DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS AND HEALTH ADVISORIES by Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 202-382-7571 SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE 1-800-426-4791 Monday thru Friday, 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM EST April 1991 ------- ------- LEGEND Abbreviations column descriptions are: MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non-enforceable concentration of a drinking water contaminant that is protective of adverse human health effects and allows an adequate margin of safety. MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a public water system. RfD - Reference Dose. An estimate of a daily exposure to the human population that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects over a lifetime. DWEL - Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from a drinking water source. (*) The codes for the Status Reg and Status HA columns are as follows: F - final D - draft L - listed for regulation P - proposed (Phase II and V proposals) Other codes found in the table include the following: NA - not applicable PS - performance standard 0.5 NTU -1.0 NIL) JJ - treatment technique ** - No more than 5% of the samples per month may be positive. For systems collecting fewer than 40 samples/month, no more than 1 sample per month may be positive. *** guidance Large discrepancies between Lifetime and Longer-term HA values may occur because of the Agency's conservative policies, especially with regard to carcinogenicity, relative source contribution, and less than lifetime exposures in chronic toxicity testing. These factors can result in a cumulative UF (uncertainty factor) of 10 to 1000 when calculating a Lifetime HA. ------- DRINKING WATER STANDARDS AND HEALTH ADVISORIES April 1991 Paae 1 Standards Health Advisories Chemicals Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) Status HA* 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at 10"* mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk Cancer Group ORGANICS Acenaphthylene Acifluorfen Acrylamide Acrylonitrile Adioates (diethvlhexvl) Alachlor Aldicarb Aldicarb sulfone Aldicarb sulfoxide Aldrin Ametryn Ammonium Sulfamate Anthracene (PAH) Atrazine B • qon Be, itazon Benz(a)anthracene (PAH) Benzene Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) Benzo(b)fluoranthene (PAH) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (PAH) Benzo(k)fluoranthene (PAH) bis-2-Chloroisopropyl ether Bromacil Bromobenzene F zero TT L P 0.5 0.5 F zero 0.002 P 0.001 0.003 P 0.002 0.003 P 0.001 0.003 F 0.003 0.003 P zero 0.0001 F zero 0.005 P zero 0.0002 P zero 0.0002 P zero 0.0002 F F D F F F F D F F F F F F F F D 2 2 0.1 1.5 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.001 0.1 0.1 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 9 9 0.9 20 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 444 553 0.06 0.4 0.013 0.4 - 0.1 0.07 0.0002 0.007 - 0.001 0.004 0.0001 0.004 - 0.007 0.7 20 0.5 0.01 0.4 - 0.04 0.0002 0.004 0.001 - 0.0003 0.1 0.002 - 0.0002 0.004 0.001 - 0.0003 0.00003 0.001 - 0.0002 3 0.009 0.3 0.06 - 80 0.28 8 2 0.3 - - - 0.2 0.005 0.2 0.003 - 0.1 0.004 0.1 0.003 - 0.9 0.0025 0.09 0.02 0.1 13 0.04 1 0.3 9 0.13 5 0.09 - B2 B2 B1 C B2 D D D B2 D D D C C D B2 A B2* B2 D B2 D C * Under review NOTE: Anthracene and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene -- not proposed in Phase V. ------- AD 1991 Paae2 Standards Health Advisories Chemicals Bromochloroacetonitrile Bromochloromethane Bromodichloromethane (THM) Bromoform (THM) Bromomethane Butyl benzyl phthalate (PAE) Butylate Butylbenzene n- Butylbenzene sec- Butvlbenzene tert- Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbon Tetrachloride Carboxin Chloral Hydrate Chloramben Chlordane Chlorodibromomethane (THM) Chloroethane Chloroform (THM) Chloromethane Chlorophenol (2-) p-Chlorophenyl methyl sulfide/sulfone/sulfoxide Chloropicnn Chlorothalonil Chlorotoluene o- Chlorotoluene p- Chlorpynfos Chrysene (PAH) Cvanazine Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) L 0.1 L - 0.1 P 0.1 0.01 F 0.04 0.04 F zero 0.005 L F zero 0.002 L - 0.1 L L - 0.1 L L D L L L P zero 0.0002 L Status HA* D F D D F F D D D F F F F D F F D D D F D F F F D F 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 50 1 1 77 4 52 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 4 0.2 0.07 1 1 1 3 3 0.2 0.06 0.06 772 4 4 0.1 9 0.4 0.4 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 22 2 222 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.1 0.1 0.02 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at 10 * mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 5 0.013 0.5 0.09 13 0.02 0.6 - 0.03 6 0.02 0.6 - 0.4 0.5 0.001 0.05 0.01 0.2 6 - - 4 0.05 2 0.35 1 0.1 4 0.7 0.2 0.005 0.2 0.04 - 0.3 0.0007 0.03 - 0.03 4 0.1 4 0.7 0.5 0.015 0.5 0.1 0.00006 0.002 - 0.003 8 0.02 0.7 0.02 - 0.5 0.01 0.5 - 0.6 1 0.004 0.1 0.003 - 0.2 0.005 0.2 0.04 0.5 0.015 0.5 - 0.15 7 0.02 0.7 0.1 7 0.02 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.003 0.1 0.02 0.07 0.002* 0.07* 0.01* - Cancer Group B2 B2 D C D D E B2 D D B2 C B2 C D B2 D D D B2 D* Under review. NOTE: Chrysene was proposed in second option ------- April 1991 Page 3 Standards Health Advisories Chemicals Cyanogen Chloride Cymene p- 2,4-D DCPA (Dacthal) Dalaoon DL -inon Di^^nz(a,h)anthracene (PAH) Dibromoacetonitrile Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Dibromomethane Dibutyl phthalate (PAE) Dicamba Dichloroacetaldehyde Dichloroacetic acid Dichloroacetonitrile Dichlorobenzene p- Dichlorobenzene o-.m- Dichloroditluoromethane Dichloroethane (1,1-) Dichloroethane (1.2-) Dichloroethylene (1,1-) Dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-) Dichloroethylene (trans- 1 ,2-) Dichloromethane Dichlorophenol (2.4-) Dichloropropane (1.1-) Dichloropropane (1,2-) Dichloropropane (1 ,3-) Dichloropropane (2,2-) Dichloropropene (1.1-) Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/Q L F 0.07 0.07 P 0.2 0.2 P zero 0.0003 L F zero 0.0002 L L L L L F 0.075 0.075 F 0.6 0.6 L F zero 0.005 F 0.007 0.007 F 0.07 0.07 F 0.1 0.1 P zero 0.005 L F zero 0.005 L L L Status HA* D F F F F D F F D D D F F F D F F F F F D D F D D D 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 1 0.3 0.1 80 80 5 3 3 0.3 0.02 0.02 0.005 22 2 0.2 0.05 0.3 0.3 0.3 1 1 0.8 10 10 10 99 9 40 40 9 0.7 0.7 0.7 2 1 1 433 20 2 2 10 2 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.09 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at104 mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 0.4 0.01 0.4 0.07 20 0.5 20 4 0.9 0.026 0.9 0.2 0.02 0.00009 0.003 0.0006 - 8 0.02 0.8 0.02 0.003 0.1 4 - 1 0.03 1 0.2 3 0.008 0.3 0.006 - 40 0.1 4 0.075 - 30 0.089 3 0.6 30 0.2 5 1 - 2.6 - 0.04 4 0.009 0.4 0.007 - 11 0.01 0.4 0.07 - 6 0.02 0.6 0.1 0.06 2 - 0.5 0.1 0.003 0.1 0.02 - 0.05 Cancer Group D D D E B2 C B2 D D D C C D D B2 C D D B2 D B2 ------- April 1991 Paoe4 Standards Health Advisories Chemicals Dichloropropene (1,3-) Dieldrin Diethyl phthalate (PAE) Diethylhexyl phthalate (PAE) Diisoproovl methvlDhosohonate Dimethrin Dimethyl methylphosphonate Dimethyl phthlate (PAE) 1 ,3-Dinitrobenzene DinKrotoluene (2A-) 2,4-/2,6-Dinitrotoluene Dinoseb Dioxane p- Diphenamid Diauat Disulfoton 1,4-Dithiane Diuron Endothall Endrin Epichlorohydrin Ethylbenzene Ethylene dibromide (EDB) Ethylene glycol ETU Fenamiphos Fluometuron Fluorene (PAH) Fluorotrichloromethane Fog Oil Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) L L P zero 0.004 L L P 0.007 0.007 P 0.02 0.02 P 0.1 0.1 P 0.002 0.002 F zero TT F 0.7 0.7 F zero 0.00005 — — . L Status HA* F F D D F F D F D D F F F F D F F F F F F F F F F F D 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 888 10 10 10 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.3 0.3 0.01 4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.003 1 1 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.02 0.02 0.003 0.1 0.1 0.07 30 3 1 0.008 0.008 20 6 6 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.009 0.009 0.005 222 773 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfO DWEL Lifetime at10~* mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 0.1 0.0003 0.01 - 0.02 0.002 0.00005 0.002 - 0.0002 0.8 30 5 0.02 0.7 - 0.3 30 0.08 3 0.6 40 0.3 10 2 0.14 0.0001 0.005 0.001 - 0.04 0.001 0.04 0.007 - 0.7 1 0.03 1 0.2 0.0022 0.08 0.02 0.009 0.00004 0.001 0.0003 - 0.9 0.002 0.07 0.01 0.2 0.02 0.7 0.1 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.002 - 0.07 0.002 0.07 - 0.4 3 0.1 3 0.7 0.00004 20 2 40 7 - 0.4 0.00008 0.003 - 0.006** 0.02 0.00025 0.009 0.002 - 5 0.013 0.4 0.09 - 0.04 10 0.3 10 2 Cancer Group 82 B2 D B2* D D D D - B2 D 62 D D E D D D B2 D B2 D B2 D D D D Under review. Not verified yet. ------- April 1991 Standards Health Advisories Paces Chemicals Fonofos Formaldehyde Gasoline, unleaded (benzene) Glyphosate Heotachlor Heptachlor epoxide Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hexane (n-) Hexazinone HMX Hypochlorite Hvoochlorous acid lndeno(1,2,3,-c,d)pyrene (PAH) Isophorone Isopropyl methylphosphonate Isopropylbenzene Lindane Malathion Maleic hydrazide MCPA Methomyl Methoxychlor Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl parathion Methyl ten butyl ether Metolachlor Metribuzin Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) P 0.7 0.7 F zero 0.0004 F zero 0.0002 P zero 0.001 P 0.05 0.05 L L P zero 0.0004 L F 2E-4 0.0002 F 0.04 0.04 L L L L Status HA* F D D F F F F F F F F F D D D D F D F F F F F F D F F 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 0.02 0.02 0.02 10 5 5 20 20 1 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.01 - 0.0001 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.3 0.1 5 5 0.1 10 4 4 333 555 15 15 15 1 1 0.03 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 6 2 0.5 80 8 3 0.3 0.3 0.03 3 3 0.5 222 5 5 0.3 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at 10 * mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 0.07 0.002 0.07 0.01 20 0.15 5 1 0.005 - 1 0.1 4 0.7 0.005 0.0005 0.02 - 0.0008 0.0001 1.3E-05 0.0004 - 0.0004 0.2 0.0008 0.03 - 0.002 0.4 0.002 0.07 0.001 - 0.007 0.2 0.5 0.001 0.04 0.001 - 10 - 9 0.033 1 0.2 20 0.05 2 0.4 15 0.2 7 0.1 0.1 0.0003 0.01 0.0002 - 0.8 0.02 0.8 0.2 20 0.5 20 4 0.4 0.0015 0.05 0.01 0.3 0.025 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.2 0.04 9 0.00005 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.00025 0.009 0.002 - 2 0.005 0.2 0.04 5 0.15 5 0.1 0.9 0.025 0.9 0.2 Cancer Group D B1 0 B2 B2 B2 C D C D D D B2 C D C D D E D D D D D C D ------- April 1991 Page 6 Standards Health Advisories Chemicals Monochloroacetic acid Monochlorobenzene Naphthalene Nitrocellulose (non-toxic) Nitroquanidine Nitrophenols p- Oxamyl (Vydate) Ozone by-products Paraquat Pentachloroethane Pentachlorophenol Phenanthrene (PAH) Phenol Picloram Polychlonnated bvohenvls (RGBs) Prometon Pronamide Propachlor Propazine ProDham Propylbenzene n- Pyrene (PAH) RDX Simazine Stvrene 2.4,5-T 2.3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxm) Tebuthiuron Terbacil Terbufos Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) L F 0.1 0.1 P 0.2 0.2 L P zero 0.001 P 0.5 0.5 F zero 0.0005 P 0.001 0.001 F 0.1 0.1 L P zero 5E-08 Status HA* D F F F F D F F D F D F P F F F F F D F F F F F F F F 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 222 0.5 0.5 0.4 10 10 10 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.05 1 0.3 0.3 666 20 20 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.1 1 1 0.5 555 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.05 20 2 2 0.8 0.8 0.8 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 3 3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.005 0.005 0.001 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at 10'* mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 7 0.02 0.7 0.1 1 0.004 0.1 0.02 40 0.1 4 0.7 3 0.008 0.3 0.06 0.9 0.025 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.0045 0.2 0.03 1 0.03 1 - 0.03 20 0.6 20 4 2 0.07 2 0.5 0.0005 0.5 0.015 0.5 0.1 3 0.075 3 0.05 0.5 0.013 0.5 0.09 2 0.02 0.7 0.01 20 0.02 0.6 0.1 0.03 0.4 0.003 0.1 0.002 0.03 0.2 0.002 0.06 0.001 - 7 0.2 7 0.1 1 0.01 0.35 0.07 4E-08 1E-06 4E-08 - 2E-08 2 0.07 2 0.5 0.9 0.013 0.4 0.09 0.005 0.00013 0.005 0.0009 - Cancer Group D D D D E E B2 D D B2 D C D C D D C C C D B2 D E D * Under review. NOTE: Phenanthrene -- not proposed ------- April 1991 Page? Standards Health Advisories Chemicals Tetrachloroethane (1 , 1 , 1 ,2-) Teirachloroethane (1.1,2,2-) Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Toxaohene 2,4,5-TP 1.1.2-Trichloro-1,2,2- tnfluoroethane Trichloroacetic acid Trichloroactonitrile Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-1 Tnchlorobenzene (1,3,5-) Trichloroethane <1,1,1-) Trichloroethane (1,1,2-) Trichloroethanol (2,2,2-) Trichloroethvlene Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-) Tnchloropropane (1,1,1-) Tnchloropropane (1,2,3-) Trifluralm Trimelhvlbenzene (1,2,4-) Tnmethylbenzene (1,3,5-) Tnnitroglycerol Trinitrotoluene Vinyl chloride White phosphorus Xvlenes Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (rng/l) L L F zero 0.005 F 1 1 F zero 0.005* F 0.05 0.05 L L P 0.009 0.009 F 0.2 0.2 P 0.003 0.005 L F zero 0.005 L L F zero 0.002 F 10 10 Status HA* F D F F F F D D F F F F F O 0 F F D 0 F F F F F 10-ko Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 2 2 0.9 2 2 1 20 2 2 0.5 0.04 0.2 0.2 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 100 40 40 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.02 0.02 3 3 0.01 40 40 40 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at 10 4 mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 3 0.03 1 0.07 0.1 5 0.01 0.5 - 0.07 7 0.2 7 1 - 0.1 0.0035 - 0.003 0.3 0.0075 0.3 0.05 • •_ - — — 0.5 0.001 0.05 0.009 - 2 0.006 0.2 0.04 100 0.035 1 0.2 1 0.004 0.1 0.003 - 0.007 0.3 - 0.3 0.3 2 0.006 0.2 0.04 0.3 0.0075 0.3 0.005 - 0.005 - - 0.005 - 0.02 0.0005 0.02 0.002 0.1 0.05 - - - 0.0015 0.00002 0.0005 0.0001 - 100 2 60 10 - Cancer Group C B2 D 82 D D D D C B2 B2 C C A D D Under review. ------- April 1991 Chemicals INORGANICS Aluminum Ammonia Antimony Arsenic Asbestos (fibers/I > 1 Ourrrt Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Chloramine Chlorate Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorite Chromium (total) Copper Cyanide Fluoride* Lead (at source) Lead (at tap) Manganese Mercury Mol denum Nickel Nitrate (as N) Standards Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) L L P 0.0030.01/0.005 * - 0.05 F 7MFL7MFL P 2 2 P zero 0.001 L F 0.005 0.005 L L L L L F 0.1 0.1 P 1.3 1.3 P 0.2 0.2 F 4 4 P zero 0.005* P zero TT* . F 0.002 0.002 L P 0.1 0.1 F 10 10 Status HA* D D D D F D D F D D D D D F . F D F D F F Health 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l - - 0.015 0.015 0.015 - - - 30 30 4 4 0.9 0.9 0.04 0.04 0.005 - - 1 1 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - . - 0.08 0.08 0.01 1 1 0.1 10* Pa Advisories 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term RfD DWEL Lifetime at 10 * mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 30 0.015 0.0004 0.015 0.003 - 0.003 700 MFL 0.07 2 2 20 0.005 0.2 - 0.0008 3 0.09 3 0.6 0.02 0.0005 0.02 0.005 - - - . - ™ 0.8 0.005 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.022 0.8 0.2 0.06 - 0.14 0.002 0.0003 0.01 0.002 - 0.05 0.001 0.05 0.05 0.6 0.02 0.6 0.1 1.6 - ge 8 Cancer Group D D A A D B2 D D n D D B2 B? D D D D Under review. ------- April 1991 Standards Health Advisories Page 9 Chemicals Nitrite (as N) Status MCLG MCL Reg.* (mg/l) (mg/l) F 1 1 Status HA* F 10-ka Child Longer- One-day Ten-day term mg/l mg/l mg/l 1* 70-ka Adult Longer- mg/l term FtfD DWEL Lifetime at 10'* mg/l mg/kg/day mg/l mg/l Cancer Risk 0.16* Cancer Group D Nitrite (as N) Nitrate + Nitrite (both as N) Selenium Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfate Thallium Vanadium Zinc Zinc chloride F 1 1 F 10 10 F 0.05 0.05 L L L P 400/500400/500 P 0.0005 0.002/ 0.001 L L F D D D D D D D 1* 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 25 25 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.08 0.08 0.03 442 0.16* 0.005 0.2 0.005 0.2 0.1 20*** 90 2.5 90 17 0.02 0.00007 0.002 0.0004 - 0.11 0.003 0.11 0.02 9 0.2 9 2 - D D 0 D D RADIONUCLIDES Beta particle and photon activity (formerly man-made radionuclides) Gross alpha particle activity Radium 226/228 Radon Uranium I F I F I F I T I T zero 4 mrem | - | zerol 5 pCi/L j - j zero 5 pCi/L | - | zero - I - I zero I - I I - - - - 4 mrem/y | - I I I - - - - 22/34 pCi/l | I - - - - 150pCi/l | - | .... 170DCJ/I I A A A A A * Under review. *** Guidance. ------- SECONDARY MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS April 1991 Chemicals Page 10 Status SMCLs fmq/l) Aluminum Chloride Color Copper Corrosivitv Fluoride* Foaming Agents Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Iron Manganese Odor PH Silver Sulfate Toluene Total Dissolved Solids (TD) Zinc F F F F F F F F F F F F F P F F 0.05 to 0.2 250 15 color units 1 non-corrosive 2 0.5 0.008 0.3 0.05 3 threshold odor numbers 6.5 - 8.5 0.10 250 - 500 5 Status Codes: P - proposed, F - final * Under review. ------- MICROBIOLOGY Status MCLG MCL Cryptosporidium Giardia lamblia Legionella Standard Plate Count Total Conforms (after 12/31/90) Turbidity (after 12/31/90) Viruses L F FB FB F F FB - zero TT zero TT NA TT zero ** NA PS zero TT Key: PS. TT. F. defined as previously stated. : Final for systems using surface water; also being considered for regulation under groundwater disinfection rule. ------- |