EPA-R3-73-028b
MARCH 1973 Ecological Research Series
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
LAKE ONTARIO LIMNOLOGICAL AND
RELATED STUDIES
Vol. II Biology
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the office of Research and
Monitoring* Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping
was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related
fields. The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Soci©economic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL
RESEARCH series. This series describes research
on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and
animal species, and materials. Problems are
assessed for their long- and short-term
influences. Investigations include formation,
transport, and pathway studies to determine the
fate of pollutants and their effects. This work
provides the technical basis for setting standards
to minimize undesirable changes in living
organisms in the aquatic, terrestrial and
atmospheric environments.
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EPA-R3-73-028b
March 1973
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LAKE
ONTARIO LIMNOLOGICAL AND RELATED STUDIES
Vol. II - BIOLOGY
By
Elaine P. Downing
James E. Hassan
Robert A. Sweeney
Project 16120 HVR
Project Officer
Norbert A. Jaworski
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Environmental Research Center
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402
Price J2.60 domestic postpaid or $2.25 OPO Bookstore
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial production constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
11.
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TABLE OP CONTENTS
I. Introduction 1
II. Subject Index 2
A. Study regions 2
B. Organisms 5
C. Habitats 10
D. Techniques and Instrumentation .... 12
III. Abstracts 17
IV. Author/Agency Addresses 216
V. Other Possibly Pertinent References . . . 232
VI. Acknowledgements 236
LIST OP FIGURES
JL
1 Map of Lake Ontario 2a
iii.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study, which was sponsored under
grant # 16120 HVR from the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, was to provide a reference that would be of aid to
those individuals and/or agencies, planning or initiating
limnological research on Lake Ontario and/or its tributaries,
particularly those activities which are part of the Inter-
national Field Year on the Great Lakes (1972-71*). The task
was divided on the basis of disciplines into three (3)
sections - physical, chemical and biological. This paper
is the final report from the latter.
The holdings of libraries in both the United States and
Canada were surveyed. Each pertinent reference was abstracted
and examined with respect to the parameters measured, tech-
niques employed and the location(s) in which the study was
conducted. In addition, the last known address of the agency
or senior author was noted for inclusion of locating the
author if further communication is desired.
Unless otherwise noted, the papers cited in the annotated
list are located In Buffalo.
Due to limitations in time, we were unable to secure
copies of a few references that may contain information
relative to Lake Ontario. These have been included in this
paper.
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Comments concerning this work are welcome and
appreciated.
II. SUBJECT INDEX
The number following each, refers to the number of the
paper listed in Section II. Lake Ontario was divided into
eighteen (18) regions, which are shown in Figure 1. The
number nineteen (19) refers to lake-wide studies; while
twenty (20) concerns tributaries to the lake. For the
Identification of the specific stream or river in question,
see the abstract.
A. Study Regions
1. 2*. 46. 61, 65, 77, 110, 119, 120, 122, 145,
161, 181, 189, 191, 193, 224, 230, 238, 239,
272, 282, 298, 369, 392, Ml, 448, 1*51, 454,
457, 460, 462, 463, 472, 474, 475, 486, 576,
578
2. 15, 26, 27, 61, 65, 77, 84 110, 119, 136,
181, 191, 193, 230, 245, 249, 279, 298, 305,
306, 310, 315, 338, 339, 359, 360, 361, 366,
394, 443, 448, 451, 452, 454, 459, 462, 463,
474
3. 1, 35, 63, 65, 66, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 110,
119, 122, 136, 143, 161, 181, 191, 193, 230,
239, 249, 272, 304, 315, 367, 369, 387, 389,
392, 394, 443, 448, 451, 452, 454, 460, 462,
463, 471, 472, 475, 486, 498, 533, 556, 576,
578, 579
4. 1, 13, 52, 65, 77, 90. 96, 110, 119, 131,
136, 181, 193, 230, 245, 279, 281, 284, 310,
394, 438, 443, 448, 451, 452, 454, 462, 463,
488, 504, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511, 512, 518,
539, 543, 577, 595
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FIGURE i - MAP OF LAKE ONTARIO
19 - LaKe-Wide 20 - Tributaries (see abstract for snocific stream(s))
-2a-
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5. 65. 77, 110, 119, 181, 193, 355, 366, 394,
448, 451, 452, 454, 460, 462, 463, 464, 489
6. 52, 90. 96, 113, 150. 159, 193, 212, 245,
257, 281, 284, 322, 445, 488, 505, 518,
539, 543, 566, 577, 582, 584
7. 65, 77, 93, 110. 119, 193, 315, 366, 394,
448, 451, 452, 454, 460, 462, 463
8. 90, 96, 113, 150, 159, 193, 212, 245, 257.
281, 322, 379, 445, 505, 518, 539, 577, 584
9. 65, 77, 105, 108. 110, 119, 174, 178, 181.
190, 191, 225, 249, 258, 269, 271, 301, 346,
347, 448, 451, 452, 454, 462, 463, 574, 581
10. 82, 90, 96
244, 245,
466, 505,
577, 582,
11. 9, 11, 13,
105, 107,
142, 148,
225, 228,
249, 258,
344, 346,
465, 470,
516, 549,
, 113, 143, 150, 159
257, 281, 322, 363,
518, 539, 542, 543,
584, 596
16, 24, 26, 27, 60,
108, 110, 119, 136,
174, 178, 181, 190,
230, 235, 236, 237,
269, 271, 279, 300,
347, 448, 451, 452,
474, 475, 477, 490,
561, 562, 574, 581
, 193, 212
379, 438, 445
546, 558, 559
65, 71, 77,
139, 140, 141
191, 192, 224
238, 239, 241
301, 323, 328
454, 462, 463
513, 514, 515
12. 60, 65, 77, 93, 105, 110, 119, 139, 140,
141, 181, 228, 230, 315, 323, 347, 448, 451,
452, 460, 462, 463
13. 90, 96, 113, 150, 159, 212, 230, 244, 245,
257, 281, 322, 379, 445, 505, 518, 539, 577,
584
14. 60, 65, 71, 77, 90, 105, 107, 108, 110, 119,
139, 140, 141, 142, 148, 178, l8l, 190, 191,
192, 208, 224, 228, 230, 235, 236, 237, 249,
258, 259, 269, 271, 280, 301, 323, 344, 346,
347, 366, 448, 451, 452, 454, 458, 460, 46l,
462, 463, 467, 475, 516, 538, 545, 548, 549,
555, 561, 568, 581
15. 60, 96, 105, 107, 110, 119, 137, 228. 230. 245,
323, 347, 448, 452, 454, 467, 537, 543, 545
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16,
17,
18.
47, 82, 90, 96, 113,
188, 212, 230, 244,
293, 322, 354, 379,
505, 518, 543, 558,
60, 65, 77, 79, 83,
139, 140, 141, 142,
230, 280, 281, 322,
448, 451, 452, 454,
531, 543, 544, 545,
583
143, 150, 177, 186,
245, 257, 281, 290,
380, 438, 445, 481,
577, 582, 584
96, 105, 107, 110, 119,
181, 186, 191, 208, 228,
366, 383, 412, 41?, 438,
458, 461, 467, 517, 518,
548, 555, 566, 568, 580,
60, 82 83, 90
165, 186, 208,
254, 281, 290,
383, 412, 445,
544, 545, 558,
19. 2,
20,
36,
50,
70,
92,
103
123
134
155
169
184
200
214
234
253
265
278
308
319
332
343
371
395
404
414
425
434
449
478
494
522
532
557
573
4, 5, 6, 7,
21, 22, 23
37, 38, 39
53, 54, 56
71, 72, 76
93, 94, 95
, 104, 106,
, 124, 125,
, 135, 138,
, 156, 157,
, 170, 171,
, 185, 187,
, 201, 202,
, 215, 216,
, 240, 242,
, 255, 256,
, 266, 267,
, 286, 287,
, 309, 311,
, 320, 321,
, 333, 334,
, 345, 348,
, 374, 381,
, 396, 397,
, 405, 406,
, 145, 416,
, 426, 427,
, 435, 436,
, 450, 453,
, 479, 482,
, 495, 496,
, 523, 524,
, 534, 535,
, 560, 563,
, 587, 589,
, 96, 105, 107, 113, 159, 160,
212, 230, 238, 239, 244, 245,
291, 292, 322, 353, 363, 379,
467, 505, 517, 518, 531, 543,
566, 580, 583, 584, 591
8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19,
24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34,
40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49,
57, 58, 59, 62, 64, 68, 69,
80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91,
97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102,
109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 121
126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133
144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 154
158, 162, 163, 164, 166, 168
173, 175, 179, 180, 182, 183
194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199
203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 213
218, 224, 226, 227, 229, 233
243, 246, 247, 248, 250, 252
258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264
268, 269, 273, 274, 275, 276
288, 296, 297, 299, 302, 303
312, 313, 314, 316, 317, 318
322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329
335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342
350, 352, 356, 364, 368, 370
384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 390
398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403
407, 408, 409, 410, 4ll, 413
418, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424
428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433
437, 440, 442, 444, 446, 447
455, 468, 469, 473, 474, 476
483, 485, 487, 491, 492, 493
499, 500, 518, 519, 520, 521
525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530
536, 540, 541, 551, 552, 554
565, 567, 569, 570, 571, 572
591, 592, 594
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20. 3, 4, 13, 32, 41, 44, 50. 51, 52, 55, 61,
62, 65, 66, 67, 77, 78, 82, 85, ill, 113,
116, 117, 118, 119, 126, 127, 143, 144, 149,
150, 151, 152, 153, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 167, 168, 172, 175, 176, l8l, 184, 197,
198, 200, 201, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216, 217,
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 229, 231, 232, 234,
247, 249, 257, 260, 26l, 262, 263, 264, 266,
268, 269, 272, 277, 281, 283, 285, 288, 289,
293, 294, 295, 299, 307, 317, 324, 329, 330,
331, 341, 342, 348, 349, 350, 351, 357, 358,
365% 369, 372, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 382,
383, 391, 392, 393, 419, 438, 439, 44l, 442,
445, 452, 454, 456, 457, 460, 461, 462, 463,
464, 465, 472, 480, 484, 486, 488, 497, 500,
502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510,
511, 512, 517, 519, 523, 532, 545, 547, 553,
555, 558, 564, 567, 575, 576, 577, 580, 584,
585, 586, 588, 589, 590, 591, 593, 595, 596
B. Organisms
1. Viruses - 288, 289
2. Schizomycota - 62, 63, 74, 75, 79, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97,
98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104 135, 138. 139,
140, 141, 143, 193, 205, 245, 284, 285,
286, 287, 288, 289, 293, 337, 347, 359,
360, 361, 364, 365, 438, 439, 440, 44l,
457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464,
465, 493, 524, 550, 556, 568, 572, 579
3. Eumycophyta - 160, 289, 307, 371, 519
a. Ascomycota - 62, 130, 243, 524
b. Phycomycota - 111, 127, 130, 176, 191,
236, 237, 369
4. Algae - 110, 142. 162, 181, 203, 289, 290,
359, 473, 488, 496, 533
a. Cyanophyta - 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 83, 98,
104, 111, 127, 129, 130, 131, 160,
161, 177, 210, 239, 286, 287, 288,
291, 293, 300, 301, 316, 339, 346,
366, 367, 368, 373, 335, 386, 387,
388, 389, 446, 494, 498, 526, 558,
559, 561, 567
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b. Chlorophyta - 6, 53, 54 55, 57, 58, 59,
61, 78, 83, 98, 104, 111, 127, 129,
130, 131, 160, 161, 163, 164, 177,
207, 210, 237, 239, 248, 284, 286,
287, 288, 291, 292, 293, 300, 301,
307, 315, 316, 346, 360, 367, 368,
371, 373, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388,
389, 394, 443, 446, 475, 494, 498,
558, 559, 561, 562, 567
c. Phaeophyta - 131, 316
d. Rhodophyta - 131, 316
e. Pyrrophyta - 104, 307, 367, 384, 446, 477,
559, 561
f. Charophyta - 113, 130, 131, 149, 383, 443,
546, 591
g. Euglenophyta - 127, 307, 367, 371, 475
h. Cryptophyceae - 131, 384
1. Chrysophyta - 6, 39, 40, 56, 57, 59, 83, 98,
104, 127, 129, 130, 137, 161, 204, 205,
206, 207, 210, 248, 257, 284, 287, 288,
291, 293, 301, 307, 315, 316, 339, 346,
366, 367, 368, 371, 373, 384, 385, 386,
387, 388, 389, 446, 475, 477, 485, 494,
498, 537, 558, 559, 561, 567
5. Bryophyta - 55, 78, 113, 131, 255, 306, 526
6. Tracheophyta - 46, 55, 78, ill, 113, 127, 130,
131, 136, 149, 160, 237, 280, 281, 287,
306, 332, 345, 382, 443, 445, 488, 517,
546, 577, 595
7. Protozoans - 129, 272, 495, 498, 517, 559
a. Mastigophora - 83, 371, 381
b. Sarcodlna - 381
c. Ciliata - 83, 104, 270, 371, 381
8. Porifera - 246, 372
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9. Coelenterata - 299
10. Platyhelminthes - 256, 475, 476
a. Turbellaria - 160, 237, 299
b. Trematoda - 229, 270, 272, 299, 381, 549
c. Cestoda - 239, 270, 549
11. Aschelminthes (Nemathelmlnthes) -
a. Rotifera - 6, 59, 205, 237, 272, 287, 293,
294, 307, 381, 475, 495, 558, 559
b. Nematoda - 1, 239, 246, 256, 259, 272,. 371,
381, 475, 476, 495, 549
12. Acanthocephala - 132, 239, 270, 303, 369, 476
13. Bryozoa - 272, 299, 336
14. Mollusca - 59, 78, 111, 179, 229, 336, 475,
476, 495, 517, 546
a. Gastropoda - 1, 55, 82, 160. 231, 237, 239,
249, 256, 270, 287, 298, 299, 315, 324,
329, 330, 339, 443, 486, 488, 558, 576
b. Pelecypoda - 1, 71, 72, 76, 163, 222, 237,
239, 242, 246, 256, 287, 298, 299, 315,
317, 324, 329, 330, 339, 369, 443, 486,
488, 549, 567, 576
15. Annelida - 78, 390
a. Polychaeta - 256, 299
b. Ollgochaeta - 1, 35, 57, 59, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75, 76, 82, 104, 111, 127, 160, 163,
246, 256, 272, 287, 288, 289, 298, 299,
300, 301, 307, 317, 339, 443, 495, 517,
567, 579
c. Hlrudinea - 55, 160, 163, 229, 256, 270, 272,
299, 443, 549, 567
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16. Arthropoda - 78
a. Arachnlda - 222, 256, 299, 443, 475, 476
b. Crustacea - 1, 6, 53, 54, 55, 59, 66, 71,
82, 10*, 127, 128, 129, 158, 160,
163, 165, 177, 179, 184, 191, 192,
203, 204, 210, 222, 229, 236, 237,
239, 246, 256, 270, 272, 273, 275,
287, 289, 298, 299, 307, 315, 317,
354, 369, 371, 390, 443, 445, 468,
469, 471, 475, 476, 477, 483, 487,
495, 505, 517, 538, 546, 549, 558,
585
c. Insecta - 1, 53, 55, 57, 59, 71, 72, 75,
76, 82, 104, 110. ill, 127, 160,
163, 177, 179, 184, 192, 205, 210,
221, 222, 229, 236, 237, 246, 256,
282, 283, 286, 287, 288, 289, 298,
299, 300, 301, 305, 368, 390, 443,
446, 475, 476, 483, 495, 517, 546,
559, 585
17. Chordata -
a. Cyclostomata - 44, 45, 57, 58, 59, 104,
105, 110, 116, 122, 124, 126, 149,
175, 176, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202,
210, 211, 212, 215, 239, 246, 26l,
266, 274, 286, 288, 295, 296, 297,
312, 318, 326, 333, 343, 352, 376,
392, 445, 467, 473, 475, 527, 528,
529, 535, 536, 567, 574
b. Ostelchthyes - 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 42,
43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 77,
78. 80, 81, 82, 84, 103, 104, 105,
106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112,
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 13.9, 120,
121, 123, 125, 126, 130, 133, 134,
144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160,
162, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171,
172, 173, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180,
181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196,
197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 205,
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208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216,
217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224,
225, 226, 227, 229, 229, 230, 232, 233,
234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244,
245, 246, 247, 250, 252, 254, 260, 26l,
262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269,
270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 28l,
284, 286, 288, 292, 300, 302, 304, 308,
309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 319, 320,
321, 322, 323, 325, 327, 328, 334, 336,
337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344,
348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356,
357, 358, 367, 370, 371, 374, 375, 376,
377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 390, 392, 395,
396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403,
404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411,
412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 4l8, 419,
420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427,
428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435,
436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443,
Mil 445, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452,
453, 454, 455, 456, 467, 470, 471, 473,
474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481,
482, 483, 489, 490, 491, 492, 497, 499,
500, 505, 513, 514, 515, 516, 518, 519,
520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527,
528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 534, 536, 539,
540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547,
548, 549, 551, 552, 553, 554, 557, 558,
560, 565, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571, 573,
575, 578, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 586,
587, 588, 589, 590, 592, 593, 594
c. Reptlla - 46, 391
d. Amphibia - 390, 391, 443, 472, 488, 555
e. Aves - 3, 41, 46, 51, 52, 60, 67, 78 121,
150, 167, 268, 270, 281, 284, 288, 331,
335, 336, 337, 362, 363, 381, 393, 445,
466, 484, 502, 503, 504, 506, 507, 508,
509, 510, 511, 512, 526, 564, 596
f. Mammalia - 46, 281, 391, 445, 488, 567
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C. Habitats
1. Benthos - 1, 35, 44, 46, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61,
62. 63, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 82,
10$, 113, 122, 127, 130, 131, 137, 160, 163,
164, 17$, 177, 179, 184, 193, 203, 204, 210,
211, 221, 222, 229, 231, 232, 236, 237, 242,
243, 246, 248, 249, 255, 256, 272, 273, 275,
280, 281, 282, 283, 287, 288, 289, 291, 293,
298, 299, 301, 315, 317, 324, 329, 330, 332,
336, 339, 345, 359, 372, 381, 382, 383, 390,
391, 394, 443, 445, 475, 476, 483, 485, 486,
488, 494, 495, 517, 537, 538, 546, 558, 567,
568, 574, 576, 579, 585, 591, 595
2. Periphytonlc - 55, 6l, 71, 78, 82, 111, 113, 127,
130, 131, 163, 204, 231, 248, 286, 291, 292,
293, 298, 305, 306, 324, 329, 339, 368, 373,
391, 438, 445, 471, 488, 494, 495, 505, 558,
567, 576, 577
3. Planktonic - 6, 39, 40, 53, 54, 56? 57, 58, 59,
62, 63, 66, 71, 79, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88,
89, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 110, 111,
128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141,
142, 143, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 176,
181, 191, 192, 193, 203, 205, 206, 207, 210,
226, 236, 237, 243, 245, 248, 257, 259, 270,
272, 281, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290,
293, 294, 300, 301, 307, 316, 336, 339, 346,
347, 354, 359, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367,
3S2> 3l:> 373> 376> 381> 384, 385, 386, 387,
388, 389, 394, 439, 440, 441, 442, 446, 457,
458, 459, 460, 46l, 462, 463, 464, 465, 468,
469, 473, 475, 477, 485, 487, 488, 493, 494,
495, 496, 498, 517, 524, 526, 533, 550, 556,
558, 559, 561, 562, 567, 572, 585
4. Nektonic - 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,
53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69,
71, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 103, 104, 105,
106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115,
116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126, 127, 133, 134, 144, 145, 146, 147,
148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
163, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175
-10-
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178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 19*4, 195, 196, 197,
198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 205, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,
220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228,
229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238,
239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 250, 254,
258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267,
268, 269, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 281,
284, 286, 287, 299, 292, 295, 296, 297, 301,
302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313,
314, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326,
327, 328, 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340,
341, 342, 343, 344, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352,
353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 369, 370, 371, 374,
375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 390, 392,
395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403,
404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412,
413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 4l8, 419, 420, 421,
422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430,
*»31, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 439, 440,
H4i, 444, 445, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452,
453, 454, 455, 456, 467, 470, 471, 473, 474,
475, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 483, 488, 489,
490, 491, 492, 497, 499, 500, 505, 513, 514,
515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523,
524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532,
534, 535, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544,
545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 551, 552, 553, 554,
557, 558, 560, 565, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571,
573, 574, 575, 578, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584,
586, 587, 588, 589, 592, 593, 594
5. Neustonic - 3, 4l, 46, 51, 52, 55, 60, 67, 78,
111, 113, 121, 136, 150, 167, 192, 210, 268,
279, 281, 288, 305, 331, 335, 337, 362, 363,
382, 393, 466, 472, 475, 484, 502, 503, 504,
506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 526, 555,
564, 567, 596
*>. Parasltl"
a. Internal - 132, 239, 270, 369, 38l, 549
b. External - 45, 124, 175, 197, 198, 199, 200,
215, 265, 270, 274, 286, 295, 296, 297,
312, 326, 333, 343, 352, 369, 376, 381,
467, 473, 475, 482, 519, 527, 528, 529,
535, 536, 549, 567, 590
-11-
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D. Techniques and Instrumentat1on
Albatross Bottom Sampler - 315
Artificial Substrates - 310, 317
Aquatic Net -82
Bacteriological Identification - 63, 74, 75, 79, 65,
129, 135, 138, 139, 140, l4l, 1*13, 163, 359,
361, 364, 438, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462,
464, 550, 556, 568, 572
Bacteriological Isolation - 63, 74, 75, 79, 85, 135,
138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 163, 193, 359, 364,
438, 550, 556, 568, 572
Bioassay - 177
Bird Bonding - 335
Bobinette Dip Net - 211
Clarke-Bumpus Plankton Sampler - 204, 205, 487
Creel or Angling - 48, 65, 77, 116, 119, 121, l8l,
184, 187, 214, 218, 227, 229, 239, 241, 247,
261, 269, 322, 355, 390, 412, 4l9, 445, 467,
470, 489, 500, 518, 540, 545, 548, 553, 557
Dip Net - 116, 179, 237, 295, 339, 370, 447, 452,
454, 499, 594
Drag Dredge - 495
Dwarf Orange Peel Bucket - 315
Eckman Dredge - 1, 35, 63, 82, 126, 177, 226, 237,
298, 339, 495
Electrobarrlers (for lamprey) - 44, 45, 200, 215, 535
Electrofishing - 351
Elevated Temperature Technique - 85, 141, 142
Pish Tagging - 43, 419, 46?, 4?0, 534, 544, 545, 580
Franklin Dredge - 76, 204
-12-
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FyKe Nets - 5, 115, 116, 210, 322, 398, 399, 400,
401, 402, 403, 405, 409, 415, 417, 4l8, 420,
421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 428, 448, 451, 519,
523, 546, 557, 560,
Galvanic Cell 02 Analyzer - 290
Gill Nets - 5, 10, 43, 65, 77, 103, 105, 107, 108,
109, 110, 115, 116, 119, 121, 126, 145, 149,
154, 155, 171, 172, 179, 181, 184, 185, 186,
187, 188, 196, 199, 210, 211, 221, 222, 224,
229, 233, 236, 237, 238, 240, 244, 26l, 265,
287, 296, 297, 319, 320, 322, 323, 325, 328,
338, 339, 341, 353, 370, 374, 396, 398, 399,
401, 402. 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 4l6,
424, 445, 447, 448, 451, 452, 454, 467, 470,
474, 475, 476, 483, 505, 515, 516, 518, 519,
523, 528, 531, 536, 540, 543, 545, 546, 549,
557, 560, 582, 583, 594
Gravity Corer - 332
Hemocytometer - 385, 386, 389
Hoop Nets - 64, 65, 77, 103, 116, 126, 171, 233,
269, 271, 296, 447, 448, 451, 452, 454, 594
Insect Trap Cage - 305
In-Situ Culturing - 291
Isaco-Kidd High Speed Sampler - 165
Jar Incubation (processing sediment samples) - 243
Juday-Porest Centrifuge - 559
Juday Plankton Trap - 158, 205, 226, 339, 346,
495, 559, 561, 562
K-B Core Sampler - 73, 74, 75, 137, 495, 537
Kemmerer Forest Water Bottle - 339, 495, 559
Knudsen Water Sampler - 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 143, 287, 572
Light and Dark Bottle Oxygen Technique - 496
Lund Chamber - 386
-13-
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Membrane-Filter Technique - 79, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91, 92, 93, 9^, 95, 96. 97, 99, 100, 101,
102, 135, 138, 140, 142, 143, 163, 243, 287,
359, 361, 364, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462,
463, 464, 465, 550, 568, 572, 585
Minnow Seines - 223, 348
Minnow Traps - 204
Moore Swabs (bacteria isolation) - 141, 142
M. P. N. Test (coliforms) - 62. 79, 135, 139, 140,
287, 439, 44l, 459, 460, 461, 465, 568
Nansen or Friedinger Bottle Water Sampler - 347, 394,
446, 485
Needham Dredge - 127
Petersen Dredge - 127, 287, 317, 495
Plankton Net - 6, 468, 585
Plankton Trap - 83
Pollen Analysis - 345
Ponar Dredge - 287, 317, 495
Pound Net - 49, 116, 126, 154, 171, 184, 186, 196,
221, 229, 233, 236, 237, 238, 297, 322, 374,
445, 447, 452, 454, 474, 476, 483, 505, 519,
523, 540, 542, 560, 573, 583, 594
Primary Productivity - 165, 385, 389, 496
Rail Fence Fishing - 237
Ross Fine Line Recording Fathometer - 353
Scale Analysis (age) - 11, 68, 107, 108, 120, 191,
212, 238, 379, 481, 513, 515, 540, 544, 545,
584
Scaup Net - 417, 546
Scoop Net - 219
-14-
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Scuba Diving - 125, 394
Sedwich-Rafter Counting Cell - 346, 368, 446, 559
Sedwich-Rafter Sand Filtration Technique - 287, 498
Seine Net - 49, 65, 108, 115, 116, 118, 126, 149, 171,
179, 184, 186, 188, 196, 210, 217, 221, 222, 229,
233, 234, 244, 261, 265, 320, 322, 325, 339, 341,
348, 349, 374, 406, 409, 410, 411, 413, 4l4, 415,
4l6, 417, 445, 447, 448, 451, 452, 454, 456, 475,
480, 500, 505, 518, 519, 523, 546, 557, 560, 573,
584, 594
Set Line - 108, 115, 116, 187, 210, 216, 229, 265,
320, 447, 448, 451, 452, 454, 519, 557
Shipek Bucket or Grab Sampler - 495, 568
Smith-Plclntyre Dredge - 256
Square-Foot (Surber) Sampler - 82
Standard Plate Count Test (bacteria) - 79, 88, 89, 90,
91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 135,
139, 141, 143, 163, 287, 364, 568, 572
Telegraph Snapper - 315
Toronto Grab Sampler - 332
Trammel Nets - 211
Trap Net - 5, 49, 64, 115, 116, 126, 171, 184, 196,
210, 221, 222, 233, 234, 265, 292, 320, 321,
341, 348, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404,
405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411, 413, 4l4, 415,
4l6, 4l7, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424,
425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433,
434, 435, 436, 437, 447, 448, 451, 470, 518,
519, 523, 527, 540, 544, 545, 546, 557, 560,
573, 583
Trawling - 125, 126, 158, 166, 171, 196, 237, 447,
528, 582
Van Dorn Bottle (water) - 89, 468
VJarburg Respirometer - 290
-15-
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Winder-mere Traps - 513, 51**,
Wisconsin Type Plankton Net - 287
Western Bottom Trawl - 166
X-Ray Analysis - 351
-16-
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Ill. ABSTRACTS
The location of those papers not found in Buffalo
and available through the Great Lakes Lab are given in
parenthesis at the end of the abstract.
1. Adamstone, F. B. 1924. The distribution and economic
importance of the bottom fauna of Lake Niplgon
with an appendix on the bottom fauna of Lake
Ontario. Univ. Toronto. Studies Biol. Series
No. 25: 3^-100. (Pubs. Ont. Pish. Research Lab.
No. 24).
On October 3, 1922, a series of dredglngs were made in
Lake Ontario between Toronto and the mouth of the Niagara
River. The Mollusca were composed mostly of Pelecypoda,
but a number of specimens of dead Gastropod shells were
also obtained. Representatives of the Chironomidae,
Odonata, Amphlpoda, Oligochaeta and Nematoda were also
found. The samples obtained indicate that Lake Ontario
has a rich and varied bottom population. (Univ. of
Toronto Zool. Library).
2. Agassiz, L. 1857. On some young gar-pikes from Lake
Ontario. Proceedings Boston Soc. Natural Hist.
6: 47-48.
Agassiz, L. 1957. On some young gar-pikes from Lake
Ontario. American Journal Science & Arts (2nd
series). 23: 284.
Contains brief notes on morphological characters,
affinity to reptiles and mode of feeding of several
living young gar-pikes from Lake Ontario.
3. Almendinger, W. A. 1949. Observations on American
Brant along the Niagara River. Prothonotary.
15(11): 71.
This paper includes information observations of an
American Brant on the Niagara River, November 20, 1949,
the first observation in the city limits since 1889.
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4. Amsler, G. 1934. Report of the Division of Protection
and Legislation. Transactions American Fisheries
Society. 64: 38-39.
This is a report of legislative action concerning fish
in the United States. New York reduced the limit on
lake trout from 10 to 6,shortened the open seasons on
that species one month and whiteflsh two months. The
use of goldfish and carp were prohibited for use as bait
and the size of minnow nets was reduced to 36 square
feet. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
5. Anderson, A. W. and E. A. Power. 1950. Fishery
statistics of the United States, 1947. U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Statistical Digest 21. 285 p.
This report contains a review of the fishery statistics
for the year 1947 which includes data on the volume of
the catch of fishery products and their value, employ-
ment in the fisheries, quantity of gear operated, the
number of fishing craft employed in the capture of
fishery products and certain Information on the volume
and value of the production of manufactured fishery
products and by-products.
Section 7 covers the statistical surveys for the lake
fisheries with tables summarizing the United States
and Canada. With regard to the catch in Lake Ontario,
20 species accounted for 463,000 pounds with a value
of $81,064 in the United States and 11 species plus an
unclassified group accounted for 2,001,700 pounds in
Canada. (Univ. of Toronto Zool. Library).
6. Anderson, D. V. and D. Clayton. 1959. Plankton in
Lake Ontario. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests,
Physics Research Note No. 1. Unnumbered.
Presented in this note is a few figures on the total
quantity (standing crop) and species composition of
larger phytoplankton and zooplankton in Lake Ontario.
Samples were taken on a lake-wide cruise. (Canada
Centre for Inland Waters).
7. Anon. 1878. Introduction of Shad into Lake Ontario.
Report U. S. Comm. Fish. 6: 937.
A small article on the success of a Mr. Seth Green
on cultivating shad in Lake Ontario. Mentioned in
the article is a male shad, weighing five and a half
pounds, which was caught in a gill net, six or seven
miles out in Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Salmon
River.
-18-
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8. Anon. 1917a. A glance at our fisheries. Can. Fisherman.
4(8): 326.
Briefly discusses the fish resources of Canada starting
with the St. Lawrence River, then each of the Great
Lakes, next up to the North Country, and finally the
Pacific coast. With reference to Lake Ontario, the
principal fish are listed as whitefish, trout, bass,
pickerel, etc. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
9. Anon. 1917b. Report on fish hatchery at Belleville,
Ontario. Can. Fisherman. 4(12): 505.
Report from the Thurlow Hatchery near Belleville, Ontario
on the successful whitefish egg - collecting season.
(Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
10. Anon. 1922a. Proposed minimum sizes for fish. Can.
Fisherman. 9(4): 77.
Gives the sizes below which fish are not to be taken.
The size limit for clscoe and lake herring from Lake
Ontario is to be not less than 8 ounces. (Univ. of
Toronto Main Library).
11. Anon. 1922b. Introduction of Pacific salmon in the
Great Lakes. Can. Fisherman. 9(4): 78.
Brief note on the occurrence of the spring or quinnat
salmon in the Bay of Quinte as a result of planting.
(Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
12. Anon. 1922c. Place doesn't agree with shad. Can.
Fisherman. 9(7): 150.
Note on the exceptionally large dead fish piles along
the shore of Lake Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto Main
Library).
13. Anon. 1922d. How Ontario benefits by fish culture.
Can Fisherman. 9(8): 173.
A discussion of the acclimatization of spring salmon,
Owco/tht/nc/iuA t&ckGLWyttcha, in Lake Ontario. Approxi-
mately 825,000 eggs were furnished by the United
States and the resultant fry were placed in suitable
tributaries of Lake Ontario. Included a brief mention
of the occurrence and description of spring salmon
taken near Youngstown, New York and in the Bay of Quinte.
-19-
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The indications point to the fact that this valuable
food fish may become fully acclimatized in its new
environment. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
I'l. Anon. 192*4a. The whitefish resources of our lakes.
Can. Fisherman. 11(3): 62.
A note on the successful whitefish fishery in Lake
Ontario as a result of stocking operations. (Univ. of
Toronto Main Library ) .
15. Anon. 192llb. Erie fishing opens well. Can. Fisherman.
90.
Brief mention is made concerning the good whitefish
yields at Bronte, on Lake Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto
Main Library ) .
16. Anon. 1924c. Ontario hatchery production. Can. Fisher
man. 11(5): 108.
Reports the distribution of 77,000,000 whitefish fry
from the Thurlow Hatchery into Lake Ontario and the
collection of over 70,000,000 pickerel eggs from fish
caught in the Napanee River. (Univ. of Toronto Main
Ligrary).
17. Anon. 1924d. About the Great Lakes. Can. Fisherman.
11(5): 108.
Contains a series of brief notes on various aspects of
the fishing industry in the Great Lakes. With refer-
ence to Lake Ontario, excellent catches of whitefish
are reported from several points. (Univ. of Toronto
Main Library ) .
IS. Anon. 192Me. Revival of whitefish. Can. Fisherman.
11(5): 109.
A brief note on the successful whitefish catch in
Lake Ontario due to restocking operations. (Univ. of
Toronto Main Library).
19. Anon. 192lJf. Spring salmon in Lake Ontario. Can.
Fisherman. 11(5): 123.
A brief note on the take of spring salmon in different
stages of development and growth up to 30 Ibs. in weight
as a result of the systematic stocking of Lake Ontario
with spring salmon of the Pacific coast. (Univ. of
Toronto Main Library ) .
-20-
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20. Anon. 1924g. Annual meeting of American Fisheries
Society. Can. Fisherman. 11(11): 299-302.
Contains a summary of the proceedings with notes on
various aspects of the fishing Industry. With reference
to Lake Ontario, the whiteflsh fishery is cited as an
example of the usefulness of hatchery operations. The
question was raised, however, as to whether the recovery
of the fisheries in Lake Ontario could not have been
brought about equally by the enforcement of adequate
restrictions. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
21. Anon. 1924h. Ontario fishing regulations amended.
Can. Fisherman. 11(8): 229-230.
The amended fishing regulations that apply to Lake
Ontario are as follows: Sec. 12 size limits - ciscoes
or lake herring from Lake Ontario cannot be taken if
less than 8 ounces; Sec. 13. restriction, Bay of
Qunite - cites fishing regulations for the months of
June, July and August. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
22. Anon. 1924i. Looks like late season in Great Lakes.
Can Fisherman. 11(11): 309-310.
Notes on the various fishing operations in the Great
Lakes are given. With reference to Lake Ontario,
560,000,000 fry were put into the waters for repro-
duction, the Pacific salmon was successfully Introduced
into the lake, fully-matured sockeye have been caught
in Lake Ontario, and an average of 200,000 young
sockeye have been released each year into Lake Ontario.
(Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
23. Anon. 1925a. Sudden cold hits Erie fisherman. Can.
Fisherman. 12(1): 17.
Contains a brief note on the good fishing season on Lake
Ontario despite the rough weather. (Univ. of Toronto
Main Library).
24. Anon. 1925b. News and notes of inland waters. Can.
Fisherman. 12(4): 92-93.
Reference to Lake Ontario is made in connection with a
large catch of burbet caught three miles off shore at
Belleville and also regarding above average catches
at Port Credit on Lake Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto
Main Library).
-21-
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25. Anon. 1925c. Canada's commercial fisheries. Can.
Fisherman. 12(4): 99-105-
Contains an overall view of Canadian fisheries including
fishing areas, regional divisions, economic value and
fish resources. The only reference to Lake Ontario
concerns the occurrence of the Atlantic salmon in
Ontario waters. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
26. Anon. 1925d. Good haul of whltefish. Can. Fisherman.
12(5): 119.
Report by fishermen on the poor catches at Bronte,
Lake Ontario versus good catches in the Bay of Quinte.
(Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
27. Anon. 1925e. Around the Great Lakes. Can. Fisherman.
12(7): 210.
Contains several brief articles on various aspects of
the fishing industry. An exceptionally large haul of
carp was reported from Hamilton Bay, a large number of
fish were caught in Belleville Bay, and a poor fishing
season was reported for the Bay of Qunite. (Univ. of
Toronto Main Library).
28. Anon. 1925f. Around the Great Lakes. Can. Fisherman.
12(12): 367-368.
Contains various brief articles on the fishing industry
of the Great Lakes. Included therein is a report from
Lake Ontario on the average fishing conditions there.
(Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
29. Anon. 1928a. Around the Great Lakes. Can. Fisherman.
15(5):
A brief note on the good fishing and exceptionally
fine catches of perch, pike and pickerel in Lake
Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
30. Anon. 1928b. Arov-nd the Lakes. Can. Fisherman.
15(9): 35.
A short article concerning the first-rate conditions
of the trout and whitefish in Lake Ontario, although
the quantities caught could be better. (Univ. of
Toronto Main Library).
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31. Anon. 1928c. Herring and perch run on lakes. Can.
Fisherman. 15(12): 37.
A brief paragraph on Lake Ontario concerns the magnifi-
cant run of herring, which was unfortunately interrupted
by rough weather. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
32. Anon, 19^6. Salmon once in Lake Ontario. Hunting and
Pishing in Canada. 12(6): 18, 32.
Gives an account of the teeming numbers of salmon which
used to inhabit the Ganaraska River, which flows into
Lake Ontario at Port Hope. (Toronto-Royal Ontario
Museum).
33. Anon. 1969- Great Lakes fishes. In: D. V. Anderson
(Ed.). The Great Lakes as an Environment. Great
Lakes Institute, Univ. Toronto. Appendix 6 (1).
PP. 32-39.
Annotated list of the principal commercial and sport
fishes in the Great Lakes including information on
importance and distribution of each fish in the
fishery. Statistics in graph form a comparison to
total U. S. versus Canadian Great Lakes commercial
fish production 1914-1961 and Great Lakes landings of
all species by lake, 1946-1961. (Canada Centre for
Inland Waters).
34. Anon. 1970. Kokanee: The sporting goldfish. Limnos.
3(4): 18-21.
The introduction of the kokanee, a freshwater sockeye
salmon, by the Dept. of Lands and Forests of Ontario
was attempted in Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay. These
plankton feeding salmon have been fairly successful
at establishing themselves in Georgian Bay but the
Lake Ontario program was unsuccessful.
35. Appleby, A. G. and Ralph 0. Brinkhurst. 1970.
Defecation rate of three tubificld oligochaetes
found in the sediment of Toronto Harbour, Ontario.
Journal Fish. Research Board Canada. 27: 1971-
1982.
The defecation rate of three tubificlds is affected
by temperature but the effect differs from species to
species. Information on defecation rate and weight
changes at each experimental temperature suggests
-23-
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an optimum temperature range of 1*J°C for Pe£0.6c.o£ex
mu.ttj,&e.to*u.&, 18°C for Tub^ex -tub-t^ex and greater
than 20°C for LtnwocUx£u4 ho^mtitte.*.*.. Doimward
trends of defecation rate with time were recorded for
P. mu.it4.&e.£o&u.-t>, but these were probably due to
lowered activity prior to the observed mortality.
Upward trends in defecation rate with time in L.
ko$6me.j.4tz>i4. may indicate continuing acclimation to
experimental conditions beyond their 10 to 14 day
duration, or a need to process increasing amounts of
less nutritious mud because of selective feeding or
the richer fractions at the beginning of the assay
period. Data on the relative abundance and distri-
bution of species in Toronto Harbour is used to
estimate defecation rates of the tubificid populations
in the field.
36. Atkins, Charles G. 187^. On the salmon of eastern
North America, and its artificial culture.
U. S. Commission Pish and Fisheries. Report
for 1872-1873, Part 2, App. B. pp. 226-337.
The above contains a discussion of restocking operations
and includes the following sections: Salmon Culture
from Imported Spawn, Salmon Breeding on the Penobscot,
Tabular Statements Embodying Observations on Salmon
and Salmon Rivers In Maine, Local History of Salmon
and Salmon-Fishing in New England Rivers and Notes on
the Growth and Migrations of Salmon.
The following references were made with respect to
Lake Ontario. In the spring of 1870 the first salmon
from Lake Ontario were Introduced into Maine and in 1871-
1872 the Commission bought eggs of Ontario salmon for
placement in Housatonic, Farmington, Shetucket and
Quinnebaug Rivers.
37. Atwater, W. 0. 1883. Report of progress of an
investigation of the chemical composition and
economic values of fish and invertebrates used
for food. U. S. Commission Fish and Fisheries.
Report for i860, Part 8, App. D. pp. 231-285.
Contained in this paper is an analysis of fish and
invertebrates in relation to their nutritive value.
Salmon trout or Mackinaw trout and Sa.lve.lJ,nu.A
namayc.u.&h were listed as occurring in Lake Ontario.
-------
38. Atwater, W. 0. 1892. The chemical composition and
nutritive values of food-fishes and aquatic
Invertebrates. U. S. Commission Pish and
Fisheries. Report for 1888, Part 16. pp. 679-868.
The investigation includes (1) chemical analyses of the
flesh of American food-fishes and invertebrates; (2)
experiments upon the digestibility of the flesh of
fish and (3) studies of the chemical constitution of
the albuminoids of the flesh of fish.
Analyses were made on the flesh of 123 specimens of
American fishes belonging to 52 species, of 3 specimens
and 2 species of European fishes and of 6*4 specimens
representing 11 species of American mollusks, crus-
taceans, etc.
Specimens listed as occuring in Lake Ontario were the
pickerel (p. 706) and lake or Macklnav* trout (p. 709).
Austin, Thomas - See: Willis L. Tressler, No. 558, 559.
39. Bailey, L. W. 1924. An annotated catalogue of the
diatoms of Canada showing their geographical dis-
tribution. Contributions Canadian Biology, New
Series. 2(2): 33-67.
The paper lists the different diatoms that have been
observed in Canada as well as the location where the
diatoms have been found. Mentioned specifically as
being found in Lake Ontario is Ep-cthem-io. g-cbba.
40. Bailey, L. W. 1925. An annotated catalogue of the
diatoms of Canada showing their geographical dis-
tribution. Contributions Canadian Biology , New
Series. 2(2): 31-68.
This paper attempts to list some of the diatoms of
Canada and their geographical distribution. Due to
the enormous extent of area, it is not complete but
rather a basis for further investigation. Not much
is mentioned concerning Lake Ontario although a few
species are mentioned as occurring there.
4l. Baillle, J. L. 1958. Barrows goldeneye and pomarine
Jaeger at Niagara Falls. Prothonotary. 24(3):
1958.
Presented here is information on observations on a
barrows goldeneye and pomarine jaeger which were
chilled by going over Niagara Falls. These species
are rare in this area.
-25-
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42. Baldwin, Norman S. 1952. Great Lakes fisheries prob-
lems. Univ. Toronto, Dept. Zoology. 6 p.
Unpublished,
The statistics of the Great Lakes fisheries Indicate a
decline in the catch of most valuable commercial species
during the last thirty years. It is generally believed
that this decline is due to heavy fishing or unwise
fishing practices, but there is some doubt that the
decline can be attributed to these factors entirely.
One thing is certain, there is no clear understanding
of what regulations or other management techniques are
required to give a sustained and economic yield of
fish.
There are three basic questions which are considered in
this report regarding the Great Lakes fisheries: (1)
What are the factors controlling the abundance of
certain commercial and game species?, (2) What use can
be made of large stocks of fish that are not presently
exploited? and (3) What steps can be taken to expedite
international control of the fisheries? (Toronto,
Ontario Pish. Research Lib. Zoology Library).
43. Baldwin, Norman S. 1958. Fisheries. Ontario Dept.
of Lands and Forests, Division Research Tech.
Series. Annual Research Progress Rept. 1956-57.
pp. 31-36.
Presented here is -a short account of fisheries research
in Canada. On Lake Ontario U,829 whitefish were sampled
from 65 commercial catches. Tagged whitefish recoveries
were very high (5l£) indicating high exploitation of the
populations. The undersize whitefish in the catches
were abundant. Tagged lake trout recoveries indicate
a high survival of New York State plantings. (Ontario
Dept. Lands & Forests Maple).
44. Baldwin, Norman S. 1965. Lampreys in the Great Lakes.
Ward's National Science Bulletin. 4(28): 1-7.
This article described the life cycle, distribution
and attempts to control the five species of lampreys
(petromygonidae) which now exist throughout the Great
Lakes. A brief description of the advance of these
parasites is also given. (Toronto, Ontario Fish.
Research Lib. Zoology Library).
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45. Bams, Robert A. 1959. Review of the Sea Lamprey
Problem. Proceedings Can. Committee Freshwater
Research, 12th Meeting. Appendix D: 14-15.
Sea lampreys appeared very early in Lake Ontario. The
first Lake Erie record was in 1921 and by 1932 evidence
that they were breeding in Lake Erie tributaries was
obtained. A brief life history is described as well as
methods for control. (Toronto, Ontario Fish. Research
Lib. Zoology Library).
46. Barnett, J. M. 1971. Ashbridges Bay. Ontario
Naturalist. 9(4): 24-26.
Ashbridges Bay has undergone and is undergoing vast
changes that will drastically effect the wildlife of
the area. A history of the area since 1793 is pre-
sented with many references to the changes and problems
experienced in the waterfowl populations. Some des-
criptions of early fishing in the bay is mentioned.
Bastien, J. A. P. - See: A. D. Tennant , No. 550.
Batoosingh, E. - See: R. 0. Brinkhurst, No. 75.
47. Bean, Barton A. and Alfred C. Weed. 1911. Notes on
the genus Lepom-U. Proceedings U. S. National
Museum. 40(1824): 369-376 + plates.
This group of fresh-water sunfishes has been variously
divided by different authors based mainly on the pre-
sence or absence of a supplemental maxillary and the
shape of the lower pharyngeal bones, the character of
their teeth, the length and shape of the pectoral fin
and the presence or absence of a red spot on the
opercular flap.
The paper is essentially a taxonomic hassle with des-
criptions presented.
48. Bean, Tarleton H. l884a. The Burbot - Lata
In: Goode, George Brown (Ed.). The Fishery
Industry of the United States. U. S. Commission
Fish and Fisheries, pp. 235-240.
This article gives the size, habitat, abundance, dis-
tribution, feeding habits, economic value and
reproduction activities of the Burbot. In Lake Ontario
the Burbot is known as the "Ling" and generally its
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average weight is two and a half pounds. In the region
of the Great Lakes, the Burbot is considered worthless
whereas in other parts of the world it is highly
esteemed. It is stated that not much is known of the
life history of the Burbot and this is exemplified by
the fact that the author requested that anyone who has
information on the Burbot to submit it to the Commiss-
ioner of Fisheries.
49. Bean, Tarleton H. l884b. On the occurrence of the
Branch Alewife in Certain Lakes of New York. In:
Goode, George Brown (Ed.). The Fishery Industries
of the United States, U. S. Commission of Fish and
Fisheries Section III, Part S(177). pp. 588-593-
The article discusses the occurrence of the branch
alewife in Lake Ontario, Cayuga and Seneca Lakes. The
author attributes the presence of the alewife in Lake
Ontario through accidental introduction of it when
Shad was introduced into the lake. Also discussed are
the movements of schools of alewife, enemies and
fatalities, and the methods of capturing and utilizing
the alewife.
50. Bean, Tarleton H. 1902. Food and game fishes of New
York. 7th Annual Report, Forest, Fish and Game
Commission, State of New York Assembly Documents.
25(63): 251-460.
This article is a compilation of food and game fishes
numbering 149 species. The habitat of these fishes
is in the drainage systems of New York State, much of
which in some way communicates with Lake Ontario.
These belong to 36 families of which the most important
are the Catfish, Sucker, Minnow, Herring, Salmon, Pike,
Mackerel, Sunfish and Weakfish families.
51. Beardslee, Clark S. 1944. Bonapartes' gull on the
Niagara River and Weatern Lake Erie. The Wilson
Bulletin. 56(1): 9-14.
A study was made on the group movements, dates of
molting and variant plumage of Bonaparte's Gulls on
the Niagara River and eastern Lake Erie from 1921 to
1943.
The adults arrive in late March and early April, leave
during May, return in late July and August, and depart
in September, October and November. The young of the
previous year arrive in May, drift northward in late
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May and early June and probably compose a large portion
of the great November and December flocks. Juveniles
are rare in the fall. Rates of prenuptial and post-
nuptial molts are given. The band-headed plumage of
adults and immature birds is described.
52. Beardslee, Clark S. and H. D. Mitchell. 1965- Birds of
the Niagara Frontier Region. An annotated check
list. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural
Sciences. Vol. 22. M?8 p.
This check list of birds in the Niagara Frontier Region
includes information on waterfowl, gulls, shorebirds
from the Niagara River and nearby Lake Ontario. Infor-
mation includes general information on the birds,
observation dates and exact areas. Information on
seasonal status, nomenclature, classification and
relation to climate is included.
Beeton, Alfred M. - See: John E. Gannon, No. 177.
53. Beeton, Alfred M. 1965. Eutrophication of the St.
Lawrence Great Lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10(2):
240-25**.
Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior are classified as
ollgotrophic lakes on the basis of their biological,
chemical and physical characteristics. Lake Ontario,
although rich in nutrients, is morphometrically
ollgotrophic or mesotrophic because of its large area
of deep water. Lake Erie, the most productive of the
lakes and the shallowest, is eutrophic. Several
changes commonly associated ivith eutrophication in
small lakes have been observed in the Great Lakes.
These changes apparently reflect accelerated eutro-
phication in the Great Lakes due to man's activity.
54. Beeton, Alfred M. 1966. Indices of Great Lakes
eutrophication. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes
Research Division. Proceedings 9th Conference
Great Lakes Research. 15: 1-8.
The concept of eutrophication is discussed in terms
of its relationship to aging of lakes, environmental
changes and pollution. Various changes in physical,
chemical and biological characteristics of the Great
Lakes are reviewed. Increases in nitrogen, phos-
phorus, changes in species composition and increases
in the abundance of plankton, decreases in the
dissolved oxygen content of bottom waters, changes
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in fish populations in Lake Erie, the replacement of
Bo^rno. cotie.gon.ji by B. tonQ
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57. Beeton, Alfred M. 1970a. Statement on pollution and
eutrophlcation of the Great Lakes. Univ. of
Wisconsin, Center for Great Lakes Studies.
Report No. 11. 35 P•
The St. Lawrence Great Lakes constitute one of the most
important resources of North America because of their
size and generally excellent quality of their waters.
The multiple use of the Lakes has resulted in a number
of serious problems for which we are attempting to find
solutions. Some problems have been: the collapse of
certain fisheries due to the invasion and population
explosion of the alewife, a marine fish, the periodic
die offs of which have made many beaches unstable and
worked a great economic hardship on the tourist industry;
pollution which has resulted in accelerated eutrophica-
tion of the lakes; and regulation of water levels to meet
the needs of shipping, hydroelectric power and shoreline
property owners.
58. Beeton, Alfred M. 1970b. Statement on pollution and
eutrophication of the Great Lakes to Sub-committee
on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee of
Public Works U. S. Senate. Center for Great Lakes
Studies, Univ. Wisconsin, Milwaukee. 39 p.
Included in this report is a review and general statement
on the eutrophication and changes in all the Great Lakes.
Concerning Lake Ontario is the discussion of the changes
In the planktonic algae and commercial fisheries both in
species" and quantity changes and some reasons for the
change-graphs are included. A discussion of the eutro-
phication problem and its significance in the accelerated
changes in*the Great Lakes the pollution problem is
summarized. The phosphorus sources of Lake Ontario are
included in a chart and its specific effects on biota of
the Lake. Some remedial measures and specific recommen-
dations of the problems concerning the Great Lakes are
made.
59. Beeton, Alfred M.and David C. Chandler. 1963. The St.
Lawrence Great Lakes. In: Frey, D. G. (Ed.).
Limnology in North America. The Univ. Wisconsin
Press, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 535-558.
This paper includes a general overview of some of the
biological, chemical and physical characteristics of
the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. A discussion of the
characteristic organisms of all the Great Lakes
-31-
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including Lake Ontario Is Included. Changes in relative
species composition and quantity is noted. A history of
Great Lakes research including biology is discussed along
with the agencies involved.
60. Belknap, John B. 1955. The expanding range of the ring-
billed gull. The Auk. 5(3): 63-64.
The ring-billed gull (Lou/ta rfe^eva>tew4^4 ) is an Inland
species, its home originally being the prairie regions
of the United States and Canada. However, the breeding
area has been expanding and by 1927 it had secured a
toehold in northeastern Lake Ontario. It is believed
the first breeding record of this species was on Gull
Island off Hevderson Harbor, Lake Ontario. This popu-
lation increased to 45,000 pairs in 1955.
Bell, James B. - See: Bernard J. Dutka, No. 138, 139,
140.
Bell, James B. - See: H. VanOtterloo, No. 572.
61. Bellis, V. J. and D. A. McLarty. 1967. Ecology of
Ctadophoia. Qtomo.na.ta. (I.) Ku-tz. in Southern
Ontario. Journal Phycology. 3(2): 57-63.
Ctadopkona glome.ia.ta (I.) Ku-tz. was identified as the
most conspicuous alga in streams and along the shores
of the lower Great Lakes. This species was the plant
most frequently associated with nuisance accumulations
of algae along beaches in Lakes Erie and Ontario.
Included in the paper is an ecological and morphological
discussion of Cladopkoia.
62. Bennett, Elizabeth A. 1969a. Bacteriology of the
Great Lakes. In: Anderson, D. V. (Ed.). The
Great Lakes as an Environment. Great Lakes
Institute, Univ. Toronto. Appendix 6(4): 87-107.
This paper presents some information on bacteriology of
the Great Lakes. Each lake is considered in terms of
"Indicator" bacteria, which are bacteria of public
health significance, pathogenic bacteria, indigenous
bacteria and types of heterotrophic bacteria in water
and sediments. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
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63. Bennett, Elizabeth A. 1969b. Investigations of daily
variations in chemical, bacteriological and biolo-
gical parameters at two Lake Ontario locations near
Toronto. Part II - Bacteriology. Proceedings 12th
Conference Great Lakes Research, pp. 21-38.
Daily variations in densities of coliforms, fecal celi-
forms, enterococci and total plate count were investigated
using samples collected five days a week from Toronto
Harbour (TH-1) and the raw water intake of the R. C. Harris
Filtration Plant (LO-6). Weekly depth and sediment samples
were collected to complement information from daily sampl-
ings. Bacterial populations at the two stations were log-
normal distributed and deviations occurred in response to
changing meteorological conditions. At TH-1, increases in
numbers of bacteria within 24 to 48 hours following rain-
fall. At LO-6, increases were generally associated with
epillmnetic water and off-shore wind. Densities of total
coliforms and enterococci exhibited seasonal variations,
the numbers of coliforms being the highest in summer and
lowest in winter, while those of enterococci were the
reverse.
The genus Aetomcma.6, non-coliforms, comprised a signifi-
cant proportion of the sheen and non-sheen colonies from
m-Endo coliform plates. Among total plate count isolates
increase in the percent incidence of the genus Ac
-------
Berg, C. 0. - See: W. M. Herman, No. 231.
65. Best, T. P. 1912. Lake Ontario and Bay of Qulnte.
Ontario Game and Pish Dept. 5th Annual Report
(1911): 39-50.
The paper reports a summary of the findings of the
overseerers in each of their districts. It was noted
that most fishermen had obeyed the fishing regulations
during the year. The inspectors mentioned an increas-
ing carp problem, having had several complaints that
the perch fishing is being spoiled by the carp eating
up all the spawn. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
Bldgood, B. - See: H. R. McCrimmon, No. 351.
66. Bigelow, N. K. 1922. Representative Ctadoma, of
Southwestern Ontario. Univ. Toronto Studies,
Biological Series Nos. 17-21: 111-128.
During the past two years the author of this paper made
a special study of the Cta.doc.ifia in various parts of
the Province of Ontario. The occurrence of forty-nine
species of Ctadoce.** is recorded according to the
classification and arrangement based on Birge (1918).
Samples were studied from Georgian Bay, Port Sydney,
Toronto, Lake Ontario, Bond Lake, Wilcox Lake, Lake
Erie and Point Pelee. Drawings used to illustrate the
papers were made from specimens collected in the various
localities mentioned above.
Bishop, S* C. - See: J. R. Greeley, No. 216.
Blahaslee, C. L. - See: Imogene Robertson, No. 488.
67. Blaln, A. W. 1904. Holboell's grebe at Niagara Palls.
The Auk. 21: 276-277.
While on a trip to Niagara Palls (Sept. 20, 1903), the
author found a fine specimen of Holboell's Grebe (Cotym-
bu.6 ha.tboe.lti) on the Canadian side Just opposite the
American Palls. It had been shot by the proprietor of
a curio shop while it was swimming out in the rapids.
58. Blair, A. A. 1938. Scales of Lake Ontario salmon
indicate a landlocked form. Copeia. 4: 206.
Scale analysis shows that the difference between the
ouananiche salmon from Lake St. John and the Lake
Ontario salmon Is not significant but the difference
between Lake Ontario salmon and the sea salmon from
Mlramichi Bay is significant.
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69. Bligh, G, E. 1971. Environmental factors affecting
the utilization of Great Lakes fish as human food.
Limnos. 4(1): 13-18.
Factors affecting the utilization of Great Lakes fish
as human food are discussed in this report. Included
were changes in species quantity and quality due to
increased rate of eutrophication. Contamination of
fish from bacteria and industrial wastes is included.
Concerning pesticides and mercury, data is in tables.
In Lake Ontario, fish approaching or exceeding allow-
able limits of pesticides are whitefish lake herring
and white perch. Average mercury levels of some fish
in Lake Ontario Is included with the breakdown into
basins and areas as to area analyzed. Lake Ontario
appears to be suffering most from mercury pollution with
only smelt, lake herring and whitefish running consis-
tently below the 0.5 ppm limit.
Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. - See: A. G. Appleby, No. 35.
Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. - See: M. Waure, No. 579.
70. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. 1964. Studies on the North
American aquatic oligochaeta I. Wax.d-t.dae and
Op4.4toc.y&t4,dae.. Proceedings Academy Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 116: 195-
230.
The occurrence and distribution of North American aquatic
oligochaeta has been reviewed from a study of museum
collections at the American Museum of Natural History,
New York; the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia;
and the United States National Museum, Washington, as
well as collections loaned by limnologists from all
over North America and some material collected by the
author. Most of the Na-cd-tdae recorded in North American
literature have been found, together with some not yet
previously recorded, and these are described and figured.
Keys to the species are also erected. The geophysical
distribution of the species found Is briefly discussed.
71. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. 1969a. The fauna of pollution.
In: Anderson, D. V. (Ed.). The Great Lakes as
an environment. Great Lakes Institute, Univ.
Toronto. Report PR 39. pp. 97-112.
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The paper deals with the different types of fauna found
in polluted waters from plankton to fish. Discussed is
the concept of an ecosystem of a lake and the changes
which occur when the lake undergoes eutrophication
through the addition of sewage, meat packing wastes,
dairy and cannery wastes. An emphasis is placed on the
changes in the benthic community under enrichment con-
ditions. The article generally covers the Great Lakes
with a specific remark on the Bay of Qunite and Toronto
Harbor. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
72. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. I969b. Changes in the benthos of
Lakes Erie and Ontario. In: Sweeney, R. A. (Ed.).
Proceedings of the Conference on Changes in the
Biota of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Bulletin of the
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 25(1): 45-65.
Recently a few pieces of evidence have come to light
which suggest that a lake Is as productive as its water-
shed and nutrient input. It is suggested that if we
control the input of nutrients we can control eutrophica-
tion and perhaps reverse the process.
Brinkhurst urges examining regions of the Great Lakes
and identifying the areas that may be considered under-
going accelerated eutrophication.
The benthic organisms may be the best Indicators of
change. These organisms, however, are very poorly
known in terms of both systematics and ecology. The
increased interest in pollution detection using
biological parameters has led to a greater awareness
of the need for study of benthic organisms.
The paper contains a comparative review of the benthic
Investigations In both lakes Erie and Ontario. The
discussion includes the following organisms: oligo-
chaetes, sphaeriids, mollusks and chlronomids. These
organisms can be used as indicators on the basis of
their associations and population densities in areas
of known pollution. These relationships should at
least establish some ground rules for the future inves-
tigations of the benthic communities and serve as a
yearstick against which later changes may be measured.
73. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. 1970. Distribution and abundance
of tublficid (Olegochaeta) species in Toronto
Harbour, Lake Ontario. Journal Fish. Research
Board of Canada. 27: 1961-1969-
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Toronto Harbour, Lake Ontario, receives a considerable
load of raw, partially treated and treated sewage, as
well as other organic and inorganic pollutants from the
Don River, the storm water overflows of the City of
Toronto, large and small ships, summer homes on the
Toronto islands and surrounding industries. A detailed
study of the relation between the worm population and
certain constituents of the sediment is currently being
undertaken, following the pilot study of Brinkhurst and
Chua (1969). In this paper the distribution and abun-
dance of species present and some data on dry weight
determinations are discussed. One set of samples was
taken ever 4 hr. for a period of 20 hr. to check for
diurnal changes in vertical distribution of the worms.
74. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0. and Kian E. Chua. 1969. Pre-
liminary investigation of the exploitation of
some potential nutritional resources by three
sympatric tubiflcid ollgochaetes. Journal Pish.
Research Board Canada. 26: 2659-2668.
Eight heterotrophic aerobic bacteria were Identified in
samples from Toronto Harbour. The three tubificid
species present seem to ingest most if not all of these,
but different species survive passage through the gut.
One of the three worm species absorbs amino acid from
solution in the absence of bacteria in the gut. It is
suggested that the results indicate differences in the
utilization of the potential nltritional resources by
the worms, which may be reflected in the ability of
three unspecialized sediment feeders to coexist in the
same mlcrohabitat.
75. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0., Kian E. Chua and E. Batoosingh.
1969. Modifications in sampling procedures as
applied to studies on the bacteria and tubificid
oligochaetes inhabiting aquatic sediments.
Journal Fish. Research Board Canada. 26: 258l-
2593.
The KB corer has many advantages over other bottom-
sampling devices including some other coring tubes.
It may be used to obtain reliable estimates of the
standing stock of benthlc invertebrates inhabiting
soft sediments and of their spatial distribution in
lakes and rivers. It may be used for studies of the
vertical distribution of animals and bacteria, and
could be used for a wide variety of studies on sedi-
ments. Multiple-unit versions have been built and
operated, thus, overcoming the size limitation imposed
by the basic design. This paper communicated some
results obtained using this sampler.
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76. Brinkhurst, Ralph 0, A. L. Hamilton and H. B. Herrington.
1968. Components of the bottom fauna of the St.
Lawrence, Great Lakes. Great Lakes Institute. Univ.
Toronto, PR - 33. 50 p.
During synoptic cruises through Georgian Bay, Lake
Ontario and Lake Erie, patterns of 60-80 stations were
sampled by the crew of the Porte Dauphine, the research
vessel of the Great Lakes Institute, University of
Toronto. The bottom samples were used to determine the
distributions of the major components of the bottom
fauna. Three groups, the oligochaeta, sphaeriidae and
chlronomidae were studied extensively. The Identity of
the species found and their distribution in the lakes
is discussed.
77. Brisbin, Angus, et.al. 1911. Lake Ontario and Bay
of Quinte. Ontario Game and Fisheries Dept.
4th Annual Rept. pp. JJO-Jjg. 2 plates.
These reports are summaries given by overseers of the
areas along Lake Ontario and Bay of Quinte. Commercial
fish and angling catches are discussed along with
illegal activities in each of their districts concern-
ing fishing. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
7B. Britten, B. T. 1970. Observations on the ecology of
the American Niagara Falls. Report for the New
York State Senate. 16 p. (Unpublished).
The- dewatering^ of the American Niagara Falls In 1969
provided an opportunity to study its biology.
Collection and identification was made on organisms
living among the talus and within 300 ft. of the
crest line above the falls and determinations of the
estimated ecological conditions within the falls area
were made. The collections produced a limited number
of animal species generally represented by many
individuals. Collected were mollusks , crustaceans ,
fish, insects and annelids. The plants of the area
Included algae, mosses and vascular plants. The
algae Ctadophoia predominated the flora of the area.
Brown, Dugald E. A. - See: Carl L. Hubbs, No. 261.
Bruce, Allan - See: Bernard J. Dutka, No. 139,
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79. Bruce, Allan, Arnold Jurkovic and Bernard J. Dutka.
1967. A bacteriological study of the International
section of the St. Lawrence River, conducted for
the advisory board on water pollution, International
Joint Commission. Dept. of National Health and
Welfare, Division of Public Health Engineering,
Kingston, Ontario. Manuscript Kept. No. 67-lB.
41 p.
The present report records and summarizes the bacteri-
ological data obtained from the May 5 to September 14,
1967 study of the St. Lawrence River.
The data show a progressive downstream increase in
coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and
20°C and 35°C standard plate counts. The majority
of the northern stations (Canadian) were more pollu-
ted than the southernmost (U.S.A.) stations. Data
also Indicates that there Is no obvious cross-
boundary drift of pollution. (Rochester - EPA).
80. Budd, J. C., R. G. Ferguson and W. J. Christie. 1955.
Lamprey scar counts from Canadian waters of the
Great Lakes. Great Lakes Research Commission,
Toronto, Ontario. Annual Rpet. for the Year
1954. Appendix. 3: 1-9.
The lamprey scar counts as reported for 1953 were
extended in 1954 to include Lake Superior, Lake Erie
and Lake Ontario. The counts were made by means of
a questionnaire mailed each month to all commercial
fishermen on the four lakes. These fishermen were
asked to count both fresh and healed lamprey scars
on their catches of trout and whitefish taken on a
single day each month. In Lake Ontario, total
scarring (both fresh and healed scars) is 11.6*,
slightly more than double that found in Lake Huron
and about three times greater than for Lake Superior.
(Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
81. Budden, Frederick, R. 1953. Where are Lake Ontario's
whitefish? Can. Fisherman. 40(5): 25.
The last really good catch of whitefish In Lake Ontario
occurred around 1942 as illustrated by the fact that
the fishing fleet out of Port Hope, Ontario has
dwindled to two boats. This article contains an
Interview with some of the fishermen affected and a
brief discussion of some aspects of the whitefish
fishery. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
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82. Burdick, G. E. 1940. A biological survey of the Lake
Ontario watershed. Studies on the Invertebrate
fish food in certain lakes, bays, streams and
ponds of the Lake Ontario watershed. NYS Conser-
vation Dept. Supplemental to the 29th Annual
Kept, for 1939. pp. 147-166.
Studies of the fish food (exclusive of plankton) of the
Lake Ontario watershed dealt primarily with the areas
that sustain the greatest intensity of fishing. One
hundred eighty-seven collections will serve as a basis
for calculation of the quantitative data and ecological
notes on the mollusca. Stomach analyses of fish were
undertaken in some of the areas that were studied.
Pollution studies were made in some of the areas also.
Graphs to show quantity of food, type of bottom and
dpeth for each dredge line in several areas accompanied
by outline maps to show the location of each line are
included.
33. Burkholden, P. R. and Willis L. Tressler. 1932.
Plankton studies in some northern New York waters.
NYS Conservation Dept. Supplemental to 21st
Annual Rept. for 1931., Biological Survey. 6:
222-251.
As part of the biological survey carried on in the
summer of 1931, plankton studies were made in several
bays of eastern Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River
and certain lakes whose waters flow into the latter.
Plankton collections were made from four bays in Lake
Ontario, two large lakes and from the St. Lawrence
River. In each of these lakes and bays from one to
ten stations were selected for monthly observations in
June, July, August 1931. At each station, quantitative
and qualitative determinations of the various kinds of
plankton organisms were made.
84, Cain, R. P. 1930. Porno x-64 annu.la.*44 in Ontario.
Can. Field Naturalist. 44(6): 149.
Contains a brief note on the occurrence of
annu.taA
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85. Cairo, A. M., R. Yalkovsky and D. T. Meloon, Jr. 1971.
Bacterial indicators of water pollution in the
upper Niagara River. Abstract of paper presented
at the 14th Conference Great Lakes Research,
Toronto, April 19-21, 1971. pp. 53-54.
Water samples taken from the upper Niagara River between
Lake Erie and Grand Island, and in the Black Rock Canal
were examined for bacteriological indicators of water
pollution. Bacteriological parameters used were as
follows: the membrane filter technique on Eosin Methy-
lene Blue agar for enumeration of coliforms, the
elevated temperature technique for fecal coliforms and
the membrane filter technique incubated on Streptococcus
agar for fecal streptococci differentiation.
86. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1968a. Lake Ontario
Limnological Report No. 1. Canadian Oceanographic
Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario. 85 p.
This report is one on a series containing chemical,
physical and bacteriological data from the waters of
Lake Ontario. Biological parameters consisted of
coliforms and fecal coliform counts.
Bacteriological data was obtained on one lake-wide
cruise from April 30 to May 3, which consisted of 77
sampling stations.
87. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1968b. Lake Ontario
Limnological Report No. 3. Canadian Oceanographic
Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario. 85 p.
This report is one of a series containing chemical,
physical and bacteriological data from tae waters of
Lake Ontario. Biological parameters consisted to
coliform and fecal coliform counts.
Bacteriological data was collected on two lake-wide
cruises. The first was October 5-9, 1956 and consisted
of 82 sampling stations. The second cruise was from
November 17-22, 1968 and consisted of 45 sampling
stations.
88. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969a. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 1, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
40 p.
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The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
from two cruises, May 31-June 5 and June 6-10, 1966, with
sampling stations which covered the entire lake.
89. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969b. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 3, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
88 p.
The report Is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data from a
cruise on Lake Ontario June 20-26, 1966. The sampling
stations covered the entire lake.
90. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969c. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. U, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
113 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
from a cruise on Lake Ontario June 26-31, 1966. The
sampling stations covered the southern side of the lake.
91. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969d. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 5> 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
125 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
from a cruise on Lake Ontario H-10, with sampling
stations which covered the whole lake.
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92. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969e. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 6, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
116 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
on two cruises of Lake Ontario. The first cruise
extended from July 11-15, 1966 and consisted of 75
sampling locations situated over the entire lake except
for the far eastern end. The second cruise was made
from July 19-24, 1966 and 88 sampling stations were
established over the entire lake.
93. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969f. Limnological
Data Report No. 7, Lake Ontario, 1966. (Cruise
66-9 July 26-29, Cruise 66-10 August 2-7).
Canadian Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington,
Ontario. 113 p.
This report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
This report contains bacteriological sample data on two
cruises (a) extended from July 26-29 and consisted of
19 sampling stations which were concentrated in two
areas in the middle of Lake Ontario. The second cruise
(b) consisted of 79 sampling stations taken over the
entire lake with concentrations off the Niagara River.
94. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969g. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 9, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
119 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government ag3ncles.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
on two lakewide cruises August 14-19, 1966 and August
29-Septeraber 2, 1966.
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95. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969h. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 10, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
80 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
from two cruises, the first, September 6-11, 1966 and
the second, September 12-16, 1966. The cruises covered
the entire lake.
96. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 19691. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 11, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
109 P.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains biological sample data obtained from
a cruise on Lake Ontario from September 20-2U, 1966
which covered the southern and eastern portions of the
Lake.
97. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1969J. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 12, 1966. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
73 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
from two cruises, the first September 26-30, 1966 and
the second September 30-October 3, 1966. The sampling
stations covered the entire lake.
98. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1970a. Annual Report,
1969. Burlington, Ontario, pp. 6-10.
A number of important developments occurred at the
Canada Centre for Inland Waters in 1969. Outlines of
the various departments of the Centre are included in
the report. These departments represent a spectrum of
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the research and activities occurring on the St. Lawrence
Great Lakes. The Fisheries Research Board is of parti-
cular interest because of analysis of trace nutrient
concentrations, nanaplankton and algal growth.
99. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1970b. Limnologlcal
Data Report No. 1, Lake Ontario, 1967. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
212 p.
This report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by government of Canada agencies. The first
cruise extended from June 12-17, 1967 and consisted of
73 sampling stations located over the entire lake. The
second cruise extended from June 25-29, 1967 and con-
sisted of 73 sampling stations situated over the entire
lake. The third cruise consisted of 62 sampling stations
situated over the entire lake.
100. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1970c. Lake Ontario
Limnologlcal Data Report No. 2, 1969. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
179 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
on two lakewide cruises, July 25-30 in which 86 samples
were taken and August 5-10 in which 80 samples were
taken.
101. Canadian Centre for Inland Waters. 1970d. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 3, 1967. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
232 p.
The report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
from three lakewide cruises on Lake Ontario from August
21-26, 1967 in which 78 samples were taken; September
5-8, 1967 in which 75 samples were taken and September
16-21, 1967 in which 91 samples were taken.
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102. Canada Centre for Inland Waters. 1970e. Lake Ontario
Limnological Data Report No. 4, 1967. Canadian
Oceanographic Data Centre, Burlington, Ontario.
203 P.
This report is one of a series listing chemical, physical
and bacteriological data for waters of Lake Ontario
observed by Canadian government agencies.
The report contains bacteriological sample data obtained
on three lakewlde cruises, October 1-6, 196? with 81
sampling stations; October 17-21, 1967 with 50 sampling
stations and October 28-November 2 with 83 sampling
stations.
103. Canada Fisheries Research Board. 1958. Technological
Unit, London, Ontario. Canada Pish. Research Board
Kept, for 1957-58. pp. 1630165.
The organizational period of the Unit consisted in
establishing contacts with the freshwater fishing
industry, finding out about its problems, furnishing
technical advice and information and carrying out
investigations when feasible.
In the Bay of Quinte, hoop nets were used for catching
yellow perch, yellow pickerel and catfish. Gill nets
were used in Lake Ontario proper and analyses were
made on Lake Ontario alewlfe.
Chandler, D. C. - See: A. M. Beeton, No. 59.
104. Chandler, D. C. 1967. The St. Laurence Great Lakes.
Great Lakes Research Division, Univ. Michigan.
1: 280-296.
Presented is a general discussion of biological, chemical
and physical characteristics of all the Laurential Great
Lakes. Concerning biology species lists of phytoplank-
ton, zooplankton, benthos and fish are presented and
discussed only in general terms as applying to all the
Great Lakes in general. A discussion of the history of
research organizations and programs is also included.
Christie, W. J. - See: J. C. Budd, No. 80.
Christie, W. J. - See: E. T. Garside, No. 178.
Christie, W. J. - See: W. B. Scott, No. 500.
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105. Christie, William J. 1955. Report on Lake Ontario
investigations. Annual Kept. Great Lakes Research
Commission for the Year 1954, Section 2: Appendix
20: 1-14.
Between May 19 and September 18, 2441 whltefish were
examined from 4? commercial catches taken in Eastern
Lake Ontario. Data from the monthly reports of the
fishermen are not yet complete. The sizes of the
captured whitefish were measured and attempts were made
at tagging them in the Bay of Quinte. This series of
measurements was being used to determine the optimum
mesh size for commercial fishermen. Tagging was used
in an effort to determine the main migration routes of
the whitefish in the Bay of Quinte.
A lake trout rehabilitation programme was Instituted
which involved stocking marked lake trout and the
cooperation of commercial fishermen who observed the
effects of lamprey on these stocked populations.
(Univ. of Toronto Dept. Zoology).
106. Christie, William J. 1959. Ontario-New York Conference,
Minutes of Meeting, April 9-10, 1959. Watertown,
New York, Appendix A - Lake Ontario lake trout
study, 1958 progress report. 5 p. + tables.
Included in the lake trout study is a discussion of
plantings and recoveries with information on distri-
bution, size, food and feeding, sex and state of
maturity and lamprey scarring. (Univ. of Toronto
Dept. Zoology).
107. Christie, William J. 1963. Effects of artificial
propagation and the weather on recruitment in
the Lake Ontario whitefish fishery. Journal
Pish. Research Board Canada. 20(3): 597-646.
No significant relationship could be found between
variations in the level of fry planting and ensuing
variations in the level of catch in the long-term
statistics of the Lake Ontario whitefish gill-net
fishery. An alternate-year planting experiment,
in which fry were planted in the even numbered years
1944 through 195^, similarly fail to show a detectable
level of contribution of the hatchery fish to the
fishery. The supported year-classes averaged larger
than those not given hatchery support but this was
judged coincidental because of a phasing with an
alternate-year periodicity which characterized the
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catch statistics over the whole series examined, and
was present six years prior to the start of the
alternate year plantings.
A possible explanation for this periodicity was
suggested by a significant correlation between air
temperatures at times of spawning and hatching and
the strengths of the produced year-classes. Cold
Novembers followed by warm Aprils appeared to provide
conditions associated with the production of larger
year-classes, with the opposite combinations relating
to the weaker broods.
The disappearance of lake trout and ciscoes from the
commercial catch resulted in increased fishing pressure
directed towards the capture of the whltefish. Increases
in the efficiency and intensity of the fishing were
observed during the period of study and were likely
responsible for the reduction of the average age of the
fish in the catch by almost one year, and resultant
restriction of the annual catch to one year-class in
recent years. Probably because most of the fish are
currently caught before first spawning, a decline in
spawning stock was almost continuous during the study
period. The year to year fluctuations in the level of
the catch increased both because of the reduced age
and because of a greater variation in year-class strength.
The year-classes produced in favorable years tended to
decrease, down to quite low levels of stock. This gave
a configuration similar to RlCher's Type C reproduction
curve, and which differed chiefly in that the limiting
diagonal representing minimum reproduction fell belo%
the replacement diagonal. It was suggested that the
whiteflsh may require more than one spawning to achieve
stock replacement. The present Instability of the
catch, and the potentially serious effect of any sus-
tained break in the rythm of the climatic conditions
suggest a condition of over-exploitation in this case.
108. Christie, William J. 1965. Pishing in the Bay of
Quinte. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests.
Special Publication. 12 p.
Some aspects of the Bay of Quinte fishery resource
and fisheries, both commercial and sport Is presented
here. The fish considered are almost exclusively
commercial and consist of whitefish, bullheads, carp,
eels and channel catfish. Exclusively sport fish
consist of large and smallmouth bass, pike and mask-
inonge. Pish shared by both fisheries included
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percheral (walleye) smelt, perch, rock bass, sunfish and
bluegills. Research is currently being done of these
fisheries. The problem of the Joint use of the yellow
pickerel is under investigation. The yellow pickerel
is the most important species for both the sport and
commercial fisheries. A summary of the growth repro-
duction and ecology of the yellow pickerel is included.
The white perch, a recent arrival to these waters, is
now the most abundant fish and it is hoped to contribute
to the sport fishery.
109. Christie, William J. 1968. Possible influences of
fishing in the decline of Great Lakes fish stock.
Proceedings 13th Conference Great Lakes Research.
pp. 31-38.
The policy of liberalized fish management which has
been in effect in the Great Lakes is assessed in the
light of the seriously depreciated condition of many
of the premium stocks, and xtfith reference to recent
information on the over-fishing problem. It is
suggested that year class irregularity may result
from excessive fishing pressure and that the rebound
of a stock is not necessarily to be expected after a
collapse. It is proposed that in situations where
environmental change is not obviously involved, repro-
duction difficulties should be dealt with by means
of restrictive environmental management.
The eastern Lake Ontario whitefish population is a
good example of an over-exploited fish stock. The
analysis of data on spawn deposition, average year
class, strength and survival points to the fact that
stock reduction is primarily due to the fishery in
that area.
110, Christie, William, J. 1971. Fish species succession
in Lake Ontario. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests
Glenora Fisheries Station, Picton, Ontario.
Unnumbered. (Unpublished manuscript).
It has been many years since the publication of the
last comprehensive description of the fish stocks of
Lake Ontario. These years have unquestionably been
most important in the history of the lake insofar as
species change is concerned and this paper is offered
primarily as a chronicle of these events. The
succession of fish species is moreover presented
against known changes, both biotic and abiotic, in
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the fish environment and to the extent that interpre-
tation seemed allowable, possible relationship has been
suggested. These are of course largely speculative, but
they are offered as a background of hypotheses however
fragile, to provide directions for future research.
General observations on successional changes, individual
species change including most of the cold and warm water
fish found in Lake Ontario are discussed. Statistics of
fish catches by species since 1900 are Included with
differentiation between the eastern, western and central
portion and Bay of Quinte in many instances. The names
of the known fishes which have inhabited or still live
in Lake Ontario are included. (Univ. of Toronto Dept.
Zoology).
Chua, K. E. - See: R. 0. Brinkhurst, No. 74, 75.
111. Claassen, P. W. and N. L. Cutler. 1928, Biological
studies of polluted waters in the Oswego watershed.
State of New York Conservation Dept., Supplemental
to 17th Annual Rept. for 1927. A Biological Survey
of the Oswego River System, pp. 133-139.
The object of this investigation was to determine the
types of pollution present in the Oswego watershed.
The exact location or source of each case of pollution;
a study of the plants and animals which are found in
polluted water and a study of the extent of the pollu-
tion present with a view of determining what effect the
various types of wastes have upon fish and other fresh
water organisms which normally inhabit clean waters.
The effluents from sewage outfalls, milk wastes, paper
and woolen mill wastes, canneries and sulphur and oil
wastes all destroy the environment suitable for clean
water organisms, such as most fish, mayflies, caddisfly
and stonefly nymphs and favors the foul water organisms
such as blue-green algae, sludge worms, rat tailed
maggots and sewage fungus.
Clayton, D. - See: D. V. Anderson, No. 6.
112. Clark, Prank N. 1889. Whitefish distributed from
Northville and Alpena stations. Bulletin U. S.
Pish Commission for 1887. 7(10: 64.
The distribution of whiteflsh fry from the Northville
and Alpena stations from March 25 to May 24, 1887 is
given. A total of 3,000,000 fry were planted in Lake
Ontario in the spring of 1887 from the two stations.
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113- Clausen, R. T. 1940. A biological survey of the Lake
Ontario watershed. VII. Aquatic vegetation of
the Lake Ontario watershed. NYS Conservation Dept,
Supplemental to 29th Annual Kept, for 1939,
Biological Survey, pp. 167-187.
A survey was made of the larger aquatic vegetation in 58
bodies of water in the Lake Ontario watershed. These
areas may be classified as bays, 14; mouths of streams,
12; natural ponds, 20; and artificial ponds, 12. The
bays were of two types, those open to Lake Ontario and
those either completely or partially closed. There was
a marked variation in the amount of vegetation in the
bays surveyed. This seemed correlated chiefly with the
degree of pollution and the degree of outflow into Lake
Ontario. Most of the natural ponds examined were bog
ponds. Although there was great variation in abundance
and in number of species present, the general association
in most of these was similar. The artificial ponds too
displayed a general similarity, but there was less
variety in the species represented. Many of the stream
mouths supported a varied aquatic flora. The lower
Salmon River, with 40 species, many of them abundant,
was particularly rich in plants.
In the course of the survey of the larger aquatic plants
of the watershed, there were recorded il9 species of
vascular plants, 5 species of bryophytes and 7 species
of Characeae. In addition, several other species, not
seen in the field in the 1939 season, were noted from
the watershed as a result of the study of earlier
herbarium specimens.
114. Clemens, W. A. 1921. Some results of a study of the
herring of Lake Erie. Can. Fisherman. 8(4): 101.
Contains extracts taken from an illustrated lecture.
Only a few specimens of the Lake Ontario herring were
taken from Lake Erie which agreed with the descriptions
and measurements given for the shallow water herring of
Lake Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
115. Cobb, John N. 1898. Fisheries of Lake Ontario in 1897-
3rd Annual Rept. of the Commissioners of Fisheries,
Game and Forests of the State of New York. New
York Assembly Documents. 24(74): 205-221.
Contains the results of an investigation of the fisheries
of Lake Ontario for the year 1897. Presented in tabular
form is the following information: the men, vessels,
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boats, apparatus and shore property per county employed
in the fisheries of Lake Ontario in 1897; the species
and yield per county; and the comparative yields in
i860, 1885, 1890, 1893 and 1897.
116. Cobb, John N. 1900. The commercial fisheries of Lake
Erie, Lake Ontario and the Niagara and St. Lawrence
Rivers. New York Commission Pish, Game and Forests,
5th Annual Report, pp. 189-239.
The comparative yield (in pounds) of the fisheries of
Lake Ontario in i860, 1885, 1890, 1893, 1897 and 1899 is
given. Presented in tabular form is the following infor-
mation: a complete breakdown by county, apparatus and
species of the yield of the fisheries in 1899; a table
showing per county the men, boats, apparatus and shore
property employed in the fisheries of the Niagara River
in 1899; and a table showing by county the apparatus
and species of the yield of the fisheries of the Niagara
River in 1899. Also included is a discussion on the
imports of Canadian fish in 1899.
117. Cole, Charles P. 1965. Additional evidence for
separation of Ethto&toma. otmttzdi. Storer from
Ethto&toma n-cg/ium Rafinesque. Copeia. No. 1: 8-13.
Specimens upon which the following information was
based were taken from the Lake Ontario drainage of
New York State. A revised discriminant function
based on merlstic data from 184 specimens of Ethto-
Atoma n4.gJium and 269 specimens of Ethe,o&toma otm&ttd
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Reported here are the summaries of the overseers of
the areas along Canadian Lake Ontario and the Bay of
Quinte. Commercial fishing, angling and illegal
fishing are discussed. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology
Library).
120. Couch, John H. 1922. The rate of growth of the white
fish Co^iegonu* a£6u4 In Lake Erie. Univ. of
Toronto Studies, Biological Series, Nos . 17-21.
pp. 99-107.
The purpose of this investigation has been to obtain
some definite information concerning the rate of
growth of whitefish in Lake Erie, The specimens were
procurred from points along the north shore of Lake
Erie (Kingsville, Merlin, Ridgetown and Nanticoke).
For purposes of comparison, eight speciment of white-
fish were obtained from Port Credit on Lake Ontario
and two from Hudson Bay at the Great Whale River.
The Lake Erie and Lake Ontario fish have a very close
resemblance and are considered to be from the species
C.
121. Covell, John, et.al. 1908. Lake Ontario and Bay of
Quinte. Ontario, 1st Annual Kept. Game and Fish
(1907). pp. 26-30.
This article consists of reports by overseers concern-
ing the type and quality of fish caught as well as the
type of fishing occurring in their districts during the
year 1907. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
122. Coventry, A. F. 1S22. Breeding habits of the land-
locked sea lamprey CPntiomtiyzon ma.n.A.nu.6 var.
rfo>ua*u4 Wilder). Univ. of Toronto Studies,
Biological Series No. 20. pp. 129-135. (Pubs.
Ontario Fisheries Research Lab No. 9).
For many years It has been known locally that a lamprey
occurs in Lake Ontario at least some miles east and west
of Toronto. This lamprey has been confused to some
extent with the silver lamprey (1c.thyomyzon brfe-fc-ktum
Jordan). No young have been recorded hitherto from the
Toronto area, though there Is a single metamorphosed
specimen of 13-5 cm. taken in a swamp near Whitly in
the university collection. A description of the life
history of the sea lamprey in the Humber River Just west
of the city of Toronto in included.
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123. Cowden, Sumner II. 1926. Proper methods of fish planting
New York Conservation Commission, 15th Annual Kept.
for 1925. pp. 73-86.
Contains a discussion of fish planting with directions
for planting various species. With reference to Lake
Ontario, the common whltefish, Co/ie.gonu-4 ctupzafio Junta,
was mentioned.
124. Greaser, Charles W. 1933. The parasitic lamprey of the
lakes. Fisherman. 2(6): 3-4, 12.
The article discusses the physical characteristics of
the lamprey, the differences between parasitic and non-
parasitic forms, habitat, life cycle and its projected
relation to the commercial fishermen. (Univ. of
Toronto Zoology Library).
125. Grossman, E. J. 1968. Changes in the Canadian fresh-
water fish fauna. A Symposium on Introduction of
Exotic Species, Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests.
Research Kept. No. 82. pp. 1-20.
The entire freshwater fish fauna of Canada is a small
one (186 species) compared with that of the United
States or even that of the restricted area of the Great
Lakes (U. S. and Canadian xvaters combined). Seven of
the total of 27 families contain 12% of the species.
Its present status has been the result of: Increase
in knowledge due to Increase in collecting and inventory
activity; immigration into the area by natural popula-
tion expansion; Intentional introduction of exotic
species; and the loss of species through extirpation.
Our fauna has lost at least three species by extirpa-
tion: the paddleflsh, the blue walleye and the longjaw
ciscoe.
126. Grossman, E. J. 1969. Changes in Great Lakes fish
and fishing. In: Anderson, D. V. (Ed.). The
Great Lakes as an Environment. Great Lakes
Institute, Univ. of Toronto Report. PR 39:
150-175.
Presented in this paper is a good account of the history
of the fishing on the Great Lakes, including Lake
Ontario and many of Its tributaries since the Indian
times. Changes in the fish fauna, environment
commercial fishing and exploitation of the Great Lakes
is discussed. Some statistics concerning the fisheries
in the Great Lakes is listed. Photographs and drawings
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of the different types of nets and equipment used by
commercial fishermen is included. The future of the
Great Lakes fisheries in terms of reclamation, intro-
duction of exotics, stocking and better utilization of
existing conditions is discussed. (Canada Centre for
Inland Waters ) .
Cutler, N. L. - See: P. W. Claassen, No. 111.
127. Cutler, N. L. 1929. A biological survey of the Erie-
Niagara System. IV. The biological investigations
of pollution in the Erie-Niagara watershed.
Supplemental to 18th Annual Kept, for 1928. NYS
Conservation Dept. pp.
The biological investigations of the conditions of
pollution in the Erie-Niagara watershed were divided into:
Lake Erie and Niagara River and streams. A description
of the Niagara River and Its pollution load. A list of
indicators tolerant of sewage pollution has been compiled
from those found in this area.
128. Czaika, Sharon C. and Andrew Robertson. 1968. Identi-
fication of the copepodids of the Great Lakes
species of Vcu,ptQmu.& (Calanoida, Copepoda).
Proceedings llth Conference Great Lakes Research.
pp. 39-60. .
Six species from the calanoid copepod genus
are found in the St . Lawrence Great Lakes . Each of
these species possesses 12 post -embryonic life history
stages, six naupliar followed by six copepodid with the
final copepodid stage being the adult. There is
currently no way to separate the nauplll or immature
copepodids to species. The identification of the
adults depends on secondary sex characters, but these
are not developed on the immatures . At times even
the identification of adult females is difficult because
the taxonomic characteristics are quite similar for some
of the species.
It is the purpose of this paper to held provide means
for identifying the Great Lakes diaptomld copepodids.
A method is presented that allows the separation of
copepodids to species, stage and for the last three
stages, sex. This method simplifies identification
of the adult females by using clear cut traits for
their separation.
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The means for the identifications were developed by
comparing the armature of all the appendages from each
copepodid stage of each species. A number of differen-
ces in the armature have been noted among the different
stages. Many of these vary only with stage but not
with species or sex. A few differences in armature
were found that varied within a given stage as to
species but not as to sex. Several differences in
armature were found within the last three stages that
varies by sex but not by species. In addition to the
changes allowing separation by stage, species and sex
a key is included which summarizes the means of
identifying Great Lakes calanoid copepodids to species,
to stage and to sex.
129. Davis, Charles C. 1966. Plankton studies in the
largest Great Lakes of the world with special
reference to the St. Lawrence Great Lakes of North
America. The Univ. of Michigan, Great Lakes
Research Division. Publ. I1*, pp. 1-36.
The purpose of the present communication is to survey
critically and In detail the plankton investigations,
exclusive of studies of primary productivity, that have
been accomplished to date in the St. Lawrence Great
Lakes of North America, to compare these results with
those obtained from certain others among the largest
lakes of the world, and to suggest fruitful avenues for
further study.
130. Davis, Charles C. 1968. Plants in lakes Erie and
Ontario and changes in their numbers and kinds.
In: Sweeney, R. A. (Ed.). Proceedings of the
Conference on Changes in the Biota of Lakes Erie
and Ontario. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of
Natural Sciences. 25(1): 18-41.
This paper is essentially a literature survey on the
changes In the vegetation of Lakes Erie and Ontario
with sections on the causes of these changes. Lake
Erie has been studied much more extensively than
Lake Ontario, and therefore in comparison, Lake
Ontario data is much deficient.
As far as the phytobenthos of Lakes Erie and Ontario
goes, the investigation of non-parasitic fungi have
amounted to nothing more than a few records of species.
The macrobenthos have been studied more extensively
but with little continuity. The studies dealing with
periphyton are few and mostly dealing with taxonomy.
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Phytoplankton studies on Lakes Erie and Ontario have been
much more complete but still do not allow for any detailed
reliable Judgement concerning community changes over the
years. Nevertheless, there have been tabulations of what
is considered to be long range changes of dominant phyto-
plankters and relative quantities in cells/ml with the
general trend from diatoms to replacement in parts by
greens and blue-greens, with longer and more pronounced
pulses .
This points to a need for extensive taxonomic surveys of
benthic phytoplankton. In both lakes further quantita-
tive studies on the phytoplankton are necessary along
with the dynamics of primary productivity. Lake Ontario
should be studied to a much greater degree because of
little information on it as compared to Lake Erie. We
do not have a clear quantitative conception of any of
these matters and we badly need to develop clarity if we
are to understand the ecosystems in our lakes.
131. Day, D. P. 1882. The plants of Buffalo and its vicinity.
Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural Science. 290 p.
This collection is the result of research which began in
1863. It is the most comprehensive report of its time,
which is concerned with the Buffalo area. It Includes
the areas of the Niagara River and a small portion of
Lake Ontario on the eastern and western sides of the
mouth of the Niagara River.
Deason, H. J. - See: R. Hile, No. 25**.
Deason, H. J. - See: J. Van Oosten, No. 571.
132. Dechtiar, Alex. 1967. NeocH-two*foj/wcftu4 notimigoni n.
sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechenorhynchidae) from
golden shiner of Lake Ontario: Canadian Journal
Zoology. 45(2): 155-159.
A new species of acanthocephalan ,
note.mj.goni, from the Intestine of Nottm-igonu^ cfiy4ote.u.c.a.A
(Mithcell) is described. This is the 23rd species of the
family Neoechinorhynchldae Van Cleave, 1919 and the 15th
species of the genus WececfucnoAfit/ncftad Hamann, 1892,
known from North American fish according to various
authors. It is the sixth species of the genus Neoecfi-cw-
oifotfncfitu which does not utilize catostomids as
definitive hosts in North America.
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133. Dence, Wilford A. 1952. Establishment of white perch.
Ma-tona ameA.-ic.ana, in Central New York. Copeia.
No. 3. pp. 200-201.
A brief note on white perch which has not been found in
Lake Ontario or the Finger Lakes or Oneida Lake but has
now been established in Cross Lake and the Seneca River.
131*. Dence, Wilford A. 1956. Concretions of the alewife,
Pomotobu.6 pAtu.dohane.ngu.A (Wilson), at Onondaga Lake,
New York. Copeia. No. 3. pp. 155-158.
The alewife represents one of the few marine fishes that
has successfully adapted itself to freshwater environ-
ments. The species has been knox^n to inhabit Lake
Ontario in immense numbers for a least a century. Its
occurrence in waters of Central Net-/ York, including
Onondaga Lake, may be due to migration from Lake Ontario
or to direct stocking but there is no factual basis for
either theory.
A discussion of the concretions of the alewife, descrip-
tion, chemical analysis, deposition on beaches, etc. is
discussed with comparisons on Lake Ontario and Onondaga
Lake.
135. Department of National Health and Welfare, Public Health
Engineering Division, Canada. 1967. Progress
report to the International Lake Erie Water Pollu-
tion Board and International Lake Ontario - St.
Lawrence River Water Pollution Board on Water
Quality studies conducted during 1965-66. Presented
at the Board Meetings, Cleveland, Ohio. Unnumbered.
Water quality studies were conducted during 1965-66 on
the International section of the St. Lawrence River, the
Bay of Qulnte - eastern end of Lake Ontario and the deep
water section of Lake Ontario. The biological parameters
used were MP conforms, MF Ente,tiococ.c.
-------
The water-meals of the genus Wo-t^-ta, tne smallest of
all flowering plants in the world are of relatively
restricted occurrence in Canada. This paper deals
primarily with their diagnostic characters, geographical
distribution and occurrence and preparation of preserved
specimens. Two species of Wot^Jia. have been described
occurring in Lake Ontario, Wot^-ia coeumb-tana and
WotAfaa pu.nc.tata. Examination of early records on
these plants makes it difficult to decide whether or
not the two species of Wot^ta were original elements
of the Lake Ontario flora.
Douglass, E. J. - See: Glen C. Leach, No. 327.
Duthle, H. C. - See: M. R. Sreenivasa, No. 537.
137. Duthie, H. C. and M. R. Sreenivasa. 1971. Evidence for
the eutrophication of Lake Ontario from the sedi-
mentary diatom succession. Abstract of paper
presented at the 14th Conference Great Lakes
Research, Toronto, April 19-21, 1971. pp. 119-120.
Seventy-three taxa of diatoms were identified from a
sediment core taken from Lake Ontario. Quantitative
analyses were subsequently made and the dominant forms
noted.
Dutka, Bernard J. - See: Allan Bruce, No. 79.
Dutka, Bernard J. - See: A. S. Menon, No. 364.
Dutka, Bernard J. - See: J. M. Vanderpost, No. 568.
Dutka, Bernard J. - See: H. Van Otterloo, No. 572.
138. Dutka, Bernard J.and James B. Bell. 1967- The
classification of coliform bacteria isolated from
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Dept. of National
Health and Welfare, Division of Public Health
Engineering, Kingston, Ontario. Manuscript Rept.
No. 67-21. 36 p. + tables.
A total of 1,479 representatives, typical "sheened"
coliform colonies appearing on the filter membranes
were isolated for pure culture study onto Bacto-Mac-
Conbey Agar. The present report concerns the bio-
chemical classification and distribution patterns of
these coliform strains in Lakes Erie and Ontario.
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Prom the data presented, it may be concluded that:
1. There was a high degree of similarity in collform
biotype incidence in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario; however,
on comparing 1966 biotype incidence data from Lake
Ontario with that collected in 1967, a greater variation
in biotype incidence was noted, than was observed
between the 1967 studies of Lakes Ontario and Erie.
2. The low-density collform flora of the off-shore Lake
Ontario and Erie study areas, were characterized by a
high incidence of Ente.tiobac.ttri biotypes, and a relatively
low incidence of E&c.he.>Uc.h.4.a. biotvpes and fecal coliform
strains. This coliform biotype distribution pattern is
considered to be typical of "remote" pollution originating
from distant sources, and is probably of minimal public
health significance.
3. There was a remarkable degree of uniformity in coli-
form biotype distribution patterns found at all sampling
depths and all basins and sectors of both Lakes; no
significant basin-to-basin and sector-to-sector trends
in coliform biotype incidence were apparent.
4. The fidelity of a fecal coliform test applied to
Lake Ontario and Erie waters as an estimate of E. c.otL
type I densities may be expected to be unusually low
because of the relatively high incidence of other EC
(M.5°C) gas positive coliform biotypes, principally
Irregular 22.
5. A typical slow-or non-lactose fermenting strains
displayed a greater variation in their distribution
patterns on both lakes than did typical lactose fermen-
ting strains.
6. A typical slow-or non-lactose fermenting strains
constituted 29.555 and 35.3* of the isolates from
typical "sheened" coliform MF colonies collected from
Lakes Ontario and Erie.
7. Only four enteropathogenic E. co£>t strains were
Isolated, two from each Lake; all were isolated from
different areas in each Lake and from water samples
with relatively low coliform MP counts. (Rochester-EPA).
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139. Dutka, Bernard J., Allan Bruce, James Bell and Alan D.
Tennant. 1966a. A bacteriological study of the
St. Lawrence River and the Bay of Quinte, conducted
for the advisory board on water pollution, Inter-
national Joint Commission. Dept. of National Health
and Welfare, Division of Public Health Engineering,
Kingston, Ontario. Manuscript Rept. No. 67-2.
Unnumbered,
A water quality study of the international section of the
St. Lawrence River and the eastern near-shore portion of
Lake Ontario as far west as Trenton, Ontario including
the Bay of Quinte was conducted from August 16 to October
21, 1965 and May 15 to October 15, 1966.
During the 1965 preliminary study of the international
section of the St. Lawrence River, a total of 311 water
samples collected from 106 stations on 22 ranges were
subjected to coliform density lists. In 1966, 3,535
individual bacteriological tests were conducted on 1,23^4
water samples collected from 103 sampling stations on 29
ranges.
A total of 1,783 bacteriological tests were conducted on
667 water samples collected from 53 stations of 14 ranges
in the Bay of Quinte in 1966.
Two general trends can be seen from the St. Lawrence
River coliform data. Most of the northern sample
stations have higher coliform MF and MPN densities while
the southern sampling stations have the lowest MP and
MPN densities. Also, there were lower coliform densities
upstream as compared with those recorded for the down-
stream sector.
There appeared to be a trend to higher coliform MP counts
throughout the study area in May and again during the
mid-July to Lake September period. (Rochester-EPA).
140. Dutka, Bernard J., Allan Bruce, James Bell and Wolfgang
Winter. 1966b. Classification of coliform bac-
teria isolated from the St. Lawrence River and the
Bay of Quinte. Dept. of NatlonalHealth and Welfare,
Division of Public Health Engineering, Kingston,
Ontario. Manuscript Rept. No. 67-1*1. 31 p.
A water quality study of the international section of the
St. Lawrence River and eastern near-shore portion of Lake
Ontario including the Bay of Quinte, was conducted from
May 15 to October 15, 1966.
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Bacteriological data obtained from 1,234 water samples
from the St. Lawrence River and 66? water samples from
the Bay of Quinte, were recorded and discussed in
Manuscript Report 67-2. A total of 3,569 typical and
atypical colonies appearing on Bacto-M-Endo MF pre-
parations and cultures isolated from gas-positive Most
Probable Number tests from water samples from selected
sampling stations were isolated in pure culture for
further study and classification. The present report
concerns the identification of these cultures, the
incidence of collform and fecal coliform biotypes and
enteropathogenic 5A.cfte/t^c/i>ca co-6c Serotypes, in the
various sectors of the study area.
When the coliform biotype distribution pattern for the
St. Lawrence River study area is compared to that for
the Bay of Quinte, only three major differences are
evident:
1. En.te.fLobcLC.te.tL biotypes are most predominant in the
Bay of Quinte (53.1 as compared to 44.6 percent).
2. Irregular coliform biotypes are more common in the
St. Lawrence River (17.4 as compared to 7.9 percent).
3. The Bay of Quinte had the greater incidence of
gelatin liquifying strains (23.6 as compared to 15-2
percent). (Rochester-EPA).
l4l. Dutka, Bernard J., J. Popplow and J. Yurack. 1967.
The Isolation of Sa£m
-------
142. Dutka, Bernard J., J. Popplow and J. Yurack. 1968.
Sa.tmone.ttaz. isolation from surface waters. Pro-
ceedings llth Conference Great Lakes Research.
PP. 531-537.
A search for Satmontttaz was conducted during the summer
of 1967 In the eastern near-shore sector of Lake Ontario
between Kingston and Trenton, including the Bay of Quinte
and in the International Section of the St. Lawrence
River. Modified Moore gauze pads (swabs) were used for
the collection of specimens from 16 water sampling
stations in the study areas. The elevated-temperature
technique of Spino (1966) was used, with minor modifica-
tions, for isolation of Satmontttae..
Of a total of 30 Moore swabs recovered after a seven-day
exposure period, 14 (46.730 yielded one or more Satmon-
e.tta serotypes. A total of 195 Sa.tmone.lta. isolates were
made from five of eleven Bay of Quinte sampling stations,
from one of three St. Lawrence River stations and from a
sampling point on the Kingston, Ontario waterfront.
Sa.tmone.ttae. were Isolated from waters with coliform and
fecal coliform (membrane filter) counts as low as 33 and
6 per 100 ml, respectively; the frequency of Sa.tmone.tta
isolation Increased, however, with increasing coliform
and fecal coliform densities. Sa.tmone.tta serotypes
isolated were: 5. taint pau.t, S. £en»te-&4ee, S. -tntfan-txU,
S. tt/ph4.mu.fL4.am, S. btiande.nbu.Jig and Group C, non-motile.
A Moore svrab elevated temperature Satmonztta isolation
technique proved to be an efficient and practical method
for the examination of suspected waters for Satmone.tta
and the routine application of this procedure is advocated.
(Rochester-EPA).
143. Dutka, Bernard J., John E. Reid, Allan Bruce and Wolfgang
Winter. 1966. A bacteriological study of Lake
Ontario and Lake Erie, conducted for the advisory
board on water pollution, International Joint
Commission. Dept. of National Health and Welfare,
Division of Public Health Engineering, Kingston,
Ontario. Manuscript Report No. 67-1. 101 p. +
tables.
A water quality study of Lake Ontario was conducted by
the Kingston Branch of the Public Health Engineering
Division, Department of National Health and Welfare from
June 6 to September 30, 1966.
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Forty-seven monitor stations were established on Lake
Ontario on a 12-mile triangular grid pattern. Five
areas, Toronto, Niagara River, Rochester, Oswego and
Black River were studied more intensely ivith sampling
stations placed every 3 miles. Upon comparing bacterial
densities from all the dpeths sampled, there appears to
be little or no stratification of any statistical
importance. (Rochester-EPA).
Dymond, John R. - See: W. J. K. Harkness, No. 229.
Dymond, John R. - See: A. G. Huntsman, No. 278.
Dymond, John R. 1927. Guide to the game fishes of
Canada. Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. No. 15.
18 p.
The purpose of the guide is to describe briefly the more
Important game species of Canada. It includes the
relationship of each fish to other species, its standing
as a game fish, distribution, habits and size to which
it grows. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
145. Dymond, John R. 1928. Some factors affecting the
production of lake trout (CniAt4.vome.ii namat/cuife)
in Lake Ontario, Univ. Toronto Studies, Biological
Series No. 31. pp. 27-41. (Publications of the
Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory, No. 33).
The lake trout is one of the most important Canadian
fresh-water fishes, ranking second only to whlteflsh
in commercial importance. The Canadian waters of the
Great Lakes produce 80 to 90 percent of the lake trout
caught in Canada, about 15 percent of which is from
Lake Ontario. Unlike either Lake Huron or Lake Superior,
Lake Ontario has a smaller volume of water deep enough
for lake trout thus accounting for its relatively small
production of this species.
The food habits of lake trout were studied by examination
of the stomach contents. Analysis showed that alex^ives
are the favorite food of lake trout in Lake Ontario In
the summer, with ciscoes ranking second in importance.
Examination of the stomach contents of the ling indicate
it is a serious competitor of the lake trout for food,
it also preferring alewives to other species.
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Lake trout In Lake Ontario spawn for the first time when
about 6 pounds in weight. Those weighing from 6 to 10
pounds produce from 3000 to 10,000 eggs whereas those
weighing from 20 to 25 pounds produce 15,000 to 18,000
eggs.
146. Dymond, John R. 1944. Spread of the smelt
Mo/tdax) in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes.
Can. Field Nat. 58: 12-14.
The paper discusses the introduction of the smelt in
the Great Lakes. Includes when the first smelt was
taken from each individual lake and the different uses
of smelt.
147. Dymond, John R. 1955. The introduction of foreign
fishes in Canada. Proceedings International Asso-
ciation Theoretical and Applied Limnologists .
12: 543-553.
Only four species of fishes not native to North America
are known to have been introduced and to have survived
in Canada and only two of these, the carp and the brown
trout are of significance. In addition to species not
native to North America, there are a number that have
been transferred from one part of North America where
they are native to parts of Canada in which they do not
naturally occur. The rainbow trout is an outstanding
example of species in this category, although there are
several others whose success or failure is worthy of
note.
Included in this report is a discussion of the following
introduced fish: carp, goldfish, tench, brown trout,
rainbow, atlantic salmon, pacific salmon, eastern brook
trout, American smelt and the smallmouth bass. (Univ.
of Toronto Zoology Library).
148. Dymond, John R. 1956. Artificial propagation in the
management of Great Lakes fisheries. Transactions
American Fisheries Society. 86: 384-392.
No positive evidence has been found to suggest that
artificial propagation has ever been successful in
significantly increasing the yield of a native species
in the Great Lakes. Failure to find a correlation
between the number of whitefish fry planted in the Bay
of Quinte and the commercial production has been reported.
-64-
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Several other instances concerning many species of fish
are presented. The possible contribution of artificial
propagation to the populations of Great Lakes fish has
been investigated in three ways: by looking for
correlations between the numbers of fry planted and the
size of the commercial catch when the resulting indivi-
duals would have entered the fishery; through experiments
in which marked lake trout fingerllngs are planted and
the number subsequently caught recorded; through experi-
ments where fry are planted only in alternate years and
the relative strengths of year classes in appropriate
number of years later determined whether or not these
last two experiments have been carried out long enough
to yield decisive results. It Is concluded that the
size of a year class is determined by the conditions
affecting hatching and survival rather than by size of
spawning or released stock. (Canada Centre for Inland
Waters).
149. Dymond, John R., J. L. Hart and A. L. Pritchard. 1929-
The fishes of the Canadian waters of Lake Ontario.
Univ. Toronto Studies, Biological Series No. 33-
pp. 1-35. (Publications of the Ontario Fisheries
Research Laboratory, No. 37).
This paper includes records of fishes from Lake Ontario
and some of its tributaries streams based largely on
collections made during the summers of 1927 and 1928.
Records of occurrence, life history observations and
habitat descriptions. Some interesting notes on the
lake lamprey are included. Records of the release of
Chinook salmon in the l800's are Included. An annotated
list of species of fish taken in the Lake Ontario drain-
age Is also Included.
150, Eaton, E. H. 1901. Birds of Western New York. Pro-
ceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science.
4: 1-64.
This account describes in detail, the occurrences of
those species of birds which inhabit the area of Western
New York, known as the Alleghanian faunal area. This
includes the area along the southern shore of Lake
Ontario. The description includes relative abundance,
migration, habitat, nesting dates and economic values
in regards to the food of the different species.
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151. Edmunds, M. C. 18?^. Obstructions in the tributaries
of Lake Champlaln. U. S. Commission Fish and
Fisheries, Kept, for 1872-1873. Part 2: 622-629.
An examination of the rivers of the Lake Champlain Valley
and the south shore of Lake Ontario was made for the
purpose of obtaining more accurate Information as to the
accessibility of certain Interior waters to salmon, shad
and other anadromous fishes passing from the ocean or the
Great Lakes.
Black River and Chaumont were inspected but were found
unsuitable for the introduction of salmon due to high
and impassable dams. The Oswego River was also found
unfit due to the canal. Big Sandy Creek and the Salmon
River were found to be the best to commence the breeding
of salmon artificially.
15>. Embody, G. C. 1927. Stocking policy for the Oenesee
River system. Supplemental to l6th Annual Kept.,
NYS Conservation Dept., Biological Survey, Albany,
New York. pp. 12-28.
It is desirable to have a well defined stocking policy
for each drainage system of the state. One of the
chief purposes of the present survey has been the
development of such a policy for the Genesee River
system. The following conditions should be considered
in the formulation of such a policy: what kinds of
fish are likely to find conditions suitable for repro-
duction, normal growth and the escape of enemies; and
hov: many should be planted to utilize the water to its
fullest extent.
153. Embody, G. C. 1929. A biological survey of the Erie-
Niagara system. I. Stocking policy for the
streams, lakes and ponds of the Erie-Niagara
Watershed. Exclusive of Lake Erie. Supplemental
to 18th Annual Rept., NYS Conservation Dept.,
Albany, New York. pp. 19-38.
In the present survey, the same methods have been used
as heretofore described for the Genesee and Oswego water-
sheds. A discussion of the factors involved in the
development of a stocking policy has already been given
in the reports on the Genesee and Oswego surveys. A
discussion focusing on the stocking recommendations for
trout is included along with tables of trout conditions
-66-
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in streams, i.e. temperature relationships betvreen air
and water; and a planting table for trout streams.
Following the discussion is a policy which was formulated
for rainbow trout.
154. Evans, Kelly. 1912a. The effects of legislation on the
whitefish fisheries. Final Rept. (1909-1911)
Ontario Game and Fish Commission, Toronto, pp.
13-22.
When the elimination of the whitefish catch became
apparent the most obvious remedies in hopes of checking
it were in regulation of the fisheries. Discussed in
this light is mention of regulation of equipment, methods
of capture and size of net mesh, limitation of the numbers
of nets and closing certain areas and seasons. Some
statistics on pond and gill nets in use in Canadian Lake
Ontario between 1892 and 1906 are included.
155. Evans, Kelly. 1912b. The effect on the whitefish
fisheries of extensive hatchery operations. Ontario
Game and Fish Commission, Toronto. Final Report
(1909-1911). PP. 22-43.
As a remedy of the whitefish fisheries problem on the
Great Lakes the author suggest the use of artificial
propagation as a means of promoting large catches.
Also discussed is some of the regulations and fees on
the Great Lakes including Lake Ontario. Prohibition of
export of whitefish and a Provincial Fish Agency also
presented as means of remedy. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology
Library).
Evermann,Barton W. - See: D. S. Jordan, No. 303.
156. Evermann, Barton W. 1902. List of species of fishes
known to occur In the Great Lakes or their
connecting waters. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission.
21: 95-96.
A list of 152 species and subspecies of which 27 were
solely found in the Great Lakes Basin. Did not note
which species were found in what lake.
1CJ7. Evermann, Barton W. and William C. Kendall. 1902.
Notes on the fishes of Lake Ontario. U. S.
Commission Fish and Fisheries, Rept. for 1901.
Part 27. pp. 209-216.
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The present paper contains a list of approximately 73
species of fish found in Lake Ontario and the streams
tributary to it, together with notes on their relative
abundance and any structural peculiarities noticed.
158. Faber, Daniel J., E. G. Jermolajev and E. G. Kosslakina.
1966. A new copepod genus in the plankton of the
Great Lakes. Limnology and Oceanography. 11(2):
301-303.
The genus EtiJiytzmotia. (Copepoda, Calanoida) is common in
the plankton of brackish waters around the work, but
there are relatively few observations of it in the
plankton of freshwater lakes. This report confirms and
discusses the existence of this copepod in Lakes Ontario,
Erie and Huron.
Fahy, W. E. - See: J. R. Westman, No. 584.
159 Faigenbaum, H. M. 19*10. A biological survey of the
Lake Ontario watershed. V. Chemical investigation
of the Lake Ontario watershed. NYS Conservation
Dept. Supplemental to 29th Annual Kept, for 1939,
Biological Survey, Albany, New York. pp. 117-146.
Any substance or set of conditions which directly harms
the fish or adversely alters its natural environment cr
depletes its food supply may be considered a pollutant.
The physical and chemical determinations employed in
this investigation are designed to determine the location,
intensity and extent of the various types of pollution
present.
In the table, "Chemical Analyses - Lakes and Ponds of the
Lake Ontario Watershed" notes on the fish collected and
remarks and stocking recommendations are given.
joO. Farrell, M. A. 1932. Pollution studies. NYS Conserva-
tion Dept., Supplemental to 21st Annual Kept, for
1931. Biological Survey, Albany, New York. 6:
189-198.
The primary object of the study was to determine the
stream mileage affected by various kinds of polluting
substances. Special attention was given to the effect
of dairy wastes on streams. In addition, an attempt
was made to correlate the bottom fauna In polluted areas
with the food taken by fish caught In such areas.
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161. Paull, J. H. 1913. V. The Algae. In: Faull, J. H.
(Ed.). The natural history of the Toronto region,
Ontario. Canadian Institute, Toronto, pp. 17^-179.
A list of blue-greens, diatoms and preens found in the
Toronto area is given. (Toronto-Royal Ontario Museum).
152. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1966a,
Lake Ontario program, Great Lakes-Illinois river
basins project for water pollution control,
Washington, D. C. 15 p.
This informative pamphlet deals with the water pollution
control investigations which have been administered by
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. It
is a comprehensive survey of the physical nature and
conditions of Lake Ontario and its tributaries. It
especially investigates the effects of the toxic and
oxygen demanding wastes which are dumped into this water
system.
163. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1966b,
Great Lakes-Illinois river basins project. State-
ment on water pollution in the Lake Ontario basin.
Prepared for the Natural Resources and Power Sub-
committee of the House Committee on Government
Operations, Washington, D. C. Unnumbered.
Biological sampling consisted of analysis of benthic
fauna, phytoplankton, attached algae, chlorophyll,
light penetration and seston. Evaluation of biological
conditions in Lake Ontario shows the lake can be
classified as tending to become eutrophic. The benthic
fauna of the lake indicates oligotrophic conditions.
However, the phytoplankton and attached algae problems
that occur tend to support a eutrophic nature. The
ability of the lake to support algae blooms and great
masses of Ciadophotia along the littoral zone is a
definite indication of eutrophication. Apparently the
major factor that saves Lake Ontario from becoming
eutrophic is its deep water.
The microbiological study of the Lake Ontario basin
included tributary, mouth, harbor-inshore and extended
range stations. The parameters considered in the study
were total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus
and total plate counts.
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The section on water uses included a discussion of
commercial fishing. The total pounds of fish reported
by U. S. fisheries ranged from 233,000 to 351,200 during
the years 1960-1964. Yellow perch, carp, eels and white
perch were the principal species caught.
164. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968.
Water Pollution Problems and Improvement Needs,
Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Basins. U. S.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration and
NYS Dept. Health, Division of Pure Waters, Albany,
New York. 124 p.
The report summarizes the water pollution problems of
the United States waters of Lake Ontario and the St.
Lawrence River and their tributaries. It identifies the
causes of these problems or sources of pollution,
discusses the Improvements needed and presents a program
of recommended actions. The report is based on extensive
field and office studies, Initiated in 1964 and still
continuing, by the Federal Water Pollution Control Admin-
istration's Rochester Program Office; and on information
on the New York State Health Department.
155. Fenlon, M. W., D. C. McNaught and G. D. Schroder. 1971.
Influences of thermal effluents upon aquatic pro-
duction in Lake Ontario. Abstract of paper
presented at the 14th Conference Great Lakes
Research, Toronto, April 19-21, 1971. pp. 173-174.
The effects of both heat and radionuclides upon the
biotic components of the aquatic ecosystem was determined,
It was concluded that significant changes in primary or
secondary production in the area of the outfall of a
nuclear power plant, or downstream from the outfall were
not detected.
Ferguson, R. G. - See: J. C. Budd, No. 80.
166. Ferguson, Robert G. and Henry A. Regier. 1963. Selecti-
vity of four trawl cod ends toward smelt.
Transactions American Fisheries Society. 92: 125-
131.
Tnree short-term experiments on selectivity of cod ends
with various sizes for smelt, 0&me.iu.& mo/tcfax (Mitchell)
were conducted in Lakes Ontario and Erie during 1961.
In each experiment the paired tow method was used. Four
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cod ends were attached alternately to a "Western bottom
trawl" fished by the MV Erie I. Estimates of percent
retention within 0.3-inch length strata were obtained
from a comparison of length-frequency distributions in
catches made by the different cod ends fishing approxi-
mately the same population of smelt on the same date.
Additional information was gained from the weight of
catches by different cod ends.
Under the conditions of the experiment, cod and mesh
sizes of 1 and 3/16 to 1 and 3/8 inches appeared most
suitable for smelt trawling given market preferences
as they existed in October, 1961.
Fernando, C. H. - See: Shibru Tedla, No.
167. Fleming, J. H. 1912. The Niagara swan trap. The Auk
29;
This paper gives descriptions and histories of the
destruction of whistling Swans (Ototi c.otu.mbj,a.nu.& } in
the Niagara River. The destruction results from being
caught in the rapids above the Niagara Falls. The
birds float down the river and over the falls in both
night and day . It is suggested that some method of
driving the swans away from the falls before they are
caught and killed by the rapids.
168. Follett, Richard. 1932. S&lmo Sata* of the St. Lawrence
River. Transactions American Fisheries Society.
62: 366-368.
The purpose of this paper is to give a brief account of
what has happened to the salmon of Lake Ontario and the
Upper St. Lawrence during the 19th century. This account
cites reports of great quantities of salmon which were
taken throughout the l800Ts at various points along the
tributaries of the entire lake. All descriptions seem to
agree that the demise of the salmon was complete by the
mid 1870 's. The causes of this demise are many and
varied, but one factor seems prevalent; the construction
of dams along the paths that the salmon must follow to
appropriate spawning grounds.
169. Ford, Marjory A. 19^3. Annual landings of fish on the
Canadian side of the Great Lakes from 1867 to 1939
as officially recorded. Board of Inquiry for the
Great Lakes Fisheries. 91 p.
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This report contains a compilation and arrangement from
the official statistics of the fisheries of the Canadian
portion of the Great Lakes for the period 1867 to 1939.
Lake Ontario returns are presented in three divisions -
the western portion, the central portion and the eastern
portion. Tables 162-221 concern Lake Ontario and include
data on the annual landings of black bass, carp, catfish,
eel, lake herring, maskinonge, yellow perch, pike, pike-
perch, blue pikeperch, sturgeon, lake trout, whltefish
and all fish combined for Lake Ontario as a whole (Niagara
Palls to Gananoque), western Lake Ontario (west of Rouge
River), central Lake Ontario (Rouge River to Brighton)
and eastern Lake Ontario (east of Brighton). The data
for eels, herring, perch, pike, blue pikeperch, sturgeon,
trout and whitefish have been plotted separately to form
eight illustrations each of which is divided into four
parts for the total, western, central and eastern portions
of Lake Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
Forney, John L. - See: Dwight A. Webster, No. 580.
170. Pox, W. Sherwood. 1930. The literature of Satmo
in Lake Ontario and tributary streams. Transactions
Royal Society Canada. Section 2, 3rd series. 24:
45-55.
Presents a summary of the literature on ScLtmo total in
Lake Ontario from the early 1800*8 through the early
1900's.
171. Prick, H. C. 1965. Economic aspects of the Great Lakes
fisheries of Ontario. Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, Bulletin No. 149. 160 p.
In Lake Ontario there have been problems with the
fishing industry. Some of these are inherent in the
industry and some are arising out of new developments
in the supply. Due to its structure the fishing indus-
try is faced with high fixed costs of operation and
declining catch revenues. This is primarily due to a
decline in landings of prime species such as lake trout,
whitefish, walleye and blue pike. Environmental factors
affected by man seem to be favoring Increases in low
value species such as carp and sheepshead. These problems
point to a need for lower unit fishing costs and Increased
efficiency. The introduction of trawls may be of some
help. Other problems with the industry are deficiency
of credit, poor management and out-dated processing
operations. Changes in market demand along with unethical
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exploitation at times by wholesale buyers have caused
the Lake Ontario fishermen problems. A fish marketing
board controlled by the fishermen to Increase his
bargaining power and mode of operation along with changes
of fishery regulations is discussed as a solution. A
brief history of the fisheries development on Lake Ontario
is included, as well as data on estimated value of fish-
eries, total landings in pounds of fish, landing of
selected species, number of fishermen and many other
associated statistics.
172. Pry, P. E. J. 1933a. Spawning dates of sucker and
perch at Toronto. Department of Zoology, Univ.
Toronto. (Unpublished).
A brief article on the collection of sucker and perch
eggs at the Humber River on April 17 and April 20, 1933.
(Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
173. Pry, P. E. J. 1933b. A preliminary investigation into
the effect of the temperature of incubation of the
myamere count of ciscoes. Univ. Toronto, Dept.
Zoology). 13 p. (Unpublished).
This report is concerned with the racial variations of
fishes due to influences of the environment on the
embryo during genesis and early development. It has
been shown that if the normal environment of developing
embryos is altered, "great aberrations" can result in
the nature of the organism. The myamere counts which
were obtained from this research were unreliable because
of the lack of successful hatches of fry. (Toronto,
Ontario Fisheries Research Library - Zoology Library).
Fry, P. E. J. 19^9. Synopsis of activities in
fisheries research in Ontario, 19*»8. Univ. Toronto,
Dept. Zoology. 7 p. (Unpublished).
This is a list compiled by Pry which described the
current research which is in progress at this time
throughout the province of Ontario. Listed as one of
the projects under way is an Atlantic salmon experiment
at Duffin Creek in Lake Ontario. Another project is
the relation of commercial fishing to fish taken by
angling in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Also listed
are the coordinating supervisors, members of the staff
and recent publications. (Univ. of Toronto Dept. Zoology)
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175. Gage, Simon H. 1893. The lake and brook lampreys of
New York, especially those of Cayuga and Seneca
lakes. Wilder-Quarter-Century Book: 421-493 +
plates.
Two species of lampreys Inhabit the chain of lakes in
western New York. One, the brook lamprey CPttttomyzon
or AmmocoeteA 6/umcfu.a-ktA) is small in size, few in
numbers and short-lived, in the adult stage. It is
not known in North America outside the Mississippi
Valley except in the Cayuga Lake basin. It is probably
widely distributed, but from its small numbers and
inconspicuous coloring, it has been overlooked. The
other, the lake lamprey (Pttiomyzon un^tco-Cot or
is of large size, is in great numbers and lives a para-
sitic life in the lakes for a period of two to three
and one-half years, and perhaps longer.
A relatively complete natural history of the lake and
brook lamprey is presented together with a comparison
of the two species.
176. Gage, Simon H. 1928. The lampreys of New York State -
Life history and economics. NYS Conservation
Dept., Supplemental to 17th Annual Kept, for 1927.
A Biological Survey of the Oswego River System.
pp. 158-191.
This report contains information on the life history
of the lampreys in New York State. The distinctive
characters for identification and distribution of
lampreys in included. The economics of the lampreys
are discussed with the beneficial aspect being lampreys
are edible and can be used for bait and the harmful
aspect is their parasitic mode of feeding which kills
fish. Included are results of experiments involving
the predatory habits of the lampreys and an estimation
of damage by lampreys to the fish. The brook lampreys
were determined to be non-parasitic and non-injurious.
Through experiments, it was determined the lake lamprey
lives from 1-1/3 to 3-1/3 years as a parasite on fishes
and four to five years as a non parasitic larval.
Approximately 3 pounds of blood is required by a
lamprey to grow to maturity. Lamprey control methods
suggested including killing the adults as they entered
the spawning streams.
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177. Gannon, John E. and Alfred M. Beeton. 1969. Studies
on the effects of dredged materials from selected
Great Lakes harbors on plankton and benthos. Univ.
Michigan, Center for Great Lakes Studies. Special
Kept. No. 8. 82 p.
Changes have been taking place in the environment and
biota of the Great Lakes, many of which are attributed
to pollution of the lakes. The major harbors of the
lakes are among the most polluted environments in the
system and concern has developed about the dumping of
sediments dredged from these harbors in the open lake.
In the Great Lakes dredging and water quality project,
field investigations were undertaken to determine:
(1) the nature of the environments, (2) the effects of
dredging on the harbors and (3) the effects of disposals
on the lake environments. Laboratory studies were made
of the effect on the biota of sediments from the harbors
along the Great Lakes including Great Sodus Bay, New
York.
178. Garside, E. T. and W. J. Christie. 1962. Experimental
hybridization among three coregonine fishes.
Transactions American Fisheries Society, 91(2):
196-200.
This study was originally undertaken to assess the
possible relationship of egg (or yolk) size to metameric
differentiation of fish embryos in the series of sizes
presented by the eggs of the lake whitefish (Co/iegonu*
c^upea^o/imx:* Mitchell), cisco ( LttLC.inu.A . In: Goode, George Brown (Ed.).
The fishery industries of the United States.
U. S. Comm. of Fish and Fisheries. Section III.
Part Q (168): 507-5^0.
The whitefish is found in all the Great Lakes, as well
as in several of the small lakes tributary to them.
The largest specimens of whitefish are found in Lake
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Superior, weighing as much as twenty-three pounds, while
the smallest specimens of whitefish can be found in Lake
Ontario where the average whiteflsh weighs two and a
half pounds. In Lake Ontario, about Port Ontario, it is
probable that the whitefish migrate from the Canadian
shore to the American shore regularly. In 1870, they
were more plentiful on the American shore; ten years
before that, again, the reverse was the case. The food
of the whitefish is chiefly Crustacea, mollusks and
insect larvae. The chief enemies of the whitefish are
the spawneaters of the Lakes which are a numerous and
widely distributed list of animals. The destruction of
the spawn is Immense and far exceeds the losses while in
the stage of fry.
Also discussed in the report is spawning and development,
artificial propagation and economic importance of the
whitefish.
180. Gill, T. i860. Notes on the nomenclature of North
American fishes. Proceedings Academy Nat. Science,
Philadelphia. 12: 19-21.
A brief note on La6/tax 04 cu£a-tt-c which was obtained in
Lake Ontario.
181. Glass, Irvine, et.al. 1909. Lake Ontario and Bay of
Quinte. Ontario Game and Pish Dept. 2nd Annual
Kept. (1908). pp. 31-35.
These reports are summaries given by overseers of the
areas along Lake Ontario and Bay of Quinte. Commercial
fish and angling catches are discussed along with
illegal activities In each of their districts concern-
ing fishing. (Univ. of Toronto Zoology Library).
182. Glooschenko, Walter^A. 1971. The effect of DDT and
dieldrin upon C uptake by In &A,tu. phytoplankton
in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Paper presented at
14th Great Lakes Research Conference, Toronto,
April 20, 1971. (Unpublished).
In 4
-------
On Lake Ontario, 1 ppb DDT was sufficient to cause a
decrease of C uptake by 12.3%. On four stations
occupied in Lake Erie in July and,three in October,
DDT at 1 ppb caused decreases in C uptake from 14.2-
28.1J5 in July and 1.2-29.1% in October. Dieldrin
decreased C uptake to a greater extent. A decrease
of 30.7-74.7/& was found at 1 ppb in July and 9.0-36.4%
in October. At the higher concentrations,used of
10,100 and 1000 ppb greater reduction of C was noticed.
14
The inhibition of C uptake by DDT and dieldrin does
not appear to be important in the Great Lakes in situ
except possibly in local areas of high runoff fTom
agricultural sources. The major problem appears to be
concentration of these pesticides by algae and transfer
to higher tropic levels.
183. Goode, G. Brown. 1882. Notes on the life-history of
the eel, chiefly derived from a study of recent
European authorities. Bulletin U. S. Pish
Commission for 1881. 1: 71
Includes brief sections on the classification, distri-
bution, habits, introduction into U. S, waters, ancient
beliefs, Internal and external characteristics and
reproductive habits of the eel. This is followed by an
annotated list of papers concerning the eel and its
reproduction.
As to their distribution, they were quite abundant in
Lake Ontario but unknown in Lake Erie. A possible
explanation for their introduction into Lake Erie was
given by the captain of a vessel. He said it was quite
common to carry live eels in a tub on deck while on
Lake Ontario and take them through the Welland Canal.
When tired of them or upon getting better fish to eat,
the remainder of the eels were simply dumped alive into
Lake Erie.
184. Goode, George Brown. l884a. The fisheries and fishery
industries of the United States, Section I.
National History of Useful Aquatic Animals, United
States Commission of Pish and Fisheries. 895 p.
The purpose of the book is to provide a statistical and
historical monograph of the fisheries. The book is
divided into the following sections; (1) natural history
of marine products, which included the study of the
useful aquatic animals and plants of the country, as
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well as seals, whales, turtles, fishes, lobsters, crabs,
oysters, clams, sponges, marine plants and inorganic
products of the sea. (2) The fishing grounds which
covered the geographical distribution of all animals
sought by fishermen and the location of the fishing
grounds. (3) Apparatus and methods of capture, includ-
ing all the forms of apparatus used by fishermen, boats,
nets, traps, harpoons, etc... and the methods employed in
the various branches of the fishery. (4) Products of
the fisheries which included the statistics of the yield
of American fisheries, past and present. (5) Prepara-
tion, care of, and manufacture of fishery products which
included the methods and various devices for utilizing
fish after they are caught, with statistics of capital
and men employed. (6) The economy of the fisheries.
185. Goode, George Brown. l884b. The yellow perch - Pe/tco.
ame/i-tcana. In: Goode, George Brown (ed.). The
Pishing Industries of the United States. U. S.
Commission of Pish and Fisheries. Section III,
Part 0(139):
The article describes the distribution of the yellow
perch In America. Mentioned is that at Oswego, Port
Ontario, Chaumont and Sackets Harbour, as well as other
points on the southern and eastern shore of Lake Ontario,
the yellow perch are very abundant.
186. Goode, George Brown. l884c. The salmon tribe. In:
Goode, George Brown (ed.). The Fishery Industry
of the United States. U. S. Commission of Pish
and Fisheries. Section III, Part Q(l60); 468-474.
This chapter of Mr. Goode Ts book deals vrith the salmon;
their distribution, abundance, habits, reproduction and
young fish. Also included In a sepcific reference to
the salmon In Lake Ontario, how they were fished and the
fact that the numbers of salmon have decreased over the
years — the author attributing their decrease to over-
fishing and pollution of the waters by the mills and
factories.
187. Goode, George Brown. l884d. The namaycush or lake
trout ( Sa£ve£
-------
The lake trout, or salmon trout, is a non-migrating
species inhabiting the chain of Great Lakes from
Superior to Ontario, as well as Lake Champlaln and
many other smaller lakes of the United States and of
British America. Certain modifications of structure
have resulted from access to nutritious food in almost
unlimited quantity and from existence for many genera-
tions in extensive bodies of water. The most striking
of these is the greater size. The lake trout sometimes
attains the weight of one hundred and twenty pounds.
They are almost always found In the same lake with one
or more kinds of whitefish.
In Lake Ontario the lake trout are found in abundance.
Although they rank far below the whitefish, three times
as many whiteflsh as trout are usually taken.
188. Grabill, L. R. 1889. Report of operations at the
shad-hatching station on Battery Island, near
Havre de Grace, Md., during the season of 1886.
U. S. Commission Pish and Fisheries, Kept, for
1886. Part 1H: 807-814.
The above is a report on the hatching and distribution
of shad at the Battery Island, Md. station. With
reference to Lake Ontario, 75,000 rockfish were sent
from the Battery Island, Md. station for deposit in
Lake Ontario near Oswego.
189. Graham, Joseph J. 1951. The ecology and life history
of the alewife (?omotobu& p^eurfoha^enu*) in Lake
Ontario. Univ. of Toronto, Dept. of Zoology. A p.
A physiological Investigation on the alewife of Lake
Ontario was begun in the spring of 1951 at the Southern
Research Station of the Ontario Department of Lands and
Forests. Experiments were attempted during the Inves-
tigation Included studies on lethal temperatures,
osmotic lethal and preferred temperatures. Discussion
of mortalities in experimental samples and lethal tem-
perature experiments is included. The other two
experiments were not carried out due to extreme
mortality of laboratory stocks of alewives due to
problems with respiration.
190. Graham, Joseph J. 1954. The morphometry and mortality
of the alewife (PomotobuA P4eucfofca*en3iu, Wilson)
in fresh water. Summary of Ph.D. thesis, Dept.
of Zoology, Univ. of Toronto. 4 p.
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This paper gives a summary of J. J. Grahams Ph.D. thesis.
The major aspect of the problem Investigated was a study
of growth and form carried out to evaluate differences
In growth rates and body proportions between Lake Ontario
and anadromous, Atlantic alewives. Particular attention
was also given to the nature of the annual mortality
which is characteristic of P. pAeurfoha/iengtu in Lake
Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
191. Graham, Joseph J. 1956. Observations on the alewife
(PomoiobtU ptnudohaizngu* (Wilson) in fresh water.
University of Toronto, Biological Series No. 62.
43 p. (Publications of the Ontario Fisheries
Research Laboratory, No. 7*0.
The major study in this investigation was one of growth
and form, carried out to evaluate differences in growth
rates and body proportions between the landlocked Lake
Ontario and the anadromous Atlantic alewives. Particular
attention was also given to the nature of the annual
mortality that is characteristic of P. paeudofea-tenguA
in Lake Ontario. The Atlantic alewife has a more rapid
rate of growth than the landlocked form. Both groups
display early rapid growth followed by a decrease in
the growth rate coincident with the onset of sexual
maturity. It is suggested that the freshwater environ-
ment hastens the onset of maturity with its attendent
inhibition of growth. The Lake Ontario alewife matures
about one year earlier than the Atlantic salmon. The
form of the alewife within Lake Ontario is smaller than
the Atlantic form and several comparisons of measurement
are presented.
During the alewifes spring entry into shoal water, it
sometimes encounters gradients that have maximum surface
temperatures approaching 20°C gradients. Alewives were
observed to die principally within the upper ranges of
these gradients. A correlation between the gradual
Increase in surface temperature from spring to summer
with Increase in mortality was also found. Comparison
of the range of lethal temperatures found in the labora-
tory with the lethal ranges of the temperature gradients
observed in the field showed that the early incidences
of mortality are related to the entrance of the alewives
into warm shoal waters in spring while they are still
acclimated to the low temperatures of the lakes depths.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
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192. Graham, Joseph J. 1957. Some observations on the
schooling movements of the alewife in Lake Ontario.
Canadian Field-Naturalist. 71(3): 115-116.
The alewife (Pomotobu.6 pAfcudofea^enguA ) schools of Lake
Ontario exhibit two characteristic movements: The
"mill" and the "roller-coaster." In the "roller-
coaster" movement the school undulates from the surface
of the water to the bottom over a zigzag course fre-
quently breaking the surface. The "mill" is produced
by a school forming a circle. The "mill" was observed
when a school approached a semi-circular indentation of
the shoreline formed by a gravel spit extending into the
lake. The school turned toward shore when encountering
the spit and in consequence turned at an angle of about
180°. When a school turns at an angle of about 180°
fish passing each other in opposite directions exert a
greater stimulus than those traveling in the same
direction. Thus, the fish on the Inside of the turn
Incline toward each other and members on the outside
follow them and soon the school is circling. In
laboratory studies, schools will "mill" continuously
once the mill is formed unless disturbed.
193. Graikoskl, John T. 1965. Microbiological studies on
Lake Ontario. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Research
Division. Proceedings 8th Conference Great Lakes
Research. Pub. 13: 211.
Water and bottom mud samples were collected from
approximately 17 stations at various depths from the
eastern half of Lake Ontario. Both surface and bottom
water samples were obtained aseptically. The total
number of viable bacteria growing aerobically on
nutrient agar at 35°C was determined. Water samples
from a few selected stations were also tested for
bacteria growing anaeroblcally . The number of aerobic
bacteria varied from 10 to greater than 30,000 per ml
(depending on the station), the greater numbers being
in the shallow stations, with slightly greater numbers
in the samples obtained from the bottom. In the
deeper stations, very little differences in the numbers
growing aerobically or anaerobically were observed.
As expected, the number growing anaerobically was small,
although in the samples containing a large number of
aerobes there was a correspondingly greater number of
bacteria growing anaerobically. Samples of fish cultured
aboard vessel, as well as the mud samples, were trans-
ported back to the laboratory for analysis as to types
of anaerobic bacteria present.
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19*4. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1961. Fishery
Statistical districts of the Great Lakes. Tech.
Kept. No. 2. Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 24.
Biologists responsible for fishery research on the Great
Lakes recognized early the futility of attempting to
follow changes of fish stocks without full and accurate
statistics on catch and effect. The only feasible pro-
cedure is a reporting system in which the individual
fishermen prepare and submit accounts of their dally
take and gear fished. Inasmuch as fishing conditions
are substantially different in various areas of a single
lake, the most effective use of catch effort statistics
can be made only if they are sorted according to local
areas, or statistical districts. The report states the
districts and boundaries found in all the Great Lakes,
Lake St. Clair and adjoining waters.
195. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1962. Commercial
fish production in the Great Lakes 1867-1960.
Ann Arbor, Michigan. Tech. Kept. No. 3- 166 p.
Records of the production of fish from the Great Lakes
were collected as early as 1867 in Canada and 1879 In
the United States. The report is an up-to-date
record of the production of the fishery from 1867 to
I960. Includes fish type, pounds and caught per year
per species of fish.
196. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1966. Summary of
regulations relating to commercial fishing on
the Great Lakes. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 60 p.
This report is a summary of commercial fishing regu-
lations in the Great Lakes. Concerning Lake Ontario
the regulations are broken down into Province of
Ontario and State of New York regulations. Included
are fish size limits, Rill, pound and trap net overall
size and net mesh size regulations. Regulations on
fishing with seines and trawls is included. Methods
of measuring mesh size in Ontario and New York are
discussed. Regulations on closed areas, license fees
and requirements on reporting fish catch statistics
are included.
197. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1967. Annual report
for the year 1966. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 61 p.
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The annual report to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission
for 1966, includes a brief summary of the fishing in
the Great Lakes. Concerning Lake Ontario they briefly
discussed the recently depressed sport and commercial
fisheries and measures taking to Improve It. Suggestions
were presented for Increased studies concerning the Sea
Lamprey, chemical and thermal pollution and rates of
eutrophlcatlon in Lake Ontario.
198. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1968. Annual report
for the year 196?. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 63 p.
The Annual Report for 196? includes a brief summary of
the changes in the commercial fishery in Lake Ontario
between 1966 and 1967. The Sea Lamprey is sited as a
cause for the decline in whltefish and lake trout
populations. Results of Kohanne stocking were Included.
Also in 1967 a reward was offered to commercial fisher-
men for sea lamprey caught by commercial fishing gear.
A total of 585 were purchased from fishermen on Lake
Ontario.
199. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1969a. Lake Ontario
committee report of annual meeting. Appendix
VIII. 4 p. (Unpublished).
The report discusses the commercial fishery in Canadian
and U. S. waters of Lake Ontario. The six major species
in 1967 and 1968 were carp, white perch, yellow perch,
eel, bullheads and smelt. Most of the commercial pro-
duction continues to come from the shallow waters at
the eastern end of the lake while the relatively large
expanse of deep-water remains unproductive. A mention
of the releasing of coho smolts by the U. S, and the
presence of lamprey predatation is Included. (Canada
Centre for Inland Waters).
200. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1969b. Annual report
for the year 1968. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 71 p.
This report Includes summaries of the management and
research; and of trout and salmon plantings on all of
the Laurentian Great Lakes. There Is a section dealing
with the lamprey control program In the U. S. which
Includes survey reports on chemical treatments, re-
establishment in treated streams and population
assessments. There is a section dealing with lamprey
control in Canada which described electrical barrier
operations, lampricide treatments and re-establishment
surveys in treated tributaries. (Canada Centre for
Inland Waters).
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201. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1970a. Annual report
for the year 1969. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 58 p.
The Annual Report for 1969 included proposals for
increased stream survey around Lake Ontario and con-
struction of electrical barriers. The results of the
1969 survey for the Sea Lamprey in Lake Ontario were
submitted but not fully published here.
A summary of commercial fishing in Lake Ontario was
included with comparisons to 1968. Results of attempted
establishment of Lake trout, coho and kokanee were
included and the Sea Lamprey problem associated with
these species. Included was data on coho, kokanee and
Chinook salmon plantinp-s in Lake Ontario. A brief
summary of sport fishing in Lake Ontario was also
included.
A brief summary of the Sea Lamprey in 135 Lake Ontario
tributaries on the New York side and Himber River on
the Canadian side is included.
202. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 1970b. Report to
the States (1969-1970). Ann Arbor, Michigan.
55 P.
The report is a general review of significant Great
Lakes developments in 1969-1970. Included is a report
on the Great Lakes fisheries, including catch changes
between 1964-1968 and 1969-1970 and the plantings of
hatchery-reared yearlings.
203. Great Lakes Institute. 1965a. Annual Report, 1964
PR 18, Toronto. Univ. of Toronto. 47 p.
A general report on the activities of the Great Lakes
Institute in 1964. A summary of Great Lakes Institute
research projects is given. Among the projects dis-
cussed are Great Lakes bottom fauna investigations,
study on stream crayfish in a Toronto Island canal and
Great Lakes plankton studies.
204. Great Lakes Institute. 1965b. Annual report PR 25,
Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 55 p.
A general report on the activities of the Great Lakes
Institute from 1964-1965. A summary of research papers
and programs is given. Included is a study of crayfish
in streams, plankton sampling and bottom sampling.
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205. Great Lakes Institute. 1968a. Annual report PR 31,
Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 70 p.
A general report on the activities of the Great Lakes
Institute during 1967. A summary of research projects
on the Great Lakes is given. The projects Include
studies of the benthos of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie,
ecological factors influencing the parasite fauna of
yellow perch and white perch in the Bay of Quinte,
zooplankton investigation in the Bay of Quinte and
phytoplankton distribution in Lake Ontario in relation
to the thermal bar.
206. Great Lakes Institute. 1968b. Annual report, PR 35,
Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 42 p.
A general report on the activities of the Great Lakes
Institute during 1968. Included in the report is bio-
logical, chemical, physical data taken by the Porte
Dauphine, the research vessel of Great Lakes Institute
in a survey from January to December in the Great Lakes.
Included also is a summary of a study that is being
done on Lake Ontario, it is called Stuides of the Phyto-
plankton in the Great Lakes, Phytoplankton Distribution
in Lake Ontario.
207. Great Lakes Institute. 1969. Annual report, PR 40,
Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 31 p.
A general report on the activities of the Great Lakes
Institute during 1969. A summary of research projects
on the Great Lakes is given. The projects include a
study on the phytoplankton in the Great Lakes.
208. Greeley, John R. Undated. Conservation of the black
bass resource of the Lake Ontario St. Lawrence
Region. NYS Conservation Dept. Leaflet, Albany,
New York. 10 p.
The waters of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River
comprise the largest and most important small mouthed
bass region in New York State. The supply of bass has
held up well In this region in general although some
local areas have decreased in bass population. Bass
size average rather samll due to poor growth in early
age and heavy fishing pressure resulting in few fish of
the older age groups. A change of regulation lowering
the limit of 10 bass per person to 6 is recommended.
Environmental factors limiting bass production include
competition of other fish living on the same grounds
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and utilizing the same food. Control of commercial
fisheries and other modification of fish population
have important actual or potential bearing on the
problem of bass production. Present bass stocking
results in these waters are of questionable value and
improvement of the supply through further expansion of
planting cannot be assumed. Consideration of the entire
fisheries management plan for the unit of water involved
is recommended as the most likely method for improveing
bass fishing by developing, testing and applying manage-
ment fitted to improve carrying capacities, control
harvesting and assume replacements adequate to maintain
a sustained level of fisheries. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
209. Greeley, John R. 1927. Pishes of the Genesee region
with annotated list. Supplemental to l6th Annual
Report for 1926, NYS Conservation Dept, Biological
Survey, pp. **7~66.
The Genesee River rises in Pennsylvania and flows
northward across the State of New York to enter Lake
Ontario. Sixty-six species of fish are listed as
occurring in this region including food and game fishes,
fishes used as food by the game fishes and those mis-
cellaneous fishes which are of no direct use to man.
The ecology of the numerous kinds of fishes is also
described with a special emphasis to the effects of
pollution on fish.
210. Greeley, John R. 1928. Pishes of the Oswego watershed.
Supplemental to 17th Annual Report for 1927, NYS
Conservation Dept., A Biological Survey of the
Oswego River System, pp. 84-107.
During the summer of 1927, extensive Investigation of
the fishes of the entire Oswego watershed was carried
out. Included Is a description of the area and dis-
tribution of fish in the watershed, a list of food and
game fish, non-habitat preferences, fish associations,
trout stream associations, vermin fishes, fishes in
regard to pollution and minnow tests for pollution are
mentioned. Color plates of some fish and lampreys,
an annotated list of fishes occurring in the Oswego
River drainage, charts on fish distribution and food
of some Oswego drainage fishes in included.
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211. Greelye, John R. 1929. A biological survey of the
Erie-Niagara System. VI. Pishes of the Erie-
Niagara Watershed. Supplemental to l8th Annual
Report for 1928. NYS Conservation Dept., Albany,
New York. pp. 150-179.
This program included a study of the fish life of the
region. The problem was: to gather data regarding the
distribution and habits of the various fishes; the
conditions of environment under which they are found;
their relative abundance; and their relative economic
importance. Collections were supplied for stomach
examination, physiological examination; and for para-
site examination.
Collections were made from throughout the system, from
which a distribution of the food, game and commercial
fishes were compiled. A group of factors contributing
to a decline of fish numbers have been listed which
are followed by suggestions and recommendations. A
chart of fish distribution through the watershed and
an annotated list of fishes is also Included.
212. Greeley, John R. 19*10. A biological survey of the
Lake Ontario watershed. II. Pishes of the
watershed with annotated list. NYS Conservation
Dept., Supplemental to 29th Annual Report for
1939, Biological Survey, Albany, New York. pp.
42-81.
The distribution and relative abundance of the fishes
of the region are discussed from an analysis of 522
survey collections. The annotated list of species
comprises 100 forms taken in field collections with
10 additional ones recorded on the basis of literature
or previous collections.
Data bearing upon growth rate of 12 species are pre-
sented. Various aspects of the problem of managing
the fish resources on a sustained yield basis are
dealt with. Natural reproduction, Involving various
population units, is considered more important in
maintenance of resources than stocking and attention
is directed toward the need for maintaining and
improving environments, controlling undesirable
fish and improving regulations. Lake Ontario has a
relatively smaller percentage of shallow, productive
areas than others of the Great Lakes and its fishing
areas are under heavy pressure of commercial fishing
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and angling. Fisheries of the lake have been depleted
to the point of supporting a smaller annual crop than
would be possible under regulations adjusting the take
to a maximum sustained yield.
213. Greeley, John R. 19**8. Pour years of landlocked
salmon study. NYS Conservation Dept., Pish and
Wildlife Information Bulletin. No. 2. pp. 1-16.
The article contains a brief note on the presence of
landlocked salmon in Lake Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto
Zoology Library).
214. Greeley, John R. 1955. White bass. NYS Conservationist
10(1): 29.
The white bass is a fine sport fish to be taken in New
York State. However, it has a restricted range and
comparatively few anglers have ever seen it. Its
range extends to Lake Ontario. A few hundred pounds of
white bass are taken each year in Lake Ontario. Some
of its ecology, fishery aspects and identifying charac-
teristics are discussed.
215. Greeley, John R. 1956. The lamprey in New York
waters. New York State Conservationist. 11(1):
18-21.
Contains a description of the sea lamprey with special
reference to its occurrence in Lakes Ontario, Erie,
Champlain, Cayuga, Seneca and Oneida. Also included is
a discussion of lamprey control as it applies to the New
York situation.
216. Greeley, John R, and S. C. Bishop. 1932. Pishes of
the area with annotated list. Supplemental 21st
Annual Report for 1931, NYS Conservation Dept.,
Biological Survey. 6: 5^-93.
This paper is a study of particular fish problems of
Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence watershed along with a
general collection of fish from the investigated area.
The function of the survey was to discover and define
fisheries problems that are in need of special study.
Included In the paper is an annotated list of fish of
the region, charts on fish distribution in the tvater-
shed, important economic fishes and information on the
spawning habits of bass and the nests and fry of lake
catfish.
-------
217. Green, Seth. l874a. Report on shad-hatching operations
U. S. Commission Pish and Fisheries. Report for
1872-1873. Part 2. pp. 405-406.
The author reports hatching 7,500,000 shad and placing
50,000 in Onelda Lake and 50,000 in the Genesee River
in 1872. The year before he placed 15,000 young shad
in the Genesee River. As a result, he says he could
take 20 shad averaging over 7" long per haul with a
twenty-rod seine at the mouth of the river in Lake
Ontario.
218. Green, Seth. l874b. Shad in Lake Ontario. Forest
and Stream. 2(19): 292.
An account of a successful attempt to propagate shad in
Lake Ontario is given. The author reports large quan-
tities of shad are being caught at Port Dalhousie on
the north side of Lake Ontario, and quite a few are
taken in nets at other points.
219. Green. Seth. 1882. Salmon caught in Genesee River,
New York. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission for
1881. 1: 23-24,
Contains a brief note on the occurrence of five salmon
weighing an average of 3-10 Ibs. in the Genesee River.
Green, C. Willard - See: Carl L. Hubbs, No. 262.
220. Greene, C. W. 1940. A biological survey of the Lake
Ontario watershed. I. Stocking policy for the
Ontario watershed with suggestions for other fish
management methods. NYS Conservation Dept.,
Supplemental 29th Annual Report for 1939, Biolo-
gical Survey, pp. 20-41.
Reports on each body of water in the survey area have
been made by various groups of the survey organization.
These data are directed primarily toward acquisition
of a basis for an improved stocking policy but they
form a basis also for the improvement of fishing con-
ditions by other management methods.
The stream unit is concerned with recording this
Information on the stream and also with preparing maps,
assembling survey data for filing and applying the
data in the formulation of a stocking policy.
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It is believed that characteristics of fish populations
of the waters studied give the most practical single
basis for a stocking policy but lack of complete
information of this kind necessitates using additional
physical and biological information, including tempera-
tures, food and pool evaluations, etc. Improvement of
the experimental basis for the details of a stocking
policy is as necessary as more extensive field data.
The Salmon River and the Irondequoit Creek are the best
trout streams of the area. The Salmon River is notable
for the excellently preserved natural conditions and for
an interesting association between the native brook and
introduced rainbow trout in and above Redfield Reservoir.
Irondequoit Creek, although located in a suburban area,
still maintains good fishing for brown and rainbow
trout. Other streams are lowland waters producing
principally warm-water fishes; they are generally
unimportant as fishing waters.
An extensive habitat characteristic of this area is
comprised by the estuaries and creek mouths which
supplement the fish-producing waters of Lake Ontario.
They serve as spawning and rearing places for several
Lake Ontario fishes and as forage areas for others.
They vary considerably in the kind and extent of
facilities provided for the migrant species. Periodic
concentrations of game fishes in some of these estuar-
ies attract corresponding concentrations of anglers.
Subjects worthy of special consideration and study in
this area are: Management of the estuaries, possibil-
ities and competitive aspects of rainbow trout in the
upper Salmon River and the advisability of transfers
of wild trout from crowded to underpopulated waters.
221. Greene, C. W., R. P. Hunter and W. C. Senning. 1932.
Stocking policy for streams, lakes and ponds in
the Oswegatchie and Black River systems
(including also the lesser tributory streams of
the Upper St. Lawrence and of Northeastern Lake
Ontario). Supplemental 21st Annual Report for
1931, NYS Dept. of Conservation, Biological
Survey. 6: 18-53-
The report gives a thorough description of the procedures
involved in stocking lakes and streams with fish.
Included is a description of the personnel Involved and
how they are organized in relation to the stocking
-90-
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project; different procedures for numbering streams,
the purpose being to be able to identify each stream
in the drainage area. Also discussed were the factors
upon which the stocking policy is based, i.e. -
temperature, chemical requirements, food, etc.
222. Hallam, J. C. 1959. Habitat and associated fauna of
four species of fish in Ontario streams. Journal
Fisheries Research Board Canada. 16(2): 147-173.
Pour species of fish found in Ontario streams can be
divided into two distinct groups on the basis of
habitat and associated fauna. Satve.tLU.pQ,&tfL4.& (RajJ^neAque) and l(4.c,fiQp£zfi
Lacepide occur together in warmer downstream waters.
The latter group has more associated species of fish
than the former. Some invertebrates such as certain
stonefly and mayfly nymphs occur frequently with fish
of one group and rarely with fish of the other group.
They may be useful as indicators of waters likely to
be inhabited by or suitable for the species of fish
with which they are frequently associated.
The sampling area consisted of rivers and creeks which
enter Lake Ontario at intervals which extend over about
80 miles of the north shore in the Toronto region.
Hamilton, A. L. - See: R, 0. Brinkhurst, No. 76.
223. Hanklnson, T. L. 1923. The creek fish of western
New York. Copeia. No. 115- pp. 29-33.
A study of small streams in the western part of New
York State was undertaken during the summers of 1920 and
1921. The Lake Ontario drainage, the Lake Erie drainage
and the Ohio River drainage were the three basins
included in the study. With reference to the Lake
Ontario drainage, only 2 streams were examined which
were Twelvemile Creek and Wilson Creek. The paper
gives a summary of notes, principally on the occurrence
of species, in the form of an annotated list.
Harkness, William J. K. 1927a. Ciscoes of Lake
Ontario. Manuscript: Univ. Toronto, Dept. of
Zoology. 3 p. (Unpublished).
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Studies on the clscoes of Lake Ontario near Port Credit
between May 1925 and April 1925 indicate that there are
two species of ciscoes (lake herring) of economic Impor-
tance in this region. Le.u.C4,ckthi/6 afittdi is the common
shallow v?ater "herring." In recent years Its numbers
have been greatly reduced and the great increase In Ling,
Lota macu£o-&a , may have been a factor. The recent
scarcity of the alewife may have caused greater predata-
tlon by the Ling on the ciscoe. Le.uc>ic.kthy6 ti-iighaldj.,
the ciscoe of the Port Credit fishermen, is a deep water
species found commonly at 250-400 feet and does not
reach a large size and few are caught in a 3 inch mesh
gill net. Three other species are found in Lake Ontario:
px.ogna.thu.& , Leu
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game fish and the necessity of protecting them. The
information and statistics are then applied to a
situation in Lake Nlpissing. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
228. Harkness, William J. K. 19^5. The determination of
maximum yield of the Lake Ontario whitefish fishery
National Committee Fish Culture, Toronto, Ontario.
4 P.
This paper is a report of data collected from eastern
Lake Ontario whitefish concerning length and weight.
The program of research is not included but is in the
Proceedings 19^4 and 19^5 Results are in graph form.
Scale and Pish Statistics for 19^5 are discussed.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
229. Harkness, William J. K. and J. R. Dymond. 1961. The
lake sturgeon. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests,
Pish and Wildlife Branch, Toronto, Ontario. 121 p.
The pamphlet discusses the sturgeon, its size, color,
kinds, distribution, habits, type of food, growth rates
and reproduction. Included is an interesting record
of record size sturgeon taken at different places, one
of which was 230 Ibs, 6'7" long taken on the Niagara
River on October 28, 19^6. The author mentions the
history of the sturgeon fishery, attributing the
decline of the fishery to unfavorable environmental
changes. Included also is a list of predators, para-
sites and diseases of the sturgeon. (Ontario Dept.
Lands and Forests Maple).
230. Harkness, William J. K. and A. G. Huntsman. 1928.
Dead alewives on Lake Ontario. Correspondence
to Seth Gordon, Conservation Director, Isaac
Walton League of America, Chicago, Illinois.
This series of correspondence between Seth E. Gordon
and W. J. K. Harkness, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of
Toronto occured during the summer of 1928. It des-
cribes a destruction of the alewives (fish kill) which
occurred on Lake Ontario between Lewiston and Toronto,
as well as near the eastern end of the Lake. (Toronto
Ontario Pish. Research Library, Zoology Library).
231. Harman, W. M. and C. 0. Berg. 1971. The freshwater
snails of central New York. Cornell University
Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, New
York. 1(4): 1-67.
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This paper provides descriptions, illustrations and
usable keys for identification of the freshwater snails
and limpets of central New York, including the Oswego
watershed. Presented is information on their distri-
bution and ecology, and relation of their distribution
to regional geology and limnology.
232. Harrington, R. W., Jr. 19*»7. The early life history
of the bridled shiner, Notiopi* bJ.fazna.tiL* (Cape).
Copela. 2: 97-102.
The known range of Mo;t/t.op>U b^/iena-tuA extends through
the Atlantic coastal drainage from Southern Maine and
New Hampshire south to the Potomac River system of
Virginia and westward through Lake Champlaln, the St.
Lawrence River and Lake Ontario drainage. It inhabits
ponds, lakes and rivers but only in shallow sections
with still or slowly flowing water. It can be found
over mud, silt or detritus although it prefers moderate
to abundant vegetation. The author was able to obtain
fertilized eggs by artificial means with which he
studied embryo genesis and early development.
233. Harris, Edward. 1906. The Ontario commercial fisheries.
How and why destroyed. Pamphlet, Univ. Toronto,
Dept. Zoology. 30 p.
In 1899, the "Ontario blight" struck the fisheries,
decreasing the yearly catch of nearly 5,000,000 Ibs.
At the same time, the year's catch was valued at
$300,000 more than the previous year. Such inflated
prices are misleading to those people who do not compare
these figures to other previous years. Thus, it seems
as though the fisheries are more productive. Since
ninety-five percent of the catch is exported to America,
the only benefit to Ontario is the Income from revenues
levied on the fisherman. The report also described the
unfavorable aspects of the nets used by commercial fish-
ermen. (Univ. Toronto, Zoology Library).
234. Hart, J. S. 1952. Geographical variation of some
physiological and morphological characteristics in
fish. Univ. Toronto, Biological Series 60. 79 P-
Study of the geographic variation of lethal temperatures
and diagnostic morphological characteristics in ten
species of fresh water fish showed that the variability
was relatively greater for the morphological character-
istics. No evidence was found for physiological as
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distinct from morphological races and many of the species
studied possessed uniformity in lethal temperatures from
Ontario to Tennessee to Florida. As a result, the lethal
temperature findings did not confirm the accepted
taxonomic status in several species with recognized
subspecies over this range. In others with geographic
differences in lethal temperatures, there was agreement
with the taxonomic status. (Toronto Ontario Pish.
Research Library).
Hart, John Lawson - See: J. R. Dymond, No. 1^9.
235. Hart, John Lawson. 1929. The capture of young white-
fish in the Bay of Qulnte. Science. 70: 284.
A short report on the capture of young whitefish in the
Bay of Quinte. The fry were taken close to shore in
water of depth of three feet or less on numerous
occasions between April 12 and June 1, 1928. The
capture and observation of the fry over a period of
seven weeks provided material which yielded valuable
information on the early growth, food and habits of the
important commercial species.
236. Hart, John Lawson. 1930. The spawning and early life
history of the whitefish, Coizgonu.4 c.tu.pza.6oim
-------
three to four feet in depth but remain close to surface
and by the end of May they leave the shallows and in
July they appear to be in bottom water of medium (50 ft.)
depth. Descriptions of the eggs and fry are given and
compared to ciscoes. Whitefish fry growth is slow at
first then increases rapidly. Data on growth is
presented. Early food consist of Entomostraca followed
by insect larvae and amphipods. Chief associates of
whiteflsh young are of the ciscoe with which it directly
competes for food. It is recommended that planting of
hatchery fry be made close to gently sloping shores and
that the fry be widely distributed. The numbers of
perch should be reduced in the spawning area. (Toronto
Ontario Pish. Research Library).
237. Hart, John Lawson. 1931a. The spawning and early life
history of the whitefish, Co/iegontu c£upeica
jf£ave.&een4). For the first time there is recorded the
capture of a complete series of whitefish young of the
year. Based on this material are descriptions of the
stages of the young from twelve millimeter to eighty
millimeter stages and the characters differentiating
whitefish from clsco. The rate of growth of the fry is
slow at first but is much accelerated in the latter
part of May and until the end of July. The food from
the first consists of Entomostraca, chiefly Boim-cna,
Vaphn
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238. Hart, John Lawson. 1931b. The growth of the whiteflsh,
CoAegce. A similar number
were parasitized by a species of tc.hinoihyncku.4. Nema-
tode parasites were found in fewer specimens and in
small numbers. Crustacean parasites were comparatively
rare
240. Hart, John Lawson. 1931d. On the daily movements of
the coregonine fishes. Canadian Field-Naturalist.
45(1): 8-9.
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In Lake Nlpigon an experiment was performed to determine
movements of some coregonine fishes. A gang of gill
nets was lifted at sunrise and sunset of each day and
was returned to the water In the same place immediately
after removing and recording the fish taken in it. The
results showed that more coregonine fish were caught
during the night than day indicating greater activity
at night. However, a similar experiment was performed
in water of greater depth in Lake Ontario and the results
failed to corroborate.
241. Hart, John Lawson. 1933. Another blue perch. Copeia.
No. 1. 31* p.
Contains a brief note on the occurrence of a blue
perch on November 8, 1927 in the Bay of Quinte,
Lake Ontario.
2M2. Heard, William H. 1962. The Sphaeriidae (Mollusca:
Pelecypoda) of the North American Great Lakes.
American Midland Naturalist. 67(1): 19^-198.
The mollusk fauna of the Great Lakes is not well
known, and the sphaerlid clams have never been recor-
ded. Although ignored until recently, specific
identification is necessary when studying food
relationships, parasitology and distribution. Lists
of sphaeriids from each of the Great Lakes reveal that
Superior has 6 species; Lake Michigan, 20; Lake Huron,
20; Lake Erie, lA; and Lake Ontario, 26 species.
Among the sphaeriids, some species are more common
than others, and occurrence varies with depth of water
and type of substrate.
Hedrick, L. R. and Marjorle Soyugenc. 1967. Yeasts
and molds in water and sediments of Lake Ontario.
Proceedings 10th Conference Great Lakes Research.
pp. 20-30.
Yeast and molds were isolated from 27 widely distribu-
ted stations in Lake Ontario. Each station represented
4 samples, three from the water, i.e. the surface depth
of 1 meter, the mid-depth and near the bottom. One
sample was also taken from the bottom sediment.
Organisms from the water were collected by filtration
through membranes and cultured on a defined agar medium.
The sediment samples (each 6.0g wet wt.) were suspended
in 100 ml of the defined liquid medium and four 10 ml
portions of this suspension were pulled separately
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through membrane filters. These filters were then
incubated on the defined agar medium. Colonies of
representative fungi, which had grown within a period
of 24 to 72 hours, were isolated by culturing them
upon slants for later identification.
Twenty species of yeasts, representing 7 genera, were
Identified. Eight genera of molds were isolated. The
density distribution of fungi with respect to the
depth of the water samples showed that the frequency
of occurrence increased with depth. For the 27
stations, the average number of yeasts isolated per
100 ml was 10 at a depth of 1 meter, 130 for water at
mid-depth and 460 for water near the bottom; the
average number of yeasts in the sediment sample was
46. The respective values for molds were 6, 16, 16
and 11.
Stepwlse, multiple correlation analyses did not reveal
any consistent association of any one parameter with
the distribution of the two most numerous species
Ca.ndi.da. gu.4.tJt4.z>unond
-------
residues of DDT and metabolites, dleldrin, heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide and chlordane were found consisten-
tly during all sampling periods at some stations.
245. Henley, Robert J. 1967. Water Quality Influences on
Outdoor Recreation in the Lake Ontario Basin.
Proceedings 10th Conference Great Lakes Research.
pp. 427-440.
This paper discusses the water quality influences upon
present and future use of outdoor recreation resources
in the United States portion of the Lake Ontario Basin.
Waters of poor quality have had deleterious effect upon
recreational activities. Indicators at public recrea-
tion areas that substantiate this viewpoint are high
bacteria counts, large masses of algae and aquatic
plants, mass die-off of fish, and water turbidity
problems all of which have resulted in decisions of
responsible officials to ban swimming at a few public
beaches. An analysis of the influence of poor water
quality upon swimming is made to establish an indication
of the value to recreation of pollution control.
246. Henson, E. Bennette. 1966. A review of Great Lakes
benthos research. The Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes
Research Division. Pub. 14: 37-54.
Research attention to the earth-water interface and to
the associated plant and animal populations inhabiting
the bottom substrata of the Great Lakes has recently
both gained in intensity and changed in emphasis. Des-
criptive blotic surveys are still greatly needed in
Great Lakes research; but with the informative back-
ground noi* accumulated, investigations are able to
proceed in directions that answer the key questions of
"why" and "how" rather than "what." An objective of
this article is to focus attention to Great Lakes
benthos research that serves as an oar in the movement
of future limnological understanding. A focus on con-
temporary research must be considered in terms of both
the past and the future to appraise results and to
confirm or re-establish courses of action. An effort
If made here to contribute to unified knowledge of
Great Lakes benthos by adopting one vantage point and
bringing out salient aspects, summarizing present
investigations, evaluating benthos composition, and
refocusing this in terms of temporal dynamics. The
selected vantage point will consider the benthos as an
entity in geologic time subject to the eutrophlc forces
of biological succession.
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247. Herbert, Henry William. 1859. Prank Foresterfs Fish
and Fishing of the United States and British Pro-
vinces of North America. George E. Woodward, New
York City, N. Y. 521 p.
The book in which the author describes the game fish of
New York. He includes descriptions of the salmon, pike,
carp, herring, catfish, eel and perch families. Also
Included are shoalwater fishes, deep sea fishes and
different types of fishing. Within his descriptions of
the fish he Includes their habitats and locations.
248. Herbst, Richard P. 1969. Ecological factors and the
distribution of Ctadophofia, gtome.Jia.ta in the Great
Lakes. American Midland Naturalist. 82(1): 90-98.
Included in this paper is a sketch of Cta.dophox.0. dis-
tribution in the Great Lakes. Lakes Erie and Ontario
were observed to have extensive Cta.dophon.0. growth
along most of their shorelines and these growths were
found to be most prevalent in association with larger
cities and their municipal outfalls.
Herrington, H. B. - See: R. 0. Brinkhurst, No. 76.
249. Herrington, H. B. 1947. Ace-t£a hatdzman-L in Ontario,
Canada. Nautilus. 61: 20-25.
Ac.ttt& ka.tde.ma.nj. Deshayes is one of our rarest and most
graceful shells. Its scarcity has precluded the
accumulation of information on its life history. The
purpose of this paper is to record observations and
comments on this snail in Ontario.
Mentioned is the general distribution of the snail and
comments on its habitat and reproductive cycle.
250. Hile, Ralph. 1*932. Fish scales and commercial fisheries
The Fisherman. 1(10): 3-4, 10.
The use of fish scales is an indication of the fishes
age is presented in general terms. Descriptions of
methods of analyzing annul! or year marks is included.
References are made to previous work done on herring and
chubs in Lake Ontario.
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251. Hile, Ralph. 1952. Twenty-five (25) years of federal
fishery research on the Great Lakes. U. S. Dept.
Interior Special Scientific Report. Fisheries No.
85. 48 p.
The major purpose of this publication is to present an
annotated bibliography of papers resulting from Federal
investigation on the Great Lakes fish and fisheries
since the formal initiation of a continuing research
program by the Fish and Wildlife Service.
The annotated list includes the principal publications
of staff members of Great Lakes Fishery Investigations.
Omitted have been papers resulting from work not
associated with Great Lakes research, reviews and
numerous processed memoranda and informational releases
of only temporary value, prepared for administrative
use or given restricted distribution. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
252. Hile, Ralph. 1957. U. S. Federal fishery research on
the Great Lakes through 1956. U. S. Dept. Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service. Special Scientific
Report. Fisheries No. 226. 46 p.
The major purpose of this publication is to present an
annotated bibliography of papers resulting from Federal
Investigations on the Great Lakes fish and fisheries
since formal initiation of a continuing research pro-
gram by the Fish and Wildlife Service. A summary of
Great Lakes Fishery Investigations shows that Lake
Ontario has received very little attention when com-
pared with the other Great Lakes. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
253. Hile, Ralph. 1966. U. S. Federal research on fisheries
and limnology in the Great Lakes through 1964: An
annotated bibliography. U. S. Dept. of Interior,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Special Scien-
tific Report. Fisheries No. 528. 53 P-
The annotated bibliography is proceeded by a breif
account of the Federal research program in fisheries
and limnology in the Great Lakes in 1957-64. The
bibliography covers 314 papers by staff members of the
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in
Ann Arbor, Michigan, and 35 by associated scientists
with whom the Laboratory had contractual or other
cooperative arrangements; Included also are patents
issued to Laboratory personnel. A roster of Laboratory
scientists as of December 31, 1964 is appended.
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254. Hile, Ralph and H. J. Deason. 193*1. Growth of the
whitefish, CotLtgonu* c-Cupearfotnu.4 (Mitchell), in
Trout Lake, Northeastern Highlands, Wisconsin.
Transactions of the American Pish. Society. 64:
231-237.
A study of the growth of whitefish in Trout Lake,
Wisconsin was compared to the growth rate of whitefish
from other North American lakes including Lake Ontario
near Pleasant Point done by Hart, 1931.
255. Hiltunen, Jarl K. 1966. Moss from the bottom of the
Great Lakes. The Michigan Botonist. 5(2): 62-63.
Aquatic mosses are not uncommon, but records of deep-
water species are few, and none may exist for the
Great Lakes. Specimens of fit&idtn* from bottom
samples from Lake Ontario, Erie, Superior and Michigan
have been noted. Apparently, this genus is widely
distributed in the Great Lakes, especially in places
where there is a hard clay substrate.
256. Hiltunen, Jarl K. 1969. The benthic macro fauna of
Lake Ontario. Great Lakes Fishery Commission,
Ann Arbor, Michigan. Tech. Report # 14. pp. 39-50
The presence and relative abundance of bottom macro-
fauna in Lake Ontario are documented. Bottom samples
were collected at 24 stations in September 1964. The
quantity of organisms and the distribution of some
species were affected by depth of water. Samples from
the shallower stations (4?.5 m or less) yielded an
average of 41,631 organisms per m whereas the deeper
stations (91*5 m or more) yielded an average of only
7,938. The Oligochaeta, the most abundant group of
macrolnvertebrates, were represented by four families -
Enchytraedae, Lumbriculidae, Naididae and Turificidae.
The lumbriculid worm, StytoduLtu* hi/uLngianu.& and the
burrowing amphypod, Pon-topoAe-ta a^inia, were rare or
absent in areas affected by pollution. In kinds and
abundance or organisms, the bottom fauna in Lake
Ontario was generally similar to that in Lake Michigan.
257. Hohn, Matthew H. 1951. A study of the distribution of
diatoms (Bacillarieae) in Western New York State.
Cornell University Agricultural Experiment
Station. Memoir 308. 38 p.
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The area included in this study was classified into
three main divisions according to their ultimate means
of drainage - the Lake Ontario drainage system, the
Allegheny River drainage system and the Chemung -
Susquehanna River drainage system. The Lake Ontario
drainage system covered 24 stations located on the
south shore of the lake from the Niagara River to
Oswego including tributaries. The diatom flora of
Western New York, as revealed in this study, includes
430 species and varieties representing 1*3 genera in
13 families of which the Lake Ontario drainage was
well represented.
258. Holden, William W. 1909- Commercial fishing. Ontario
Game and Pish Dept. 2nd Annual Report (1908).
pp. 13-14.
This paper is a summary report of the Game and Fisheries
inspectors for the year 1908. Reported is a general
report on the commercial fish catch of the Great Lakes
Including Lake Ontario. In 1908 Lake Ontario produced
twice as many whitefish as 1907, mostly from the Bay of
Quinte. Herring and lake trout were plentiful as before
and the sturgeon is a thing of the past. A summary of
inspections of fishermen both commercial and angling
is included. (Univ. of Toronto, Dept. Zoology).
259. Hooper, B. P. 1963. Punetodo/ia exocfeopo/ut N. sp.
(Chromadoridae: Nematoda) from the Canadian shore
of Lake Ontario. Canadian Journal Zoology. 41:
1121-1126.
Pu.nc.to do fta. e.xocA0po/ia n. sp., collected from the
Canadian shore of Lake Ontario in the vicinity of Bath,
Ontario, differs from the type P. /ta.tze6u/tge>t4x.4, in
having the excretory duct projecting from the body and
in having 15-16 preanal supplements. Only one to three
are recorded for P. *.&tze.bu>iQJi&. ?. exoe/iopo/ta
differs from ?. oh*iidtnA
-------
260. Hubbs, Carl L. 1926. A check-list of the fishes of
the Great Lakes and tributary waters, with nomen-
clatorial notes and analytical keys. Michigan
Museum Zoology. Miscellaneous publications. 15'
1-77.
A general list of the fishes of the Great Lakes and
connecting waters. According to the present list, the
fish fauna of the Great Lakes comprises 28 families,
96 genera and 154 species. Included in the paper are
keys to families, genera and species of the fish fauna
in the Great Lakes and its tributaries.
261. Hubbs, Carl L. and Dugald E. S. Brown. 1929. Materials
for a distributional study of Ontario fishes.
Trans. Royal Canadian Institute. 17(part 1): l-5o.
Contains a relatively complete study of the fish fauna
of southern Ontario. Several drainage basins were
sampled with stations 77 to 99 encompassing the Lake
Ontario drainage system. A list of the species is
given followed by the station number at which they ivere
collected, their approximate age, and some remarks on
identification and distribution. The list contains 96
species of which approximately 51 are reported from the
Lake Ontario drainage system.
262. Hubbs, Carl L. and C. Willard Greene. 1928. Further
notes on the fishes of the Great Lakes and
tributary waters. Papers of the Michigan Academy
Science, Arts and Letters. 8: 371-392.
This paper was prepared to call attention to new dis-
coveries which have a bearing on the nomenclature or
status of the fishes of the Great Lakes fauna. It
comprises a set of additions and corrections to the
senior writer's checklist (Univ. Michigan Museum
Zoology, Misc. Publication No. 15). The species and
subspecies of tiotiopbi.* which have been confused with
NotJtop&4,& cfe^>tc-to4aA are discussed in detail. At the
end of the paper the fishes of this fauna are again
listed to bring the changes in line with the published
list.
The fish fauna of the Great Lakes and tributary waters
comprises, according to the present list, 158 species
or a total of 180 forms, subspecies included.
-10*1-
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263. Hubbs, Carl L. and Karl P. Lazier. 1939. Keys for the
identification of the fishes of the Great Lakes
and tributary waters. Published by authors.
Ann Arbor, Michigan. Unnumbered.
The authors have attempted to print a guide which might
readily and accurately Identify the fishes of the Great
Lakes and tributary waters. The guide consi&ts of a
series of keys, the first to the families and the
others to the genera, species and subspecies in each
family. The present work presupposes on elementary
knowledge of fish anatomy and of the methods used in
ichthyological research. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology
Library).
264. Hubbs, Carl and Karl P. Lagler. 19^1. Guide to the
fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters.
Cranbrook Institute of Science. Bulletin No. 18.
100 p.
For amateur or professional zoologists the accurate
identifications of animals and a knowledge of their
ranges and habitats are of prime Importance. The
authors have attempted to provide a means by which all
persons interested may: learn the characters of
importance for the identification of fresh-water
fishes; "key" the Great Lakes species to their taxon-
omic designation; become acquainted with their known
geographic range; find an ecological annotation
indicating the habitat in which each forms most fre-
quently lives. (Univ. of Toronto, Dept. Zoology).
265. Hubbs, Carl L. and Karl P. Lagler. 1964. Fishes of
the Great Lakes Region. Publ. Ann Arbor, the
Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 213 p.
The book gives a complete survey of the fishes of the
Great Lakes. Included is the method of field study,
identification of fishes and keys to the families,
species and subspecies. Also included is a discussion
on each fish family found in the Great Lakes including
their physical characteristics, habitat, life cycle
and food. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
266. Hubbs, Carl L. and T. E. B. Pope. 1937. The spread
of the sea lamprey through the Great Lakes.
Transactions American Fish. Society, 1936. 66:
170-176.
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In the Great Lakes the sea lamprey occurred naturally
only in Lake Ontario. The construction of canals has
enabled this species to invade the other Great Lakes.
The destructiveness of the sea lamprey has been
noted in Lake Ontario and a similar problem will probably
result in the remaining Great Lakes. A history of the
observations and collections of the sea lamprey is dis-
cussed. It is also mentioned that there is no means
currently available to control the spread of the sea
lamprey.
267. Hubbs, Carl L, Boyd W. Walker and Raymond E. Johnson.
19*13. Hybridization in nature between species of
American cyprinodont fishes. Univ. Michigan,
Contributions Lab. Vertebrate Biol. No. 23.
pp. 1-21, plates 1-6.
This paper analyzes the hybridization in nature between
species of fish. The discussion centers around the
genera Cffi-copeopA, Luca*u.a, Pta.n.ttt>tu.& and fundu.tu.&
combinations. The only mention of Lake Ontario was
as follows "the similar mass hybridization between
iVoi/topA-t.4 ln.tttn.odon., Notnop&*.& (La.yu.ga. and Nottiop&4.&
anoge.nu.&, etc., indicated by Weed as probably occurring
in Turtle Creek, Wisconsin, and in Lake Ontario, failed
of confirmation when the material was re-examined."
268. Hunt, George S. 1965. The direct effects on some
plants and animals of pollution in the Great Lakes.
BloSclence. 15(3): 181-186.
The article lists four types of pollution: chemical,
including organics and inorganics; physical, including
color, turbidity, temperature, radioactivity, foam and
suspended matter; physiological; and biological pollu-
tion. The author includes in the article an example,
using each of the above types of pollution, of how the
type of pollution injured an animal or plant. For
example, in Lake Ontario in I960, 5,000 ducks were
contaminated with oil, and in the Niagara River, of
195 ducks banded, 23 had oil on them and 11 which were
clean at the time of banding were found dead with heavy
oil on them.
269. Hunter, Alf. 1911. Untitled report to Superintendent
of Game and Fisheries. Ontario Game and Fisheries
Dept. 4th Annual Report, 1910. pp. 12-13.
-106-
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This paper reports a summary of the findings of the
game and fish inspectors. Noted was that most fisher-
men have obeyed regulations. Pishing has been improved
over recent years in the Bay of Qulnte. (Univ. of
Toronto, Zoology Library).
270. Hunter, G. W. and Wanda S. Hunter. 1932. Studies on
parasites of fish and of fish-eating birds. NYS
Conservation Detp., Supplemental 21st Annual Rept.
for 1931, Biological Survey. 6: 252-271.
During the summer of 1931 a total of 971 fish were
examined to determine the parasitic fauna of the fish
in the area under survey. It was necessary to include
many species of fish other than game fish since the
parasitic fauna of one species oftentimes affects
another, i.e. larval forms of some parasites are found
in one species of fish which became mature in a second
species if the first host is eaten by the second.
The data on game fish is summarized and the most
important points discussed. Fish-eating birds,
especially the bitter, great blue heron and kingfishers
were important because of their relationship to the life
cycle of some of the trematodes encysted in the flesh of
fish. For the same reason, snails were also examined.
Included in the report is a chart on the distribution of
Important parasites of some of the fishes in the St.
Lawrence, Oswegatchie and Black River watersheds and a
description of parasites found in each major specie of
fish.
Hunter, R. P. - See: C. W. Greene, No. 221.
271. Hunter, W. A. 1909. Untitled. Ontario Game and
Fisheries Dept., 2nd Annual Report, 1908. p. 18.
The Game and Fishery warden of Belleville reports during
the last year fishing on the whole has Improved, espec-
ially commercial fishing at the Bay of Quinte. (Univ.
of Toronto, Dept. Zoology).
Hunter, W. A. - See: G. W. Hunter, No. 270.
Huntsman, A. G. - See: W. J. K. Harkness, No. 230.
-107-
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272. Huntsman, A. G. 1913. XX. Invertebrates other than
insects and mollusks. In: Paull, J. H. (Ed.).
The Natural History of the Toronto region, Ontario.
Canadian Institute, Toronto, Ontario, pp. 272-286.
Contains a relatively complete list of Invertebrates
found in the Toronto region. The groups included are
the Crustacea, Annelida, Bryozoa, Rotifers, Nematel-
minthes, Platyhelminthes, Coelenterata, Porlfera and
Protozoans. (Toronto Royal Ontario Museum).
273. Huntsman, A. G. 1915. The fresh-water malacostraca of
Ontario. Contributions to Canadian Biology Pas. II
Fresh Water Pish and Lake Biology. Sessional Paper
No. 39b. pp. 145-163.
This paper includes information on distribution and
identification of Malacostraca in Ontario. Several
references are made to specimens collected from Lake
Ontario.
271*. Huntsman, A. G. 1917. The lampreys of Eastern Canada.
Ottawa Nat. 31(2): 23-27.
The lampreys are of exceptional interest, owing to
their peculiar structure and life history, as well as
from the fact that they are the most primitive of
vertebrates. Comparatively little is known concerning
their distribution in our waters. Samples were not
obtained from the drainage area of Lake Ontario, how-
ever, the author feels that due to its occurrence in
the St. Lawrence River and its tributaries, it is
fairly certain that it will be found in the waters of
Lake Ontario. (Toronto Ontario Pish. Research Library,
Zoology Library).
275. Huntsman, A. G. 1930. Attack on the fishery problem.
Transactions American Pish. Society. 60: 172-177.
A brief article on the problem of how to have more fish
in any certain body of water. It contains a short note
about the absence of salt in the water of Lake Ontario
in relation to the type of fish present.
276. Huntsman, A. G. 1937. Pish culture—Past and future.
Transactions Anerican Pish. Society. 67: 87-93.
A brief note on the restoration of the Atlantic salmon
in streams flowing into Lake Ontario.
-108-
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277. Huntsman, A. G. 191*1*. Why did Ontario salmon disappear?
Transactions Royal Society Canada. 3rd Series,
Section 5. 38: 83-102.
The salmon of the streams tributary to Lake Ontario dis-
appeared during the latter part of the 19th century.
Included in the paper is a history of their decline, a
discussion of size, rate of growth, sexual maturity,
migrations, character of the better salmon streams,
season of stream assent and fluctuation in abundance,
and a list of the possible causes of their disappearance.
The causes given are as follows: overfishing, removal of
forests, more rapid drainage, clearing of the stream bed,
pollution of water, silting of spawning beds and preven-
tion of salmon assent.
278. Huntsman, A. G. and J. R. Dymond. 19^0. Pacific salmon
not established in Atlantic waters. Science. 91
(2367):
The great variety of salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus in
the streams of the Pacific coast has stimulated the
desire to establish them in the streams of the Atlantic
coast, beginning in 1872. Chinook salmon [G. t4>c.ha.wyt&c.ka.)
were stocked in the waters of New Brunswick and Ontario in
an attempt to establish them there. The plantings were
made in streams of Lake Ontario, the last in 1925, and
recent inquiry reveals that the species is now unknown in
these waters.
Hurlburt, W. E. - See: R. W. Sheppard, No. 511, 512.
279. Hurlburt, W. E. 1936. Blue and lesser snow geese near
Vineland, Ontario. The Auk. 53: 207-208.
Prom October 28 - October 30, 1935 there were observed
thousands of geese on Lake Ontario near Jordan. These
flocks contained Blue and Lesser Snow Geese. The geese
disappeared on October 30. Notes on the observations
and distributions locally are included.
280. Hutchinson, G. Evelyn. 1957. A treatise on limnology.
Volumn I. J. Wiley and Sons, New York City, N. Y.
176 p.
Contains a brief note on floating Islands which occurred
in Kingston Harbor on Lake Ontario in 1951.
-109-
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281, Hyde, Sidney A. 1939. The ecology and economics of the
birds along the Northern Boundary of New York State.
Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin. 7(2): 67-215.
A description of habitats and their birds including the
open waters of Lake Ontario, sheltered bays, beaches,
marshes and swamps along the northern boundary of New
York State is presented here. Notes on the birds dis-
tribution, economic relations, ecology and an annotated
list of birds on the area is included.
282. Ide, P. P. 1937. Descriptions of Eastern North American
species of Baetine mayflies with particular refer-
ence to the nymphal stages. Canadian Entomology.
69: 235-243.
This excerpt presents descriptions of three genera of
mayfly nymphs (Heterocloeon, Pseudoclaeon and Cloeon)
found at two locations in Canada, the Credit and Ottawa
Rivers. The physical character of the species are
described in detail; diagrams are included. (Toronto
Ontario Pish. Research Lab, Zoology Library).
283. Ide, P. P. 1954. The nymph of RhithfiOQtna.
(Ephemerlda) and two closely related species from
the same locality in Southern Ontario. Canadian
Entomology. 86(8): 348-356.
Presented in this paper is information on three species
of RhithfLO ge.no. from tributaries of Lake Ontario. Dls-
• cussed are taxonomy, habitat and distribution and
relationship between the species.
Inglis, Anthony - See: Croswell Henderson, No. 244.
284. International Joint Commission. 1951. Report of the
International Joint Commission United States and
Canada on the pollution of boundary waters.
Washington, D. C. 321 p.
The areas reported Include Western Lake Erie, the Niagara
River and a 10 mile radius of Lake Ontario centered at
the mouth of the Niagara River. Routine determinations
included conforms, biochemical oxygen demand, bacter-
iological examinations and plankton determinations. The
analytical procedures followed were those contained in
"Standard Methods for Water Analysis," 9th edition.
-110-
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285. International Joint Commission. 1967. Summary report
on pollution of the Niagara River. Washington,
D. C. U3 p.
The report gives an up-to-date summary on the present
pollution problems of the Niagara River. Although most
of the pollution problems have been eliminated as far
as the I.J.C. objectives are concerned, there are still
a few areas in the river in which the x^ater quality fails
to meet their objectives. Problems cited in the report
include high coliform counts, high concentrations of
phenol, oil concentrations and odor and discoloration of
the water.
286. International Joint Commission. 1969. Pollution of
Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the International
Section of the St. Lawrence River. Washington,
D. C. Volume 1. 150 p.
In Volume 1 the Boards have endeavored to summarize the
findings and to identify the critical problems of pollu-
tion and pollution control measures which are of
immediate concern to both countries, as well as those
long range problems which must be brought under continu-
ing review and study.
287. International Joint Commission. 1969. Pollution of
Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the International
Section of the St. Lawrence River. Volume 3«
Washington, D. C. 329 p.
The report has been prepared in three volumes. Volume
3 contains the scientific and engineering data and
findings which have been used to determine the sources
and levels of pollution in Lake Ontario, as well as
recommendations for the necessary remedial measures.
The report combines a historical review of aquatic
biological data with the results of more recent surveys
conducted by the PWPCA and OWRC.
288. International Joint Commission. 1970. Pollution of
Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the International
Section of the St. Lawrence River. Washington,
D. C. 174 p.
This report represents the culmination of work by the
I.J.C. on the inquiry into the extent, causes and loca-
tions of pollution in Lakes Erie and Ontario and the
International Section of the St. Lawrence River.
-Ill-
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Pollution and enrichment have changed the biological
communities of Lake Ontario. The cecedophora and
phytoplankton problems are mentioned. The changes in
the benthos and fish populations and factors contri-
buting to it are discussed. Accumulation of mercury,
DDT and organic chemical levels are of interest and
are discussed.
Bacterial contamination from the Niagara River and con-
trast between shore and off shore lake waters are
discussed. The effect of Increases in algae and
bacteria In relation to humans is mentioned along with
the effect oils, DDT, mercury and other pollutants have
on wildlife in Lake Ontario.
General and specific objectives for remedy of these
problems In relation to the biota of the lake are made.
Recommendations and conclusions are included.
289. International Joint Commission Lake Erie-Lake Ontario
Advisory Board, 1971. Summary Report on Pollution
Abatement. Progress in the Niagara River Area.
Washington, D. C. 6l p.
This paper Is a summary of the pollution abatement pro-
gress In the Niagara area that has occurred since 196?.
The objectives of the abatement concerning microbiology
was that the total conform count of local waters shall
not exceed 1000/100 ml and that fecal coliform shall not
exceed 200/100 ml. Waters to be used for recreation
should be free from bacteria, fungi and viruses that
may produce enteric disorders, or eye, ear, nose, throat
and skin Infections.
Data collected since 196? shows that the bacteriological
quality of the Niagara River Is approximately the same
as it was in 1967. This is expected as corrective
measures have not been completed. Studies show that the
U. S. waters within 1000 feet of shore in the upoer River
are ranging between 1000 and 5000/100 ml. The Canadian
shore was significantly lower. The lower Niagara River
has counts averaging 1000-3000/100 ml and there is very
little difference between Canadian and U. S, waters.
The bentak biology of the Niagara River was also con-
sidered. The community in the U. S. waters are primarily
pollution tollerant organisms and the Canadian waters
having primarily pollution sensitive organisms.
-112-
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290. Jackson, Daniel P. 1966. Photosynthetic rates of
CtoLdopkofia. fitiacta from two sites in Lake Ontario
under natural and laboratory conditions. Univ. of
Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division. Proceed-
ings 9th Conference Great Lakes Research. Pub. 15:
44-50.
Photosynthetic and respiration rates of Ctadophobia
4x.ac.ta. were measured under natural conditions in Lake
Ontario at Oswego, New York, and in Henderson Bay during
the months of June-July and September-October, 1965.
The average photosynthetic rate for the early summer
months for Lake Ontario at Oswego was 2.63 while that
of Henderson Bay was 2.35 ul 02/hr/mg ash-free dry wt.
The fall months average was 1.27 for Oswego and 0.50 ul
Op/hr/me; ash-free dry wt. for the Henderson Bay area.
Respiration rates were slightly higher in Henderson Bay,
both in the early summer and in the fall.
Ctadophona. samples to which specific quantities of the
radlo-nuclide P~p were added showed only a slight average
increase in photosynthetic activity in samples collected
in June and July from the Oswego site (0.17 ul 0?/hr/mg
ash-free dry wt.). Ctadopkotia samples collected in
September and October and treated with P~p had an average
increase of 1.04 ul 02/hr/mg ash-free dry wt.
291. Jackson, Daniel P. 1967. A study of the periphytic
organisms of the eastern end of Lake Ontario.
Proceedings 10th Conference Great Lakes Research.
PP. 31-36.
Pour different locations along the shoreline of the
eastern section of Lake Ontario in Mew York State were
selected to study the qualitative and quantitative com-
position of the attached and associated free living
forms of algae. The study period was between Flay 1 and
November 1, 1966. Analyses of the periphyton communities
were made from organisms harvested from plexiglass plates
suspended at eight different depths at each station.
The average biomass of a 3.6 m vertical water column in
eastern Lake Ontario, from 1,920 determinations, yielded
78.3 mg ash-free dry wt./sq. dm. The average maximum
quantity of biomass measured at all stations occurred in
June. Zoospores and germlings of Ctadopkotia. were abun-
dant on all slides collected in the plexiglass plates
consisted of 35 genera.
-113-
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292. Jackson, Daniel F. 196?. Lake Ontario and the St.
Lawrence River - What are their fates? Presented
to the Cape Vincent Chamber of Commerce and the
Cape Vincent Village Board. (Mimeo) Unnumbered.
A discussion of the algae problem in Lake Ontario and
the changes in the commercial fishing in Lake Ontario
from 1952 to 1962. The paper is geared tov/ard the
recreational aspects of Lake Ontario. (Rochester-EPA).
293- Jackson, Daniel P., Nelson L. Nemerow and Myrton C. Rand,
1964. Ecological investigations of the Oswego
River drainage basin. I. The Outlet. Univ. of
Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division. Proceed-
ings 7th Conference Great Lakes Research. Pub. 11:
88-99.
The Oswego River drainage, 5121 square miles, is the
largest drainage area of the eastern part of Lake
Ontario. In order to ascertain its effect on the lake,
a series of sampling stations has been established at
10 different sties along contributing streams. This
report represents the results obtained at Station 1,
the outlet of the Oswego River into Lake Ontario, from
January 10 through March 6, 1964. Weekly average values
for phosphates were 3.31 mg/1, total KJeldahl nitrogen,
2.06 mg/1; alkylbenzenesulphonate, 0.16 mg/1. The
average weekly pH value was 1.2 while the water tempera-
ture averaged 3°C, with a flow of 7.257 cfs. The
average coliform count was 14,178 per 100 ml, the
average weekly total phytoplankton value was 1,190
organisms per ml, while the zooplankton population,
which consisted almost entirely of rotifers, averaged
4.4 per liter. The perlphyton community consisted of
55 species representing 28 genera. The weekly average
number of algal species growing on bricks in the river
was 25. These had a volatile weight of 4.2 mg/1 and
consisted of 913/cm . The pollution load of the Oswego
River was evaluated from Information obtained through
this study.
James, M. C. - See: Glen C. Leach, No. 327.
294. Jennings, H. S. 1^99. Rotatoria of the United States,
with especial reference to those of the Great Lakes.
Bulletin of the U. S. Pish Commission. 19: 67-104.
Notes observation in the Niagara River by Kellicott of
rio&c.u.la.*.i
-------
Jermolajev, E. G. - See: Daniel J. Faber, Mo. 158.
295. Johnson, B. G. H. 1968. Biological data on see lampreys
in the Humber River, Lake Ontario, 1968: In: Great
Lakes Fishery Commission Report of Annual Meeting,
(Unpublished). Appendix 3: 10-11.
During the period of April to September 1968, approxi-
mately 1,200 spawning-phase sea lampreys were caught
in the Humber River, a tributary of Lake Ontario. The
most successful fishing period was in mid-May, and the
run was over, for practical purposes, by the end of
July. Sea lampreys captured to the end of July v/ere
sexually mature and most were judged ready to spawn.
Included is a chart containing the sex-ratios, lengths
and weights of male and female sea lamprey collected
from the Humber River.
296. Johnson, B. G. H. 1969. Some statistics of the popu-
lations of parasitic ohase sea lampreys in
Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Proceedings
12th Conference Great Lakes Research, pp. 45-52.
Parasitic-phase sea lampreys, taken in commercial fishing
gear, were collected from Great Lakes fishermen with
records of the place, data and manner of capture. The
catch of sea lampreys per unit of effort was lower in
the North Channel then in Lake Huron proper or
Georgian Bay, both in 1967 and in 1968, on early indi-
cations of the success of sea lamprey control measures
recently undertaken in the North Channel. The propor-
tions of male to female sea lampreys taken in the
commercial fishery declined markedly in the fall in all
areas sampled. Segregation of the sexes could bias
those estimates of sea lamprey abundance that are based
on evidence of their numbers in the commercial fishery.
Rate of growth in length is nearly linear during the
fishing season, but a consistent size difference exists
between the sea lamprey attached to certain different
host fishes.
297. Johnson, B. G. H. and R. B. Perkins. 1968. Biological
data on sea lampreys collected by commercial fish-
ermen from Great Lakes waters - 1968. In: Great
Lakes Fishery Commission Report of Annual Meetings,
(Unpublished). Appendix 4: 12-16.
-115-
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During 1968, commercial fishermen in the Great Lakes area
submitted 1,962 sea lampreys with related catch data, in
response to the reward offered by this station. Laboratory
examination for length, weight, sex, maturity and stomach
content has been completed for 1,127 specimens, 695 from
the Lake Huron main basin, 8l from North Channel, 211 from
Georgian Bay, 137 from Lake Ontario and 3 from Lake
Superior.
Included are charts on lengths, sex ratios and lake where
lamprey was caught. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
298. Johnson, M. G. and D. H. Matheson. 1968. Macroinverte-
brate communities of the sediments of Hamilton Bay
and adjacent Lake Ontario. Limnology and Oceano-
graphy. 13(1): 99-111.
The distribution and abundance of benthic macroinverte-
brates in Hamilton Bay and adjacent Lake Ontario were
related to physical and chemical characteristics of the
water and sediments and to hydrodynamic factors. The
profundal sediments of Hamilton Bay, rich in organic
matter, contained an abundance of Ltmno
-------
This paper presents a list of benthic macroinvertebrate
species by Lake. A total of 85 accounts published between
1872 and 1968 were examined in the preparation of this
list. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
300. Johnson, M. G. and G. E. Owen. 1970. The role of
nutrients and their budgets in the Bay of Quinte,
Lake Ontario. Ontario Water Resources Commission,
Toronto, Ontario. 24 p.
The Bay of Quinte shows symptoms of cultural eutro-
phication which are markedly similar to those of
Lake Erie. Algal blooms are severe and prolonged,
and macroinvertebrate and fish communities are com-
posed of pollution-tolerant species. The effects of
excess nutrients on algae, some invertebrates and
fish is discussed.
301. Johnson, M. G. and G. E. Owen. 1971. Nutrients and
nutrient budgets in the Bay of Quinte, Lake
Ontario. Journal Water Pollution Control Fed-
eration. 43(5): 836-853.
Among the symptoms of so-called cultural eutrophication,
which sums the variety of human activities contributing
to excessive enrichment of lake waters, are nuisance
blooms of algae, increased turbidity, depletion of deep-
water oxygen and changes in the composition of communities
of algae, invertebrates and fish. These symptoms are
increasingly obvious in the Bay of Quinte of Lake Ontario,
which is unfortunate because this bay is one of the finest
natural features of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the severity of
these symptoms, to associate these with the increased
human activity on the Bay of Quinte which has led to
Increased input of nutrients, to clarify the respective
significance of contributions from tributary rivers and
from municipal-industrial sources.
Johnson, Raymond E. - See: Carl L. Hubbs, No. 267.
Johnson, Wendell L. - See: Croswell Henderson, No.
302. Jordan, David S. 1884. The lesser white-fishes. In:
Goode, George Brown (ed.). The Fishery Industries
of the United States. U. S. Commission Fish and
Fisheries. Section III, Part Q(l69): 541-543.
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The article discusses the least important white-fishes.
The Cisco is mentioned as being the smallest white-fish,
rarely welshing over half a pound and being found in
Lakes Michigan, Erie and Ontario.
303. Jordan, David S. and B. W. Everman. 1909. A review of
the salraonoid fishes of the Great Lakes, with notes
on the whitefishes of other regimes. Bulletin U.S.
Bureau Fish. 29: 55.
In the investigations of the fisheries of the Great
Lakes region conducted in 1908 and 1909 by the Inter-
national Fisheries Commission, the writers had an
opportunity to examine great numbers of specimens of the
food fishes and especially of the Coregonlnae, known as
whitefish and lake herrings. It has been clearly shown
that the fauna of each of the Great Lakes exhibits
pecularities of its own, and especially that each lake
has one or more species of the group called lake herrings
or ciscoes peculiar to itself. In this paper, the species
of these and other groups of freshwater Salmonidae are
treated and figured somewhat fully. The following species
are described as new: Le.u.c.£c,kthy& 4upe*n manitoutinu* ,
onta.fL-ie.n6it> and Le.u.c.u.Qlopt4,*
Girard, the freshwater representative of a marine genus
Oncocottu.6. A complete description is given followed by
comparison of T/Ug-Copi-U on-taJucna-u (Lake Ontario off
Toronto) with T. Atimp&oni (Lake Michigan off Chicago)
and T. thompAoni (Lake Ontario off Oswego).
thomptoni and Cottu.& /Uce-t (a little known
deep water sculpin) were both found upon examination of
stomachs of predatory ling (Lota. macu^oaa) off Oswego.
305. Judd, W. W. 1948. A study of the population of Insects
emerging as adults from the Dundas Marsh, Hamilton,
Ontario, during 1948. American Midland Naturalist.
49(3): 801-824.
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The first recorded studies of insects ^from the Dundas
Marsh concern the phalaenoid moths, A^t/ama ob&i.qu.a.t&
and A. eU^a-ia, whose larvae drill in the leaves of
aquatic plants. Moffat (1888, l888a) reported collecting
A. obtlqacLta from reeds and stumps in the vicinity of the
marsh and Johnson (1889) recorded the occurrence of both
of these species in his collections. Moffat (1889) also
reported collecting A. obtiquata and Nona.gtiJ.a jjorf-tani
from a cat-tail, Typha Ap. In 1946, a few species of
insects were collected about the marsh and in 1947 a
project was undertaken to determine the times of first
and last emergence and the period of maximum emergence
of various species which emerge as adults from the water.
These studies are discussed by Judd (1947, 19*19, 1949a,
1950a). In 1948, a study was made of pysulation of
insects emerging from the marsh from March to November,
the present paper being a report on this project.
Between March 16 and November 20, 1948, 15,338 adult
insects emerging from the waters of the Dundas Marsh were
trapped in 5 cages, representing an average emergence of
409 Insects per square foot during the period. The orders
represented were Ephemergstera (9.9/0* Odonato (1.5$),
Trichoptera (0.5*), Lepidoptera (0.935), Diptera (87.1 JO
and Hymenoptera (O.ljO. Midges of the family Tendipedilae
(Chirmomidae) constituted 92.5/5 of the Diptera.
306. Judd, W. W. 1950. Plants collected in the Dundas Marsh.
Hamilton, Ontario., 1946. Canadian Field Naturalist,
127-130.
Contains a list of plants collected in the Dundas Marsh,
Hamilton in the summer of 1946 in the course of an
ecological survey of the region. The list encompasses
the Hepaticae, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta represented
by 39 families from the Typhaceae through the Compositae.
Jurkovlc, Arnold - See: Allan Bruce, No. 79.
Jurkovic, Arnold - See: A. S. Menon, No. 364.
07. Kellicott, D. S. 1878. Notes on microscopic life in
Buffalo water supply, American Journal Microscopy
and Popular Science. 3: 250-252.
This paper includes notes on early microscopic observa-
tion of microorganisms from the Buffalo water supply
which at the time was unflltered Niagara River water.
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It was noted that in the spring and fall that large
populations of the diatom Me£o4
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311. Kennedy, W. A. 1956, Current fisheries research by
Canadians on the Great Lakes. Transactions
American Pish. Society. 86: 419-423.
The various activities are reviewed and they fall into
two categories: 1. a contribution towards eliminating
sea lamprey from the Great Lakes, and 2. some general
fishery research.
With reference to Lake Ontario, an experiment to determine
the effectiveness of planting whitefish fry as a manage-
ment technique is almost completed. The data so far
collected tend to show that plantings do not influence
year-class strength appreciably.
The group on Lake Ontario is also cooperating with New
York State investigators in an experiment to determine
whether the planting of lake trout fingerlings is likely
to be an effective way to rehabilitate the trout popu-
lations of the lake. The experiment is incomplete but
examination of small lake trout indicates that the
planted fish are contributing significantly to the on-
coming year classes.
312. Kennedy, W. A. 1957. Current fisheries research by
Canadians on the Great Lakes. Studies from the
Stations of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada. FRB No. 495.
The activities described in this report include: A
contribution towards eliminating sea lamprey from the
Great Lakes; and some general fishery research.
Research on Lake Ontario include a whitefish management
program and a lake trout rehabilitation program.
(Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
313* Kerr, John W. 1874. Notes relative to the whitefish.
Report U. S. Fish Commission, Fresh Water Fisheries
of U. S. (1872-73). Washington, D. C. pp. 81.
Presented in this short note is a comparison of whitefish
between Lakes Erie and Ontario concerning taste and
dimensions of the fish.
31*1. Kiel, Peter. 1874. The white-fish of the Great Lakes.
2. Lakes Erie and Ontario. U. S. Commission Fish
and Fisheries, Report for 1872-1873. Part 2: 81-84.
Contains notes on the habits and varieties of some
specimens of whitefish taken in Lake Ontario.
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315. Kindle, E. M. 1925. The bottom deposits of Lake Ontario.
Transactions Royal Society Canada, 3rd Series. 19
47-102.
Included in this paper is a discussion of the organic
features of the bottom deposits in Lake Ontario. The
plant zones begin with the cat-tails which give way to
the bullrushes (depth 4-51), then to the pond weeds
(depth6-15') and finally to the diatom and algal flora
(depth up to 150') of which Ctadopkona is quite common.
At depths below 200' there doesn't seem to be any plant
life.
The discussion of plant zones is followed by a discussion
of faunal zones. The extent to which the distribution of
different groups or invertebrates depends upon depth of
water is shown in a table. As can be seen from the
table, the invertebrates range from approximately 1 to
with the greatest abundance in the shallower zones.
316. Kingsbury, John. 1968. Review of the algal literature
for New York State. In: D. P. Jackson (ed.). -
Algae, Man and the Environment. Syracuse Univ.
Press, Syracuse, N. Y. pp. 525-5^1.
New York State is unique among states in its aquatic
resources. It is the only state having an open shore-
line on both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.
With Michigan alone, it borders on more than one Great
Lake. The central part of the state is dominated by
the Finger Lakes, of unusual depth, and Oneida Lake, of
nearly opposite characteristics. Payetteville Green
Lake presents a textbook example of chemical stratifica-
tion. Pristine mountain lakes of the Adirondacks in the
east contrast with eutrophic Chautauqua Lake at the
western end of the state. Cayuga Lake grows Cta.dophon.&
balls that are as large as any reported in the world.
Limnoligical investigations of the waters of New York
State have been comprehensively reviewed. This essay,
therefore, emphasizes investigations relating particu-
larly to algae. Included in the essay is water supply
investigations from 1860-1905 and New York State
biological survey which occurred in 1927-19*10.
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317. Kinney, W. L. 1971. The macrobenthos of Lake Ontario.
Abstract of paper presented at the l^th Conference
Great Lakes Research, Toronto, Ontario, April 19-
21, 1971. pp. 111-112.
The distribution and abundance of the macrobenthos of
Lake Ontario and selected adjacent bays, harbors, river
mouths and inshore sites were investigated during the
past four years in an effort to relate macrolnvertebrate
benthic ecology to water quality.
Lake Ontario bottom faunal data Indicate that organic
pollution influences the composition of the macrobenthic
communities in nearshore environments.
318. Kleerekoper, H., Grace Taylor and R. Wilton. 1961.
Diurnal periodicity in the activity of Te.tfionu.yzon
mafL4.nu.rn and the effects of chemical stimulation.
Transactions American Pish. Society. 90(1): 73-78.
Specimens of the parasitic stage of Pe.tnomyzon
vrere obtained from Lake Ontario and Lake Huron. Larval
forms were captured in the general region of Hammond
Bay, Lake Michigan.
Both the transforming ammocoete and parasitic lamprey
display an endogenous cyclic activity rhythm. The
rhythm is gradually lost in constant conditions of dim
light but is re-established by exposing the animal to
one to two artificial diurnal light cycles. Rhythm in
the parasite can also be re-established by exposing the
animal during a single short period to chemical sensory
stimulation produced by the scent of fish. Diurnal
rhythm so established was maintained during a period of
5 days at the end of which observations ceased. Sensory
stimulation can function as a "setting" mechanism of the
physiological clock. In this instance, the setting
mechanism is not related to the metabolism of the animal
but must have its seat in the central nervous system.
319. Koel2, Walter. 192*1. Two new species of Cisco from the
Great Lakes. Univ. Michigan, Museum Zoology.
Occasional Papaer. 146: 1-8.
The paper describes two new species of Ciscoe, including
physical characteristics and distribution.
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320. Koelz, Walter. 1926. Pishing Industry of the Great
Lakes. Dept. of Commerce, U. S, Bureau Fisheries
Document No. 1001. pp. 601-609.
This report gives a general description of the physical
characteristics of the lake, as well as a history,
present status methods and apparatus of the fishing
industry of the lake. Principal species of the commercial
fisheries, other indigenous species and introduced species
are listed along with their distribution and the method of
capture. The fishing regulations for commercial fisher-
men and sport fishermen are also included. (Univ. of
Toronto, Zoology Dept.).
321. Koelz, Walter. 1927. The necessity for scientific
investigation of the commercial aid game fish of
the province of Ontario. Paper presented at the
Divisional Conference for Biological Inquiries,
Washington, D. C. (January 4-7, 1927). 11 p.
The address contains a general description of the
commercial and game fisheries and their values of the
years 192*1-1926. A comparison is given of the size
in pounds of the total annual commercial yield of the
fisheries of the 5 great Lakes. The authors cites
the severe depletion of the herring fishery in Lake
Erie and warns of the continued depletion of choice
commercial and the less desirable fishes. Although
there are nine governments administering some form of
legislation, none of this is coordinated, therefore,
little is accomplished in remedying the plight of the
commercial fisheries.
The author cites the problem at hand: to maintain a
supply of the commercially utilized fish and increase
methods which help eliminate serious competitors of
the commercial and game fishes.
Kossiakina, E. 0. - See: Daniel J. Paber, No. 158.
322. Kumlien, Ludwig. 1887. The fisheries of the Great
Lakes. Fisheries and fishery industries of the
U. S., Section 5. 1: 755-769.
Presented here is a discussion of the fish catching
apparatus used in the Great Lakes around 1887. The
pound net industry was the most important in the Lakes
but the Lake Ontario pound net fisheries was considered
minor with only a few stations near Sackett's Harbor
-------
and Cape Vincent. The apparatus and methods of fishery
are discussed. The gill net fishery is the second most
Important but Lake Ontario is still of less Importance
than the rest of the lakes. Grounds of limited extent
exist in the vicinity of Paultneyville, Pair Haven,
Oak Orchard, Wilson, Braddocks Bay, Charlotte and Collse
Landing. The fishermen, apparatus and methods of fishery
are included. The seine fishery is also presented with a
discussion of the methods and apparatus of its use. It
is mentioned that seining is quite important around Port
Ontario in Lake Ontario. Some minor fishery methods
such as nets and spawning are mentioned,
Lachner, Ernest A. - See: Edward C. Raney, No. 481.
Lagler, Karl P. - See: Carl L. Hubbs, No. 263, 264, 265.
323. Lapworth, E. D. 1956. The effect of fry plantings on
whitefish production in Eastern Lake Ontario.
Journal Fisheries Research Board Canada. 13(4):
547-558.
Whitefish fry were planted in the Bay of Quinte and
adjacent waters in numbers varying from 208 millions
in 1927 to none in 1945. Since 50? of the commercial
whitefish catch from these waters consisted of five-
year-old fish, whitefish production in each of the
years from 1929 to 1951 was compared to the number of
fry planted 5 years previously (1924-1946). No
correlation could be found between the number of fry
planted and the production of whitefish 5 years later.
The largest number of fry planted (208 million in 1927)
was followed by the lowest production of the entire
period (95 thousand pounds in 1932). On the other hand,
following no planting in 1945, production in 1950 vras
approximately normal (162 thousand pounds).
The age composition of the commercial catch in the years
1944-1951 was determined from scale samples. By apply-
ing the age composition to the total catches in these
years, the contributions of the year-classes 1940-1945
have been estimated. The number of fry planted probably
did not affect the contribution of these year-classes to
the fishery.
324. LaRocque, Aurele. 1953- Catalogue of the recent
molluska of Canada. National Museum of Canada
Bulletin No. 129. 406 p.
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The purpose of the catalogue is to give a list of the
Mollusca found in Canada or in the seas off its coast,
together with the following information on each species:
(1) a reference to the original description, (2) other
references in which further data on the species may be
found, (3) its type locality, (*) its exact range, so
far as known. Listed are the mollusks found in Lake
Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
325. Lawrence, W. Mason. 1955. The Great Lakes fisheries.
New York State Conservationist. 9(3): 12-13.
The paper discusses the events which lead up to the
formation of a Great Lakes Fishery treaty signed by
the United States and Canada. The treaty provides
for Joint action by the U. S. and Canada in fishery
research and in control of the sea lamprey in the
Great Lakes. To carry out this work both governments
agree to establish a Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
It is hopen that research will point the way to greater
sustained production of lake trout, blue pike and perch,
which would obviously be of benefit to both sport and
commercial fishermen.
326. Lawrie, A. H. 1970. The sea lamprey in the Great Lakes.
Transactions American Fish. Society. 99: 766-775-
This paper pertains basically to the problems that the
establishment of the sea lamprey has had on Lake Erie
and upper Great Lakes, its controls measures and
effectiveness of control. Mention is made of Lake Ontario
as being the source of the original sea lampreys to the
upper Great Lakes via the Welland Canal.
327. Leach, Glen C., M. C. James and E. J. Douglass. 19*1.
Propagation and distribution of food fishes,
fiscal year 19*0. U. S. Dept. Interior, Bureau
Fish., Report Commissioner Fish, for 19*0.
Appendix *: 555-603.
In the section on Great Lakes species, reference to
Lake Ontario was made as follows: A total of 6,335,000
whitefish eggs were received from local fishermen and
the resultant fry were planted in Lake Ontario. The
lake-herring eggs secured from commercial fishermen
were few and of poor quality, but such as were obtained
were released in Lake Ontario.
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328. Leach, John P. 1962. Summer food and feeding of the
white perch, Roccu* ame^cawu^ (Gemlin) In the
Bay of Quinte. Univ. Toronto, Dept. Zoology.
Masters thesis. 58 p.
Since the white perch has Invaded Lake Ontario and sub-
sequently the Bay of Quinte, the numbers of the species
have rapidly increased creating several problems
including the effect that this species might have on
existing fauna of the Bay. It is possible, that white
perch may prey on or compete for food with other of the
Bay species. It is evident that basic Information on
the life history and ecology of this species in these
waters would facilitate an understanding of this pro-
blem. Consequently, a preliminary study of the summer
food and feeding of the white perch in the Bay of
Quinte. (Toronto Ontario Pish. Research Library,
2 oology Library).
329. Letson, Elizabeth. 1905, Checklist of the molluska of
New York. New York State Museum Bulletin 88: 1-112
A list of species of mollusks in New York State with
reference to distribution within the state.
330. Letson, Elizabeth. 1909. A partial list of the shells
found in Erie and Niagara Counties and the Niagara
Frontier. Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural
Sciences. 9(2): 239-245.
Contained in the paper is a list of shells encompassing
approximately 152 species found in Erie and Niagara
counties, and the Niagara Frontier. Of those 152
species, 4l were reported from the Niagara River and 1
was mentioned from Lake Ontario.
331. Lewis, C. E. 1886. St^ans in the Niagara River. Forest
and Stream. 26: 167.
Contains a brief note on the occurrence of ten swans
swimming in the Niagara River below the Falls and the
capture of one of the birds.
332. Lewis, C. P. M. and R. N. McNeely. 1967. Survey of
Lake Ontario bottom deposits. Proceedings 10th
Conference Great Lakes Research, pp. 133-1^2.
-127-
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Short gravity cores and grab samples, recovered during
a continuing reconnaissance survey initiated in 1966,
were used to study the distribution, stratigraph and
chronology of Lake Ontario bottom deposits. Three major
groups of surficial deposits were recognized: complex
near shore sediments; glaciolacustrlne clays; post-
glacial muds. Organic contents of 2 to 6/5 and median
particle diameters of 1 to 4 microns are typical of the
offshore surficial muds. Pollen in these sediments
facilitates correlation and subdivision and indicated
that the present sedimentation rate in the main basin
is approximately 10 cm per century. Several sediment
sequences confirm the post-glacial low-level Admirality
Lake stage and suggest it may have reached lower levels
than previously believed.
333- Loftus, K. H. 1950. The sea lamprey in Ontario.
Sylva. 6(3): 25-35.
Contains a general description and natural history of
the sea lamprey and a discussion of its spread from
Lake Ontario where a landlocked form was known to occur
to its invasion of the upper Great Lakes. Possible
methods of control and their disadvantages are also
discussed. (Univ. Toronto Main Library).
33^. Loftus, K. H. 1959. Ontario-New York Conference.
Minutes of Meeting, April 9-10, 1959, Watertown,
New York. 9 p. (Unpublished).
The various sections, all of which are very brief, of
the conference which mention Lake Ontario are as follows:
6-lake trout studies; 10-whitefish; 11-American eel;
12-general status of commercial fishery; 13-yellow pick-
erel; l4-smallmouth bass; 15-salmon; 18-prospectus for
Lake Ontario research; and 19-relationship of committee
to commission. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
335. Ludwig, James Plnson. 1965. Biology and structure of
the Caspian tern (HydA.opn.ognz c.a.&pj.a) population
of the G-eat Lakes from 1896-1964. Bird Banding.
36(4): 217-233.
This paper deals primarily with an analysis of 370
recoveries of CAsplans banded as chicks in the Great
Lakes' colonies. Data gathered between 1959 and 1964
on population, size, nesting, food habits and endo-
parasites are also presented. Data on population and
nesting was gathered by counting nests, dead chicks,
etc, or by standard census procedures. Maps show
-128-
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recovery on the Niagara River and Lake Ontario for only
Juvenile Caspian terns age 0-6 months. (Toronto-Royal
Ontario Museum).
336. Ludwig, James Pinson. 1966. Herring and ring-billed
gull populations of the Great Lakes, 1960-1965.
Univ. of Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division.
Proceedings 9th Conference Great Lakes Research.
Pub. 15: 80-89.
The gull populations of the Great Lakes have increased
enormously in the last decade. During this 6-year study,
herring gulls (LO.HO.& CLn.gnnta.tu4) increased from 24,000
to 1*3,000 breeding pairs in Lakes Huron and Michigan,
and ringbilled gulls (La/iuA de.tawa.>i.e.n&
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environmental factors such as storms, pesticides and
botulisn are discussed. Lake Ontario has large popu-
lations of gulls with about 400,000 ring-bill gulls
nesting there each year.
338. MacKay, H. H. 1925. An estimate of the efficiency of
a three inch frill net as compared with a two and
one-half inch gill net in herring fishing in Lake
Ontario. Univ. of Toronto, Dept. Zoology. 7 p.
(Unpublished).
This report embodies the results of an investigation
carried out under the direction of the Department of
Game and Fisheries in an effort to determine the
efficiency of a three inch gill net in herring fishing,
in Lake Ontario. The comparison was made chiefly on
the basis of weight, the minimal weight of herring con-
sidered as legal, being eight ounces.
The percentage number of herring above legal weight was
much higher in the case of the three inch nets, disre-
garding the occurrence of L. hoiji. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
339. MacKay, H. H. 1930. Pollution problems in Ontario.
Transactions American Pish. Society. 60: 297-305.
Although the waters of Ontario are not subjected to the
same degree of pollution as those of the more industri-
alized industrialization of the cities and towns of
Ontario, the problem of disposal of trade waste is one
which calls for more than an ordinary amount of vigilance
If we are to preserve fish, and the life on which fish
depend, from its destructive effects.
The paper deals with the intensive studies done by the
Pish Culture Branch of the Ontario Department of Game
and Fisheries of suspected pollution situations in the
waterways of Ontario. In the studies standardized
field methods were used In order to leave the way open
for legitimate comparisons. The preliminary studies
have been carried out in the following centres of
suspected pollution: Sarnia, Chatham, Bridgeport,
Burlington Bay, Bridgeburg, Lindsay, Peterborough,
Bauch, Midland, Huntsvllle, Sturgeon Falls, Temlskanlng,
Haileybury, Timmlns, Iroquols Falls, Smooth Rock Falls,
Kapuskaing, Sault Ste. Marie and Kenna.
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340. MacKay, H. H. 1934. Record of the alewife from Lake
Huron. Copeia. No. 2: 97.
Contains a brief note on the occurrence of Pomotobu.*
pAeudo-fiaiewgua (Wilson) from Lake Huron with reference
to the abundance of this species in Lake Ontario.
341. MacKay, H. H. 1956. The spring salmon (with notes on
two other species, the chum salmon and the pink
salmon). Sylva. 12(6): 25-33.
The article discusses the various aspects of the spring
salmon including distribution, habitat, habits and game
qualities. The distribution, habits and economic value
of the chum and pink salmon are also discussed.
Included are notes on the occurrence of the spring salmon
in Lake Ontario. Also plantings of the spring salmon
from the Newcastle Hatchery, Ontario into Lake Ontario and
some of its tributaries for the years 1875-1882 and 1919-
1925 are presented in tabular form. (Univ. of Toronto,
Main Library).
342. MacKay, H. H. 1963. Pishes of Ontario. Ontario Dept.
of Lands and Forests. Toronto, Ontario. 300 p.
Each area of the earth's surface has its own collection
of animals, including its fishes. When the fish life of
one geographical area differs from that of another, an
account of the fishes of the area and of the conditions
required for their success is necessary before management
principles can be successfully applied. The purpose of
this publication is to present such information for the
Province of Ontario.
The main body of this book consists of detailed descrip-
tions of most of the important and common kinds of fishes
found in the Province, including those of special interest
to sportsmen because of their gameness, as well as those
of considerable commercial value. (Ontario Dept. Lands
and Forests Maple).
MacGillwary, E. - See: H. H, MacKay, No. 343.
343. MacKay, H. H. and Earl MacGillwary. 1946. Recent
investigations on the sea lamprey (Pe-ttomt/zon
maun4,u&) in Ontario. Transactions American Fish.
Society, 76: 148-159.
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A brief history of the movement of the sea lamprey from
Lake Ontario to the remaining Great Lakes is presented.
Information is presented obtained from questionnaires
to Lake Huron about observations on sea lamprey on
commercial fish catches. Experimental fishing procedures
for lamprey and results are presented along with some
recommendations on control methods and further investi-
gations. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
344. MacKay, H. H. and W. H. R. Werner. 1964. Some observa-
tions on the culture of maskinonge. Transactions
American Pish. Society. 64: 313-317.
When the value of the Maskinonge as a game fish was
realized in Ontario, its capture by commercial means
was prohibited, closed seasons were enacted and artifi-
cial culture and propogation was commenced. At the
Belleville and Glenora fish hatcheries, observations
were noted on hatching breeding habits, growth water
requirements and methods of handling the young
Maskinonge.
345. McAndrews, John H. Undated. Pollen analyses of the
sediments of Lake Ontario. For publication by the
24th International Geological Congress, submitted
October 15, 1971. Unnumbered.
Analyses were made on 91 surface sediment samples and
values were derived of both percentages and concentra-
tions (grains per gram dry sediment) of 61 taxa.
Concentration was highest, over 80,000, in the deep-
water clays but was less than 40,000 in shallow, near-
shore silts and sands. Pollen of ragweed and tree
pollen, especially Pine and Oak, dominate the relatively
uniform assemblage, however, significant percentage
variations reflect nearness to upland source regions,
river discharges and recycling of sediment.
Two deep-water (over 180 m) cores at stations 80 km
apart penetrate 5 to 7 m of pestglacial sediment and
9 to 11 m of late-glacial sediment. Ei^ht pollen
assemblage zones are present and correlate itfith radio-
carbon and varve datd pollen assemblages from sediment
of nearby small lakes. The pollen concentration of the
seven postglacial zones Is 35 times greater than the
late-glacial spruce zone reflecting both greater pollen
influx and the lesser rate of matrix accumulation. The
ragweed zone begins at a depth 15 to 20 cm. from the
surface and represents forest clearance around the lake
beginning in the early 19th century.
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346. McCombie, All~n M. 1967a. A recent study of the phyto-
planktcn of the Bay of Quinte, 1964. Proceedings
10th Conference Great Lakes Research, pp. 37-62.
This study was undertaken to assess the quality and
quantity of phytoplankton in different parts of the Bay
of Quinte and compare present conditions at the mouth of
that bay with those found there by Allen Tucker in 19*15.
Samples were collected from the inner, middle and outer
bay and from the mouth of the Trent Canal, its main
tributary. Phytoplankton concentrations in the inner
bay were about 10 times those in the middle bay and
about 100 times those at the mouth. Concentrations in
the inner bay were about 10 times those in the middle
bay and about 100 times those at the mouth. Concentra-
tions in the Treant Canal were similar to those at the
Bay mouth. Supersaturation of surface waters with
dissolved oxygen and low Secchi disc readings in the
inner and middle bay reflected the bloom concentrations
of algae. In contrast, dissolved oxygen concentrations
of 3 ppm or less were found at the bottom of the inner
and middle bay at times in 1963 and 1964. Diatoms and
bluegreen algae dominated the counts in all 3 years while
greens and other classes amounted to less than 10/6.
There was no definite evidence of an increase in the
phytoplankton concentrations at the bay since 1945.
However, the diatoms Tabellaria and Praglllaria comprised
a smaller fraction of the plankton there in 1963 and 1964
than in 1945, while blooms of the bluegreen Aphanezomenon
began a month earlier in the latter years. Relations
between the morphometric and edaphic conditions and the
phytoplankton concentrations are discussed and possible
effects of artificial enrichment considered. Some effects
of currents on the phytoplankton distribution are also
noted.
347. McCombie, Allen M. 1967b. Some physical and chemical
characteristics of the Bay of Quinte. Canada Dept.
Lands and Forests. Research Report No. 79. 56 p.
In recent years, there has been growing a concern amongst
commercial fishermen, anglers and biologists that some
parts of the Bay of Quinte may have become eutrophic to
the point where the fish populations are endangered.
Accordingly, the Research Branch of the Ontario Department
of Lands and Forests undertook to study certain aspects of
the bay during the summers of 1963 and 1964 in order to
compare present conditions with those reported by Tucker
(1949) and Pal (1958). As part of this study, two
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synoptic surveys were carried out on June 23 and August
25, 1964 „ in cooperation with the Division of Laboratories
of the Ontario Water Resources Commission to determine the
coliform counts, total alkalinities, water temperature,
specific conductivities and the concentrations of total
phosphorous, dissolved phsophorous, KJeldahl nitrogen,
ammonia nitrogen, iron, chlorides and phenols in different
parts of the bay. This report deals primarily with the
results of the synoptic surveys with occasional references
to the results of the phytoplankton sampling. In addition
to the comparison between present and past conditions in
the Bay of Quinte the present conditions in that body are
compared with these reported at various times for other
parts of the Great Lakes and neighbouring waters.
McCrimmon, Hugh R. 1948. The reintroduction of Atlantic
salmon into tributary streams of Lake Ontario. Trans-
actions Americah Pish. Society. 78: 128-132.
Experimental plantings of Atlantic salmon (Satmo
fry were made in Duff in Creek, Ontario County, each year
from 1944 to 1948. Prom 1945 to 1947 a large part of
the creek was planted uniformly at a density of one fry
per yard, regardless of local stream conditions. Each
of these uniform plantings was followed by a study of the
survival and distribution of the salmon during life in
the creek. Populations were estimated by the use of a
one-man hand seine. Each of the three uniform plantings
resulted in the same pattern of survival over the stream
system and showed the comparative suitability of various
stream types for rearing salmon. Unsedimented gravelly
riffles were found to be necessary for a high survival
of newly planted fry. Subsequent survival to the smolt
stage in areas not characterized by lethal summer tem-
peratures was largely dependent on suitable habitats to
accommodate the fish as they become larger. Capture of
smolts during the spring of 1948 showed that at least
2% of the fry planted in 1946 reached Lake Ontario in
19*18. From the study of the survival of salmon, it must
be concluded that a number of sections of Duff in Creek
are suitable for the rearing of salmon to the smolt
stage. The fate of the salmon reaching Lake Ontario has
yet to be determined. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
349. McCrimmon, Hugh R. 1950. The reintroduction of Atlantic
salmon into tributary streams of Lake Ontario.
Transactions Americah Pish. Society. 78: 128-132.
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Experimental plantings of Atlantic salmon (Sa£mo
fry were made in Duffin Creek, Ontario County, each year
from 1944 to 1948. Prom 1945 to 1947 a large part of
the creek was planted uniformly at a density of one fry
per yard, regardless of local stream conditions. Each
of these uniform plantings was followed by a study of
the survival and distribution of the salmon during life
in the creek. Populations were estimated by the use of
a one-man hand seine. Each of the three uniform plant-
ings resulted In the same pattern of survival over the
stream system and showed the comparative suitability of
various stream types for rearing salmon. Unsedimented
gravelly riffles were found to be necessary for a high
survival of newly planted fry. Subsequent survival to
the smolt stage in areas not characterized by lethal
summer temperatures was largely dependent on suitable
habitats to accomodate the fish as they become larger.
Capture of smolts during the spring of 1948 showed that
at least 2% of the fry planted in 1946 reached Lake
Ontario in 1948. Prom the study of the survival of
salmon, it must be concluded that a number of sections
of Duffin Creek are suitable for the rearing of salmon
to the smolt stage. The fate of the salmon reaching
Lake Ontario has yet to be determined.
350. McCrlmmon, Hugh R. 1951. Atlantic salmon in tributary
streams of Lake Ontario. Sylva. 7(4): 3-9-
A brief history of the salmon in Lake Ontario waters is
given followed by a description of the experiment to
determine whether or not Atlantic salmon can be re-
Introduced into tributary streams of Lake Ontario.
(Univ. of Toronto, Main Library).
351. McCrimmon, Hugh R. and B, Bidgood. 1965. Abnormal
Vertebrae in the rainbow trout with particular
reference to electro-fishing. Transactions
American Pish. Society. 94(1): 84-88.
Rainbow trout, Salmo 3&e.x.dnt>i
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McLarty, D. A. - See: V. J. Bellls, No. 6l.
McNaught, D. C. - See: M. W. Penlon, No. 165.
McNeely, R. W. - See: C. P. M. Lewis, No. 332.
352. Maher, P. P. 1969. Our changing fish populations of the
Great Lakes. Ontario Fish and Wildlife Review.
8(1): 2-8.
Many changes of fish species in the Great Lakes can be
directly or indirectly attributed to mans activities.
In Lake Ontario roan has introduced carp and white perch,
chenaok salmon, Coho salmon, kokanee and splake. The
effects of these on Lake Ontario has not always been
beneficial as planned or failed to establish themselves.
The planned introduction of desirable exotic fish after
careful investigation pursued by the Department of Lands
and Forests should yield a substantial benefit to the
sport and commercial fisheries of the lake.
Marin, L. - See: C. Nalewajko, No. 389.
Marion, R. M. - See: A. D. Tennant, No. 550.
353. Markello, Samuel J. and John P. Storr. 1971. The use
of the Ross Pine Line Recording Fathometer as a
tool for measuring fish distribution in Lake Ontario
Abstract of paper presented at the l4th Conference
Great Lakes Research, Toronto, April 19-21, 1971.
p. 148.
The above study attempted to quantify fish distribution
both spacially and dlurnally off a nuclear power plant
at Nine Mile Point, during the summer and fall of 1970.
354. Marsh, C. Dwight. 1912. Notes on fresh-water copepoda
in the United States National Museum. Proceedings
U. S. National Museum. 42(1901): 245-255.
Presented in this paper is a list of the localities in
which copepoda were found in plankton collections
received from United States National Museum in 1911.
Information on identification and distribution is pre-
sented. Concerning Lake Ontario only information on
species of copepods from Sodus Bay, New York is included.
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355. Mason, E. J. R. 1933. Smelts in Lake Ontario. Copeia.
No. 1: 34.
Contains a brief note on the occurrence of a smelt,
04me/tu4 mo/tcfax, on September 9, 1931 in Lake Ontario
about 2 miles off Bowmanville.
356. Mather, Fred. 1881. Pishes which can live in both salt
and fresh water. Transactions American Pish.
Society. 10: 65-75.
Included in this article is a section on the striped
bass in Lake Ontario. A note on the occurrence of a
sea bass weighing 6 pounds caught in Chaumont Bay is
given.
357. Mather, Fred. 1887. Report of operations at Cold Spring
Harbor, New York, during the season of 1885. U. S.
Commission Fish and Fisheries. Report for 1885.
Part 13: 109-115.
The above is a report on the hatching and distribution
of various species of Salmondlae and other fishes at
the Cold Spring Harbor, New York station. With refer-
ence to Lake Ontario, 46,000 Penobscot salmon were
planted in Oswego River, Lake Ontario.
358. Mather, Fred. 1889. Report of operations at Cold Spring
Harbor, New York, during the season of 1886. U. S.
Commission Fish and Fisheries. Report for 1886.
Part 14: 721-728.
The above is a report on the hatching and distribution
of various fish at the Cold Spring Harbor, New York
station. With reference to Lake Ontario, 49,700 Atlantic
salmon were planted in Oswego River, Lake Ontario.
Matheson, D. H. - See: M. G. Johnson, No. 298.
359. Matheson, D. H. 1958. A consolidated report on Burling-
ton Bay. Dept. Municipal Laboratories, City of
Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario. Unnumbered.
This report is a summary of the results of surveys of
the condition of Burlington Bay which have been made
over the past quarter century. Biological data has been
taken on coliform and total bacteria and a discussion of
the deterioration in respect to sanitary conditions since
1923. In respect to plankton the population is assessed
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qualitatively and quantitatively and compared through-
out the seasons, as well as to depth and location of
station. In the phytoplankton, the diatoms and green
algae are discussed most completely. Protozoans,
Rotifers and Crustacea populations are also examined
and information summarized in tables.
360. Matheson, D. H. 1962. A pollution study of Western
Lake Ontario. Univ. of Michigan, Great Lakes
Research Division. Publication No. 9. PP. 15-20.
In I960 the Dept. of Municipal Laboratories of the city
of Hamilton was commissioned to undertake a study of
the western end of Lake Ontario with a view to determin-
ing the optimum location of a new waterworks intake.
The area of the study extended from Hamilton to Bronte
on the North shore, and a fifty mile point on the south
shore. Several parameters of pollution were studied,
one of them being coliform bacteria. The presence of
collforra bacteria is one of the most widely used and
most sensitive Indicators of sanitary pollution. In
this survey over 1800 samples were collected from the
lake and analysed. The average value of coliform
organisms in Lake Ontario were in relatively high con-
centrations along the shores with a rapid decline away
from shore. There was a dose correlation between
coliform and ammonia concentrations in the lake since
both come from a common source.
361. Matheson, D. H. 1963. A sanitary survey study of the
western end of Lake Ontario in connection with
the locating of new water works intakes for the
City of Hamilton, Ontario, 1961-1962. Dept.
Municipal Laboratories Corp. of the City of
Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario. 110 p.
The degree of pollution of Hamilton intake water in
respect to coliform counts has been constantly
Increasing over the years. Coliform determinations
along with other parameters were used to determine
the optimum location for water Intake. Information
on coliform concentrations was available from the
Hamilton water intake records and Burlington Water
Intake records. Samples were taken in Burlington Bay
and Western Lake Ontario in 1960-1961. Previous
studies were also included in the survey and detailed
Information has been comoiled and summarized in
tables and graphs.
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362. May, Franklin H. 1923. Piping plover and black tern
nesting as North Pond, Lake Ontario. The Auk.
40: 690-691.
Contains an observation of a Piping Plover nesting on a
sandspit in North Pond on the south shore of Lake Ontario
on July 14, 1923. On July 23, a colony of Black Terns
were observed nesting on the same sandspit.
363. Meade, Gordon M. 19^0. Franklin's gull in New York
State. The Auk. 57: 251.
On October 15, 1939, on the beach at Ontario Beach Park
on Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Genesee River, the
author found a dead Franklin's Gull (laiu.u-6 p-cp/cxean).
This is apparently the first recorded instance of this
species in New York State.
Meloon, D. T., Jr. - See: A. M. Cairo, No. 85.
364. Menon, A. S., B. J. Dutka and A. A. Jurkovic. 1971.
Bacteriological studies of the Lake Ontario thermal
bar. Abstract of paper presented at l4th Conference
Great Lakes Research, Toronto, April 19-21, 1971-
pp. 210-211.
This study was undertaken to assess the Influence of the
thermal bar in confining bacteria to the near-shore area
during the spring period of rapid growth. Parameters
studied in this investigation were total coliforms,
fecal coliforms, 20°C MF plate count and bacterial
biomass.
From the preliminary studies, it would appear that the
thermal bar acts as a barrier, separating the warmer
more productive inshore waters from the mid-lake waters
and also may retard or inhibit the diffusion of bacteria
from the inshore to the offshore area.
365. Metzer, D. F. 1968. Summary report on pollution of
the Niagara River. Paper presented by the NYS
Dept. of Health before the 16 January 1968 meeting
of the International Joint Commission, Niagara
Falls, New York. 9 p.
A general discussion of the water pollution of the
Niagara River. With respect to the collform contamina-
tion, it is thought that secondary treatment should
bring the level of residual coliforms to the permissible
limits.
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366. Michalski, M. F. P. 1968. Phytoplankton levels in
Canadian near shore waters of the lower Great
Lakes. Proceedings llth Conference on Great Lakes
Research, pp. 85-95.
Phytoplankton averages determined from waterworks
locations and off shore stations were lower in the
St. Lavirence River and in the eastern end of Lake
Ontario than in the western part. A bimodal pattern
of seasonal development occurred at most locations
sampled in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River.
High values were reported from samples collected in
Hamilton Bay and Bay of Quinte.
The major phytoplankters in Lake Ontario included
Ste.pkanod
-------
Stzpka.nod Ha.n£zAc.h.A.4. Grun. was the most important
diatom in the harbour but was virtually assent at the
intake location.
Frequently at the water treatment plant, increases in
standing stocks of algae and changes in species com-
position corresponded to changes in water temperature
resulting from movements of the thermocline below the
intake.
Samples collected once a week (in comparison with those
obtained daily) were Inadequate to define accurately
extreme changes in phytoplankton levels; however,
general trends were revealed through sampling every
seventh day.
Higher Indices of diversity were recorded at the R. C.
Harris location than in Toronto Harbour.
368. MIchalskI, M. P. P. 1969b. Planktonic and periphytic
algae of the Great Lakes - A list of recorded
suedes and their distribution. In: Anderson,
D. V. (Ed.). The Great Lakes as an Environment.
Great Lakes Institute, Univ. of Toronto. Appendix
6(2): 40-66.
Presented in this paper is an extensive list by species
of planktonlc and periphytic algae in the Great Lakes.
Earlier studies were used in compiling this list.
Distribution is Indicated only by lake. Where algal
forms were recorded from a bay, harbour or lake, the
associated Lake was indicated. (Canada Centre for
Inland Waters).
369. Miller, G. W. 1930. The mortality of alewives
{PomotobiL* pte-udohntitngu.* Wilson) in Lake Ontario.
Univ. of Toronto, Dept. Zoology. Manuscript 1-47.
45 p.
A discussion of the alewife including its habitat,
economic importance and mortality is given. This is
followed by an analysis of gross and microscopic
anatomy, a pathological investigation and a physiolo-
gical and experimental investigation all geared to
determining the cause of the mortality of alewives.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
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370. Miller, Robert R. 1956. Origin and dispersal of the
alewife, MO&CL p^eudoftaiengtu, and the gizzard
shad, VOX.CL&Oma. cepecUanum, in the Great Lakes.
Transactions American Pish. Society. 86: 97-111.
It is possible that the alewife is native to Lake Ontario
and the gizzard shad to Lake Erie, although conclusive
evidence for this is lacking. There appears to be no
records of the alewife from Lake Ontario prior to 1873,
after the lake had been stocked with American shad. A
tabular comparison of these species is given to
facilitate identification. The alewife is referred to
the genus Alosa (rather than Pomolobus) because no
reliable characteristics are available to distinguish
the species of these two groups. The phenominal increase
in abundance and spreading of the alewife may be correla-
ted with the upset in population balance by the sea
lamprey.
The gizzard shad does not occur north of lower New
York Harbor although It has been reported from New
Brunswick, where it is probably mlsidentified for the
alewife. Its Inland range has been extended by canal
connections including the Erie and Chicago River Canals.
371. Miller, Robert R. I960. Systematics and biology of
the gizzard shad (VoioAoma. cepecUanum) and
related fishes. U. S. Pish and Wildlife Service
Fishery Bulletin 173. 60: 371-392.
The gizzard shads, marine and freshwater herrings of the
subfamily Dorosomatlnae, are characterized and keys are
given to the seven known genera and to the five species
of the American genus Dono&oma.. The systematics and
biology of the eastern gizzard shad are treated in
detail. The biological information results largely
from a critical survey of papers dealing with its
fecundity, reproduction and development, size, age and
growth abundance, habitat and migration, mortality
parasites and predators, its food, forage values and
utilization by man.
372. Mills, Henry. l882a. Notes on the sponglllae of Buffalo,
Bulletin Buffalo Natural Science. 4: 57-60.
In October of 1879, Mr. D. S. Kellicott found the first
specimen of sponge on the pier at Black Rock near Squaw
Island. Subsequently, three other specimens have been
found by he and the author. One of them is supposedly
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new to science. These objects were found In the
microscopic examination of water from Niagara River
The three specimens were named Ca/i£e
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River system became the subject of this study because of
a proposed development of power and regulatory projects
along this river system. The development of a stocking
policy of fish propagated in the hatcheries of the State
will be formulated during this program. Information
concerning the pollution conditions which exist through-
out the water shed will be secured by means of biological
and chemical studies. A study of the species of fish
along with their food preferences will also be compiled.
A brief study of Silver Lake and Conesus Lake is also
included.
376. Moore. Emmeline. 1928. Introduction - A biological
survey of the Oswego River system. NYS Conserva-
tion Dept., Supplemental 17th Annual Report for
1927. Biological Survey, pp. 9-16.
This report includes an introduction to the biological
survey of the Oswego watershed. A description of the
area covered by the survey, authorization of survey,
statistics on fish planting, program of investigation
personnel and short descriptions of some of the papers
included in the survey. A list of specific papers in
the survey is also presented.
377. Moore, Emmeline. 1929. A biological survey of the
Erie-Niagara system. Introduction. NYS Conserva-
tion Dept. Supplemental 18th Annual Report for
1928. Biological Survey, pp. 8-18.
The report of the biological survey incorporates a series
of papers dealing with the fisheries of the Erie-Niagara
system. Three major lines of inquiry were pursued -
the study of the deeper water at the eastern end of the
lake with special emphasis on factors limiting produc-
tivity; the investigation of the general shore conditions;
and an evaluation of the tributary streams and their
headwaters in relation to stocking policy. A general
program of the Erie-Niagara Survey is described along
with statistics of fish planting In the Lower Niagara
River between 1918-1927, and colored plates of those
fish of particular interest.
378. Moore, Emmeline. 1932. Introduction - A biological
survey of the Oswegatchle and Black River systems
(Including also the Lesser Tributary Streams of
the Upper St. Lawrence River and of Northeastern
Lake Ontario). NYS Conservation Dept., Supplemental
21st Annual Report for 1931. Biological Survey.
6: 1-7.
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This report Is an introduction to the biological survey
of the Oswegatchle and Black River watershed. A des-
cription of the area covered by the survey, statistics
on fish planting, program of Investigation, personnel
and a list of papers done in the survey is presented.
379. Moore, Emmeline. 1940. A biological survey of the
Lake Ontario watershed (including all waters from
Little Sandy Creek westward except the Genesee and
Oswego River systems). Introduction. NYS Conserva-
tion Dept., Supplemental 29th Annual Report for
1939. Biological Survey, pp. 9-19.
This survey report deals with results of the fisheries
studies conducted during the season of 1939 in the Lake
Ontario watershed. The area covered extends from Little
Sandy Creek westward to the Niagara River and includes
all tributaries except the Genesee and Oswego River
systems.
In the Investigations, technical studies were directed
toward those aspects in the environment of fish life
which are related to the maintenance and improvement
of the fish resources. Included are studies on the
following: the relationship between Lake Ontario and
the natural features presented by the numerous bays and
wide stream mouths tributary to the lake; an inventory
of the fishes of the region and their distribution;
life history and growth rate data of several species;
evaluation of streams and ponds as a basis for an
improved stocking policy; the evaluation of natural
reproduction in the angling species; fishing possibili-
ties in the quarry ponds; the amount and quality of
food materials; chemical investigations of polluted
situations in public fishing waters; the examination
of fish for evidence of disease and studies of the life
cycle of fish parasites; a survey of the larger aquatic
plants in bays, streams and ponds; and the problem of
the carp population in Sodus Bay.
380. Morgan, George. 1883. Capture of land-locked salmon
at Oswego, Nevf York. Bulletin U. S. Pish Commission
for 1882. 2: 15.
Brief note on the occurrence of an Individual salmon
taken at Oswego while pumping out a dry-dock.
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381. Mueller, J. F. 19^0. Parasitism and disease in fishes
of the Lake Ontario watershed. NYS Conservation
Dept., Supplemental 29th Annual Report for 1939.
Biological Survey, pp. 211-225.
A total of 266 fish, representing 31 different species,
were examined for external and Internal parasites. In
connection with life history studies of the parasites,
24 birds were examined. The alewife was intensively
studied to determine the cause of the heavy mortality
annually observed in this species during the early part
of the summer. All specimens of the genus E4ox collected
by the field units were examined for Tiichodina. in the
urinary bladder. Relatively few species of gill para-
sites were encountered. Lake Ontario salmanids are
heavily infested with the swim bladder parasite, Cyt>ti-
d
-------
location and composition of the principal areas of
aquatic vegetation within the area surveyed. The second
part consists of a annotated list of all the species of
larger aquatic plants in the watershed surveyed during
the summers of 1930 and 1931.
The present discussion of the vegetation is limited to
the larger aquatic plants, most of which grow attached
to the bottom in shallow water usually not over five
meters in depth. The microscopic free-living and sus-
pended plants which form a part of the plankton life of
a body of water are discussed in another part of the
report.
The discussion is based upon a field study of the bays
of Lake Ontario from Stoney Point northward to Cape
Vincent, the American side of the St. Lawrence River
from its mouth to the mouth of the Oswegatchie River
to Ogdensburg, and the watersheds of the Black and
Oswegatchie River systems.
Mukerji, G. N. - See: V. C. Vladejkav, No. 57^.
Munawar, Mohiuddin and Arnold Nauwerck. 1971. Composi-
tion and horizontal distribution of phytoplankton
in Lake Ontario during the year 1970. Abstract of
paper presented at the 14th Conference Great Lakes
Research, Toronto, April 19-21, 1971. pp. 216-217.
The above is a qualitative and quantitative study of the
phytoplankton collected for one year over the entire
lake.
Nalewajko, C. - See: J. H. Sparling, No. 533.
385. Nalewajko, C. 1965a. Photosynthesis and excretion in
various planktonic algae. Limnology and Oceano-
graphy. 11(1): 1-10.
Twenty-four species of planktonlc algae, including 16
Chlorophyceae, seven Bacellariophycaea and one Cyano-
phyceae, were found to libuate a part of their photo-
synthetic products into the medium. This excretion was
less than 2% of the total carbon fixed during photosyn-
thesis in short term experiments with dilute cell
suspensions under conditions of abundant C02 supply and
limiting or saturating light Intensities.
Excretion was increased at high population density, under
conditions of limiting COp levels and at light intensities
sufficient to Inhibit intensities.
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Excretion values in Chloiztta pkyJinoidoAa chick were
usually lower than in other species under the same
environmental conditions.
386. Nalewajko, C. 19o6b. Dry weight, ash and volume data
for some freshwater planktonic algae. Journal
Fisheries Research Board Canada. 23(8): 1285-1288.
Numerical records of abundance of phytoplankton in a
lake may result in a misrepresentation of the true
importance of certain species because of the large
differences in size of various planktonic algae. Lund
(196*0 pointed out that counts of phytoplankton could
be made more valuable if data were available on the
relationship between cell numbers and dry weight and
volume in these species.
Data presented here were collected in conjunction with
estimations of standing crop of phytoplankton in Lake
Ontario and during an investigation in which excretion
rates in various planktonic algae were compared on an
ash-free, dry-weight basis. All data were obtained
using cultures in the expotential phase of growth, to
avoid differences in cell composition which may occur
in old cultures following nutrient depletion.
387. Nalewajko5 C. 1966c. Composition of phytoplankton In
surface waters of Lake Ontario. Journal Fisheries
Research Board Canada. 23(11): 1715-1725.
Few data are available on the composition of phytoplank-
ton in Lake Ontario in comparison to the other Great
Lakes. In the present investigations, seasonal fluctua-
tions of phytoplankton were followed during 19 months
(January 1964 to July 1965) at one location in the lake,
and In addition samples from other locations were
examined to obtain some indication of the type of phyto-
plankton occurring in the whole lake.
Ste.pka.nodi A c.u.4 te.nu.iA Hust., Me.toAifia -c6.dand.tca 0. Mull.,
and Viatoma. e.tongatu.m (Lyngl.) Ag. , on a cell volume
basis, were the three most Important species in the
surface water of Lake Ontario near Gilbraltar Point.
Ste.phon.odiAc.uA te.nu.iA was by far the most abund nt
species. It was present during most of the year and
accounted for about 87/5 of the total number of algae
present during the spring outbursts. In the more
central areas of the lake Me.ioAiia. iAlandica and
AAte.nione.tta. fioimoAa Hass. replaced Ste.pha.nodiAcuA
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as the most Important species.
On the basis of the major phytoplankton species present
the central area of Lako Ontario appears to be oligo-
trophic. High numbers of Ste.pha.nod4.Ac.aA te.na4.A in
Inshore waters may be indicative of a more eutrcphic
environment.
388. Nalewajko, C. 196?. Phytoplankton distribution in Lake
Ontario. Proceedings 10th Conference Great Lakes
Research, pp. 63-69.
In April 1965 the phytoplankton of the coastal zone of
Lake Ontario within approximately six miles of the
shore differed quantitatively and also in species
composition from more central areas of the lake. In
general, algae were two or three times as abundant
close to shore with Ste.pha.nod4.Ac.aA tznaiA Hust accounted
for only 1.8-10J6 of the total numbers of algae and
Mtf.oA4.fia 4.Ata.YidJic.a. Mill, and A-&£e-'u.one££a fioimoAa Hass.
were the most prominant species.
Ste.pka.nod4.tc.aA increases rapidly in the spring, and
the -evelopment of the thermal bar confines it to the
tvarmer coastal zone. Gradually, as the thermal bar
moves away from the shore, Stephanad4.Ac.aA spreads to
more central areas of the lake, however, it never
reaches comparable numbers there. Since the thermal
bar has been reported to impede runoff, the abundance
of Ste.pha.no d^AcaA may be attributed to the higher
nutrient concentrations in the coastal zones.
The distribution of Me£o.*-c/ut 4,Ata.nd4.CLa, with the highest
numbers of the isothermal cold waters on the offshore
side of the thermal bar and low numbers on the Inshore
side can be explained by the increased sinking rate of
the diatom due to decreased turbulence on the establish-
ment of thermal stratification.
389. Nalewajko, C. and L. Marin. 1968. Extracellular pro-
duction in relation to growth of four planktonic
algae and of phytoplankton populations from Lake
Ontario. Canadian Journal Botany. **7(3): 405-413.
The liberation of extracellular organic material by
algae during short-term photosynthesis experiments is
a well-established phenomenon and the physiology of the
process has been investigated by a number of workers.
Recently (Witt and Fogg, 1966), it has been shown that
-149-
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In Chtoittta pytitnoidotta. (Emerson strain) the relative
growth rate of the alga is an important factor in the
amounts of extracellular glycollate produced.
Data are presented here on the relationship between
photosynthesis and extracullular production snd rela-
tive growth rate in four planktonlc algae. In addition,
photosynthesis and excretion were measured during the
spring Increase of diatoms in Lake Ontario in 1966.
390. Nash, C. W. 1901. The bass of Ontario. Canadian
Magazine Politics, Science, Art and Literature. 1?:
333-336.
The article discusses bass fishing in Ontario, open
season beginning commencing on the 16th day of June.
The bass family in Ontario is represented by nine
species, two B£Q/ck Bass, white bass speckled bass,
rock bass and four sunfish. Its well-earned repute is
due to its game fishing qualities when hooked, and in
the respect it is without a doubt, at equal weights, the
superior of any fish that swims. The author mentions
seeing bass nets in Lake Ontario after the fishing
season had open up. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library)-
391. Nash, C. W. 1905. A check list of the vertebrates of
Ontario and catalogue of specimens in the biolo-
gical section of the Provincial Museum: Reptiles,
Batrachians, Mammals. Dept. Education, Toronto.
32 p.
The Batrachians and Reptiles of Ontario have not been
studied to any extent and fevr collections have been
made. When more attention is given to these animals,
many North American species now known to occur in the
United States immediately adjoining Ontario may be
found generally distributed through the province. This
paper Includes a list of vertebrates which occur in
Ontario. For each organism, a description of the dis-
tribution is given. (Univ. of Toronto, Dept. Zoology).
392. Nash, C, W. 1913. XIX. Pishes. In: Paull, J. H.
(Ed.). The Natural History of the Toronto region,
Ontario. Canadian Institute, Toronto, pp. 2*»9-
271.
The list Includes all the fish found within a radius of
ten or twelve miles from the City of Toronto. The
silver lamprey and 48 species of fish are listed as
occurring in Lake Ontario and/or its tributaries.
(Toronto-Royal Ontario Museum).
-150-
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393. Nathan, Bernard. 1954. Aggressiveness of herring gulls.
Prothonotary. 20(10): 88.
A short note about an incident where a herring gull
chased a great blue herring across the Niagara River.
Nauwerck, Arnold - See: Mohiuddin Munawar, No. 384.
394. Neil, John H. and Glenn E. Owen. 196*1. Distribution,
environmental requirements and significance of
Ctaidophona. in the Great Lakes. Univ. of Michigan,
Great Lakes Research Division. Proceedings 7th
Conference Great Lakes Research. Pub. 11: 113-121.
Excessive growths of Ctadophota. sp. along certain
sections of the Great Lakes shoreline creates serious
nuisance conditions which affect the use of water for
recreations, industrial and municipal purposes.
Information on the ecology of this algae was collected
as part of a study directed towards the development of
control measures. The presence of Cladophoto. &p. is
dependent on a suitable substrate for attachment, water
movement, adequate light and nutrients in excess of
those normally available in the waters of the upper
Great Lakes. Lakes Ontario and Erie have sufficient
inherent fertility to support marginal growths, but
where local nutrient sources are available, production
increases. Phosphorus applied to a location providing
suitable physical conditions but devoid of Ctadopkotia,
sp. resulted in the establishment of a sizeable area of
growth. The results of attempts at control are also
discussed.
Nemerow, Nelson L. - See: Daniel F. Jackson, No. 293-
395. New York State Conservation Commission- 1924. 13th
Annual Report for the Year 1923. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 30: 93-97.
The commercial catch in Lake Ontario for 1922 amounted
to 365,988 pounds with a value of $51,694. Information
is also given for Sodus Bay, Pairhaven Bay, Chaumont
Bay and the Niagara River.
396. New York State Conservation Commission, 1925. 14th
Annual Report for the Year 1924. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 29: 52-63.
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The commercial catch in Lake Ontario for 1923 amounted
to 391,156 pounds with a value of $64,429. Information
is also priven for Port Bay, Sodus Bay and Chaumont Bay.
397. New York State Conservation Commission. 1926. 15th
Annual Report for the Year 1925. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 28: 53-63.
The commercial catch in Lake Ontario for 1924 amounted
to 7^5,443 pounds with a value of $73,282. Information
is also given for Port Bay, Great and Little Sodus Bay,
Chaumont Bay and the Niagara River.
398. New York State Conservation Commission. 1927. 16th
Annual Report for the Year 1926. Division of Pish
and Game » Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 29: 90-99.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1925. A total of 18 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 445,938 pounds with a
value of $57,797. Information is also given for Port
Bay, Sodus Bay, Chaumont Bay, Black River Bay and the
Niagara River.
399. New York State Conservation Department. 1928. 17th
Annual Report for the Year 1927. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 299-312.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1926. A total of 16 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 451,348 pounds with a
value of $58,419. Information is also given for Port
Bay, Sodus Bay, Chaumont Bay and Black River Bay.
400. New York State Conservation Department. 1929. 18th
Annual Report for the Year 1928. Division of Pish
anp Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document Mo. 38: 265-278.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1927. A total of 14 species
accounted for 399,740 pounds with a value of $57,046.
Information is also given for Port Bay, Sodus Bay, Chaumont
Bay and the Niagara River.
-152-
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1401. New York State Conservation Department. 1930. 19th
Annual Report for the Year 1929. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries, Legislative
Document No. 38: 257-269.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch In Lake Ontario for 1928. A total of 15 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 577,044 pounds with a
value of $71,209. Information is also given for Port
Bay, Sodus Bay and Chaumont Bay.
402. New York State Conservation Department. 1931. 20th
Annual Report for the Year 1930. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 275-282.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1929. A total of 14 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 538,936 pounds with a
value of $73,646. Information is also given for Port
Bay, Sodus Bay and Chaumont Bay.
403. New York State Conservation Department. 1932. 21st
Annual Report for the Year 1931. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 251-262.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1930. A total of 14 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 435,516 pounds with a
value of $42,922. Also Included is a table on the
catch statistics for Chaumont Bay.
404. New York State Conservation Department. 1933. 22nd
Annual Report for the Year 1932. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 256-277.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1931. A total of 13 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 250,092 pounds with a
value of $21,042. Also included is a table on the
catch statistics for Chaumont Bay.
405. New York State Conservation Department. 1931*. 23rd
Annual Report for the Year 1933. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 232-247.
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Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1932. A total of 15 species
plus a rr.isc. group accounted for 187,051 pounds with a
value of $16,397. Also included is a table on the
catch statistics for Chaumont Bay.
406. New York State Conservation Department. 1935. 24th
Annual Report for the Year 1934. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 246-262,
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1933. A total of 15 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 352,620 pounds with a
value of $25,926. Also included is a table on the catch
statistics for Chaumont Bay.
407. New York State Conservation Department. 1936. 25th
Annual Report for the Year 1935- Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 305-319.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1934. A total of 14 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 404,830 pounds with a
value of $34,215. Also included is a table on the catch
statistics for Chaumont Bay.
408. New York State Conservation Department. 1937. 26th
Annual Report for the Year 1936. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 278-288.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1935. A total of 15 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 447,931 pounds with a
value of $38S091. Also included is a table on the catch
statistics for Chaumont Bay.
409. New York State Conservation Department. 1938. 2?th
Annual Report for the Year 1937. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 253-261.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1936. A total of 15 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 281,657 pounds with a
value of $31»773. Also Included is a table on the catch
statistics for Chaumont Bay.
-154-
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410. New York State Conservation Department. 1939. 28th
Annual Report for the Year 1938. Division of Pish
ana Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 229-239.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1936 and 1937. A total of
14 species plus a misc. group accounted for 281,657
pounds with a value of $31,773 in 1936. A total of
14 species accounted for 303,461 pounds with a value
of $33,024 in 1937. Also included is a table on the
catch statistics for Chaumont Bay.
4ll. New York State Conservation Department. 1940. 29th
Annual Report for the Year 1939. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 38: 222-229.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1937 and 1938. A total of
14 species accounted for 303,461 pounds with a value
of $33,024 in 1937. A total of 12 species plus a
misc. group accounted for 349,702 pounds with a value
of $35,387. Also included is a table on the catch
statistics for Chaumont Bay.
412. New York State Conservation Department. 194la. Lake
Ontario and St. Lawrence bass problem. 30th Annual
Report for the Year 1940. pp. 203-204.
Presented in this short note was some information on
the black bass is the eastern end of Lake Ontario.
Included in some general results of a survey of bass
fishing areas and conditions. It was noted that the
bass food supply may be limiting the growth of the bass
due to competition of the rock bass. Also heavy sport
fishing pressure is also a problem.
413. New York State Conservation Department. 194lb. 30th
Annual Report for the Year 1940. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 37: 205-212.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1938 and 1939. A total of
12 species plus a misc. group accounted for 349,702
pounds with a value of $35,387 in 1938. A total of
14 species plus a misc. group accounted for 342,942
pounds with a value of $35,952 in 1939. Also included
is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont Bay.
-155-
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*1*. New York State Conservation Department. 19*2. 31st
Anm.al Report for the Year 19*1. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 32: 198-209.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1939 and 19*0. A total of 14
species plus a misc. group accounted for 3*2,942 pounds
with a value of $35,952 in 1939. A total of 11 species
plus a misc. group accounted for 366,7*3 pounds with a
value of $40,850 in 19*0. Also included is a table on
the catch statistics for Chaumont Bay.
*15. New York State Conservation Department. 19*3. 32nd
Annual Report for the Year 19*2. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 27: 173-187.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 19*0 and 19*1. A total of 11
species plus a misc. group accounted for 366,7*3 pounds
with a value of $*0,850 in 19*0. A total of 12 species
accounted for 28*,650 pounds with a value of $35,872 in
19*1. Also included is a table on the catch statistics
for Chaumont Bay.
*16. New York State Conservation Department. 19**. 33rd
Annual Report for the Year 19*3. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 25: 127-1*2.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 19*1 and 19*2. A total of 12
species accounted for 28*,650 pounds with a value of
$35,872 in 19*1. A total of 10 species accounted for
1*0,665 pounds with a value of $2*,5*8 in 19*2. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
*17. New York State Conservation Department. 19*6. 3*th-35th
Annual Report for the Years 19**-19*5. Division of
Fish and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legis-
lative Document No. 6l: 159-16*.
No table on the catch statistics for Lake Ontario is
given in this report. A table on the catch statistics
for Chaumont Bay, however, is included.
-156-
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418. Mew York State Conservation Department. 1947. 36th
Annual Report for the Year 1946. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 85: 140-154.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario in 1944 and 1945. A total of 19
species plus a misc. group accounted for 147,188 pounds
with a value of $16,550 in 1944. A total of 15 species
accounted for 217,076 pounds with a value of $44,555 in
1945. Also included is a table on the catch statistics
for Chaumont Bay.
419. New York State Conservation Department. 1948a. 37th
Annual Report for the Year 1947. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Fish and Wildlife Investiga-
tions. Legislative Document No. 62: 111-131*.
Included in this report is a section on the Oswegatchie
River Pike-Perch Study. The experimental project began
in 1947 to determine if it is feasible to net the spawn-
ing pike-perch and transplant them upstream In the
Oswegatchie River and other suitable waters in the
vicinity. On the basis of the first year's recoveries,
it appears that a large percentage of planted fish
attempted to return to the St. Lawrence River. The
securing of additional data on the fate of the tagged
fish should determine whether the transplanting of adult
pike-perch from the lower Oswegatchie to other suitable
waters is a sound management practice.
Also included is a section on the Lake Ontario-St,
Lavrrence River Smallmouth Bass Investigation. Over the
1944-1946 period, 1,849 smallmouth bass have been tagged
and released in the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River
region to obtain information on migration and growth
which will aid future management of this sport fishery.
420. New York State Conservation Department. 1948b. 37th
Annual Report for the Year 1947. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document Mo. 62: 134-140.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 19JJ5 and 1946. A total of 15
species accounted for 217,076 pounds with a value of
$44,555 in 1945. A total of 14 species accounted for
218,500 pounds with a value of $42,964 in 19^6. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
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New York State Conservation Department. 1950. 39th
Annual Report for the Year 1949. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau cf Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 76: 146-163.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1947 and 1948. A total of 11
species accounted for 274,772 pounds t*ith a value of
$55,605 in 1947. A total of 14 species accounted for
200,381 pounds with a value of $41,032 in 1948. Also
Included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
422. New York State Conservation Department. 1951. 40th
Annual Report for the Year 1950. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 48: 156-183.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1948 and 1949. A total of 14
species accounted for 200,381 pounds with a value of
$41,032 in 1948. A total of 14 species accounted for
139,206 pounds with a value of $26,094 in 1949. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
423. New York State Conservation Department. 1952. 4lst
Annual Report for the Year 1951. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 78: 156-189.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1949 and 1950. A total of 14
species accounted for 139,206 pounds with a value of
$26,094 in 1949. A total of 15 species accounted for
94,469 pounds with a value of $27,284 in 1950. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
424. New York State Conservation Department. 1953. 42nd
Annual Report for the Year 1952. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Inland Fisheries. Legislative
Document No. 27: 158-208.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1950 and 1951. A total of 15
species accounted for 94,469 pounds with a value of
$27,284 in 1950. A total of 16 species accounted for
475,277 pounds with a value of $104,939 in 1951. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
-158-
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425. New York State Conservation Department. 1954. 43rd
Annual Report for the Year 1953. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Fish. Legislative Document
No. 47: 127-202.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1951 and 1952. A total of 16
species accounted for 475,277 pounds with a value of
$104,939 in 1951. A total of 17 species accounted for
515,320 pounds with a value of $85,544 in 1952. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
426. New York State Conservation Department. 1955. 44th
Annual Report for the Year 1954. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Fish. Legislative Document
No. 47: 125-173.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1952 and 1953. A total of 17
species accounted for 515,320 pounds with a value of
$85,544 in 1952. A total of 18 species accounted for
128,211 pounds with a value of $42,495 in 1953. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
427. New York State Conservation Department. 1956. 45th
Annual Report for the Year 1955. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Fish, Legislative Document
No. 88: 100-130.
The commercial catch for 1954 amounted to 175,806 pounds
with a value of $35,708. Catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay were reported in tabular form.
428. New York State Conservation Department. 1957. 46th
Annual Report for the Year 1956. Division of Fish
and Game - Bureau of Fish. Legislative Document
No. 114: 100-130.
The total catch for Lake Ontario declined which was
attributed to the decline of the blue pike even though
there were minor increases in the yellow perch, ciscoes
and whltefish. A table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay is given.
-159-
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429. New York State Conservation Department. 1958. 47th
Annual Report for the Year 1957. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 110: 102-134.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1955 and 1956. A total of 16
species accounted for 90,907 pounds with a value of
$22,118 in 1955. A total of 16 species accounted for
60,183 pounds with a value of $17,330 in 1956. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
430. New York State Conservation Department. 1959. 48th
Annual Report for the Year 1958. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 109: 94-127.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1956 and 1957. A total of 16
species accounted for 60,183 pounds with a value of
$17,330 in 1956. A total of 18 species accounted for
$42,866 pounds with a value of $12,764 in 1957. Also
included is a table on the catch statistics for Chaumont
Bay.
431. New York State Conservation Department. I960. 4gth
Annual Report for the Year 1959. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 105: 93-120.
Included In this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1958. A total of 17 species
accounted for 43,457 pounds with a value of $13,065.
Also Included is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay.
432. New York State Conservation Department. 1961. 50th
Annual Report for the Year 1060. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Fish. Legislative Document
No. 104: 86-108.
Included In this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario in 1959. A total of 17 species
accounted for 39,693 pounds with a value of $8,926.
Also included is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay.
-160-
-------
Mew York State Conservation Department. 1962. 51st
Annual Report for the Year 1961. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Fish. Legislative Document
No. 105: 95-113.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for I960. A total of 17 species
accounted for 67,481 pounds with a value of $21,376.
Also included is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay.
434. New York State Conservation Department. 1963. 52nd
Annual Report for the Year 1962. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 106: 99-116.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch In Lake Ontario In 1961. A total of 13 species
accounted for 124,605 pounds with a value of $14,879.
Also included Is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay.
;H5. New York State Conservation Department. 1964. 53rd
Annual Report for the Year 1963. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 101: 97-114.
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1962. A total of 20 species
accounted for 66,531 pounds with a value of $22,209.
Also Included is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay.
436. New York State Conservation Department. 1965. 54th
Annual Report for the Year 1964. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 98: 92-105.
Included In this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1963. A total of 10 species
accounted for 80,140 pounds with a value of $18,580.
Also included is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay.
437. New York State Conservation Department. 1966. 55th
Annual Report for the Year 1965. Division of Pish
and Game - Bureau of Pish. Legislative Document
No. 98: 86-93.
-161-
-------
Included in this report is a table on the commercial
catch in Lake Ontario for 1964. A total of 10 species
accounted for 90,100 pounds with a value of $26,485-
Also included is a table on the catch statistics for
Chaumont Bay .
438. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
1967. Periodic report of the water quality surveill-
ance network, 1965 - 196? water years. NYS Dept .
Environmental Conservation, Albany, N. Y. 390 p.
This report is an evaluation of the results and the
effects of the NYS water pollution abatement program
upon the quality of the State's water. This water
pollution abatement program encompasses: the construc-
tion of municipal and industrial waste treatment works;
an intensified enforcement program; the granting of
financial aid and tax incentives; research; and water
quality surveillance. This information can be used to
establish water quality standards by the State Water
Resources Commission.
439. New York State Department of Health. 1957. Eighteenmile
Creek drainage basin and other tributaries entering
Lake Ontario between Niagara River and Eighteenmile
Creek. Lake Ontario Drainage Basin Survey Series
No. 3. 71 p.
This is a report on the survey and studies of the surface
waters of Eighteenmile Creek and other tributaries enter-
ing Lake Ontario between Eighteenmile Creek and the
Niagara River. The report includes recommended classifica-
tions for the waters surveyed. Determination of present
defilement is in part from coliform organisms. Data is
included in graphs and charts. Pishing and fish culture
is mentioned; problems and species present are briefly
discussed.
4*0. New York State Department of Health. 1958. Lake Ontario
surface waters including specified tributaries.
Lake Ontario Drainage Basin Survey Series No. 4.
p.
A biological, physical and chemical study of Lake Ontario
and its tributaries. The report emphasizes the physical
and chemical parameters with only minor attention given
to the biological aspects. Discussion of fish culture ^
the effects of pollution on fish and coliform counts are
included in the report.
-162-
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New York State Department of Health. 1961. Upper
Genssee Paver drainage basin. Genesee River Drainage
Basin Survey Series Rept. No. 2. 212 p.
The purpose of this survey is to obtain necessary Infor-
mation and data concerning factors in order to properly
and intelligently classify and assign standards of quality
and purity to waters within the drainage basin. The major
biological factor of concern in the survey was the coli-
forn count. Most probable numbers of coliform is included
in graphs and charts. Other biological considerations
were the populations of fish contained in the lakes and
streams of the water-shed and general description of
species significant in each area.
it42. New York State Department of Health. 1964. Periodic
report of the water quality surveillance network
I960 - 1964. New York State Dept. of Health,
Albany, N. Y. pp. 1-345.
The objective of collection, processing, storage and
reproduction of water quality information is to gain
intelligence for specific needs. The water quality
surveillance network was established to supply those
interested parties with this information for whatever
purpose they wish to use it.
This publication presents the parameters of water
quality as they are most commonly encountered and used.
Selection of specific raw water constituents or para-
meters for this report is limited to the bacterial,
physical, chemical and radiological determinations.
The parameters are summarized using measures of central
tendency and dispersion respectively expressed as
arithmetic mean, median and the maximum and minimum
values. The areas sampled Included the Lake Ontario
watershed.
443. Nicholson, H. Alleyne. 1873. Contributions to a
fauna canadensls, being an account of the animals
dredged in Lake Ontario in 1872. Canadian Journal.
N. S. 13: 490-506.
A series of dredgings were carried out during the summer
of 1872 in the vicinity of Toronto. A list containing a
description and chief characters of the animals obtained
in these dredgings was given. Some of the groups repre-
sented were the algae, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca,
osteichthys and amphibia.
.163-
-------
444. Odell, T. T. 1934. The life history and ecological
relationships of the alewife (Pomotobu.* p4eudofc
gua (Wilson) ) in Seneca Lake, New York. Trans-
actions American Pish. Society. 64: 118-126.
Research was done on the life history and ecological
relationships of the alewife in order to determine its
suitability as a new forage fish in New York State. It
is mentioned that the alewife has been landlocked in Lake
Ontario for some years and has become abundant there.
The majority of the work here was performed in the Finger
Lakes in New York.
445. Odell, T. T. 1940. A biological survey of the Lake
Ontario watershed. III. Bays and ponds of the
shore area. New York State Conservation Dept.
Supplemental to 29th Annual Report for 1939.
Biological Survey, pp. 82-97.
The more important bays and ponds are discussed with
particular reference to the physical, chemical, biological
and historical data relating to fish production. Tabula-
tions summarize miscellaneous data and give estimates of
relative abundance of fishes. A chart of Irondequoit
Bay shows hydrographic data. The general discussion deals
with: the stocking policy; the lack of correlation
between the fisherman's catch and the relative abundance
of certain fishes; migrations of fish to and from Lake
Ontario; creel limits; open bays versus closed bays; and
the need for further study to determine the best management
policy.
446. Ogawa, Roann E. 1969. Lake Ontario phytoplankton,
September 1964. Technical Report # 14, Great Lakes
Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 27-38.
Phytoplankton counts on samples collected in Lake Ontario
on September 8-18, 1964, showed that green algae were the
dominant plankters and diatoms were of secondary impor-
tance. The greatest abundance of phytoplankton was
close to shore from Toronto, along the southern shore of
the lake, and up the eastern shore to the North Channel.
The open waters of Lake Ontario were characterized by low
numbers of phytoplankton. The relationships among phyto-
plankton abundance, bottom fauna distribution and
enrichment are discussed.
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Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. 1967. Statistics
of the fishing industry in the public waters of
Ontario. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests, Toronto,
Ontario. Unnumbered.
Charts on the statistics of the fishing Industry in
Ontario from 1959-1967. Included is the number of men
employed, types of fishing, gear, types of shore
installations, monetary value of the Industry.
Ontario Game and Fisheries Department. 1908a. Ontario
fisheries. Ontario Game and Fisheries Department.
1st Annual Report, 1907. pp. 92-97.
Presented here are statistics on the return of the number
of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and
boats, the quantity and value of all fishing materials
by county on Canadian portion of Lake Ontario. Also
reported are kinds and quantities of fish caught during
the year 1907 listed by county. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
Ontario Game and Fisheries Department. 1908b. Compara-
tive statement of yield 1906-1907 according to
districts. Ontario Game and Fish Department.
1st Annual Report, 1907. p. 99.
Presented here are statistics of the comparison of yield
of commercial fish catch by species between 1906 and 1970.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
450. Ontario Game and Fisheries Department. 1908c. Compara-
tive statement of yield 1907-1908 according to
districts. Ontario Game and Fish Department.
2nd Annual Report, 1908. pp. 101-102.
Presented here are statistics of the comparison of the
yield of commercial fish catch by species between 1907
and 1908. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
*J51. Ontario Game and Fish Department. 1909. Ontario
fisheries. Ontario Game and Fish Department.
2nd Annual Report, 1908. pp. 9^-98.
Presented here are statistics on the return of the number
of fishermen, tonnage, value of traps, vessels, boats
and tugs, the quality and value of all fishing materials
on Lake Ontario by Individual county. Also included are
kinds and quantities of fish caught during the year 1908
listed by counties and totals of all kinds for Lake
Ontario. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
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452. Ontario Game and Pish Department. 1911a. Ontario
fisheries. Ontario Game and Fisheries Department.
1st Annual Report, 1910. pp. 146-165.
Presented here are the statistics on the return of the
number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels
and boats, quantity and value of all fishing materials
by county on the Canadian portion of Lake Ontario. Also
reported are kinds and quantities of fish caught during
the year 1910 listed by county. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
453. Ontario Game and Pish Department. 1911b. Comparative
statement of yield for 1908-1909 according to
districts. Ontario Game and Pish Department.
Annual Report, 1910. pp. 166-169.
Presented here are statistics of the comparison of
yield of commercial fish catch by species between 1908
and 1909. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
454. Ontario Game and Pish Department. 1912a. Ontario
fisheries. Ontario Game and Pish Department. 5th
Annual Report, 1911. pp. 152-171.
Presented here are the statistics on the return of the
number of fishermen, tonnage, value of tugs, vessels and
boats, quality and value of all fishing materials by
county on the Canadian portion of Lake Ontario. Also
reported are kinds and quantities of fish caught during
the year 1910 listed by county. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
455. Ontario Game and Pish Department. 1912b. Comparative
statement of yield for 1909-1910 according to dis-
tricts. Ontario Game and Pish Department. 5th
Annual Report, 1911. pp. 172-174.
Presented here are statistics of the comparison of yield
of commercial fish catch by species between 1909-1910.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
456. Ontario Game and Pish. Department. 1945. The era of
salmon in Lake Ontario. Monthly Bulletin Ontario
Department Game and Pish. 1(2): 9-10.
The article begins by using stories of fishermen to
illustrate the vast quantities of salmon found in the
Ganaraska River, which flows into Lake Ontario at Port
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Hope. The annual slaughter of the salmon brought economic
prosperity to the people. This, in turn, brought factor-
ies and farming along the banks which fouled and changed
the creek from its natural state and made it less capable
of affording shelter and spawning, which in the end,
resulted in the elimination of the salmon in the streams.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
457. Ontario Water Resources Commissiob. 1963. Report on
water resources survey, County of Peel. Toronto,
Ontario. 204 p.
A survey of the County of Peel was conducted in April and
May 1963 to review the water supply and pollution control
facilities. The County of Peel is drained mainly by
three watersheds; namely, the Credit River, the Humer
River and the Etobicoke Creeks, all of which empty into
Lake Ontario which forms the southern boundary of the
county.
A summary of laboratory results on Lake Ontario is presen-
ted in Table I. The biological parameter included is the
MF coliform count/100 ml.
458. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1965a, Water
resources survey, County of Prontenac. Toronto,
Ontario. 145 p.
The purpose of this report is to examine the conditions
of the water resources of the County of Prontenac and
indicate action required to ensure maximum use of those
resources. The shorelines of Lake Ontario and the St.
Lawrence River form the southern boundary of the county.
Table 3-8 contains the stream sample results of Lake
Ontario and the St. Lawrence River which includes data
on coliform/100 ml.
459. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1965b. Water
resources survey of the County of Halton. Toronto,
Ontario. 336 p.
The purpose of this report is to examine the condition of
the water resources of the County of Halton. Bacteriolo-
gical examinations were performed on samples from water
supplied, streams and outfalls. The membrane-filter
technique was used to obtain a direct enumeration of
coliform organisms and the results are reported as MF
col:'forr<: count per 100 ml. Bacteriological counts
included MPN total coliform organisms and E. c.oli counts.
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460. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1965c. Water
quality survey of Lake Ontario from Toronto to
Kingston. Toronto, Ontario. Unnumbered.
This report correlates the results of samples of the
waters of Lake Ontario from Metropolitan Toronto's
eastern boundary to the City of Kingston and major
tributaries thereof in the vicinity of their points of
discharge collected during 1962, 1963, 1964 and part of
1965. The biological parameters used for determining
levels of pollution were coliform counts. The membrane
filter technique was employed to obtain coliform counts
which are reported/100 ml.
461. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1965d. Report on
a water quality survey of the St. Lawrence River
from Quebec boundary to Kingston. Toronto, Ontario.
Unnumbered.
This report attempts to correlate the results of samples
of the waters of the St. Lawrence River from the Quebec
boundary to the City of Kingston, a distance of 146 miles,
and major tributaries. The membrane filter technique was
employed to obtain a direct enumeration of coliform
organisms, the results of which are reported/100 ml. The
MPN index was employed to determine the count of coliform
bacteria present in water supplies.
462. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1965e. Water
quality data compiled by River Basin Surveys Water
Quality Surveys Branch, Division of Sanitary
Engineering, Toronto, Ontario. 1964-1965. Vol. 1.
287 p.
A water quality monitoring program has been established
along key rivers and lakes, especially those which are
tributaries of Lake Ontario. Data from this sampling
station Is tabulated year round. Analysis of samples
included the following parameter: total coliforms.
463. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1967. Water quality
data 1965-1966. Toronto, Ontario. Vol. II. 364 p.
The data collected is the result of a program to record
basic water quality information. Sampling stations were
selected at points considered representative of the
general condition of the body of water. The information
is used to maintain surveillance over water quality and
to provide supporting data used in the analysis and
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prediction of water quality for planning and other purposes
A bacteriological examination of samples was made to deter-
mine total coliform parameter.
Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1970a. Report on a
water pollution survey of the City of Oshawa.
Toronto, Ontario. Unnumbered.
During May, 1970, a water pollution survey was made in
the City of Oshawa, located on the north shore of Lake
Ontario 32 miles east of Toronto; the purpose of the
survey being to review the water quality of the drainage
courses in the Oshawa area and to locate potential and
existing sources of pollution which could adversely
affect the ground and surface water quality. The bacter-
iological examinations utilized the membrane filter
technique to obtain a direct count of coliform organisms
and included in a table is the data on total and fecal
coliform counts.
465. Ontario Water Resources Commission. 1970b. Water
pollution survey of the Village of Newburgh, County
of Lennox and Addington. Toronto, Ontario.
Unnumbered.
Information on the nature of water pollution in the
Village of Newburgh and the need for its prevention and
control is provided in this report. The quality of water
in the Napanee River and streams flowing into the river
around Newburgh was assessed. Bacteriological and
chemical samples were collected each year at 8 stations
shown in the appendix since 1965 and the coliform bacteria
count was determined using the Most Probably Number (MPN)
and the Membrane Filter Methods. Results show that the
total coliform populations were relatively low whereas
the fecal coliforms were above the number expected. The
overall results over the years, however, were generally
satisfactory.
Orban, Edward - See: Willis L. Tressler, No. 559.
Osmond, D. S. - See: M. G. Johnson, No. 299.
•
Owen, G. E. - See: M. G. Johnson, No. 300, 301.
Owen, G. E. - See: John H. Neil, No. 39^.
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466. Parker, Arthur C. 1925. Black skimmer on Lake Ontario.
The Auk. 42: 441.
A short note on the observation of a black skimmer
(Re/nahop* *u.ge*) on Lake Ontario near Rochester on
September 15, 1924.
Pasko, Donald - See: U. B. Stone, No. 545.
Pasko, Donald - See: Dwight A. Webster, No. 5&0.
467. Pasko, Donald. 1956. Lake Ontario lake trout. NYS
Conservationist. 10(4): 16-17.
The lake trout in Lake Ontario waters have been on the
decline since the 1930's. Both sport and commercial
laketrout catches were large. In l8?9 a record catch of
569,700 Ibs. were caught in U. S. waters along, however,
recently they have fallen to a very low level. The
available Information does not lead to the conclusion
that overfishing is the sole factor in the decline. The
lamprey has been accused decimating the lake trout but
the lamprey was present in Lake Ontario for many years,
even when the fishing was at its maximum. The smelt may
be another factor influencing the lake trout. Smelt may
be eating the young lake trout fry. The common eel has
also been accused of this. A program of lake trout plant-
ings with fin tagged fry was conducted. Experimental
netting by the conservation department Indicated that
survival is good with a rapid growth rate. The lake
trout recoveries have Indicated a wide ranging. All
the information is presented on a map. Further studies
on the lake trout survival growth and movements by use
of tagged fish is encouraged.
468. Patalas, K. 1969. Composition and horizontal distribu-
tion of crustacean plankton in Lake Ontario. Journal
Pish. Research Board Canada. 26: 2135-2164.
The horizontal distribution of planktonlc crustaceans
was determined in Lake Ontario at monthly intervals
from June to October 1967, based on net hauls from 50
to 0 m at 32-62 stations. Most species appeared in the
collections during June-July in the eastern part of the
lake with abundance patterns later moving westward, con-
trary to the general movement of wind and water. At the
time of maximal population density, there was a strong
positive correlation between zooplankton abundance and
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heat content of the x^ater column from 0 to 25 m. Upwell-
ing was responsible for low numbers of zooplankters along
the northwestern shore. Flow from the Niagara River was
associated with increased abundance of zooplankters in
spring and summer, but decreased abundance in autumn.
Temperature and depth of the epllimnion as influenced by
the general direction of wind motion were key factors in
understanding the zooplanktonic community of Lake Ontario.
469. Patalas, K. 1971. The comparison of crustacean plankton
communities of seven North American Great Lakes.
Abstract of paper presented at 14th Conference Great
Lakes Research. Toronto, Ontario. April 19-21,
1971. pp. 109-110.
A series of vertical hauls were taken during July and
August 1967-68 on Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Superior,
Winnipeg, Great Slave and Great Bear to characterize
their summer plankton communities.
In the Erie and Ontario communities, an intermediate
number of species (11-18) was found with cyclopoids
and cladocerans dominating.
470. Payne, N. R. 1964. The life history of the walleye,
St
-------
Perkins, R. B. - See: B. G. H. Johnson, No. 297.
472. Piersol, W. H. 1913. XVIII. Amphibia. In: Paull, J.
H. (Ed.). The Natural History of the Toronto region,
Ontario. Canadian Institute, Toronto, pp. 242-248.
Contains a comprehensive list of amphibia known to occur
in the vicinity of Toronto at that time. A total of 19
species are reported. (Toronto-Royal Ontario Museum).
Pope, T. E. B. - See: Carl L. Hubbs, No. 266.
Popplow, J. - See: B. J. Dutka, No. 141, 142.
Power, E. A. - See: A. W. Anderson, No. 5.
Power, G. - See: A. N. Sheri, No. 513, 514, 515, 516.
4?3. Powers, Charles P. and Andrew Robertson. 1966. The
aging Great Lakes. Scientific American. 215(5):
94-100, 102, 104.
The five Great Lakes in the heartland of North America
constitute the greatest reservoir of fresh water on the
surface of the earth. Like all other lakes, they are
subject to physical and biological processes that will
eventually result in their extinction. The Great Lakes
are comparatively young and their natural aging would
not be a cause for present concern since the natural
processes proceed at the slow pace of the geological time
scale. The aping of these lakes is now being accelerated
tremendously, however, by man's activities.
Pritchard, Andrew L. - See: J. R. Dymond, No. 149.
474. Pritchard, Andrew L. 1928. A preliminary study of the
genus Le.u.c.4,c.htky& in the Canadian waters of Lake
Ontario. Univ. of Toronto Studies, Biological
Series No. 31. pp. 7-25. (Publications of the
Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory, No. 32).
The freshwater fishes of the genus Le.uc.
-------
L. le^fm/uU 250 feet, t. houi 275 feet, I. k-tj^c. 400
feet to deeper.
The species differ in the quality of their flesh, the
fisherman dividing them into herrings and ciscoes.
Ciscoes are deep water fish with fat or oily flesh and
include L. x.e
-------
Because In most lakes , there are several species , each
differing from the others In such respects as habit,
habitat, size attained, quality of flesh and time of
spawning, an understanding of the steps necessary for
their protection is more difficult then in the case of
many other fishes. The studies reported in the present
paper had as their object the discovery of such infor-
mation for the species of this group in Lake Ontario.
Included in the paper is the history of the ciscoe
fishery, description of the different species, origin
of the Lake Ontario ciscoes, food studies, spawning
characteristics, parasites and enemies of the ciscoe.
477. Pritchard, Andrew L. 1931b. Spanrnlng habits and fry
of the cisco (Le.u.ch
-------
479. Radforth, Isobel. 1941. Some consideration on the
distribution of fishes in Ontario. Univ. of
Toronto, M. A. Thesis, Dept. of Zoology. 119 p.
This paper attempts to describe the distribution and
offer feasible explanations for the dispersal of Ontario
fishes. Included are distributional maps for 42 species,
31 of which occur in Lake Ontario.
It was found that for the most part, the species of
Ontario fishes may be placed in groups depending on the
nature of their occurrence in Ontario waters. Several
of these groups, as well as some individual distribu-
tional problems are discussed. (Univ. of Toronto,
Zoology Library).
Rand, Myrton C. - See: Daniel P. Jackson, No. 293.
'480. Raney, Edward C. 1947. Subspecies and breeding behavior
of the cyprinid fish, Notnopio p*oc«e (Cape).
Copeia. 2: 103-109.
The northern swallovrtail shiner, Not-top^U p/iocue p/cocne.
(Cape) is a small species that apparently reaches its
northern limit in Catherine Creek, in the Lake Ontario
drainage system. It is also found in the Delaware and
Susquehanna of New York and ranges southward in Atlantic
Coast streams.
A key to the subspecies appears in the article with which
the author examines the subspecies throughout the range
described above. The paper also includes a discussion
on sexual disnorphisma, breeding behavior and the life cf
the fish.
481. Raney, Edward C. and Ernest A. Lachner. 1943. Age and
growth of Johnny darters, ftotto&oma. nigtiuim otmAtzdi,
(Storer) and Bo^co^ome tangi-manum (Jordan).
American Midland Naturalist. 29(1): 229-238.
In this study, the scale method was used to elucidate
some of the main features of the life histories of two
species of small percid fishes - Bo£eoAome n4.gfiu.rn olm-
4*ecU and 8o£e
-------
Determination of age, longevity and growth rates are
discussed.
482. Rathbun, Richard. 1895. Report upon the inquiry
respecting food-fishes and the fishing grounds.
U. S. Commission Fish and Fisheries. Report for
1893. Part 19. pp. 17-51.
Included in this article is a section on the "mortality
among alewives, Lake Ontario." The mortality that occurs
among the alewives in Lake Ontario during every spring
and summer is discussed. Examination of the diseased
fish revealed a patch of Sap;iote.gn.
-------
In studying the relation of the plant of whitefish fry
to the catch it is found that, in general, in those
lakes or parts of lakes where there has been a large and
intensive plant of whitefish fry (30,000 sq.mi.) there
has been a correlated increase in the catch of whitefish
(7255); in those lakes or parts of lakes in which there
has been a moderate plant of whitefish fry (10,000 sq.mi.)
there has been a slight Increase in the catch of whitefish
or the catch has remained nearly constant; in those lakes
in which there has been a small plant of whitefish fry
(2,000/sq.mi.) or no plant, there has been a reduction in
the catch of whitefish (26%).
The effect of legislation on whitefish production is
discussed and conclusions drawn.
484. Reineche, Ottomar. 1912. Personal observations and
notes on breeding, migrant or visiting birds on
the Niagara Frontier. Bulletin Buffalo Society
Natural Science. 10: 513-546.
Included is a list with notes on observations and dis-
tribution of birds in Western New York, including
water birds in the Niagara River.
485. Reinward, Jerry F. 1969. Planktonic diatoms of Lake
Ontario. Technical Report # 14, Great Lakes Fishery-
Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 19-26.
The major species of diatoms In surface collections from
Lake-Ontario in September, 1964 were Aa.te/u.one££a {o/unaia,
Ttia.g4.la.x.£a cnotoYitni> and ta.bttla.iUA ^ne.&tn.a.ta.. The
diatom flora in surface collections varied among several
stations in the eastern end of the lake.
Comparisons for laketvide diatom populations were made
according to three strata of water: "surface" included
all samples to a depth of 5 meters; "intermediate"
which included samples from 9-45 meters; and "bottom"
which Included collections from 90-220 meters. Diatoms
were examined at 970X with oil immersion lens and counted
by a row 159 u wide across a coverslip.
Diatom numbers were low throughout the lake during
September 8-18, 1964. Highest counts in collections
occurred at intermediate depths. Diatoms were generally
more abundant near the shore.
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486. Robertson, A. D. 1913. XXI. Mollusca. In: Paull,
J. H. (Ed.). The Natural History of the Toronto
Region, Ontario. Canadian Institute, Toronto.
pp. 288-29^.
Contains a list of 75 species of mollusks which occur
in the vicinity of Toronto. (Toronto-Royal Ontario
Museum).
Robertson, Andrew - See: Sharon C. Czaika, No. 128.
Robertson, Andrew - See: Charles P. Powers, No. 473.
487. Robertson, Andrew. 1966, The distribution of Calanoid
copepods in the Great Lakes. Univ. of Michigan,
Great Lakes Research Division. Proceedings 9th
Conference, Great Lakes Research. Pub. 15: 129-139.
The geographical distribution of the ten calanold copepods
in the Great Lakes has been studied through a synthesis of
the previously published identifications with a limited
number of original determinations. Six species, VLc.JitJit> and L. mac*u*u4 are more
abundant in the northern lakes; the inverse is true of
V. O4.egonen4.c6. The relative abundances of diaptomids
in Lake Michigan in 1964, in Lake Michigan in 1954-55 and
in Lake Erie in 1956-57 were compared. This showed that
V. 0'ie.gone.n&4.A was relatively more abundant in Lake Erie
in 1956-57 and P. Aicitj.* in Lake Michigan in 1954-55.
The season of maximum abundance of a species was generally
earlier in Lake Erie in 1956-57 than in Lake Michigan in
1954-55. The conditions in Lake Michigan in 1964 were
intermediate in both these respects.
488. Robertson, Imogene C. S. and C. L. Blaheslee. 19'48. The
mollusca of the Niagara Frontier region and adjacent
territory. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of
Natural Sciences. 19(3): 185.
A systematic account of the species of mollusca of the
Niagara Frontier Region is listed including species of
Lake Ontario and the Niagara River. The list is compiled
from records of collections made between 1936 and 1946
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and supplemented by records from earlier research and
records. Descriptions of the mollusca, areas collected
and photographs of the shells are included.
489. Robson, John T. l8?8. California salmon in Lake Ontario.
Forest and Stream. 10: 482.
This is an account of the evidence of the success of
Wilmots experiment involving the introduction of the
California salmon ($a£mo quJ.nna.t) in Lake Ontario. A
description of two salmon which were taken near New
Castle, Ontario is included.
490. Rodd, J. A. 1919. Cooperation. Canadian Fisherman.
6(4): 103-104.
This article is an address by J. R. Rodd, Dominion
Superintendent of Hatcheries, Ottawa delivered to the
Lake Erie Fisherman's Association. It mentions that
the season of 1918 was successful from the standpoint
of cooperation, good prices and the amount of fish
produced.
With reference to Lake Ontario the collection of white-
fish eggs amounted to 148,990,000 in 1917 and 171,800,000
in 1918 for the Bay of Quinte area. (Univ. of Toronto
Main Library).
491. Rodd, J. A. 1929. Fish hatcheries are worth while.
Canadian Fisherman. 16(7): 19, 31.
Cites the fish cultural problems receiving the attention
of the scientific division and the progress being made.
The only mention of Lake Ontario is concerning the
Investigation into the life history of the ciscoes of
Lake Ontario, including their natural habitat, food,
growth, etc. (Univ. of Toronto Main Library).
492. Rodd, J. A. 1934. Report of the Committee on Foreign
Relations. Transactions American Fish. Society.
64: 20-23.
Some of the treaties and agreements between the United
States and other countries concerning fisheries in the
boundary waters are discussed. In the discussion, an
agreement concerning Lake Ontario between New York
State and the Province of Ontario was mentioned in
relation to other agreements concerning the Great Lakes
and other boundary waters.
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493. Rodgers, G. K. 1963. Lake Ontario data report, I960.
Great Lakes Institute, Univ. of Toronto. PR10: 18.
The C.M.S. Porte Dauphlne cruised the Great Lakes obtain-
ing llmnological, meteorological data and also information
on the number of collform bacteria. This contaminant has
public health and water usage significance. (Canada
Centre for Inland Waters).
Roecher, Robert M. - See: U. B. Stone, No. 5^5.
U94. Rolan, R. G. 1970a. The phytoplankton, phytobenthos
and phytoperiphyton of the Great Lakes. Contribution
to the Great Lakes Basin Commission's Framework
Studies, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 91 p. (Unpublished).
The Great Lakes flora discussed in this paper Include the
phytoplankton, phytobenthos and the phytoperiphyton only.
The terrestrial and semi-terrestrial plants of the region
are not Included. Factors taken up in the paper include
algae blooms, floral gradients in the Great Lakes, trophic
relations, seasonal changes in the algae and factors which
control the growth and abundance of algae.
495. Rolan, R. G. 1970b. The zooplankton, zoobenthos and
perlphytic invertebrates of the Great Lakes. Con-
tribution to the Great Lakes Basin Commission's
Framework Studies, Ann Arbor, Michigan, p. 283.
(Unpublished).
The zooplankton and zoobenthos of the Great Lakes are of
interest to planners and policy makers primarily as
indicators of environmental quality and as intermediate
members of aquatic food webs upon which fisheries and
many waterfowl depend. The literature on the inverte-
brates of the Great Lakes is extensive, but this review
reveals numerous and rather significant gaps of knowledge.
This paper deals with the components of the fauna; the
use of zooplankton and zoobenthos as indi-cators of envir-
onmental conditions in the lakes; feeding and reproduction
and seasonal patterns in population fluctuations.
496. Saunders, George W. 1964. Studies of primary productivity
in the Great Lakes. Univ. of Michigan, Great Lakes
Research Division. Proceedings 7th Conference Great
Lakes Research. Pub. 11: 122-129.
Data concerning photoysnthesis in the Great Lakes are
very scanty. There have been only two research programs
which have dealt directly with photosynthesis in the
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Great Lakes. One of these programs attempted to gain some
insight as to the distribution of photosynthesis in west-
ern Lake Erie. The other program attempted to develop
and evaluate a shipboard method for estimating photosyn-
thesis. Some additional inference concerning photosyn-
thesis can be made using known concentrations of
chlorophyll to calculate photosynthesis are very broad
and therefore interpretation is somewhat tenuous. When
results for calculated photosynthesis using all methods
are compared, two points are apparent: (1) the range of
photosynthetlc activity in all lakes is very large and
(2) western Lake Erie is very different from the other
Great Lakes. It is more productive than many smaller
lakes which are considered to be highly productive.
The Great Lakes are Important as a natural resource and
as basins in which controlled experiments can be performed.
Perhaps the very paucity of data indicates the exciting
future which lies ahead for those individuals who study
photosynthesis and other biotlc events In these large
lakes.
497. Scadding, Henry. 1873. Toronto of old: Collections and
recollections illustrative of the early settlement
and social life of the capital of Ontario. Adam,
Stevenson and Co., Toronto. 59^ p.
A general description of the history of Toronto. Included
is mention of plentiful salmon for spearing in the streams
and the large numbers of waterfowl present in the Toronto
Harbor at its founding.
498. Schenk, C. F. and R. E. Thompson. 1965- Long-term
changes in water chemistry and abundance of plankton
at a single sampling location in Lake Ontario. Univ.
of Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division. Pro-
ceedings 8th Conference Great Lakes Research.
Pub. 13: 197-208.
Evaluation of data accumulated at the Toronto Island
Filtration Plant from 1923 to 1954 indicated that the
level of plankton approximately doubled during this
period. Coincldentally, increasing levels of free ammonia,
chlorides, hardness and turbidity were experienced and
these continued to increase up to 1964. Turbidity levels
and concentrations of free ammonia in the "raw" water were
substantially greater than results obtained farther out in
the lake. The mean increase of plankton was computed at
5.6 areal standard units per annum. Well-defined spring
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maximum and winter minimum populations were apparent nearly
every year, but fall maxima developed inconsistently and
were characterized by lower levels of abundance than the
spring pulses.
Schroder, G. D. - See: M. W. Penlon, No. 165.
Scott, W. B. 1956. The smelt in Ontario. Division of
Zoology and Paleontology, Royal Ontario Museum,
Toronto. 7 p. (Unpublished).
Contains a brief discussion of the smelt in the lakes
of the Province of Ontario including information on the
spread of smelt through the Great Lakes, food, methods
used for capture and economic importance. (Univ. of
Toronto, Zoology Library).
500. Scott, W. B. and W. J. Christie. 1963. The invasion of
the lower Great Lakes by the white perch, RoccaA
ameA..tcanuA (Gmelin). Journal Fisheries Research
Board Canada. 20(5): 1189-1195-
ROCCUA ame/L-ccawu^ (Gmelin) has become part of the Lake
Ontario - St. Lawrence River fauna, originating from
populations In Upper New York State. The time required
for the species to spread through the lower Great Lakes
is discussed and summarized. A review of the morphological
distinctions of related species is included.
501. Scudder, Charles W. 1896. List of publications of the
United States Commission of Pish and Fisheries from
its establishment in February, 1871 to February,
1896. U. S. Commission Fish and Fisheries, Report
for 1894. Part 20, App. 10: 617-706.
The above is an index of the publications of the United
States Commission of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1876.
The index is divided according to "Annual Reports,"
"Bulletins," and "Fishery Industries of the U. S." The
list of papers published are indexed according to author
and subject.
502. Seeber, E. L. 19^9. Observations on American brant along
the Niagara River. Prothonotary, 15(11): 71.
This ppper is a short account of the observation of an
American Black Brant CBn.an.ta. ge.fi.n
-------
503. Seeber, E. L. 1950. Black headed gull. Prothonotary.
16(1): 5-6.
A short description of the observations of an immature
black headed gull on December 26, 1949 on the Niagara
River.
504. Seeber, E, L. 1951. Ontario-North of the Falls, Pro-
thonotary. 17(8): 49.
A list of waterfowl observation points along the Ontario
side of the Niagara River and Lake Ontario is presented.
Senning, W. C. - See: C. W. Greene, No. 221.
505. Senning, W. C. 19*10. A biological survey of the Lake
Ontario watershed. IV. Lake and ponds above the
Lake Ontario lake level. New York State Conservation
Dept., Supplemental to 29th Annual Report for 1939.
Biological Survey, np. 98-116.
Studies were made in 69 lakes and ponds in the Lake Ontario
drainage. This number includes all the lakes and ponds of
any importance op-en to public fishing. There are rela-
tively few natural ponds in the area. Artificial quarry
ponds provide the major pond fishing west of Rochester.
Each survey study comprised a chemical analyses of the
water, a census of fish species, lake soundings and
temperature readings, and miscellaneous observations on
spaximing areas, forage, vegetation, types of bottom,
success of past stocking and fishing history. Based on
the data compiled, a stocking policy believed to be con-
sistent with existing conditions has been formulated.
Excepting the reservoirs in the Salmon River, there is
little trout water in the ponds of the area. The pond
studies Indicate that, except in a few instances, natural
spawning is adequate for the warm-water species and little
stocking is necessary. In general, the forage problem is
not acute. Only in a few, mainly in the quarry ponds, is
forage Inadequate. The outstanding limiting factor in
game fish production appears to be the chemical nature of
the water. Only a few ponds had sufficient oxygen in the
deeper waters to support fish life. There is a need for
basic studies directed toward solving problems not of a
stocking nature since Increased stocking is obviously not
the solution of all lake and pond ills.
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506. Sheppard, R. W. 1937a. Popster's tern on the Niagara
River. The Auk. 54: 205-206.
While traveling along the Niagara River Boulevard on
October 19, 1936, the author sighted about 12 tern in
several small scattered parties.
507. Sheppard, R. W. 1937b. The American eider on the Niagara
River. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 51: 59.
On November 21, 1936, a young male American Eider
(Somcute/Ua mol4.664.ma. dte44e*>t) was taken off the south
end of Navy Island about midway in the channel between
that island and the Canadian shore by a hunter. It was
one of three that had been in the area.
508. Sheppard, R. W. 1937c. The American egret at the
eastern end of the Niagara peninsula. Canadian
Field Naturalist. 51: 125-126.
While visiting a measuring weir on a feeder waterway
close to the Welland ship canal at Allanburg on July
27, 1937, the writer observed seven American Egrets
(CtUfne/iocUui a.lbu.6 tgntta Gmelin).
509. Sheppard, R. W. 19^5. Water birds of the Niagara. A
history and list of aquatic bird-life on the Niagara
River. Canadian Field Naturalist. 59(5): 151-169.
Included in this study is a review of the literature of
the aquatic bird life in the Niagara River. A list of
waterfowl and shorebirds of species found in the Niagara
River covering seasonal occurrence, distribution and
observations and general notes is presented.
510. Sheppard, R. W. 1951. The Athabaska Canada Goose on the
Niagara River. Canadian Field Naturalist. 65:
A flock of geese comprising 23 Canada Geese, &tan.£a
canaden4>U subsp. and one adult Blue Goose, Chew
coe/t.u££.6c.eir6 was sighted on March 17, 1950 near the
point which was formerly the mouth of the Welland River.
511. Sheppard, R. W. , W. E. Hurlburt and G. H. Dickson. 1936a.
A preliminary list of the birds of Lincoln and
Welland Counties, Ontario. Canadian Field Naturalist
50(6): 95-103.
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Presented here is an annotated list of birds from these
Niagara peninsula counties. Included are reports on
waterfowl observed in the Niagara River and Lake Ontario.
Areas of distribution locally for these species is noted.
512. Sheppard, R. W. , W. E. Hurlburt and G. H. Dickson. 1936b.
A preliminary list of the birds of Lincoln and
Welland Counties, Ontario. Canadian Field Naturalist.
50(8): 131-1110.
This report is a continuation of the report in Canadian
Field Naturalist 50(6). Presented here is an annotated
list of bird species found in Lincoln and Welland
Counties. Included is information on the gulls and terns
observed in the Niagara River and Lake Ontario. Notes on
abundance and distribution are included.
513. Sheri, A. N. and G. Power. 1968, Reproduction of white
perch, ROCC.U& ame/i-ccanua, in the Bay of Quinte,
Lake Ontario. Journal Fisheries Research Board
Canada. 25(10): 2225-2231.
This note reports on the age and size at maturity, sex
ratios, spawning season and fecundity of white perch
ROCCUA ameAu-canuA, inhabiting the Bay of Quinte area of
Lake Ontario.
Results show that the reproductive performance of white
perch in the Bay of Quinte is similar to that elsewhere
In the range.
514. Sheri, A. N. and G. Power. 1969a. Fecundity of the
yellow perch, Pe-tca fj£aue^cen4 Mitchell, in the
Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Canadian Journal
Zoology. 47(1): 55-58.
The relationships between the logarithm of the number of
ova shed by yellow perch in the Bay of Quinte and length,
weight and age of the fish were found to be: Y « 2.892 +
0.00? X where X is length in millimeters; Y = 3.769 +
0.004 X where X is weight in grams; Y = 3-780 + 0,098 X
where X Is the age in completed years. The logarithm of
the number of mature ova spaxroed * 4.082 + 0.003 multi-
plied by the ovary weight in grams. Individual fecundity
ranged from 3035 for a II+flsh, 135 mm, 27.2g to 6l 465
for a VHI+fish, 257 mm, 308.4g.
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515. Sheri, A. N. and G. Power. 1969b. Ammulus formation on
scales of the white perch, Mo-tone ame.>i
-------
and the salmon was extinct by 1900. Scale analysis
indicated these salmon were landlocked and never went
to sea. The next fish species to be utilized were the
ciscoes and lake trout. The bloater, a deep water clsco,
was extensively fished from 1875-1895, and is now extinct.
Presently, the fishery industry is supported by about a
dozen species consisting principally of blue pike, cisco,
whitefish and yellow perch. The principal fishing ports
are Youngstown, Wilson, Sodus Point, Oswego, Selkirk
and Cape Vincent. In Chaumcnt Bay, an interesting
specialized fishery has grown up employing mostly small
trap nets in which a large quantity of bullheads, eels,
suckers, carp, sunflsh, and perch are taken. It is
thought the removal of these fish helps the black bass
sport fishery by removing the fish competing for its
food. The principal method of commercial fishing is the
use of the gill net. The sport fishing in Lake Ontario
is comprized mainly of black bass, yellow perch and blue
walleye. In the bays, walleye, northern pike and pan
fishes are important.
519. Smith, Hugh M. 1892. Report on an investigation of the
fisheries of Lake Ontario. Bulletin U. S. Fish
Commission for 1890. 10(Art. 6): 177-215 + plates.
The information presented includes a brief account of the
physical characteristics of the lake as far as they may
have an influence on the fish and fisheries; statistics
shoiNrlng the extent of the commercial fisheries in each
county on the lake, with a consideration of the present
and past importance of the lake fisheries; an exhibition
of the extent of the import trade in Canadian fish, with
a discussion of the same; remarks on certain fishes of
economic importance; and a suggestion of the steps
necessary for the improvement of the fisheries.
The principal'commercial fishes of Lake Ontario are
discussed primarily from an economic standpoint, although
some information concerning their habits and movements is
introduced which is thought to add something to the
knowledge of the fish life of the lake. Approximately
26 species are discussed.
520. Smith, Hugh M. 1895. Notes on two hitherto unrecognized
species of American whitefishes. Bulletin U. S.
Fish Commission for 189^- 1**: 1-13.
-187-
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Within this article is a section entitled "Notes on the
natural history and economic value of Co/iegonnA p/iogna.tku.4,
with special reference to Lake Ontario. The notes are
based on original observations and inquiries on the habits
and importance of this fish. A discussion of the common
names, length, weight, bathymetrical migration, spawning
and food habits is given. Regarding the economic value,
the approximate yield of this fish in 1891 was 250,000
pounds with a value of $8,100. In comparison, catch of
the regular whitefish was 15,000 pounds with a value of
$7,000,
521. Smith, Hugh M. 1896. Report of the Division of
Statistics and Methods of the fisheries. U. S.
Commission of Pish and Fisheries. Commission Report
for 1895- PP. 93-103.
This report describes the extent of the fisheries of the
Great Lakes. It also includes comparative statistics
of the Great Lakes fisheries for the year i860, 1885,
1889 and 1893. In Lake Ontario, in 1893, the condition
of the fisheries was very poor. A marked decrease occurrec.
in every Important fish. The most important reason for
this decline has been the depletion of the lake's fishery
resources.
r>22. Smith, Hugh M. 1907. Our fish Immigrants. National
Geographic. 18(6): 385-^00, 4 plates.
A discussion of the transplanting of native aquatic
animals into waters in which they are not indigenous and
the Introduction of fishes of foreign countries into the
U. S. is presented.
With reference to Lake Ontario, a case of accidental or
unintentional acclimatization is that of the alewife
which found its way from the Delaware and Hudson River
into Lake Ontario and became excessively abundant. It
Is a stunted race of seemingly no economical value and
Is also subject ta periodic kills which pile on the
shores and pollute the water.
In 1771 the colony of New York considered transplanting
salmon from Lake Ontario or neighboring rivers to the
Hudson but did not go through with it. Carp is dis-
cussed In the Great Lakes but no specific mention is
given to Lake Ontario.
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523. Smith, Hugh M. and M. M. Snell, 1891. U. S. Commission
Pish and Fisheries. Commission Report for 1887,
Part 15. pp. 296-328.
This report for the year 188? includes a general descrip
tion of the lake, the histroy and present condition of
the lake, a list of localities where assorted nets are
used, a description of the men who are fishermen and a
list of the fish that are caught in the lake. The fish
trade is also discussed with a general statistical
summary of the persons employed in the fisheries of Lake
Ontario in 1885 (by counties). Also described are the
various nets which are employed and the type of fish
caught in them compiled in tables according to county.
Also included are descriptions of the shore character-
istics and the fishing in the counties which border the
lake on the American side.
52/4. Smith, Lester, 1936. Observations on natural versus
artificial propagation of commercial species of
fish in the Great Lakes Region. Transactions
American Pish. Society. 66: 56-62.
Presented here is a comparison of artificial versus
natural propagation of commercial fish species in the
Great Lakes . As a means of continued high commercial
catches, the author defends the idea of artificial
supplementing of the natural stocks and his reasons
are listed. (Canada Centre for Inland Waters).
Smith, Standord H. 1956. Limnological surveys of the
Great Lakes - early and recent. Transactions
American Pish. Society. 23:
Early explorations on the Great Lakes vrere concerned
largely with things easily collected or observed - common
organisms, water levels, surface temperatures... Even
when more scientific studies were undertaken, they were
at first scattered and small-scale. Effective surveys
became possible only through inter-agency cooperation
which permits a pooling of facilities, staff and equip-
ment. Expansion of limnological research on the Great
Lakes has^ been reaped in later years and the outlook for
the future is good.
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526. Smith, Stanford H. 1968a. That little pest the alewife.
Llmnos. 1(2): 12-20.
The alewife is a fairly recent Introduction and has
become a serious problem in some of the Great Lakes.
When the large native predators were reduced almost to
extinction in the lakes, the alewife reproduced at almost
unbelievable swiftness resulting in huge numbers of this
single species; alewives were probably controlled by the
large predators. Alewives commonly have massive die offs
in the spring and many theories have been put forth to
explain this. They include the idea that the alewife has
difficulty with temperature changes and adjustment result-
ing in death. Other ideas include thyroid deficiency,
toxins from blue green algae, starvation and fungus
infections. The life cycle of the alewife is discussed.
Lake Ontario is used as an example of what happens to a
lake long dominated by the alewife. The present alewife
fishery along with means of controlling alewife populations
is presented. The need for research into the alewife pro-
blem and rehabilitation to lakes infested by it are
discussed. The alewifes life cycle and general seasonal
movements are presented.
527. Smith, Stanford H. 1968b. Species succession and
fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes. Journal
Fisheries Research Board Canada. 25(4): 667-693.
The species composition of fish in the Great Lakes has
undergone continual change since the earliest records.
Some changes were caused by enrichment of the environ-
ment, but others primarily by an intensive and selective
fishery for certain species. Major changes related to
the fishery were less frequent before the late 1930fs
than in recent years and involved few species. The
successive collapses of various stocks after periods of
stable production may give some indication of their
sustained yield. Fish stocks are in a state of extreme
instability In Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron. Careful
stocking programs and fisheries and coordination of
management among the various states of the United States
and the Province of Canada (Ontario) which manage the
fish stocks, will be required to restore and maintain a
useful fishery balance.
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528. Smith, Stanford H. 1969. Environmental changes in the
fisheries of the Great Lakes region. In: A. Dean,
S. P. Hart, J,A. Jones (Ed.). Proceedings of the
Conversation in the Discipline of the Economic and
Social Impact of Environmental Changes in the Great
Lakes Region. State University College, Fredonia,
New York. pp. 9-35.
During a period of little more than a century, the Great
Lakes fish populations have changed from a mature stage of
ecological succession characterized by high stability and
productivity to a system characteristic of a very early
stage of succession that is unstable, inefficient and
unproductive. In the thousands of years that followed,
glacial retreat from the Great Lakes region an interacting
system of fish species developed and became abundant in all
ecological niches of the lakes. Under the present system
there are few dominant species and poorly organized fish
communities in which many niches are incompletely occupied.
The ecological conditions of the lakes are changing at an
increasing rapid pace. Native fish that become adapted
to the lakes over thousands of years could not accommodate
to the change, and in the lower lakes where water quality
has been affected the most, all of the previously abundant
and desirable species have been greatly reduced and some
have vanished. Now the yellow perch, smelt and white bass
which were once classified as second or third rate specier
support the troubled fishery and sheepshead, carp and gold-
fish dominate the lake and its bays.
The paper includes the changes in the Great Lakes fishery
from 1873 to present. Fish populations mentioned are:
salmon, trout, whitefish, lake herring, blue pike, sauger,
walleye, alewlves, yellow perch, American smelt, lake
sturgeon, chuls and burbots.
529, Smith, Stanford, S. H. 1970a. Trends in fishery manage-
ment of the Great Lakes. Transactions Americah Pish.
Society. Special Publication 7(W: 107-112*.
Some hope is returning for recovery of the fish stocks
of the Great Lakes, which have been outstanding examples
of abuse. The lakes and the fish in them have been under
complete Jurisdiction of sovereign nations, but ironically
this control has not prevented their decadence. Although
fishery managers representing the states and province havo
at various times agreed upon and fastered Joint management
plans, at no time have legislatures acted in unison to
permit compatible management.
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530. Smith, Stanford H. 1970b. Species interactions of the
alewlfe in ttie Great Lakes. Transactions American
Pish. Society. 99(4): 75^-764.
The alewife (ktoba. pAeudofea-tenguA) has caused serious
problems in the Great Lakes for almost 100 years. It
entered Lake Ontario in abundance via the Erie Canal
during the l860's when major piscivores were declining,
and became the dominant species in the lake during the
I870fs. The alewife subsequently spread throughout the
Great Lakes and became the dominant species in Lakes
Huron and Michigan. In lakes where it became extremely
abundant, the shallow-water planktivores declined in the
first decade after alewife establishment, the minor
piscivores increased then declined the second decade,
and the deep-water planktovores declined in the third
decade. The consequence has been a general reduction of
the alewife and restoration of an interacting complex of
deep and shallow water forage species , and minor and
major prscivores, either by re-establishing species
affected by the alewife, or by the introduction of new
species that can thrive under the new ecological conditions
of the lakes.
Snell, M. M. - See: H. M. Smith, No. 523.
*.:?!. Snyder, J. P. 1932. Tagged smallmouth black bass in
Lake Ontario, New York. Transactions American Pish.
Society. 62 : 380-381.
In early July, 1931, at the newly completed bass ponds at
the Cape Vincent station, N.Y., 150 bass were tagged beforr-
being released. The tags were fastened to the upper, thick
portion of the gill cover. Nineteen fish reported to hav-5
been caught by fishermen. This was repeated again using
oass , brook trout .
(3;.-. Snyder, Richard C. 19^9. Vertebral counts in four
species of suckers (Ca.to4tom*ida.e.} . Copeia. No. 1:
62-65.
Vertebral counts were made on Hype.nti£cg/tccanA (LaSueur) to determine the degree
of differentiation that exists, if any, and to discover
whether or not the reduction in number of scales of H.
A.oanofee»ue Is paralleled by a reduction in vertebral
number. Similar counts were made on Ca.to&tom(L!> c,.
comme./t&onn-C't (Lacepede), since these species also differ
In scale counts, the latter having the smaller number in
'che lateral line.
-192-
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The specimens used in this study were collected from the
following localities: the 1G3 H«/pen£e£
-------
536. Speirs, J. Murray. 1955. Great Lakes Research Committee
Progress Report for July, 1955. Toronto, Ontario.
33 p.
Presented In this paper are the results of biological
investigation on the Great Lakes by the Great Lakes
Committee. Concerning Lake Ontario, W. J. Christie reported
results of tagging operations and recaptures. Gill netting
for July produced only eight whitefish, many alewives and
smelt. Commercial whitefish catches were samples. Results
of investigations on the sea lamprey scar data showed an
Increase in scars and lampreys from 1951* to 1955 on white-
fish. Fifty-eight percent of lake trout sampled had fresh
sea lamprey scars. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
Sreenlvase, M. R. - See: H. C. Duthie, No. 137.
537- Sreenivasa, M. R. and H. C. Duthie. 1971. The identity
of some diatoms common in the upper sediments of
Lake Ontario. Abstract of paper presented at the
14th Conference Great Lakes Research, Toronto,
Ontario. April 19-21, 1971. Pp. 121-122.
Descriptions and measurements of diatoms from the upper
sediments of Lake Ontario are given.
St. Remy, Nannette de - See: G. C. Toner, No. 555.
r°8. Stimpson, William. 1870. On the deep-water fauna of
Lake Michigan. American Naturalist. *!(?): 403-4G5.
A look at the plants and animals living at the bottom
of Lake Michigan. Contains a note on the occurrence of
Mt/A.06 at Kingston, the highest point in the valley at
which such shells have been found.
Stone, Frederick L. 19^7. Notes on two darters of the
genus Bo£eo4oma. Copeia. No. 2: 92-96.
Two currently recognized subspecies of darters, Bote.o&om~.
ni-gjiun n-cg/ium (Storer) and 8. Nigtium otm6te.d'i (Rafinesque)
have geographical ranges that overlap along the south
shores of Lake Ontario and both forms are reported in the
Allegheny-Chemung drainage. That the two groups should
continue to be recognized as subspecies of a single
species is somewhat dubious. Their ranges are compatible
with their present status, but clear evidence of intergra-
datlon in their zone of overlap is lacking. Diagnostic
key characters are examined by which specimens in the
ranges of overlap can be readily assigned to one or the
ctli.3;." subspecies.
-194-
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540. Stone, Frederick L. 1948. A study of the taxonomy of
the blue and yellow pikeperches (S^txlzoAted^on) of
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, Univ. of Rochester,
Ph.D. Thesis. 164 p.
The main objective of this analysis was to determine the
taxonomic relationships of the blue and yellow pikeperch
in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Evidence was offered concern-
ing their spawning habits and their bathymetrlc, ecological
and geophysical distributions. In addition, an extensive
study of their meristic and metric characters was made.
The blue pikeperch of both lakes belong to one species,
while the yellow pikeperch of both lakes belong to another
species. Thus, two separate species have been involved in
this study.
541. Stone. Kivingston. 1883. Report of operations at the
United States salmon-hatching station on M'Cloud
River, California, during the season of 1880. U. S.
Commission Pish and Fisheries, Report for i860. Part
8, App. g: 597-621.
A table is included which shows the waters stocked, and
tributaries where the fish were planted and the number of
fish planted of young California salmon hatched from eggs
taken in 1878.
With reference to Lake Ontario, a total of 12,200 fish
were planted in its tributaries in 1879.
Stone, U. B. - See: J. V. Skiff, No. 518.
Stone, U. B. - See: Dwight A. Webster, No. 580.
542. Stone, Udell B. 1937. Growth, habits and fecundity of
the ciscoes of Irondequolt Bay, New York. Trans-
actions American Fish. Society. 67: 234-245.
This paper presents a study of ciscoes of Irondequolt
Bay, New York, and deals with their migration, age and
time of spawning, associated species at the time of spawn-
ing, predators and conservation. This study is based on
the age determinations of 505 specimens, on the calculations
of these ciscoes, and on the examination of the ovaries of
104 fish.
-195-
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543. Stone, Udell B. 1944. A study of the deep-water Cisco
fishery of Lake Ontario with particular reference to
the bloater Leuc-tcA-thj/A kouJi (Gill). Transactions
American Pish. Society. 74: 230-249.
Studies were made of the deep water Cisco fishery on New
York waters of Lake Ontario during the summer and fall of
1942. Experimental gill nets were set to test the 2-3/4
inch mesh, as provided under New York regulations, against
various other mesh sizes to determine if changes in the
regulations were advisable in order to increase the pro-
duction of ciscoes. Conclusions are based on a total
catch of 2,393 ciscoes of which 93.2356 consisted of a
single species, the bloater (Le.uc.4,ckthy hoy*.). Character-
istics of the different species of ciscoes and fishes
associated with them were considered in formulating the
recommendations. The catch of bloaters by the nets of
each mesh size are analyzed with respect to number of fish
taken, average length and weight, sex ratio and condition.
Studies on the age and growth of the bloaters are presented.
A change to 2-1/2 inch mesh was recommended for the deep
water ciscoes provided that such nets are not fished in
less than 180 feet of water.
544. Stone, Udell B. 1949. 1,000 Islands bass. New York
State Conservationist. 3(6): 18-19.
A long-term study of the bass was begun in 1944 to provide
information toward maintaining or improving management of
the 1,000 islands bass fishing resource. To obtain infor-
mation on migration and growth, over 3,000 bass were
tagged and released at Chaumont Bay, Wilson Bay, head of
Carleton Island, Sunnybank, Dodge Bay, Linda Island and
Eel Bay.
545. Stone, Udell B. and Donald G. Pasko, Robert M. Roecher.
1954. A study of Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River
smallmouth bass. New York Pish and Game Journal.
1(1): 1-26.
A study of smallmouth bass of the eastern Lake Ontario-
Thousand Islands region was carried on during 1944-50.
Tagging of 4,408 wild adult bass at 10 principal
localities was undertaken to determine if populations
were homogeneous. Studies of age, growth and reproduction
of the bass from different localities were made. Metal
strap tags used on the dorsal fin and maxillary during
115 gave recoveries of only 2.0$ and 9.1#, respectively.
-396-
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During 1946--50 round, metal strap tags, applied to the
lower jaw, were used on a total of 2,853 fish. This
method gave 612 recoveries (21.5$). Angling recoveries
were used as an index to the catch of bass on various
grounds during different months of the fishing season.
Despite a relatively heavy take of bass on some grounds
during June there was no evidence that the early fishing
affected the population adversely. Heaviest returns,
generally were in August. Distinct populations of bass
were recognized using migrations and growth as the main
criteria for separation. Pour to 6 years are required
in this area for bass to reach the legal length of 10
inches. The oldest bass found were l5 years old. Con-
siderable variation in spawning time was found to be a
characteristic of bass in this region. Late May to early
June spawning occurred in tributary streams and in some
of the warmer bays while late June-July spawning occurred
among the fish influenced by the cold water of Lake
Ontario.
Storr, John F. - See: Samuel J. Markello, No. 353.
546. Struthers, P. H. 1931. A review of the carp control
problem in New York waters. New York State Conser-
vation Department, Supplemental 21st Annual Report
for 1930. Biological Survey. 6: 272-288.
Carp control studies conducted on carp infested waters
of the State during the past five years yielded sufficient
scientific evidence on ifhich to base a policy of carp
control. The investigations include field work on Oneida
Lake, Barge Canal, Cayuga and Owasco Lakes, Seneca and
Canandaigua Lakes, Saratoga, Crescent, Onondoga, Lonely
and Irondequoit Bay.
The paper discussed the carp problem in our New York
waterways and offers, as a solution to the problem,
seineing the carp out of the waters. Included is a
detail description of seineing operation, seineing net,
and carp market.
547. Symons, 0. E. and R. W. Simpson. 1938. Report on fish
destruction in the Niagara River in 1937. Trans-
actions American Pish. Society. 68: 246-255.
This paper reports on the studies made to determine the
possible cause or causes of three epidemics of fish
mortality which occurred during November and December,
1937, in the upper Niagara River. Samples of water and
-------
dead fish were analyzed to determine the lethal agent
responsible for the slaughter. The source of pollution
was indicated to be the Buffalo River, a grossly polluted
stream receiving industrial and domestic sewage with very
little flow. Combinations of wind velocity and direction
rainfall and changes in lake level caused sudden discharges
of the polluted waters of this stream into the Niagara
River. At such times, the fish were observed to die.
At the time of the three periods of fish mortality some
extremely lethal agent seemed to be present that normally
must be absent, because the fish mortality was so much
greater than had ever been observed previously. (Canada
Centre for Inland Waters).
548. Taudvin, J. W. 1910. Untitled. Ontario Game and Fish
Department. 3rd Annual Report, 1909. pp. 35-36.
In the lower portion of Lake Ontario, the overseer noted
that the bass fishing as a whole was not good. The
spawning season was very late and very few bass had
spawned before July 15, 1090. Also noted was that
stormy weather may have been responsible. Many small
bass were seen indicating good fishing next year.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
Taylor, Grace - See: H. Kleerekoper, No. 318.
5*19. Tedla, Shibru and C. H. Fernando. 1969. Observations
on the seasonal changes of the parasite fauna of
yellow perch (Pe*ca ^£aue4cen4) from the Bay of
Qulnte, Lake Ontario. Journal Fisheries Research
Board Canada. 26(4): 833-843.
The seasonal changes in incidence and intensity of
infestation of yellow perch, Pe.n.c.0. fJ£ave.4ceHA, by adult
and larval parasites, both external and internal, were
studied over a period of 1 year. Eight species of para-
sites were numerous enough to permit analysis of
seasonal dynamics. Banodeta £uc-cope/icae and Ec.h4.nox.hyn-
C/IUA btamoni* show a high infestation in the fall and
declined gradually to zero by late summer. New Infes-
tation occurred in early fall. ?.iotoce.pha£ut> pea-t-dex.
showed the highest incidence in summer and a lower level
during the rest of the year without any marked fluctua-
tions. The intensity cf infestation remained relatively
constant throughout the year. E*iga.&4.£u& con^tuiu reached
its peak of incidence in the summer, declined through
the fall and winter, and began increasing in spring. In
February, however, both incidence and intensity were high.
-198-
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showed a high intensity of
Infestation In November. The incidence remained fairly
constant throughout the rest of the year. UJioo.to.'idi.u.*
acUpec-tu.4 showed no seasonal variability as record to
Incidence but the Intensity of Infestation was highest
in August and September. Contnacaecum ^p^ctt^ge-ium
showed no distinct seasonal changes in incidence or
Intensity. Clochidlal infestation of La.mp4.&4.t
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high incidence of other EC (44.5°C) gas-positive
coliform biotypes, principally Irregular 22.
4. atypical, slow-or non-lactose-fermenting
strains constituted 12.1$ of the 2,952 isolates
from typical sheened conform MP colonies.
5. only three enteropathogenic E. cot-i strains
were isolated; all were from western Lake Ontario
water samples with very low coliform MP counts.
6. irregular conform biotypes were common in
the coliform flora of the Lake. Ireegular strains
may be conveniently Identified through the appli-
cation of the proposed coliform biotype classifica-
tion scheme presented herein.
551. Tester, Albert L. 1930. Spawning habits of the small-
mouthed black bass in Ontario waters. Transactions
.American Fish. Society. 60: 53-61.
The paper is a continuation of an investigation of the
life history of the small-mouth black bass in Lake
Nipissing and adjacent small lakes. Included is the
geographical distribution of the small-mouthed black
bass which includes Lake Ontario.
Thompson, R. E. - See: C. P. Schenk, No. *»98.
Thompson, William Francis - See: David Starr Jordan,
No. 304.
552. Tinsley, E. 1908. Enforcing laws and regulations.
Ontario Game and Fisheries Department. 2nd Annual
Re, .rt, 1908. pp. 5-81.
A general report on the present laws concerning fishing
regulations during spawning times of the game and
commercial fish. The author feels these laws are
inadequate and he appeals to the authorities to
re-evaluate the present fishing laws. (Univ. of
Toronto, Zoology Library).
553. Toman, Prank A. 1955. White perch. New York State
Conservationist. 10(1): 28.
The white perch although native to brackish water has
been Invading the fresh water of New York. It is
noted that th.3 white perch has been found in some
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tributaries of Lake Ontario, thought to be the result
of unauthorized stocking of what were thought to be
white bass. Some of the ecology and sport fishery
aspects of this fish are presented.
Toner, G. C. 1934. Notes on the alewife. Canadian
Field Naturalist. 48(3): 51-52.
A discussion as to whether the alewife, ?omo£oba&
v6e.udoka.H.e.ngiLA, was planted, migrated or native to
Lake Ontario.
555. Toner, G. C. and Nannette de St. Remy. 1941. Amphibians
of eastern Ontario. Copeia. No. 1: 10-13.
A list by species of the amphibian fauna of the south-
eastern part of Ontario is given. Nec£u*u.6 macu£o4u4
macu£oAu4 (Raflnesque) was noted at Kingston, in Lake
Ontario and at Gananoque in the St. Lawrence River.
Rana c.a.te.&bt'ia.na. Shaw was noted in the Gananoque River
and the St. Lawrence River.
556. Toronto Department of Public Works. 1921. Water Supply
Section. Report on the chemical, physical and
bacteriological survey of Lake Ontario water.
Toronto Dept. of Public Works, Toronto, Ontario.
15 p. mimeo.
The following is a report of a chemical, physical and
bacteriological survey of Lake Ontario, in the vicinity
of Toronto, made to determine the most suitable location
for the installation of an intake pipe to supply raw
water.
The number of bacteriological examinations carried out
during the survey period amounted to 7,906. Average
bacterial counts/c.c. listed for agar and acid-forming
colonies and also number of 8. c.ot£ was given.
The bacteriological quality of the water at all points
was directly affected by the prevailing winds and the
figures were presented in a table.
557. Townsend, C. H. 1899. Report of the Division of
Statistics and Methods of the fisheries. U. S.
Commission Pish and Fisheries. Report for 1898,
Part 24. pp. 147-175.
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Included in this paper is a section on the fisheries
of Lake Ontario. A table showing the comparative yield
of the fisheries of Lake Ontario In i860, 1885, 1890,
1893 and 1897 is given. Also shown in tabular form is
(1) the yield by county and species for 1897 and (2)
the vessels, boats, apparatus and shore property per
county employed in the fisheries of Lake Ontario in 1897.
Tressler, Willis L. - See: P. R. Burkholden, No. 83.
558. Tressler, Willis L. and Thomas Austin. 1939- A
limnologlcal study of some bays and lakes of the
Lake Ontario watershed. NYS Conservation Dept.,
Supplemental 29th Annual Report for 1939.
Biological Survey, pp. 188-210.
During the summer of 1939 a number of bays and lakes
of the Lake Ontario watershed were Investigated to
determine the amount and quality of microscopic life,
the environmental conditions under which this life
existed and the extent to which fish were utilizing
this important food element in their diet. Vertical
series at several depths were made in the water areas
studied during the months of July and August. Pour
bays were found to produce much more plankton than the
lake itself. The stomachs of perch and large-mouthed
bass from Irondequoit Bay contained a greater amount
of plankton than the same species from Sodus Bay.
559. Tressler, Willis L., Thomas Austin and Edward Orban.
1953. Seasonal variation of some limnological
factors in Irondequoit Bay, New York. American
Midland Naturalist, pp. 878-903.
During the summer of 1939, a series of samples were
taken in the deeper part of Irondequoit Bay as a part
of the general Biological Survey of the Lake Ontario
watershed conducted by the New York Conservation Dept.
(Tressler and Austin, 19^0). The results of this
mid-August sampling indicated a high degree of pro-
ductivity and extreme stagnation conditions vrhich
prompted the continuation of these studies during the
following year. An extensive program of independent
investigations was begun in September 1939 and was
continued at monthly intervals until June 19*10.
Series of samples at various depths were taken monthly
to determine the seasonal variations in physical,
chemical and biological factors.
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560. True, F. W. 1887. The fisheries of the Great Lakes.
In: Good, G. B. (Ed.). The fisheries and fishery
Industry of the United States, Section II. pp.
631-673.
A statistical summary is listed of the number of people
employed, the capital invested and apparatus employed,
as well as the quantities and values of the products
derived from Lake Ontario in 1879. There is very little
fishing carried on at the western end of the lake and
the few fish caught are taken by fishermen for their own
consumption. The only fisheries which are of commercial
importance are situated at the east end of the lake, near
the head of the St. Lawrence River.
The fishing at the eastern end of the lake is described
including an inventory of the equipment and its value at
various parts and losses which have occurred.
561. Tucker, Allan. 19^8. The phytoplankton of the Bay of
Quinte. Transactions American Microscopical
Society. 67(4): 365-383.
This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative stv.dy
of the phytoplankton of the Adolphus Reach region of the
Bay of Quinte. Physical and chemical factors such as
wind, thermal stratification of water, transparency and
dissolved oxygen were considered as important and were
measured. The major phylum of algae in order of abun-
dance were chrysophyta, cyanophyta, chorophyta and
pyrrophyta. Three peaks in phytoplankton abundance
occurred during the summer, on June 12, July 9 and
August 9. These peaks of abundance occurred in the
upper water and were made up respectively of diatoms
on June 12, diatoms and green algae on July 9 and
blue greens on August 9. It is shown in this investi-
gation that each peak of abundance appeared in the upper
water and tended to become distributed uniformly from
surface to bottom by the stirring action of the x^ater.
The maximum abundance of phytoplankton during the summer
occurred on July 9 and the minimum of July 31. The
Important forms of diatoms in order of abundance were
MeJLo&JJi* tabtttaiA.* and fJicLgita.fL4.eL. The blue greens
were made up mostly of Aphanizomenon and to a lesser
degree tticiocytti.*. The only green algae of signifi-
cance was Uou.ge.ot
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562. Tucker, Allan. 19^9. Pigment extraction as a method
of quantitative analysis of phytoplankton. Trans-
actions American Microscopical Society. 68(1):
21-33.
Various concentrations of Ankj.&ttiode.*mu.6 were used In a
laboratory experiment to find the abundance of phyto-
plankton by a colorimetric determination of the density
of the pigment. The pigment extraction method was then
compared with the enumeration method.
563. Tybout, R. A. 1967. Systems analysis: An economists
view. Systems Approach to Water Duality in the
Great Lakes. Proceedings 3rd Annual Symposium on
Water Resources Research. Ohio State University
Water Resources Center, pp. 117-126.
The term "systems analysis" connotes whatever concept
of propriety seems appropriate in the diagnosis of
water management problems. This paper presents the
Interdependencies of particular kinds of water quality
management as seen by an economist. An Input-output
model is derived for the problem of water quality con-
trol in a lake or estuary such as Lake Erie or Ontario
In which a series of equations are applied by sub-
dividing the lakes into basins that have relatively
homogenous quality characteristics. A system of
Optimization Criteria and another system of Cost-
Benefit Analysis are also developed since each
possesses a complicated set of interdependencies and
focuses on the resolution of a particular problem.
56*4. Ulrich, Edward C. 1952. Harlequin duck in the
Western New York region. Prothonotary. 18(9): 65.
Presented in this paper is a description of the habitat
on the Harlequin duck, H-tA
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A specimen of quinnat or California salmon (Gnc.oihync.hM>
cfiou>cc.Jta) was caught from Lake Ontario on July l8?8,
weighing 14 Ibs.
£66. U. S. Commission on Fish and Fisheries. 1895. Mortality
among alewives, Lake Ontario. Report of the
Commissioner. 19: 49-50.
A discussion of the observations of Dr. R. R. Gurley of
the death of alewives of Nine-Mile Point, Wilson,
Charlotte and Cape Vincent during the spring and summer
of 1863. Noted that die-off occurred initially in April
or late March, reached its maximum in May and decreased
through August. Noted that dead fish had patches of
saprolegnia. No other parasites were observed on the
fish.
567. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1969. Pish and
Wildlife as related to water quality of the Lake
Ontario basin. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington, D. C. 128 p.
A brief section concerning the plankton and benthlc
organisms is Included in the description of the Lake
Ontario basin. The major portion of the report, how-
ever, deals with the Lake Ontario fishery in relation
to water quality. The fish and wildlife resources,
economic aspects of sport fishing, hunting and commercial
fishing, water quality aspects as affecting fish and
wildlife, management, and research requirements are all
discussed.
5C>8. Vanderpost, J. M. and B. J. Dutka. 1971. Bacteriological
study of the Kingston basin sediments. Abstract of
paper presented at the l4th Conference Great Lakes
Research, Toronto. April 19-21, 1971. pp. 71-72.
Since there was no record of any bacteriological studies
of the sediments in the Kingston basin and the St.
Lawrence River outlet of Lake Ontario, a program of
sediment analyses designed to present detailed bacter-
iological information about the outflow environment of
Lake Ontario was initiated.
The bacteriological parameters used were: collform M?;
20°C MF plate count; 20°C MF anaerobic plate count;
sulphate-reducing bacteria MPN; sulphur-oxidizing
bacteria MPN; nitrifying bacteria MPN; autotrophic
ammonium-oxidizing bacteria MF and dehydrogenase
activity.
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569. Van Oosten, John. 1935. First record of the alewife,
PomotobuA p-aeudohatenguA, for the State of
Michigan. Copeia. No. 4: 194-195.
The above is essentially on the occurrence of the ale-
wife In Michigan. It includes, however, a note on its
common occurrence in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence.
Also mentioned Is the fact that it forms an important
item in the diet of lake trout and burbot In Lake
Ontario.
570, Van Oosten, John. 1936. The dispersal of smelt,
Oimettu moirfax (Mitchell), in the Great Lakes
region. Transactions American Fish. Society.
66: 160-176.
The phenomenal spread of the introduced smelt,
mofiddK (Mitchell), throughout the Great Lakes region
during the past decade will be referred to repeatedly
in the years to come as another classic example illus-
trating the many complications that follow the
successful establishment of an exotic species of fish.
Here are presented In chronological order and by Great
Lakes drainages the data of first appearance or of
first smelt runs at various localities, together with
brief notes on abundance and other items of interest
and the source of the record.
571. Van Oosten, John and H. J. Deason. 1937. The food of
the lake trout (C/u.4^uomeA. na.na.yc.a&h
and of the lawyer (Lata. na.c.u.to*a.) of Lake
Michigan. Transactions American Fish. Society.
67: 155-177.
This paper reports on a qualitative and quantitative
analysis of the contents of ^,979 lake trout stomachs
collected in 1931 from southern Lake Michigan.
Included Is a brief reference to Dymond (1928) who
studied the food of 128 lake trout and 64 lawyers fro;?.
Lake Ontario. He found that in early summer the dom-
inant food of the trout was the alewife, a species
which does not occur in Lake Michigan and in late
summer the ciscoes .
572. Van Otterloo, H. , J. B. Bell and B. J. Dutka. 1967.
A bacteriological study of Lake Ontario, conduc-
ted for the advisory board on water pollution,
International Joint Commission. Dept . of National
Health and Welfare, Division of Public Health
Engineering, Kingston, Ontario. Manuscript Rcpt.
No. 67-20. 136 p.
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A water quality study of Lake Ontario was conducted by
the Kingston Branch of the Public Health Engineering
Division, Dept. of National Health and Welfare, from
June 12 to November 2, 196?. This study was a continua-
tion of a program begun in 1966.
Data collected during this study supports the belief
that the main body of Lake Ontario water is not pollu-
ted. The majority (39 of 62) of monitor stations
recorded coliform MF master medians of less than 1
(Pig. 3); only 6 stations, located in the Toronto and
Niagara River areas, recorded coliform MF master medians
of 6 or more coliforms per 100 ml.
The Niagara River is one of the major contributors of
bacteriological pollution into Lake Ontario. The
highest coliform MF, fecal coliform MF and fecal
streptoccoccus MF master medians were recorded at
monitor and intensive study stations in the Niagara
River area. Comparison of the 35°C and 20°C standard
plate count data, from the Niagara River area, illus-
trate that 35°C standard plate count master medians
were double the 20°C master medians, an Indication that
sewage pollution is a contributory factor in the degra-
dation of inshore waters in this area.
Data present in this report indicate that the Toronto
and Rochester areas may in the future present bacter-
iological pollution problems; however, the pollution
areas appear to be limited to waters within 2 miles of
shore.
Comparison of data obtained from Lake Ontario and Lake
Erie (Menon, et.al., 196?) indicate that the highest
coliform MF counts, obtained from Lake Ontario water
samples, were not nearly as high as the highest counts
recorded from Lake Erie samples. Several Lake Erie
stations yielded coliform MF counts in the thousands,
with Toledo Harbour recording the highest coliform MF
master median (6,500); in comparison, the highest
coliform MF count recorded in Lake Ontario was 1,500
(station 12, Niagara River) and the highest coliform
MF master median was 8? (station III, Niagara River).
Figure 3 and 4, indicate that the main body of Lake
Ontario and Lake Erie water cannot be considered to be
polluted. However, both lakes have in-shore areas which
range from mildly to grossly polluted and amongst these
inshore areas, the degree of pollution is greater in
Lake Erie than in Lake Ontario. (Rochester-EPA).
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573. Ver Duin, Claude. 1950. Beware of the gizzard shad.
Fisherman. 18(3): *».
The article discusses the appearance of the gizzard shad
in Lake Ontario and the destruction that it caused to
the food supply of the whitefish and herring. The fish-
ermen are now witnessing the spread of the shad into
Lake Erie which means that the food supply of the herring
and whitefish will be in danger. The author ends the
article by warning the conservation officials to keep a
close check on the shad and to take steps to eradicate
them before they become a menance to the native fish of
the lakes. (Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
57*5. Vladykav, V. D. and G. N. Mukerjl. 1961. Order of
succession of different types of infraoral lamina
in landlocked sea lamprey (Pttiomyzon ma/u.ttu-6).
Journal Fisheries Research Board Canada. 18(6):
1125-1143.
Infraoral lamina were studied of 630 lampreys from Lake
Erie, Ontario, Lake Seneca, New York and the Pere Mar-
quette River, Michigan. The main types of lamina are
listed and described. In adults, feeding in lakes, the
predominant type is the inclined lamina. In spawning
specimens the normal lamina is most characteristic.
Newly transformed lampreys and others less than 180 mm
long have normal lamina. The rosebud lamina is char-
acteristic of half grown specimens. Thus, the usual
succession throughout life is normal, rosebud, inclined
and finally normal again. (Toronto Ontario Fisheries
Research Library, Zoology Library).
575. Wagner, F. E. 1928. Chemical investigation of the
Oswego watershed. NYS Conservation Dept., Supple-
mental 17th Annual Report. A Biological Survey of
the Oswego River System, pp. 108-122.
The chemical characteristics of the watershed were
analyzed and these factors were used in some cases to
compare with the biological conditions of the water at
the point. Dissolved oxygen profiles were taken throuf^-
out the Oswego watershed and the reduction of dissolved
oxygen was associated xvith human industrial and domestic
pollution which resulted in the reduction or extermina-
tion of fish from these areas.
Walker, Boyd W. - See: Carl L. Hubbs, No. 267.
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Walker, Bryant. 1918. A synopsis of the classification
of the fresh-water mollusca of North America, North
of Mexico and a catalogue of the more recently dr> :.-:•-
cribed species with notes. Univ. of Michigan.
Zoology Museum, Miscellaneous Publications, No. 6,
Part II Catalogue 93: 213.
The paper lists diagnostic characteristics, geographic&l
occurrence and distribution of molluska in the United
States, North of Mexico. Mentioned occurring in Lake
Ontario was Vatvata pJL& c.4.n.ali& Muller and found in the
Niagara River was Pt//igu£op4
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Three species of tubificid olegochaetes and seven hetero-
trophic aerobic bacteria were Identified from the sediment
of Toronto Harbour, Ontario. The relative abundance of
the identifiable bacteria present in the mud and in the
worm feces voided after 18 hrs. was established using
nutrient agar medium. The results indicated a reduction
in the relative abundance of bacteria by about 72$ and a
reduction in the variety of bacteria in the feces and
guts of the worms, whereas all seven were shown to be
ingested at one time or another.
The results suggest that the fraction of the bacterial
flora investigated forms a part of the diet of tubificids
and that differences between worm speices in relation to
their use of those bacteria may help to explain the sur-
vival of a number of morphologically unspeciallzed
sediment-feeding species in close physical proximity to
each other.
iP.O. Webster, Dwight A., Udell B. Stone, Donald Pasko and
John L. Forney. 1959- Migration habits of small-
mouth bass. New York State Conservationist. 13(O:
4-8.
The movements of smallmouth bass are described and
charted in four of the major fishing waters of New York
State. The waters charted are the eastern Lake Ontario -
Thousand Islands region, the St. Lawrence River and La;-:«i
St. Lawrence, Oneida Lake and Cayuga Lake.
5d. Webster, J. S. 1908. Fishery laws. Stocking deplete-'
waters. Ontario Game and Fish Department. 1st
Annual Report, 1907. pp. 14-16.
A report by Acting Inspector J. S. Webster on the status
of the fishing laws in Canadian waters, especially the
Bay of Quinte. Also mentioned is the stocking of
depleted waters with parental bass—only the stocking
was done in a poor way and most of the bass died. The
Author recommends a solution to the stocking problem.
(Univ. of Toronto, Zoology Library).
Weeks, D. H. - See: J. V. Skiff, No. 518.
583. Wells, L. 1969. Fishery survey of U. S. waters of
Lake Ontario limnological survey of Lake Ontario,
196^i. Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Technical
Report No. 14. 59 p.
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Gill nets and trawls were fished by the Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries R/V CISCO during September 19-23,
1964, at several locations and depths in the offshore
United States waters of Lake Ontario. Water temperatures
were very low (3.7-8.3°C) at all fishing stations except
one (16.4°C). Supplementary data were provided by the
Bureau's R/V KAHO in 1966. Alewives and smelt were
common. Ciscoes were extremely scarce, but large; most
of those caught were bloaters. Slimy sculpins were
abundant, but no deepwater sculpins v/ere caught. Yellow
perch were scarce. Although the warm water species were
inadequately sampled, trout-perch seemed to be abundant.
Other species, all caught in small numbers, were lake
trout, spottail shiners, burbot, threespine sticklebachs
and johnny darters from cold water and northern pike,
lake chubs, white suckers, white bass, white perch and
rock bass from warm water.
Weed, Alfred C. - See: Barton A. Bean, No. 4?.
Werner, W. H. R. - See: H. H. MacKay, No.
533. Westerman, P. A. 1932. The deep water trap net and
its relation to the Great Lakes fisheries. Trans-
actions American Pish. Society. 62: 6*1-71.
The introduction of the deep water trap within the past
few years has caused great deal of concern to commercial
fishermen and to conservation officials. A description
of the dimensions of these nets and the mesh of the net;:
is given. Some lake trout are taken in these nets but
they are primarily a whitefish net. The tremendously
expanded field in which trap nets operate has brought
them into keen competition with the gill netters. Deep
water trap nets appear to have been used first in Lake
Ontario at Cape Vincent and in Chaumont Bay.
58'!. Westman, J. R. and W. E. Pahy. 1940. A biological
survey of the Lake Ontario watershed, X. The
carp problem of the area. New York State Conser-
vation Dept., Supplemental 29th Annual Report for
1939. Biological Survey, pp. 226-231.
The presence of dense populations of carp,
c.a.n.pi.0, in many of New York's lakes and ponds has long
been recognized as a fisheries problem. Interest in
seineing as a possible means of control is held by many
anglers in regions where the species is troublesome;
-211-
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and commercial selneing, while influenced by several
limiting factors, provides some means for obtaining
information on carp populations, as well as furnishing
a way to find out what value, if any, selneing possesses
as a method of carp control.
5^3. Williams, L. G. 1966. Dominant planktonlc rotifers of
major waterways of the United States. Limnology and
Oceanography. 11(7): 83-91.
Plankton samples were taken at 128 sampling stations on
the major rivers and Great Lakes of the United States.
It was found that the rotifers were the most numerous
metazoons found in the plankton samples. The sampling
sites in the Great Lakes region Included the Niagara
River which had 9 different genera of rotifers.
5B6. Wilmot, Samuel. 1877. California salmon in Lake
Ontario. Forest and Stream. 8: 419.
Contains a note on the occurrence of a California salr.m
in the estuary of Wilmot's Creek in Lake Ontario followed
by a relatively complete description.
387. Wilmot, Samuel. 1879. Notes on the western gizzard
shad, Voio&oma cepettuwum fie-Ce/ta/tum, (Raf.) Jordan,
Proceedings U. S. National Museum. 1: 263-264.
Comment on the phenomenon of the superabundance of the
western gizzard shad throughout the length of Lake
Ontario followed by their sudden disappearance. The
fish had become so numerous that people were able to
dip them out with their hats.
:;83. Wilmot, Samuel. 1881. Remarks on the scarcity of
male and grilse salmon in the rivers of Ontario,
Canada. Bulletin U. S. Pish Commission. 1: 379-3?!.
Note on the overabundance of females and scarcity of
males. They found enough females to yield 250,000 ec,:gs
but couldn't find a single male to impregnate the eggs.
Also notes that there are no grilse salmon around.
Wilmot, Samuel. 1882. Introduction of California
salmon into Ontario, with remarks on the disappes^-
ance of Maine salmon from that province. Bulletin
U. S. Fisheries Commission. 1:
-212-
-------
A letter to the Commission in which Wllmot notes his
experiences with the restocking of streams that flow
into Lake Ontario. Also mentions that pollution from
barn-yards, plowed fields, turnpike roads, saw-mills
and factories has eliminated for the best part young
salmon and trout from these waterways. Also notes that
his initial Introduction of carp have been quite success-
ful. He requested more carp to stock these streams.
590, Wilson, Charles Branch. 1877. The economic relations,
anatomy and life history of the genus Le.tina.e.0..
Bulletin U. S. Bureau Fisheries for 1915-1916.
35: 163-198.
Contained within this paper is a complete biological
study - history, ecology, external and internal morphology,
embryonic development and systematic classification with
key and taxonomic descriptions - of the genus leinaea.
In the systematic section, the following reference to
Lake Ontario was made:
Le*waea tontaa, (Kellicott), 1881. Pound In tumors
upon the external surface of the bullhead,
Ame-cu/Liu ne.buto&u.& , In Grindstone Creek near Lake
Ontario.
Wilton, R. - See: H. Kleerekoper, No. 318.
Winter, Wolfgang - See: Bernard J. Dutka, No. 140.
591. Wood, R. D. and W. C. Muenscher. 1956. The characeae
of the State of New York. Memoir 338. Cornell
University Agricultural Experimental Station.
77 p.
There are many species of characeae in New York State
including ones In the genera C/to/ta, W-t;te&£a and
Totypttta. Keys for identification, descriptions of
morphology and taxonomy, illustrations and maps of
distribution of the characaeae of New York Is included.
592. Wright, A. H. 19l8a. Pish succession in some Lake
Ontario tributaries. Scientific Monthly. 7: 535-
This paper presents a study of ten streams flowing into
Lake Ontario In Monroe County, N. Y, It is an attempt
to study fish succession by a comparison of these streams
-213-
-------
with others both different and similar in geologic time
of origin. The first inhabitants of a newly formed
stream were determined to be the sucker, horned dace and
the black-nosed dace. Prom data on species composition
of these streams an extensive list of fish succession to
arrived at according to which the walleye and two-spined
stickleback would be the last arrivals. It is mentioned
that these lists may be speculative and that mans
activities such as construction of canals may have falsi-
fied the record of fish succession.
593. Wright, A. H. 19l8b. Pish succession in the water
courses of Lake Ontario. Copeia. No. 53: 10-11.
The article traces the various fish inhabiting each
stage in the succession of a stream. It begins with
those species living in a rivulet or small creek, pro-
gresses to those forms living under muddy conditions
and finally describes the "swift-gravelly" group.
591*. Wright, Ramsay. 1891. Preliminary report on the fish
and fisheries of Ontario. Ontario Game and Fish
Commission. Commissioners Report, pp. 419-476.
The first section of the report deals with the geogra-
phical considerations likely to affect the distribution
of the various species of fish occurring within the
waters of the Province. This is followed by a short
account of the natural history of fish and the natural
history of the species of fish reported from the Pro-
vince. This includes the physical characteristics of
the fish, habitat, spawning behaviour and food.
The last portion of the report gives statistics on the
fishing industry, number of fishermen, type of fishing
material used, boats, tugs and the economic value of
each major species to the commercial Industry. (Univ.
of Toronto, Zoology Library).
Yalkovsky, R. - See: A. M. Cairo, No. 85.
Yurack, J. - See: B. J. Dutka, No. Hi, 142.
595. Zenkert, Charles A. 1934. The flora of the Niagara
Frontier region. Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural
Science. 16: 328.
This book presents information pertaining to the ferns
and flowering plants of Buffalo, N. Y. and vicinity.
Included is information of the abundance and distribution
-------
of flowering aquatic plants in the Niagara River and
nearby Lake Ontario noting sites of collection.
596. Zimmerli, W. H. 193^. The lake plains waterfowl asso-
ciation takes a real part in duck rr^nagevient.
Goshawk. 7(2): 48.
This report contains articles describing activities of
the Lake Plains Waterfowl Association, of the Genesee
Ornithological Society and contains records of the
months sightings along the marshes and ponds bordering
Lake Ontario.
-215-
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IV. AUTHOR/AGENCY ADDRESSES
Adamstone, P. B.
Department of Zoology
University of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois
Almendinger, W. A.
(Address Unknown)
Amsler, G.
(Address Unknown)
Anderson, A. W.
Department of Microbiology
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Anderson, D. V.
Department of Mathematics
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Appleby, A. G.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Atkins, Charles G.
(Deceased)
Atwater, W. 0.
Professor of Chemistry
Wesleyan University
Mlddletown, Connecticut
Bailey, L. W., Director
Marine Biological Station
of Canada
New Brunswick, CANADA
(Deceased)
Balllie, S, L.
(Address Unknown)
Baldwin, Norman S.
Great Lakes Fishery Commission
Natural Resources Building
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Bamo, Robert A.
(Address Unknown)
Barnett, J. M.
10U3 - 17th Avenue, S. E.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Bean, Barton A.
Division of Fishes
U. S. National Museum
(Deceased)
Bean, Tarleton H.
(Deceased)
Beardslee, Clark S.
132 McKinley Avenue
Kenmore, New York
Beeton, A. M.
Center for Great Lakes Studies
University of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
Belknap, John B.
Gouverneur, New York
Bellis, V. J.
Department of Biology
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina 2783^
Bennett, Elizabeth A.
Ontario Water Resources
Commission
Rexdale, Ontario
CANADA
Bentley, W. G.
(Address Unknown)
-216-
-------
Best, T. P.
Ontario Game and Fish
Department
(Deceased)
Blgelow, N. K.
Department of Biology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Blain, A. W.
(Deceased)
Blair, A. A.
Fisheries Research Board of
Canada
St. Andrews, New Brunswick
CANADA
Bligh, E. G.
Freshwater Institute
Fisheries Research Board of
Canada
501 University Crescent
Winnipeg 19, Manitoba
CANADA
Brinkhurst, R. 0.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Brisbin, Angus
Ontario Game and Fisheries
Department
(Deceased)
Britten, Bryan T.
Associate Professor
Department f Biology
Niagara University
Niagara University, New York
Bruce, Allan
Bacteriological Laboratory
Public Health Engineering
Division
Department of National
Health & Welfare
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Budd, J. C.
Great Lakes Research Commission
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Budden, Frederick R.
(Address Unknown)
Burdick, G. E., Instructor
Chowan College
Murfreesboro, North Carolina
Burkholder, Paul R.
Curator of Biology
Buffalo Museum of Science
Humboldt Park
Buffalo, New York 14211
(Deceased)
Cain, R. F.
Department of Botany
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Cairo, A. M.
Department of Chemistry
State University College
Buffalo, New York 14222
Canada Centre for Inland Waters
867 Lakeshore Road
P. 0. Box 5050
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Canadian Department of Fisheries
and Forestry
Environment Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
CANADA
Canada Fisheries Research Board
Canada Centre for Inland Waters
867 Lakeshore Road
P. 0. Box 5050
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Chandler, David C.
Great Lakes Research Division
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
-217-
-------
Christie, W. J.
Ontario Department of Lands
and Forests
Glenora Fisheries Station
Picton, Ontario
CANADA
Claassen, P. W.
Professor of Biology
Cornell University
Cornell, New York 14850
Clark, F. N.
(Deceased)
Clausen, R. T.
Assistant Professor of
Botany
Bailey Hortorium
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 1H850
Clemens, W. A.
(Deceased)
Cobb, John N.
(Deceased)
Cole, Charles F.
Department of Forestry and
Wildlife Management
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts
Cole, Charles F.
Virginia Institute of
Marine Science
Gloucester Point, Virginia
Collins, John D.
(Deceased)
Conger, David
Ontario Game and Fish
Department
(Deceased)
Couch, John H.
Department of Biology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Covell, John
Ontario Game and Fish Department
(Deceased)
Coventry, A. F.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Cowden, Sumner M.
NYS Department of Environmental
Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
Greaser, Charles W.
Department of Biology
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan
Grossman, E. J.
Royal Ontario Museum
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Cutler, N. L.
Biologist and Sanitarian
NYS Department of Environmental
Conservation
Albany, New York
Czalka, Sharon C.
Biology Department
Hudson Valley Community College
Troy, New York 12180
Davis, Charles C.
Memorial University of
Newfoundland
Department of Biology
St. John's, Newfoundland
CANADA
-218-
-------
Day, D. P.
(Deceased)
Dechtlar, Alex
Research Branch
Ontario Department of Lands
and Forests
Maple, Ontario
CANADA
Dence, Wllford A.
Department of Forest Zoology
State University of New York
College of Forestry
Syracuse, New York 13210
Department of National Health
and Welfare
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Department of National Health
and Welfare
Canada Centre for Inland
Waters
86? Lakeshore Road
P. 0. Box 5050
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Dore, William G.
Science Service Building
Ottawa, Ontario
CANADA
Duthle, H. C.
Department of Biology
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
CANADA
Dutka, Bernard J.
Canada Centre for Inland
Waters
867 Lakeshore Road
P. 0. Box 505
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Dymond, John R.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto 7, Ontario
CANADA
(Deceased)
Eaton, E. H.
(Deceased)
Edmunds, M. C.
(Deceased)
Embody, G. C.
Professor of Agriculture
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
Evans, Kelly
Ontario Game and Fish Commission
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
(Deceased)
Evermann, B. W.
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Fisheries
(Deceased)
Faber, Daniel J.
Ontario Department of Lands
and Forests
South Baymouth, Ontario
CANADA
Faigenbaum, H. M.
Professor of Industrial
Chemistry
Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute
Troy, New York
Farrell, Michael A.
420 Adams Avenue
State College, Pennsylvania
Faull, J. H.
(Deceased)
-219-
-------
Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration
Washington, D. C.
Penlon, M. W.
Department of Biological
Sciences
State University of New York
Albany, New York 122C3
Ferguson, Robert G.
Lake Erie Fisheries Research
Station
Ontario Department of Lands
and Forests
P. 0. Box 550
Wheatley, Ontario
CANADA
Fleming, J. H.
(Deceased)
Follett, Richard
(Address Unknown)
Ford, Marjory A.
(Address Unknown)
Fox, W. Sherwood
(Address Unknown)
Prick, H. C.
Economics Service
Department of Fisheries of
Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
CANADA
Fry, F. E. J.
Zoology Department
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Gage, Simon H.
Professor of Histology and
Embryology (Emeritus)
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
Gannon, J. E.
Center for Great Lakes Studies
University of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
Garside, E. T.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Geare, R. I.
(Deceased)
Gill. T.
(Deceased)
Glass, Irvine
Ontario Game and Fish Departmen
(Deceased)
Glooschenko, Walter A.
Canada Centre for Inland Waters
867 Lakeshore Road
P. 0. Box 5050
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Goode, George B.
(Deceased)
Grabill, L. R.
(Deceased)
Graham, Joseph J.
Biological Laboratory
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Boothbay Harbor, Maine
Graikoski, John T.
U. S. Bureau Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife
Technological Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Great Lakes Commission
2200 North Campus Boulevard
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
-220-
-------
Great Lakes Fishery Commission
1451 Green Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Great Lakes Institute
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Great Lakes Institute or
Institute of Environmental
Sciences & Engineering
University of Toronto
Toronto 181, Ontario
CANADA
Greeley, J. R.
Chief Aquatic Biologist
NYS Department of Environ-
mental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, Hew York 12201
Green, Seth
(Deceased)
Greene, C.W.
Senior Aquatic Biologist
NYS Department Conservation
West Sand Lake, New York
Hallam, J. C.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto and
Fisheries Research
Board of Canada
Biological Station
London, Ontario
CANADA
Hankinson, T. L.
Roosevelt Wild Life Forest
Experiment Station
Syracuse, New York
Harkness, W. J. K.
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Harman, W. II.
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 1M850
Harrington, Robert W., Jr.
Entomological Research Center
State Board of Health
P. 0. Box 308
Vero Beach, Florida 3296C
Harris, Edward
University of Toronto
Department of Zoology
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Hart, J. S.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Hart, J. L.
Biological Station
Fisheries Research Board of
Canada
St. Andrews, New Brunswick
CANADA
Heard, William H.
Department of Biology
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Florida 32 3'-'5
Hedrlck, L. R.
Department of Biology
Illinois Institute of
Technology
Chicago, Illinois 60616
Henderson, Croswell
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and
Wildlife
Room 101, Old Main Annex
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
-221-
-------
Henley, Robert J.
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Henson, E. Bennette
Department of Zoology
University of Vermont
Burlington, Vermont 05401
Herbert, Henry W.
(Deceased)
Herbst, Richard P.
(Address Unknown)
Herrington, H. B.
Westbrook, Ontario
CANADA
Hile, Ralph
Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries
U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
P. 0. Box 640
Ann Arbor, Michigan 4810?
Hiltunen, Jarl K.
U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries
Biological Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Hohn, Matthew H.
Department of Biology
Central Michigan University
-fc. Pleasant, Michigan 4 88? 8
Hubbs, Carl L.
2405 Ellentown Road
LaJolla, California
92037
Holden, William W.
Ontario Game and Fish
Department
(Deceased)
Hooper, B. F.
(Address Unknown)
Hunt, George S.
School of Natural Resources
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
Hunter, A. G.
(Deceased)
Hunter, George W.
College of Medicine
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32603
Hunter, W. A.
Ontario Game and Fisheries
Department
(Deceased)
Hunter, Wanda
Box 6 OOT
College Station
Durham, North Carolina 27708
Huntsman, A. G.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Hurlburt, W. E.
(Address Unknown)
Hutchinsoii, G. Evelyn
OML 306
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut 061320
Hyde, Sydney A.
Roosevelt Wildlife Forest
Experiment Station
Syracuse, New York
-222-
-------
Ide, F. P.
P. 0. Box 10
Washago, Ontario
CANADA
International Joint Commission
Washington, D. C. and
Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
Jackson, Daniel F.
Syracuse University
Department of Civil
Engineering
Syracuse, New York
13210
Jennings , H. S.
(Deceased)
Johnson, B. G. H.
Freshwater Institute
Fisheries Research Board of
Canada
Winnipeg, Manitoba
CANADA
Johnson, M. G.
Department of Zoology
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario
CANADA
Jordan, David S.
U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
Bureau of Fisheries
(Deceased)
Judd, W. W.
Department of Zoology
University of Western
Ontario
London, Ontario
CANADA
Kellicott, D. S.
(Deceased)
Kendall, William C.
Scientific Assistant
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
Washington, D. C.
Kennedy, W. A.
539 Richmond Street
London, Ontario
CANADA
Kerr, John W.
U. S. Fisheries Commission
(Deceased)
Kiel, Peter
U. S. Fisheries Commission
(Deceased)
Kindle, E. M.
(Deceased)
Kingsbury, John M.
Department of Botany
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
Kinney, W. L.
Environmental Protection
Agency
Federal Water Quality
Administration
Lake Ontario Basin Office
4664 Lake Avenue
Rochester, New York l46l?
Kleerekoper, H.
Institute of Life Science
Texas A & M University
College Station, Texas 77843
Koelz, Walter
Museum of Zoology
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Kumlein, Ludwig
(Deceased)
-223-
-------
Lapworth, E. D.
The Ontario Department of
Lands and Forests
Queens Park
Toronto 181, Ontario
CANADA
Lapworth, E. D.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
LaRocque, Aurele
(Address Unknown)
Lawrence, W. Mason
Chief, Bureau of Pish
NYS Department of Environ-
mental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
Lawrle, A. H.
Fisheries Research Board of
Canada
Freshwater Institute
501 University Crescent
Winnipeg 19, Manitoba
CANADA
Leach, Glen C.
U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries
U. S. Department of Interior
SEE
U. S. Bureau Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife
U. S. Department of Interior
P. 0. Box 640
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Leach, John F.
University of Toronto
Department of Zoology
Toronto 5> Ontario
CANADA
Letson, E. S.
New York State Museum
Albany, New York
Letson, Elizabeth, Director
Buffalo Museum of Science
Buffalo Scoiety of Natural
Sciences
Buffalo, New York 14211
(Deceased)
Lewis, C. E.
(Deceased)
Lewis, C. F. M.
789 Sunset Road
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Loftus, K. H.
Fisheries Section
Department of Lands and Forests
Research Branch
Maple, Ontario
CANADA
Ludwig, James P.
Centre for Environmental Studies
Bemidji State College
Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
MacKay, H. H.
Ontario Department of Game and
Fisheries
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
McAndrews, John H.
Department of Biology
Cornell College
Mt. Vernon, Iowa 5231'!
McCombie, A. M.
Ontario Department of Lands and
Forests
Southern Research Station
Ontario, CANADA
-224-
-------
McCrimmon, Hugh R.
Department of Zoology
University of Geulph
Guelph, Ontario
CANADA
Maher, F. P., Supervisor
Fisheries Inventory Unit
Department of Lands and
Forests
Fish and Wildlife Branch
Parliament Buildings
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Markello, Samuel J.
Department of Biology
State University of New York
Buffalo, New York 1H214
Marsh, C. Dwight
(Deceased)
Mason, E. J. R.
Royal Ontario Museum of
Zoology
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Mather, Fred
(Deceased)
Matheson, Deloss H.
Municipal Laboratories
City Hall
Hamilton, Ontario
CANADA
May, Franklin H.
730 Livingston Avenue
Syracuse, New York 13210
Meade, Gordon M.
(Address Unknown)
Menon, A. S.
Bacteriological Laboratory
Public Health Engineering
Division
Department of National
Health and Welfare
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Metzer, D. F.
NYS Department of Environmental
Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
Michalski, Michael F. P.
Biology Branch
Ontario Water Resources
Commission
P. 0. Box 213
Rexdale, Ontario
CANADA
Miller, G. W.
University of Toronto
Department of Zoology
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Mills, Henry
(Deceased)
Milner, J. W
(Deceased)
Moore, Emmellne
Chief Aquatic Biologist
NYS Department Environmental
Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
(Deceased)
Morgan, G.
(Deceased)
Mueller, J. F.
Associate Professor of Zoology
State University of New York
College of Forestry
Syracuse, New York 13210
Muenscher, W. C.
Assistant Professor of Econom-'-
Botany
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
-225-
-------
Munawar, Mohiuddin
Canada Centre for Inland
Waters
86? Lakeshore Road
P. 0. Box 5050
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA
Nalewajko, C.
Scarbourgh College
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Nash, C. W.
(Deceased)
Nathan, Bernard
(Address Unknown)
Neil, John H.
Ontario Water Resources
Commission
801 Bay Street
Toronto, Ont ario
CANADA
New York State Conservation
Commission
(See New York State Depart-
ment of Environmental
Conservation)
New York State Conservation
Department
(See New York State Depart-
ment of Environmental
Conservation)
New York State Department of
Environmental Conserva-
tion
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
New York State Department of
Health
84 Holland Avenue
Albany, New York 12208
Nicholson, H. Alleyne
Professor of Natural History
University College
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Odell, T. T.
Professor of Biology
Hobart College
Geneva, New York
Ogawa, Roann E.
U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries
Biological Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ontario Department of Lands
and Forests
Whitney Building
Queens Park
Toronto 181, Ontario'
CANADA
Ontario Department of Commercial
Fish - now
Ontario Department of Lands
and Forests
Fish and Wildlife Information
Services
Queens Park
Toronto 181, Ontario
CANADA
Ontario Water Resources
Commission
135 St. Clair Avenue, W.
Toronto 7, Ontario
CANADA
Parker, Arthur C.
Rochester Municipal Museum
Rochester, New York
Pasko, Donald G.
Senior Aquatic Biologist
NYS Department of Environmental
Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
-226-
-------
Patalas, K.
Fisheries Research Board
Freshwater Institute
Winnipeg, Manitoba
CANADA
Payne, N. R.
University of Toronto
Zoology Department
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Pentland, E. S.
(Address Unknovrn)
Piersol, W. H.
(Deceased)
Powers, C. F.
Federal Water Quality
Administration
200 S. 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Pritchard, Andrew L.
Department of Biology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Radcliff, Lewis
(Address Unknown)
Radforth, I.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Raney, Edward C.
Ichthyological Associates
301 Forest Drive
Ithaca, New York 14350
Rathbum, R.
(Deceased)
Reighard, Paul
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Reineche, Ottomar
Buffalo Society of Natural
Science
Humboldt Park
Buffalo, New York 14211
(Deceased)
Reinwand, Jerry F.
U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries
Biological Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Robertson, A. D.
(Deceased)
Robertson, A.
Department of Zoology
University of Oklahmoa
Norman, Oklahmoa 73069
Robertson, Imogene C. S.
Buffalo Society of Natural
Sciences
Humboldt Park
Buffalo, New York 14211
Robson, John T.
(Deceased)
Rodd, J. A.
(Address Unknown)
Rodgers, G. K.
Great Lakes Institute
University of.' Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Rolan, Robert G.
Assistant Professor of Biology
Division of Environmental
Science
Cleveland State University
Cleveland, Ohio
Saunders, George W.
Department of Zoology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor,Michigan 48104
-227-
-------
Scadding, Henry
(Deceased)
Skiff, J. V.
(Address Unknown)
Schenk, C. P.
Ontario Water Resources
Commission
Toronto and Department of
Works
Municipality of Metro
Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Scott, W. B.
Department of Ichthyology
and Herpetolopry
Royal Ontario Museum
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Scudder, Charles W.
(Deceased)
Seeber, E. L.
Department of Biology
State University College
Buffalo, New York 1*1222
(Deceased)
Senning, W. C.
Instructor in Zoology
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
Sheppard, R. W.
1805 Mouland Avenue
Niagara Palls, Ontario
CANADA
Sheri, A. N.
Department of Biology
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
CANADA
Sibley, C. K.
John Burroughs School
Clayton, Missouri
Smith, Hugh M.
(Deceased)
Smith, Lester
Commercial Fisherman
Fishery Advisory Committee
Port Washington, Wisconsin
Smith, Stanford H.
U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries
Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
Snyder, J. P.
(Address Unknown)
Snyder, Richard C.
Department of Zoology
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Sparling, J. H.
Department of Botany
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Speirs, J. Murray
Zoology Department
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Ontario
CANADA
Sreenivasa, M. R.
Department of Biology
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
CANADA
Stimpson, William
(Deceased)
Stone, Frederick L.
National Institute of General
Medicine
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
-228-
-------
Stone, Livingston
(Deceased)
Stone, Udell B.
303 Troy Road
Rochester, New York 14618
Struthers, Parke
Associate Professor of
Zoology
Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York 13210
Symons, George E.
86 Edgewood Avenue
Larchmont, New York 10538
Taudvin, J. W.
Ontario Game and Fish
Department
(Deceased)
Tedla, Shibru
Department of Biology
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
CANADA
Tennant, Alan D.
Bacteriological Laboratory
Public Health Engineering
Division
Department of National
Health and Welfare
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Tester, Albert L.
Department of Zoology
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Tinsley, E.
Ontario Game and Fish
Department
(Deceased)
Toman. Frank A.
Analytical Chemist
NYS Department of Environmental
Conservation
Albany, New York
Toner, G. C.
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Toronto Department of Public
Works
23rd Floor East Tower
City Hall
Toronto 100, Ontario
CANADA
Townsend, C. H.
(Deceased)
Tressler, W. L.
Grand Lake, Colorado
True, P. W.
(Deceased)
Tucker, Allan
Office of the Board of Regents
State University System of
Florida
Tallahasee, Florida 32304
Tybout, R. A.
Department of Economics
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio 43210
Ulrlch, Edward C.
(Address Unknown)
U. S. Commission of Fish and
Fisheries - now
U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife
U. S. Department of Interior
Ann Arbor, Michigan 4810?
-229-
-------
U. S. Pish and Wildlife
Service
Department of the Interior
Washington, D. C.
Vanderpost, J. M.
Department of National
Health and Welfare
Public Health Engineering
Division
Bacteriological Laboratories
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Van Oosten, John
U. S. Pish and Wildlife
Service
Ann Arbor, Michigan
(Deceased)
Van Otterloo, H.
Bacteriological Laboratories
Public Health Engineering
Division
Department of National
Health and Welfare
Kingston, Ontario
CANADA
Ver Duin, Claude
(Address Unknown)
Vladykov, V. D.
Department of Biology
University of Ottawa
Ottawa 2, Ontario
CANADA
Walker, Bryant
University of Michigan
Museum of Zoology
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ward, Lester P.
(Deceased)
Watson, Henry
Ontario Game and Pish
Department
(Deceased)
Wavre, M.
Department of Zoology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA
Webster, Dwight A.
Professor Fishery Biology
Department of Conservation
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14850
Webster, J. S.
Ontario Game and Pish
Department
(Deceased)
Wells, L.
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and
Wildlife
P. 0. Box 640
Ann Arbor, Michigan 4810?
Westerman, F. A.
(Address Unknown)
«
Westman, James Ross
Rutgers, the State University
New Jersey Agricultural
Experiment Station
Michol Avenue
New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
Williams, L. G.
Department of Biology
University of Alabama
P. 0. Box 1927
University, Alabama 35486
Wilraot, Samuel
(Deceased)
Wilson, Charles B.
State Normal College
Department of Biology
Westfleld, Massachusetts
-230-
-------
Wood, R. D.
Department of Botany
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Wright, A. H.
113 E. Upland Road
Ithaca, New York
Wright, Ramsay
(Deceased)
Zenkert, Charles A.
Research Associate in Botany
Buffalo Museum of Science
Buffalo, New York 14211
Zimmerli, W. H.
(Address Unknown)
-231-
-------
V. OTHER POSSIBLY PERTINENT REFERENCES
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Stream. 36: 429.
Anon. 1922. Pacific salmon in Ontario waters. Forest
and Stream. 92(6): 257.
Anon. 1953. Discussion on Lake Ontario fisheries. Atlantic
Fisherman. 34(8): 25.
Baldwin, Norman S. Undated. Sea Lamprey in Great Lakes.
Limnos, 1(3): 20-27.
Bolton, T. E. 1957. Silurian stratigraphy and paleontology
of the Niagara escarpment in Ontario. Canada Dept. of
Mines and Technical Surveys. Geological Survey of
Canada. Memoir 289. 145 p. + plates.
Bowles, B. F. 1872. Land-locked salmon. Proceedings
American Fish. Culturists Association. 1: 39-46.
Brinkhurst, R. 0. 1964. Observations on the biology of
lake-dwelling Tubificidae. Arch. Hydrobiology. 60:
385-418.
Buehler, E. G. 1966. Geology of western New York - guide
book. New York State Geographical Association, 38th
Annual Meeting> State Univ. of New York at Buffalo.
116 p.
C. A. B. 1879. A school of fish that may be clupeoids
from Lake Ontario. Chicago Field. 11: 308.
Clark, F. N. 1902. A successful year in the artificial
propagation of the whiteflsh. Transactions American
Fish. Society, pp. S7-99.
Davidson, F. A. and S. J. Hutchinson. 1937. The influence
of natural conditions on the geographic distribution
of the Pacific salmon. Progressive Fish-Culturist,
U. S. Bureau Fish. Memo 1-131(30): 24-34.
Gillette, Tracy. 1947. The Clinton of western and central
New York. New York State Museum Bulletin No. 34l.
191 P.
Grabau, A. W. 1901. Guide to the geology and paleontology
of Niagara Falls and vicinity. New York State Museum
Bulletin No. 45. 9: 284.
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Great Lakes Basin Commission. 1968. The Laurentian Great
Lakes of North America. Uppsala Symposium on the
Management of Larger Lakes and Impoundments. May 13-18,
1968.
Hallam. 1954. Habitat and associated fauna of selected
species of fish In Ontario streams. Unpublished thesis,
Univ. of Toronto.
Harkness, W. J. K. 1946. The determination of the maximum
yield of the Lake Ontario whitefish fishery. Proceed-
ings 9th Meeting Nation. Comm, Pish Cult. Appendix H.
Heard, W. H. 1962. Biology of the Great Lakes sphaeriid
faunas. The Univ. of Michigan, Great Lakes Research
Division. Publication No. 7.
Hobson, George D. and J. Terasmae. 1968. Pleistocene
geology of the buried St. David's Gorge, Niagara
Palls, Ontario. Geophysical and Palynological Studies.
Paper presented at the llth Conference Great Lakes
Research, p. 20.
Hobson, George D. and J. Terasmae. 1969. Pleistocene
geology of the buried St. David's Gorge, Niagara
Palls, Ontario. Geophysical and Palynological Studies.
Dept. of Energy, Mines & Resources. Geological Survey
of Canada. Paper 68-6?. 16 p.
Hurley, D. A. 1970. Seasonal changes in several blotlc
and abiotic constituents of three stations in the Bay
of Quinte. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests. Section
Report (Fisheries) No. 13. 50 p.
Hurley, D. A, 1971. The American eel, AngtU££a n.o&ttia.ta.
L. in eastern Lake Ontario. In press.
Kerr, John W. 1874. The white-fish of the Great Lakes.
II. Lakes Erie and Ontario. U. S. Commission Pish
and Fisheries, Report for 1872-1873, Part 2. p. 80-81.
Kolbe, Carl F. 1927. Fish reduction plant and information
on ciscoes, "eelpouts," alewives and bait minnows, in
Lakes Erie and Ontario. Manuscript: 1-2.
Langford, R. R. 1945. The study of seasonal and annual
plankton production In the eastern end of Lake Ontario,
1945. Canada National Committee Fish Dulture. Manu-
script: 1-12.
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Langford, R. R. 1946. The study of seasonal and annual
plankton production In the eastern end of Lake Ontario,
19^5. Canada, Proceedings 9th Meeting Executive National
Committee Pish Culture. Appendix D. p. 1-7.
Logier, E. B. S. 1957. Changes in the amphibian and rep-
tilian fauna of Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Division
Zoology and Paleontology. Contribution, p. 13-18,
Luther, D, 0. Undated. Geologic map of the Buffalo quad-
rangle. New York State Museum Bulletin 99. 26 p.
McCombie, A. M. and Ivanka V/ile. 1971. Ecology of aquatic
vascular plants in Southern Ontario impoundments. Weed
Science. 19(3): 225-228.
McLarty, D. A. I960. Report on Cta.dophon.a. investigations -
Observations on the nature and control of excessive
growth of Cta.dopkox.ci &p. in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.
Report Ontario Water Resources Commission No. 2.
McLaughlin, Allan J. 1911. Sewage pollution of interstate
and international waters with special reference to the
spread of typhoid fever. I. Lake Erie and the Niagara
River. U. S. Treasury Department, Hygienic Lab Bulletin
No. 77: 1-169. (U. S. 6lst Congress, 3rd Session, House
Document No. 1501).
Mitchell, Samuel L. 1818. Memoirs on ichthyology. Am.
Monthly Mag. and Critical Rev. 2(4): 21*1-2*48 and (5):
321-328.
Nash, C. W. 1891. Pike fishing in Toronto Bay. Forest
and Stream. 36(4): 69.
Nicholson, H. Alleyne. 1872. Preliminary report on dredg-
ings in Lake Ontario. Annals and Magazine of Natural
History. 4th Series. 10: 276-285.
Patton, M. J. 1912. Whitefish of the Great Lakes. Canada,
Commission Conservation, p. 13-24.
Scott, W. B. 1963. A review of the changes in the fish
fauna of Ontario. Transactions Royal Can. Institute.
34(part 2): 111-125.
Scott, W. B. and W. J. Christie. 1962. A review of the
invasion of the lower Great Lakes by the white perch
(R0ccu4 a.mzx.*.c.a.nu.6). Univ. of Michigan, Great Lakes
Research Division Publication No. 7.
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Scott, W. B. and P. E. J. Pry. 1947. Fluctuations in
abundance of freshwater fish with particular reference
to the whiteflsh in Lake Ontario. Manuscript, p. 1-5.
Sheri, A. N. 1968. Growth dynamics of white perch during
colonization of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Ph.D.
thesis, Univ. of Waterloo. 366 p.
Snyder, L. L. 1957. Changes in the avifauna of Ontario.
Royal Ontario Museum, Division Zoology and Paleontology,
Contribution, p. 26-42.
Stone, Udell B. 1942. A survey of the fisheries resources
of the New York State waters of Lake Erie and Lake
Ontario. New York State Conservation Department,
Manuscript, p. 1-87.
Stone, Udell B. 1945. Summary of 1944 study of smallmouth
bass Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River. Mimeo. p. 1-2.
Storr, J. I. 1964. Limnology, 9 Mile Point. In: Prelim-
inary summary on Environmental Hazards. Report by the
Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation to the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers. Docket No. 50-220. Vol. 2,
Appendix 3.
Ward, H. B. 1895. The food supply of the Great Lakes and
some experiments on its amount and distribution.
Transactions American Microscopic Society. 17= 242-254.
Whipple, George C. 1913. Effect of the sewage of Rochester,
New York on the Genesee River and Lake Ontario under
present conditions. In: Report on the Sewage Disposal
Svstem of Rochester New York by Edwin A. Fisher.
App. 5: 177-239.
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VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the librarians and scientists
without whose assistance this compilation would not have
been possible. We are particularly appreciative of the
cooperation by Donna Browning, Elizabeth Robins and Ruth A.
Sparrow of the Buffalo Museum of Science; Emma Posdick of
the Canada Centre for Inland Waters; Rhea Bush of the Erie
County Public Library; Ruth Rehfus of the Great Lakes Lab-
oratory of the Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife (Ann
Arbor); Albert Ballert of the Great Lakes Commission; Jean
Seddon of the University of Toronto; Delloss Matheson of the
City of Hamilton; Arthur Pinsak of the U. S. Lake Survey and
Andrew Robertson of NOAA.
•US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973 514-154/283 1-3 —23°-
-------
SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
1. Report No,
Annotated Bibliography of Lake Ontario Limnological
and Related Studies - Vol. 11 - Biology
7. Author(s)
Downing, Ealine P., James E. Hassan and Robert A. Sweeney
9. Organization _, , _ _ _ n .
Great Lakes Laboratory
State University College at Buffalo
5 Porter Avenue
Buffalo, Hew York 1*4-201
12. Sponsoring Organization
3, Accession No.
w
S. Report Date
6.
8. Performing Organization
Report No.
10. Project No.
protection Agency
IS. Supplementary Notes
Environmental Protection Agency report
11. Contract I Grant No.
16120 EVE
13. Type of Report and
Period Covered
October 1971 - Jan. 1972
number, EPA-R3-73-028b, March 1973.
16. Abstract
Five hundred ninty-six (59^) papers concerning biologi«al aspects of Lake Ontario
and influent tributaries were reviewed and abstracted. Each paper -was cross-
indexed by author, geographic area of lake and/or tributary in which study was
performed, organism, habitat niche and techniques and instrumentation. In
addition, a list of addresses for the authors and agencies was included along with
other possibly pertinent references which the authors were not able to secure
and review within the time limitations of the grant.
17a. Descriptors
17b. Identifiers
17c. COWRR Field & Group
18. Availability
19. Security Class.
{Report)
20. Security Class.
(Page)
Abstractor
21. No. of
Pages
22. Price
Institution
Send To:
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. D. C. 20240
WRSIC 102 (REV. JUNE 1971)
SPO 913.261
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