a Public Water System (PWS) that obtains source
water using 100 ground water wells not under the direct influence of surface water? Mar '94:14
Do the "population served by a system" statistics listed in the proposed Information Collection
Rule (59 FR 6332, dated February 10, 1994) include populations served by consecutive
systems who purchase water from another system? If so, where in the ICR does it say so? Mar '94:15
Where do we send our test results? [ICR] Mar '94:15
What type of program is being used for reporting data under the Information Collection Rule
(ICR)? Apr '94:7
Has Method 531 OB for the determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) been approved yet? .... May '94:12
What is the approved method for C. perfringens? May '94.12
For what analytes are EPA Analytical Methods 551 and 524.2 approved? JJA '94:20
What are the effective dates for the different types of Public Water Systems (PWSs) under the
D/DBP Rule? JJA '94:20
Can we use iodine as a disinfectant in a Public Water System (PWS)? JJA '94:20
When and where is EPA conducting public hearings for the Disinfectants/Disinfection
Byproducts (D/DBP) Proposed Rule (59 FR 38668. dated July 29, 1994)? . .JJA '94:21
What is the effective date when the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for TTHMs of
0.10 mg/l will change to 0.080 mg/l? JJA '94:21
Could you define 90% conversion efficiency? JJA '94:22
Will the Information Collection Rule (ICR) be promulgated in September 1994? JJA '94:23
What analytical method is EPA considering for measuring the haloacetic acids [HAAs(5)]
in drinking water? JJA '94.24
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FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for chloral hydrate, and are there any
monitoring requirements for it? . Se .g412
What does "MX" stand for as it is used in the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP)
Proposed Rule dated July 29. 1994 (59 FR 38668. EPA 811 /Z-94-004) Sep'94 13
What are the contaminants proposed for regulation under Stage 1 of the Disinfectants\
Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Proposed Rule and the date Public Water Systems (PWSs)
are expected to monitor for these contaminants? Sep '94-14
DRINKING WATER PRIORITY UST
What is the current status of 1,1-dichloroethane and chloromethane? Dec '93-15
DRIPSS
How can I access Reg-ln-the-Box? JJA -g^g
ENFORCEMENT
Can Public Water Systems (PWSs) use Point-of-Entry (POE) devices to comply with Maximum
Contaminant Levels (MCLs)? Dec -93-27
Can we submit the FDA program to EPA for approval of our operation and maintenance
(O&M) program? JJA -g^
I received a Notice of Violation from EPA Region IV; what do I have to do? [Lead & Copper] JJA '94:28
FLUORIDE
How can I remove fluoride from my tap water? Oct '93-16
GROUNDWATER
How does iron bacteria get into drinking water? Oct'93:17
What is the date by which a State has to make the determination of which systems using
ground water sources are under the direct influence.of surface water? Nov '93:21
Can we use iodine as a disinfectant in a Public Water System (PWS)? JJA -94.20
HEALTH ADVISORIES
What is the cancer classification for tetrachloroethylene (PCE)? Oct '93 21
Why is there a discrepancy between the cancer categories reported in EPA's "Health Advisory"
tables compared to those reported in EPA's IRIS database' Nov '93-15
What does EPA base the uncertainty factor on for NOAEL (No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level)? ... Jan '94:15
What cancer group and health-based standards does EPA have for formaldehyde? Feb '94:14
Were there health advisories prior to 1974' peb .g4 15
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HEALTH EFFECTS
My water is blue-green Is it safe to drink'' . Oct '93-18
Is lead a problem when someone takes a shower7 ..... . Oct '93:19
What is the cancer classification for tetrachloroethylene (PCE)7 . Oct '93:21
What are the health effects of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)? Oct '93.22
What are the safe levels of gasoline in drinking water wells7 [benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene,
xylenes] Dec '93:15
What is the full citation for the Cantor et al. 1987 study referenced in the EPA document
entitled Fact Sheet on Water Chlorination (dated July 1992)? Dec '93:17
Is It possible that Iron in water can be converted into lead in my child's body? Feb '94:18
What are the health effects and monitoring requirements for atrazine? Mar '94:16
How can dinoseb get into drinking water, and what are the health effects associated with
drinking water that is contaminated with dinoseb? Mar '94:17
What is the cancer classification of total trihalomethanes? Apr '94:10
What are the health effects of alum7 May'94:n
Why would EPA consider regulating manganese as a primary drinking water contaminant? JJA '94:29
I have diarrhea and/or an upset stomach, does this mean that I have Ciyptosporidium (usually
pronounced as kryptonite, cryptosporo or some other way) in my water? Sep '94:11
HOME WATER TREATMENT UNITS
I have a Brlta water filtration system Does that remove lead7 Oct'93:16
How can I remove fluoride from my tap water7 .... Oct'93:16
Can Public Water Systems (PWSs) use Point-of-Entry (POE) devices to comply with Maximum
Contaminant Levels (MCLs)? Dec '93:27
INFORMATION COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS (ICR) PROPOSED RULE
What is the Information Collection Rule (ICR), and when will it be proposed? Nov '93:14
What is the date by which a State has to make the determination of which systems using
ground water sources are under the direct influence of surface water? .... Nov '93:21
Under the ICR Rule, what are the acceptable densities for fecal and total coliforms in drinking
water7 % Dec '93.18
When do Public Water Systems (PWSs) serving between 10,000 and 100,000 users have to
begin monitoring for microbiological contaminants under the ICR7 .. .... Dec'93-19
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FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
For what microorganisms must a Public Water System (PWS) using surface water and serving
over 100,000 people monitor7 . ... .... Dec '9319
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for CtyptosporidiunrP Dec '93:29
What are the proposed total trihalomethane (TTHM) monitoring requirements for a ground
water system that serves less than 10.000 persons? . Jan '94:14
Does my system have to monitor for disinfection byproducts'? [ICR Rule) . ... Jan '94:16
When is the Information Collection Rule (ICR) supposed to be passed, and is this the entirety
of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) regulations? Jan '94-17
What are the new analytical methods for detecting Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium in
drinking water under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)? ... Feb'94:16
What are the criteria for avoiding the disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor removal studies
under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Feb '94:16
What method(s) will EPA approve for measuring Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in drinking water? ... Feb '94:17
How are consecutive water systems affected under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:12
Do Public Water Systems that want to avoid conducting a disinfection byproduct (DBP)
precursor removal study have to meet all or one of the criteria specified in 5141 142 of the
proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:13
What Is the definition of enhanced coagulation under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:14
Under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR) (59 FR 6332. dated February 10. 1994),
what monitoring requirements apply to a Public Water System (PWS) that obtains source
water using 100 ground water wells not under the direct influence of surface water? Mar '94-14
Do the populations served by a system statistics listed in the proposed Information Collection Rule
(59 FR 6332, dated February 10, 1994) include populations served by consecutive systems who
purchase water from another system' If so. where in the ICR does it say so? Mar '94:15
Where do we send our test results? [ICR] Mar '94.15
What type of program is being used for reporting data under the Information Collection Rule
(|CR)? Apr '94:7
What Is the cancer classification of total trihalomethanes? Apr '94:10
Has Method 5310B for the determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) been approved yet? .. May '94:12
What is the approved method for C. perfringens1* May '94:12
Will the Information Collection Rule (ICR) be promulgated in September 1994? JJA '94:23
What analytical method is EPA considering for measuring the haloacetic acids [HAAs(5)] in
drinking water? . . .... . , . JJA -94-24
Can two or more Public Water Systems (PWSs) submit a single sample under the Information
Collection Rule (ICR) if they use the same source water and intake points'? JJA '94-24
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FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
We are a water system serving between 10.000 and 100.000 people. Where do we have to take
the samples for Giardia and Cryptosporidium'* . . JJA '94 25
Oo we have to take samples from all of our surface water sources if one of the sources is used
intermittently? [ICRJ . . - JJA '94 25
I have diarrhea and/or an upset stomach, does this mean that I have Cryptosporidium (usually
pronounced as kryptonite, cryptosporo or some other way) in my water? .... Sep '94-11
Where can I find the proposed analytical method for Cryptosporidium? Sep '94.15
What are the health effects of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)? Oct '93:22
LABORATORY CERTIFICATION
How can a laboratory get certified to analyze dioxin in drinking water? Dec '93:25
Can vertical autoclave units be used in certified laboratories? JJA '94:14
LEAD AND COPPER RULE
I have a Brita water filtration system. Does that remove lead? Oct '93:16
My water is blue-green. Is it safe to drink? Oct '93.18
Is lead a problem when someone takes a shower? Oct '93:19
How do you take lead service line samples7 Oct'93 19
Is the calibration of a pH electrode for pH testing under the Lead and Copper Final Rule and
based on information in EPA's Lead and Copper Guidance Manual optional or mandatory? Nov '93:15
When do I start public education for lead? Nov '93:16
What is the EPA approved analytical method for calcium? Dec '93-20
When identifying target sample sites for the Lead and Copper Rule, do the lead service lines
have to be installed after 1982 to qualify as Tier 1 sites? Dec '93:21
What is my 90th percentile sample? Dec '93:21
Where does it state in the regulations that there is an action level and no longer a Maximum
Contaminant Level (MCL) for lead? Jan '94:17
Do EPA-approved analytical methods for lead and copper measure the soluble or insoluble
forms of these contaminants? .-.. Jan '94.17
I need more information on corrosion control Jan '94:18
When can we go to reduced monitoring? . Jan '94.19
Is it possible that iron in water can be converted into lead in my child's body9 Feb'94:18
Do we have to perform corrosion control studies9 . . .... . Feb '94-19
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How do I calculate the 90th percentile for 5 samples? ... ... . Mar'94-16
Do we have to perform corrosion control studies9 . . . Apr '94.8
At what level is lead regulated in private wells? . . Apr '94:9
What is the sampling protocol for lead testing? (submersible pumps] . Apr '94-10
How do we get equilibrium constants for the carbonate-water system mentioned in Appendix A.
page A-5 of the Lead and Copper Rule: Guidance Manual, Volume II (EPA 811/B-92-002, dated
September 1992)? May '94:14
Why do we have to do more monitoring after the second round of monitoring when our
lead levels were below the lead action level? . . . May '94:14
Is there a new regulation pertaining to allowable lead levels in bottled water? jjA '94 19
Where can I get copies of the analytical methods listed in the Lead and Copper Rule
corrections that were printed in the Federal Register on June 30, 1994? JJA '94:27
I received a Notice of Violation from EPA Region IV; what do I have to do? JJA '94:28
Does a Public Water System (PWS) have to continue testing for water quality parameters
when it exceeds the lead action level during the first round of monitoring and during its second
round of consecutive monitoring? . Sep '94:15
LEADBAN
Is there lead in my faucet? Oct '93:14
Do faucets fall under the Lead Ban' Dec '93:20
I would like more information on the lawsuit against these four manufacturers, [submersible
pumps] Apr '94:9
How were plumbers and manufacturers notified of the Lead Ban of 1986? ... ... . May '94:13
Can you tell me about the court case in California? [submersible pumps] May '94:16
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for lead, and if my water tests positive for lead,
what brand of pump can I use to replace the existing pump? May '94:17
How do I take the test for lead' [submersible pumps] May '94:18
MCLs
When did the current Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
become effective? . ... ... Qct '93:13
Is there a Maximum Contaminant Level for iodine7 . < NOV '93:11
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What are the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWRs). and what
contaminants were regulated under the NIPDWRs9 Nov '93:12
What are the safe levels of gasoline in drinking water wells7 [benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene,
xylenes] ... Dec '93 15
What is EPA's standard for Total Organic Carbon (TOC)9 . . . . ...Dec'93'17
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for acrylamide? Dec '93.22
Can PWSs use POE devices to comply with Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)? . Dec '93:27
What is the current standard for radon in water? ... Dec '93:28
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cryptosporidium'* Dec '93:29
Where does it state in the regulations that there is an action level and no longer a Maximum
Contaminant Level (MCL) for lead? Jan '94:17
What was the basis for setting the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for methoxychlor? Jan '94:19
What haloacetic acids are currently being considered for regulation under the upcoming
Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule? Feb '94:14
Have we violated the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for ethylene dibromide (EDB)? Feb '94:21
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for lead, and if my water tests positive for lead,
what brand of pump can I use to replace the existing pump? .. May'94:17
Why isn't DDT regulated? JJA '94-29
What can you tell me about hexazinone? . ... JJA '94:30
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for chloral hydrate, and are there any
monitoring requirements for it? . Sep '94:12
MCLGs
How was the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for chromium developed7 Feb '94:19
MISCELLANEOUS
Where does it state in the regulations that Public Water Systems (PWSs) must maintain positive
water pressure? . ... . ... . . Mar '94:18
Has EPA published a needs survey with respect to the Safe Drinking Water Act7 May '94:10
MOBILIZATION
How would I be eligible for any grants to upgrade a small Public Water System (PWS)? . .. Nov '93-20
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MONITORING
How do you take lead service line samples' . .Oct '93 19
What are the differences between the compositing requirements for the organic chemicals
found in 40 CFR 141 24(h)(lO) and for those listed in 40 CFR 141 24(0(14)? .. . .Oct'93 20
Do we have to monitor for the contaminants listed under Phases I, II and V? Qct '93 21
What is the trigger level for monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)? Oct '93:22
I have a Transient, Non-Community water system (TNC). What contaminants do I have to
monitor under the Safe Drinking Water Act? Oct '93-25
What are the requirements for asbestos monitoring'? Nov .93:16
Our Public Water System (PWS) was required to increase the monitoring frequency for nitrate
after our water system violated the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for nitrate. When can
we return to our previous monitoring frequency? Ncv '93-18
Who is the Public Water System (PWS) required to notify of its sodium monitoring results? Nov '93:21
For what microorganisms must a Public Water System (PWS) using surface water and serving
over 100,000 people monitor? na_ .QQ.1Q
'""'lit....... ^tf\s «yOi 1*7
When do Public Water Systems (PWSs) serving between 10,000 and 100,000 users have to
begin monitoring for microbiological contaminants under the ICR? Dec '93-19
When identifying target sample sites for the Lead and Copper Rule, do the lead service lines
have to be installed after 1982 to qualify as Tier 1 sites? Dec '93-21
What is my 90th percentile sample? Dec -93-21
What are the compositing requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act? Dec '93:23
What are the monitoring requirements for cyanide? ... . Dec '93-23
What are the repeat monitoring requirements for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) under
EPA's Standardized Monitoring Framework (SMF)? Dec -93.25
What are the monitoring requirements for sodium? Dec '93-29
If my system has two coliform-positive samples, how many repeat samples do we have to take? . . Dec '93:30
Where are samples to be collected for total coliform monitoring? ... . Dec '93:31
What are the proposed total trihalomethane (TTHM) monitoring requirements for a ground
water system that serves less than 10,000 persons? Jan'94-14
Who has to monitor for TTHMs? . tan <«.««;
* ** ....... . Udll «7*v. IO
Does my system have to monitor for disinfection byproducts? [ICR Rule]-. Jan'94.16
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When can we go to reduced monitoring9 [L & C] . . . -Jan '93:19
What are the increased monitoring requirements for nitrate'' Jan '94 20
What are the proposed monitonng requirements for chlorite under the Disinfectants/Disinfection
Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule1? Feb '94:13
Do we have to perform corrosion control studies7 Feb '94-19
What is the difference between the compliance cycle and the compliance period in the
Standardized Monitoring Framework? Feb '94:21
What are the monitoring requirements for radionuclides? Feb '94:22
I am a Community Water System (CWS) with 6,000 connections: how many samples per month
should I take to satisfy the Total Coliform Rule? Feb '94:23
What are the requirements to be eligible for reduced monitoring for total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (five) (HAAS) under the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts
(D/DBPs) Draft Proposed Rule? Mar '9*11
Under the proposed Information Collection Rule (ICR) (59 FR 6332, dated February 10, 1994),
what monitoring requirements apply to a Public Water System (PWS) that obtains source water
using 100 ground water wells not under the direct influence of surface water? Mar '94:14
Where do we send our test results? [ICR] Mar '94.15
What are the health effects and monitoring requirements for atrazine? Mar '94:16
Do we have to perform corrosion control studies? [L&C] Apr '94:8
What is the sampling protocol for lead testing? [submersible pumps] Apr '94:10
Why do we have to do more monitoring after the second round of monitoring when our lead
levels were below the lead action level? May '94 14
I would like to know why EPA needlessly requires monitoring of this stuff? [DBCP] . . . May'94-15
Can two or more Public Water Systems (PWSs) submit a single sample under the Information
Collection Rule (ICR) if they use the same source water and intake points? JJA '94:24
We are a water system serving between 10,000 and 100,000 people. Where do we have to take
the samples for Giardia and C/ypfosporibYu/n? JJA '94-25
Do we have to take samples from all of our surface water sources if one of the sources is used
intermittently? [ICR] JJA >94:25
What is the sampling location for trichloroethylene for a groundwater system? . . .... JJA '94:28
What does a Community Water System (CWS) that distills and uses sea water have to monitor
under EPA's drinking water regulations? .Sep'94.11
I
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for chloral hydrate, and are there any
monitoring requirements for it? ... Sep'94:12
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What are the contaminants proposed for regulation under Stage 1 of the Disinfectants/
Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Proposed Rule and the date Public Water Systems (PWSs)
are expected to monitor for these contaminants9 . Sep'94.14
Does a Public Water System (PWS) have to continue testing for water quality parameters when
it exceeds the lead action level during the first round of monitoring and during its second round
of consecutive monitoring? . . . Sep '94:15
What does the term "conditions" mean in reference to the asbestos regulations found at
40 CFR 141.23(b)(5)? . Sep '94-16
Can we count our repeat samples toward our monthly routine requirements? [Total Coliform] Sep '94:19
NATIONAL INTERIM PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS (NIPDWRs)
What are the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWRs), and what
contaminants were regulated under the NIPDWRs? . Nov '93:12
What was the basis for setting the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for methoxychlor? Jan '94:19
NATIONAL PESTICIDE SURVEY
How were the Minimum Quantitation Limits (MQLs) developed for the National Pesticide Survey
(NFS)? Oct'93:11
NITRATES
Our Public Water System (PWS) was required to increase the monitoring frequency for nitrate
after our water system violated the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for nitrate. When can
we return to our previous monitoring frequency? Nov '93.18
r1
What are the increased monitoring requirements for nitrate? Jan '94:20
What is the preservative specified for use with nitrate and nitrite sampling? May '94:15
NON-TRANSIENT, NON-COMMUNITY (NTNC) WATER SYSTEMS
Do we have to monitor for the contaminants listed under Phases I, II and V? Oct '93:21
Is an oil rig considered to be a Public Water System (PWS)' . Jan '94:13
How does EPA define "regular" as it relates to the definition of Non-Transient, Non-Community
(NTNC) water systems (which are defined as Public Water Systems that regularly serve at least
25 of the same persons over 6 months per year)? . . Mar '94.10
PHASE /, // AND V RULES
What are the differences between the compositing requirements for the organic chemicals
found in 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10) and for those listed in 40 CFR 141.24(0(14)? Oct '93:20
Do we have to monitor for the contaminants listed under Phases I. II and V? Oct '93:21
t
What is the cancer classification for tetrachloroethylene (PCE)? . Oct '93-21
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What is the trigger level for monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)7 . . . Oct '93-22
What are the requirements for asbestos monitoring7 .. . Nov '93.16
Our Public Water System (PWS) was required to increase the monitoring frequency for nitrate
after our water system violated the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for nitrate When can
we return to our previous monitoring frequency7 .... Nov '93 18
What are the safe levels of gasoline in drinking water wells? [benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene,
xylenes] .... . . Dec '93-15
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for acrylamide? Dec '93 22
What are the compositing requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act? Dec '93:23
What are the monitoring requirements for cyanide7 Dec '93:23
What are EPA's approved analytical methods for cyanide? .. Dec '93*24
What is the EPA-approved method for dioxin? Dec '93:25
How can a laboratory get certified to analyze dioxin in drinking water? Dec '93.25
What are the Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for antimony, nickel and thallium if a laboratory
uses the Platform Atomic Absorption Method9 Dec '93:26
What are the repeat monitoring requirements for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) under
EPA's Standardized Monitoring Framework (SMF)? Dec '93:26
Is there a new version of EPA Method 524.2' Jan'94:12
Can you tell me the Performance Evaluation (PE) criteria for cyanide? Jan '94-19
What are the increased monitoring requirements for nitrate? Jan '94-20
How was the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for chromium developed? Feb '94.19
Have we violated the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)7 . ... Feb '94 21
What are the health effects and monitoring requirements for atrazine? Mar '94:16
How can dinoseb get into drinking water, and what are the health effects associated with drinking
water that is contaminated with dinoseb? Mar '94.17
What is the preservative specified for use with nitrate and nitrite sampling? ... May '94.15
I would like to know why EPA needlessly requires monitoring of this stuff? [DBCP] May'94.15
What is the sampling location for trichloroethylene for a groundwater system? JJA '94 28
What does the term "conditions" mean in reference to the asbestos regulations found at
40 CFR 141 23(b)(5)? Sep '94.16
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What is the name of EPA Method 555. and how can I obtain a copy of this method9 . ... Sep '94:16
Is Method 8240 an EPA-approved method7 . Sep '94.17
PHASE Vlb
Why would EPA consider regulating manganese as a primary drinking water contaminant? .... JJA '94.29
PRIMACY
How many Indian Tribes have Primacy under the Safe Drinking Water Act? . . Mar '94:17
PUBLICATIONS
Do you have information in Spanish? ... Mar '9411
May I order a copy of Technologies for Upgrading Existing or Designing New Drinking Water
Treatment Facilities'? Sep '94:10
PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
When do I start public education for lead? Nov '93:16
Who is the Public Water System (PWS) required to notify of its sodium monitoring results? Nov '93:21
What language should I use? [arsenic] . Dec '93:27
Do I notify the public? [unregulated contaminants] Dec '93:31
What is the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak as used in the public notification
requirements? May '94.10
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS (PWS)
What is EPA's definition of small, medium and large Public Water Systems (PWSs)? Oct '93:22
How would I be eligible for any grants to upgrade a small Public Water System (PWS)? Nov '93:20
How are consecutive water systems affected under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)? Mar '94:12
Are companies that use water in food-related operations "Public Water Systems" within the
meaning of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)? . . . . . JJA'94-16
Where in the safe drinking water regulations does it state that a PWS needs a certified operator? . JJA '94:17
RADIONUCLIDES
When will the Radionuclides Rule be promulgated? .... . Oct '93-23
The laboratory which tested my well for radon reported the level in mg/l. How much is that in
pCi/l? . . ,. Oct '93:24
What is the current standard for radon in water? ... .. . . Dec '93'28
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What are the monitoring requirements for radionuclides9 ..... . . . . Feb '94-22
/
Will the Radionuclides Final Rule apply to private wells' . . , ...... Sep '94:17
REAUTHORIZATION
What is the status of the two bills in Congress which would reauthorize the Safe Drinking
Water Act? ....................... Nov '93:19
RULEMAKING SCHEDULE
When did the current Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
become effective' ....................... ...... Oct '93-13
When will the Radionuclides Rule be promulgated? . . .... ..... Oct '93:23
What is the Information Collection Rule (ICR). and when will it be proposed? ............. Nov '93:14
In what court case was the development of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule
mandated? [[[ Nov '93:14
What is the case number for the law suit whereby EPA was sued regarding the sulfate rule? ....... Jan '94:11
When is the Information Collection Rule (ICR) supposed to be passed, and is this the entirety of
the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) regulations? ...... ............ Jan '94:17
When was chloroform regulated? .............................. Feb '94:13
When will the rule regarding analytical methods that EPA proposed on December 15, 1993, be
promulgated?
What are the effective dates for the different types of Public Water Systems (PWSs) under the
D/DBP Rule?
When and where is EPA conducting public hearings for the Disinfectants/Disinfection
Byproducts (D/DBP) Proposed Rule (59 FR 38668, dated July 29. 1994)' . . . . . JJA '94:21
What is the effective date when the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for TTHMs of
0.10 mg/l will change to 0.080 mg/l? .............. ...... JJA '94:21
Is the date correct for the comment period for the ESWTR published in the July 29,1994
Federal Register? ................................................ JJA >94:23
Will the Information Collection Rule (ICR) be promulgated in September 1994? ........ JJA '94:23
What are the contaminants proposed for regulation under Stage 1 of the Disinfectants/
Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Proposed Rule and the date Public Water Systems (PWSs)
are expected to monitor for these contaminants? .. . . . . ...... Sep '94.14
Will the Radionuclides Final Rule apply to private wells? ................. Sep '94.17
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SDWA
What is the status of the two bills in Congress which would reauthorize the Safe Drinking Water
Act? Nov '93-19
SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
What are the concerns about manganese in drinking water? Jan '94:20
What constitutes a "foaming agent"7 Sep '94.18
SOFTWARE
Where can I obtain a copy of the EPANET software package? Dec '93-14
What type of program is being used for reporting data under the Information Collection Rule (ICR)? .. Apr '94:7
How can I access Reg-in-the-Box9 . jjA '94:19
Can you tell me how to get the wellhead protection model called WHPA 2:2' Sep '94'20
SLATE SPECIFIC
Where in the safe drinking water regulations does it state that a PWS needs a certified operator? JJA '94.17
SULFATE
What is the case number for the law suit whereby EPA was sued regarding the sulfate rule? Jan '94.11
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE (SWTR)
For what microorganisms must a Public Water System (PWS) using surface water and serving
over 100,000 people monitor? Dec '93:19
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cryptosporidiuml Dec '93:29
How are the CT values for UV inactivation expressed? Dec '93 30
Is turbidity monitoring required after the deadlines set in the regulations? .Jan '94:21
Is there any EPA regulation that requires the visual inspection of water towers' Jan '94:22
What is the approved method for C. perfringens? May'94-12
Is the date correct for the comment period for the ESWTR published in the July 29.1994
Federal Registert jjA -94.23
We are a water system serving between 10.000 and 100.000 people. Where do we have to take
the samples for Giardia and Cryptosporidium^ JJA '94:25
Do we have to take samples from all of our surface water sources if one of the sources is used
intermittently'? , JJA -94-25
I have diarrhea and/or an upset stomach, does this mean that I have Ciyptospondium (usually
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pronounced as kryptonite. cryptosporo or some other way) in my water? Sep '94:11
Where can I find the proposed analytical method for Cryptosporidium'* . Sep '94-15
What is a Jackson Candle Turbidity Unit, and how would that convert to Nephelometric
Turbidity Units (NTUs)? . . Sep '94.19
TOTAL COUFORMS
Under the ICR Rule, what are the acceptable densities for fecal and total coliforms in drinking
water? Dec '93.18
For what microorganisms must a Public Water System (PWS) using surface water and serving
over 100,000 people monitor? Dec '93:19
If my system has two coliform-positive samples, how many repeat samples do we have to take? . .. Dec '93:30
Where are samples to be collected for total coliform monitoring? Dec '93:31
What does MMO-MUG stand for? Dec '93:31
Where In the Code of Federal Regulations does EPA require sanitary surveys'' . . Jan '94:21
How are the densities for total and fecal coliforms expressed Jan '94:23
I am a Community Water System (CWS) with 6,000 connections; how many samples per month
should I take'to satisfy the Total Coliform Rule? Feb '94:23
What is the definition of a sanitary survey? Feb '94:24
Where does it state in the regulations that Public Water Systems (PWSs) must maintain positive
water pressure? Mar '94:18
Can we count our repeat samples toward our monthly routine requirements7 Sep '94:19
TTHMs
When did the current Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
become effective7 Oct '93:13
What are the health effects of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)? Oct '93:22
What are the contaminants that are being considered for regulation under the Disinfectants/
Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule? . . . . Nov'93:13
Will EPA ever set a date by which they will no longer accept results for total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs) based on EPA Methods 501.1, 501.2 and 501.3? Nov '93-22
Is there a new version of EPA Method 524.2? Jan '94:12
What are the proposed total trihalomethane (TTHM) monitoring requirements for a ground water
system that serves less than 10,000 persons7 >. ' . . . . .. Jan'94:14
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Who has to monitor for TTHMs7 . . . .... ... Jan '94:15
When was chloroform regulated7 . . Feb '94.13
What are the requirements to be eligible for reduced monitoring for total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (five) (HAAS) under the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts
(D/DBPs) Draft Proposed Rule? . . Mar '94:11
What is the cancer classification of total trihalomethanes7 .... . Apr '94:10
For what analytes are EPA Analytical Methods 551 and 524.2 approved? .... . JJA '94:20
What is the effective date when the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for TTHMs of
0.10 mg/l will change to 0.080 mg/l? JJA '94:21
TRANSIENT, NON-COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS
I have a Transient. Non-Community water system (TNC). What contaminants do I have to
monitor under the Safe Drinking Water Act7 Oct '93:25
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
What should the pore size be in a cartridge filter? Nov '93:10
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for acrylamide? Dec '93:22
Does EPA get involved if a State is using organizations other than NSF International to certify
the safety of additives7 JJA '94:15
Could you define 90% conversion efficiency? [D/DBP] JJA '94:22
May I order a copy of Technologies for Upgrading Existing or Designing New Drinking Water
Treatment Facilities'? Sep '94:10
Could you tell me how ozone can be used to disinfect water? Sep '94:13
TURBIDITY
Is turbidity monitoring required after the deadlines set in the regulations? Jan '94-21
What is a Jackson Candle Turbidity Unit, and how would that convert to Nephelometric
Turbidity Units (NTUs)? Sep '94 19
UNREGULATED CONTAMINANTS
Do I notify the public? . Dec '93:31
Why isn't DDT regulated7 . ...... .... JJA '94:29
What can you tell me about hexazinone7 . . .... . JJA '94:30
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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Is this water considered hard? . .Feb'94:11
WELLHEAD PROTECTION
Can you tell me how to get the wellhead protection model called WHPA 2.2' . Sep '94:20
WELLS
How does iron bacteria get into drinking water? Oct '93:17
The laboratory which tested my well for radon reported the level in mg/l. How much is that in pCI/l? Oct '93:24
How big should my cistern be? Nov 193:1°
What are the safe levels of gasoline in drinking water wells' [benzene, ethylbenzene. toluene.
xylenes] Dec'93:15
At what level is lead regulated in private wells? APr §94:9
I would like more information on the lawsuit against these four manufacturers, [submersible
pumps] APr>94:9
What is the sampling protocol for lead testing? [submersible pumps] Apr '94:10
Can you tell me about the court case in California? [submersible pumps] May '94:16
What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for lead, and if my water tests positive for lead.
what brand of pump can I use to replace the existing pump? [submersible pumps] May '94:17
How do I take the test for lead? [submersible pumps] MaV '94:18
Will the Radionuclides Final Rule apply to private wells' Sep'94:17
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APPENDIX C
INFORMATION SPECIALIST RESUMES
LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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APPENDIX C
INFORMATION SPECIALSIST RESUMES
William T. Rusin, Project Manager
Mr. Rusin has been an environmental consultant for 12 years. In 1987, Mr. Rusin started
up EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline. From 1985 to 1987, he was deputy director of
EPA's RCRA/Superfund Hotline. He has considerable experience with environmental
regulatory programs addressing all environmental media. His experience spans
regulations developed pursuant to RCRA, CERCLA, the CAA, the CWA, and TSCA. Mr.
Rusin has conducted and reviewed numerous environmental audits for private industry,
and trained technical staff to conduct them. As project manager, Mr. Rusin has
understood clients' needs, managed technical staff, scheduled projects, reviewed
deliverables, and established and tracked project milestones and deadlines.
Mr. Rusin holds a Master of Environmental Science degree from Miami University in
Oxford, Ohio, and a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from the University of Notre
Dame.
Mary Beth Weaver, Senior Information Specialist
Ms. Weaver is an analyst with 4 years experience in information
dissemination/management. Her background includes management, information
dissemination and systems development. In addition to her responsibilities answering
callers' requests at EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline, Ms. Weaver has successfully
completed a variety of special projects. For example, she
Planned and set up the Hotline library;
Trained new hires on EPA's drinking water programs and Hotline protocols;
Developed a Standard Setting Question and Answer Primer for EPA and numerous
other fact sheets and
Reviewed EPA publications in order to ensure accuracy and ease of use.
Prior to her position as Senior Information Specialist with the Hotline, Ms. Weaver
functioned as the Office of Water Librarian at EPA Headquarters Library, where she
familiarized herself with EPA drinking water programs and staff.
Ms. Weaver holds a Masters of Library Science from the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and a Bachelor of Arts in English (cum laude)
from Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
Michael Y. Cross, Senior Information Specialist
Mr. Cross is a Senior Information Specialist at EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline. His
background includes drinking water regulatory support and development, water quality
sampling and analysis experience, data management and genetic toxicology lab
experience. While at the Hotline, Mr. Cross has developed LOTUS spreadsheets and
FOXPRO databases to track Hotline caller statistics and maintain information on
publications and information updates. During Fiscal Year 1995, he will develop an
infobase of Hotline resources using FolioView software that will be used by EPA Regions
and States.
As an Environmental Analyst at EGOS, Inc., Mr. Cross provided regulatory development
support to EPA under its drinking water program. He developed a database concerning
occurrence of drinking water contaminants. Mr. Cross collected data on distribution and
magnitude of occurrence and environmental fate of drinking water contaminants, assisted
in developing criteria for occurrence assessment, authored document summarizing
occurrence information and assisted in database development. He developed a database
containing chemical and physical parameters of drinking water contaminants used for
determining appropriate treatment technology. Mr. Cross drafted a consolidated rule for
implementation of SDWA regulations and performed review of State primacy applications.
Mr. Cross holds an M.S.P.H. in Environmental Science and Engineering from the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and a Bachelor of
Science in Agriculture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Virginia.
Maggie Javdan, Senior Information Specialist
Ms. Javdan, a civil engineer and environmental scientist, provides callers with prompt,
precise and factual assistance regarding established policy, regulations and technical
information associated with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Responsibilities include
researching policy and guidance documents, developing and resolving regulatory issues,
documenting caller regulatory and policy questions and providing additional support to
the program through data analysis and report preparation. Prior to joining LAI, Ms.
Javdan provided policy, regulatory and technical assistance to the regulated community
and to the general public via EPA's Wetlands Protection Hotline.
Ms. Javdan holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
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SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
FY 94 ANNUAL REPORT
Forrest Meader, information Specialist
Mr. Meader was educated as a social scientist and brings a varied background to his
present position. He held a position at the Cancer Information Service helpline at the
National Cancer Institute. As an Interviewer/Researcher for Westat Inc., he worked on
EPA's Hazardous Waste Report helpline where he assisted callers in filling out federal
hazardous waste reports. He recruited EPA focus group members to discuss internal
communication at EPA among EPA professional staff. Mr. Meader is an avid artist and
anthropologist.
Mr. Meader holds a Master of Arts in Anthropology from the University of Arizona, and
a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from the University of Maine.
Mariana Negro, Information Specialist
In her position as a Project Leader with TechLaw, Inc., Ms. Negro provided case
development assistance to EPA, tracked liable parties and maintained evidence profiles
under EPA's Superfund program. Ms. Negro conducted an internship with the American
Petroleum Institute where she researched and responded to information requests from
members. As President and Founder of Meredith College for Environmental Awareness,
she promoted an understanding of environmental issues to the Meredith College
community. Ms. Negro is fluent in Spanish.
Ms. Negro holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Science and Engineering
from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Ms.
Negro successfully completed a Summer program on Spanish Language and Literature
at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
C-3 LABAT-ANDERSON, Inc.
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