UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
EPA-330/T-80-OW
REMOTE SENSING INVESTIGATION
SOLID/LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES
Colorado North Front Range
Adams, Jefferson, Boulder,
and Weld Counties
November 1980
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
Denver, Colorado
&EPA
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
EPA-330/1-80-010
REMOTE SENSING INVESTIGATION
SOLID/LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES
COLORADO NORTH FRONT RANGE
ADAMS, JEFFERSON, BOULDER,
AND WELD COUNTIES
November 1980
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
Denver, Colorado
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CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION 1
II SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2
SUMMARY OF THE SURVEY 2
CONCLUSIONS 3
III RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION 5
FIGURES
1 Colorado North Front Range Location Chart 6
2 Commerce City 7.5 Minute Chart 8
3 Gravel Pit Waste Disposal, Commerce City, Colorado 8
4 Liquid Discharge, Commerce City, Colorado 10
5 Discharge, Sand Creek, Commerce City, Colorado 12
6 Storage Tanks and Drums, Commerce City, Colorado 14
7 Woodbury Chemical, Commerce City, Colorado 16
8 Waste Transport Facility, Adams City, Colorado 18
9 Tanker Truck Facility, Adams City, Colorado 20
10 Arvada 7.5 Minute Chart 22
11 Abandoned Refinery, Adams County, Colorado 22
12 Williams Refinery, Adams County, Colorado 24
13 Aero Oil Facility, Adams County, Colorado 26
14 Storage Tanks, Drums, and Solid Waste, Adams County,
Colorado 28
15 Arvada 7.5 Minute Chart 30
16 Discarded Storage Drums, Arvada, Colorado 30
17 Drums Storage Area, Arvada, Colorado 32
18 Colorado Circuits Facility, Arvada, Colorado 34
19 Colorado Tank Lines, Jefferson County, Colorado 36
20 Abandoned Dairy and Poultry Facility, Jefferson County,
Colorado 38
21 Louisville 7.5 Minute Chart 40
22 Community Ditch, Coal Creek, Boulder County, Colorado. ... 40
23 Marshall Landfill East Leachate Ditch, Boulder County,
Colorado 42
24 Marshall Landfill West Leachate Ditch, Boulder County,
Colorado 44
25 Niwot 7.5 Minute Chart 46
26 Arapaho Chemical Company, Boulder County, Colorado 46
27 Boulder 7.5 Minute Chart 48
28 The Old Boulder Dump, Boulder County, Colorado 48
29 Carter Lake Reservoir and Hygiene 7.5 Minute Charts 50
30 Arapaho Chemical Landfill, Boulder County, Colorado 50
31 Mil liken 7.5 Minute Chart 52
32 Greeley Mil liken Landfill, Spomer Lakes, Weld County,
Colorado 52
33 Platteville and Fort Lupton 7.5 Minute Charts 54
34 The 31 Water Disposal Facility, Weld County, Colorado. ... 54
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I. INTRODUCTION
An aerial survey of solid and liquid waste disposal/holding facilities
along the Colorado North Front Range was conducted Tuesday, July 15, 1980.
The survey covered preselected sites from Commerce City (Adams County)
north to near Greeley (Weld County). The disposal practices at some of
these sites have already been identified as sources of environmental dam-
age. Others have been reported by concerned citizens in the respective
areas.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC), U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted this survey at the request of the
Enforcement Division, Region VIII, EPA.
This investigation was conducted under the authority of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA; PL 94-580) which requires the periodic
inventory and continuing surveillance of industrial, commercial, municipal,
and private facilities in addition to remote sites where hazardous wastes
are disposed. Region Vlll'personnel will use the results of this survey to
perform onsite investigations of each facility as deemed appropriate.
i
The identification of the facilities was provided by a Region VIII
employee on board the aircraft during these surveys.
NEIC employed standard aerial reconnaissance and remote sensing tech-
niques to conduct the survey. Color aerial photographs, exposed with a
70 mm hand-held camera, were obtained from a light aircraft flying about
1,500 ft above ground level. The color photos were basically two types.
One type was a true-color film (red through blue light exposure). The oth-
er type was false-color infrared film exposed with green, red, and near-
infrared light. The blue light normally used in true-color photography was
subtracted out by an appropriate optical filter placed over the camera
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lens. The aerial photographs were recorded on color-reversal film which
produces color transparencies. The transparencies were used during data
analysis in the laboratory. The black-and-white photographs in this report
were reproduced from the color transparencies.
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II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY OF THE SURVEY
The aerial survey was conducted to document on photographic film sev-
eral reportedly uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal sites being evaluated
by Region VIII. This type of survey was requested to aid Region VIII in
its investigations of known and reported uncontrolled, environmentally dam-
aging, hazardous waste disposal practices.
The aerial reconnaissance photographic films were interpreted and ana-
lyzed in the NEIC Remote Sensing Laboratory. Any significant indications*
of the disposal of solid and liquid waste materials are reported. Also,
any significant (visible) environmental effects in the immediate environs
of a disposal site are reported. In a few instances, where no environmen-
tal effects were evident, the respective geographic locations and descrip-
tions of the sites have been reported by request of Region VIII.
The remote sensing data were also reviewed to detect any promiscuous
dumping sites located either within industrial facilities or at remote
sites, and to detect unauthorized disposal of liquid wastes at solid waste
disposal sites. The data were also interpreted for indications such as
surface runoff patterns, surface leachate flow, and damaged or stressed
vegetation in and around disposal sites due to liquid leachate.
Indication - A particular observation derived from the photo interpreta-
tion of the aerial films with respect to spatial or spectral character-
istics.
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CONCLUSIONS
There are 15 indications in the Commerce City area that are concluded
from the interpretive analyses of the respective aerial photo-
graphs:
Dumping of waste materials in abandoned gravel pits
Abandoned storage tanks and drums
Liquid discharge from tanker trucks of possible contaminates onto
the ground
Four separate indications were observed in the area of Federal Blvd.
and West 60th Avenue in southwest Adams County which consisted of:
Storage tanks (status or condition unknown)
Storage drums (status or condition unknown)
Solid waste disposal
Possible pond contamination
Three separate areas in Jefferson County may present contamination of
soiIs:
Storage of a large number of drums (status or condition unknown)
Possible contamination of soils in two locations
There are four waste disposal practices in Boulder County that may
present serious contamination problems and two in Weld County. The Mar-
shall Landfill in Boulder County and its immediate environs are of particu-
lar interest. A culvert-type pipe was observed leading from the landfill's
liquid leachate catch ditch into the Community Ditch irrigation system.
The liquid contents or leachate from the catch ditch appeared to be slowly
draining into the Community Ditch. Also, a white pipe was observed leading
from the catch ditch over Community Ditch onto an adjacent open field which
displayed white bare spots.
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III. RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS
The aerial photography was analyzed in the NEIC Remote Sensing Labora-
tory employing the standard techniques of photo interpretation. The re-
sults of the analysis are documented in this section. The geographic loca-
tions of the significant findings were plotted on the appropriate U.S. Geo-
logical Survey (USGS) 7.5 Minute Charts (Topographical Maps, Scale 1:
24,000). The applicable sections of these charts are reproduced in this
report and properly identified by subtitle and figure number. The alpha-
numeric symbols, printed on each chart in red, correspond to the applicable
discussions on the page opposite each respective aerial photograph. The
photographs also have the alpha-numerics printed in red in addition to
other annotations which are included as an aid to more clearly depict the
observations discussed in the text. The geographic location of each sec-
tion of the orginal 7.5 Minute Charts is depicted on the Colorado Location
Map [Figure 1].
Any significant indications* of the disposal of solid and liquid waste
material, observed in the film, are documented herein along with any signi-
ficant (visible) environmental effects in the immediate environs of a given
disposal site. The laboratory analysis was also conducted so as to detect
any promiscuous dumping located either within industrial facilities or at
remote sites and the unauthorized disposal of liquid wastes at solid waste
disposal sites. The photography was interpreted for indications such as
surface runoff pattern, surface leachate flow, and damaged or stressed veg-
etation in and around disposal sites due to liquid leachate. In a few in-
stances, where no environmental effects were evident, the respective geo-
graphic locations and descriptions of these sites have been documented for
inventory purposes.
Indication - A particular observation derived from the photo interpreta-
tation of the aerial films with respect to spatial or spectral character-
istics .
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Figure 1. Colorado North Front
Range Location Chart
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LOCATION CHART INDEX
KEY CHARTS FIGURES PAGE
A Commerce City 2 8
B Arvada 10,15 22,30
C Louisville 21 40
D Niwot 25 46
E Boulder 25 48
F Carter Lake 29 50
G Hygiene 29 50
H Mi Hi ken 31 52
I Plateville 33 54
J Fort Lupton 33 54
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8
(lyEPA-NEIC
Figure 2. Commerce City
7.5 Minute Chart
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Figure 3. Gravel Pit Waste Disposal
Commerce C/fy, Co/orado
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COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
These indications were observed around the highway interchange of Inter-
state 270 and Vasquez Blvd. [Figure 3].
1A A white powder-appearing substance was observed in this gravel pit.
IB Solid waste had been dumped into this gravel pit. Various-colored
brown and gray substances were also observed on the floor of the
pit.
1C. This pit, with no artificial lining, contained a dark oily liquid with a
brown vegetation, probably dead, floating around the edges. Outside
the security fence around the pit there were seven cylindrical storage
tanks that may be unused.
ID This drainage ditch contained a high level of matted aquatic growth.
IE This gravel pit contained a small level of liquid and some solid waste
was observed.
IF A white solid substance had been dumped into this gravel pit.
1C On the west side of Dahlia Street, an open field area was observed,
where large sections of broken concrete had been dumped. Dark
piles of solid waste were also observed in the same area.
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10
Figure 4. Liquid Discharge
Commerce Cily, Colorado
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11
COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
2 There was a pooling of liquid in this grassy depression. The liquid
appeared to have been drained from the Consolidated Freight truck
terminal concrete pad [Figure 4].
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12
iTS
*ğğ
Figure 5. Discharge, Sand Creek
Commerce City, Colorado
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13
COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
3A A yellow-orange discharge was observed along the south bank of
Sand Creek. A specific outfall could not be located. It may have
been discharged from a vehicle that used the nearby dirt access road
[Figure 5].
3B This facility appears to be an asphalt processing operation.
3C This pit, with no artificial lining, contained a dark liquid. Piles of
solid waste debris were observed at the north end of the pit. Some
solid waste had been graded into the pit. No direct connection to the
asphalt processing facility was observed.
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14
Figure 6. Storage Tanks and Drums
Commerce City, Colorado
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15
COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
4A Numerous drums were piled against four old railroad boxcars and in a
wet, grassy depression. Eleven cylindrical storage tanks of various
sizes were located in an adjacent open area [Figure 6].
4B Nine various-sized cylindrical tanks were located farther to the east
near two separate facilites known as Mains Engineering Corporation
and the Colorado Organic Chemical Company, Inc.
4C Drums were scattered about in this small location.
4D One stack of drums was observed.
4E A large number of neatly segregated drums were observed at this oil
well drilling service facility [Figure 6].
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16
Figure 7. Woodbury Chemical Company
Commerce City, Colorado
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17
COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
5 This fenced area reportedly belongs to the Woodbury Chemical Com-
pany. A light blue tanker trailer truck was observed parked in this
area. There were no storage tanks or drums located in the area at
the time of the surveillance. Northeast at the intersections of 54th
Avenue, Jackson, and Monroe Streets, there were possible drum-
stored chemicals in an open yard south of a building along the north
side of 54th Avenue [Figure 7].
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18
t
Figure 8. Waste Transport Facility
Adams County, Colorado
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19
COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
6 The Waste Transport Co. facility is located along the west side of the
Union Pacific railroad tracks and the intersection of East 72nd Avenue
and Fairfax Drive. A railroad spur enters the facility grounds
through a security gate [Figure 8].
The grounds throughout the north half of the facility had a heavily
oil-stained appearance. At the time of the surveillance, one small
tanker truck, one large tanker trailer truck, and one vertical and
two horizontal cylindrical storage tanks were observed within this
area. Outside the west fenceline there were two small tanker trucks
and one small tanker trailer.
Along the east side of the facility, there was one large building with
a drive-in area for tanker trucks. Behind this building to the south,
there were three small buildings that may have been associated with
the adjacent processing equipment and incinerator.
The south half of the facility had one small tanker trailer and five
white vertical cylindrical storage tanks, two having the GULF Oil
Company logo displayed on the sides. A variety of dicsarded material
was observed in the facility.
The ground between the east fence and the railroad tracks was
stained with a rusty/red and dark brown material.
A dark area between the railroad tracks and Fairfax Drive appeared
to be burned grass.
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20
Figure 9. Tanker Truck Facility
Adams County, Colorado
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21
COMMERCE CITY 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 2]
7 This unnamed facility located in the opposite northeast corner of the
intersection, contained six large tanker trailer trucks, 10 large tank-
er trailers, two tanker trucks, and 10 cylindrical storage tanks of
various sizes lying throughout the yard area. There were a few
drums stacked in the northeast corner behind several of the large
storage tanks. The grounds throughout the facility were heavily
stained with an oil-like substance, particularly at the north end. It
appeared there was discharging of liquids from tankers through the
north security fence gate onto the grounds outside of the facility
[Figure 9].
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..x .......y^c ,*ağ
I "Lr-^ ^V ;<-'"
a J0 rp^ . Ğ
/ . ^"^ , C-v
Figure 10.
Arvada
7.5 Minute Chart
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Figure 11. Abandoned Refinery
Adams County, Colorado
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23
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 10]
8 This reportedly abandoned refinery site is located between the Denver
and Rio Grande Western Railroad tracks and Clear Creek, on the west
side of Federal Blvd. The facility consisted of one small building,
and 10 cylindrical vertical storage tanks of various capacities. The
grounds were dark-stained around these tanks. A dirt road, running
east and west, lay south of the facility. Solid waste was piled behind
the facility near the south bank of Clear Creek [Figure 11].
Two ponds were located to the north of Clear Creek behind a mobile
home sales lot. The north pond contained a muddy-brown liquid and
the larger south pond contained a dark oily-appearing liquid. Trash
was scattered around the edges of both ponds.
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24
Figure 12. Williams Refinery
Adams County, Colorado
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25
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 10]
9 The Williams Refinery is located on the east side of Federal Blvd.,
north of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad tracks, along
West 60th Avenue. At the time of the surveillance there were eight
tanker trucks, one large tanker trailer truck, one tanker trailer, two
tanks that had been removed from truck frames, and approximately 70
cylindrical storage tanks of various capacities lying throughout the
area. An estimated 300 drums were lying in many various-sized piles
within the facility. The soil was heavily stained around the large
storage tanks. A large automobile salvage yard is located adjacent to
the refinery to the east [Figure 12].
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26
Figure 13. Aero Oil Facility
Adams County, Colorado
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27
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 10]
10 The Aero Oil facility is located south of the Denver and Rio Grande
Western Railroad tracks on the west side of Federal Blvd. There
were 10 cylindrical vertical storage tanks of various capacities arid an
estimated 500 drums stacked and scattered throughout the facility.
The grounds were dark-stained around the storage tanks and drums.
Two automobile salvage yards are located adjacent to the north [Fig-
ure 13].
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28
Figure 14. Storage Tanks, Drums and Solid Waste
Adams County, Colorado
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29
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 10]
11 This open field area is located between Clear Creek and the west side
of Federal Blvd., south of the Aero Oil facility. There were an
estimated 400 drums, one tanker trailer, and an estimated 25 cylindri-
cal storage tanks of various capacities. Piles of various solid wastes
and scattered discarded materials were observed farther south in an
adjacent field from the edge of Clear Creek eastward [Figure 14].
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i. \ ;\ , ^-__
' '
,
; >^M--
/ X / //sZ'sst. ' f '
V :
' k "Pra^
Figure 15. Arvada
7.5 M/nu/e Chart
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Figure 16. Discarded Storage Drums
Arvada, Colorado
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31
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 15]
12 Behind the building located at the northwest corner intersection of
Lamar Street and the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad tracks,
there were approximately 100 drums scattered about on the ground.
Piles of probable earthen fill were observed in the open field to the
west [Figure 16].
Along the north side of the railroad tracks, three vertical and two
horizontal storage tanks of various capacities were observed.
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32
Figure 17. Drums Storage Area
Arvac/a, Colorado
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33
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 15]
13 There were an estimated 3,000 drums stored at the northwest fence-
line of this industrial complex. The grounds within the fenced area
were stained and the vegetation along the outside fenceline adjacent
to the drum storage area, appeared to be dead [Figure 17].
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34
Figure 18. Colorado Circuits Facility
Arvada, Colorado
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35
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 15]
14 The Colorado Circuits facility is located on the north side of West
56th Avenue. An open field, north of the four buildings, had a very
low level of vegetative growth. There were bare patches behind a
small shed. Several drums were located around the shed and two of
the main buildings. Ground discolorations were observed along the
west fenceline [Figure 18].
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36
Figure 19. Colorado Tank Lines
Jefferson County, Colorado
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37
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 15]
15 The Colorado Tank Lines facility is located on the west side of Sheri-
dan Blvd. opposite West 73rd Avenue. The grounds on the far west
end of this facility had been saturated with what appeared to be an
oily-liquid substance. There had been repeated vehicle activity
through and around the field [Figure 19].
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38
Figure 20. Abandoned Dairy and Poultry Facility
Jefferson County, Colorado
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39
ARVADA 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 15]
16 There was a heavily-used dirt road leading from the south side of the
Colorado Tank Lines facility across an open field, to an abandoned
dairy and poultry facility [Figure 20]. Three truck tractors in this
area are similar to one located in the Colorado Tank Lines facility.
There was one building that had two tall metal stacks through the
roof. The stacks and a small incinerator were inactive at the time of
the surveillance [Figure 20].
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Figure 21. Louisville
7.5 Minute Chart
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EPA-NEIC
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Figure 22. Community Ditch, Coal Creek
Boulder County, Colorado
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41
LOUISVILLE 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 21]
17 The Marshall Landfill in Boulder County reportedly has developed a
leachate hazard which has contaminated the Community Ditch irrigation
system [Figure 22].
This photograph presents one area where the Community Ditch flows
over Coal Creek. The possibility of cross-flow contamination is
present when either of the water systems overflows.
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42
Figure 23. Marshall Landfill East Leachate Ditch
Boulder County, Colorado
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43
LOUISVILLE 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 21]
18 This photograph [Figure 23] shows the easternmost catch ditch in the
Marshal] Landfill which contained liquid leachate. A culvert-type pipe
was observed leading from the catch ditch and draining its contents
slowly into the Community Ditch irrigation system.
Erosion of the north banks of the closed landfill cell has occurred and
was observed draining into the catch ditch which contained a dark
red/ brown liquid content.
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44
.
Figure 24. Marshall Landfill West Leachate Ditch
Boulder County, Colorado
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45
LOUISVILLE 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 21]
19 This westernmost catch ditch contained a dark gray liquid. Possible
liquid seepage was observed leading from the north embankment of
the closed landfill cells into the catch ditch. There were no obvious
signs of seepage into Community Ditch [Figure 24].
A white pipe was observed leading from the catch ditch over Commun-
ity Ditch onto the open field to the north. This may be for overflow.
The open field had white bare patches containing a solid-appearing
substance.
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Lakt !i t
^=)i' Boulder ,/
[.Municipal il ,f
'21 Airport j
105°15
81 2 080 000 FEET I 1 1230"
21 Ml TO U S J6 ^
Figure 25. Niwot
7.5 M/nufe Chorf
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Figure 26. Arapaho Chemical Company
Boulder County, Colorado
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47
NIWOT 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 25]
20 This open field pond is located west of a chemical facility which
reportedly is the Arapaho Chemical Company. The vegetation along
the north corner and east edge of the pond appears to be under
stress [Figure 26]. The drainage area from the pond to the north,
may be leaching into Boulder Creek. A portion of the vegetation
within the drainage area appeared to be under stress. There was
drainage to the south of the pond into an open grassy field. There
were portions of the field vegetation that may be under stress.
Several bare patches in the field were evident.
An open, unlined pit at the western fenceline contained a small level
of liquid. An estimated 100 drums were stacked near the pit.
A small pond located along the north facility boundary, contained a
dark liquid, and piles of solid waste were scattered about the field
surrounding the pond [Figure 26].
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T. 2 N
T 1 N
/ -8
" UPLANSI ^. AVE ,'
. ',: - 2'30"
"32
Boulder
7.5 M/'nu/e Chart
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Figure 28. The Old Boulder Dump
Boulder County, Colorado
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49
BOULDER 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 27]
21 The Old Boulder Dump is located within a natural intermittent stream
drainage pattern. The landfill material has dammed the flow of sur-
face water, creating a small pond. The potential head pressure of
the pond could force percolation through the landfill material and
carry leachate downstream, possibly as far away as the Boulder
Reservoir [Figure 28].
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-> <
\ \ Qowe
P^s
Figure 29. Carter Lake Reservoir and Hygiene
7.5 Mmufe Charts
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^;^"^;r^v'fe^^:v
'- *
**" ''*.. ,^s^"*f-'
§*
4V <- -^B
MB
-*1.,{:BI,
Ğ.
.
Figure 30. Arapaho Chemical Landfill
Boulder County, Colorado
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51
CARTER LAKE RESERVOIR AND HYGIENE 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 29]
22 The Arapaho Chemical Landfill is located about 4 kilometers (2.5
miles) northeast of Lyons. It lies between two (surface drainage)
intermittent streams which lead southward into Dowe Flats, and to-
ward Knoth Reservoir on the east side of Rabbit Mountain [Figure
30]. No unusual indications were observed.
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Figure 32. Greeley Milliken Landfill, Spomer Lakes
Weld County, Colorado
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Figure 31. Mil liken
7.5 M/nufe C/iorf
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53
MILLIKEN 7.5 MINUTE CHART [Figure 31]
23 The Greeley-Milliken Landfill is located adjacent to the Spomer Lakes.
The southwest embankment of the closed landfill cells was observed to
be within 10 m (9 yd) of the adjacent lakes [Figure 32].
The photographs did not reveal any surface seepage of leachate from
the landfill.
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4Q°07'30"
"39
Figure 33. Platteville and Fort Lupton
7.5 Minute Charts
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i
TANKS
WELL
STORAGE
TANK
Figure 34. The "31" Water Disposal Facility
Weld County, Colorado
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55
PLATTEVILLE AND FORT LUPTON 7.5 MINUTE CHARTS [Figure 33]
24 The "31" Water Disposal facility consisted of two large rectangular,
unlined, partially filled ponds and two small scfuare unlined full
ponds; all containing a dark oily-appearing liquid. Nine cylindrical
tanks were located around the small ponds [Figure 34].
Three dark cylindrical tanks were lying in an open bare field.
A possible injection well facility was located in the same open bare
field.
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