Working for Clean Water
An Information Program for Advisory Groups
Multiple Use
Instructor Guide
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TM.B program was prepared by
The Pennsylvania State University
Institute of State 6 Regional Affairs
Middletown, PA 17057
Dr. Charles A. Cole
Project Director
Dr. E. Drannon Buskirk, Jr.
Project Co—Director
Prof. Lorna Chr. Stoltzfus
Editor
This unit was prepared by
H. Drannon Buakirk, Jr.
Advisory Team for the Project
David Elkinton, State of West
Virginia
Steve Prishnan, private citizen
Michele Prone, private citizen
John Hazcond, priva;e citizen
Joan Jurancich, State of California
Richard Heatheriington, EPA
Region 10
Rosemary Henderson, EPA Region 6
George Hoessel, EPA Region 3
George Neisa, EPA Region 5
Ray Pfortner, EPA Region 2
Paul Pinault, EPA Region 1
Earlene Wilson, EPA Region 7
Dan Burrows, EPA Headquarters
Ben Gryctko, EPA Headquarters
Robert Hardaker, EPA Headquarters
Steve Haier, EPA Headquarters
EPA Project Officer
Barry H. Jordan
Off ice of Water Programs
Operations
Typists
Teas Startoni, Ann Hirsch, Jan Russ
Student Assiataata
Fran Costanzi, Kathy DeBatt,
Hike Houlds, Terry Switzer
Illustrator
aar•les Speers
0raphica support was provided by
the t if f ice of Public Awareness,
Environmental Protection Agency.
This information ftogram was
financed with federal funds from
the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency under Cooperative
Agreement No. CTS009BO 01. The
information program has been
reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved
for publication. Approval does not
signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and
policiea of the Environmental
Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or
cousnercial products constitute
endorsement of rec endstion
for use.
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Multiple Use
Spurred on by Congressional legislation, multiple use adaptations
are being made of both new and old wastewater treatment facilities.
Although these projects have the single purpose of water clean up,
additional uses of the facilities are being found. Tennis is
played atop a sludge digester tank in Colorado. Small—game
hunting is permitted at a land treatment facility in Michigan. A
New York C±ty plant is well—known for its environmental education
program. Most of these projects, and others around the nation,
involve recreational, open space, and educational uses. Other
activities involving treatment by—products are being pursued, such
as land reclamation in Illinois, and methane production in Iowa.
Even abandoned facilities such as a trickling filter in Ohio are
being given new functions.
Indeed, the potential for treatment facilities to do more than just
clean up wastewaters is practically unlimited.
The objectives of this unit are:
• !ntroduction to opportunities for multiple uses of wastewater
treatment facilities
• identification of citizen input in facility planning and design
• determination of local multiple use needs, and opportunities for
local involvement.
Required Materials
OSet of slides plus cassette tape for A/v presentation entitled:
“Clean Water Recreation: A How—To Slide Show”
O slide projector, cassette tape player, and screen
OSet of transparencies plus overhead projector or set of flip
charts plus easel and/or chalkboard for guided discussion
0 Copy of the handbook, “Multiple Use,” for each participant.
DMap of the local area.
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Important Notes
1. Several instructional options exist. The instructor may:
a. show the slide/tape program without substantive discussion
b. discuss various multiple use options with their strengths
and weaknesses, assisted by the charts and diagrams
c. engage in situation exercises about multiple uses
d. discuss educational and resource opportunity types of
multiple uses.
Any combination of these options may be used, but almost all of
them together are necessary for the total picture. If all the
instructional options are selected, a one—hour session will be
insufficient.
2. In consultation with area or state water quality management
personnel, the instructor should be knowledgeable about multiple
use options that best fit the local situation.
3. Prepare sufficient copies of the situation exercise sheets for
each participant, if this option is used. The instructor may use
the situation exercise sheets provided in the Appendix of this
guide or may develop others that are more pertinent to the local
group.
4. A map may assist the discussion, especially if the participants
are from a broad area.
5. The slide/tape program was co—produced by the EPA and the
1-leritage Conservation and Recreation Service (HCRS). Copies for
free loan are available at regional offices of both the EPA and
the HCRS.
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Suggested Activities
Introductory Comments . 5 minutes
A/V Presentation 15 minutes
Guided Discussion (Selected Options) 25—35 minutes
Closing Remarks 5 minutes
TOTAL TIME 50-60 minutes
Introductory Comments (5 minutes)
1. The consideration of multiple uses of wastewater treatment NOTE: Contents of
facilities is required by law (The Clean Water Act of 1972, the charts are
Section 201). included in the
Appendix.
2. Advisory groups can have input about multiple uses in both
208 areawide plans and 201 facility plans.
In 201 facility planning these inputs are especially signifi-
cant during:
• Selection of consultant
• Preapplication conference
• Preparation of facility plan and public hearing
• Reviews of project plans and specifications.
They are especially significant during the facility planning
and design stages.
3. What about the particular situation? Discuss the local Use Chart 1 —
needs and appropriate points for considering multiple use. Advisory Group
Facilities in
Facility Planning
4. Mainly education, recreation, and open space multiple use and Designs use
options have been developed at plants around the country. Chart 2 as an
Recreational opportunities are illustrated and discussed in overlay.
the A/v presentation.
A/V Presentation (15 minutes)
1. Ask the advisory group to try to relate the information in A/V script is in
the A/V presentation to the community’s own situation. the Appendix.
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2. Show the slide/tape program entitled, “Clean Water
Recreation: A How—To Slide Show.”
3. The slide/tape program discusses primarily multiple uses for
208 plans, such as greenways. Therefore, the emphasis in the
guided discussion centers on mult iple uses for 201 facility
plans, for example, the use of wastewater treatment plant
by—products.
Encourage discus-
sion. This is not
to be a lecture!
Use Chart 3 -
Multiple Use of
Was tewater Trea nent
By-Products
Inrportant to point
out!
Use Chart 4 -
Multiple Use Matrix.
A matrix with
exan7ples is also
provided in the
Appendix for use as
a handout. Funding
sources can be
found in the citizen
handbook.
Four situation
sheets are provided
(A, B, C, D) in the
Appendix.
Guided Discussion (25-35 minutes)
1. Ask for impressions or comments about the A/v presentation.
Clear up these matters before continuing.
2. Uses for wastewater treatment facilities other than
environmental education, recreation, and open space are
increasingly important. Various by—products from treatment
processes also serve useful functions. For example:
• effluent can be used In agricultural Irrigation, industrial
cooling, aquifer recharge, and hydropower generation
• digester heat can warm rooms and keep ice off outdoor surfaces
• sludge can reclaim lands, produce combustible methane gas, anc 1
serve as a fuel source.
Some of these capital Intensive options are more efficiently
designed as multiple purpose projects. As such they would not
qualify for funding under the Constructive Grants Program.
3. Using the multiple use matrix, briefly review the types of
projects, their attributes and drawbacks that are relevant for
the locality, and potential funding sources.
4. Situation exercises also may be used to: (1) underscore
important aspects; (2) cover Incidental matters; (3) serve as
a change of pace; (4) spark informational exchanges among the
participants.
Conduct these exercises in the following way:
a. Assign the participants to groups of three persons.
b. Pass out situation sheets to each person.
c. Give each group two to three minutes to discuss their
responses.
d. Ask for a show of hands on various options.
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e. Then skillfully explore why people made the decisions that
they did, getting them to relate their personal experiences
and insights.
f. There are no absolutely right or wrong answers.
1osing Remarks (5 minutes)
1. Answer any remaining questions.
2. Summarize the major points of the presentation. Use fUp chart or
chalkboard.
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Selected Resources
Green Spaces and People Places: A anual on The Multiple Uses of
Wastewater Treatment Plants . New York, NY: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Region II, 1978. 38 pp.
This manual is an excellent document that mainly
covers the rationale for multiple use, the
successful experiences of plants, the needs and
problems that have been experienced, available
funding, and how to go about multiple use planning.
Other sections list contacts, and give information
sources. Appendices summarize relevant portions
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972
and provide a sample lease agreement. The manual
is strongly oriented to the situations and needs
in EPA Region II. The manual is available from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region
II Office, 26 Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10007
Fulfilling Recreation and Open Space Requirements in Water Qualit
Mangement Planning . os. I and 2. Washington, DC: Heritage
Conservation and Recreation Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 1979. 8 and 11 pp.
These booklets deal only with the range of
considerations involved in recreational and open
space aspects of multiple use planning. In a
question and answer format, Section 201 of the
1977 Clean Water Act is defined, funding and
sponsors are discussed, and multiple use oppor-
tunities are outlined. Aspects of evaluating
recreation possibilities for facility planning,
design, and construction are covered. Both
booklets have charts of funding assistance. The
addresses and telephone number of agency offices
also are given. Copies of the booklets can be
procured from the Heritage Conservation and
Recreation Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 440 G Street, NW, Washington, DC 20243.
Public Benefits from Water Clean—U2 . Washington, DC: Office
of Land Use Coordination, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1978. 41 pp.
This booklet was written by the National Recreation
and Park Association for the EPA. It abounds with
a mixture of success stories, policy discussion,
and the regional planning criteria for sewer
rights of way, treatment plant and lift station
sites, and environmental education programs. It
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also covers funding sources, and implementation aspects.
An appendix features a detailed discussion of legal
considerations. It has ample planning illustrations
and pictures. Because of a policy matter the booklet
has not undergone widespread distribution. Only
photocopies are available at cost from the Office of
Land Use Coordination, Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC 20460.
The Public Benefits of Cleaned Water: Emerging Creenway Oppor-
tunities . Washington, DC: U.S. Environemtal Protection Agency,
Office of Land Use Coordination, August 1977. 31 pp.
This booklet discusses the types of greenways, and
the plan development and implementation processes.
Three examples of Texas, Michigan, and Maine greenways
are described and illustrated. The booklet has many
landscape drawings and diagrams. The addresses of
the regional offices of the Environmental Protection
Agency and the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation also are
given. Copies can be obtained fxom the Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Land Use Coordination,
Washington, DC 20460.
“The Big Cleanup.” Parks and Recreation Magazine , Special water
quality issue. Washington, DC: National Recreation and Park
Association, February 1977. 40 pp.
This magazine is an easy, bouncy introduction to the
Clean Water Act of 1977, and major water quality
issues. Sections entitled, “BOR Looks at Water
Quality,” “Success Stories in Multiple Use,” “Tennis
on a Tank,” and “A New Classroom for Environmental
Education” are especially relevant to multiple use.
Copies of this magazine can be obtained from EPA
regional offices, or from the National Recreation
and Park Association, 1601 North Kent Street,
Arlington, VA 22209.
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Appendix
A. Contents of charts for use by instructor in the suggested
activities. Pages may be used to make transparencies or the
contents may be copied onto flip charts.
1. Advisory Group Activities in Facility Planning
and Design
2. Overlay to use with Chart 1
3. Multiple Use of Wastewater Treatment By—Products
4. Multiple Use Matrix
B. Handouts for use by instructor in the guided discussion.
Copies will need to be made for each participant.
1. Multiple Use Matrix with examples (2)
2. Situation Exercise Sheets
a. Situation A: Multi—Purpose Projects
b. Situation B: Citizen Query
c. Situation C: Advisory Group Inputs
d. Situation D: Local Needs
C. Copy of the script for the slide/tape program, “Clean Water
Recreation: A How—To Slide Show.”
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Advisory Group P ctivities in
F c L ty PIanntng nd Design
Assess
Future ttua ion
denUfy
A ternatives
\1/
Envt ronmental
Assessment
\ /
Assess
Current S tu tiop
Cost- Effectiveness
AnaIysi
\i/
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\ Identify and assess
\ multiple uce needs.
Put multiple use on \Consult with the
agendas o / public and commun•
pubhcmeetings. / ic aTefindings
/ to consultant.
invite reCreatior —
ists and other
in*erestslojoin n
multiple use Raise multiple use
studies. ssue with public.
Arrangefor
nresentatjons to
key constituents — Include multiple use.
(e.g. education
groups).
Conduct detailed
—multiple use
analysis.
Put multiple use
on a9endes of
oublic hearings.
Oversee inctu ion
of multiple use.
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Multiple Use of
Wastewaler 1 reatment By-Products
Agricultural Reuse
Hydroelectric
Industrial Cooling Power
Generation
Wastewater Recharge
Methane Ga5
Effluent
Digester Heat
Ste an-i Power
Generation
Studge and ef use
Waskewater Incineration
Treotment Plant
Land Reclarnat or
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Multiple Use Matrix
Water QuoIi y
\ improvement
\ ects
Multiple-Use
Opportunities
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MULTIPLE USE MATRIX
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OUTDOOR RECREATION
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all—purpose courts
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CONSERVATION
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reclamation sites
crop land
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EDUCATION
environmental classes
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community meeting rooms
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educational tours
CAREER TRAINING
C1JLTURAL TRAINING
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archeological digs
KEY
project with potential — existing projects; see
next page. 13
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(IIJLTIPLE USE PROJECTS
NOTE: These projects are keyed to the Multiple Use Matrix by number.
1. Lowell, Massachusetts — Hiking and bicycLing trail-on the same easement as sewer
interceptor along the canals and river banks in the “urban cultural park” section
of the city.
Bellevue, Washington — Proposed bikevay along an interceptor adjacent to a natural
wetland that is being acquired with money from the Land and Water Conservation
Fund.
2. Evergreen, Colorado— 2 tennis courts on the top of an active digester that were
privately developed for $12,000 and leased from the Sewer Autbority. Multiple—
use of a prime “flat” site.
3. Pacifica Pier, California — 1 mile long popular fishing pier above an outfall
pipe.
4. Miazaisburg, Ohio — Renovation of an abandoned treatment plant into a neighbor-
hood park with money from the Land and Water Conservation Fund. a. mound over
digester — adventure playground; b. aeroclarifier — splash pool and skating rink;
c. sludge beds — paved for tennis, volleyball, and basketball courts.
S. Napiersville, Illinois — a greenway connecting 4 small abandoned treatment plants
that have been converted into recreation sites along the DuPage River.
6. Muskegon, Co., Michigan — Agricultural cash corn crop grown with the aid of spray
irrigation; secondary opportunities — attracts wildlife which allows the property
to be opened for hunting when spray operations cease in winter months.
7. San Antonio River Walk, Texas — An urban greenway in the downtown area that
involved planning by all levels of government and the private and civic sectors.
8. Shenandoah National Park, Virginia — Big Meadows Canpground Area Wastewater
treatment facility was designed for an interpretive self—guiding program to
promote environnental education through visitor awareness.
9. Fulton Co., Illinois — Approximately 13,000 acres of strip—mined land owned by
the sewer district has been reclaimed through the application of sludge.
10. West Windsor, New Jeraey — Stony Brook Regional Sever Authority provided the
opportunity for an archeological aalvage operation of an interceptor line by
college students under the guidance of a professor. Material was analyzed,
catalogued and examined, then sent to a State muaeum.
11. Cook Co., Illinois — Metropolitan Sanitary District is dedicating its lands
adjacent to 3 cleaned—up canals to purpoees of recreation, conservation and
education in Chicago and Evanston.
12. Mew York City — 26th Ward Wastewater Treatment Plant Site — open for educational
tours to school groups.
Washington, DC — Washington Suburban Sanitary Co ission has invited cossnunity
groups and public school classes to tour its plants for the past 20 years.
During that time the Commission has paid school bus transportation costs for
plant tours for two major public school systems.
13. Mapierville, Illinois — Buffer land around new regional treatment plant have been
leased to local Park District for recreational uses including community gardens
and a canoe access facility.
14. Fairfax, Virginia — A regional treatment plant under construction will contain a
complete laboratory training facility.
15. Barrington. Rhode Island — The benred sides of an underground pump station provided
a suitable site to construct bleaches for the adjacent hockey rink.
14 Adapted from EPA Region I II Multiple Use Matrix.
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SITUATION A: MULTI—PURPOSE PROJECTS
EPA policy on multiple use is unclear. Construction funds are ineligible
for parts of multi—purpose projects. Wastewater treatment plants are primarily
designed for single use (water clean up), rather than many purposes such as
co—generation and recreation in addition to treating wastewaters.
Some persons feel that the EPA position is ambiguous. The overall benefits
of multi—purpose facilities outweigh concerns such as who pays and who regulates.
Besides, the distinction between multi—purpose and multiple use is not always
evident. As an advisory group member who favors multi—purpose projects you:
(Choose one or more)
(a) Try to get the grantee to develop multi—purpose facility designs,
anticipating that the EPA will go along with them.
_____ (b) Advise the consultant to develop flexible designs (e.g., location
of pipes, choice of treatment processes) that will permit possible
multi—purpose adaptations in the future.
_____ (c) Ask your Congressman to bring pressure on the EPA to support your
position.
(d) Attempt to get actions from relevant community agencies which have
a bearing upon multi—purpose development (e.g., zoning plans)
_____ (e) Ask your consultant and agency to look at the project as a innova-
tive and alternative treatment option.
(f) Other:
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SITUATION B: CITIZEN QUERY
Although multiple use options are associated with individual treatment
facilities, they can be coordinated on an areawide basis. For example, some
plants can specialize in environmental education activities. These facilities
will have provisions for visitor orientations and tours; work schedules and
personnel assignments will be adjusted accordingly. Such planning allows a
more efficient allocation of resources without duplications of efforts or
opportunities.
This approach creates a problem, however. Which plant gets to do what?
The taxpayers for one plant may not want to drive ten miles to engage in a
multiple use activity at another plant. Saving tax monies overall really may
not matter to the local public. Suppose an irate representative of a large
special interest group is incensed that the 208 plan calls for small—game
hunting at a neighboring land treatment facility located on the other side of
the county. Such a multiple use activity can be developed at the facility
serving the irate citizen. As an advisory group member to the 208 planning
agency, your response to the irate citizen is:
(Choose one or more)
______ (a) Adequate public testimony already has been taken on the 208 plan.
It is a shame this concern was not brought up earlier.
_____ (b) Tell the citizen that you will find out the reasons for the
decision, and call him back.
Cc) Call a public meeting to discuss the issue.
_____ (d) Try to convince the citizen that since the proposed action is best
for the public good, it also is best for the citizen.
(e) Set up a subcommittee of the advisory group to consider the matter.
(f) Invite the citizen to the next meeting of the planning group to give
a presentation of views.
(g) Other: ___________________________________________________________
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SITUATION C: ADVISORY GROUP INPUTS
The development of facilities involves a number of steps, including:
1. Water quality problems 7. Facility planning
2. Proposed project Assess current and future
situations
3. Preapplication conference
Identify alternatives
4. State priority list
Environmental assessment
5. Step 1 application
Cost—effectiveness analysis
6. Step 1 funding
Alternative selection
8. Facility design (Step 2)
9. Facility construction (Step 3)
10. Facility operation
Advisory groups can contribute input throughout the sequence. However,
the grantee may depend upon the advisory group more in some areas (e.g., public
participation) than others (e.g., assessment of types of treatment processes).
Additionally, the advisory group itesif has many things to consider. At which
points in the facility development sequence should the advisory group concen-
trate its efforts on multiple use? What are the advantages and disadvantages
of these choices?
Point in Sequence Advantage/Disadvantages
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SITUATION D! LOCAL NEEDS
Current and future situations are assessed early in facility planning.
Before the planning can proceed, however, an inventory of the local situation
has to be compiled. Just as the realization of pollution problems leads
off the planning process, the identification of multiple use needs is necessary
for multiple use planning.
In a brainstorming session, first list all possible multiple use opportunities
for the community. Then, match the needs of the community with multiple use
opportunities. Finally, identify resources——especially local parties——for
fulfilling the multiple use needs.
Multiple— Use Opportunities Local Needs Resources
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Audiovisual Script
“Clean Water Recreation: A How—To Slide Show”
Slide Description Narrative
1. Blank Turn on tape —.10 seconds of no sound.
2. Words: Clean Water Recreation: Sound of water.
A Row-To Slide Show
3. Picture: Smoke billowing out of We grew up as an industrial nation
smokestacks wrapped in technology, fed on energy,
surrounded by power plants, mills and
factories.
4. Picture: Coal stripmining We shredded ... distilled ... refined
equipment pulverized ... and burned. All with the
intention of leading a good life.
5. Picture: Statue of Liberty But somewhere in the last decaie or two,
“the comfortable good life” took on some
not—so—good qualities. Our waters had
become open sewers for wastes and exotic
chemicals ... neither fish nor people
could use them.
6. Picture: White horse in water We learned an important lesson: that
clean water is essential to well—being ——
that there is a fragile, intimate rela-
tionship between all living things and
their environment.
7. Picture: Adult and child fishing So we began the cleanup of our lakes,
in stream streams and rivers. In 1972, Congress
established a vital national goal for the
decade to follow: to revive the nation’s
waters, making them “swimmable and
fishable.”
8. Picture: Clouds reflected in In that year dramatic amendments to the
clarifier Federal Water Pollution Control Act
committed 18 billion dollars to municipal
sewage treatment. This legislation
initiated — through the Construction Grant
Program of the Environmental Protection
Agency
9. Picture: Plant under construc— —one of the largest public construction
tion and effluent programs in history. Estimates of the
passing over weir total cleanup bill for “swimmable and
fishable waters by 1983” range up to
$100 billion.
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10. Words: Public benefits By 1975, the Department of the Interior’s
Heritage Conservation and Recreation
Service (HCRS), had joined EPA to develop
greater public benefits from the clean-
up effort. This alliance was formed
because the 1972 Act encouraged the
development of recreation and open space
in conjunction with the water cleanup.
11. Picture: Person and dog in And it was an excellent partnership,
canoe because clean rivers, lakes and streams
have always invited people to have fun.
12. Picture: White birches reflected ... And because open space in a natural
in water environment helps to keep water pure.
13. Words: Clean Water Act In 1977, with passage of the Clean Water
Act, Congress pushed beyond encouraging
to requiring that clean waters, recreation
and open space be considered together.
The partnership of EPA and HCRS grew
stronger. In 1978, the two agencies
formalized their working relationship
through a
14. Picture: People and dog Memorandum of Understanding. Their mutu ’
playing in surf goal: to assist EPA grant applicants in
combining recreation and open space with
water clean—up effort.
15. Words: Planning ... to combine Of course planning is the critical elemer
clean water, open space to ensure that only .careful ly thought—out
and recreation projects — hopefully ones combining all
three elements — are built. And in
order to get the greatest value out of
each tax dollar, planning is critical
at two
16. Words: Planning ... at two levels: first, in the broad—ranging
levels ... Water Quality Management Plan or WQM;
second; in the planning of a specific
wastewater treatment facility and its
environs.
17. Picture: Person looking out One of the purposes of Water Quality Mana:
from lighthouse ment Planning is to examine existing and
projected land uses along the nation’s
waters; then, to determine corrective an..
preventative measures that state and loca
governments must undertake to achieve
water quality standards.
20
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18. Picture: Horse in foreground, Planning for the development of recreation
sailboats in background and open space can facilitate the water
cleanup effort. In particular, shoreline
uses can have a direct impact on water
quality. Areas along rivers and streams
can be used as buffer strips to protect
the waters in the future.
19. Picture: Construction machine For example, by careful planning and
legislation, communities can prevent
excessive storm runoff in cities,
suburbs and agricultural areas
20. Picture: Tractors tilling field likewise, they can eliminate poor con-
struction and forestry practices that
cause erosion and lead to sedimentation
in streams and lakes.
21. Map: Florida Your community, like Tallahassee and Leon
County in Florida, could adopt standards
for new construction requiring that run-
off from developed areas does not exceed
natural flows.
22. Map: Michigan Or, as in Michigan, your community can
institute a system for controlling erosion
at construction sites. There, a soil
erosion plan must be prepared for any
development of one acre or larger if it
is within 500 feet of a lake or stream.
23. Words: The greenway The most ambitious planning and develop-
ment effort linking recreation with open
space with wastewater treatment is the
GREENWAY. Greenways are
24. Picture: People riding created when planners look beyond waste—
bicycles water treatment ... to multiple uses of
the same land ... to joint development by
multiple landowners ... to the recycling
of abandoned treatment sites ... to
natural pollution prevention.
25. Picture: Boats docked in front Greenways around the country vary from
of apartment complex areas of open space along a waterway with
a network of trails and parks ... to a
pleasing mixture of housing, coimnerce,
parks, trails and even industry.
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26. Picture: Swimming area at sunset And the benefits to the public from this
type of development justify the effort an
costs. Benefits such as increased land
values; improved health and safety; and
large, high quality areas of recreation
that are accessible ... Plus a stretched
tax dollar.
27. Picture: Creek spanned by One well—planned and effective Greenway
stone bridge effort is the Patriots Path — a 27 mile
long, linear park along the banks of the
Whippany River in southern Morris County,
New Jersey.
28. Picture: People cleaning up Patriots Path is an evolving recreational
site trail system — the project of numerous
civic and environmental groups from towns
along the Whippany — which will link
communities with recreational and histori
areas.
29. Picture: Trail through woods Patriots Path demonstrates the effective
cooperation between individuals, groups
and local governments to preserve a river
ecosystem and create a unique regional
park — a greenway.
30. Words: Coordinating acquisition A common sense practice in Water Quality
and protection measures Management planning is COORDINATING
ACQUISITION AND PROTECTION MEASURES. Sue
coordination, again, stretches the public
dollar by concentrating expenditures on
land which is inexpensive now compared
with its potential value, once cleaned up.
Also coordinated acquisition prevents
repollution of the water by eliminating
uncontrolled development at the water’s
edge.
31. Picture: Three people walking This means for example a local park
towards foot bridge authority, that wishes t purchase water—
side land in the future, can both save
money and protect the waterways by coor-
dinating its acquisitions with the water
clean—up schedule.
32. Map: Land use map But it does take planning and that is wha
Water Quality Management is all about.
It is also about Integrating the findings
from other planning efforts: regional
development plans, local recreation demana
studies and Army Corps of Engineers flood
plain studies, to name some possibilities
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33. Words: SCORP
34. Picture: Surf with mountains
in background
35. Picture: Handicapped people
on foot bridge
36. Picture: Lake swimming area
37. Words: WQM Planning:
1. responsibility of
state and local
“208” agencies.
38. Words: WQM Planning:
2. projects needs and
controls pollution.
39. Words: I?20 1t1 funding, Step 1:
planning
To take advantage of the recreation poten-
tials identified through WQM planning,
perhaps one of the most important plans
in your state is its SCORP or Statewide
Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.
Among other benefits, an approved SCORP
on file in your State Capitol qualifies
you for monies from the Federal Land and
Water ConservaThion Fund.
The SCCRP briefly outlines those factors
which influence your State’s outdoor
recreation activity — factors such as
climate, topography, population, and
wildlife.
In addition, it identifies the recreation
needs of special populations .. the
elderly, the handicapped, the economically
disadvantaged.
Finally, the SCORP proposes certain actions
to be taken over the next five years to
provide more outdoor recreation opportuni-
ties for the citizens of your State. So
even if you are not applying for monies
through HCRS and the Federal Land and Water
Conservation Fund, it makes sense to exa-
mine your State’s SCORP when considering
recreation in Water Quality Management
Planning.
Two final points about Water Quality
Management Planning ... First, it is the
responsibility of State and local WQM
agencies, not the Federal government.
Second, WQM Planning projects future needs
for wastewater treatment facilities; once
a Water Quality Management Plan has been
approved, all 201 construction projects
must be consistent with it.
The EPA funds 201 projects, or the con-
struction of wastewater treatment facilities
in three distinct steps: In step 1 , funds
are provided for planning treatment and
interceptor systems, and for considering
recreation opportunities. Today, many
States, rather than the Federal government,
now certify the Step 1 process, as well as
Water Quality Management Planning.
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40. Words: “201” funding, Step 2: In step 2 , funds are awarded for designing
design/engineering and engineering the projects. And in step
Step 3: construction 3, funds are given for the project’s
actual construction.
41. Words: Multiple use A key concept to keep in mind in any of
these steps leading to construction is
the opportunity for MULTIPLE USE. Multiple
use means the public gets extra value from
the tax dollar by piggybacking a recreation
purpose with development of a wastewater
treatment facility.
42. Graphic: Ice hockey player and The multiple use philosophy was put into
pumping station action in Barrington, Rhode Island. Thanks
to strong public interest and a creative
engineering consultant, a pumping station
was located next to an outdoor ice hockey
rink and designed to form bleachers for
spectators at very little extra cost.
43. Picture: Pipe on pier In New York City, the 26th Ward Plant
shares its sludge loading pier with
fishermen who claim it offers some of the
best fishing around.
44. Picture: Lush park In Fulton County, Illinois, in a novel
twist to multiple use, sludge from the
treatment plant has been applied to
stripmined land to create a lush park.
45. Picture: People bike riding And in Morris County, New Jersey, an
on trail historic canal now shares its path through
the trees with a thirteen mile footpath
and greenway which runs atop a regional
interceptor.
46. Picture: Iron grillwork This multiple use project known as Towpath
Trail has also kindled interest in adja-
cent historic buildings and restoration
of the Boonton Ironworks Historic District.
47. Words: Environmental education A variation of the multiple use philosophy
facility is the ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FACIL [ TY.
Here the treatment site itself serves as
a classroom to foster understanding of
water purification and ecology for the
people of its community.
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48. Picture: Plant schematic display One such facility is the Cedar Creek
Plant in Bayshore, New York. As many as
250 visitors each week tour the plant and
view special displays in a training room
at this fascinating environmental educa-
tion facility.
49. Picture: People touring plant A major benefit of this type of multiple
use facility is to build citizen under-
standing, ultimately leading to greater
citizen tax support.
50. Words: Recycling abandoned treat— Still another opportunity is RECYCLING
ment facilities ABANDONED TREATMENT FACILITIES.
51. Picture: Swimming pool Monticello Municiple Park in Little Rock,
Arkansas, is an award-winning recycling
design. Here a creative engineering firm
converted an abandoned treatment plant
into a swimming pool complex
52. Picture: Playground and a unique adventure playground. A
miracle in comparison to the abandoned
site! These well—executed examples did
not happen by chance.
53. Picture: Overhead view of To effectively combine a treatment facility
treatment facility with recreation and open space there are
designconsiderations fundamental to all
201 projects: compatibility of the area
chosen with surrounding land uses.
Proximity of transportation for maximum
public access
54. Picture: Fenced overlook on Possible need for fencing, utilities, and
lake night lighting ... harmonious design, the
effect of topography, drainage, flooding
physical characteristics of the water
and others.
55. Picture: Group of people at The public should be involved in examining
streamside these and other important considerations.
In fact public participation in Federal
water cleanup and recreation programs is
not only a good idea, but it is also a
legal requirement for WQM and 201 projects.
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56. Picture: People walking along over— And beyond the requirement, involving the
grown tire tracks public from the pre—planning stage fosters
early public interest and long—run public
support.
57. Picture: Children climbing on It also means that the recreation provided
rocks in stream will receive maximum use and will be truly
responsive to public need.
58. Word: Funding Planning and construction cost money. And
often the creative juices flow and imagina-
tions run a lot more freely than does the
money needed to carry out a good idea.
But money can be found as the examples
testify.
59. Words: “208” professional planning In Water Quality Management Planning,
consultants money from EPA is available to hire pro-
fessional planning consultants for the
consideration of recreation and open space
opportunities. At this stage the consul-
tant, working with a SCORP and other
regional plans, can identify these needs
and opportunities for all the 201 projects
in the planning area.
60. Words: Support for recreation and In wastewater treatment facility planning
open space beyond Step 1 most EPA grant support for the development
of recreation and open space, along with
the construction of treatment facilities,
starts In the Step 1 — Planning phase.
However,
61. Picture: Person at controls of even during the construction stage, grading
construction machine and restoration of the land can still be
performed to accommodate recreation use.
62. Picture: People in park Perhaps your plan suggests the need for
more land to create a greenway. Armed
with a plan that is responsive to public
needs, 201 grantees can seek funding
from a variety of sources in addition to
EPA.
63. Words: Land and Water Conserva— HCRS through the Land and Water Conserva-
tion Fund 50% tion Fund provides funds on a 50% matching
basis for recreational land acquisition
and for developing recreational facilities
on the site.
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64. Words; Historic Preservation Funds The FICRS also provides matching funds for
Historic Preservation Fund grants for the
acquisition and rehabilitation of historic
sites and archeological remains.
65. Words: H.U.D. Community Develop— H.U.D. Community Development Block grants
ment Block Grants up to can cover up to 100% of project costs for
100% land acquisition, parks and facility
development. They can also be matched
with Land and Water Conservation Funds and
other Federal funds.
66. Words: U.S. Treasury General Funds from the U. S. Treasury’s General
Revenue Sharing Revenue Sharing program can be used for
these purposes and match any of the
grants just discussed.
67. Uords: U.S. Labor Department The CETA Program of the United States
C.E.T.A. Program Labor Department can employ people to
complete recreation projects — con-
structing trails, and paving bikeways,
for example.
68. Words: state and local State and local governments have special
governments funding programs for recreation and open
space projects. These funds usually make
up all or part of the non—Federal share
of Federal grants—in—aid monies.
69. Word: doubts? But maybe you have some doubts about all
of this? For example
70. Words: complications? delays? will adding recreation to wastewater
treatment facilities create problems?
Will it hold up a 201 con8truction project?
No — there is no reason why planning for
and achieving any or all of the kinds of
public benefits we have described cannot
be synchronized with the process of com-
pleting the project itself.
71. Word: liability? What about liability for public safety?
Simple design features incorporated into
the structure, such as railings, can pre-
vent accidents while permitting public
access.
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72. Words: Increased costs? Will safety features and recreation
facilities increase costs? Costs coul
be increased, but often times not to a
significant extent. Certain safety
features are eligible for 201 funds
with proper justification of expense.
Also remember that the multiple use of
project facilities reduces other commu
costs for recreation.
73. Word: Staffing? Will there be sufficient staff at trea
ment plants to take care of visitors?
Many such facilities now rely on volun...
and school systems to administer enviror
mental education programs.
74. Picture: Person juggling pins, There are some problems, sure, but you
sideview the key to making it work. To make it
work, to see results,
75. Picture: Person juggling pins, people such as yourselves have to be
frontview jugglers ... juggling inputs, potentia
solutions, potential funding, experts,
timetables, standards, and well, the li€
goes on.
76. Picture: Person juggling balls The trick is to keep them all moving, e
in the right place at the right time.
77. Picture: Steamboat at night Eventually, after much unseen, hard won
the public — may applaud the effort.
And through it all the nation’s waters
will be cleaner and more enjoyable for
present and future generations. And tha
everyone’s goal.
78. Credit slide For valuable information and expertise a
every stage of project development, ca
your regional offices of }LCRS or EPA.
79. Credit slide
80. Blank
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Working for Clean Water is a program designed to help advisory groups improve
decision making in water quality planning. It aims at helping people focus on
essential issues and questions, by providing trained instructors and materials
suitable for persons with non—technical backgrounds. These materials include a
citizen handbook on important principles and considerations about topics in water
quality planning, an audiovisual presentation , and Instructor guide for elaborating
points, providing additional information, and engaging in problem—solving exercises.
This program consists of 18 informational units on various aspects of water
quality planning:
• Role of Advisory Groups Innovative and Alternative
Technologies
• Public Participation
Industrial Pretreatment
• Nonpoirtt Source Pollution: Agriculture,
Forestry, and Mining Land Treatment
Urban Stormwater Runoff Graundwater Contamination
Groundwater Contamination Multiple Use
• Facility Planning in the Construction - Environmental Assessment
Grant8 Program
Cost—Effectiveness Analysis
Municipal Wastewater Processes:
Overview Usatewater Facilities
Operation and Maintenance
• Municipal Wastewater Processes:
Details Financial Management
Small Systems
The units are not designed to make technical experts out of citizens and local officials.
Each unit contains essential facts, key questions, advice on how to deal with the
issues, and clearly—written technical backgrounds. In short, each unit provides the
information that citizen advisors need to better fulfill their role.
This program is available through public participation coordinators at the regional
offices of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
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