United States OSWEP '05-230) OERR 9200 6-303 (90-4)
Environmental Protect 0" ORD iRD-689l September 1990
Agency NTIS No PB90-921104
&EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
Fourth Quarter
FY-1990
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United States OSWER (OS-23O OERR 9200 6-303 (90-4)
Environmental Protect on ORD tRD-689) September 1990
Agency NTIS No PB9O-921104
EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
Fourth Quarter
FY-1990
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DISCLAIMER
This report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency distribution only. The information contained
herein has been taken from final documents prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC and the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. These
documents were reviewed in accordance with Agency policy and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT’S NEW IN THE FOURTH QUARTER FY90 HEAST 4
USER’S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY . 8
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC
AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) .
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B:
CARCINOGENICITY B-i
USER’S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY C-i
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE C:
RADIONTJCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY . . . . . . . C-B
REFERENCES FOR TABLES A . . D-1
REFERENCES FOR TABLES B D-96
iii
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INTRODUCTION
This document is the fourth quarter update of the Health
Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared by EPA’s
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office in Cincinnati, OH for
use at both Superfund and RC?A (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act) sites. Previously, the HEAST addressed only chemicals
commonly found at Superfund sites. Beginning with the third
quarter of this fiscal year, the document also includes chemicals
commonly found at RCRA sites as identified by the Office of Solid
Waste’s Technical Assessment Branch. By including chemicals
identified by OSW, the Agency conserves resources, enhances the
completeness of HEAST tables and assists in promoting consistency
within the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Also
acknowledged are the contributions from the Office of Radiation
Programs, which provides data on radionuclides for Table C of the
HEAST.
This update completely replaces the previous edition of this
document. Chemicals considered are those for which Health Effects
Assessment Documents, Health and Environmental Effects Profiles,
Health and Environmental Effects Documents, Health Assessment
documents or Air Quality Criteria Documents have been prepared by
ECAO. Radionuclides considered are those believed to be most
commonly encountered at Superfund sites. This report is an
excellent “pointer” system to identify current literature or
changes in risk assessments for many chemicals of interest to the
Superfund program.
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It is important to remember that the numbers in these tables
alone tell very little about the adverse effects of a chemical or
the quality of evidence on which risk assesments are based.
Original assessment documents must be consulted by users of this
document in order to fully appreciate the strengths and limitations
of a specific data base. Original source documents will allow for
the most complete characterization of potential toxicity associated
with the range of exposure pathways generally evaluated at Super-
fund and RCRA sites. The HEAST is structured to point the user to
these sources.
We recognize that at any point in time there may be multiple
Agency documents or data bases that present conflicting values or
assessments on a specific chemical. For this reason the following
hierarchy of sources is recommended in evaluating chemical toxicity
for Superfund sites:
1. The Agency’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and
cited references. This data base is updated monthly but
may still have data gaps. Call IRIS USER Support at
513/569—7254 (FTS 684-7254) for further information.
2. The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) and
cited references. Limited copies of the HEAST are
available for EPA Superfund staff, States Superfund
programs and other Federal agencies working on Superfund
sites and EPA contractors working for the EPA Superfund
program. If you fall into one of these groups you can
call the Toxics Integrat ion Branch (202) 475—9490 to be
put on the mailing list.
EPA’s Office of Solid Waste (OSW) requests that their
users (i.e. OSW staff, contractors, State solid waste
programs) call Daniel Cruz of the Office of Solid Waste
at (202) 382—4785 to obtain copies. Regional 05W staff
are reminded that copies of the HEAST are sent to all
Regional libraries.
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Users of the HEAST in EPA’s Office of Air and
Radiation and state air programs should call Fred Hauchman
of EPA’S Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards at
(919) 541—5339.
All others must purchase the document from:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487—4650
The NTIS order number to receive all of the quarters for
FY90 is PB-90-921l00. The order number to receive the
Fourth Quarter HEAST only is PB—90-92].104. There is a
charge to receive this from NTIS.
3. Consultation with EPA staff (ECAC’s Chemical Mixtures
Assessment Branch at 513/569—7300; FTS 684—7300).
4. Do not consult either the toxicity tables (Appendix A) in
the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (SPHEM, U.S.
EPA, 1986) or the September 1988 Public Health Risk
Evaluation Data Base (PHRED) as these sources are likely
to contain numerous values that have since become out-of-
date.
Most cited Agency references (e.g., HEAs, HEEPs, HEEDs, etc.),
are (or will soon be) available through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA
22161 (703/487—4650 or 800/336— 4700). Carcinogen Assessment Group
(CAG) Profiles cited in Table B are available through RCRA docket
(800/424—9346)
Questions regarding the contents of the HEAST (e.g., chemicals
not covered, pending RfDs) should be directed to EPA’s Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office in Cincinnati, OH at
(513) 569—7300.
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WHAT’S NEW IN THE FOURTH QUARTER FY90 HEAST
GENERIC ISSUES :
Following recent guidelines established by the RfD Work Group,
which were reviewed and approved by the Risk Assessment Council in
July, 1990, the term “inhalation reference dose (RfD) ” has been
changed to “inhalation reference concentration (RfC).” To reflect
this change in Table A, the column with the heading “Reference
Dose” and with subheadings “Inhalation” and “Oral” has been
replaced by two columns, one with the heading “Inhalation RfC ” and
the other with the heading “Oral RfD.” Consequently, in the
“Compound” column the notations “RfD 5 ” and “RfD” for subchronic and
chronic data, respectively, have been deleted.
When only one entry, in units of mg/rn 3 , appears in the
Inhalation RfC column, it was derived using the current EPA Interim
Methods for Development of Inhalation Reference Doses (see the
User’s Guide: Chemical Toxicity for further information). This
version of the HEAST, however, also presents inhalation risk
assessments derived in earlier Agency documents that used an older
methodology, which estimated an inhalation reference dose in
mg/kg/day. When this older methodology was used, two entries
appear in the Inhalation RfC column, one in units of mg/kg/day and
the other in units of mg/rn 3 . The entry in mg/kg/day was derived by
the older methodology; the entry in mg/rn 3 was estimated from the
entry in the mg/kg/day column by assuming humans weigh 70 kg and
inhale 20 rn 3 /day. ECAO is in the process of reevaluating RfCs
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verified by the Workgroup during next fiscal year.
Recent activity by the RfC/RfD and CRAVE Work Groups has
changed the status (usually from “under review” to “verified” or
from “verified” to “available on IRIS”) of several chemicals in
Tables A and B. Each change of status is not detailed in the list
of chemical-specific changes below. RfC/RfD and CRAVE Work Group
status reports dated 09/30/90 were used in this update of Tables
A and B.
In addition, several other minor changes were made to improve
internal consistency and to conserve space in the tables. Most of
these involved changes in the references column or section. These
changes, when unaccompanied by changes in RfC/RfD values are not
detailed in the list below.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A: OTHER TRAIl CARCINOGENICITY
Acetone
The subchronic RfD, which inadvertently had been missing, was
added.
Acrylic acid
A recently verified inhalation RfC was added.
Aldicarb
A recently verified oral RfD was added.
Barium
A recently verified oral RfD was added.
Chromium III and VI
A recently verified inhalation RfC for trivalent and
hexavalent chromium was added.
1. 3—Dich],orobenzene
This chemical was added to Table A from a 1987 HEA.
1. 3—Dichioropropene
A recently verified inhalation RfC was added.
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N, N-Dimethylforinamjde
A recently verified inhalation RfC was added.
Ethylene glycol Inonobuty]. ether
The inhalation RfC was changed to reflect recent verification.
Hexachiorocyclohexane, delta and epsilon
These chemicals were moved from Table B to Table A because
they are verified EPA weight-of-evidence Group D chemicals
Hydrogen sulfide
Data regarding inhalation exposure and corresponding
references have been updated.
Manganese
Data regarding oral exposure and corresponding references have
been updated. A recently verified inhalation RfC was added.
Methoxychior
Data regarding the oral RfD have been updated to reflect
recent verification.
4, 4 I - Methylene-bis— ( 2-chioroaniline )
This is a new entry to the HEAST from a recently finalized
HEED.
Molybdenum
This is a new entry to the HEAST from a recently finalized
HEED. It should be noted that the National Research Council
considers molybdenum to be an essential trace element and that
the oral RfD of 0.001 mg/kg/day calculated in the HEED falls
at the lower end of the safe and adequate range for intake by
adults. Therefore, an interim RfD of 4E-3 mg/kg/day has been
calculated by the Superfund Health Risk Technology Support
Center (TSC) and this chemical will be scheduled for Workgroup
review in FY91. The interim value derived by the TSC is the
one reported in this HEAST.
Naphthalene
Data regarding oral exposure and corresponding references have
been updated. The oral RfD remains 4E—3 mg/kg/day.
Phosphorus, inorganic compounds
This is a new entry to the HEAST from an Air Quality Planning
and Standards Summary Review Document.
Toluene
Oral data and references have been updated to reflect those
available on IRIS.
1,2, 4—Trjchjorobenzene
An interim oral RfD which is judged to be a more appropriate
value than the old number was added.
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2 • 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene
This is a new entry to the HEAST from a recently finalized
HEED.
Vinyl acetate
This is a new entry to the HEAST from a recently finalized
HEED.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Bromoform
The footnote was changed to indicate that the classification
and quantitative footnotes are available on IRIS.
1. 4-Dichlorobenzene
The classification was changed to C to correspond to the 1987
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (Federal Register.
July 8, 1987. 52: 25690—25717) . This chemical is currently
under review by the CRAVE Workgroup.
Hexachiorocyclohexane. delta and epsilon
These chemicals were moved from Table B to Table A because
they are verified in EPA weight-of-evidence Group D.
I sophorone
The value of the oral quantitative estimate was corrected to
correspond to the value that is verified and available on
IRIS.
Linuron
This chemical was added to Table B because it is verified an
EPA weight-of-evidence Group C chemical.
4, 4 1 -Methylene—bjs— ( 2—chloroaniline )
This is a new entry to the HEAST from a recently finalized
HEED.
N-Nitrosopyrroj, idjne
The values of both the oral and inhalation quantitative
estimates were corrected to correspond to the values that are
verified and available on IRIS.
Pentachl oropheng] .
This chemical and its newly verified values were added to
Table B.
Tetrachloroethylene
An inhalation unit risk that is being considered by the CRAVE
Workgroup has been added.
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Trichioroethylene
The old footnote “i” for oral slope factor has been removed
to indicate that this value is expressed in terms of
administered dose.
2, 4 . 6-Trinitrotoluene
This is a new entry to the HEAST from a recently finalized
HEED.
Vinyl Chloride
The recently verified oral unit risk and slope factor and
inhalation unit risk have been added.
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USER’S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize
reference concentrations (RfCs) and doses (RfDs) for toxicity from
subchronic and chronic inhalation and oral exposure (Table A) and
slope factors and unit risk values for carcinogenicity based on
lifetime inhalation and oral exposure (Table B). A more complete
discussion of how Superfund develops and considers the toxicity
assessment in hazardous waste sites is presented in Chapter 7 of
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Human Health Evaluation
Manual Part A. The chemicals included in the tables are the
subjects of final drafts of Health Effects Assessment documents
(HEAs), Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (HEEPs), Health
and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDS), Health Assessment
Documents (HADs) and Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD5). Also
included in the HEAST are chemicals commonly found at RCRA sites
as identified by the Office of Solid Waste Technical Assessment
Branch. The information in HEA Summary Tables A and B is excerpted
from the original documents and is expanded and updated quarterly
to include chemicals addressed in HEAs, HEEDS, HADs and AQCDs that
have been finalized since the last update and to bring existing
values into conformity with more recent EPA assessments, especially
RfC/RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications. The references listed
for each chemical in the Reference column and References section
represent not only the study or studies that are the basis for the
RfC, RfD, slope factor or unit risk, but also the U.S. EPA
reference that is the source of the Agency analysis or risk
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assessment values and the IRIS citation for values verified by the
RfC/RfD or CRAVE work groups. Verified values are indicated in the
tables by a footnote.
The following documents cited in this section may be obtained
from their respective sources:
From the Center for Environmental Research Information
(513)569—7562.
Risk Assessment Guidance: Volume 1, Human
Health Evaluation Manual, Part A. EPA/540/1-
89/002.
Air Quality Criteria Documents.
From the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
(703)487—4780.
Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Doses. EPA/600/8-88/006F. Order
number PB9O—145723. The price is $31.00.
Table A: Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity (other than Carcino-
genicity )
The RfC or RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of the daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a portion
of the lifetime, in the case of a subchronic RfC or RfD (designated
“subchronic” in Table A and formerly called AIS), or during the
lifetime, in the case of a chronic RfC or RfD (designated “chronic”
in Table A and formerly called AIC). The RfC and RfD values are
listed in Table A in columns with headings “Inhalation RfC” and
“Oral RfD.” The RfC or RfD is derived by dividing the NOAEL (or
LOAEL if a suitable NOAEL is not available) for subchronic or
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chronic exposure by an uncertainty factor (UF) times a modifying
factor (MF):
RfC or RfD = NOAEL or LOAEL
UF x MF
In Table A, the NOAEL or LOAEL that is the basis for the RfC or RfD
value is listed under “Exposure.” When a NOAEL or LOAEL is
reported in terms of exposure concentration and schedule, the
calculated mg/kg/day dose for oral and inhalation studies assessed
by the older method is given in parentheses. An inhalaed mg/kg/day
dose is not calculated for studies assessed by the newer Interim
Methods. The species in which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined
and the effect of concern are also described, and the reference for
the study is presented. The effect of concern listed is that
associated with the chemical and not necessarily with the dose
listed. In the “Exposure,” “Effect of Concern” and “Reference”
columns, information for the inhalation route is given first,
separated from information for the oral route by a semicolon or
slash.
The uncertainty factor used in calculating the RfC or RfD
reflects scientific judgment regarding the various types of data
used to estimate RfC or RfD values. An uncertainty factor of 10
is usually used to account for variations in human sensitivity when
extrapolating from valid human studies involving subchronic or
long-term exposure of average, healthy subjects. An additional 10-
fold factor is usually used for each of the following extrapola-
tions: from long-term animal studies to the case of humans, from
a LOAEL to a NOAEL, and to expand from subchronic to chronic
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exposure. In order to reflect professional assessment of the
uncertainties of the study and data base not explicitly addressed
by the above uncertainty factors (e.g., completeness of the overall
data base), an additional uncertainty factor or modifying factor
ranging from greater than 0 to less than or equal to 10 is applied.
The default value for this modifying factor is 1.
A subchronic RfC or RfD is usually derived, if not previously
derived in health effects documents that originally addressed the
chemical, for chemicals for which a chronic RfC or RfD is presented
in Table A. The subchronic RfC or RfD is derived in either of two
ways. If an uncertainty factor to expand from subchronic to
chronic exposure was used in the derivation of the chronic RfC or
RfD, the subchronic RfC or RfD is derived from the same benchmark
concentration or dose without application of the uncertainty factor
to expand from subchronic to chronic exposure. If, however, the
chronic RfC or RfD was derived without use of an uncertainty factor
to expand from subchronic to chronic exposure, the chronic RfC or
RfD is adopted as the subchronic RfC or RfD.
Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor,
multiplied together to form a single factor, under the heading
“Uncertainty Factor.” For example, the uncertainty factor of 500
listed for the chronic oral RfD for cyanide reflects an uncertainty
factor of 100 and a modifying factor of 5; the uncertainty factor
of 100 listed for the subchronic oral RfD for bromomethane reflects
an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of 1.
RfC and RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for
which they are listed on Table A. In the few instances where an
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oral RfD has been extrapolated from inhalation data, the extrapola-
tion is indicated by footnoting the value.
The interim methods for the derivation of inhalation RfCs were
adopted by the Agency in 1988. These methods are different from
those used for oral RfDs because of (1) the dynamics of the
respiratory system and its diversity across species, and (2)
differences in the physicochemical properties of contaminants (such
as the size and shape of a particle or whether the contaminant is
an aerosol or a gas). Parameters such as deposition, clearance
mechanisms and the physicochemical properties of the inhaled agent
are considered in the determination of the effective dose delivered
to the target organ. Additional information concerning this
methodology can be found in “Interim Methods for Development of
Inhalation Reference Doses” (U.S. EPA, 1989, EPA/600/8-88/066F).
An Rf C value calculated using this interim methodology is generally
reported as a concentration in air (mg/rn 3 ), although it may be
converted to a corresponding inhaled dose (mg/kg/day) by dividing
by 70 kg (an assumed human body weight) and multiplying by 20
m 3 ,’day (an assumed human inhalation rate).
Inhalation RfD values reported in HEAS and early HEEDs that
were finalized prior to the implementation of the interim methods
were calculated using methods similar in concept to those used for
oral RfDs. These values are reported both as a concentration in
air (in mg/rn 3 for continuous, 24 hours/day exposure) and as a
corresponding inhaled dose (in mg/kg/day) in the column “Inhalation
RfC.”
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RfD values for oral exposure are reported as mg/kg/day. An
oral RfD value can be converted to a corresponding concentration
in drinking water, assuming human body weight of 70 kg and water
consumption of 2 a/day, as follows:
mg/e in water = oral RfD (in mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
2 e/day
The RfC or RfD is used as a reference point for gauging the
potential effects of other exposures. Usually, exposures that are
less than the RfD or RfD are not likely to be associated with
health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding the RfC or
RfD increases and as the size of the excess increases, the prob-
ability increases that adverse health effects may be observed in
a human population. Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would
categorize all exposures below the RfC or RfD as “acceptable”
(risk-free) and all exposures in excess of the RfC or RfD as
“unacceptable” (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In
addition, RfC and RfD values, and particularly those with limita-
tions in the quality or quantity of supporting data, are subject
to change as additional information becomes available.
When RfC or RfD values are listed for chemicals that are
carcinogens, the entry under “Effect of Concern” in Table A will
list cancer and will refer to Table B if additional information
concerning carcinogenicity is available in that table. RfC and RfD
values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpoints only and should not be assumed to be protective
against carcinogenicity.
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Table B: Carcinogenicity
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the
Human Health Assessment Group (HHAG) of the U.S. EPA classifies the
chemical into one of the following groups, according to the weight
of evidence from epidemiological studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carcino-
genicity in humans)
Group B - Probable Human Carcinogen (Bi - limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans; B2 - sufficient evidence
of carcinogenicity in animals with inadequate or
lack of evidence in humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals and inadequate or lack
of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity
(inadequate or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of Noncarcinogenicity for Humans (no
evidence of carcinogenicity in adequate studies).
These classifications are shown under “EPA Group” on Table B.
Quantitative carcinogenic risk assessments are performed for
chemicals in Groups A and B, and on a case—by-case basis for
chemicals in Group C. Cancer slope factors (formerly called cancer
potency factors in the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual)
are estimated through the use of mathematical extrapolation models,
most commonly the linearized multistage model, for estimating the
largest possible linear slope (within the 95% confidence limit) at
low extrapolated doses that is consistent with the data. The slope
factor or risk is characterized as an upper-bound estimate, i.e.,
the true risk to humans, while not identifiable, is not likely to
exceed the upper-bound estimate and in fact may be lower.
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Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table B include
the following:
slope factor = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
route—specific unit risk for inhalation exposure = risk per
concentration unit in air = risk per g/m 3
Unit risk estimates for inhalation and oral exposure can be
calculated by dividing the appropriate slope factor by 70 kg and
multiplying by the inhalation rate (20 in 3 /day) or the water
consumption rate (2 i/day), respectively, for risk associated with
unit concentration in air or water. Hence,
risk per g/m 3 (air) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 . x 20 xn 3 /day x l0 3 (mg/j&g)
70 kg
risk per Mg/i (water) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 2 t/day x iO (mg/pg)
70 kg
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under “Unit
Risk [ slope factor]” in Table B. Information on the study and data
set used for estimation of the slope factor is given in the other
columns of Table B. In the “Exposure” and “Reference” columns,
information for the inhalation route is given first, separated from
information for the oral route by a semicolon or slash.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates are specific for the route
of exposure for which they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are
used in Table B to indicate those instances in which the values for
inhalation or oral exposure are based on extrapolation from another
route of exposure.
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To estimate risk-specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table B, the specified level of risk
is divided by the unit risk for air. Hence the air concentration
(in g/m 3 ) corresponding to an upper-bound increased lifetime
cancer risk of 1x10 5 is calculated as follows:
/.Lg/m 3 in air = 1x10 5
unit risk in ( g/m 3 )’
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in drinking water
from the oral slope factor values presented in Table B, the
specified level of risk is multiplied by 70 kg and divided by the
slope factor and by 2 t/day. Hence, the water concentration
corresponding to an upper-bound increased lifetime cancer risk of
lx1O is calculated as follows:
mg/i in water = 1x10 5 x 70 kc
slope factor in (mg/kg/day)’ x 2 i/day
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HEALTh FaTb ASSES *3ITS SIJS4ARY TABLE A: SIJHCHRON IC AND ( RflN IC T ICITY (Ofli TRAM CAIHINOGENICITY)
Update Sept er , 1990
NA, 2 pp. in the diet
for 13 week. (0 135
tng/kg/day)
chronic NA. 2 p in tb. di.t.
for I) we s (0 1)5
./bg/d.y)
Ac .ton.
s . chionic NA. 100 s/bS/day
for SO days by
S.v .
chronic IA. 0O /b /4*y
for SO days by
lava’.
Acetone cyanohydrin
rubchronic 10 1 pp. (35.2 m8/cn 3 )
6 hours/day, S days/week
for 14 week. (4.0 mg/kg/
day); 10.8 m CR/k g/doy
for 104 w.eka from diet.
treated with 8CM
chronic 10.1 pp. (35.2 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 5 deys/w.ek
for 14 week. (4 0 mgfkg/
day); 10.8 mg CM/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with 8 CM
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
300 U S EPA. 1987/
U S EPA. 1987.
1989, 1990
3000 U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA. 1987,
1989. 1990
U S EPA, 1987
NA 30 NA/Chevron Chern
Co . 1987.
U S EPA. 1984,
1990
NA 30 NA/Chevron Chem
Co , 1987;
U S EPA, 1984,
1989
NA 100 U S EPA. 1988/
U S. EPA, 1986.
1988, 1990
NA 1000 U S. EPA. 1988/
U S EPA. 1986,
1988, 1990
100 500 Blank and Theke,
1984. U S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hansel, 1955;
U S EPA.
1985a,b, 1988
100 500 Blenk and Thake,
1984; U S. EPA,
1988/Howard and
Hansel, 1955.
U S EPA.
1985a,b, 1988
Expo .uro
Inhalation; Oral.
NA; 175 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 day.
NA; 175 mg/kg/day by
gevage for 90 day.
Compound
Acenaphthene
.ubchroni c
chronic
Acenaphthy leno
Ac ephate
aubchronlc
Unc or t. a I nty
Inhalation
NA
NA
Speciea Effect of Concern Inhalation RIC Oral RID
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral 1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA, hepatotoxicity ND 6E-l
NA mouse NA, hepatotoxicity ND 6E-2
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 1
NA rat NA, inhibition of brain ND 4E-3
ACha se
NA ret NA, inhibition of brain ND
AChes.
(also see Table B)
NA rat. NA Increas.d liv.r and MD IE+0
kI ’iey weight. n.phro
toitc ity
NA ret. NA, incr..e.d liver and ND IE-1’ t
k ldn.y weight. n.phro-
to. Ic i L
rat rat CNS aigna; body weight, 1E-1 (4E-2) 7E 2n
thyroid and CNS effect.
rat. rat CNS .igns, body weight, 1E-1 (4E-2)
thyroid and CNS effect.
A-i
-------
HEALTH T TS ASS ( TS S*JI44RY TABLE A: S1JB 1C AND IC 1 ICITY (OTH THAN CARCINOGF2IICITY)
Update: Sept ther , 1990
100 ppn (168 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 65/92
days (39 0 rngAg/ ay),
100 p (168 mg/rn
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
chronic 100 p (168 ing/m 3 )
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
p (168 tng/m ) 6
hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/rn 3 continuously
for 70 days (0.0045
mg/kg/day); 10,000 PP
diet (8450 p , correcting
for volatilization) for
17 weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
chronic 0.00? mg/rn 3 continuously
for 70 days (0.0045
mg/kg/day); 10,000 ppn
diet (8450 p , correcting
for volatilization) for
17 weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
mouse mouse elevated relative
liver weight;
elevated relative
liver weight
mouse mouse decreased RBC counts
and hematocrit, and
hepatic lesions;
decreased RBC counts and
hematocrit and hepatic
lesions
rat rat congestion of cardiac
vessels and liver dys-
trophy. reduced ethumin/
globulin ratio, none
observed
rat rat congestion of cardiac
vessels and liver dys-
trophy, reduced albumin/
globulin ration, non.
observed
rat. NA pulmonary function IE- 4-’ NO
and lung composi-
tion, NA (also see
Table B)
300 300 Coate, 1963,
U S EPA, 1987/
Coate, 1983,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
3000 Coats, 1983,
U S EPA, 1987/
Coate, 1983,
U S EPA,
1987, 1990
100 300 Irnasheva, 1966,
U S EPA, 1967/
Hagan et al
1967; U S EPA,
1990
3000 Imsahova, 1966,
U S EPA, 1987/
Hagan at al
1967; U S EPA,
1990
300 NA Costa et al
1986; Kutzguan,
1981; Kutzman,
et al , 1985,
U S EPA, 1987/
U.S EPA, 1987
NA Costa et al
1986, Kutzman,
1981, )Cutvnsn,
at al , 1985,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990/U S EPA,
1987
Acet,onitrile
subchronic
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Inhalation
Oral
InhaLation/Oral
Acetophenone
subchroni c
3000
SE-i (1E-1) 6E-2
5E-2 (1E-2) 8 6E_ 3 b,z
2E-4 (5E-5) IE+0
2E-5 (5E-6)q 1000
ND
Acrelein
aubchronic 0.4 ppn, 6 hours/day,
5 day./w..k for 62 days,
NA
chronic 0 4 p , 6 hourslday,
S days/w.ek for 62 days;
NA
rat NA pulmonary function 1E-3
and lung composi-
tion, NA
3000
A- 2
-------
HEALTH EPV TS ASS 4 TS S (N* ARY TABLE A: SUB NIC AND IC 1 ICITY (OTH THAN CA INO 1CITY)
Update: Sept. or, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral.
Inhalation/Oral
NA; 0 2 m8/k8/day in th.
drinking water for 90
days
chronic NA, 0 2 mg/kg/day in the
drinking water for 90
days
0 5 ppn (14 94 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 5 daye/w ek
(LOAEL(HEC)—O.33 cng/m’),
83 mg/kg/day in the water
for 3 months
chronic 0 5 p (14 94 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 5 dsys/w ek
ILOAEL(HEC)—0 33 mg/rn’),
83 mg/kg/day in the water
for 3 months
MA rat, NA. nerve damage
(also see Table B)
mouse rat, lesions
mucosa,
weight,
weights
NA 100 NA/Burek et al
1980, U S EPA,
1985, U S EPA.
1990
NA 1000 NA/Burek et al
1980, U S EPA,
1985, U S EPA.
1990
100 100 Miller et al
1981; U S EPA.
1990/DePass
et al , 1983,
U S EPA, 1984.
1990
1000 Miller et al
1981. U S EPA.
1990/DePass
et, al , 1983,
U S. EPA. 1984,
1990
Adiponitrile
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U S. EPA, 1887
1E-2 NA 100 NA/Monsanto
Company, 1984,
U S EPA. 1984,
U S EPA, 1890
chronic MA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavege for 1 year
Aldicarb
aubchronic
chronic MA, 1 p diet for
aldicarb sulmoxide in
diet for 3-6 months
NA dog NA, hemolytic anemia,
hemosiderosis
(also see Table B)
NA dog NA, plasma cholinesterase
inhibition
NA dog NA. plasma cholinesterase
inhibition 1
NA 100 NA/Monsanto
Company, 1984.
U S EPA. 1984,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 300 NA/Hazelt,on
Labs America,
Inc , 1988
NA 300 NA/Hazelton
Labs America,
Inc • 1988
Acrylamide
subchronic
NA rat NA, nerve damage
Acrylic acid
subchronic
mous. rat lesions of the nasal
mucosa, reduced body
weight, altered organ
weights
ND 2E-3
ND 2E-4 5
3E-3 8E-1
3E-4 8E_2a
Alachior
aubchronic
of the nasal
reduced body
altered organ
NA. 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
1000
NA dog NA, hemolytic anemia,
hemosiderosis
ND
NA, 1 ppo diet for
1 year (0 02 iug/kg/day)
ND IE_2a
ND 7E-5
ND 7E-5J
A-3
-------
BEALTU yf - - A 5S Q T5 SIR+i4RY TABLE A: SUBCBRONIC AND Q RoIuc UDC ICIlY (0TR i THAN CA II iEI 1C1Tf)
Update: 5ept ther, 1990
Aidrin
subchronic NA, 0.5 p in diet
for 2 years (0 025
m&/k6/day)
chronic NA; 0 5 p in diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA SO pi in the
di mains .et• I.., i
w.sS$ it S .4IS$ dSV)
Ailyl chIo id. I) mhio,opiop.n.i
s...bch,omic oc...ptswial NA
chioe ic occupstiofla i, MA
Alwnint
Aluminum phosphide
subchronic NA; 0 51 mg phosphine/kg
fumigated chow for 2
years (0 25 mg phosphin./
kg/day) (0.0 3 me
aluminum phoaphin./kg/dey)
chronic NA; 0.51 mg phosphin./kg
fumigated chow for 2
years (0 25 mg phosphin./
kg/day) (0 043 me
aluminum phosphine/kg/day)
NA rat NA, liver lesions ND
NA rat NA, liver lesions ND
(also see Table B)
NA, body weight and NA
clinical parameters
NA 1000 NA/Fitzhugh,
et al , 1964,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Fit ,zhugh
at al , 1964,
U S EPA, 1981,
1990
U S EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/Carpanini
at al , 1918,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Carpenini
at al , 1978,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 100 NA/ACGIH, 1980,
U S EPA, 1963
NA 100 NA/ACGIH, 1980;
U S EPA, 1983
U.S EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/Rackanburg
1972, U S EPA,
1990
4E-4 5 NA 100 NAfllackenburg
1972, U S EPA,
1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Allidochior
Allyl alcohol
subchroni c
NA; 50 ppn in the
drinking water for 15
w.k. (t 6 mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA, liver end kidney ND
NA at NA liver and bidney ND
3E-5
SE -2
SE- 3 e
ZE .3b
PA
PA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
itv.i PA ND
liver, MA ND
(also see Tab I. B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSES €NT
NA, body weight and NA
clinical parameters
A- 6
-------
UEALTU tarr ,g ,-r ASS TS SIJ (ARY TABLE A: SIJBC IC M D CHRONIc Tc iciry (OTHER THAN CA INOGl ICITY)
Update Septmther, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Ametryn
subchronic NA, 10 mg/k8/day, 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
chronic NA, 10 mg/kg/day, 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
1-Amino-2-naphthol and
l-Amino-2-naphthol hydrochloride
mAminophenol
subchroriic NA; 1300 ppa in the
diet for 13 week. (65
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1300 p n in the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
o-Aminophenol
p-Aminopbenol
4-Aminopyridine
subchronic NA; 3 ppn in di.t
for 90 day. (0 15
rag/kg/day)
chronic NA; 3 p in dist
for 90 days (0.15
mg/kg/dey)
A on is
subchronic 0 36 mg/n 3 continuous;
9934 mg/f in drinking
water
chronic 0 36 mg/rn 3 continuous;
34 mg/f in drinking
water
human human odor threshold. 0 36 C,g
taste threshold
NA/Ciba-Geigy.
1961, U S EPA.
1984. 1990
NA/Ciba-Geigy.
1961. U S EPA.
1984, 1990
U S EPA. 1986
NA/Re et al
1984. U S EPA.
1985
NA/Re at al
1984, U S EPA.
1985
U S EPA. 1985
U S EPA. 1985
U.S EPA, 1989/
Kohn, 1968. U S
EPA, 1980. 1989
U.S EPA, 1989/
Kohn, 1968, U S
EPA, 1980, 1989
none Carson at al
1981; U S EPA,
1987/Campbell
at al., 1958,
U S. EPA, 1981,
1987; WHO, 1986
none Carson at, al.
1981, U S EPA,
1987/Campbell
at. .1 , 1958,
U S EPA, 1981,
1987, WHO, 1986
Species
Effect of
Concern
Inhalation RIC
Oral
R!D
Uncertainty
Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation, Oral
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
(mg/kg/day)
Inhalation
Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA
rat
NA, Liver
ND
9E-2
NA
100
NA
rat.
NA. liver
ND
9E-3 5
NA
1000
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
RISK
ASSESSMENT
NA
rat
NA, thyroid and body
weight
ND
7E-l
NA
100
NA
rat
NA, thyroid and body
weight
ND
7E-2
NA
1000
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
RISK
ASSESSMENT
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
RISK
ASSESSMENT
NA
ret
NA. increased liver
(males) and brain
weight (females)
ND
ZE- 4
NA
1000
NA
ret
NA, increased liver
(males) and brai?
weight (females)
ND
2E-
NA
10,000
human
human
odor threshold,
taste threshold
0 36
34 mg/f
in dr nking
water
34 mg/f
in dr nking
water
none
none
A-I
-------
i.i ’u ss a s S1 RY TABLE A: SU8( NDIq1C AND CHR(mIC TWC IC ITT (OTH l THAN C1l 5NICITy)
Update: Septncrk,er, 1990
Anthreceno
subchronic NA, 1000 mgIk8/day
by gavage for 90 daya
chronic NA, 1000 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 90 day.
NA, 5 p Sb from
antimony potasaiws
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
chronic NA; 5 p Sb from
antimony potasaium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
Antimony pentozido
aubchronic NA, 5 p Sb from
antimony potaseitss
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0 35 mg Ba/kg/day,
0. 6 mg Sb 2 0 5 kg/day)
chronic NA; 5 ppn Sb from
antimony pot.aaiws
t.rtrat. in drinking
wat.r, lifetime
(0.35 n Sb/kg/day,
0. 8 mg 5b 2 0 5 kg/day)
NA; S p Sb from
antimony potaseiws
tarirate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0 35 . Sb/kg/day,
0 93 mg SbK tertrat./
kg/day)
NA rat. c ance r°, reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancere, reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancere, reduced
lifespan, altered
blood cherni5tries
NA rat cancere; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1981/
Schroeder
ot at., 1970,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at. al , 19)0,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at at., 1970,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at al , 1970,
U S. EPA, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhelation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1 mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Antimony
subchronic
NA mouse NA, No affects
NA mouse NA, No effects 1
NA 300 NA/U S EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 3000 NA/U S EPA,
1989, 1990
ND 3E+0
ND 3E-1
ND 4E-’s
ND
ND 5E-4
ND 5E-
ND 9E-
Antimony potassiws
tartrate
aubchronic
NA rat cancere. reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at. al., 1970;
U S EPA, 1965,
1987, 1990
A-S
-------
REALTh U Y& ASS !TS SIJIART TABLE A: SU8CHR0 IC AND CHRONIC T(BC Id TY (OTH ( THAN CA I )G ICITT)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)
Oral. RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncart.ainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 5 pj Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrata in drinking
water, lifetime
(0 35 mg Sb/kg/day,
O 93 mg SbK t.artrate/
kg/day)
Antimony tet.rozide
subchronic NA. 5 ppn Sb from anti-
mony potassium tartrate
in drinking water, life-
time (0 35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0 44 rng Sb 2 O 4 /kg/day)
chronic NA. S ppn Sb from anti-
mony potassium tartrate
in drinking w8ter. life-
time (0 35 ing Sb/kg/day.
o 44 Sb 2 O 4 /kg/day)
Antimony trioxide
subchronic NA. 5 p i Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate in drinking
water, lifetime
(0 35 eg Sb/kg/day.
0 42 mg Sb 2 0 3 /kg/day)
chronic NA; S ppn Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrat. in drinking
water, lifetime
(0 35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0 42 ing Sb 2 0 3 /kg/day)
NA rat, cancere, reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancere. reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancere, reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
HA rat cancere, reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat canc er°; reduced
lifespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al , 1970.
U S EPA. 1987.
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
at al , 1970,
U S EPA,
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at al , 1970,
U S EPA, 1985,
1987, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at al., 1970,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
at al , 1970;
U S EPA, 1985,
1987, 1990
Aremi to
subchroni c
chronic NA; 100 p in
diet for 104 weeks
(S mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; degenerative liver ND
effect
NA rat NA, increased liver ND
weight
(also see Table 8)
1E-1 NA 100 U S EPA, 1989/
Oser end Oser,
1960
5E-2 8 NA 100 U S EPA, 1989/
Popper at at
1960, Oser and
Oser, 1962
ND 9E—4
ND 4E-4 1
ND 4E-4
ND 4E-4
ND 4E-4 1
NA; 500 p in diet
for 52 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
A-?
-------
EZALTU EFF TS ASS 4 ITs S (I*4ARY TABLE A: SUB( )IIIC MID IC T( ICITY (OTH lUAu
Update: &upte er. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/ms (aig/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Atrazine
subchronic
chronic NA; 10 p in the diet,
2-generation study
(0.5 mg/kg/day)
1 15 mg BaCO3 m 3
(0 60 ag Ba/rn ) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0 1’. mg 8./kg/day).
10 ng/C Ba in drinking
water (1 5 C/day) for
10 weeks
chronic 1 15 mg 8acO3 cn 3
(0 80 mg/Ba/a ) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0 14 mg Ba/kg/day),
10 ag/C Ba in drinking
water (1.5 C/day) for
10 weeks
NA; 10 p barium in
drinking water for up
to 16 months, equivalent
to barium cyanide at
7 mg/kg/day
chronic NA, 10 p barium in
drinking water for up
to 16 months, equivalent
to barium cyanide at
7 rig/kg/day
NA human NA, keratosia and ND
hyperpigmentation
NA human NA, keratosis and ND
hyperpigmentation
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, decreased body
weight of pups
NA rat NA, decreased body
weight of pups
rat human fetotoxicity, increased
blood pressure
rat human fetotoxicity, increased
blood pressure
NA 1 U S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng, 1977
NA 1 U S EPA, 1984/
Taeng, 1977
NA 100 NA/Ciba-Geigy,
1887, U.S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 100 NA/Ciba-Geigy,
1987, U S. EPA,
1984, 1990
3 Tarasenko at
al , 1977,
U S EPA, 1984/
Won a et al
1990, Brenniman
and Levy, 1984,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
3 Tarasenko at
al , 1977,
U S EPA, 1984/
Wones at al
1990, Brennjmaj
and Levy, 1984,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 100 NA/Perry at at
1983, U.S. EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/Perry et at
1983, U S EPA,
1990
Arsenic
aubchronic HA, 1 pg/kg/day
chronic NA, 1 pg/kg/day
HA, 10 p in the diet,
2-generation study
(0.5 mg/kg/day)
Barium
aubchron i c
1E-3
1E-3
ND SE-3
ND SE_3a
SE-I (lE 3) 7E-2
5E-4 (1E-4)
ND 7E-2
7E_2z
Barium cyanide
subchronic
100
1000
NA rat NA, hypertension
NA rat NA, hypertension ND
A- 8
-------
NA, 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
NA. 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
cyanohydrin
NA, 160 ppn b.n idine
dihydrochioride in
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 160 p bentidine
dihydrochioride in
drinking water for
33 months
(27 2 mg/kg/day)
NA; p.r capit, daily
dietary intak. of
bensoic acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; per Capita daily
dietary intake of
benzoic acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 NA/Eli Lilly
Co • 1972,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
100 NA/Eli Lilly
Co . 1972.
U S EPA. 1984.
1990
U S EPA. 1985
100 NA/Kluwe et. at
1983. U S EPA.
1985, 1990
1000 NA/Kluwe et at
1983. U S EPA.
1985, 1990
U S EPA. 1988
1000 U S EPA. 1987/
Littlefield
et el. . 1983.
U S. EPA. 1990
1000 Ii S. EPA. 1987/
Littlefield
at al . 1983.
U S. EPA, 1990
I U S EPA, 1987/
FASEB. 1973;
U.S EPA. 1987
1 U S EPA. 1987/
FAZES. 1973,
U S EPA. 1987,
1990
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA, 25 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 1 year
NA. 25 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 1 year
Compound
Benefkn
eubchronic
chronic
Benzal chloride
Beozaldehyde
subchroni c
chronic
Sense idohyde
Benzidine
subchronic
HEALTH t v i ASS II ITS SIB4ARY TABLE A: SUB N IC MD QIRONIC TWCICII ’Y (OTHI] 1 THAN CARO1 )G ICITY)
Update Sept er. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RIC Oral RID Uncertainty
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral 1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)j (mg/kg/day) Inhalation
NA dog NA. hematological ND 3E-1 N P.
effects
NA dog NA, hefnatologicaL ND 3E-1 5 NA
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA, kidney. forestoniach ND 1E+D NA
NA ret NA, kidney. forestomach ND 1E_la NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA, brain cell and ND 3E-3 NA
liver cell changes
HA mouse NA, brain cell and ND 3E_3a NA
liver cell changes
(also see Table B)
NA human NA; irritation, malaise ND tiE+0 NA
NA human NA. irritation, malaise’ ND aE÷Oa NA
Benzotc acid
subchronic
chronic
A-9
-------
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Benzyl Alcohol
ubchronic NA. 200 mg/kg by
gavege 5 daya/week
for 13 weeks
(143 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 400 mgfkg by
savage 5 days/week
for 103 weeks
(286 mg/kg/day)
Beryllium
eubchronic NA. 5 p in drinking
water for lifetime
(0 54 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 5 ppn in drinking
water for lifetime
(0 54 mg/kg/dsy)
1, 1’-Biphenyl
subchronic NA; 0 ii in the diet
for 100 days (SO mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA; 0.11 in th. diet
for 700 days (50 mgAg/
day)
Bis(2-chloroiaopropyl) ether
subchronkc NA; 400 ppn in diet. for
up to 104 weeks
(35 8 cog/kg/day)
chronic NA; 400 p in diet for
up to 104 week.
(35.8 mg/kg/day)
NA. decrease in hamo-
globin and possible
erythrocyte destruction
NA, decrease in hemo-
globin and possible
erythrccyte destruction
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U S. EPA. 1989/
NTP, 1988. U S
EPA. 1989
U S. EPA, 1989/
NTP. 1988, U S
EPA, 1989
100 U S EPA. 1987/
Schroeder end
Mitchener, 19?5
U S EPA, 1990
100 U S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
Mltchenor. 1975.
U S EPA. 1990
1000 NA/Ambrose
at. al , 1960,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
1000 NA/Ambrose
at al . 1960.
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA/Mitawnori at
si , 1979, U S
EPA. 1990
NA/ijitsumori et
al., 1979. U S
EPA 1990
Factor
Oral
1000
1000
REALTH w’vri m ASS TS S1I 4ARY TABLE A: SUB MIC AJI) (SIRONIC TC ICITY (OTU l THAB CA1 I Gl]IICITY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RIC Oral RfD Uncertainty
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral (mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day) Inhalation
NA rat NA, decrease in body ND 1E+O NA
weight
NA rat NA, hyperplasia of the ND 3E-1 NA
epithelium of the
forestomach
NA rat HA, none observed ND 5E-3 NA
HA rat NA. none observed ND SE_3a NA
(also see Table B)
NA ret NA, kidney damage ND SE-2 NA
NA rat NA, kidney damage ND SE-2 5 NA
NA mouse
NA mouse
ND 4E-2 NA 1000
ND 4E-2° NA 1000
A 10
-------
HEALTH EFFFJm ASS 4 ITS SIJI4ARY TABLE A: SUB IC ABD N1C TWCICITY (OTEHE TRAIl CA IIl0G 1CIty)
Update: Sept. er , 1990
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalato
subchronic NA; 0 0 I of di.t for
1 year (19 ag/kg/day)
chronic NA, 0 0 Z of dL.t. for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
Bisphenol A
aubchronjc NA; 0-1000 p for
18 weeks, 2 generations
(NOAEL 750 ppn—
62 mg/kg/day)
chronic MA. 0 1000, 2000 p
in dI.t to, 103 ..k.
1 1000 -50 /IgIdav)
boro n
s.bc hr em IC
chronic MA. 350 p In dl.t.
(8 iS rq/kg/day) for
2 rears
Bromineted dibenzo-p-dioxins
and dibenzofurans
Bromoecetone
Bromochloro.thanes
Bromodich lorom.than.
aubchronic NA. 25 mg/day by gavage
S days/week for 102
weeks (17 9 ag/kg/day)
NA guinea NA. increased relative ND
pig liver weight
NA guinea NA. increazed relative ND
pig liver weight
(also see Table B)
NA ret NA, reduced body weight ND
NA rat. NA. reduced body weight. lID
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al . 1953.
U S EPA. 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al . 1953.
U S EPA. 1990
6E-1 NA 100 U S EPA. 1988/
U S EPA. 1984.
1988, 1990
5E-2 6 NA 1.000 U S EPA. 1968/
NTP, 1982;
U S EPA. 1988.
1990
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Weir and Fisher,
1972, U S EPA.
1987, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Weir and Fisher.
1972; U S EPA.
1987, 1990
U S. EPA.
1985a,b. 1986
U S EPA. 1986
U S. EPA, 1985
2E-2 NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1986/
Ii S EPA, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation P lC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
2E-2
2E-2 6
MA. 350 Ia diaL
IS 75 ag/kg/day I let
a ,..,.
9E-2
MA dog MA i.stic..lar Issions MD
MA dog MA. testicular l.slons ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOB QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA, renal cytomegaly ND
A-il
-------
LT pi ASS TS SW RY TABLE A: S1JBCI1 IC AND OUIC T(BCICITY (OTH THAN CAI I )GEI!IcITy)
Update: Septc ber, 1990
HA, 25 mg/day by gavage
S days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA, 25 mg/kg by gavaga
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17 9 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 25 mg/kg by gavage
B days/week for 13 weeks
(17 9 mg/kg/day)
Bromotnethane
aubchronic
26.6 ppm (103 mg/rn 3 )
7.5 hours/day, 4 days/
week fo 8 months (HEC
18 mg/rn’), 2 mg/kg
S days/week for 13 weeks
(1 4 mg/kg/day)
chronic 26.6 ppm (103 mg/rn 3 )
7.5 hours/day, 4 daya/
week fot 8 months (HEC—
18 mg/rn’); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13
weeks (1.4 mg/kg/day)
4-Bromophenyl phenyl •thor
Bromophos
aubchronic HA; 5 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 3 generations
chronic NA; 5 mg/kg/day in th.
diet for 3 generations
Bromozynt 1
eubchronic
NA mouse NA, renal cytonegaly ND
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, liver effects ND
NA rat NA, liver effects ND
(also sea Table B)
rabbit rat naurotoxicity, hyper- 6E-2 1 4E-2
plasia of lorestomach
epi theliwn
rabbit rat neurotoxicity; hyper- 6E-3
plasia of forestoinach
epithelium
Factor Reference
OraL Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1986,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988,
U S EPA. 1989,
1990
300 100 Russo et. at
1984, U S. EPA,
l 9 90/Danae
at at , 1984,
U S EPA, 1987
3000 1000 Russo •t, .1.
1984, U S EPA,
l99O/Da nse
at at., 1984,
U S EPA, 1986,
1987, 1990
U S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/Lauachner
et. at , 1967,
U S EPA, 1986
NA 1000 NA/Leuachner
et, at , 1967,
U S. EPA, 1986
Compound
chronic
Bromoform
subch ron i C
Exposurg
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect, of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
2E -
2E-1
2E-2 5
DATA INADEQUATE FOIl QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 1
NA rat NA, depression of ND
plasma and liver
cholinesterasa
NA rat MA; depression of ND
plasma and liver
cholineaterase
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, no adverse effects ND
MA, 100 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
1 4E_3a
SE- 2
SE- 3
2E- 2
NA 300 NA/Union
CarbIde, 1982,
U S EPA, 1984
1990
—
A- 12
-------
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/O ral
300 NA/Union
Carbide, 1982.
U S EPA. 1984.
1990
300 NA/Union
Carbide, 1982
Ii S EPA, 1984,
1990
300 NA/Union
Carbide, 1982,
U S EPA. 1984.
1990
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1984
100 U S EPA, 1989/
U S EPA. 1986.
1989. 1990
1000 U S EPA, 1989/
U S EPA, 1986,
1989, 1990
100 NA/Stauffor
Chem Co., 1987,
U S EPA. 1984,
1990
100 NA/Stauffer
Chem Co , 1967,
U.S. EPA, 1984
1989, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987.
1989/NIP, 1985,
U S EPA, 1986,
1987, 1989, 1990
HEALTH trvu ,-r ASS TS S(RIIARY TABLE A SUBCBR(! IC AND CHR( Lc TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CAJLCIMEEN IC ITT)
Update. Eept ther, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Conceri Inhalation RfC Oral RID Uncertainty
Compound Inhalation; Oral Irthalation Oral Inhalation, Oral ( ‘n I/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)I (mg/kg/day) Inhalation
chronic NA; 100 pjxn in th. diet. NA rat NA, no adverse effects ND ZE_2a NA
for 2 years (5 cugfkg/
day)
Brornoxynil octanoate
subchronic NA. 100 pj in the diet NA rat NA, no adverse effects ND 2E-2 NA
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA, 100 p in the diet NA rat NA, no adverse effects ND 2E 2a NA
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
Busan 77 DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Susan 90 DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
lButanol (n uLano1)
Subchronic NA. 125 mg/kg/day by NA rat NA, effects on erythro- ND 1E+0 ND
gavago for II woeks cyte
chronic NA, 125 mg/kg/day by NA rat NA, effects on erythro- ND 1E_la
gavage for 13 weeks cyte
Sutyl ate
subchronic NA, 5 mg/kg/day by NA dog NA, liver effects ND 5E-2 NA
gavag, for 12 months
chronic NA, 5 el/kg/day by NA dog NA, liver effects ND 5E-2 8 NA
gavage for 12 months
Butyl benzyl phthalet.
subchronic NA; 0 288 of di.t NA rat NA, effects on body ND 2E+0
for 26 weeks (159 weight gain, testes,
mg/kg/day) lIver, kidney
A- 13
-------
HEALTH EFF ra ASSES I1S ST 4ARY TABLE A: SU ROMfC ABD CH JM1C T(HCICITY (OTI TRAM CA I ICITy)
Update: Sept mther. 1990
chronic HA; 0 281 of diet.
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
Cacodylic acid
subchronic NA; 184 mg/kg cacodylic
acid in diet, for 90 days
(9 2 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 184 mg/kg cecodylic
•ctd In dIet for 90 days
(9 2 ‘ s/day)
I ,—
s.i. h,onI NA NA
C.Lc i cyanide
s. bc h con $ C
MA. 10 S ../kg/d.,
£ilg atd cyanide In
food for 2 years
(19 1 mg csicitg
cyanide/kg/day)
chronic HA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fissigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(19.1 mg caiches
cyanide/kg/day)
Caprolsctan
subchronic WA, 0 12 diet. 90 days
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA h. ..n carrel (a.. Tahi. 8)
I .,e& d. 5 .
MA rat. MA. weight Loss,
thyroid effects and
mystic degeneration
NA rat NA. weight loss.
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987,
1989/NTP. 1985,
LI S EPA. 1986,
1987, 1989. 1990
U S EPA. 1988/
U S EPA, 1988
U S EPA. 1984/
U S EPA. 1984/
NA 300 U S EPA. 1989/
Nees, 1968.
U S EPA, 1989
NA 3000 U S EPA. 1989/
Neea, 1968.
U S. EPA, 1989
NA NA U S EPA. 1984/
U S EPA. 1984
NA 10 U S. EPA. 1984/
U S EPA. 1980,
1984. 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hancal. 1955.
Phttbrjck ot
al , 1979, U S
EPA. 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard arid
Hanzal, 1955,
Pbitbrtck et,
al , 1979. U.S
EPA. 1990
NA 100 U S EPA. 1988/
Powers at, al
1984, U S EPA,
1988
t-Buty lch loride
But.yrotactone. g ma
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation RCC
1 1 0 8/in 3 (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalat.(on/OraL
chionic NA NA
NA rat HA, effects on body ND
weight gain, testes.
liver, kidney
(also see Table 8)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA, none ND 3E_ 2 Cc
NA rat NA. none ND
NA NA canr.r NA ND
1E-3 (tood)5 i
SE-S (water)
NA
ND
ND SE-I
HA rat NA, renal affects
A-li
-------
HEALTH WU .T ASS ODITS S11 4ARY TANLE A: SUHCHRO! IC AND ( R0NIC T DC ICITY (OTH THAN CA IHOGEN id TY)
Update: Septmxiber. 1990
Exposure
Inhalation, Oral.
NA, 1000 p for 3
generations
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA, 2 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 12 months
NA, 2 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 12 months
NA; 12 5 mg/kg/dey in
the diet (multi-
generation)
chronic NA. 12 5 mg/kg/day in
th. diet (multi-
generation)
NA; 200 p in the diet.
for 2 years (9 6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 p in the diet.
for 2 years (9 6 mg/kg/
day)
MA; 0 5 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 1 year
Spec i as ______________________________
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA dog NA. kidney and bladder
affects
NA dog NA, kidney and bladder
effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, decreased body weight.
NA rat NA, decreased body weight
(also sea Table B)
NA rat NA. kidney end liver
toxicity
NA rat NA. kidney end liver
toxicity
NA dog NA, hematologicel,
testicular and uterine
effects
C npound
chronic
Captafol
subchronic
chronic
Captan
subchronic
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
NA. reduced body
wetght
Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor
(mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
SE_la NA 100
Inhalation R(C
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA 1000
NA 1000
Carbaryl
aubchronic
chronic
Carbofu ran
aubchronic
NA 100
2E-3
2E-3 5
1E-1
ND 1E-1
ND 1E_la
ND 5E-3
__________________ Reference
inhalation/Oral
U S EPA. 1988/
Serote et al
1984. U S EPA.
1988. 1990
NA/Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co
1985. U S EPA.
1984, 1990
NA/Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co
1985. U S EPA.
1984, 1990
NA/Stau (far
Chem Co , 1982.
Chevron Chein
Co . 1982. U S
EPA, 1984 1990
NA 100 NA/Stauffer
Chein Co , 1982.
Chevron Chain
Co , 1982, U S
EPA. 1984. 1990
NA 100 NA/Carpenter
et, a). , 1961.
U S EPA. 1984.
1990
NA 100 NA/Carpenter
at at , 1961,
U S EPA. 1984,
1990
NA 100 NA/F7’ Corp
1983, U S. EPA,
1984, 1990
A-IS
-------
BEAiTh rr .i i ASSES 1 uTS S1 iARY TABLE A: SUW N 1C AKD CHROMIC TW(ICITY (OTHHR THAI! CA INOGEI!ICjTy)
Update. Sept. er, 1990
chronic NA, 0.5 mg/kg/day in
the diet, for 1 year
Carbon disulfide
eubchronic HA. 20 ppa (62 3 mg/rn 3 )
inhalation 6 houra/day
during pregnancy and
bSfore breeding (1.6
m /day breathing rate
end 0.5 absorption factor
used to calculate dose
of 11 0 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA. 20 p (62 3 mg/rn 3 )
inhalation 6 hours/day
during pregnancy and
b fore breeding (1 6
m /dey breathing rate
and 0 5 abaorption factor
uaed to calculate dose
of 11 0 mg/kg/day)
lE lb.z NA 100 U S EPA, 1990/
Hardin at al
1981, U S EPA,
1990
Carbon tetrachioride
subchronic NA, 1 mg/day. 5 days!
week for 12 weeks
(0 71 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1 mg/day, 5 daya/
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
Chioral
subcbronic NA; 15 7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
chronic NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking wat.r
NA rat NA, liver lesions
NA rat NA, liver lesions
(also see Table B)
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxicity
(also see Table B)
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Bruckner et al
1986, U S. EPA,
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
Bruckner et .1
1986, U S EPA,
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1988/
Senders et al
1982, U S EPA,
1988
NA 10,000 U S EPA, 1988/
Sanders at al
1982, U S EPA,
1988, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
HA dog NA, hematologicat,
testicular and uterine
effects
NA rabbit NA, fetal toxicity,
malformation
NA rabbit HA, fetal toxicity;
malformation
ND
ND
1E-2
NA 100 NA/F C Corp
1983, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
ic-i NA 100 NA/Hardin et
al , 1981, U S
EPA, 1990
NA mouse NA; hepatotozicity
ND 7E-3
ND
ND 2E-2
ND 2E_3a
A- 16
-------
hEALTH F ETS ASS 1ENTS S(J41.RY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND OTROWIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CA IN0GENICITy)
Update: Sept. er, 1990
Chiordane
aubchronjc NA, 1 p in diet for
130 weeka (0.045
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, I p in diet for
130 week. (0.045
mg/kg/day)
Chlorine cyanide
subchronic NA; 10 8 mg/kg/day
fwnigated cyanide in
food for 2 yeara
(25 3 rag chlorine
cyanide/kg/day)
chronic NA, 10 8 mg/kg/day
ftenigated cyanid. in
food for 2 year.
(25 3 rag chlorine
cyen ide/kg/day)
Chioroacetaldehyde
Cbloroecetic acid
aubchronic NA. 30 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 30 mg/kg, 5 daya/
week for 13 week.
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
2-Chloroani line
3-Chioroaniline
4 -Chioroani line
(p-Chloroaniline)
subchronic NA, 250 p in diet
for 78 week. (12.5
mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA. liver necrosis 6E 5a
(elao see Table B)
NA rat. NA, weight loss, ND
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA. weight Loss, ND 5E2 ’
thyroid effects and
aryalin degeneration
NA ret NA, proliferative ND
lesions of the spleen
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1988/
Velsicol
Chemical Corp
1983, U S EPA.
1990
NA 1000 U.S EPA. 1988L
Velsicol
Chemical Corp
1983. U S EPA,
1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
HanzaL , 1955,
Philbrick et.
a ). . 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
HanzaL, 1955,
Philbrick et
.1 , 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
U.S EPA, 1988
NA 1000 U S. EPA, 1988/
IRDC, 1982,
U S EPA, 1988
NA 10,000 U S EPA, 1988/
IRDC. 1982,
Ii S EPA. 1988
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1987
NA 3000 U S EPA, 1987/
NC!, 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
Expoaure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/ r u 3 (mg/hg/day)J
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
NA rat NA, liver necrosis ND
6E-5
SE -2
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT9
NA rat NA, myocarditis ND
NA rat NA. myocarditis ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
2E-2
2E -3
4E-3
A-Il
-------
REALTh EFE nj AZSES TS S11*iARY 1’A LE A: SU II1C P .1W Cfl 1C T( (ICITY (OTH TRAM CAM1ROG IC1TY)
Update: Septe er , 1990
chronic NA, 250 p in diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
75 ppn (345 mg/rn 3 )
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27 3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
chronic 75 p (345 mg/rn 3 )
7 hours/day. 5 days!
week for 120 days
(53 mgfkg/dey);
27 3 mg/kg/day by
capsul. for 90 days
Chlorobenrl let.
subchron lc
NA, 5 ng/kg/d.y in
atarch eusp.nston by
gastric int,ubation for
13 days during gestation
period
chronic NA, S mg/kg/day in
starch suspension by
gastric intubation for
13 days during gestation
period
p-Chlorobenzoic acid
subchronic NA. 0 21 in diet for
S months (173 3
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0 21 in diet for
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
4 -Ch lorobenzotri fluoride
subchronic NA, 15 mg/kg/day by
gavage daily for 90
days
NA rat NA, proliferative
lesions of the spleen
ret . dog liver and kidney
effects, liver and
kidney effects
rat dog liver and kidney
effects, liver and
kidney effects 1
NA rabbit NA, decreased stool
quantity, food
consumption end
weight gain,
hyperirritabi lity
NA rabbit NA, decreased stool
quentity. food
consumption and
weight gain,
hyperirritabi lity
NA ret, NA. renal tubular
degeneration
NA 3000 U S EPA, 1987/
Nd, 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
100 Ditley, 1977;
U S EPA, 1989/
Monsanto, 1967.
U S EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
1000 Dilley, 1977;
U S EPA. 19891
Monsanto, 1967,
U S EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp . 1964a,
U S EPA. 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Kiackebusch
et, el , 1960,
U S EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Kieckebuach
et al. , 1960,
U S EPA, 1987
NA 100 U S EPA, 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co . 1981,
U S EPA, 3988
Ch torobenzene
subchronic
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral,
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalstlon RIC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1000
10,000
ND
2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1
ZE-2 (SE-3) 6 2E_2 a
ND 2E-2
ND 2E-2 5
ND 2E+0
ND 2E-1
ND 2E-1
NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp.. 198¾a,
U S EPA, 1990
NA rat NA; none observed
NA rat, NA; none observed
A-18
-------
RF.ALTH EI’F TS ASSES IDITS SLP4ARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROS IC T IC ITt (OT THAN CARO l )C ICITY)
Update Septeither, 1990
chronic NA. 15 mg/kg/day by
gavage daily for 90
days
2-Ch loro-l, 3-but ad tone
(Chloroprene)
subchronic 10 p , 6 hours/day,
S days/w ek for 2 years
(36 mg/n ), NA
chronic 10 p , 6 hours/day,
5 deys/w ok for 2 years
(36 mg/rn ), NA
1-Chlorobutane
subchronic NA, 120 mg/kg, 5 deya/
week for 13 weeks by
geveg. (86 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 60 mg/kg, S deys/
week for 103 weeks by
gaveg. (43 mg/kg/day)
2-Chiorobutane
Chiorocyc lopentadien.
Chiorodibromomethane (see Dibroemchloromethane)
p-Ch loro-m-creao l
subchronic NA, 200 mg/kg/day for NA
28 days
chronic NA; NA
Chloroform
subchrontc NA, 15 mgfkg. 6 deye/
week for 7 5 years
(12 9 mg/kg/day)
rat. NA alopecia. retarded 1E-1(4E-2)
growth, HA
rat NA alopecia. retarded IE-1(4E-2)
growth, NA
rat NA, decrease in weight ND
gain
NA NA NA, HA ND
NA dog NA, liver lesions ND
2 5-2 NA 1000 U S EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co , 1981,
U S EPA. 1988
100 NA Du Pont, 1985,
U S EPA, 1989
U S EPA. 1989
100 NA Du Pont. 1985.
U S. EPA, 19891
U S EPA, 1989
NA 100 U S EPA, 1988/
NIP, 1986;
U S EPA, 1988
NA 100 U S EPA, 1988/
HTP, 1885,
U S EPA. 1988
U S EPA. 1988/
U S EPA. 1988
U S EPA, 1988
NA 100 U S. EPA, 1988/
Madsen at at
1986. U S EPA.
1988
NA NA U S EPA. 1988/
U S EPA, 1988
NA 1000 U S EPA 1988/
Heywood at at
1979, U S EPA,
1990
Exposure
Cempound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/n 3 (mg/kg/day)j
Oral. RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhatetion/Oral
NA rat NA. renal tubular ND
degeneration
2 _ 2 b,q
NA
rat
NA, CNS and hemato-
ND
9El
poletic effects
NA
ret
NA, mortality. CNS ?nd
hematologic eltects
ND
4E-1
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
RISK
ASSESSMENT 1
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
RISK
ASSESSMENT 1
2E+0
ND
A- 19
-------
HEALTH Eiru.r ASS ITS SLHIARY TABLE A: SUB HIC AND CHJ8]NIC Tf ICITY (OTU THAN CA INOG UCITy)
Update: Sopt er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/n 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
illcertainLy
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 15 mg/kg. 6 deya/
week for 7.5 years
(12 9 mg/kg/day)
m-Chloronitrobenzene
Chiorophenol, 3- and 4-
2-Chiorophenol
aubchronic NA; 50 p in drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 50 p sn in drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg kg/day)
Chioroprene (see 2-Chloro-i,3-butadiene)
2-Ch loropropane
subchronic 250 p xn (803 mg/n 3 ),
6 hours/day, 5 daya/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91 4 mg/kg/day). NA
chronic 250 p xn (803 mg/rn 3 ),
6 hours/day, 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91 4 mg/kg/day), NA
3—Cbloropropene (see Allyl chloride)
Chlorotoluenea, m- and p-
o-Chlorotoluene
subchronic NA, 20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 103 or
104 days
chronic NA. 20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 103 or
104 days
MA rat NA; reproductive ND
effects
NA rat NA, reproductive ND
effects
1E_2a NA 1000 U S EPA. 1986/
Heywood at. al
1979. U S EPA.
1990
U S EPA, 1985
U S EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U S EPA.
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller, 1982,
U S EPA,
1987a,b, 1990a,b
NA 1000 U S EPA,
1987a.b/Exon and
Koellar, 1982,
U.S EPA.
1987a,b, 1990a,b
ND 100 NA Gage, 1970,
U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1987
1000 NA Gage, 1970,
U S EPA, 1957/
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1985
NA 100 NA/Gibson
et el . 1974,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 1000 NA/GibSon
at al , 1974,
U S EPA, 1990
NA dog NA, liver lesions ND 6
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
SE- 3
SE_3a
rat NA liver effects, HA 3E+0 (9K-i)
rat NA liver effects, NA 3E—1 (9E-2)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA ret NA; decreased body NA
weight gain
NA rat NA, decreased body NA
weight gain
ND
2E-1
2E_2e
A -20
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASS lENT 5 SW*4ARY TANLE A SIJBCH (1C AND CH 4IC TOXICITY (OTHI]l THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update Septe er, 1990
Chiorpyri fos
subchronic NA; 0 03 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0 1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
chronic NA, 0 03 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0 1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
Chiorpyrifos-methyl
subchronic NA, 3-8eneration study
in rats, 2-year study
in dogs
chronic NA; 3-generation study
in rats, 2-year study
in dogs
Chlogthaioni 1
. bcb:o lc NA 00 pg In U . di.t.
to, 2 passe 11 5
day)
chiunic PA 00 p In 0. d&.t
£0, 2 yssis ( I S
day)
NA, 1 8 p in h. dist
for 2 ysars (0 08 mg I
kg/day)
NA, 1 6 pps in the diet
for 2 years (0.08 mg/
kg/day)
Chromium (III)
aubchronic LOAEL of 0 002 mg Cr(VI)/m 3
(as chromic acid) LOAEL(HEC)—
0 000714 mg/rn”, 52 Cr203 in
diet 5 days/week for 90 days
(1400 mg Cr/kg/day)
NA, decreased plasma
cholineaterase
NA, decreased plasma
cholinesterase
NA, reduced fertility
in rats, liver effects
dogs
NA, reduced fertility
in rats, liver effects
in dogs
NA, kidney lesions
NA 10 NA/Dow Chemical
Co , 1972, U S
EPA, 1984, 1990
NA 10 NA/Dow Chemical
Co , 1972, U S
EPA, 1984, 1990
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1984
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1984
NA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Chain
Co , 1970,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Chem
Co , 1970,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Worthing and
WaLker, 1963,
U S EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/Worthing and
WaLker, 1983.
U S EPA, 1986
30 100 Lindberg and
Hedenstierna,
1983, U S EPA,
1984/Ivankovic
and Preussman,
1975, U S EPA,
1984
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/n 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
NA human
NA human
NA rat,
dog
NA rat,
dog
NA dog
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Ch br Ui 10_a
aubchron lc
chronic
3E- 3
3E_3a
1E-2
1E-2 8
1 SE-2
1 5E-2 5
8E-4
8E- 4
1E+ 1
NA dog PA kidn.y Isslons
(also a.. Table B)
NA rat, NA, no .ff.ct, on
erthiocyte cholin-
esterase
NA rat NA; no effect on
erthrocyte cholin-
esterase
human rat nasal oucosa atrophy, 2E-5
hepatotoxicity
A21
-------
HEALTH EFFF TS ASS ( TS SIII4ARY TABLE A: SIJB (IC AND CHI )NIC TC ICITy (OTH THAN CAIHINOGENICITy)
Update: Sept er. 1990
chronic LOAEL 0 002 rug Cr(VI)/cn 3
(as chromic a id) LOAEL(HEC)
0.000714 rag/rn , 51 Cr 2 03Ln
diet 5 days/week for 600
feedings (1468 rug Cr/kg/day)
LOABL 0.002 rug Cr(VI)/cn 3 human
(as chromic a id) LOAEL(HEC)
0.000714 mg/ar”, 25 ppm Cr VI
in drinking water for 1 year
(2 4 mg/kg/day)
chronic LOAEL 0 002 erg Cr(VI)/rn 3 human
(as chromic acid) LQAEL(HEC)
0 000714 mg/cr”; 25 ppm Cr VI
in drinking water for 1 year
(2 4 mg/kg/day)
chronic HA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
rat nasal mucosa atrophy, 2E-5
not defined
rat nasal nucosa atrophy, 2E-6J
not defined
NA rat. NA. decreased body
and organ weights.
histopathologic
alterations in liver
and kidney
NA rat NA. decreased body
and organ weights,
histopathologic
alterations in liver
and kidney
300 1000 Lindberg and
Hedenatlerna,
1983. U S EPA,
1984/Ivankovjc
and Praus men.
1975, U S EPA.
1984, 1990
30 100 Ltndbarg and
Hedenstierna,
1983, U S EPA,
1984/MacKenzie
at al . 1958,
U S EPA. 1984
300 500 Lindberg and
Hedenstierne,
1983; U S EPA.
1984/MacKenzie
at al , 1958,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
U S EPA, 1984
1 3 mg/tk NA NA U S EPA, 1984/
U S EPA. 1987
1 3 mg/tk NA NA U S EPA, 1984/
U S EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 1000 NA/li S EPA,
1986. 1990
human rat
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)j
Oral RfD
(rug/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
OraL
Inhalation/Oral
Chromium (VI)
subchronic
nasal mucosa atrophy, 2E-6
hepatotoxicity
1E+0 5
ZE-2
SE 3 a
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESS1 NT (see Table B)
HA human NA, local GI irritation ND
NA human NA, local GI irritation 1 ND
Chrysene
Copper
subchronic HA, 5.3 erg, single
dose
chronic MA, NA
Copper cyanide
aubchronic MA, 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
ND SE-2
ND SE_3a
A-22
-------
HEALTH F ETS AZSES ITS SLRIARY TABLE A: SUSCHRONIC AND NIC TOXICITY (OTH 1 THAN CANCINOCENICITY)
Update Sept er , 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation RIC
(cng,’cn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
m-Cresol
subchronic NA, 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
o-Cresol.
subchronic NA, 50 mg/kgfday
for 90 days
NA rat NA, reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
(also see Table 8)
ND
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986, Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories. 1981.
U S EPA, 1985.
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986, Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1981,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986, Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
chronic NA, SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA ret NA, reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
(also see Table B)
ND
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986, Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987,
U S EPA, 1965,
1990
p-Cresol
subchronic NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA rat NA, reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
ND
SE—i
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986, Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA rat NA, reduced body ND
weight gain, neuro—
toxicity
SE-i
SE-2
SE-i
NA rat NA, reduced body ND
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
A-23
-------
HEALTH tYFIETS ASS 4 (TS SIJ*4ARY TA8LE A: SLfB I(IC AND NIC T ICI1’Y (OTH t THAN CA IKOG IC1Ty)
Update: Sept er , 1990
Erposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/rn 3 (m8/kg/day)j
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
MA rat NA. reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxicity
(also see Table B)
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986, Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories, 1987,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
105 1 pp (517 mg/rn 3 )
for 6 bra/day, S
days/wk for 4 weeks,
110 mg/kg/day for
194 days
chronic 105 1 ppo (517 mg/rn 3 )
for 6 hrs/dey, S
d.y./k (or .
I tO s $ (UI L days
Cys..aa I, ..
S Ub ti, 0.
chionic NA 25 pg in thu d*.t
(or 1 yusr (0 625 $/k$/
day)
chronic NA; 10 8 mg CM/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet, treated with ( 1C M
rat rat CNS involvement, nasal
irritation, renal
rat rat CNS involvement, nasal
irritation, renal
NA UoJ . , 1 tit toss
i emaLoiu5ic an
I. 1 £nILat Ih.mistgy
p.i atui S
NA dog NA, body w• s ght. loss,
hem.toto ic and
clinical chsrn istry
paramet.ers
NA rat NA, weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA, weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration 1
300 Monsanto Company
1986; U S. EPA,
1987, 1990/
Wolfe, 1956,
U S EPA, 1990
3000 Monsanto Company
1966, U S. EPA,
1987. 1990/
Wolfe et al
1956, U S
EPA, 1987, 1990
NA 300 NA/Shell Chezn
Co . 1986,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Shell Cheni
Co., 1986,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
Cumene
subchronic
IA 2’ “ ii.. .I,.t
(UI I ysal IU I . • 5 .
day
1000
10,000
Cyanide
subchroni c
MA, 10 8 mg CM/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
9E-2 4E-l
9E-3 4E_2a
ND ZE-3
ND 2E.3a
ND 2E-2
MD 2E-2 3
NA 500 U S EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990a,b
NA 500 U S EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990a, b
A-24
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSES IENTS SZJ44ARY TABLE A: SUBCRRO IFC AND CH) )N1C T( jCITY (OTH} THAN CA INOGEN ICITY)
Update: Sept. er • 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation RfC
( mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral RfD
(rag/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
NA; 10 8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(21 6 mg Cyanogen/
kg/day)
chronic NA; 10 8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(21 6 mg Cyanogen/
kg/day)
Cyanogen bromide
subchronic NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(4 4 rng Cyanogen
bromide/kg/day)
chronic NA, 10 8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(4 4 rag cyanogen
bromide/kg/day)
Cyc bate
Cyc Lohexanol
Cyclohexyl.amine
aubchronic NA, 600 ppo cyclohexy-
lamine•I (Cl in diet
for 90 days (30 mg/kg/
day cycbohexylamine)
chronic NA, 600 ppn cyclohexy-
laarine•HCI in diet for
2 years (18 mg/kg/day
cyclohoxylamine)
Cyc lopentadi ene
subchronic 250 p (676 mg/rn 3 )
for 135, 7-hour expo-
sures in 194 days
(87 3 mg/kg/day), NA
HA rat NA, weight loss.
thyroid effects
myelxn degeneration
NA rat NA, weight loss.
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
rat NA liver and kidney
lesions, NA
chronic NA, NA NA NA NA, NA
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955,
Philbrick at.
al , 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955,
Philbrick at
al , 1979, U S
EPA. 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955,
Philbrick at
al , 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955.
Philbrick at
al , 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1985
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Gaunt at at
1974, U S EPA,
1987
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Gaunt at at
1976, U S EPA,
1987, 1990
100 NA Dow, 1987,
U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1987
NA NA U S EPA, 1981/
U S EPA, 1987
Cyanogan
aubchronic
NA rat NA, weight loss,
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA, weight loss,
thyroid effects
myelin degeneration
ND 4E-2°
ND
ND 9E-2°
NA 9E-2 8 ’°
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESS1€NT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESS NT
NA rat NA, reduced body weight ND 3E-1
NA rat NA, testicular effects ND
3E+0 (9E-1) ND
ND ND
A-25
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSHESH ITS S(1 4ARY TABLE A; SUB HIC AKD ( IIC TOXICITY (OTH THAN CANCINOGENICITY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
NA rat NA, liver lesions ND
(also see Table H)
__________________ Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Co
1963, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 100 NA/Diamond
Shamrock Co
1963, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 300 NA/Paynter
et al , 1960,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Peynter
at, al , 1960,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 100 NA/Rhodja Inc
1969, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 1000 NA/R.hodja Inc
1969, U.S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Laug el al
1950. U S EPA,
1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Laug el al
1950, U S EPA,
1988, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Kociba el al
1975, Norris
el al , 1973,
1975, U S EPA,
1987, U S EPA.
1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral (rag/cr? (arg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
Ccsnpound
Dacthal (DCPA)
subchronic NA, 1000 ppn in the
NA
rat
NA, kidney and adrenal
ND
SE-i
in the diet for 2
weights
years (50 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 1000 ppn in the
NA
rat
NA, kidney and adrenal
ND
5E ia
in the diet for 2
weights
years (50 mg/kg/day)
Dalapon (sodium salt)
aubchronic NA, 15 mg/kg/day in the
NA
rat
NA, increased relative
ND
3E-Z
diet for 2 years
kidney weight
chronic NA, 15 mg/kg/day in the
NA
rat
NA, increased relative
ND
3E 2a
diet for 2 years
kidney weight
2,4-DH
subchronic NA; 8 mg/kg/day in the
NA
dog
NA. internal hemorrhage,
ND
8E-2
diet for 90 days
mortality
chronic NA, 8 mg/kg/day in the
NA
dog
NA, internal hemorrhage,
ND
8E-3 5
diet for 90 days
mortality
DDT
subchronic NA; 1 p in diet for
NA
rat
NA, liver lesions
ND
5E-4
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 1 p sa in diet for
5E-4’
27 weeks (0 05 mg/kg/day)
Decabromodiphenyl ether
(Decabromodiphenyl oxide)
subchronic NA; 1 0 mg/kg/day in
NA
rat
NA, liver enlargement
ND
1E-2
the diet for 2 years
A-26
-------
REALTH rr T ASS ITS S(IWRY TABLE A: StJB UIC A D C N1C YtUICITY (OTHER THAI! CA I ICITy)
Update. Sept er , 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation R!C
(rag/rn 3 (cag/kg/day)J
Oral RID
(mgAglday)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 1.0 rig/kg/day in
the diet for 2 years
Diazinon
eubchronic
chronic NA, 1 0 p (0.09 rng/kg/
day) in the diet for
35-42 deya
Di bee so fur 1
1 a DIbr b.n..n.
abchroriIc A. 10 /b /d.y by
s. .s. toe 45 01 90
d eys
chronic NA. 10 /kg/ ay by
•.vs . for 45 or 90
deys
Dibromochlorometban.
aubchronic NA, 30 mg/kg/day by
gavags, 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
chronic MA; 3D mg/kg/day by
gavegs, 5 day./w..k for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA, liver enlargement ND
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA liver sasight ND
and llv.r •nayri..
NA rat NA. liver lesions ND
NA rat NA, liver leelona ND
(also see Table B)
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Kociba at, al
1975; Norris at
al . 1973, 1975,
U S EPA, 1987,
U S EPA, 1990
9E-4 NA 100 NA/Davies and
Holub, 1979,
1980a,b,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/Davies and
Holub, 1979,
1980a,b,
U.S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1987
NA 100 U S EPA, 1990/
Cer laon and
Tardiff, 1977,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 U S. EPA, 1990/
Canaan and
Tardiff, 1977,
U S EPA, 1984
1990
NA 100 U S. EPA. 1990/
NiP, 1985,
U S EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1990/
NiP. 1985,
U S EPA, 1985,
1989, 1990
NA; 1.0 ppn (0.09 mg/kg/
day) in the diet for
35- 2 days
1E_2a
NA rat. NA, inhibition of ND
plasma choline5terase
activity
NA rat. NA, inhibition of ND
plasma cholinesterase
activity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 1
NA rat MA, Ltw.r ..ight ND
and liv er •nsy s
I-i
IE- 2 a
2E-1
ZE -2 a
A-27
-------
HEALTH EFF x ASSES TS StR WLT TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND O (RONIC T(DiIc iyy (o ’T THAN CAi I*)GP 1C ITT)
Updat.e: Sept er, 1990
Di-n-butyl phthalate
subchronic NA, 0.251 of di.t
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
(89 tnAfkgI’day)
chronic NA; 0 251 of diet.
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
1 • 2-Dichlorobenz.n.
subchronic 290 mg/rn 3 7 hours/day.
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day),
125 mg/kg/day, S days!
s...k fog 13 w..ks
chromic 290 1 sn.ld.y.
S d.ys ..4 to, p to P
nths 44
Ill / k /dy 5 dayel
.I fos I I . s
S9 mg/bgFday)
1 3-Dlch1orob a s
I, 4-DlcbLo,ob au
(p-dtchlorob.mssrn.)
eubctironlc PS p (454 •
S hours/day, S d.y.Iw.sk
for 76 w.eka; NA
chronic 75 p (454.6 mg/rn 3 )
5 hours/day. S days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
Dichiorobutenea
Dichloroditluorornethan. (F-12)
subchronic 4136 mg/rn 3 , 8 houra/
day, S days/week for
6 weeks (482 3 mg/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 deya
ret, rat decreased body weight
gem, liver effects
rat rat decreased body we g it
gaIn, l&v.r effects’
rat. NA ltv.r end kidney
effects. NA
rat, NA liver and kidney
effects (also see
Table B)
100 100 Holllngsworth
at al . 1958,
U S EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1985, U S
EPA. 1987, 1990
1000 Hollingsworth
et el , 1958,
U S EPA, 1981/
NIP, 1985, U S
EPA, 1987, 1990
U S EPA, 1987
100 NA Riley at, .1
1980/U S EPA,
1987
100 NA Riley at al
1980, U S. EPA,
1990/U S EPA,
1987
U S EPA, 1987
100 Prendergast.
at el , 1967,
U S EPA, 1987/
Clayton, 1967,
U S EPA, 1987
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/r n 3 (mg/kg/day))
OraL RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA rat HA, mortality
NA rat NA, mortality’
ND 1E+o
ND 88 IE_1z
2E+O (4E-1) YE-I
2E-1 (4E-2) YE_2a
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953.
U S EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953,
U S EPA, 1987
1990
1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 1
E-1 M D
7E-1 ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (CANCER SEE TABLE B)
guinea dog lung and liver lesions;
pig none
2E40 (SE-i) YE-i
1000
A-28
-------
Erpo su .
Inhalation, Oral
‘.136 mg/rn 3 . 8 houra/
day, 5 days/week for
6 weeks (‘.82 3 rng/kg/
day); 15 mg/kg/day
for 2 years
1 • 1-Dichioroethane
subchrontc 500 p (2025 cng/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, S days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/k’.f
day) 4 500 p . (2025
mg/rn”) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
chronic 500 p (2025 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, S days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day) 4 500 p (2025
mg/rn”) 8 hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
C mg/kg/day)
1, 1-Dichloroethylon.
subchronic NA, 50 p in drinking
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 50 p in drinking
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
1, 2-c-Dichl .oroethyl.ne
subchronic NA; gavag. for 90 days
(32 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; gavag. for 90 days
(32 mg/kg/day)
cat rat kidney damage, none
(also see Table B)
Compound
chronic
Species
Inhalation Oral
guinea rat
pig
HEALTH w’ r ASS I TS SI 4ARY TABLE A: 5UBCH IC AND CHR1 IC fl ICITT ((1TH t THAN CPJHINOGKNICITT)
Update: Sept er, 1990
_____________ Effect_of_Concern __________________ ______________
Inhalation. Oral
lung and liver lesions.
depressed body weight
gain
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
2E-1 (SE-2)
Oral. RfD Uncertainty Factor
(mg/kg/day) Inhslation Oral.
2E_ la 10,000 100
cat. rat, kidney damage, none
5EtO (ittO) 1EI ’ O
SE-i (1E-l) 8 1E_Ig
___________________ Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Prendergast
at al , 1967,
U S EPA, 198)!
Sherman, 19)4,
U S EPA, 1982,
1987, 1990
100 100 Hofmann at el-
1971, U S EPA,
1984 /Ho fmann
at al , 1971,
U S EPA, 1983 L
198’.
1000 1000 Hofmann at al
1971, U S EPA,
1984/Ho fmann
at al , 197!,
U S EPA, 1983,
1986
NA 1000 U S. EPA, 1988/
Quast et, al
1983. U S EPA.
1988. 1990
NA 1000 U S. EPA, 1988/
Quasi at al
1983, U S EPA,
1988, 1990
U S. EPA, 1984/
McCauley at al
n d , U S EPA.
1984, 1990
U S EPA, 1984/
McCauley at at
n d , U S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA rat NA, liver lesions
NA rat NA, liver lesions
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, decreased hemato-
crit and hemoglobin
NA rat NA; decreased hernat -
crit and hemoglobin
ND
ND
ND
9E-3
9E-3 2
1E-1
1E -
NA 300
NA 3000
A -29
-------
HEALTH r.vrurrj ASS ENTs SIJ44ART TABLE A: SUBCIBWIIIC AND CH )NTC lTDucIyy (OTH t THAN CAJ INOG IICITY)
Update: Septe er, 1990
1. 2t-Dichloroethy lene
subchronjc NA; 0 1 rng/t in
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0 1 mg/f in
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
2. 4-Dich l.oropheno i
subchronlc NA 3 p in drinking
water for 2 generatIons
(0 3 cng/kg/day)
chronic NA. 3 ppn in drinking
water (or 2 generatIons
(0 3 mg/kg/day)
Dichlorophanol, 2,3-, 2, -,
25 q 3,4- and 3,5-
2 4-Dich lorophenoxy
acetic acid (2,4-0)
subchronic NA, 1.0 mg/kg/day in
diet for 91 days
chronic NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In
diet for 91 days
Di chloroprop
Dichloropropenes (1.1—. 1,2-, 1,3-. 2.2-)
1,3-Dtchloropropen. (Titan.
subchronic 5 p (21 mg/rn ) 6 houru/ mice
day, S days/week for
2 years ( OAEL(IIEC)—
0 69 mg/rn j, 3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
90 days
NA mouse NA, increased serum ND
alkaline phosphatase
NA mouse NA, increased serum ND
alkaline phosphatase
NA rat. NA. hematologic ND 1E-2
hepat.ic and renal
toxicity
NA rat NA, hematologic ND 1E-2 5
hepetic and renal
toxicity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESS NT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
rat. hypertrophy. hyp.r- 2E-2
plasie in nasal IrniCosa;
increased organ weight
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Exon and Koller,
1985. U S EPA,
1987, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Exon end Koller,
1985, U S EPA,
1986, 1987, 1990
U S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 NA/Dow Cbemicat
Co.. 1983, U S
EPA. 1990
NA 100 NA/Dow Chemical
Co , 1983, U S
EPA. 1990
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1985
30 1000 Lomex et al
1989, U S EPA,
1 990/Dow
Chemicel Co
1973, U S EPA
1989 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation. Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
InhaLation Oral
Inhalation R(C
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Reference
2E-1 NA 100 U S EPA• 1984/
Barnes et al
1985, U S EPA,
1990
2E 2 a NA 1000 U S EPA. 1984/
Barnes at. al
1985, U S EPA,
1990
NA rat NA. irisune function ND
NA rat NA, irmiune function ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
3E-3
3E-3 5
IE-3
A-30
-------
BEALTU ETh.-rli AsS rrs S 1 iARY TAELE A: SUBC N1C AND CHR Ic ITECICITY (OTU l TH_AN CAJ I )G IICITY)
Update. Sapt er , 1990
chronic S ppm (21 mg/rn 3 ) 6 hours/
day, 5 days/we.k for
2 years ( OA L(H )—
0.69 mg/rn 1, 3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
Dicyc topentadiene
aubchronic 1 ppm (5 4 mg/rn 3 ),
6 hours/day, 5 daye/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day), 690 ppm in
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
chronic 1 ppm (5 4 mg/rn 3 ),
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days (0 61
mg/kg/day), 690,ppn in
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
Dieldrin
subchronic hA, 0 1 ppm in diet for
2 years (0 005 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 0.1 ppm in diet for
2 years (0 005 mg/kg/day)
N,N-Diethylaniline
Diethytens glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronic NA diet provided 500
mg/kg/day for 90 days
chronic NA. 0 21 in drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
mice rat hypert.rophy, hyper-
plasia in nasal Imicosa,
increased organ weights
(also see Table B)
rat ret kidney dysfunction.
none
ret rat kidney dysfunction,
none
30 10,000 Lomax at at
1989, U S EPA
1990/Dow
ChemicaL Co
1973. U S EPA
1989, 1990
100 Dodd at al
1982. US EPA.
1987/Litton
Bionetica. 1980,
U S EPA. 1987
1000 Dodd at at
1982,U S. EPA.
1987/Litton
Bionetics, 1980,
U S EPA, 1981
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Walker et at
1969, U S EPA.
1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Walker at at
1969, U S EPA,
1990
U S EPA. 1987
5E+0 NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Hall at at
1966, U S EPA,
1984
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
Sniyth at at
1964. U S EPA,
1984
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
OraL
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1000
10.000
2E-2 3E_4a
2E-3 (6E-4) 3E-l
4 (6E-5) 3E-2
NA rat HA. liver lesions ND SE-S
NA rat NA, liver lesions ND SE-S
(Cancer see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA. impaired renal ND
function, increased
te5te weight
NA ret NA, kidney histo- ND 2Ei O
pathology
A- 31
-------
HEALTH eyy m ASSES TS SIJ 4ART TABLE A: SUBCTIROU IC AND CR183 11 IC T ICIff (OTH t THAN CA IN0C ICITT)
Update: Sept er, 1990
- Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Diethylformarnide
subchronic NA; 546 pg/day (1.56
mg/kg/day) in diet. x
S days/week for 73 weeks
chronic NA, 546 pg/day (1 56
mg/kg/day) in diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
1. 2-Diethylhydraxin.
Di ethyl-p-nt troph any 1
phosphate (pareoxon)
Diethyl phthalete
5ubchronic NA; 11 in diet for
16 weeks (750 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 11 in diet for
16 weeks (750 mg/kg/day)
Dimethoate
subchronic NA; 1 p (0.05 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
chronic NA; 1 ppn (0 05 mg/kgl
day> in diet for 2 years
N,N-Dtm.thylant ltfl.
subchronic NA; 31 25 aHAB/day by
gavag. x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
chronic NA; 31.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
Spec i is
Inhalation Oral
NA
NA
rat
rat
DATA
DATA
NA ret
NA rat NA; brain cholinesterase
inhibition
NA rat NA. brain cholinesterase
inhibition
NA rat NA, splenomegaly and
splenic hernosidarosts
NA rat NA; splenomegaly and
splenic hemosiderosis
Factor
Oral
NA 100
NA 100
Reference
Inhalatjon/Ora [
NA/Argus at al
1965, U S EPA,
1986
NA/Argus at at
1965, U S EPA,
1986
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1989
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Brown at at
1976; U S EPA.
1987
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987/
Brown et a].
1978, U S. EPA.
1987, 1990
NA 300 NA/American
Cyanimid Co , -
1986, U S. EPA,
1990
NA 300 NA/American
Cyanimid Co
1986, U S EPA,
1990
NA/Abdo ot at
1984, U S. EPA,
1990
NA/Abdo et at
1984, U S EPA,
1990
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation R!C
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral. RED
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty -
Inhalation
NA, no effect ND
NA, no affect ND
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA. reduced terminal. ND
body weight
NA rat NA; reduced terminal ND
body weight 1
1 LE—1
1 1E—1
8E+0
8E- 1 a
ND 2E-4
ND 2E-4 5
ND 2E-2
ND 2E_3a
NA 1000
NA 10,000
A-32
-------
HEALTH trvu.m ASS ITS SIRtiART TANLE A - SUBCH IC A D CH IC TC ICITY (OT THAN CARC1 )G IC ITT)
Update: Sept i er. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Specie!
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
N .N-Dimethylforn emide
subchronic occupa 9 onal exposure
22 mg/rn (KEC7.9 mg/rn );
540 pjxn (96 mg/kg/day)
in diet for 119 days
chronic occupa 9 onal exposure
22 mg/rn (NEC—i 9 mg/rn ),
540 pps (96 mg/kg/day)
in diet for 119 days
Dimethylphenols (2.3-. 2.5-)
2. 4-Dimethylphenol
subchronic NA, 50 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic NA, 50 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
h,.m en mouse liver effects. 3E2
increased liver weight
human mouse liver effects; 3E-2
increased liver weight
NA mouse NA, neurological signs ND
and hematological
changes
NA mouse NA, neurological signs ND
and hematological
changes
NA rat. NA; effects on bLood ND
pressure, weight gain
and histological appear-
ance of several organs
300 100 Cirla et at
1984, Caten
et at • 1984,
U S EPA, 1990/
Becci et. al
1983. U S EPA,
1986
300 1000 Cirla et a).
1984 Caten
et al . 1984.
U S EPA, 1990/
Becci et. at
1983. U S EPA.
1986
U S EPA, 1986
2E-1 NA 300 NA/American
Biogenica, 1989,
U S EPA, 1990
2E-2 NA 3000 NA/American
Bioganica, 1989,
U S EPA, 1990
6E-3 NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Veldre and
Janea, 1979,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
chronic NA, 0 6 mg/kg/day for
8 months
NA rat NA, effects on blood ND
pressure, weight gain
and histological appear-
ance of several organs
NA rat NA. reduced growth,
internal lesions
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1981/
Vetdre and
Janes, 1979.
U S EPA. 1987.
1990
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
iffO
1-1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
2. 6-Dimethylpheno l
subchronic NA; 0 6 mg/kg/day for
8 months
3. 4-Dimethylphenol
ubchronic NA; 1 4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
6E_4 a
ND 1E-2
A33
-------
Dirnethyl. pht.halate
ubchronic NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
in diet, for 2 years
chronic NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
in diet for 2 years
Dimet.hyl terephthelate
subchrontc NA. 2500 ppo
(125 mgfkgfdsy) in
diet. for 103 weeks
chronic NA. 2500 ppn
(125 mg/kg/day) in
diet for 103 weeks
N, N-Dimethylurea
m-Din ltrobenzeni
subchroniC NA; 3 ppo (0 40 mg/kg!
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
chronic NA; 3 ppo (0 40 mg/kg/
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
Dinitroheflzeflea (o-, p-I
subchronic PtA; 3 pj (0 ‘ .0 mg/kg!
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
chronic NA; 3 p (0 ‘.0 mgfkg/
day) in drinking water
for 16 weeks
2. 6-Dinitro-pCresOL
4 .6-Dinitro-o-cresot
flE# .j TB r .i’vri-rS ASS TS SIR4ARY TABLE A: SIJBC 1C AND U1C T(UICITY (OTH ThAN CA I YW 1C ITT)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Compound
chronic
Exposure
Inhaletion; Oral.
NA, 1 4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
NA. reduced growth.
internal lesions
Inhalation R!C
(mg/n 3 (mg/kg/day)J
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ASSESSMENT
ND
ND
NA rat NA. minor effect on
growth. some nephri
tic involvement
NA rat NA; minor effect on
growth, some ne?hri-
tic involvement
NA rat NA. chronic kidney
inf lansnation
NA rat NA. chronic kidney
in! lanrest. ion
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK
NP. rat NA. increased splenic
weight
HA rat NA; in reased splenic
weight
Oral RID Uncertainty Factor Reference
(mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
1E_3a NA 1000 U S EPA. 1987,
Veldre and
Janes. 1919.
U S EPA. 1967
1990
IEfO NA 100 NA/Lehman, 195
U S EPA. 198)
1E+ 0 8 NA 100 NA/Lehman. 195
U S EPA. 198 /
IE-1 NA 1000 NA/NC!. 1979.
U.S EPA. 1990
1E-1 5 NA 1000 NA/NC!. 1979.
U S. EPA, 1990
U S EPA. 1984
IE-3 NA 300 NA/Cody et. at
1981. U S EPA
1990
IE-4 NA 3000 NA/Cody et. at
1981. U S EPA
1990
4E-3 NA 100 NA/Cody at at
1981, U.S EPA
198 S
‘ .E-4 NA 1000 NA/Cody et .1
1981, U S EPA
1985
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1981
NA rat NA; increased splenic ND
weight
NA ret NA, increased aplenic ND
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK 5 5SMENT
A- 34
-------
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Homer, 1942,
U S EPA. 1984.
1990
NA/Homer. 1942,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1986
1000 NA/Piekacz,
1971, U S EPA.
1987
1000 NA/Ptekacz,
1971 U S EPA.
1987
1000 NA/Uniroyal end
Cedar Chemical
Cos . 1981,
U S EPA, 1990
1000 NA/Uniroyal and
Cedar Chemical
Cos , 1981.
U S EPA. 1980
100 U S EPA, 1985/
Thomas et al
1967, U S EPA.
1990
100 U S EPA, 1985/
Thomas at al
1967, U S EPA,
1990
U S EPA, 1987
Oral RID Uncertainty
(mg/kg/day) Inhalation
2E-3 NA
2E 3a NA
Factor
Oral
1000
1000
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
2, 4-Dinitrophenol
eubchronjc NA, 2 mg/kg/day, thera-
peutic use
chronic NA, 2 mg/kg/day, thera-
peutic use
Dinitrophenola (2.3-, 2,5-; 2.6-, 3,5-)
Dinjtrotoluenea (2.3-; 2,4-; 2,5-. 2,6-; 3,4-)
Di-n-octyl phthalate
subchronic NA; 175 mg/kg/day in NA
diet for 7-12 months
chronic NA. 175 mg/kg/day in NA
di.t for 7-12 months
Dinoseb
subchronic NA. 1 mg/kg/day In diet
in 3-generation study
chronic NA, 1 mg/kg/day in diet
in 3-generation study
N, N-Diphenylamine
aubchronic NA 0 0170 (2 5 mg/kg/
day) in diet for 2 years
chronic NA. 0 0170 (2.5 mgfkg/
day) in diet for 2 years
Direct Lightfast Blue
REALTB ASSESSM ITS S1I4ARY TABLE A- SURC IC Al(D IC T( ICITT ((fffl THAN CA I ENICITT)
Update: 5ept er, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RIC ______________
Inhalation Oral Inhalation. Oral. (mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
NA human NA. cataract ND
NA human NA, cataract ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer see Table B)
rat NA, elevated kidney ND 2E-2 NA
end liver weights,
increased SCOT and
SC??
rat NA, elevated kidney ND ZE-2 8 HA
and liver weights,
increased SCOT and
SGPT
NA rat, NA, decreased fetal. ND lE_ 3 bt) NA
weight
HA rat NA, de reased fetal. ND lE-3 ’ NA
wei ghtL
NA dog NA. decreased body ND
weight gain and
increased liver and
kidney weights
HA dog NA, decreased body lID
weight gain and
Increased liver and
kidney weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A-35
2 SE-2
2 SE_Za
NA
NA
-------
az im ASS 73 S1J4ARY TABLE A SUB IC AND C IC T ( CICITY (OTR l THAN CA IR0G 1C ITT)
Update: Sept er , 1990
Compound
Disulfoton
subchronic NA; 0 8 ppn in diet for
2 years (0 04 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0 8 ppn in diet for
2 years (0 04 mg/kg/day)
Endosut fan
subchronic NA; 3 p in diet in
2-generation reproduc-
tive study
(0 13 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 3 ppn in diet, in
2-generation reproduc-
tive Study
(0 13 mg/kg/day)
NA. 100 ppn disodiLls
endothalt in the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall ton/kg/day)
chronic NA; 100 pj dt.oditm
endothall in the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall ion/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppa in diet for
18 months
(0.045 mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA. cholinesterase
inhibition, optic
nerve degeneration
WA rat NA. cholinesterase
inhibition, optic
nerve degeneration
NA rat NA. mild kidney Lesions
WA dog NA, increased relative ND
organ weights
____________________ Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1990a/
Mobay chemicaL.
1985. U S EPA,
1990a.b
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1990a/
Mobey chemical,
1985. U S EPA.
1990a,b
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Huntington
Research Center,
1984, U S. EPA,
1987
NA 3000 U S EPA, 1987/
Huntington
Research Center,
1984, U S EPA,
1987, 1990
HA 100 U S EPA, 1989/
Keller, 1965,
Pennwalt. Agchem,
n d, U S EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1989/
Keller, 1965,
Pannaalt Agchem,
n d , U S EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Treon at, al.,
1955, U S EPA,
1985, 1987,
1990
Exposur,
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
ND
ND
ND
Endotha Li
subchroni C
NA rat NA. mild kidney Lesions ND
NA dog NA, stomach effect ND
NA dog NA, stomach effect ND
4E-5
4E-5
2E-Is
5E-5
2E-2
2E-2’
SE-4
End r in
subchronlc
36
-------
REALT8 VVj.ri ASSEE TS SII44ARY TABLE A: SUB( IC AND IC TWC Id TY (OTH L THAN CA 2I 1C1TT)
Update: Sept. er, 1990
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation. Oral
Species
Inhelation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation RIC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
OraL
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA; 1 p in diet for
>2 years
(0 025 mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA. convulsioçis and ND
liver lesions
3E-4 8 NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
CBI, U S EPA,
1985. 1987.
1990
Epi ch lorohydr in
subchronic S p , 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 8718
days (HECO.25 mg m ),
10 p s (37 8 mg/rn ).
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
chronic S p , 6 hours/day,
S days/week for 87 - 8
days (HECO 25 mg m ),
*0 (37 8 /rn ),
6 boins/day S dayalw..k
for *35 w,Ms
£PTC . 5 Ithy I dIpsop & U Ioc .rb t.)
Lusopi op
2- £thory.th o1
s cbroolc *0 (31 us,. 3 )
• bonr./d.y on days 6-IS
of • . .t.tloo (6 S ..IbI/
day), 50 .1 (46 6 ./k /
day) on days 1-21 of
g.atation
chronic 100 p (369 isg/m 3 )
6 hours/day. S deys/
week for 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/ks/day)
500 mgA 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (357
mgfk /day)
2-Ethoryethsnol sc.tat.
subchronic U; 50 p (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on geata-
tional day 6-18
mouse rat nasal turbinate injury.
kidney dasnage
(also see TabLe B)
raL rat I.Lotoslclty
(.toLoIIcIty
rat rat altered hemotology,
reduced body weight
NA rat NA, decreased
ossification
mouse rat nasal. t.urbinate in,jury,
kidney damage
3E-3 2E-2
3E-4 2 E_ la.b
DATA INADU JATE FOR QUAIITITATIVI RISk ASSESSJIENT
ZC SE-lbb
2E-1 (SE-2) 4E-1
ND 3E-lb,bb
100 100 Quest at al -
1979, U S EPA.
1990/Laskin -
el, a). , 1980,
U S EPA, 1990
1000 1000 Quest et. at
1979, U S EPA,
1990/Leek in
at al , 1980,
U S EPA, 1990
U S. EPA. 1984
100 100 Doe, 1984,
U S. EPA, 1984/
Stenger at a).
1971, U S EPA,
1984
1000 1000 Barbee et al
1984, U S EPA,
1984/Melnick,
1984, U S EPA.
1985
hA 100 NA/Union
Carbide. 1984.
U S EPA, 1965
A-37
-------
HEAlTh w’ r ASS I ITS StSW.RY TANLE A: SU8( IC MD ( NIC T16(ICITT (OTR THM CA1 IM)G ICITY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation RIC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mA/kA/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
OraL
Inhalation/Oral.
chronic NA; 50 ppn (30 1 mg/kg) NA rat NA, decreased ND 3E_lb NA 100 NA/Union
x 6 hours/day on gesta- os si licetion Carbide, 1964
tional day 6-18 U S EPA. 1985
2-Ethoxyethanol esters DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S EPA. 1985
2-ethoxyethanol. acrylate,
2-ethoryethyl methecrylate,
2-athoxy.thanol phosphated,
2-et.hoxyethyl dodecanoate)
Ethyl. acetate
subchronic HA; 900 mg/kg/day by NA rat NA, mortality, body ND 9E+0 NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
gevage for 90 days weight loss 1986e,b, 1990
chronic NA, 900 mg/kg/day by NA rat NA, mortality, body ND gE_la NA 1000 NA/U S EPA,
gavags for 90 day. weight loss 1986a,b, 1990
n-Ethy Ian i i irne DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S EPA, 1986
£Lhy Ib.ns.ns
subchgonlc 5* U4 / $ NA ret NA h.p.tOtoIlCtty ND IE+D NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
d.ysI ..S for IS) and ne kirotoiiciti Wolf at a)
s S) I /k$/da ) 1956, U S EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
chronic NA. 1)4 sg/b NA rat NA h.p.toto.IcIt HO HA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
d.ys/ . (or IS) end n. 1 *irOtoaicity 1 Wolf et al
days (SI I sIk$ d.y) 1956, u s EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
Ethyl chloride DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S EPA, 1987
S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarb ate
(EPTC)
subchronic NA, 50 ppn in diet for NA rat NA, degenerative ND 2 SE-2 NA 100 NA/PPG Indu-
2 generations (2 5 mg/ cardiomyopathy tries, 1986,
kg/day) U S EPA, 1984,
1990
chronic NA; 50 ppo in diet for NA rat NA, degenerative ND 2.5E 2a NA 100 NA/PEG Indu.-
2 generations (2 5 mg/ cardloeiyopathy tries, 1986,
kg/day) u S EPA, 1984,
1990
A-38
-------
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Ethylene cyanohydrin
subchronic NA, 30 mg/kg/day in
drinking water for
90 days
chronic NA; 30 mg/kg/day in
drinking water for
90 days
Ethylenediamine
subchronic 59 ppm (1 5 mg/rn 3 )
7 hours/day, S days/week
for 30 days (25 8 mg/kg/
day). 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethytanodimsin. dthydro-
chloride (22 6 mg
•thylenediarnln./kg/day)
chronic NA; 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethylenedimnin. dihydro-
chloride (22.6 mg
ethylenediemln./kg/dey)
Ethylene glycol
subchronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day in
developmental toxicity
chronic NA; 200 mg/kg/day in
2-year dietary study
Ethylene glycot
monobutyl .th.r
subchronic 25 ppm (121 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. 5 daya/
week for 13 weeks
(8EC22 mg/rn 3 ); NA
rat NA altered hematology;
NA
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Qrel
100 U S EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al , 1976.
U S EPA. 1988
100 U S EPA, 1988/
Sauerhof C
at at , 1976,
U S EPA, 1988
100 Pozzani and
Carpenter, 1954,
U S EPA, 1988/
Yang at. at
1983, U S EPA.
1988
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1988/
Yang at at
1983, U S EPA,
1988
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Meronpot.
at at , 1983;
U S EPA, 1987
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
DePass at. at
1986a, U S EPA.
1987, 1990
100 NA Dodd at. at
1983, U S EPA,
1990/U S EPA.
198’.
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
REALTh EFVFA.’b ASSF I TS SIJWRY TABLE A: SUBCHROMIC AND CH}83U 1C 1W(ICITY (OTHFI 1 ThAN CA18INtXW 1CITY)
Update: Septe ber, 1990
— Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC ______________
Inhalation, Oral 1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
NA, decreased heart ND
and brain weights
NA, decreased heart ND
and brain weights
rat rat death, kidney and 1EfO (3E-1) ZE-1 100
liver lesions, liver
end hematologic
changes
Oral RID Uncertainty
(mg/kg/day) Inhalation
3E-1 NA
3E-i NA
NA rat. NA, liver and hernato-
logic changes
NA rat NA; fetotoxicit.y
NA rat NA; mortality, liver
and kidney effects
ND 2E-2
ND 2E+O 1 ’
ND 2E+0 6
2E1 ND
A- 39
-------
REALTh ‘y m ASS * TS SIJSIARY TABLE A: SUDCBRONIC AIR) CHIR]MTC T (BCICITY (OTHER THM CA IPOG ICITy)
Update: Sept. er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhelation RIC
lmg/in (mg/kg/day)l
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral.
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic 25 p (121 mg/a?) rat NA altered hematology, 2E-2 1000 NA Dodd at. at
6 houra/dey, S days/ NA 1983, U S EPA.
week for 13 weeks 1990/U S EPA,
(HEC22 mg/rn 3 ), NA 1990
Ethylene thiourea DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 8 U S EPA. 1984
(also see Table B)
Ethyl ether
subchronic NA, 500 mg/kg/day for NA rat NA, liver ellects ND SEfO NA 100 U S EPA, 1981/
90 days American
Biogenics Corp
1986, U S EPA,
1987
chronic NA; 500 mg/kg/day for NA ret NA, liver effects ND 5E-1 NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
90 days American
Biogenics Corp
1966, U S EPA,
1967, 1990
Ethyl rn.thacrylet..
aubchrontc NA, 65 p (1 3 mg/kg/ NA rat. NA, increased kidney ND 9E-2 NA 100 NA/Borzelloca
day) rn.thyi methacryleto weight et at , 1964.
z 114 5/100 13 (molec- U S EPA, 1986
ular weight ratio) In
drinking water for 2
years
chronic NA, 63 p (7 5 mg/kg/ NA rat. NA, increased kidney ND 9E2 8 NA 100 NA/Borzolleca
day) methyl methacrylate weight at at . 1964,
x 114.5/100 13 (moiec- U S EPA, 1986
ular weight ratio) in
drinking water for 2
years
Ethyl tolu.ne (0-, p, m) DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U s EPA, 1984
4-Ethyl-o-zylen. DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S EPA, 1984
Fluorenthene
subchronic NA, 123 mg/kg/day by NA mouse NA, nephropathy, liver ND 4E-1 NA 300 NA/U S EPA.
gavage for 90 days weight changes, hematolog 1988
ical changes
chronic NA, 125 mg/kg/day by NA mouse NA, nephropathy, liver ND NA 3000 NA/U S EPA,
gavage for 90 days weight chan$!s. hematolog- 1988, 1990
scat changes
4-40
-------
Exposure
Inhalation, Oral
NA, 125 mg/kg/day by
$avage for 13 weeka
NA, 125 08/kg/del by
8 V88O fOr 13 weeks
NA; 0.06 og fluoride/kg/
day in drinking water
NA, 0 06 mg fluoride/kg/
day in drinking water
NA, 200 ppn in the diet
for 2 years (8 mg/kg/
day)
hA, 200 ppn in the diet.
for 2 years (6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day in
capsulea for 1 year
NA. 10 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 1 year
cyanohydrin
sun.y Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral.
300 NA/U S EPA,
1989
3000 NA/U S EPA.
1989, 1990
1 U S EPA, 1989/
Hodge, 1950.
U S EPA, 1989.
1990
1 U S EPA, 1989/
(lodge, 1950,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 100 NA/Eli Lilly and
Co . 1980.
U S EPA, 1984
1990
NA 100 NA/Eli Lilly and
Co 1980,
U S EPA. 1984
1990
NA 100 NA/Chevron
Chemical Corp
1986, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA 100 NA/Chevron
Chemical Corp
1986, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
U S EPA, 1988
BEALIB EFF TS ASS SM ]ITS SII44ARY TABLE A- SU1ICH IC ARt) uIC 1’ ICITY (OTR l TEAR CARCI JC IC ITT)
Update- Sept er. 1990
Species
Effect of Concern
Inhalation RIC
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncert
Inhalation
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation. Oral
1mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/day))
NA
mouse
NA, hernatological changes
(decreased RBC)
ND
4E-1
NA
NA
mouse
NA, hemato1ogic l changes
(decreased RBC)L
ND
4E-2
NA
NA
h an
NA dental. fluorosis
at higher levels
ND
6E-2
NA
NA
hwnan
NA dental fluorosis
at higher Levels
NO
6E-2 5
NA
Compound
Fluorene
subchronic
chronic
Fluorides
subchronic
chronic
Flur (done
subchron i C
chronic
Folpet
aubchronic
chronic
Formaldehyde
NA
rat
NA, kidney and
testes
ND
8E_Za
NA
dog
NA, body weight
blood chemistry
gain.
ND
lE-1
NA
dog
NA, body weight
blood chemistry
(also see Table
gain,
B)
ND
1E_la
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A- 41
-------
AS TS Stpe4fi.Ry TABLE A- SUBOI1 IN1C A ) _ [ C 1TIx c yy (OTH} TEAR CAJ&I IG ICITy)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Formic acid
subchronic
chronic NA; 0 21 in drinking
water (200 rig/kg/day),
several. generation study
Furan
aubchronic
chronic NA, 2 mg/kg, S days/week
for 13 weeks (1 4
mg/kg/day)
20 p (77 mg ’ . 3 , 6
hourS/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg/
day), 11 mg/kg, S dey /
week for 13 weeks
(7.9 mg/kg/day)
chronic 20 p (77 mg/rn 3 ), 6
hours/day. S day. week
for 13 weeks (13 cr,g/kg/
day); 11 mg/kg, S days/
week for 13 weeks
(7.9 mg/kg/day)
10 pp. (29 mg/rn 3 ), 4
hours/day. S days/week
for 2 weeks ( NEC, 3.5
1 .8/rn ). 1.1 rig/kg/daY
chronic 10 pp. (29 mg/rn 3 ), 4
hours/day, S days/week
for 2 weeks (NEC. 3.5
mg/rn ); 1.1 mg/kg/day
rat rat decreased body weight
and kidney effects,
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
rat rat decreased body weight
snd kidney effects,
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA 100 NA/tlatorny,
1969, U S EPA.
l990a • b
NA 100 NA/llalorny,
1969, U S EPA,
1990a,b
NA 100 U S EPA, 1981/
SRI. 1982;
U S EPA, 1981
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1981/
SRI, 1982. U S
EPA, 1987, 1990
100 300 Feron at at
1979. U.s EPA,
1988/SRI, 1981,
U S EPA, 1990
300 300 Dine at at.,
1961, U S EPA.
1989/Nine et
at , 1961, U S
EPA, 1989, 1990
3000 Dine et a!
1961, U S EPA.
1989 /Hine at.
at , 1961, U S
EPA, 1989, 1990
NA, 0 2! in drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day),
several generation study
Exposure
Compound Inhststion. Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/dey)I
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA, 2 mg/kg, S days/week
for 13 week. (1.4
mg/kg/day)
Furfural
aubchronic
NA rat NA, decreased growth
NA rat NA, decreased growth
NA mouse NA, hepatic lesions
NA mouse NA, hepatic lesions
hamster rat olfactory degeneration,
hepatotoxicity
hamster rat, olfactory degeneration;
hepstotoxtcity
Glycidaldehyde
subchrontc
ND 2E+0
ND 2E+0 5
ND 1E-2
ND
5E-1 (1E-1) 3E-2
SE-2 (1E-2) 1000
1E-2 4E-3
1E-3
3000 Feron at at
1979, U S EPA,
1988/SRI, 1981.
U S EPA. 1990
3000
-------
BWLTh ‘i’ m ASSES lEXTS SINIARY TABLE A: SUB ( P IC MD IIIC T ( ICITY (OTB I B M CA I 0G IC I TT)
Update: Sept.e er. 1990
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalet,jon RIC
(mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/day)(
OraL RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/OraL
Heptach br
subchronic NA; 3 p in dist. for NA rat NA, increased Liver ND 5E-4 NA 300 U S EPA, 1987/
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day) weight Velsicol.
Chemical, 1955.
U S EPA, 1990
chronic NA: 3 p in diet for NA rat NA, increased liver ND SE-4 6 NA 300 LI S EPA, 1987/
2 yeara (0 15 mg/kg/day) weight Velsicol.
(also see Table B) Chemical, 1955,
U S EPA, 1990
n-Hoptana DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSI€NT U S EPA. 1989
Hexabromobenzeno
subchronic NA, 40 p in the diet NA rat NA, induced carboxyl- ND 2E-2 NA 100 NA/Mendoza
for 12 weeks esterase activity et al . 1977.
(2 mg/kg/day) LI S EPA, 1984,
1990
chronic NA, 40 p in the diet NA rat HA, induced carboxyl- ND 2E_3a NA 1000 NA/Mendoza
for 12 weeka esterase activity at al , 1977,
(2 mg/kg/day) a U S EPA, 1984,
1990
Hexach lorobenzene
subchronic NA. 1.6 p in diet for NA rat NA. liver and hemato- ND BE- i . NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
130 weeka (0 08 eg/kg/ logic effect.s Arnold et al
day) 1985, U S. EPA,
1990
chronic NA; 1.6 ppn in diet for NA ret NA, liver and hemato ND BE_i.e NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
130 weeks (0 08 mg/kg/ logic effects Arnold at at
day) (also see Table B) 1985, U S EPA,
1990
Hezachlorobutadlene
aubchronic NA, 2-year dietary NA rat NA, kidney toxicity ND 2E-3 NA 100 U.S EPA, 1984/
study (0.2 mg/kg/day) Kociba at at
1977, U S EPA,
1990
chronic NA. 2-year dietary NA rat NA; kidney toxicity ND 2E_3a NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
study (0.2 mg/kg/day) (Cancer, see Table 8) Xociba at al
1977, U S EPA,
1990
-------
HEALTH r.rrrlm ASSES TS SIM4ART TABLE A SLJB PIC AHD ROuIC Icn’i m CA IPa [ CITy)
Update Sept er, 1990
Exposure
C pound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/OraL
Hezach lorocyc lohexan.,
delta and epsilon DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUAIITITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT’ U S EPA. 1987
Hexachlorocyc lohexano,
ganna (Lindane)
subchronic NA, 4 p in diet for NA rat NA, liver and kidney ND 3E-3 NA too u S EPA, 1984/
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg/ toxicity ioecon Corp..
day) 1983, U.s EPA,
1990
chronic NA; 4 p in diet for NA rat NA. liver and kidney ND 3E_4a NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
12 weeks (0 33 mg/kg toxicity bacon Corp..
day) (Cancer see Table B) 1983. U S EPA,
1990
Hexschlorocyc lopentadiene
subchronic 0 13 p is (1 67 mg/rn 3 ) rat. rat respiratory tract 7E-4 (2E-4) 7E-2 100 100 Battello
6 hours/day, S days/ lesions 1 torestomach Northwest
week for 13 !eeka (0 2 lesions Laboratories,
mg/kg/day), 10 mg/kg, 1984, U S EPA,
5 days/week for 13 1984/SRI, 1881.
weeks (7 1 mg/kg/day) Abdo at al
1984, U.S. EPA,
1990
chronic 0 15 p (1 67 mg/rn 3 ) rat rat respiratory tract 7E-5 (2E-5) 7E_3a 1,000 1,000 Bsttelle
6 hours/day, S deys/ lesions. forestomach Northwest
week for 13 weeks (0 2 lesions Laboratories,
mg/kg/day). 10 mg/kg, 1984, U S EPA,
S days/week for 13 1984/SRI, 1981.
weeks (7 1 mg/kg/day) Abdo at. al
1984, U S EPA.
1990
Hexach loroethane
subchronic NA; 16-week di.tary NA ret NA, kidney degeneration ND 1E-2 NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
study (1 mg/kg/day) Gorzinski at,
at., 1985, U S
EPA, 1989, 1990
chronic NA; 16-week distary NA rat NA, kidney degeneration ND 1E_3a NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
study (1 mg/kg/day) (also see Table B) Gorzinski et
al , 1985, U S
EPA. 1989, 1990
-------
HEALTH FDTS ASSHE (HfTS S1I4ARY TABLE A: SUB NIC AND IIC T ICITY (0T THAN CARCIN0G (ICITY)
Update: Sept. er. 1990
chronic NA; 30 ppn in the diet.
for 13 weeks (0.75 mg/
kg/day)
Hexamethylenediamine
N-Hexane
subchroni C
2-Hexanone
Hydrogen sulfide
aubchronic 30 p n (42 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days, 3 1 mg/kg/day
in dried greens for
105 days
chronic 30 p n (42 mg/cs 3 )
6 hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days; 3.1 .ng/kg/day
in dried greens for
105 days
p-Hydroquinona
subchronic HA, 300 mg/day for 3-5
months (4 29 mg/kg/day)
NA d08 NA, nervous system
effects
NA dog NA, nervous system
effects
human rat. neurotoxicity,
neuropathy or
testicular atrophy
human rat neurotoxicity.
neuropathy or
testicular atrophy
mice pig inflairnnation of nasal
rnucoaa, 01 disturbance
mice pig inflairnsation of nasal
mucosa, GI disturbance
NA human HA, hornatological
effects
NA 300 NA/Nationwide
Chern Corp
1974, U S EPA,
1986. 1990
NA 3000 NA/Nationwide
Chats Corp
1974. U S EPA.
1986. 1990
U S EPA, 1985
300 1000 Senagi et al
1980; U S EPA.
1990/Krasavage
at al , 1980,
U S EPA. 1989
300 10,000 Sanagi at al
1980. U S EPA,
1990/Krasavago
at a). , 1980,
U S EPA, 1989
LI S EPA, 1990
100 100 CuT, 1983.
U S EPA, 1990b/
Watterau et al
1964, 1965, U S
EPA, 1990a,b
1000 CUT. 1983,
U S EPA, 1990b/
Watterau et al
1964, 1965, U S
EPA, 1990a,b
Hexachiorophene
aubchronic NA, 30 pps in the di.t
for 13 weeks (0.75 mg/
kg/day)
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
13 mg/rn 3 TWA for 1—12
years (occupational).
570 mg/kg/day
ND 3E-3
ND 3E_4a
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
chronic 73 mg/rn 3 TWA for 1-12
y.ar. (Occupational).
570 mg/kg/day
2E-1 6E-1
2E_ la 6E-2
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
OE-3 3E-2
9E-4 3 3E_3a
ND 4E-1
1000
NA 10 U S EPA, 1987/
Cerison and
Brewer, 1953,
U S EPA, 1987
A-AS
-------
UEM.T9 yuis ASSES TS SIWART TABLE A: SUBCB )BTC MID ( J )NIC T( IC1TY (OTHFJ1 THAB CA IWE ICITT)
Update: Sept ther , 1990
NA. 250 p xs In the diet.
for 90 days (15 m8/kg/
day)
NA human NA. hemetological
of facts
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Carison and
Brewer, 1953.
U S EPA. 1987
U S EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1986a .b . 1990
NA 1000 NA/U S. EPA.
1986a,b, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Rohm and Heas.
1972, NIP, 1986.
U S EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U.S EPA. 1987/
Rohm and Haas.
1972, NTP, 1985,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Eli Lilly
Co , 1985,
U S EPA, 1984.
1990
NA 1000 NA/Eli Lilly
Co . 1985
U S EPA, 1984.
1990
U S. EPA, 1988
HA NA U S EPA. 1984,
1986/U S EPA.
1984, 1986
NA NA U.S EPA, 1984,
1986/U S EPA,
1984 1986
Species Effect
of Concern Inhalation REC
Oral. RED
Uncertainty Factor
Reference
Inhalation Oral. Inhalation; Oral 1mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/day)J
(mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
Inhalation/Oral
ND 68
ASSESSMENT
ND
ND
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
chronic NA. 300 mg/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
Iron
Isobutyl alcohol
suchronic NA, 316 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
chronic NA; 316 mg/kg/day in the
diet. for 13 weeks
I sophorono
subchronic NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) atudy
(150 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
Isopropalin
subchron I C
chronic NA, 250 ppn in the diet.
for 90 days (15 mg/kg’
day)
Lactor titrile
Lead
subchronic NA; NA
chronic NA; NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK
NA rat NA, hypoactivity and
at ext a
NA rat NA, hypoactivity and
ataxia
NA dog NA, kidney lesions
NA dog NA, kidney lesions
(Cancer see Table B)
NA ret. NA, hematological effects,
altered organ weights
MA rat. NA. heniatological effects,
altered organ weights
4 E- 2
3E+0
3E- 1 a
2E+0
2E_ la
1 SE-i
1 SE_2a
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA HA NA, NA ND
HA NA CNS effects, CNS effects NDP
(also see Table B)
A-46
-------
HEALTh tYrLi ASSES ITS SIIWJ 1Y TABLE A: SIJBCR J 1C MD C IC T1 (ICITY (OTIIFi1 THAN CA1 I )G ICITY)
Update: Sept ther , 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, OraL
Inhalation R!C
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral R!D
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalat.ion
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Lead al.kyls: tetrabutyl,
tetraethyl, tetramethyl,
tetrapropyl, triethyl,
trimethyl, tripropyl,
trimethytothyl,
dimethylethyl,
methyltriethyl.
subchronlc NA, 0.00017 mg/kg/day NA rat NA; liver and neuronal ND 1E-6 NA 1000 NA/Schepers,
by gavage for 20 weeka damage 1964. U S EPA.
1985. 1990
chronic NA; 0 00017 mg/kg/day NA rat. NA. liver and neuronal ND NA 10.000 NA/Schepers,
by gsvage for 20 weeks damage 1964. U S EPA.
1985. 1990
Lindane (a.. Hexachlorocyclohexane. gaoma)
L nuron
•ubchron&c PA. 2 p In Lb. d$.t PA dog NA. hemat ,ological ND 2E-3 NA 300 NA/Du Pont de
tot 2 yeats (0 623 mgi Nemours end Co
$/da7) 1962. U S EPA.
1984, 1990
chronic PA. 23 p In Lb. dI.t PA dog NA hatologlcal ND 2E-3 NA 300 NA/Du Pont de
fee 2 v.Szs (0 623 mgi also a.. Table e Neniours end Co
k g/day 1962, U S EPA.
1984, 1990
Ii. lath I on
subchrontc PA, 16 mg/day I C cap- PA htnan NA, hamatologicai ND 2E-2 NA 10 NA/Moeller and
sul.. for 41 days Rider, 1962,
(0 23 mg/kg/day) U S EPA, 1984,
1990
chronic NA, 16 mg/day in c.p NA human NA, hematological 2E_2e HA 10 NA/Mo.llor and
eul.a for 47 days Rider, 1962,
(0 23 mg/kg/day) U S EPA, 1984.
1990
Haleic anbydrid.
eubchronic NA; 10 mg/kg/day in the NA rat NA; kidney lesions ND 1E-1 NA 100 NA/Jessup
di.t. for 2 years at al , 1982,
Preach., 1983;
U S EPA, 1986,
1990
A-47
-------
HEALTH YV x ASSES9 ITS SLP* ART TABLE A: SUB M1C AND CHROPIC T(BCTCITT (OTRHR THAN CAJ 1CIPOGHAICITY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral,
NA, 10 m$/k /day in the
diet for 2 years
MaLeic hydrazide
subchronlc NA, 12 in diet for
28 months (500 mA/kg/
day)
chronic NA, 12 in diet, for
28 months (500 ,n8/kg/
day)
PA 0 *5 .S/bs/d by
$sv • S dsys#ws.S lot
*20 days
PA, 0 25 by
•svss S dsys/* lot
120 d.y.
HA, 50 p in th. diet
for 80 weeks (2 9 o&Ik
day)
NA; 50 ppn in the diet
for 90 weeks (2 9 o /k
day)
NA; 300 pps in diet for
6 months (5 /k /day)
NA rat NA, altered kidney
function
NA rat NA. altered kidney
function
Compound
chronic
P .Ionoo$Iti 1.
s cbrmo is
c hr o is
Hencoseb
subchrositc
chronic
Maneb
subchronic
Species
Effect of Concern
Inhalation RIC
Oral RID
(IRA/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation, Oral
1m8/m 3 (m&/kg/day))
Inhalation
Oral
Inhatatiop/Orat
NA
rat
NA, kidney lesions
ND
1E_la
NA
100
NA/Jessup
at al , 1982,
Preache, 1983,
U S EPA, 1986
1990
ND
SE-l
NA
1000
U S EPA, 1989/
Van der Hsijden
et at , 1981,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
ND
SE 1 5
NA
1000
U S EPA, 1989/
Van der Heijden
at sI • 1981,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
PA
ret
NA liver and .pl..n
ND
ZE-4
NA
1000
NA/Panov at at
1972, U S EPA,
1986
PA
t•t
NA. liv., and spl..n
ND
22 5 q
NA
1000
NA/Psnov et at
1972, U.S EPA,
1986
MA
rat,
NA, Aoitro8.nic
effects
ND
3E-2
NA
100
NA/U S EPA,
1984
NA
rat
NA, goitrogenic
effects
ND
3E-2
NA
100
NA/U S EPA,
198 ’ .
NA
monkey
NA, increased thyroid
wei8ht
ND
SE-2
NA
100
NA/Roles end
Haas Co , 197?,
Haneb Data Task
Force. 1986,
U S EPA, 1984,
A-48
-------
REALTh F TZ ASS N SLIIARY TABLE A. SUB I(IC AND NiC T ICITY (OTH ThAN CA IN0GENICITy)
Update: Sept er, 1990
clu onic
NA, 300 ppo in diet for
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
Manganese
aubchronic 0 97 mg/rn 3 occupat. onai.
mg/rn
0 03- .I6 mg Mn/kg/day
chronic dietary intake
chronic 0.97 mg/rn 3 occupat onal
LOAELjy ’0 34 mg/rn
o 03-ö 16 mg Mn/kg/day
chronic dietary intake
rat NA, liver and kidney
weights, reduced
plasma, REC and
brain cholinesterase
activities
100 NA/Rohn and
Nasa Co , 1977,
Maneb Data Task
Force, 1986,
U S. EPA, 1984,
1990
Roels et, al
1987, U S EPA,
1984a,b/NRC,
1989, Schroede
et al , 1966,
U S EPA,
1984a,b, 1990,
WHO, 1973
Roels et, at
1987, U S EPA,
1984/NRC, 1969,
Schroeder
et at , 1966,
Ii S EPA,
1984a,b, 1990,
WHO, 1973
9E-4 NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1984
chronic NA, 1 25 ppu in the diet
for 17 weeks (0 09 mg/
kg/day)
NA rat NA, liver and kidney
weights, reduced
plasma, RBC and
brain cholinesterase
activities
NA 1000 NA/U S EPA,
1984
NA
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation RIC
(mg/a? (mg/kg/dey)J
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalstion
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
monkey NA, increased thyroid
weight
ND SE_2a NA
human
human
respiratory
symptoms end
4E-4 1 5-1 900
psychomotor
disturbances,
no effect
human
human
respiratory
psYchornot 1 r
no effect
symptoms and
disturbances,
4E-4 1
900
PA (see 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyscettc acid)
PB (see 4-(2-tiethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid)
P PP (see 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid)
Liephosfolan
aubchronic NA, 1.25 p n in the diet NA
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
ND
ND 9E-5
A-49
-------
BEALYB ASS TS SLJI1ARY TABLE A: SUBCURO 1C ABD IIIC TCECICITY (OF THAB CA J )G 1C1Ty)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Irthatat.ion, Oral
Inhalation R!C
Im /m 3 (m8/k8/day))
Oral RfD
(m5/k 5/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
InhalatIon/Oral
Mercury, inorianic
subchronic 0.009 518/rn 3 , several
occupational studies.
several oral end
parenteral studies in
the Brown Norway rat
chronic 0 009 m8/rn . several
occupational studies;
aeveral oral and
par.nt.r.1 atudlea in
th. brown Norway rat
chronic NA; 0.1 cs /k8/day in
capsules for 3 months
Herphos oxide
subchroniC NA; 0 1 m /k8/day in
capsules for 3 months
human rat neurotoxicity, kidney
effects
human rat neuroto icity, kidney
effects
30 1000 Fawer at al
1983, P11k lvi
and Tolonen,
1989, Pilkivi
and Henninen,
1989, Pilkivi,
1989, U S EPA.
1984, 1990/
Druet at. at
1978, Berneudin
at at. , 1981,
Andrea, 1984;
U S EPA, 1987
30 1000 Fawer at. at.
1983, Piikivi
and Tolonen,
1989, Piikivj
and Hanninen,
1989; Plikivi,
1989, U S EPA,
1984, 1990/
Druet at al
1978, Bernaudln
at. al . 1981,
Andrea, 1984,
U S EPA, 1987
1990
3E-4 NA 300 NA/Abou-Donia
.1. al., 1980,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 3000 NA/Abou-D 0 nje
at al. , 1980,
U S. EPA. 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Abou-Donia
at al . 1979,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
Her phos
subchron lc
NA; 0 1 rn fk /day in
capsules for 3 months
3E-4 3E-4
3E-4 3E-4
ND
lID 3E.5a
3E -4
NA hen HA, ataxia, delayed
neurotoxicity
MA hen NA, ataxia, delayed
neurotox Ic I ty
NA hen HA, ataxia, delayed ND
neurotoxicity
A- 10
-------
HEALTH &Y r ASS ITS SLJ IA11Y TABLE A: SU8 M1C NW II1C T(3(IC ITT (OTH L TUM CA INOG 1CITY)
Update: Sept er. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect, of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (rng/kg/dayfl
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA. 0 1 mg/kg/day in
capsules for 3 months
Methacrylonitri to
subchronic 3 2 ppm (9 mg/rn 3 ). 7
houra/day, 5 days/week
for 90 daya (0.63 mgI
kg/day) 4 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/rn’) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0 32 rng/kgfday)
chronic 3 2 ppm (9 mg/rn 3 ), 7
houre/day. 5 days/week
for 90 daya (0 63 mg/
kg/day) 4 3 2 ppm
(9 mg/rn”) 7 hours/day
S days/week for 90 days
(0 32 mg/kg/day)
HA, 500 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 daya
chronic NA; 500 mg/kg/day by
gavago for 90 days
dog dog increased SCOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
dog increased SCOT end
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions, in-
creased SCOT and
SGPT, Loss of hind-
Limb motor control,
brain Lesions
NA rat. NA. increased serum ND
alkaline phosphataso
and SGPT end decreased
brain weight
Nit rat WA, increased serum ND 8
alkaline phosphatase
and SGPT and decreased
brain weight
NA 3000 NA/Abou-Donia
et at , 1979,
U S EPA. 1984,
1990
300 300 Pozzani et at
1968, U S EPA.
1990/Pozzani
et. al , 1968.
U S EPA. 1990
3000 Pozzeni et al
1968, U S EPA,
1990/ Pozz ant
et al. , 1968,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 1000 NA/U S. EPA.
1985, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1988/
Kaplan end
Sherman, 1977,
U S EPA, 1988,
1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977,
U S EPA, 1988,
1990
NA hen NA, at.exia, delayed ND
neurotoxici ty
dog
Methanol
subchron Ic
3000
7E-3 (2E_3)m 1E_3b
7E-4 (2E_4)m LE_ 4 a,b
SE+O
SE- 1 a
3E-2
Methomyl
subchrontc NA; 100 ppm in di.t
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
2 ’ , months
chronic NA; 100 ppm in diet
(2 5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA dog NA, kidney lesions ND
NA dog NA, kidney lesions
ND 3E-2
A-Si
-------
HEALTH FU TS ASS I TS SJJf4MI tABLE A: SUB IC AND IC T ( ICITY (OT THAN CA INO IICITy)
Update: Sept ther. 1990
Exposure
Compound InhaLation Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral.
Inhalation RfC
( rag/ ca 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Inh 1atjon
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Nethoxychior
aubchronic NA. 5 01 mg/kg/day on
days 1-19 of gestation
chronic NA; 5.01 mg/kg/day on
days 7-19 of gestation
2-Hethoxyothanol.
subchronic 10 ppm (31 rag/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 5 daya/
week for 13 weeks
(2 9 rag/kg/day), 10
ppm (31 mg/rn”) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1 47
mg/kg/day)
chronic 10 ppm (31 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2 9 rng/kg/dQy). 10
ppm (31 mg/rn”) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1 47
mg/kg/day)
NA rabbit NA. excessive loss of
litters
NA rabbit NA, excessive loss of
1itters
rabbit rabbit fetotozicity and
testicular effects.
fetotoxicity and
testicular effects
rabbit rabbit fetotoxicity and
testicular effects,
fetotoxicity and
testicular effects
ND
ND
1E-1 (3E_2)0,)
1E-2 ( 3 E_ 3 )0.bb
5E- 3
5E 3a
lE Zb.
lE 3 b.8.bb
NA 1000 UA/Kincsid
Enterprises,
1986. U S EPA,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Kjncajd
Enterprises,
1986, U S EPA,
1990
100 100 Miller at al
1982/Miller
at al , 1982,
U S EPA, 1986
1000
1000 MiLler at al
1982/Hi lIar
at a]. , 1982,
U S. EPA, 1986
2-Methoxyethsnol acetate
.ubchronic NA, 10 ppm (31 mg/rn 3 )
2-methoxyethanol x
18 13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 bours/
day x 5 days/week x 0 5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
chronic NA, 10 ppm (31 mg/rn 3 )
2-mothoxyethanol x
18 13/76 09 (molecular
weight ratio) a 6 hours/
day a S days/week a 0 5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
NA rabbit NA, testicular
degeneration
NA 100 NA/Miller
at al., 1982,
U S EPA, 1981
NA 1000 NA/MiLler
at a]. , 1982,
U S EPA, 1987
NA rabbit MA. testicular ND
degeneration
2E_2b
2E_ 3 b
A- 52
-------
HEALTH D ’Fbm ASSES S S 1fliARY TABLE A: JBC NIC MD ( NIC T( ICITy (OTU i THAN CA 1 IC ITT)
Updat.e: Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
InhaLation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NB. 500 mg/kg/day
methanol by gaVage for
90 days x 7’. 08/32 04
(molecular weight . ratio)
NA; 15 piss (53 mg/rn 3 )
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0 5
absorption factor
chronic NA. 15 ppn (S3 mg/rn 3 )
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0 5
absorption factor
Methyl bromide (see Bromomethane)
Methyl chloride
Methyl chiorocerbonate
2-Methyl-4 -chiorophenoxy-
acetic acid (PIPA)
eubchronic NA; 6 p in the diet
for 52 weeks (0 15 mg/
kg/day)
chronic NA, 6 p in the diet
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA 100 NA/Toxicity
Research Labora-
tory. 1986.
U S EPA, 1986
NA 1000 NA/Toxicity
Research Labora-
tory, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986
HA 100 NA/Klimisch and
Retninghaus,
1984, U S EPA.
1987
NA 100 NA/Klimisch and
Reintngheus ,
1984, U S EPA.
1987
U S EPA, 1986
U S. EPA, 1989
NA 300 NA/Induatry Task
Force, 1986,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Industry Task
Force, 1986,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
4- (2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-
buturic acid ( CPB)
aubchronic NA; 12 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
NA rat, NA, reproductive ND
dog toxicity in dogs,
liver and kidney
effects in rats
IE-1 NA 100 NA/Rhodia Inc
1970a ,b,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
Methyl acetate
subchronic
NB; 500 mg/kg/day
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74 08/32 04
(molecular weight ratio)
Methyl ecrylat.
subchronic
NA rat NA, liver damage ND
NA ret NA, liver damage ND
NA rat, NA, no effect ND
NA rat NA, no effect 1 ND
10
is
3E-2
3£- 2
SE-k
ND SE_4a
NA dog NA, kidney end liver ND
NA dog NA, kidney and liver
A 3
-------
Exriosur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic NA, 12 mg/kg/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
2-(2-Het .hyl-4-ch lorophenoxy)-
propionic acid (ICPP)
subchrontc NA, 50 ppm in the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
chronic NA, 50 ppm in the diet.
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
tiethylcyc lohexane
4 • 4 -Methylene-bis(2-chlor oani ljne)
subchronic NA. 100 mg/day, 3 days/
week for 3 weeke, then
S days/week for 9 years
(7 3 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 100 mg/day, 3 days/
week for 3 weeks, then
S days/week for 9 years
(7 3 mg/kg/day)
tlot .hy Len. bromide
(dibromomethan.)
subchronic NA; 25 ppm (178 mg/rn 3 )
8 hours/day for 63 days
In a 90-day period, 0 5
absorption factor
(11.0 05/kg/day)
chronic NA, 25 ppm (178 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day for 63 days
in a 90-day period, 0.5
absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
HEALTH m’ui ASS TS SZ 4ARY TABLE A: SUB 1C MD IC 1 ICITY (OTB ThM CA I )G ICIyy)
U xiato: Sept er, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RIC Oral RfD Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral (mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)j (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
NA rat, NA, reproductive ND 1E-2 5 NA 1000
dog toxicity In dogs,
liver and kidney
effects in rat.s
NA rat NA, kidney weight ND 1E-2 NA 300
NA rat NA, kidney weight ND 1E 3a NA 3000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA, liver and bladder ND 7E-4 NA 10,000
effects
NA dog NA, Liver and bladder ND 7E-4 NA 10,000
effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, increased ND 1E. lb NA
carboryhemoglobin
NA rat NA, increased ND 6 1E Zb NA
cerboxyhemog lobin
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Rhodia Inc
1970e b,
Ii S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA/BASF Akt
1985, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
NA/BASF Akt
1985, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
U S EPA, 1984
NA/Stula ot al
1977, U S EPA,
1990
NA/Stula et al
1977, U S. EPA,
1990
100 NA/Keyes at at
1962, U S EPA,
1967
1000 NA/Keyes at at
1982, U S EPA,
1987
-------
HEALTh LYYU..Th ASSES WqTS SIReiARY TABLE A: SU CHIE)IUC AND CRRO IC T(B( IC ITT (OTU L THAN CA IWJGENICITY)
Update Sept er, 1990
Erpoauçe
Compound Inhalation, Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RCC
1 1 1 1 8/rn 3 ( 1n8/kg/day)l
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
Hethylena chloride
(di chioromothane)
subchrontc 200 ppa (694 8 cng/m 3 )
6 hours/day, S days/week
for 2 year!; 24-month
drinking water atudy
15 85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females))
chronic 200 p (694 8 mg/rn 3 )
6 houre/day, 5 days/week
for 2 yeare, 24,nonth
drinking water study
(5 85 mg/kg/day (males)
6 47 mg/kg/day (females))
4,4’ -M.thylenediph.nyl
i socyanat.
Methyl •thyl b.nz.n.. (a.. Et.hyltoiuen.)
k.tone
235 ppo (693 mg/rn 3 )
7 houre/dey, S daye/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day 3 ; 235 p sn
(693 mg/rn ) 7 houra/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeke (46 mg/kg/day)
chronic 235 ppa (693 mg/rn 3 )
7 hours/day, S days/
w.ek for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day 3 ; 235 p
(693 mg/rn ) 7 hours/
day. 5 deye/w.ek for
12 w..ke (46 mg/kg/day)
Methyl. ieobutyl k.ton.
subchronic 50 p (205 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gevage
for 13 weeks
rat, rat NA, liver toxicity, 3E+O
(Cancer see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat rat liver and kidney 8E-I (2E-1)
effects, liver and
kidney effects
100 100 Nitschke at aL
1988. U S EPA.
1990/National
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
100 100 Nitschke at aL
1988. U S EPA.
1990/National
Coffee AssoCia-
tion, 1982,
U S. EPA. 1989,
1990
U S EPA. 1985
100 100 LaBelle and
Brieger, 1955.
U S EPA, 1990/
Lafletle and
Brieger, 1955,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
1000 LaBelle and
Briegor, 19 )3,
U S EPA, 1990/
LaBelle and
Brioger. 1955,
U S EPA. 1989.
1990
100 100 Union Carbide
Corp., 1983,
U S EPA, 1990/
Hicrobiologicet
Associates,
1986, U S EPA.
1989, 1990
ret, rat NA, liver toxicity, 3E+0
Methyl •thyl
subchronic
6E -2
6E_2a
rat rat CNS, fetotoxicity 3E-0 (9E-1) SE_lbMb
rat rat CNS; fetotoxicity t 3E-1 (9E-2) 8
SE-i
1000
A- 55
-------
HEALTH rr -in A E _ _NTS S 1 4ART TABLE A: SUB MIC ABD CflJ IIIjC TWCICITY (OTH I TRAIl CAJ&TROG ICITT)
Update: Sept er , 1990
Expo3url
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Irthalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)l
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic 50 ppo (205 mg/rn 3 ) ret rat liver and kidney 8E2 (2E-2) 8 1000 1000 Union Carbide
6 hours/day. 5 deya/ effects, liver and Corp 1983.
week for 90 days kidney effects U S EPA. 1990/
(23 3 mg/kg/day), MicrobiologicaL
50 mg/kg/day by gavage Associates,
for 13 weeks 1986. U S EPA.
1989, 1990
Methyl isocyanate DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S EPA. 1986
Methyl mercury
eubchronic NA; 0 003 mg/kg/day HA human NA, CNS effects ND 3E 4 NA 10 NA/Clarkson
in humans associated et al , 1976,
with Hg in blood at Nordberg and
200 mg/mt Strangart, 1976,
WHO. 1976, U S
EPA, 1990
chronic NA, 0 003 mg/kg/day NA human NA. CNS effects ND 3E -4 NA 10 KA/Carkson
in hiunana associated at al. , 1976,
with Hg in blood at Hordberg end
zoo ng/mt Strangart., 1976,
WHO, 1976, U S
EPA, 1990
Methyl methecrylate
aubchronic HA, 60 ppm for 4 month. HA rat NA, increased relative ND 8E2 NA 100 NA/Borrelleca
then 70 ppm for 20 kidney weight at al , 1964,
month8 in drinking water U S EPA, 1985
(7 5 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 60 ppm for 4 months NA rat NA, increased relative ND 8E2 8 NA 100 NA/Borzolleca
then 70 ppm for 20 kidney weight at al. , 1964,
months in drinking water U S. EPA, 1985
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
Methyl parathion
aubchronic NA; 0.5 ppm (0 025 rng/ NA rat NA; reduced hemogLobin, ND 2 SE-’, NA 100 NA/Monsanto Co
kg/day) in dist. for hematocrit and RBCa, 1983, U S EPA,
2 y.ars cholinesterase inhibition 1990
chronic NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/ NA rat NA, reduced hemoglobin. MD 2 SE_ge NA 100 NA/Monaanto Co
kg/day) in di.t. for hematocrit and RBCs, 1983; U.S. EPA,
2 years cholinest,erase inhibition 1990
A- 56
-------
UZALTU ‘F LT j ASS SITS 5111ARy TABLE A: SUB( I8NIIC MU) QIIENIIC ]EICITT (OTUER lUAu CA 1NOGENICITY)
Update: SepL er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(cng/m 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
Methyl etyrene
(industrial mixture)
subchronic 10 pp (48 3 mg/rn 3 ) 6
hours/day, S days/week
for 103 weeks (11 2 mg I
kg/dQy), 10 p (48.3
mg/rn’) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 rng/k8/daY)
chronic 10 p (48 3 mg/rn 3 ) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11 2 mg/
kg/day). 10 ppn (48 3
mg/rn”) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5 6 mg/kg/day)
P4.t .hyl styr.n. alpha
. .bchroclc 910 7 5 ho rs/
day S d ays/w.. 5 tor
ZOO days (09 Ik 5 /d.yJ
U
cbgamic 910 7 5 b,owgs/
day S 4ays/e for
ZOO days (09 Ik$1day),
PA
141r.a
subcbroml C
NA. 50 /day in drinking
water (total exposure
estimated to be 0 28
mg/day or 0 004 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 50 us/day in drinking
water (total exposure
estimated to be 0 Z6
mg/day or 0 004 mg/kg/day)
rat NA liver and kidney,
NA
rat PA lkvat and Iithm.y,
I A
PA prairi. NA. d.creaa.d pup
vol. survival
NA prairie NA. decreased pup
vole survival (Cancer
see Table B)
NA human NA, changes in
biochemical indices
NA human NA, changes in
biochemical indices
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1987, Wolf
et al , 1956
NA 1000 NA/U.S EPA
1987. Wolf
at al , 1956
NA 10,000 U S EPA, 1987/
Shannon, 1976,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 10,000 Ii S EPA, 1987/
Shannon, 1976,
U S EPA, 1990
1 U S EPA. 1990/
Chappell et al
1979, U S EPA,
1990
1 U S EPA, 1990/
Chappell et al
19)9, U S EPA,
1990
mouse mouse nasal lesions;
nasal lesions
mouse mouse nasal lesions.
nasal lesiona
1000
1000
1000 t’ I, 1984a,
U S EPA. 1987/
HRI, 1984a,
U S EPA, 1987
1000 I ’ I, 1984a,
U S EPA. 1987/
I’ I. 1984a,
U S. EPA, 1987
IA, 0 1 p In d&.t,
.ait.ig.n.rstional study
(0 015 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 0 1 p n in diet.
multigen.rational study
(0 015 mg/kg/day)
Molybdenum
subchronic
4E-2 (1E-2) 6E_3b
4E-2 (1E_2) 8 6E_3b
ND 7E_lb
ND 7E_2b
ND 2E-6
ND
ND
ND
AE-3 NA
4E-3 NA
A-I)
-------
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Mo 1 mate
eubchronic NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day by
gavage
chronic NA; 0 2 rug/kg/day by
gavage
Monochiorobutanes
aubchronic NA; 120 mg/kg, 5 deye/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage
chronic NA, 60 mg/kg, 5 deya/
wa for 103 w..ka by
s.Ys4.
Nap( t.b.I.n.
s chs &c NA 50 fk 5Iday by
S days/..S to:
13 e’ . (3 5 1
day)
chremic NA. 50 fk 5/dsy by
S daye/ to:
13 e s (35 7 /kg/
day)
1, -Naphthoquir ton.
Nickel
aubchronic NA, 100 ppu Ni from
nickel aulfate in diet
for 2 years
(5 mg Hi/kg/day)
chronic NA; 100 ppo Ni from
nickel aulfat, in
diet for 2 years
(5 mg Ni/kg/day)
t4icottnonitrile
Factor
Oral
100
100
HEALTH 1ui AS& ITS SINlIARY TABLE A: SUB IC AND CU JNIC 1 ICITY (OTH THAN CA INOGENICITY)
Update: Sept . er, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Inhalation RIC Oral RfD Uncertajnt’ ’
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral. (mg/cs 3 (mg/kg/day)I (mg/kg/day) Inhalation
NA rat NA, reproductive ND 2E-3 NA
toxicity
MA ret NA, reproductive ND 2E-3 8 NA
toxicity
NA rat NA, reduced body ND 9E-1 NA
weight gain;
hyperactivity,
convulsions
NA rat NA, mortality ND 4E-1 NA
U rat MA d.cr.as.d body ND 4E-2 NA
w.lght gate
IA rat. NA. d.cr.aa.d body MD NA
weight gate
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat cancer, reduced body ND ZE-2 NA
and organ weight
NA rat cancer (see Table B), ND 8 2E_2Z NA
reduced body and organ
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
100
100
1,000
10,000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Steuffer
Chemical Co
1981, U S EPA,
1990
NA/Stauffer
Chemical Co
1981, U S EPA,
1990
U S EPA, 1989/
NIP, 1986; U S
EPA, 1989
U.S EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1986, U S
EPA, 1989
U S EPA, 1988/
NTP, 1980, U S
EPA, 1988, 1990-
U S EPA, 1988/
NIP, 1980, U S -
EPA, 1988, 1990
U S EPA, 1986
300 U S EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
at al , 1976,
U S EPA, 1990
300 U S EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
at el , 1976,
U S EPA, 1990
U S EPA, 1987
A-58
-------
HEALTh rj’yu zS ASS TS SlJ*IARY TABLE A: SUBCW8IMIC A D CH]8) IC 1 IC1TY (OT THAR CA I )G TCITT)
Update: Septmrler , 1991)
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation RtC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
NA. 10 ppo (10 mg/t)
nitrate concentration
in infant formula
(1 0 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 10 ppn (10 mg/t)
nitrate concentration
in infant formula
(1 0 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 10 ppn nitrate in
drinking water
Nitroenilines (0- • m-, p-)
5 pps (25 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. 5 days!
week for 90 days
(HEC4.5 mg/rn ” 3 ;
S p (25 mg/rn
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(4 64 mg/kg/day)
chronic 5 pps (25 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 dQya
(HEC4.5 mg/rn’ 3 ,
5 p (25 mg/rn
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 p diet for
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
Nitrofurantoin
Subchronic
mouse mouse hematological. adrenal.
renal and hepatic
lesions. hematological.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions
mouse mouse heniatological, adrenal.
renal and hepatic
lesions; hematologicel.
adrenal, renal çnd
hepetic lesionsL
NA 10 NA/Walton, 1951.
U S EPA. 1990
NA 10 NA/Walton, 1951.
U S EPA, 1990
NA 10 U S EPA, 1989,
Walton, 1951,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 10 U S EPA, 1989/
Walton, 1951,
U S EPA. 1989,
1990
U S EPA, 1985
300 1000 CUT, 1984.
Ii S EPA, 1987/
CIII, 1984;
U.S EPA, 1987
3000 10.000 CUT. 1984;
U S EPA, 1987/
CIII ’, 1984,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
SRI, )980,
U S EPA, 1987
Nitric oxide
subchronic
Nitrite
subchronjc
NA, 10 ppe nitrate in
drinking water
NA human NA, methemoglobinemia NA IE-1
NA human NA, methemoglobinemie NA 1E1 5
NA human NA, methemoglobinemla ND 1E1
NA human NA, methemoglobinemia ND 1E-1 5
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Nitrobenzene
subchronic
2E-2 5E_3b
2E-3 5E_4b,2
ND 7E-1
NA mouse HA, testicular
damage
A—59
-------
EALTU ASS lDITS SL WRT TAELE A: S 1ThCTDWILIC AND NIC T( IC1TT (OTfl ( THAN CA 1N 1CITT)
Update: Septe er , 1990
chronic NA: 300 ppn diet for
13 weeks (69.7 m /kg/
day)
Hitrofurans, other aee Table 8
Nitrogen dioxide
subchronic 0 4 ppa (0 753 mg/rn 3 )
continuous for up to
27 mQnths (HEC1.56
m8/m ’ ), 10 p
nitrate-N in water
(1 mg nitrate-N/kg/day)
chronic 0 4 ppn (0 753 mg/rn 3 )
continuous for up to
27 m 9 nths (NEC—i 56
mg/ms), 10 p
nitrit.-P in water
(I ag nitr.t,.-N/kg/day)
Nitrogen ox idea
Nitroriethane
Nitropheno1 5
p-Hi troaodipbenylarntn.
Hitrotol .uenes (0- • m-, p-)
subchronic NA; 200 mgAgldiy
o-nitrotoluens x
5 days/week by gevegs
for 6 months
chronic NA; 200 mg/kg/del
o-nitrototuen. x
S days/week by gavage
for 6 months
rat hwnan proliferative 2E-2
changes in lungs,
methemoglobinemia
rat hwnan proliferative changes 2E-2 8
in lungs, metheino-
globineniia
7E-2 NA 1000 U S EPA, 1967/
SRI. 1980.
U S EPA, 1987
Kubota at at
1987, Sagat and
Ichinose, 1987,
Sagai at a).
1984, U S EPA.
199Db/Walton,
1951, U S EPA,
1990a,b
Kubota at at
1987, Sagei and
Ichtnoae, 1987.
Sagai at al
1984, U S EPA,
199Db/Walton,
1951; U S EPA.
1990a,b
U S EPA, 1982
U S EPA. 1985
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1986
1E1 NA 1000 NA/Cj , at. at
1980, U S EPA,
1986
1E2 NA 10,000 NA/Cias at a l
1980, U S EPA,
1986
Exposur .
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
NA muse NA, testicular ND
damage
1E+0
1 E+Oa,dd
100
100
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 8
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; aplenic lesions ND
NA rat NA, splenic lesion, ND
A-60
-------
HEALTH F T5 ASS TS t4ARY TAELE A: SUB MIC AMD ( ROU IC T( CICITT (OTH TRA1 CA I*)G 1CITY)
Update: Sept ber, 1990
Expo ur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Octabroniodiphenyl ether
subchronic NA, 2 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic NA, 2 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Octamethylpyrophoaphoramide
aubchronic NA, 1 5 mg/day for at,
least 30 days (0 02
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 1 5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0 02
mg/kg/day)
Ozone and other
phot.ochamlcal ozidants
Paraldehyde
Parathion
subchronic NA, CM
chronic NA, CM
Particulate matter
and sulfur oxidea
Pebulata
subchronlc HA, 5 mg/kg/day
subchronic feeding
study
chronic NA, 5 mg/kg/day
subchronic feeding
study
NA human NA; decreased blood ND
cholinesterase
activity
NA human NA, decreased blood ND
cholinesterase
activity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA. cholinesterase ND
inhibition
NA human NA, cholinesterase ND
inhibition,
(see also Table B)
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
NA rat NA, anticoagulant ND
effects
NA rat HA, anticoagulant ND
effects
- Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Car lson,
1980, U S EPA.
1983, 1990
NA/Car ison,
1980, U S EPA,
1983, 1990
NA 10 U S EPA, 1989/
Rider at al
1969, U S EPA,
1989
NA 10 U S EPA, 1989/
Rider at al
1969, U S EPA,
1989
U S EPA, 1986
U S EPA, 1986
NA 10 U S EPA. 1987/
U S EPA, 1987
NA 10 U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1987
NA/CBI,
U S EPA, 1984
NA/C8I,
U S EPA, 1984
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation NEC
Lmg/m 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Inhalation
Oral
NA rat NA, liver histology
NA rat. NA, liver histology’
ND
ND
NA 100
HA 1000
3E-2
3E_3a
2E -3
6E-3
6E -36
SE-2
5E-2
NA 100
NA 100
A-61
-------
BE iTh ‘yu- ASS TS JtiARY TABI.E A: SUB M1C A D NIC TOIC IC ITT (OTRf THAI CARCIMOGF ICITT)
Update; Sept er, 1990
Exposur,
Inhalation. Oral.
NA; 12 5 e /k /day ,
7 days/week in capsules
for 2 years
chronic NA; 12 5 m8fkgldey.
7 days/week in cap8ulea
for 2 years
Pentabromodiphenyl .ther
subchronic NA, 1 8 a /k8/day by
gavage for 90 day.
chronic NA; 1.8 m /kg/dey by
ava e for 90 days
Pentach Lorobensene
subchronic NA; 83 m8/k8/day in
the diet for 100 days
chronic NA; 83 ni Ik /day in
th. diet for 100 day.
Pentechl .orocyc lopentedi en.
Pentechioroni trobensene
subchronic NA; 30 p (0.75 /ki/
day) in diet, for 2 years
chronic NA; 30 ppe (0.75 m /k /
day) in diet for 2 years
Pentachiorophenol
subchronic NA; 3 /k /day by
eva e 62 days before
matifl8 through gestation
NA ret NA, liver and kidney ND
toxicity
NA/American
Cyanimid, 1979,
U S EPA, 1964,
1990
NA 300 NA/American
Cyanimid, 1979,
U S EPA. 1984,
1990
NA 100 HA/Carlson,
1980, U S EPA,
1983, 1990
NA 1000 NA/Carleon,
1980, U S EPA,
1983, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1969/
Linder at at.
1980, U S EPA,
1989, 1990
NA 10,000 U S EPA, 1989/
Under at al
1960, U S EPA.
1989, 1990
U S. EPA, 1988
NA 300 NA/Olin Corp
1968, U S EPA,
1990
NA 300 NA/Olin Corp.,
1968, U S EPA,
1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 198a/
Schw.t at al
1978, U S EPA,
1986, 1990
Compound
Pendimethalin
subchronic
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA dog
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
NA, liver
Inhalation RIC
1mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/dey)I
ND
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
NA 300
Reference
Inhalation/OraL
NA dog NA. liver ND
NA rat. NA, liver enzymes ND
NA rat, NA, liver enzymes 1 ND
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
2E -2
BE -3
8E-4 6
3E-3
3E-3 5
3E-2
NA rat NA; liver and kidney liD
toxicity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISX ASSESSMENT 1
NA dog NA, liver toxicity ND
NA dog NA. liver toxicity ND
(Cancer see Table 8)
NA rat NA, fetotoxicity ND
A-62
-------
HEALTH vrir ASS E TS SIJ4ARY TABLE A: SUBQ9 )NIC MD Cfl IC T ICITY (OTH}] 1 THAR CARCI*)G IICITT)
Update: Septe er. 1990
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation R!C
tcng/m (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 3 mg/kg/day by HA rat NA, liver and kidney ND 8 3E-2 6 NA 100 U S EPA. 1984/
gavage for 22-2g montha pathology Schwetz et. al
(also see Table 8) 1978. U S EPA.
1986. 1990
l.1,2,3,3-Pentachloroprop.n. DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S. EPA, 1983
n-Pent.ano DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT U S. EPA. 1987
Phenanthrene DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT’ U S EPA, 1984,
1987
Phenol
aubchronic NA; 60 mg/kg/day by NA rat NA. reduced fetal body ND 6E-1 NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
gavage during organo- weight Research
genesia Triangle
Institute, 1983.
U S. EPA. 1990
chronic NA, 60 mg/kg/day by NA ret NA. re uced fetal body D8 6E 1 a NA 100 U S EPA. 1984/
gavage during organo- weight Research
genesta Triangle
Institute. 1983.
U S EPA. 1990
Phenylenediamines (o-, p-) DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer see Table B) U S EPA, 1985
m-Phanylenediamine
aubchronic MA, 6 0 mg/kg/day for NA rat NA, liver lesions ND 6E-2 NA 100 NA/Rofer and
90 daya Hruby. 1982.
U S EPA, 1990
chronic NA; 6 0 mgfkg/day for NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 6E-3 6 NA 1000 NA/Hofer and
90 daya Hruby, 1982,
U.S EPA, 1990
Phenyl.mercuric acetate
aubchronic NA. 0 1 ppa mercury in NA ret NA, renal damage ND 8E-5 NA 100 NA/Fitzhugh et
diet for 2 year. at . 1950. U S
(0 0O8 mg macuric EPA, 1990
acetate/kg/day )°
chronic NA, 0 1 ppa mercury in NA rat. NA, renal damage ND 8E_ Sa NA 100 NA/Fitzhugh at
diet for 2 year. el , 1950, U S
(0.0O6 mg macuric EPA, 1990
acetate/kg/day ,oe
A-63
-------
HEALTh a’y r ASSFSSMFJITS SLB4ARY TABLE A: SUB 1C AND CW IC TIDUCITY (OTHHE THAN CAJB IPOG ICITY)
Update: Septwther, 1990
Exposur .
Compound Inhalation. Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral.
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (rng/kg/day)J
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
Phosgene
Phosphine
subchronic 1 ppn (1 4 cng/rn 3 )
34 hours/week for 24
weeks. 0.026 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 2 year.
chronic 1 p (1 4 mg/rn 3 )
34 hours/week for 24
weeks, 0 026 mg/kg/day
in the diet, for 2 years
chronic NA. 142 mg/kg/day in
diet for 2 years
Pbthalic anhydride
subchroniC NA; 12,019 pps (1562
mg/kg/day) in di.t. for
104 weeks
chronic MA; 12.019 p (1562
mg/kg/day) in diet for
104 weeks
Polybrominated biphenyla
subchronic MA, Firernaat•r IF-I
0.1 rig/kg by gavage.
5 days/week for 25 weeks
(0 07 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, Pirsmaat.r IF-I
0 1 mg/kg by gavage.
S days/week for 25 weeks
(0 07 mg/kg/day)
rat rat, renal effects, 3E-4
no effect
rat rat renal effects; 3E-5
no effect
NA rat. NA, hyperplasia of ND
bladder urothelitun
NA ret NA, hyperplasie of ND
bladder urothellum
NA mouse NA. lung and kidney ND
hi stopathology
NA mouse NA; lung and kidney HO
hiatopathology
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; elevated liver ND
weight and liver
lesions
NA rat NA, elevated liver ND
weight and liver
lesions
(also see Table B)
1 100 KI.lmer, 1969.
El S EPA, 1989/
Ilackenberg.
1972, U S. EPA,
1989
10 100 Khmer, 1969,
U S EPA, 1989/
Hackenberg,
1972, U S EPA,
1989, 1990
U S EPA, 1989
U S EPA. 1986
NA 100 NA/CuT, 1982,
Gross. 1974,
U S EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/CuT, 1982,
Gross, 1974,
U S EPA. 1986
2E+0 NA 1000 NA/MCI. 1979
U S EPA, 1990
2E+0 5 NA 1000 NA/Nd. 1979,
U S EPA, 1990
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 88
Phosphorus (inorganic compounds)
Phthalic acids (0-, re-)
p-Phthalic acid
subchronic NA. 142 mg/kg/day in
diet for 2 years
U S EPA, 1984
RISK ASSESSMENT NOT AVAILABLE
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
3E- 4
3E _45
1Ef 0
1 EfO
1E- 5 HA 1000 U S EPA, 1989/
NT?, 1983; U 5
EPA, 1989
7E-6 NA 10,000 U S EPA, 1989/
NT ?, 1983, U S
EPA, 1969
A64
-------
HEAlTH VFii s ASS TS SLH4ARY TABLE A Stmi RC IC Aim ØIRON IC T Dc1CI TY (OTH l THAI CA I 1CITY)
Update: Septi er, 1990
Compound
Potassiins cyanide
subchronic NA; 10 8 mg/kg/day
fwnigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(27 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 10 8 mg/kg/day
fianigeted cyanide in
food for 2 years
(27 mg/kg/day)
Potassiws silver cyanide
subchronic NA, 10 8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(equivalent to
potassium silver cyanide
at 82 1 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, 10 8 mg/kg/day
fwsigat.d cyanid, in
food for 2 year.
(equivalent to
pota.aium silver cyanide
at 82 7 mg/kg/day)
NA, eubchronic feeding
study; no details
provided (CBI)
NA; eubthronic fe.ding
study; no detail.
provided (CBI)
NA; 300 ppo in diet, for
2 years (7 5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 p in diet for
2 year. (7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA rat, NA. weight 1038. ND
thyroid effects, and
myelin degeneration
NA rat NA. weight loss, ND
thyroid effects, and
myelin degeneration
Reference
Inha letion/Qrat
NA/Howard end
Hanzal, 1955,
Philbrick et.
al . 1979. U S
EPA. 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hansel, 1955.
Philbrick et,
el . 1979. U S
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955.
Phiibrick at,
el , 1979. U S
EPA, 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard end
Hanzal, 1955.
Pbilbrick et
aL 1979, U S
EPA, 1990
NA HR NA/CBI,
U S EPA. 1984
NA HR NA/CM,
U S EPA, 198k
NA/Roten & Raaa,
Co.. 1970, U S
EPA, 1990
NA/RoPes & Rae3,
Co., 1970, U S
EPA, 1990
Esposure
Inhalation, Oral,
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RCC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA, weight loss,
thyroid effects, and
myeiin degeneration
NA rat, NA, weight loss.
thyroid effects, and
myelin degeneration
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
NA 500
ND
Prof lurelin
subch ron i c
chronic
Pronamide
subchronic
chronic
SE -2
5E -2
ZE_In
ZE_la.n
6E- 3
6E-3
8E-2
8E-2 5
NA rat NA, HR
NA rat NA; HR
NA dog NA, none observed
NA dog NA, none observed
ND
ND
ND
ltD
NA 100
NA 100
A-65
-------
HEALTH W’r U ASS TS SI 4ARY TABLE A: SUB MIC A D Q NIC TW(IC ITT (OTH ]t THAR CA IPO ICITy)
Updat.e: Sept er, 1990
chronic NA; 13 3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
Propaz in.
eubchronic NA, 100 ppn in the
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 100 p n in the
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
2-Propenoic acid (see Acrylic acid)
Proptonitri 1.
n-Propyl alcohol
Propylene glycol
eubchronic 170-350 5 ig/m 3 (mean
260 mg/rn ) cont.inuously
for 16 months (166 mg/
kg/day). 62 in diet, for
20 weeks (3 3/kg/day)
chronic 170-350 g/m 3 (mean’
260 mg/rn ) continuously
for 18 months (166 mg/
kg/day); 50,000 ppe in
diet for 2 years
(2 1 g/kg/day)
Propylene glycol
monoethyl ether
aubchronic NA; 30-day drinking
wat.r (680 mg/kg/day)
rat, ret, none observed, renal
lesions
rat dog none observed, decrease
in REC, hefnatocrit,
hemoglobin in dogs
100 100 Robertson
Ot .1 1947,
U S EPA, 1987/
Guerrant, at al
19 7. U S EPA,
1987
100 100 Robertaon
et, at., 1947;
U S EPA, 1987/
Gaunt .t al
1972, U S EPA,
1987
Propachior
aubchrontc NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day
in the diet for 90 days
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inha lat .,jon/Ora [
NA rat NA, decreased body ND
weight gain
NA rat NA. decreased body ND
weight gain
NA rat NA, decreased body ND
weight gain
NA rat NA, decreased body ND
weight gain
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
6E+0 (2E+0)
6E+0 (2E+0)
1 3E-1 NA 100 NA/Monsanto,
1964, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
1 3 g_ 2 a NA 1000 NA/Monsanto
1964, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
2E-2 NA 300 NA/Geigy, 1980,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 NA/Geigy, 1980,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
U S EPA, 1985
U S EPA, 1987
3E+1
ZE+ 1
NA rat NA. reduced weight gain ND
7E+0 HA 100 U.s EPA, 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 1948,
U S EPA, 1984
A-66
-------
HEALTH t,WrAT ASS TS SIH4ART TABLE A: SUBCHROPIC AWD ON1C T ( ICITT (OTH THAB CAJ IN0CEN1C1T’T)
Update: Sept.e er, 1990
Propylene glycol.
monomothyl ether
subchronic 1000 p (3685 mg/rn 3 )
6 houra/day, 5 dey./
week for 13 week.;
947 mg/kg, 5 daya/sie.k
for 35 day. (676 rag!
kg/day) by gavage
chronic 1000 p (3685 mg/rn 3 )
• hotirs/day , S day./
ws.k for 3 wseks,
ii? mgfbg S
for 35 day. (6?6 mg/
I$Jdy) by gsv s
Py i.e.
subchronlc PA, 15 Us/b$/4.y by
$sv.g. fee (3 s s
chronic PA. 75 us/ks/day by
gavags for 13 w..ka
Pyr id in.
aubchronic WA. 1 mg/kg/day by
gaveg, for 90 days
chronic NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavags for 90 day.
RDX (Cyclonit.)
.ubchrontc NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day
for 105 week.
rat mild CNS effect!, liver
and kidney histopathology
ret mild CNS effects, liver
and kidney histopat.ho logy
____________________ Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U S EPA, 1984/
Sinyth and
Carpenter. 1948,
U S EPA. 1984
100 100 Landry et el
1983, Miller -
et at , 1984,
U S EPA, 1984/
Rowe et at
1954, U S EPA
1984
1000 1000 Landry et at
1984. Miller
et .1.. 1984,
U S EPA, 1984.
1990/Rowe
at. al , 1954.
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 U S EPA, 1984/
U S EPA, 1989.
1990
HA 3000 u.s EPA, 1984/
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 100 HA/U S EPA.
1986e,b, 1990
HA 1000 NA/U S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1989/
Levine et at
1984, U S EPA,
1989, 1990
Compound
chronic
Ezpo ur.
Specie!
Effect
of Concern
Inhalation REC
Oral
RED
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation; Oral
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
HA;
30-day drinking
HA
rat
HA, reduced
weight gain
ND
7E1
water (680 mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
NA 1000
rat,
rabbit
rat.,
rabbit
PA seuss
NA mouls
NA rensi •ff.ct.
NA, r.nai .ff.cta t
7E+0 7E+0
7E-1 7E-1
ND 3E-1
ND 3E-2
ND 1E-2
ND 1E_3e
ND 3E-3
HA rat NA, increased liver
weight
NA rat NA, increased liver
weight
NA rat NA, prost.ate infl.e-
mation, hemosiderosis
A-67
-------
HEALTH u’vu.rs ASS TS SIII4ARY TABLE A: SUB MIC AND CNROPIC T(H(ICXTY ((7TH THAI CA Im)G ICjfl)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposur.
Species
Effect of Concern
Inhalation RIC
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Compound
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation Oral.
Inhalation, Oral
( mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/day)l
Inhalation
Oral.
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic
NA, 0 3 mg/kg/day
NA
rat
NA, prostate nfl.am-
ND
3E-3 5
NA
, EPA. 1989/
for 105 weeks
mation, hemosiderosla
(also see Table B)
Levine at, at
1984, U S EPA,
1989 1990
Ronnel
subchronic
NA. 5 mg/kg/day in
NA
rat
NA, liver and kidney
ND
5E-2
NA
100
NA/McCollister
the diet for 2 years
effects
et, at , 1959,
U S EPA. 1984
chronic
NA; 5 mg/kg/day in
NA
rat
NA, liver and kidney
ND
5E_2
NA
100
NA/McCollister
the diet for 2 years
effects
et, at , 1959,
U S EPA, 1984
Selenious acid
aubchronic
MA. 3 2 mg/day from
NA
human
ND, hair and nail toss,
ND
3E-3
NA
15
U S EPA, 1989/
dI.L of •.I.nhf.ro,j.
dermatitis
Yang et at
toodatutfs (0 046
1983, U S EPA,
U1k$/d.y)
1989, 1990
chroai*c
IA 3 3 .s/d.v tr
PA
h .n
MD hatr and e cU 1 .i
ND
IE-3 5
NA
15
U S EPA, 1989/
I.I of •.1s it.row.
d.r.tlLI a
Yang et el
boodstwffs
1983, U S EPA,
mg/I$/47)
1989, 1990
S.Iiour.a
ai chgomic
IA, 0 04 1 /kg/ø.y,
IA
haan
PA s.I.nos&s
ND
5E-3
NA
15
NA/Yang at. al
.aposur. to •.L.ni,
In
1983, U S. EPA,
ht.h-s.i.sii arias,
1990
canv.rt.d to 0 012
mg s.l.nour.aIkg/d.y
chronic
HA, 0 046 mg/kg/day,
NA
hwnan
NA, aelononis
ND
5E_3z
NA
15
NA/Yang et at
•xposur. to s.l.nium
high-s.l.niias arias,
in
1983, U.S EPA,
1990
convert.d to 0.012
mg selenourea/kg/day
A-68
-------
HEALTH U’y m ASS Ifl TS SIJ4ARY TABLE A: SUB 1C AND IC T( IC1TY (OTUD1 THAN CARCIPOG ICTTY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inh lation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
NA, 0 9-1 S g eilv.r
arephenamine by i.v for
2-3 years (average.
O 0031 mg/kg/day); 6 4 g
total dosage silver
nitrate in 1 year
(0 077 mg/kg/day); 6.4 8
total dosage silver
acetate over 2 5 years
(0 0048 mg/kg/day)
Average of 3 studies.
O 0052 mg/kg/day
chronic NA. 0 9-1.5 g silver
araphenamine by i.v. for
2-3 years (average.
0.0031 mg/kg/day); 6 4 g
total dosage silver
nitrate in 1 year
(0 077 mg/kg/day), 6.4 g
total doosge silver
acetate over 2 5 years
(0 0048 mg/kg/day)
Average of 3 studIes,
0.0052 mg/kg/day
Silver cyanide
subchronic
NA. io.e mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanid. in
food for 2 years
(55 7 mg silver
cyanide/kg/day)
2 NA/Gaul and
Staud. 1935.
Blumberg and
Carey. 1934.
East at al
1980, U S EPA.
1990
2 NA/Gaul and
Staud, 1935.
Blumberg and
Corey. 1934,
East at al
1980. U S EPA.
1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzsl, 1955.
Philbrick at
al . 1979. U S
EPA. 1990
chronic NA. 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide in
food for 2 years
(55.7 mg silver
cyanide/kg/day)
NA rat NA. weight loss.
thyroid affects and
myelin degeneration
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955.
Philbrtck at
at . 1919, U S
EPA. 1990
NA rat NA. decreased weight ND
gain. hematological
effects
Silver
subchronic
NA
human
NA. argyria
ND
3E-3
NA
NA
human
NA, argyria’
ND
3f_3a
NA
NA
rat
NA, weight loss,
thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration
ND
1E-1
Simazine
subchronic NA; 0.32 mg/kg/day in
in the diet for 2 years
ND 1E 1a.n
2E3 NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp , 1988,
U S EPA, 1984.
1990
A-69
-------
REALTU yru ..-r ASS 4 rTS SWqIARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND Cfl1 JC T (ICITy (OTfl t ThAN CA INOGEXICI1’T)
Update: Sept er, 1990
chronic NA. 0 52 m fkg/day in
in the diet for 2 year.
NA, 10.8 mg CN/kg/dey
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20 4 iiig/kg/day)
chronic NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/dey
from diet, containing
liCK (equivalent to
NeCK at 20 4 mg/kg/day)
Sodium diethyldlthio-
carbamate
aubchrontc NA, 30 mg/kg/day for
90 day.
chronic NA, 30 mg/kg/day for
90 day.
Sodium metevanedat.
subchronic NA; 10 pps sodiom
metevanedat. in drink-
ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodiom mete-
vanadat.fkg/day)
chronic NA; 10 ppn eodit
m.tav.nadat. in drink-
ing wat•r for 3 month.
(1 32 mg .odiom mete-
vanadete/kg/day)
NA rat. NA, decreesed body
weight gain, renal
and hemototogicel
effects
NA rat. NA. cataracts end
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer see
Table B)
NA rat NA; impaired kidney
function
NA rat NA, Impaired kidney
function
NA 100 U S EPA, 1988/
Sunderman
et al . 1967;
U S EPA, 1988
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1988/
Sunderman
at al , 1967,
U S EPA, 1988
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Domingo
et al , 1985,
U S EPA, 1987
Stirophos (see Tetrachlorvinphos)
Sodium cyanide
subchron i C
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation RfC
1mg/ r n 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA ret. NA; decreased weight
gain, hematologLcal
effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, CNS
NA rat NA, CNS
NA 300 NA/Ciba-Geigy
Corp , 1988,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 500 U S EPA, 1984/
Howard end
Hanzel, 1955,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 500 U S EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzel., 1955,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
ND 2E_3a
ND 4E 2n
ND 4E-2 5
ND 3E-1
ND 3E-2
ND 1E-2
ND 1E-3
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Domingo
at. al. 1985;
U S EPA, 1987
A- 70
-------
HEALTU D’VVATi ASS !TS S 11 4ARY TABLE A: SU CH 1NIC MID 1C 1 IC1TT (OTEPiL TRAM CA IN0G ICITY)
Updete: 5opt er, 1990
NA; 2.5 mg/kg by
Bavage for 28 day.
NA; 2.5 mg/kg by
8evage for 28 day.
NA, 200 mg/kg/day by
gevaga for 19 months
NA, 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
0 066-0 098 mA/rn 3
occupational, NA
0 066-0 098 mg/rn 3
occupational.. NA
NA; 200 p in th. diet
for 99 days (11—24
mg/kg/day)
NA; 200 ppe in the diet
for 99 days (11—24
mg/k8/dey)
NA. 0.01 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 6 months
NA, 0 01 mg/kg/day in
th. diet for 6 months
______ Reference
Inhalation/Oral.
NAfSeidl. end
Zbinden, 1982,
U S EPA, 1990
NA/Seidi and
Zbinden, 1982.
U S EPA. 1990
NA 100 U S EPA. 1989/
Quest at. al
1979, U S EPA.
1984, 1989, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA. 1989/
Quest at al..
1979, U S EPA,
1984, 1989, 1990
U S. EPA, 1987
NA HA Carson et at
1981. U S. EPA.
1984 /NA
NA NA Carson et .1.
1981, U S. EPA
1984/NA
NA 100 NA/Gaines
et. a). , 1967,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 1000 NA/Gaines
at at . 1967,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1984
NA 100 NA/U S EPA,
1984
Exposur. Species
Inhalation; Oral. Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation R!C
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RIO
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
NA 1000
NA 10000
Compound
Strychnine
subchronic
chronic
Styrene
subchronic
chronic
Succ inoni tr i La
SulfurIc acid
subchront c
chronic
Temephos
subchronic
chronic
Terbufos
subchronic
chronic
NA
rat.
NA, toxicity
ND
38-3
hi stopathology
NA
ret
NA, toxicity
hi stopathology
ND
38 _ 4 a
NA
dog
NA, red blood cell
and liver effects
ND
2E+0
NA
dog
NA. red blood ceLl
and liver effects
(also see Table B)
ND 8
2E_1Z
DATA INADEQUATE FOR
QUANTITATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENT
human
NA
respiratory, NA
HDV
ND
human
NA
respiratory, NA
HDV
ND
NA
rat
NA, no effect
ND
2E-1
NA
ret
NA, no effect
ND
2E-2
NA
dog
NA, no effect
ND
1E-4
NA
dog
NA, no effect
ND
A- 71
-------
NEALTR r1’VP1T ASES l ITS SIRWRT TABLE A: SUBC9 )IIIC AND an IC Tt 1CITf ((7TU l THAN CA IWJGF ICIry)
Update: Sapt er, 1990
Terephthalic acid
Tetrechloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB)
1,2,4. 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
subchronic NA; 50 p xs in diet for
13 weeks (converted to
o 34 mg/kg/day by
authors)
chronic NA; 50 pj in diet for
13 weeks (converted to
o 34 lng/kg/day by
authors)
Tetrachiorocyc lopentadiene
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchtoroethylene)
aubchronic NA; 20 mg/kg S days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA, hepatotoxicity ND
(Cancer see Table 8)
Reference
Inhalat ,jon/Ora l
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1985
NA 100 NA/Chu et at
1984, U S EPA,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Chu et. at
1984, U S EPA,
1990
U S. EPA, 1988
NA 100 U S. EPA, 1988/
Buban and
0’ Flahorty,
1985, U S EPA,
1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1988/
Buben and
O’Flaherty,
1985, U S EPA,
1990
U S EPA, 1985
NA 100 U S. EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 1000 U.s. EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1986,
1990
U S. EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1983
—
Exposure
Species
Compound Inhalation;
Oral
Inhalation
Oral
Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation R!C Oral. RED
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA, kidney lesions ND 3E-3
NA rat NA, kidney lesions ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 1
NA mouse NA, hepatotoxtcity ND
Tet,rachlorohydrazob.nzene (TCHB)
2,3,4, 6-Tetrach lorophenol
aubchroaic NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 day.
Tetrachiorophenol, 2,3,4,5-,
2,3,5,6-
I • 1,2, 3-Tetrach loropropene
1-1
1E_2a
3E-1
3E_2a
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA, increased liver ND
weights end centri—
lobular hypertropby
MA rat, HA, increased liver N i)
weights end centri-
lobular hypertrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A- 72
-------
REAUB fl Y TS ASS ITZ SIIiARY TABLE A: SUB UIC ABD NIC T( ICITY (OTR i THAJ CA I)G ICITT)
Update: Sapt er 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Or.1
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RFC
leg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral R!D
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
InhaLation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/OraL
Tetr ach lorvlnphos
(Stirofos)
5ubchronic NA, 125 ppo in th. NA dog NA. increased liver and ND 3E-2 NA 100 NA/Shell Chem
diet for 2 years kidney weights, reduced Co . 1968. U S
(3 1 mg/kg/day) body weight gain EPA. 1984. 1990
chronic NA, 125 ppn in the NA dog NA, increased liver and liD NA 100 NA/Shell ChelO
diet for 2 yeara kidney weights, reduced Co • 1958. U S
(3 1 mg/kg/day) body weight gain EPA. 1984. 1990
(Cancer see Table B)
Tetreethyl dithiopyrophosphate
subchronic NA. 10 p in diet NA rat NA. depressed RBC and l ID SE-a NA 100 NA/Kimnerle eAd
for 3 months (0 5 plasma cholinesterase Kllnaner, 1974,
mg/kg/day) activity U S EPA. 1990
chronic NA; 10 ppn in diet NA rat NA. depressed RBC and 5E_4a NA 1000 NA/Kininerle and
for 3 months (0 5 plasma cholinesterase Kllnisec, 1974.
mg/kg/day) activity U S EPA. 1990
Tetreethyl lead
aubchronic NA. 1 7 pg/kg/day in NA rat NA. histopathology of ND 1E7 NA 10.000 NA/Sctiepers.
peanut oil by gavage liver and thymus 1964, U S EPA.
for 20 weeka S daya/ 1990
week (1 2 Mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 1.7 Mg/kg/day in NA rat NA. hiatopathology of ND NA 10,000 NA/Schepers.
peanut oil by gavag. liver and thymus 1964. U S. EPA,
for 20 weeks• 5 daya/ 1990
week (1 2 pg/kg/day)
Thallic oxide
(Thallium(III) oxide)
subchronic NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat NA; increased SGOT and ND 7E-4 NA 300 U S EPA. 1988/
day (from thallium serum LDH levela, HRI. 1986,
sulfate) for 90 days elopecia U S EPA. 1986
chronic NA; 0 02 eg thallium/kg/ NA rat NA; increased SGOT and ND 7E-5 NA 3000 U S EPA. 1988/
day (from thallium serum LDH levels, 1191. 1986,
iulfate) for 90 days elopecia U S EPA, 1986
Thallium (in soluble aalta)
subchronic NA; 0.20 eg thellium/kg/ NA rat NA; increased SOOT and ND 7E-4 NA 300 U S EPA, 1988/
day (from thallium serum LDH levels. 1191, 1986.
sulfate) for 90 days alopecia U S EPA. 1986
A- 3
-------
HEALTU ASS ITS S1 I4ARY TABLE A: SUB( RONIC AM)) ( )8)II IC T(C(ICITY (OT
Update: Sep1. er , 1990
TRAM CAJ 1 OG IC ITT)
Exposur.
Compound InhaLation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern Inhalation RfC
Inhalation, Oral (mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)I
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 0 20 m thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA rat
HA, increased SCOT and ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
1E-5
NA
3000
U S EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986
Thallium(I) acetate
subchronic NA, 0 20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
aulfet.) for 90 day.
NA rat
HA. increased SOOT end ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
9E-4
NA
300
U S EPA, 1988/
i vu, 1986,
u S EPA, 1986,
1990
chronic NA; 0.20 mg thallitmi/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 80 days
HA rat
NA; increased 5001’ and ND
eer un LDH levels,
elopecia
gE_Se
NA
3000
U S EPA, 1988/
I, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986,
1990
Thallitnn(I) carbonate
subchronic HA; 0 20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thalLium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA rat
NA, increased SCOT and ND
serum LDH levels,
elopecia
8E-4
NA
300
U S EPA, 1988/
1 ’VlI, 1986;
U S. EPA. 1986,
1990
chronic NA, 0 20 ag thalliwn/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA rat
NA, increased SCOT and ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecla
8E S8
HA
3000
U S. EPA, 1988/
I. 1986,
u s EPA, 1986,
1990
ThallIum(I) chloride
aubchronic NA, 0 20 mg thalliuni/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfat.) for 90 daye
NA rat
NA, increased SCOT and ND
serum LOU levels,
alopecia
8E-4
NA
300
U S EPA, 1988/
IOU, 1986,
U S. EPA, 1986,
1990
chronic NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA rat
NA; increased SOOT and ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecie
6E_Sa
NA
3000
U S EPA, 1988/
MIll, 1986,
u s. EPA, 1986,
1990
Thallium(I) nit,rat,.
subchronic NA; 0.20 u thallium/kg/ BA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 day.
NA; increased SCOT end ND
serum LOU levels,
alopecia
9 5- ,,
NA
300
U 6, EPA, 1988/
I 6(I, 1986,
U.S EPA, 1986,
1990
chronic NA; 0.20 mg thalltum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 daya
NA. increased SOOT and ND
serum LDH levels,
alopecia
9E_5a
NA
3000
U S. EPA, 1988/
IOU, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986,
1990
A- 7
-------
UEALTH ‘T Ii ASS TS SIP 4ARY TABLE A: SUBCWB)NIC AMD 1C TW(ICITY (OTR TRAM CA 1*)G ICITY)
Update- Sept er, 1990
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Thallium selonite (T1 2 S .)
subchronjc NA; 0 20 mg thsllium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 day.
chronic NA. 0 20 mg thall .ium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 day.
Thallttmi(I) sulfate
subchronic NA; 0 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA. 0 25 rng/k8/day for
90 days
2- (Thtocyanomethylthio)-
benzothiazot. (TQITB)
subchronlc NA, 333 p in the diet
diet, subchronic (25 mg/
kB/day)
chronic NA; 333 p in the diet
diet, subchronic (25 mgI
kg/day)
Thiofanox
subchronic NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day
for 8 days
chronic NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day
for 8 day.
Thi ram
aubchronic NA; 0 61 mg/kg/day
for 2 week.
NA, cholinesterase
inhibit ion
NA, cholinesterase
mb ibi t ion
NA; impaired
reproduction
NA/U S EPA,
1984
NA/U S. EPA,
1984
U S EPA. 1989/
U S. EPA, 1989
U S. EPA, 1989/
U S EPA, 1989
U S. EPA, 1989/
Hornahaw et at
1987; U S EPA,
1989, 1990
Specie. Effect of
Concern
Inhalation RIC
Oral RED
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
NA rat NA, increased SCOT and
serum LOU levels,
a loper i a
NA rat NA, increased SCOT and
serum LOU levels,
alopecia
NA ret NA, increased SCOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopeci a
HA rat NA. increased SCOT and
serum LDH levels,
alopec I a
NA ret, NA, stomach lesions
NA rat NA, stomach lesion.
Factor -- - Reference
Oral Inhalation/OraL
NA 300 U S EPA, 1988/
l’ I. 1986,
U S EPA. 1986,
1990
NA 3000 U_S EPA, 1988/
ffiI. 1986.
U S EPA, 1986,
1990
NA 300 U S EPA, 1988/
MRI, 1986,
U S EPA. 1986,
1990
NA 3000 U S EPA, 1988/
I, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986.
1990
ND gE- i ,
ND 9E -5 5
ND 8E-4
ND 8E-5 5
ND 3E-1
ND 3E-2
ND 3E-4
ND 3E-4 8
ND 6E-3
NA dog
NA dog
NA ferret
NA 100
NA 1000
NA 100
NA 100
HA 100
A-iS
-------
HEALTh mni ASS TS SIJIIARY TABLE A: SUB IC AND MIc TWCICITT (OTH THAN CA IN0G IICITy)
IJpdate: Sept. er, 1990
chronic NA. 0 61 mg/kg/day
for 2 1, weeks
Tin and Compounds
subchronic NA; 2000 ppa stannoue
chloride in diet, for 2
years (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
chronic NA, 2000 p atannous
chiorid. in dial, for 2
yeara (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
40 ppa fo 6 hours
(151 mg/rn’), 332 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(223 mg/kg/day
chronic 40 p i fo 6 hours
(151 mg/ma), 312 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(223 mg/kg/day)
Toluenediamin. (2,3-, 3,4-)
Toluene-2, Sdiamin.
subchronic NA, 2000 p of the
sulfate salt in the
diet, for 78 weeks
(56 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 2000 ppa of the
sulfate ealt, in the
diet for 78 weeks
(56 mg/kg/day)
Toluene-2,6-diamine
aubchrontc NA, 500 p of Lb.
dihydrochloride in the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA rat, NA, liver and kidney ND
lea ions
NA rat NA, liver and kidney ND
lesions
h mian rat CNS effects, eyes 2E+0
and nose irritation;
changea in liver and
kidney weights
hwnan ret. CNS effects, ayes 2E’0
and nose irritation,
changes in liv 1 r and
kidney weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
6E-3 6 NA 100 U S. EPA, 1989/
Hornahaw at al
1987, U S EPA,
1989, 1990
6E-l NA 100 U S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1962,
U S EPA, 1987
6E-1 NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1982,
U S EPA, 1987
100 100 Andersen at at
1983, CIII.
1980, U S EPA,
1990/NTP, 1989,
U S EPA 1990
100 1000 Andersen at at
1983; CuT,
1980, U S. EPA,
1990/NTP 1989,
U S EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990
U.S EPA, 1984
6E-1 NA 100 NA/NC!, 1918,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/NC!, 1978,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 100 NA/NC!, 1980,
U.S EPA, 1984
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
REC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhaletion/Orat
NA ferret NA; impaired ND
reproduction
To luene
subchroni C
2E -0
2E- 1 a
NA rat NA, no effect ND
NA rat, NA, no effect ND
NA rat NA; no effect ND
6K-i
2E- 1
A- 76
-------
BEALTII Th ASSES TS SIPIIARY TABLE A: S1JB NIC AND IC T ICITT (OTli THAN CA IN ENICITY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
(mg/cs 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
chronic NA, 500 p sn of th.
dihydrochioride in the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA 100 NA/NC!. 1980,
U.S EPA. 1984
m-Toluidine
Triallat.e
eubchronic NA; 1 3 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 24 months
1 • 2.4 -Tribr obenzene
subchronic NA, S mg/kg/day in the
d&.t for 45 or 00 days
chr Ic 9* 5 /kg/day to
di.t. log 4 or 90 4.y.
Tr&br .than. Is.. 5g tog.)
1,2, 4-Trich iorob.ni.n.
subchro Lc 3 p (22 .ts/. ) 6
hours/day, S days/
week for 3 months
(2 5 mg/4/day) ,
22 3 mg/m” 6 hours/
day. 5 days/week
for 3 months
chronic 3 ppn (22 mg/rn 3 ) 6
hours/day, 5 days!
week for 3 months
(2 5 mg/kg/day);
22 3 mg/rn” 6 hours/
day, 5 days/week
for 3 months
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U S EPA, 1984
1 3E-2 NA 100 NA/Monsanto Co
1979, U S EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/Monsanto Co
1979, U S EPA,
1990
NA 100 NA/CarLson and
Tardiff, 1977,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 1000 NA/Carlson and
Terdiff, 1977,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990
100 100 Watanabe et al
1978, U S EPA,
1987/Watanabe
at al , 1978,
U S EPA,
1987a, b
1000 Wetanabe et. al
1978; U S EPA,
1987/Watanabo
at al , 1978;
US EPA,
198?a,b
Tr ichiorocyclopentadi ens
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT’
U S EPA, 1988
NA rat NA, no effect ND
chronic NA, 1 3 mg/kg/day in
the diet for 24 months
2E- 1
NA dog NA. spleen and liver ND
NA do8 NA, spleen arid liver
NA rat NA, liver weight and ND
enzyme induction
IA ret. MA, iiv.r .stght and
isy . induction
rat, rat increased uroporphyrin,
porphyria’
rat rat increased uroporphyrin,
porphyria 1
ND I 3E-2° .
SE- 2
ND 5E-3 5
9E-2 (3E-2) 1 31E-2
9E-3 (3E-3) 1 31E—3
1000
A- 77
-------
HEALTH ‘-r ASSES ITS SUWRT TABLE A: SUBC NTC A ) Of IC T( 1C1TY (0T ThAn CA I IcI ’ry)
Update: Sept er, 1990
1.1. 1-Trichloroethane
subchronic 500 p (2730 mg/in 3 )
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 6 month!
(304 rngfkg/day , 500
p (2730 mg/rn ) 7
hours/day for months
(90 mg/kg/day)
chronic 500 ppn (2730 mg/rn 3 )
7 hours/day, S days/
week for 6 months
(304 rng/kg/day , 500
p (2730 mg/rn ) 7
hours/day for months
(90 mg/kg/day)
I I 2-Trtchlo,o.ihan.
IUbChrOinIG PA ) 9 .s/ a/d.v by
drI Img ..t.i (a, 90
6.,.
Chion iC PA, I • /bg/4.y by
driràim. weld los 90
day.
5600 mg/rn 3 contin-
uou ly for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1000 mg/kg/day, 5
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 mg/kg/day)
chronic 5600 rngl’rn 3 contin-
uou .ly for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day),
488 mg/kg/day, 5
days/week for 66 weeks
(348 6 mg/kg/day)
guinea guinea hepatotoxicity,
pig pig hepatotoxicity
guinea guinea hepatotoxicity,
pig pig hepatotoxicity 1
PA ua. PA, clinical chi.try
•iti, el lon.
(Cancer a.. Table 8)
dog rat elevated RUN, lung
lesions, mortality
100 100 Torkalson
et al , 1958.
U S EPA, 1984/
Torkelsom,
at al , 1958,
U S EPA, 1990
1000 Torkelson
at el., 1958,
U S EPA, 1984/
Torkelson
et al , 1958,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984/
White et at
1985, Sanders
at, al , 1985,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984/
White et, al
1985, Sanders
at al , 1985,
U S. EPA, 1990
1000 Jenkins et. at
1970, Ii S EPA,
1987/Nc!, 1976,
U S EPA, 1987
1000 Jenkins et at
1970, U S EPA,
1987/Ncr, 1978,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
Exposure
Compound Inbetation; Oral,
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)
Oral R(D
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation /Orat
PA mouse NA, clinical chemistry
alteration.
1000
Trichtorofluor .th.n.
(F—li)
aubchronic
18+1 (3E+0) 5
1E+0 (3E 1) .s 9 E_Zb.z
ND 48-2
I IDA 4E-3
7E+0 (28+0) 7E-1
7E-1 (2E-1) 3E_ la
dog rat, elevated BUN, lung
lesions, mortality
1000
10, 000
A-78
-------
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
2,4 • 4 ‘Trichloro-
2’ -hydrorydiphenyl ether
aubchronic NA, 500 mg/kg, 6 days/
week for 4 weeks (429
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA, NA
Trichioromethane (a.. Chloroform)
Trichlorophonol, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-,
2,3,6-, and 3,4,5-
2,4, 5-Trichloroph.nol
subchtonic NA, 1000 p of diet
for 98 days (100 mgI
kg/day)
chronic NA; 1000 ppo of diet.
for 98 days (100 mg/
kg/day)
2, 4,6-Trichloropheno l - aoø Table B
2,4, 5-Trich loro-
phenoxyac.tic acid
aubchronic NA; 10 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic NA; 3 mg/kg/day
3-g .nsration etudy
2(2,4, S-Tricblorophenoxy)
propionic acid (Silvex)
subchronic NA, 30 p in dj.j
for 2 years (0 75
mg/kg/day)
Spec lee
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA NA
DATA
NA ret
ND, ND ND
ND, ND ND
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA, hepatotoxicity, ND
kidney effects
NA rat NA, hepatotoxicit.y, ND
kidney effects
NA rat NA, liver and kidney
weights
NA rat NA, decreased survival
NA dog NA, histopathological ND
changes in liver
____________________ Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U S EPA. 1987/
Lyman and
Furis, 1969,
U S EPA, 1987
NA NA U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1987 -
U S EPA. 1987
NA 100 U S EPA, 1984,
1987/McCol liater
at al. , 1961,
U S EPA, 1984,
1987
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1984,
1987/McCol llst ,ei-
at al., 1961.
U S. EPA, 1984,
1987, 1990
U S EPA, 1989/
Gehring and
Betso, 1978,
U S EPA, 1989
U S. EPA, 1989/
Kociba at at
1979, U S. EPA.
1989, 1990
NA 100 NA/ ) jlliaon,
1966, Gehring
and 8et o , 1978,
U S EPA, 1990
BEALTU rrur ASS TS SIJe4fi.RT TABLE A: SUBCH1 )N IC MD NlC TW(IC ItY (OTHER THAN CA IMDGENICjTy)
Update: Sept er , 1990
___________________ Effect of Concerr
Inhalation, Oral
,__, Inhalation RIC Oral RID Uncertainty Factor —
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J (mg/kg/day) Inhalation Oral
4EtO
ND
IE+0
1E- 1 a
1E-1
1 E- 2 a
8E -3
ND
ND
NA 100
NA 300
A- 79
-------
HEALTH EFF ’TS ASSES TS StH4ARY TABLE A: SUBCHI )IIIC AND N1C Tt 1CITY (OTH THAN CA 1NOGENICITy)
Update: Sept er, 1990
chronic NA, 30 pps in diet
for 2 years (0.75
mg/kg/day)
Trichloropropano, 1,1,1— and 1,1,2—
1, 1, 2-Trichioropropane
euhchronic NA, 100 xsg/t in drinking
water (or 13 weeks
(15 mgfkg/day)
chronic NA; 100 mg/t in drinking
water for 13 weeks
(15 ag/kg/day)
1,2, 3-Trich loropropane
aubchronic NA, 8 cng/kg S days/week
for 120 days (5 7
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA. 8 mg/kg 5 daya/w.sk
for 120 days (5 7
mg/kg/day)
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropene
aubchronic 3 p (18 ing/m 3 ),
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 66 weeks, NA
chronic 3 p (18 mg/rn 3 ),
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 66 weeks, NA
2.3 • 6-Trich lorotoluene
subchronic NA; 0.5 pps in diet
(0 05 mg/kg/day) for
28 days
chronic NA; NA
NA rat histopathological
lesions in liver,
kidney and thyroid
NA rat histopathological
lesions in liver,
kidney and thyroid
NA rat NA, transient, clinical
signs, liver and kidney
lesions, decrease in RBC,
henatocrit and hemoglobin
NA rat NA, transient clinical
Signs liver and kidney
lesions, decrease in R.BC,
hematocrit end hemoglobin
dog NA eye irritation, NA
NA rat NA; liver kidney, ND
thyroid lesions
—
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Piulliaon,
1866, Gehring
and Betso, 1978,
U S. EPA. 1990
U S EPA. 1987
NA 300 U S. EPA, 1987/
Vi Ilanouve
at a], , 1885,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 3000 U S EPA, 1987/
Vi lianeuve
et al , 1985,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 U S. EPA, 1987/
NT?, 1983,
U S EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1981/
NTP, 1883;
U S EPA, 1987
1990
NA 100 NA/HcKenxia
et al , 1978,
U S EPA, 1983
NA 100 NA/I’lcKenna
at al , 1978,
U S EPA, 1983
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1987/
Chu et al
1984, U S EPA,
1987
NA NA U S EPA, 1981/
U S EPA, 1987
Exposure Species
Compound Inhslation; Oral Inhalation Oral
___________________ Effect of Concerr
Inhalation; Oral
NA dog NA, histopatholo ica1
changes in liver
Inhalation RfC
(ag/ci? (mg/kg/day))
ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESS1€NT
Uncertai y
Inhalation Oral
NA 100
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
8E_3a
5E-2
SE -3 a
6E-2
6E_3a
5E 3b
SE_3b
SE-S
ND
dog NA eye irritation, NA ND
NA NA NA, NA ND
A-80
-------
HEALTH sYYWIT ASS ITs S 1 iARY TABLE A: SUB H1C AJD IC T( 1CITY (OTUHE THAH CAJ I IC1TY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
Exposur.
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral.
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/dsy)J
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhelation/Oral
a • 2 • 6-Trichlorotoluene
subchronic NA, 0 5 in di.t
(0.05 mg/kg/day) for
28 days
chronic NA, MA
1, 1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-
tn fluoroethano
subchronic 10,000 p (76,638 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 24 months; 10,000 ppn
(76,638 mg/rn ) 6 hours/
day, 5 days/week for 24
months (343 mg/k5/day
absorbed dose)
chronic 10,000 p (78,638 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. S days/week
for 24 monthq. 10.000 ppn
(76,638 mg/rn’) 6 houra/
day, 5 daya/w.ek for 24
months (343 mg/kg/day
absorbed dose)
NA, 30 p in the diet
for 12 months (0.75
mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 30 ppe in the diet
for 12 months (0 75
mg/kg/day)
Trimothylbanz.nea
1,3, 5-Trinitrob.nz.n.
subchronic NA; 3 p 1,3-dinitro-
b.nz.ne in drinking wat.r
for 16 w.eka (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to 0 51
mg/kg/day 1,3,5-trinitro-
bensene)
NA rat NA, liver, kidney, ND
thyroid lesions
rat rat, decreased body weight,
decreased body wei8ht
ret, ret decreased body weight,
decreased body weight
NA dog NA, increesed liver ND
weight, methemo-
globinemia
NA dog NA; increased liver ND
weight, methemo-
globinemia (Cancer
see Table B)
NA 1000 U S. EPA, 1987/
Chu et al
1984, U S EPA,
1987
NA NA U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1987
100 100 Trachirnowicz
at. al 1988,
U S EPA, 1990/
Trachimowicz
at al. , 1988,
U S EPA, 1990
100 100 Trachimowic
et. aL., 1988,
U S EPA, 1990/
Trachimowicz
at. el , 1988,
U S EPA, 1990
NA 100 NA/Hoechst,
1984, U S EPA,
1986, 1990
NA 100 NA/Hoechst,
1986, U.S EPA,
1984, 1990
U S. EPA, 1987
MA 1000 U S EPA, 1989/
Cody et al
1981, U S. EPA,
1989, 1990
MA NA NA, NA
Tn fluralin
subchronic
SE-S
ND ND
ZJEt O 3E+ Ob
27E+0 3E+Ob, 5
7 SE-3
7 5E-3 5
SE- 4
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSES IENT
NA rat NA, increased spleen ND
weight
A-81
-------
H p .j ASS TS SLR4AMY TABLE A: Stffi NIC A D CW )N IC Tt IC ITT (C7TH t TEAR CA I JG 1cITy)
Update: Sept er, 1990
chronic NA, 3 pp 1,3”dinit ,ro-
benzene in drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to 0 51
ing/kg/day 1 • 3 • 5-trinitro—
benxene)
Trinitrophenols
2 • 4 • 6-Trinitrotoluene
subchronic NA; 0 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 26 weeks
chronic NA, 0 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 26 weeks
NA; S p vanadhan
from vanadyl sulfate
in drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
chronic NA; 5 p xs vanadi
from vanadyl. sulfate
in drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
Vanadt xn pentoxide
subchronic NA; 10 p vanaditsa
in diet from vanadi
pentoxid. for lifetime
(0 9 mg vanadit pent-
oxide/kg/day)
NA dog NA, Liver effects ND
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA, none observed ND
NA rat NA, none observed ND
NA 10,000 U S. EPA, 1989/
Cody at at
1981. U S EPA,
1989, 1990
Ii S. EPA, 1984
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1990sf
U S DOD, 1983,
U S. EPA,
1990a,b
NA 1000 U S EPA, 1990a/
U S DOD, 1983,
U S. EPA,
1990a , b
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et at., 1970,
U S EPA, 1987
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at al., 1970,
U.S EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.s EPA, 1987/
Stok inger
et at , 1953,
U S. EPA, 1987
chronic NA; 10 p vanedh
in diet from vanadit i
psnt.oxid. for lifetime
(0.9 mg vansdi pent
oxide/kg/day)
NA rat NA, none observed
ND
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Stoking.r
et al , 1953;
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral.
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RIC
(mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)J
Oral RfD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Inhalation
OraL
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA rat NA, increased spleen ND
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA, liver effects ND
Vanadhas
subchronic
SE- 4
SE-4 1
7E-3
7E -3
9E- 3
MA rat NA, none observed ND
-82
-------
RZALT9 DTY ASSES TS S JW.RT TABLE A: SUB IC ABD IC T ( ICITT (OTH TEAR CA IM)G lCITT)
Update: Sept. er , 1990
NA; S p vanadiixs from
vanadyl aulfate in
drinking water for life-
time (2 24 nig vanadyl.
sulfate/kg/day)
chronic NA; S p vanadii from
vanadyl sulfate in
drinking water for life-
tine (2.24 nig vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
NA, 20 ppn in the diet
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
chronic NA. 20 ppn in the diet.
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
SO p (176 tr Ig/rn 3 )
6 hours/day, S days/week
for 13 weeks (HEC— 5 a /in 3 ’
1000 ppn in the drinking
water for 2 yeera (100
mg/kg/day)
chronic 50 p (176 mg/rn 3 )
6 hours/day. S days/week
for 13 weeks (MW—S ng/rn 3
1000 ppe in the drinking
water for 2 yeara (100
mg/kg/day)
mouse rat nasal lesions, no effect 2E-1
on body and kidney weight
mouse rat, nasaL lesions; no effect 2E1
on body and kidney weight
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
at. al. , 1970,
U S EPA. 1987
NA 100 NA/Stauffor
Chem Co . 1983.
U S EPA. 1983.
1990
NA 1000 NA/Stauffer
Chem Co , 1983.
U S EPA, 1983.
1990
30 100 en, 1988;
Dreef -Vender
ileulen, 1988,
Beams, 1988,
U S EPA. 1990/
Shaw, 1988,
U S EPA. 1989
30 100 en, 1988,
Dreaf-Vander
Maulen, 1988,
Seems, 1988,
U.S EPA, 1990/
Shaw, 1988,
U.S EPA, 1989
U S EPA. 1983
Vanadyt sulfate
eubchronic
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
InhaLation RfC
(mg/ni 3 (mg/kg/day)j
Oral RiD
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Vernolate
(Ve rnam)
eubchrontc
NA rat NA, none observed ND
NA rat NA, none observed ND
NA rat NA, decreased body weight ND
NA rat. NA, dec’reased body weight ND
NA 100 U S EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et at . 1970,
U S EPA, 1987
Vinyl acetate
subctironic
2E-2
2E- 2
1E-2
1E_3a
1E+0
1 EtO
4Vinyl 1-cycloh.x.n.
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSES IENT
A- 83
-------
REALTH m’riU ASSES TS SI8I4ARY TABLE A: SUD NIC AJD IC T IC IT T (UTH TUM CA I 0GEX1CITY)
Update: Sept er, 1990
4750 ing/rn 3 , 8 hour./
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/
day)W; 500 mg/kg mixed
rylenes S days/week for
103 weeks (357 mg mixed
xy lenea/kg/day)
chronic 4750 mg/rn 3 , 8 hours/
day. 7 daye/w.ek for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)W;
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xy ienea/k g/day)
150 mg/rn 3 cOntinuous
on days 7-it, of gesta-
tion (95 6 mg/kg/day),
500 mg/kg mixed zytenea
S days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xytenea/kg/day)
chronic 4750 mg/rn 3 , 8 hours/
day, 7 dsy /w.ek for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/day);
250 mg/kg mixed rylene.
5 dais/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xytenea/ke/day)
20 p 7 5 houra/da
for 5 days (27 mg/ma);
NA
chronic 20 p 7.5 hours/da 3
for 5 days (27 mg/rn );
NA
ret rat. hepatomegely; hyper-
activity. decreased body
weight, increased mortality
at. higher dosage
rat rat hepatomegaly, hyper-
activity, decreased body
weight, increased mortality
at, higher dosage
h snan NA CNS effects, nose and 3E-i
throat irritation, NA
ht an NA CNS effects, nose and 3E-1
throat irritation, NA
100 NA Bake et at
1981.
U S. EPA, 1989/
U S. EPA, 1989
100 NA U S EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
m-Xylene
subchronjc
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation RfC
tmg/m 3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral R(D
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inha latjon/Oraj
rat rat hepatomegaly, none
observed
o-Xylene
subchronic
rat rat fetotoxicity, none
observed
p-Xylene
subchronic
4E+0 (IEfO) 4E+0
7E-1 (ZE-)) ZE+0
3E+0 (IE+O)bb t,E+0
7E-1 (2E-1) 2E+0
ND
1000 100 Tetrat at at
1981, U S EPA,
1989/NIP, 1986
5000 100 Tatraj et at.
1981, U.S EPA,
1989/NIP, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986
100 100 Ungvary et at
1980, U S EPA,
1989/NTp, 1986
5000 100 tatraj at at
1981, U S. EPA,
1989/NIp, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986
a, 6 ’
-------
HEALTH I’WUTS ASS ITS SIII4ARY TAELE A: S1J8 NIC AND IC T(DCICITY (OTH THAN CA I ICITT)
Update: Sept. er , 1990
20 ppo 7.5 houre/de 3
for 5 day. (27 mg/rn );
500 mg/kg mixed xylene .
5 day .fweek by gavaga
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed rylene ./kg/day)
chronic 20 ppo 7.5 houra/da
for 5 day. (27 mg/ma),
250 mg/kg rnix.d
xylene, 5 day./week for
103 week. (179 mg mixed
zylene ./kg/day)
Zinc
eubchronic
NA; 10.0 mg/kg/day
ftmdgat.d cyanid. in
food for 2 year.
(67 5 mg zinc
cyanide/kg/day)
chronic NA; 10 8 mg/kg/day
fisnigetod cyentd. in
food for 2 years
(67.5 mg zinc
cyanide/kg/day)
hL.nan rat CNS effects, nose and
throat irritation, none
observed
h an rat CNS effect., noae and
throat irritation, hyper-
activity, decreased body
weight and increased
mortality at higher dosage 1
NA human HA, anemia
NA rat NA, weight to.., thyroid
effect, and myolin
degeneration
NA rat NA; weight baa, thyroid
effects and niyelin
degeneration
100 100 Hake at .1
1981,
Litton Blo-
netics, 1978,
U S EPA. 1989/
NTP, 1986,
U S EPA,
1990
100 100 Hake et al
1981,
Carpenter et al
1975, U S EPA.
1989/NTP, 1986.
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
NA 10 U S EPA, 1984/
Porie. at
a]. , 1967;
Prasad at a]..
1975, U S. EPA.
1984
NA 10 U S. EPA, 1984/
Porie. at a].
1967; Pra.ad
at al • 1975,
U S EPA, 1984
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzai, 1955,
Philbrick at.
.1 , 1979, U S
EPA. 1990
NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955,
Philbrick at
1919, U S
EPA, 1990
Xylenea, mixed
subchrorijc
Expoaure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Specie.
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation, Oral.
Inhalation RIC
1mg/rn 3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral RID
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA, 2 14 ma/kg/day
therap.uttc dosage
chronic NA, 2 14 mg/kg/day
therapeutic dosage
Zinc cyanide
aubchron ic
NA human HA. anemia 1
3 1-1 4E+0
3E-1 2Et0
ND 21-1
ND 2E-1
ND 512 n
ND SE_Za.n
A- 85
-------
HEALTH yjvu-r ASS TS 54H4ARY TABLE A: SUB MIC ABD HIC TCE(ICITT (CTH TRAM CA I ICITy)
Update: Sept er . 1990
Exposur.
Species
Effect of Concern
Inhalation RIC
Oral. RfD
(mA/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Factor
Reference
Compound
Inhalation, Oral
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation. Oral
(mA/rn 3 (mg/kA/day))
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
Zinc phosphide
subchronic
NA; 50 p in diet
for 13 weeks, converted
to 3 48 mA/k5/day by
authors
NA
rat
NA; reduction of
food intake end body
weight
ND
3E-3
NA
1000
NA/Bei at el
1980, U S EPA.
1990
chronic
NA; 50 ppm in diet
for 13 weeks, converted
to 3 48 cngfkg/day by
NA
rat
NA. reduction of
food intake and body
wei5ht
ND
3E-4 5
NA
10,000
NA/Bei et al
1980, U S EPA.
1990
authors
Zi nob
subchronic
NA; 500 ppm in the diet
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
NA
rat.
NA, thyroid
hyperplasia
ND
SE-2
NA
500
NA/Blackwo lL-
Smith et al
1953; U S. EPA,
1984, 1990
chronic
NA, 500 ppn in the diet
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
NA
rat
NA, thyroid
hyperpLasia
ND
SE_2a
NA
500
NP./Blackwelj-
Smith at al
1953, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
6 V.rifiecl, availabi. on IRIS
bOSsed on route-to-route extrapolation
CSp.cifica lly related to orgenoleptic threshold and potential. for respiratory tract irritation, not. to systemic toxicity
dSpecifjcally rusted to organoleptic threshold, safe concentration may be hiAher but data are inadequate to assess
°Inhal,ation study with antimony trioxido in rats (Watt. 1980, 1981, 1983. ASARcO. Inc . 1980) provides qualitative evidence of lung cancer, cancer potency not
estimated.
Calculat.d by analogy to antimony by correcting for differences in molecular weight
8 Under r.vi.w by RfC/RfD Work Group
h 8 .ca 5 . of b.ckground dietary •xpoeure, a subchronic oral RfD wax not estimated
iVerified 2 s.per.ts RfDa, 1E-3 for food and SE-’. for water
iVerift.d; Workgroup concurrenc. on final data base file and IRIS input pending
kcurront drinking wat.r standard of 1.3 mg/L; Drinking Water Criteria Document concluded toxicity data were inadequate for calculation of an RED for copper
3 CRAVE-veriti.d as en EPA weightof-evidence Group D substance
-86
-------
REALTh ‘r r A lDITS &II4ART TABLE A: SUBCER0 IC AID lUC 1’( 1ClTT (0TH EDM CA 1IDG IC1TT)
Update. 5ept er, 1990
These values differ from thos. in th. REED (U S EPA, 1987) because the uncertainty factors for deriving the inhalation RID values presented herein were changed
to correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S EPA. 1990) for generating the oral. RCD from the same (inhalation) sLudy
°Calculated by analogy to fre. cyanide by correcting for differences in molecular weight
°These values differ from thos. in h. HEA (U.S. EPA. 1984) because the Study chosen as the basis for the inhalation RID values was changed to conform to the
inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RID derived in a more recent HEEP (LI S EPA, 1986)
PFinal Draft of Air Quality Criteria Doc anent (600/8-83-028F) declines to derive an air quality criterion for lead
qoral RID not verified and further discussion not scheduled
r8ased on RID for methyl mercury
5 These values differ from thos. in the flEA (U S EPA, 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the inhalation RID values was changed to conform to the
inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral. RID derived on IRIS
tA minor calculation error in estimation of transformed dose in 1986 HEEP is corrected here
°V.rlfi.d as a Group C c.rcIno .n no quantitative estimate available
V .cc.ptabl. •ir conc.ntratlon of 0 07 was .attmet.d by Carson .L at (1981) from available dsta
Utip.,i_. t psrfor .ith o-ryien.
pro. Lostc ty 4.t. en t.tr..thyi l.ad
1 wiu i, ren •i
5 Th. oral RID. miLe still awatlabi. en 1R 13. a b.ing r.censid.r.d by the RID tbgroup
m. v,rtfi.d ItO s ars en 1118 a. I 3E-3 becausa of a typographical error
bbD.v.lop..ntaL •ff.ct. hay, been u .d •. th. basis of calculation
CCSe,Id on arsenic equivalents
ddmia valu, for nitrogen dioxid.-N is based on analogy to nitrate
eeCSlCUtSt.d by analogy to mercury by correcting for differences in molecular weight
new RID is verified and tb. old n .r on IRIS will be changed
88 1nh.lation lIt not v.rifi.d and further discussion not scheduled
HA — HOt applicabl, or not availabl.; ND — not determined. II I — not reported
Hotas. To astimeta acceptabl. water concentrations from oral RIDS/RID. oultiply by 70 and divide by 2 L
If exposure occurs by both oral and inhalation routes, the route-specific RfDs/RID must be proportionally reduced
A-8)
-------
HEALTH EFF TS ASS} IDUTS S1 *4ARY TABLE B: CARC1NOG IC1TT
Update: Sept.eczther, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Inhalation
Oral
[ Slope
Inhalation OraL Inhalation
(pg/m 3 )
1(rng/kg/day) J
Factor]
Oral
-
[ (mg/kg/day) I
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Acephate NA, 2-year dietary NA mouse NA liver ND C/2 5E7 U S EPA. 1990/
(also see Table A) (8 7E-3 1° Chevron Chemical
Company. 1982.
U S EPA. 198’..
U S EPA. 1990.
U S EPA. 1990
Acrolein NA. NA NA NA NA NA C/NDe c,NDa U S EPA. 1987,
(also see Table A) 1990/U S EPA. 1987.
1990
Acrylam lde NA. 2-year drinking NA rat NA CNS. mazTrnary and 82/1 3E-3 B2/1 3E-4 U S EPA, 1990/
water thyroid glands, (4 5E+OJ . (4 SE+oIa Johnson at at
uterus, oral 1986, U S EPA,
cavity 1985, 1990
(also see Table A)
Acrylonitrile occupational; three human rat lung multiple 81/6 BE—S Bi/l SE-S O’Borg, 1980;
drinking water 12 4E 1J 6 (5 4E-iJ° U S EPA. 1983,
studiea 1987a.b. 1990/
Quasi. et at.. 1980.
Bio/dynamics, Inc
1980a,b, U S EPA.
1983, 1987, 1990
Alechior NA; NA NA NA NA NA B2/ND 82/2 3E-? U S EPA, 1984,
(also see Table A) (8 iE2) 1990/U S EPA. 1984,
1990
Aidrin three dietary studios; mouse mouse liver liver 82/4 9E-3 82/4 9E-4 NC!. 1977, Davis and
t.hre. dietary studios (also see Table A) (1 7 E+l le,b 1 1 a Fitzhugh, 1962.
Epstein, 1975,
Davis, 1965, U S
EPA, 1986, 1987,
1990/NC!, 1977,
Davis and Fitzhugh.
1962, Epstein, 1915,
Davis, 1965, U S
EPA, 1986, 1987,
1990
Allyl chloride NA, NA NA NA NA HA cnm C/KD U S EPA, 1983,
(also see Table A) 1990/U S EPA, 1983,
1990
B-I
-------
BEALT9 EFFICTS ASSES 4EHTS SIJ44ART TABLE B: CA IPOGENIC1TT
Update: Sept er, 1990
NA, 2-year dietary
NA; 400 p in diet
for 104 weeks (20
mA/k8/day)
EPA Group/Unit. Risk
ISlon e Factorj
Inhalation Oral
(iig/m 3 ) 1 (ug/ ) 1
I (m /k /day) 1 J ((m8/k /day) 1 J
B2/ND 02/1 6E-7
(5 1E-3)
02/7 1E- 82/7 1E-6
(2 56-21° (2 56-21
U S EPA. 1990/
CIII. 1982,
U S EPA, 1985, 1990
Popper at at , 1960.
Oser and Oser, 1962,
U S EPA. 1989/
Popper at al. , 1960,
Oser and Oser, 1962,
U S EPA, 1989
Brown and Chu,
1983a,b,c, Lee-
Feldstein, 1983,
11 188tns, 1982,
Enterline and
Marsh, 1982,
U S. EPA, 1984e,b,
1990/U S EPA.
1990
U S EPA, 1986,
1990/NIP, 1985,
U S EPA, 1985, 1990
U S EPA, 1990/
Nd, 1979, U S EPA,
1986, 1990
Ott at al , 1978,
Rinaky at at., 1981,
Won& at al , 1983,
U S EPA, 1985,
1981, 1989, 1990/
Ott at at , 1978,
Rinaky at el, ig 8 l,
Won4 St aL, 1983,
U S EPA, 1985,
1987, 1989, 1990
Zavon at at , 1973,
L I S EPA, 1990/
Zevon at at , 1973,
U S EPA, 1980,
1966, 1987, 1990
—
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Compound Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA rat NA
NA rat, increased
incidence
of liver tumors
(also see Table
human human respiratory
tract
(also see Table
Aniline
Araml to
Arsenic
Asbestos
Azobenzene
Banzene
Benzidine
spleen
increased
incidence
of liver tumors
A)
skin
A)
lar8e intestine
abdominal cavity
leukemia
A/4 36-3 A/NAk
(5 o +11 ”
100-5000 p8/rn 3
continuous;
0 01-1 8 mAlt in
drinkln& water
occupational.
dietary
NA, 2-y.ar dietary
occupational;
occupational
occupational,
occupational
human
NA
human
rat
rat
human
tunA and
mesothelioma
NA
leukemia
A/2 3E-l
(fibers/mt) 1 m
82/3 1E-5
A/8 36-6
(2 9E_218
A/ND
82/3 16-6
(1 16 _ 11 a
A18 3E-7
(2
A/6 7E-3
(2 3E+2 1 8.b
human human urinary bladder urinary bladder A/6.7E-2
(also see Table A) (2 36 2 1 a
8-2
-------
EEALTH EFP TS ASS TS S H4ARY TABLE B: CA IM0 JCITY
Updabe: Sept er , 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral.
Species
Tumor Situ
EPA Group/Unit. Risk
[ Slope Factor]
Reference
Inlia].ation
Oral.
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
( g/m 3 )’
((mg/kg/day) 1 1
Oral
Cug/t) 1
((mg/kg/day) 1 1
Inhalation/Oral
NA; NA
2 2-9 5 mg/rn 3 , 4 5
hours/day for 96 4
weeks, 1-250 p
diet for Z1l0 days
NA. 0 26 mg/kg/day,
2 dayp/week by gavage
for 25 weeks
NA. 0, 15. 30 mg/kg,
3 days/week by gavage
for 104 weeks
occupational. S p n
in drinking water
for lifetime
560-day oral study;
560-day oral study
inhalation 10-100
days, inhalation
10-100 days
human ret lung total
tumors
(also see Table A)
rat rat respiratory
tract
U.S EPA. 1990
Thyssen at al
1990. U S EPA,
1990/Neal and
Rigdon, 1967.
U S EPA.1980.
1990
U S EPA. 1990/
U S EPA, 1990
U S EPA. 1990/
U S EPA. 1990
U S EPA, 1990/
Fukude at al , 1978,
U S EPA, 1986, 1990
U S EPA, 1990/
Lijinaki. 1986.
U S EPA. 1986. 1990
Wagoner et al
1980; U.S EPA.
1987. 1990/
Schroeder and
Kitchener, 1975.
U S EPA. 1986,
1990
limes at al . 1969.
U.S EPA. 1980.
1990/limes at al
1969. U S EPA, 1980
1981. 1990
Kuschner et al
1915, U S EPA.
1990/U S EPA,
1990
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(e)pyrene
NA NA NA
hamster mouse respiratory
tract
Benzo(b)fluoranthene NA, NA
Benzo(k)fluoranthene NA, NA
NA
stomach
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
mouse mouse lung lungs
NA rat NA thyroid
Benzotrichloride
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Bia (2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bia (chioromethyl)-
ether
B2/NAI ,u
82/NDa.u
B2/NDf.u
B2/ND ’’
82/NA 8
B2/ND
B2/2 4E-3
(8 4E+0) 5
82/3 3E-4
(1 lE+Oj .
A/6 2E-2
(2 2E+2 1 a
B2/ND ’ u
82/ND 5
82/ND 1,!!
B2/NDI.u
82/3 6E-4
(1 3E+11 5
82/4 9E-6
[ 1 1E—1l
B2/1 2E-4
(4.3E+01 5
B2/3 3E-5
(1 1E+0J
A/6 2E-3
(2
mouse mouse liver
liver
ND
8-3
-------
HEALTh F TS ASS S l fl’3 S PIlARY TABLE B: CA& INO ICjTy
Update: Sept er, 1990
Bis(2-chloro-1-reethyl-
ethyl) ether
Bta(2-ethythexyt)
phthalate
Bro modich loromethane
Br ethene
(vinyl bromide)
Bromoform
1, 3-Butadiane
Butyl bonsyl
phthalat.e
Cadmium
Captafol
2-yeas gavage
stud?’, 2-year
savage atudy
NA; 103-week
dietary study
NA; 102-week 8aVaSe
study
2-year inhalation
at.udy; NA
NA, 103-weak savage
study
two inhalation
studies, NA
NA, NA
occupational; NA
NA; dietary study
(CBI)
mouse lLver, lung liver, lung
mouse NA liver
(also see Table A)
mouse NA liver
(also aee Table A)
NA liver NA
rat NA Large intestine
(also see Table A)
rat hematopoietic NA
sys ten,
Leydig cell,
thyroid
NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
mouse NA lymphosarcoma
(also see Table A)
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Compound Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
mouse
NA
NA
rat
NA
mouse
NA
human
NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ S ” — Factor]
Inhalation Oral
( zg/m 3 ) (psfe) 1
(mg/kg/day)’) t(mg/kg/day) 1 J
C/2E-5 C/2E-6
(?E_Z)b 17E-2I
82,NDa B2/4E-7
[ 1 4E-21 5
B2/ND 1 82/3 7E-
(1 3E—1j
82/3 2E-5 B lIND
(1 1E—li
B2/i 1E-6 82/2 3E-7
[ 3 9E-3I (7 9E-3) 5
82/2 8E-4 ND
(1 8E+Oja,l
NA C/ND 5
Bi/l 8E-3 ND,NDc
[ 6 1E÷o)a
C/ND C/2 4E-7
(8 6E-31
NT?, 1982,
U S EPA, 1987/
NTP 1982,
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1990/
NT?, 1982,
U S EPA, 1986,
1988, 1990
U S EPA, 1987,
1990/NT?, 1986,
U S EPA, 1987,
1990
Benya or. al , 1982,
U S EPA, 1984/
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1989,
1990/NTP, 1988,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990
ND/ [ Iazelton Labs,
1981, U S EPA,
1985, 1989,
U S EPA, 1989, 1990
U S EPA, 1987,
1990/U S EPA,
1987, 1990
Thun et, al , 1985,
U S EPA, 1985,
1990/U S EPA, 1984,
1988, 1990
U S EPA, 1984/
U S EPA, 1984
B-’.
-------
HEALTH EFFWTS ASS 1S SIRIiAEY TABLE B: CARCIMOGEMICITY
Update. Sept er, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ Slope Factor]
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
( g/m ) 1
i(mg/kg/day) 1 J
Oral
InhaLation/Oral
(MA/f) ’ -
((mg/kg/day) )
Ceptan NA; NA NA NA NA NA 82/ND 1 82/1 OE-7 U S EPA. 1984.
(also see Table A) (3 SE-3) 1 1990/U S EPA.
1984, 1990
Carbazole NA. 96-week dietary NA mouse NA liver 82/ND B2/2 8E-7 U S EPA. 1986/
study 12E2 1 Tsuda et al., 1982,..
U S EPA. 1986
Carbon tetrachloride several gavag. several several liver liver 82/1 SE_Sd 82/3 7E6 Della Porte at al
studies, several (also see Table A) Il 3E_iIa,b [ 1 3E-1) 5 1961, Edwards
gavsga studies et at 1942, Nd,
1976, U S EPA,
1984a,b, 1990/
Della Porte at
at , 1961. Edwards
et al , 1942,
NC!, 1976,
U S EPA, 1984e,b,
1990
Ch loranil NA, 82-week oral NA mouse NA liver and C/ND C/i iE5 U S EPA, 1986/
study lung (4 03E1i BRL, 1966, U S EPA,
1986
Chlordane two dietary bioassays, mouse mouse liver liver 82/3 7E-4 B2/3 7E-5 IRDC, i97:3, NC!,
two dietary bioasssy (also see Table A) (1 3 E+O)a.b ii +o l977 U S EPA,
1986, 1990/IRDC,
1973. NC!. 1977,
U S EPA, 1986
1988. 1990
Ch lorodibromoethene NA, 105-week gavage HA mouse NA liver 82/ND 82/2 4E-6 U S EPA, 1987/
study (8 4E-21 NTP, 1985,
U S EPA, 1987
Ch loroethane
(see vinyl chloride)
Chloroform 138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat liver kidney 82/2 3E-3 82/1 7E7 NC!. 1976, U S EPA,
200-188 p in (also see Table A) (8 IE_2)a (6 lE 3ja 1985. 1988, 1990/
drinking water for Jorgenson et al
104 weeks 1985, U S EPA,
1988, 1990
B- ‘i
-------
HEALTH EFF)2T5 ASSEZ V ITS SIR4ART TABLE B: CARCtPOGl iC1Ty
Update: Sept er, 1990
24-month inhalation
study; 24-month
inhalation study
NA; 0-4000 pps in
the diet for 18
months
NA, 9-4000 ppn in
the diet for 18
months
NA. NA
NA, 18-month
dietary study
MA; 0-6000 p zs in
the diet for 18
months
NA; 80-week dietary
study
occupational, NA
EPA Group/Unit R1 k
ES ? — —- Factor]
InI alatjon Oral
( g/m 3 )’ (p g/t)
(mg/kg/day) ) ((mg/kg/day)’)
C/i 8E-6 C13 ?E-1
(6 3E-3) (1 3E 2Jb
CUT, 1981, NIOSH,
1984, U S EPA,
1987/CuT, 1981,
NIOSH, 1984, U S
EPA, 1986, 1987
U S EPA, 1986/
U S EPA, 1986,
Weisburger et a].
1978
U S EPA. 1986/
U S EPA, 1986,
Weisburgar et al
1978
U S. EPA, 1987,
1990/U S EPA,
1990
U S EPA, 1985/
U S EPA, 1985,
Weisburger et al
1978
U S EPA, 1985/
U S EPA, 1985,
Weisburger et al
1978
U S. EPA, 1984/
Nd, 1978, U S EPA,
1984
Mancuso, 1975; U S
EPA, 1984a,b,
1990/NA
U S EPA, 1990/
U S EPA, 1990
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Compound Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Chloromethane
4 -Chloro-2-methyl-
aniline
4-Chloro-2-2-methyl-
aniline hydrochloride
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
o-Chloroni trobenzene
p-Chloroni trobenzene
Chiorthalonil
Chromium (VI)
Chrysene
mouse mouse kidney kidney
NA mouse NA vascular
hemangiomas
end hemangto-
sarcomas
NA mouse NA vascular
hemang I omas
and hemangio-
sarcomas
human NA Lung HA
NA mouse NA liver
NA mouse NA vascular
tumors
NA rat NA kidney
(also see Table A)
human NA lung NA
(also sea Table A)
NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
82/ND
82/ND
A/ND 5
52/ND
82/ND
82/ND
A/l 2E-2
14 iE ll 5
B2/ND
82/1 .6E-4
(5 8E-1I°
82/1 3E-5
14 6E—l)
A,NDa
62/3 5E-7
12 SE-2J
82/S 1E-7
11 8E-21
82/8 2E-8
(2.9E-3 1 8
liD/HOC
B2/NA
NA, NA
6-6
-------
HEALTH IY’FECTS A SES TS SI*4ARY TARLE B: CA 1N0CFJI1CITY
Update: Septeether. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit RLsk
(Slope Factor]
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(pg/m 3 )
((mg/kg/day) 1 1
Oral
Inhalation/Oral.
( g/ ) l
((mg/kg/day) 1 )
Coal tare occupational; NA human NA lun8 NA ND/6 2E-4 ND/ND Redmond at, al
(2 2EtO )e 1979, Mazusmdar
et, 51 , 1973, U S
EPA. 1984/NA
Creosote NA; NP. NA NA NA NA 81/ND 5 81/N o 6 U S EPA. 1990/
U S EPA. 3990
Crasol, o-. m- NA, BA NA NA NA NA C/ND C/ND U S EPA. 1984.
and p- (also see Table A) 1990/U S EPA.
1984, 1990
Crotoneldehyde 113-week drinking rat rat liver liver C/5 4E-4 C/5 4E5 U S EPA. 1989/
water study, (1 9E+O ) (1 9E+0) Chung at al.
113-week drinking 1986, U S EPA,
water study 1989
DUD MA, 2S0 ppe in diet NA mouse NA liver NA B2/6 9E-6 U S EPA, 1990/
for 130 weeks (2 4E_1 )a Tonatie at al.
1974, U S EPA, 1990
DDE NA. do..s of 0-1,000 NA mouse, NA liver B2/ND 82/9 75-6 U S EPA, 1990/
in diet in 3 hamster (3 4El) Nd, 1978. Tomat .ls
studies at, al , 1974, Roast
at. at , 1983,
U S EPA. 1990
DDT NA. aeveral, dietary mouse, mouse, liver Liver 62/9 75-5 82/9 7E6 U S EPA, 1986,
stud1e rat rat (also see Table A) (3 4E-l ) . (3 4E1 ) 1990/U S EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
Decabromodipheny ]. NA; NA NA NA NA NA C/ND 6 C/ND 6 U S EPA. 1984,
oxide (Dacabromo- (also see Table A) 1987. 1990/U S
diphenyl ether) EPA. 1984, 1987
1990
Diallata MA; 19-month oral NA mouse NA liver 82/ND 82/1 7E-6 U S. EPA, 1983/
it.udy (6 152) BRL, 1968, Innes
at el . 1969;
U S EPA, 1983
Dibenzo(a,h) NA, MA NA NA NA NA B2/NDt ,U U S EPA, 1990/
anthracene U S EPA, 1990
5-7
-------
HEALTH EFF TS ASSES IENTS S!R*4ARY TABL.E B: CARCINOGEN ICITY
Update: Sept er, 1990
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Exposure Species Tumor Site ( Slope Factor] Reference
Compound Inhalation, Oral. Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Ora l.
(pg/m 3 Y 1 (ug/t) 1
((mg/kg/day) 1 ] ((m8/kg/day)’
Dibromochiorocoethane NA, 105-week gavaga NA mouse NA hepatocellular C/ND C/2 4E-6 U S EPA, 1990/
study adenoinas or (8 4E-2) 1 NIP, 1985, U S.
carcinomas EPA, 1987. 1989.
(also see Table A) 1990
l,2-Dibraem-3- Inhalation study; rat, rat, lung, nasal forest,ocnach, 82/6 3E-3 B2/6 3E-4 SRC, 1982, U S EPA.
chloropropano Studios include mouse mouse cavity, tongue, cnanssary gland, (2 ZE+l) (2 2EtiJ 1985, 1986/SRC 1982
gavags and skin pharynx, adrenal lung, skin U S EPA, 1985, 1986
application cortex
1,2-Dibromoothane 88-103 week inhale- rat rat nasal cavity forestoaiach B2/2 ZE-4 82/2 SE-3 NIl ’, 1982, U S EPA.
(ethylene dibrocalde) tion study, 49-week (7 6E 1Ia (8 SE+11 8 1984, 1990/NCI,
gavage study 1978, U S. EPA,
1984, 1987, 1990
1,4-Dich lorobenzene NA, 103-weak gavege NA mouse NA liver C/ND C/6 8E7 Federal Register,
(p-dichtorobenzene) Study (also see Table A) (2 4E_2 1 g 1987, U S EPA,
1987/Federal
Register, 1987, NTP,
1986, U S EPA, 1987
3,3’-Dichloro- HA. lifetime NA rat NA ma nary B2/ND 82/1 3E5 U S EPA, 1990/
bensidine dietary study (4. SE_ lI a Stula et al.,
1975, U S EPA,
1988, 1990
1,4-Dichloro—2-butene 90-day inhalation rat NA nasal NA B2/2 6E-3 82/ND El Dupont de
study, NA passages (9 3E+0j Nemour , 1986,
(also see Table A) U S. EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 198?
l,1-Dichloroethane NA; gavago NA rat NA heinangio- C/ND 1 c/ND 1 U S EPA, 1984,
sarcoma 1990/Nd, 1978,
(also see Table A) u s EPA, 1985, 1990
1,2-Dichioroothano gavago, gavage rat rat circulatory circulatory 82/2 6E-5 b B2/2 6E-6 NCI, 1978, U S EPA,
(ethylene chloride) system system (9 1E—2) 5 ’ (9 1E-2J 5 1985, 1990/Nd,
1978, U S EPA,
1985, 1990
1,1-Dichloroethylene 10 and 25 ppn for mouse rat kidney adrenal C/SE-S C/i 7E5 lialtoni at al
(vlnylidone chloride) 12 months, gavage (also see Table A) U 2E+01 5 ’’ (61_lIe 1985, U S EPA,
1985, 1990/NTP,
1982, U S EPA,
1985, 1988, 1990
6-8
-------
HEALTH EFPFLTh ASS TS SI I4A Y TABLE B: CAW IPOGERICITY
Update: SepLe ber, 1990
NA
(also see
benign lung
tumors
(also see
Table A)
mouse mouse liver
(also see
liver B2/ND
Table A)
forestomach, 82/3 7E-
liver, adrenal. Ii 3E—1I
th l’roid
Liver
TabLe A)
82/is 6E3
i
U S EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1985,
U S EPA, 1987
Looms at al . 1989,-
U S EPA. 1989.
1990/NTP, 1985.
U S EPA. 1985.
1989. 1990
Thorpe and WaLker,
1973. Davis, 1965,
WaLker et. al • 1972,
Tennekas at at
1981, Meiarhenrey
at at , 1983, Nd,
1976, U S EPA,
1990/Thorpe end
Walker, 1973, Davis,
1965, Walker at el
1972, Tennekes
at. at , 1981,
Maierh.nrey at. al
1983, NC!, 1978,
U S EPA, 1987, 1990
SEC. 1983; U S EPA.
1986/SRC. 1983,
U S EPA, 1986
U S EPA, 1987/
SelLakumar at at
1969, OSIIA/NIOSH,
1980, U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1987/
Waisberger at, al
1978, U.s EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1981/
Weisberger at al.
1978, U S EPA, 1987
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
(Slope F ’actorj
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
( g/m 3 ) 1
I(mg/kg/day) )
Oral
(j g/ 1
((mg/kg/day) 1 1
InhaLation/OraL
Dichloromethane see tiethylene chiorida
1.2-Dichioropropane NA: gavage
1, 3-Dichioropropane 2-year inhalation
bioasaay, lOis-week
gavaga study
LtiaLdrin several dietary
atudiss, s.veraL
d$.t.ry studiss
NA
mouse
mouse
rat
Diethylati lbast.rol
3,3’ -Dtm.thoxybenzidin.
2, 4-Dimethyleni line
2, is-Dimethylani line
hydrochloride
Oral etudiasb,
Oral studies
NA, lifetime dietary
study
NA; 18-month dietary
study with the 1ICI
salt
NA, 18-month dietary
study
B2/1 9E-6
(6 8E 2j 8
82/5 1E-6
(1 8E_IJt
B2/4 6E-4
(1 6E+1I
A/i 4E-2
(4 9E+21
62/ sE- i
(1 4E-2l
C/2 1E-5
(7 SE-li
C/I 7E-5
(5 8E-1J
ret, rat, manisary gland, maninary gland.
mouse mouse uterus, cervix uterus, cervix
NA hamster NA forest.otnach
NA mouse NA lung
NA mouse NA lung
All SE-i
IS 9E+2 1 b
82/ND
C/ND
C/ND
I t-S
-------
NEALTU EFFWTS ASS 1rTS SIJ4ART TABLE B: CA1 8IM)G IC I TT
Update: Septmrber, 1990
A/2 ‘.1-4
(8 7E+0I
A/2 31-4
(8 7E+O) 8
U S EPA, 1987/
Griswold et. at
1968. U S EPA, 1987
U S. EPA, 1984/Toth,
1972, 1973.
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1984/Toth
and Witaon, 1971,
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA. 1985,
1990/U S EPA, 1985,
1990
U S EPA. 1987,
1990/Ellis ot al
1979, U S. EPA,
1987, 1990
U S EPA, 1987,
1990/U. . S EPA,
1987, 1990
U S EPA, 1990/
NC!, 1978,
U S. EPA, 1990
NC !, 1978;
U S EPA, 1980,
1990/NC!, 1978,
U S. EPA. 1980,
1987, 1988, 1990
U S EPA. 1987/
NC!, 1978, U S EPA,
1987
II S EPA, 1987/
NC!, 1978, U S EPA,
1987
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Inhalation
Oral
[ Slope
Inhalation Oral. Inhalation
(p /m 3 )
((mgfkg/day ) ’ 1 )
Factorj
Oral.
(pg/f) ’’
((cng/kp/day ) ’ 1 J
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
anthracene
3.3’-Dimethylbenzidine
NA; 30-day 6evage
NA
rat
NA
emissary
HZ/ND
study
1,1-Dimethythydrasine
NA; lifetime
drinkin8 water study
NA
mouse
NA
vascular system
C/ND
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
NA. 73-week drinkin8
water study
NA
mouse
NA
vascular system
RI/ND
Ds..Lhyt s.lfet.
PA IA
MA
MA
NA
NA
B2/NDa
2 DInltrotolu.n.
IA 2’y..g dI.t.sy
•Lwdy
PA
ret
PA
(also
Ce.
Tet l.
liver m ary
pland
A)
82/NDt
2.6-D in$trotot ra.e.
IA, IA
PA
PA
IA
(.1.o
a..
Table
NA
A)
82/NDt
1,4-Dioxane
NA; 0-530 mp/kp/day
for 110 weeks
NA
rat
NA
nasal cavity,
liver
B2/ND
1,2-Dtphenylhydrszine
2-year dietary stud?’,
2-year dietary study
rat
rat
liver
liver
B2/2 2E-’ .
(8 OE-1I .
Direct Black 38
NA; 190-1500 p in
diet for 93 days
NA
rat
NA
liver
A/ND
Direct Blue 6
NA. 190-1500 p in
diet for 91 days
HA
rat
NA
liver
A/ND
82/2 6E-4
(9 2Et0J
C/2 SE- ’.
(B 7E+01 8
81/4 OE-2
(1 61+311
BZ/NDa
82/i 9E-
(6 8E-ll ”
82/1 9E-
(6 8E-1I ’°
82/3 1E-7
(1 1E_Z la
B2/2 2E-5
(8 01 _ 11 e
B-ID
-------
HEALTh u i z.m ASS Q]ITS SL 4ART TABLE B. CAJ 1CINOGFJIIC IT T
Update Sept er, 1q90
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral.
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ Slope Factor]
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(,gg/rnJ)1
((ng/kg/day) 1 1
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
(u6/ 1
((m /kB/day)’l
Direct Sky Blue 68
NA. 190-1500 p in
diet for 91 days
NA; NA
inhalation exposure
for 30 days, observed
for lifespan; 81-week
drinkin5 water study
NA, 104-week acrylate
study
Ethylene dibromide (see 1,2-Dibromoethene)
2-year Inhalation
study, NA
Ethylene thiouree NA; 5-500 pIxe In diet
for 2 years
rat NA blood cells,
brain
NA rat NA thyroid
(also see Table A)
A/2 6E-4
19 3E+OIB
82/ND B2/l 4E-6
(‘i 8E-2 1 8
U S EPA, 1987/
Nd, 1978, U S EPA,
1987
U S EPA, 1987/
U S EPA, 1987
Laskin at, al , 1980,
U S EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990/Komishi
et at , 1980,
U S EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990
U S EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1986, U S EPA,
1987
Snellin8a at al
1981. U S EPA,
1985/U S EPA,
1985
U S EPA, 1984/
Graham et al , 1975,
U S EPA, 1984
NA. 112-113-week
dietary study
24-month inhalation
study; NA
NA; 45-week dietary
study
dl8estive tract
(also see Table A)
02/ND B2/1E-7
(3 sE—31
nasal cavity 81/1 35-5
f4 SE_na
B1/8 65-7
(3 OE-21
82/ it -4
(3 8E+0I
U S EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Company, 1982,
U S EPA. 1984, 1990
Kerns at al. , 1983,
U S EPA, 1990/
U S EPA, 1985,
1988a,b
U S EPA, 1987/
U S DHEW, 1976a,b,
U S EPA, 1987
Direct Brown 93
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl acrylate
82/ND 82/ND
Ethylene oxide
NA rat NA liver A/ND
NA NA NA NA
rat rat respiratory forestomach
tract
(also see Table A)
NA rat NA forestomach
NA
82/1 ZE-6
(4 2E-31
82/2 85-7
(9 9E -3
Folpet
Forms Idehyde
Furazolidone
NA mouse NA
81/15-4 MD
(3 SE-i ) 8
82/ND
B2/1E-6
(3 6E-2)
rat rodent nasal cavity
NA rat NA
mamnary 82/ND
B-Il
-------
HEALTh EFF TS ASSES 1 (TS SIM4ARY TABLE B: CA I ICITY
Update: Septe er, 1990
hamster hamster liver liver
(also see Table A)
Cabral at al • 1917,
U S EPA. 1984,
1990/Cabral at al
1977, U S EPA,
1984, 1985, 1990
Kociba at al
1977, U S EPA,
1990/Kocjba at al.
at al , 1977,
U S EPA,193o
1984, 1890
U S EPA. 199 0/Ito
et al , 1973,
U S EPA, 1987, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ Slope Factor I
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(pg/rn 3 ) ’
((rng/kg/day) 1 1
Oral
(pg/L)
I (rn /kg/day)’)
Reference
Irthalation/Orai
NA mouse NA leukemia
NA rat NA NA
(also see Table A)
mouse mouse liver liver
(also aee Table A)
mouse liver liver
Furitm NA; Z8-waek dietary
study
Glycidaldehyde NA; 70-week study
(gastric intuhation)
Heptachlor dietary studies;
dietary studies
Hept.achlor spoxid. 0-10 ppn in that for 2 mouse
yasrI’ , 0-10 ppn in
diet for 2 years
Hexachlorobenzane diet, diet
Haxachlorobutadiena diet, diet
Haxachlorocyclohexazie- NA; 24-week dietary
alpha study
U S EPA, 1987/
Cohen at al , 1870,
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1989/
U S EPA, 1989
Davis. 1965,
Epstein, 1976, Nd,
1977, Reuber, 1977,
U S EPA, 1986,
1990/Davis, 1965.
Epstein, 1976, NCI,
1977, Reuber, 1977,
U S EPA, 1986
1987, 1990
Davis, 1965,
Velsicol Chemical
Corp.. 1973, U S
EPA. l 9 90/Davis,
1965, VeIsjcoj
Chemical Corp.,
1973, U S EPA,
1990
82/ND
B2/ND
B2/l 3E-3
(4 5Ef OI .b
82/2 6E-3
(0 lEtOJ .
82/4 6E-4
(1 6EtOIb.f
C/2 ZE-5
(7 8E-2I •
62/1 8E-3
(6 3EtO Ia,b
B2/1 IE-4
(5 OE+1J
82/ND
62/1 3E-4
(4 5E+0J 8
B2/2 6E-4
(9 IEtOI 5
B2/4 6E-
(1 6E+0J
C/2 2E-6
(7 8E-2I 5
62/1 8E-4
(6 3E+OIa
rat rat kidney kidney
(also sea Table A)
NA mouse NA liver
B-12
-------
HEALTH EFF TS ASS TS SIJ44ARY TABLE B: CA INO 1CITY
Update: Sept. er, 1990
Hexachiorocyc lohexane-
ga a (Lindane)
NA, 110—w..k distary
study
NA, diet.
NA, 6- to 20-month
dietary study
90-week gavage study,
90-week gevage study
hydrazine vapor
inhalation for 1 year.
25-week exposure by
gavage to hyrazine
sulfate
NA, NA
NA, 2-year gavage
study
NA; NA
liver
(also see Table A)
kidney,
preputial gland
(also see Table A)
NA
(also see Table A)
C/4 OE-6
(1
C/S 3E-5
(1 8E+01 5
B2,NDf.u B2/NDf,U
C/ND C/i 2E-7
(4 1E—3I
U S EPA, 1990/
Thorpe and WaLker,
1973, U S EPA,
1987, 1990
U S EPA, 1984/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973, U S EPA,
1984, 1990
U S EPA. 1990/
Munir at al , 1983,
U S EPA, 1987, 1990
Nd, 1978, U S EPA,
1989, 1990/Nd,
1978, U S EPA,
1980, 1987, 1989,
1990
MacEwen et al.,
1981, U S EPA,
1984, 1990a,b/
Bianciflori, 1970,
U S EPA, 1984,
1990a,b
Li S EPA, 1990/
U S EPA, 1990
U S EPA, 1987,
1990/NTP, 1986,
U S EPA, 1986,
1987, 1990
B2/ND 8 U S EPA, 1984,
1990/U S EPA,
1984, 1990
Linuron NA; NA
NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
d/NDa U S EPA. 1990/
U S EPA, 1990
2-Nethoxy-5-nitro-
aniline
NA, 0 4Z, 0 8Z in
diet for 104 weeks
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
beta
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
(SLope Factor]
Reference
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(pg/m 3 ) ’ ’
((mg/kg/day) )
Oral
(pgI ) 1
((a ig/kgfday) 1 j
Inhalation/Oral
liver
C/S 3E—4
(1
52-C/ND
B2/5 1E-4
El 8E+0I b
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
technical
Hexachioroethane
Hydrazine/hydrazine
sulfate
Indeno(1.2.3-c.d)
pyrene
I sophorone
Lead
NA mouse NA
NA mouse NA
NA mouse NA liver
mouse mouse liver liver
(also see Table A)
rat mouse nasal cavity liver
NA NA NA NA
NA rat NA
NA NA NA
82-C/3 7E-5
(1 3Ef01 8
52/5 1E-5
Ii SE*01 5
C/4 OE-7
(1 4E-2) 5
52/8 SE-S
(3 OE+oJ
B2/4 9E-3
(17 lEtola
NA rat NA
C/ND
akin
B2/ND B2/1 3E-6
(4 6E—21
U S EPA, 1987/Nd.
1978, U S EPA, 1987
8-13
-------
HEALTH EFF TS ASSFS I TS SIJ*4ARY TABLE B: CA IN0G IICITY
Update: Sept. er , 1980
NA, in diet, for
59 weeke
inhalation study,
inhalation and
drinking water
etudies
NA, lifetime
oral study
NA, in diet for
98 weeks
NA, 2-year dietary
study
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ S’—— Factor]
Inhalation Oral
( g/m 3 ) 1 (ji 8 /t)
((mg/kg/day) 1 ] [ (mg/kg/day) 1 )
B2/ND 82/6 9E-6
(2 4E—1j
82/ND 82/6 OE—6
(1 8E—1J
ND/7 1E-6
(2 SE—i)
82/3 7E-6
U 3E—1]
E2 /l 3E-6
(4 6E-2I
82/2 1E-?
(7 sE —3]
NA/3 1E-5
(1 1E+0J
C/9 sE-i
(3 3E-2]
82/5 1E-5
(1 8E+0)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U S EPA, 1987/
Hecht at al , 1982,
U S EPA. 1987
U S EPA, 1987/
llecht at al., 1982,
U S EPA, 1987
NA/NTP, 1983,
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1990/
Karmineni at al
1979, Stula at al
1975, U S EPA, 1990
U S EPA. 1985/
MCI, 1979,
U S EPA, 1990
NTP, 1986. U S EPA
1984, 1990/NTp ,
1986, NCA, 1983,
U S EPA, 1985. 1990
U S. EPA, 1984/Toth
end Shimizu, 1913,
U S EPA, 1984
U S EPA, 1987/MCI,
1978, U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA. 1987/
NT?, 1987,
U S EPA, 1987
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral
2-Mathylaniline NA; 2-methylaniline-
hydrochloride in
diet. for 93 weeks
2-Methylaniline NA; 93—week dietary
hydrochloride study
Methyl chloride (see Chloromethsna)
3-Mathylchol-anthracene
4,4-Methylenebis NA, 2-year drinking
benzelamine water
4,4 • -Methylene-bia
(2-chloroa niline) NA. 2-year diet study
NA rat NA skin
NA rat NA skin
Data Inadequate for Risk Azsessment’
NA rat NA liver
NA rat NA lung
(also see Table A)
NA rat NA thyroid
mouse mouse lung, liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA hamater NA liver
NA mouse NA liver
NA rat NA liver,
adrenal
(also see Table A)
4,4 ’-Mathylene bia
(N, N’ -dimethylani line)
Methylene chloride
(dichioromethane)
Methythydrazine
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline
K.trex
ND
B213 7E-5
(1 3E—1]
82 5 /ND
82/4 1E-6
U 4E-2)’
NA/ND
C/ND
82/ND
8-14
-------
HEALTH EFF TS ASS FrS SJL *4A Y TABLE B: CA 1 l 1CITY
Update: Septe er. 1990
human NA respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
82/ND 82/ND
nickel
refinery dust.
A/2 4E-4 (8 4E 1j 5
nickel subsulfide
A/4 8E-4 (1.7E+01 8
B2/ND 82/4 3E-5
[ 1 5E+0)
U S EPA. 1987/
U S EPA. 1987
U S. EPA. 1986.
Chovil at al
1981, Enterline and
Marsh, 1982. Magnus
at al , 1982. Peto
at. al , 1984.
U S EPA. 1984.
1990/U S. EPA. 1990
U S EPA, 1987/
Erturk at al
1970, U S EPA.
1987
xpoaure
t.ion; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ Slope Factorj
Reference
Inhalation
Oral.
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(pg/m 3 ) 1
((mg/kg/day) J
Oral
(pg/L) ” 1
((mg/kg/day)’)
Inhalation/Oral
NA MA NA NA
ND/ND’
ionaL; NA
week dietary
h inhalation
22-month
ion study
g water for
rink ing
or life
or 64 ppn in
8 water for
8 water
months,
8 water
r 12 months
8 water.
8 water;
NA rat NA
rat, rat, liver
rabbit
mouse mouse bladder
esophagus
NA rat NA
ret rat liver
rat rat Liver
mamoary
liver
bladder
esophagus
liver
liver
liver
B2/2 7E-3
(9 4E+0) 8
82/1 6E-3
[ 5
82 a/ND
32/4 3E-2
(1
32/1 4E-2
( 5
82/2 7E-4
(9 5E+0) 8
82/1 6E-4
[ 5 4E1 ’01 5
82/8 OE-5
(2 OE+OJa
82/4 SE—S
(1 SE+21a
82/1 4E-S
(5 1E+1) 5
Lewis at al . 1979.
U S EPA, 1985/
U S EPA, 1985. 1986
Bertram and Craig.
1970, U S EPA.
1986, 1990/Bertram
and Craig, 1970,
U S EPA, 1986, 1890
U S EPA, 1986.
1990/Lijinaky and
Kovatch, 1985.
U S EPA, 1986, 1990
Peto et al , 1984,
U S EPA, 1986.
1990/Peto at al
1984; U S EPA,
1986, 1990
Peto et al , 1984,
U S EPA. 1986,
1990/Peto at al
1984, U S EPA,
1986, 1990
6-15
-------
HEALTh F Th ASSTh TS SIJ 4ARY TABLE B: CARCINOG t1CItY
Update: Sept. er, 1980
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Ore].
Species
Tumor Site
EPA
Group/Unit Risk
[ Slope
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(pg/m 3 )
t(mg/kg/day) 1 1
Fectorl
Oral
Reference
(pg/ ) 1
((ing/kg/day) 1 ]
Ir’J)alatjOn/Oral
N-Nitrosodiphenyl- NA, 700-day dietary NA rat NA urinary bladder B2/NDa B2/1 4E-1 U S EPA, 1987/
amine study (4.OE_31a Peto at. al . 1984,
Nd, 1979, U S EPA,
1980, 1986a,b. 1981,
1990
N-Hitroaodi-n-prepyl- NA; lifetime NA rat NA liver B2e,ND 82/2 OE-4 U S EPA, 1986,
amine drinking water (7 QEsoja 1990/Druckrey, 1967,
Druckrey et. al.
1967, U S EPA,
1986. 1990
N-Nitroaomethylethyl- NA. in drinking NA rat NA liver B2/6 3E-4 u s EPA. 1986,
amine water for lifetime (2 2E+1 1 a 1990/Druckrey
et. al , 1967;
Druckrey, 1967,
U S EPA, 1986. 1990
N-Nitrosooiethylvinyl- NA, NA NA NA NA NA B2/ND B2/ND U S EPA, 1986/
amine u S. EPA, 1986
N-Nttrosopyrrolidtne 0-3 mg/kg/day n rat, ret liver Liver B2/6E4 B2/6E5 Preussman at al
drinking water (2 lE+OI8,b (2 lEfola 1977, U S EPA,
0-3 mg/kg/day in lO 9 O/Prau s sman
drinking water at. a]. 1917,
U S EPA, 1990
Parathion NA. NA NA NA NA NA C/NDa C,NDa U S EPA, 1987,
(also see Table A) 1990/U.S EPA, 1987,
1990
?CBs (see Polychlorinated biphenyla)
1,2.3,4,5-Penta- NA, 0-70 mg/kg/day NA rat NA large intestine C/ND C/6 65-7 U S EPA, 2985/
broo6chlorocyclo in the diet for (2 3E-2) 9 Blair, 1981,
haxane 2 years u S EPA, 1985
Pentachioronitro- NA, 72-week oral NA mouse NA liver C/ND C/i 45-6 U S EPA, 1986/
benzene study (also see Table A) (2 6E11 6 Innea et. al , 1969,
U S EPA, 1986
Pantachlorophenol NA, two 2-year NA mouse NA liver, adrenal, BlIND B2/3E-6 U S EPA, 1990/
dietary studies with circulatory system (1 2E-1I NTP 1989, U S EPA,
technical grade and (also see TabLe A) 1990
Elowicide IC-i
B-lB
-------
REALTh F7F1XTS ASSESIBIEWTS SlJ4ART TABLE B• CA 1 NOGF.]I IC ITT
Update: Sept er . 1990
NA, o-phenyienedi ine
dihydrochioride in
diet, for 548 days
NA, 2-phenyiphenol
sodiws salt in diet, for
637 days
NA, Firemaster FF-1
by gava e for 25
weeks followed by
23-month observation
NA. Aroclor 1260
in diet.
2-y.ar Inhalation
etudy, 150-week
88V6&I study
NA; 20-40-week
dietary study
NA, 2-year diet
study
iEE
EPA Group/Unit Risk
( S’ Fectorj
Inhalation Oral
(u /f) 1
((mgfkg/day)’I L(mgfk /day) 1
82/ND 82/1 3E-6
(4 7E—21
C/ND C/S SE-8
(1 9E-3)
82/ND 82/2 SE-s
18 9E+0I
82/2 2E-4
(7 7E+01 8
82/6 BE-
(2 4E-l)
C/3 SE-s
(1 2E+1(
C/3 1E-6
(1 1E-1)
B2/ND
C/3 4E-6
(1 2E-1)
U S EPA, 1985/
U S EPA, 19R5,
Weisburger at at
1978
U S EPA. 1984/
Hira a and Fujii,
1981, U S. EPA,
1984
U S EPA. 1989/
NIP, 1983, U S
EPA. 1989
U S EPA, 1984,
1990/Norback and
Welt,man, 1985,
U S EPA, 1987, 1990
NIP, 1985, Ranno
at. al. , 1986; U S
EPA. 1985, 1990/
Dunkelberg, 1982,
U S EPA, 1985, 1990
U S EPA. 1985/
Ilireo at. at , 1976,
U S EPA, 1985
U S EPA, 1989,
1990/Lish at at
1984, U S EPA,
1989, 1990
U S EPA, 1989/
NCI/NTP, 1980,
U S EPA, 1989
U S EPA, 1984,
1988/U S EPA, 1984,
1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation,
Species
Tumor Site
Oral.
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat.
NA rat
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA
NA
NA
(also see Table
o-Phenylenediamine
2-Phony lphonol
Polybrominated
biphenyls
PoLych lorinet,ed
biphenyla
Propylene oxide
Qu mo line
RDX (Cyclonite)
Selenium sulfid.
Simazine
NA
mouse
ret NA
rat nasal cavity
liver
urinary bladder
hepatocet lu lar
carcinoma and
neoplestic
nodules
A)
liver
forestomach
liver
liver hepato-
cellular
carcinomas and
adenomas
A)
liver, lun4
NA
AG
82/ND
82/3 7E-
(1 3E-2)
C/ND
C/ND
NA rat
NA mouse
NA rat,
mouse
NA NA
NA, 2-year oral
at,udy
NA; NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(also see Table
(also sea Table
82/ N f l t
C/ND!
8-17
-------
REALTU F Th ASSTU ITS SI *4ART TABLE B: CA IN0 ICITY
Update: Sept er, 1990
1 1.1 .2-Tetrachloro-
athena
1, l,2,2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
Tetrachloroethy lene
(perchloro.thylsne)
p,a,e , -Tet,rachloro-
toluene
Tetrachlorvinphos
(stirophos)
0 500 cng/kg/day in corn mouse
oil by gavage 5 da s/
week for 103 weekaL,
0-500 mg/k9/dey in corn
corn oil by gavege 5
days/week for 103 weeks
gaVage gavage mouse
inhalation, gavage rat.
mouse
gavage study; mouse
ga age study
NA, 560-day dietary NA
etudy
NA mouse NA hepatoma
(also see Table A)
leukemia lung and bronchi
(also see Table A)
several several
NA liver
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[ Si-’—— Factor]
Inhalation Oral
((mg/kg/day) J ((mg/kg/day) j
C/7 7E-6
(2 7E—1J
B2/8 6E-7
(3 OE-21 8
B2 3 /4 5E+0
Li 5E+5J
C/ i 4E-7
(2 6E-21 8
C/S 8E-6
(2 QE_lie
82/1 SE-6
(5 lE-2)
B2/5 7E-4
(2 OE$lj
C/6 9E-7
(2 4E-2)
U S EPA, 1988/
BRL, 1968.
U S EPA, 1988
Jersey et al 1978,
U S EPA, 1989,
1990/Nd, 1979,
U S EPA. 1989, 1990
Kociba et al
1978, U S EPA,
1984/Kociba at at
1978, U S. EPA, 1984
1985a,b
NT?, 1983, U S EPA.
1990/NTP, 1983, U S
EPA, 1990
Nd, 1978, U S EPA,
1980, 1990/Ncr,
1978, U S EPA,
1980, 1990
NT?, 1986, U S EPA
1986, 1998/Nd,
1977; U S EPA,
1985, 1998
Fukada et al , 19)9,
U S EPA, 1987/
Fukada at al , 1919,
U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1984/
Nd, 1978, U S EPA,
1984
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral
Sodium diethyldithio- NA; diet
carbamate
Stirophos (see Tetrachlorvinphoa)
Styrene 20-month inhalation
study, gavage study
2,3,7,8-TCDD diet, diet
C/ND
Reference
. Inhalation/Oral
rat mouse
rat rat
B2/5 7E-7
(2 OE-31 8
B2 /3 3E-5 5
(pg/m )1
(1
C/7 4E-6
(2 6E_2 1 5,b
mouse liver liver
Liver liver
leukemia, liver liver
(also see Table A)
lung lung
mouse
mouse
mouse
Douse
C/S 8E-5
(2 OE_lla,b
82/5 2E-7
B2
C/ND
B- 18
-------
HEAJ.TB EFFF TS ASSES I ITS SIH4ARY TABLE B: CA IN0GENICITY
Update: Sept ther, 1990
NA; in the diet for
103 weeks
NA; 511-day dietary
study with HCL salt
NA; 6-12 month dietary
study with the ( (CL salt
735-day dietary study,
135-day dietary study
two inhalation studies,
two gavage studies
liver 82/3 1E-6
(1 1E-2J°
C/i OE-6
(3 4E-21
C/8 2E-7
(2 9E-21
C/i 65-6
(5 7E-2J
82/3 2E-
(1 1E—21
B2/3 1E-7
(1 iE_2 1 a
U S EPA, 1986/
( (CI. 1979,
U S EPA. 1986
U S EPA. 1984/
Hecht et a].
1982. u.s EPA.
1984
U S EPA. 1984/
Weisburger et a].
1978, U S EPA. 1984
Litton Bionetics.
Inc . 1978, U S
EPA, 1990/Litton
Bionetics, Inc
1978, U S EPA.
1980, 1987, 1990
U.S EPA. 1987/
Weiaburger at al
1978, U S EPA, 1987
U S EPA, 1987/
Weisburger et a].
1976, U S. EPA. 1887
( (CI. 1978, U.S EPA,
1980. 1990/NCI,
1978, U S EPA,
1980. 1984, 1990
Meltoni et al
1986, Fukuda at. al
1983. U S EPA,
1988/Nd. 1976, NTP,
1983, U S EPA.
1985, 198?. 1988
( (CI. 1979W U S
EPA. 1980, [ 981.
1990/Nd, 1979,
U S EPA, 1980,
1984, ]987, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation, Oral
Species
Tumor Site
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
iE
Ref erence
Inhalation/Oral
NA
NA
NA
liver
manhnary gland
skin fibroma
liver
liver
EPA Group/Unit. Risk
(S ’ Factor]
Inhalation Oral
((mg/kg/day) 1 ) ((mg/kg/day) 1 (
B2/ND 82/9 15-5
(3 2E1 -0J
82/ND 82/6 95-6
(2 45—1)
C/ND C/2 65-5
(1 95-1)
82/3 2E-4 82/3 2E-5
(1 i +oia,b (1 lEtO ) 5
2, 4-Toluenediemine
o-Toluidine
p-Toluidine
Toxaphene
2, .6- Tr icb1eg. i I L a.
2 4.6-TrIcbio,o Uim.
bydoch ler&d.
1 • 1 ,2-Tricbloro.than.
Trichloroethylene
2,4 ,6-Trichlorophenol
MA diet t silt
PA, 41st
$.v.5.. 8SVS8 5
NA mouse
mouse mouse
IA uss MA ins p.c I t
t rs of th.
viscular syitsa
MA o.is. MA iflsp .cIf lsd
t.i ors of Iii.
vasculir .yiI.sm
mous. mouse Liver liver
(also see Table A)
mouse mouse lung liver
mouse mouse liver
C/ND
C / ND
C/i 6E-5
(5 7E-2J .
B2/1 1E-
(1 ) 5 2 )n,i
diet, diet
13-19
-------
REALTh EFY TE ASSES IENTS S 1**4ARY TABLE B: CAl INOG 4ICITy
Update: Sopt er, 1990
Compound
Exposure
Species
Tumor
Site
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation
Oral
[ Slope
Factor)
Oral
(M8/f) 1
((mg/kg/day) I
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
(Mg/m 3 )
((mg/kg/day) 1 1
Triflurelin
NA; in th. diet for
2 years
NA
rat
NA
(also
see
Table
kidney, bladder
and thyroid
A)
C/ND
Cf2 2E-7
(7 7E-3)
U S EPA. 1990/
Emerson et al
1980, U S EPA,
1964, 1990
Tricnethyl phosphate
NA, 10-week gavage
study
NA
mouse
NA
uterus
B2/ND
82/1 1E-6
13 7E-21
U S EPA, 1985/
NCI, 1918,
U S EPA. 1985
2.4,6-Trthitroluene
NA, 2-year dietary
study
NA
rat
NA
(also
see
Table
urinary bladder
A>
C/ND
C/g OE-7
(3 0E 2la
U S EPA, 1990a,b/
U S DOD, 1984,
U S EPA. 1990a,b
Vinyl bromide
(is. browo.th.n.)
Vinyl chlozid.
-y..r Inh.i.t. on
st. io- o p
d•.t
ret
rat
liver
lung
A/8 4E5 1
A/S 4E-S
(1 9E+0l
Maltoni et al
1980, 1981, U S
EPA, 1985b , ATSDR,
1988/Feron et al
1981, U S EPA.
1984, 1985a
V.,ifi.d. .v.il.bL. em 1*15
b 5 5 54 em CUSIL•-tOLOwtS .ztr.pol.tiom
CThsr. is in.d.qust. .vid.nc. for carcinog.nicity of this compound by th. oral rout.
dlncorporatea an abaorptiun factor of 0 4
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
Verified; Workgroup concurrence on final data file and IRIS input pending
8 Under review by CRAVE Workgroup
hValues removed from IRIS pending further review, new verified values are pending input into IRIS
iBasedon metabolized dose
B2 classification is for 2,3,7,8-TCDD alone Mixtures consisting of phenoxy herbicides and/or chlorophenols with 2.3,7,8-TCDD as a contaminant are classified as
81 carcinogens
kAunit risk of 5E-5 (jzg/ ) has been proposed by the Risk Assessment Forum and this recocisendation has been scheduled for SAB review
B -20
-------
HEALTh EFF Th ASSES TS S II4ARY TABLE B: CA INO ICITY
Llpdet.e: Septuither, 1990
-S1opa factor is for internal dose; &ithient concentration was caLculated by assuming an absorption factor of 541
mThe elope factor, while still available on IRIS, is beifl8 reconsidered by the CRAVE Workgroup
Thia value applies to the mixture of 2,4- and 2 ,6-dinitrotoluene isomers
°Baaed on results with 4-chloro-2-methylaniune hydrochloride
PAn absorption factor of 301 is used to calculate the unit, risk from the slope factor
qBssed on results with the alpha isomer
5 An absorption factor of 751 is used to calculate the unit risk from the slope factor
tCRAVEEPA group verified and available on IRIS; quantitative estimates, derived more recently than IRIS evaluation, have not been verified
UFOr EZRA activities only, contact Daniel Cruz of the Office of Solid Waste (FTS 382-4785 or (202)382-4785) for RCRA-approved numeric assessment for this compound
NA — Not applicable; ND — not determined
B-21
-------
USER’S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Table C summarizes the
cancer slope factors and unit risk values for selected
radionuclides of potential concern at Superfund sites contaminated
with radioactive materials. These values were calculated by the
Office of Radiation Programs (OR.P) and are intended for use by EPA
risk assessors during human health risk assessments conducted as
part of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) process. HEAST users should apply these values as
specified by the radiation risk assessment guidance provided in
this section and in Chapter 10 of the Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund; Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A
(EPA/540/1—89/002), which is available from the Center for
Environmental Research Information at (513) 569—7562. As risk
assessment methodologies are refined, slope factors and unit risk
values will be revised and updated in Table C.
EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A carcinogens based
on their property of emitting ionizing radiation and on the
extensive weight of evidence provided by epidemiological studies
of radiation-induced cancers in humans. Data derived from both
human studies and animal experiments are used by EPA to construct
mathematical models of exposure, dose, and risk to estimate
radionuclide slope factor values. These models consider pathways
of exposure, the distinct metabolic behavior of each element by
compound and the radiological characteristics of each nuclide of
C-i
-------
concern, the time and duration of exposure, the radiosensitivity
of each target organ in the body, the latency period for cancer
expression in these organs, and the age and sex of individuals in
the exposed population.
Similar to chemical risk models, radiation models extrapolate
cancer risks at low dose and dose rate exposures from risks
observed at higher doses using non-threshold, linear dose-response
relationships. Because of the radiation risk models employed,
slope factors for radionuclides are characterized as best estimates
(i.e., maximum likelihood estimates) of the age—averaged lifetime
total excess cancer risk per unit intake or exposure. HEAST users
should consult Volume I of the Background Information Document for
the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed NESHAPs for
Radionuclides (EPA 520/1—89—005) for a more detailed discussion
of EPA’s current radiation risk assessment methodology.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table C’ include
the following:
slope factor risk per unit intake or exposure — risk per
pci inhaled or ingested or as risk per year per pCi/rn 2 due to
external exposure.
Slope factors and risk estimates are reported in Table C in units
of activity, both in the customary units of picocuries (1 pC I.
io .12 curies (Ci) — 3.7xl0 2 nuclear transformations per second) for
consistency with the system used for radionuclides in the IRIS
database, and in the International System (SI) units of becquerels
(1 Bq — 1 nuclear transformation per second; approximately 27 pC i.).
Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in
either customary units or SI units with equivalent results,
provided that they also use air, water and soil concentration
values in the same system units. For simplicity, examples
presented in text are shown in picocuries only.
C-2
-------
pathway-specific unit risk risk per unit concentration in
air, drinking water or soil (external exposure) risk per
pCi/rn 3 (air), risk per pCi/L (water), risk per pCi/g (external
exposure), or risk pCi/g (soil ingestion).
Unit risk estimates for air, drinking water, and soil
ingestion pathways provided in Table C were calculated by
rnultiplying the appropriate inhalation and ingestion slope factors
by the inhalation rate (20 rn 3 /day), the water consumption rate
(2 L/day), or the soil ingestion rate, respectively, and by
multiplying all values by the total number of days in 70 years
(i.e., by the lifetime exposure 365 days/yr x 70 yrs 25,550
days). Hence,
risk per pci/rn 3 (air) slope factor (risk per pci
inhaled) x 20 rn/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/L (water) = slope factor (risk per pci
ingested) x 2 L/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/g (soil) slope factor (risk per pci
(soil ingestion) ingested) x ((0.2 g/day
x 1,825 days) + (0.1 g/day
x 23,360 days)]
The designations “D”, “W”, and “1” presented under the heading
“ICR? Lung Class” in Table C refer to the lung clearance times for
Soil, ingestion rates of 0.2 gram per day for children aged 1 year
through 6 years and 0.3. gram per day for older age groups were
taken from EPA’S Interim Final Guidance for Soil Ingestion Rates
(OSWER Directive 9850.4; January 27, 1989), available from the
Office of Waste Enforcement Programs at (202) 382-4814.
Accordingly, for lifetime exposures, an individual would be
expected to consume 365 grams of soil starting at age 1 to age 6
(i.e., 0.2 g/day x 365 days/year x 5 years), plus 2,336 grams after
age 6 to age 70 (i.e., 0.]. g/day x 365 days x 64 years) for a total
of approximately 2,700 grams.
C-3
-------
inhaled particulate radionuci ides expressed as days (D), weeks (W),
or years (Y), as recommended by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP). Gaseous radionuclides, e.g.,
Rn-222, are assigned to class “g”. “GI Absorption Factors, f 1 t ’ are
the fractional amounts of each radionuclide that may be absorbed
from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into blood following an oral
intake. The ICRP lung clearance rates and CI absorption factors
provided in Table C are default values used by the EPA to calculate
radionuclide slope factors for inhalation and ingestion exposures,
respectively. Application of values other than those specified in
Table C will result in slope factors and unit risk estimates
different from those provided in the table. At this time, EPA
recommends that risk assessors should not replace or substitute for
the default values listed.
Values listed in Table C for external exposure are best
estimates of the lifetime cancer risk due to the irradiation of an
individual exposed to gamma-emitting radionuclides uniformly mixed
in soil. Unit risk estimates for this pathway were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate ground surface slope factors by the
effective surface density of soil (i.e., 143 kg/m 2 — 0.10 m (soil
depth) x 1.43x10 3 kg/m’ (soil density)), and by multiplying all
values by 70 years (i.e., by the lifetime exposure). Hence,
risk per pCi/g (soil) — slope factor (risk per year
per FCi/m) x 143 kg/m
x 10 (g/kg) x 70 years
C-4
-------
External exposure factors Q DQ include contributions from
decay products, i.e., any radionuclides formed during radioactive
decay. In some cases, these contributions can be substantial and
should be factored into the risk calculations. For example, to
estimate the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to continuous,
lifetime external exposure to soil contaminated with Cs-l37 at a
level of 1 pCi/g, risk values must be calculated for Cs-137 and
Ba-137m in equilibrium concentrations of 1 pCi/g each (assuming
a uniformly mixed source in soil and using the values listed under
“External Exposure” in Table C as follows;
Total risk Risk from Cs-137 + Risk from Ba—137m
(pCi/g Cs-137 x Risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (pCi/g Ba-137a x Risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
= (3. pCi/g x O.OE+OO risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (1 pCi/g x 3.4E-04 risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
3.4 x 10 total lifetime excess cancer risk
This calculation must be performed in this manner because the
external exposure risk from Cs-137 is due to the photon radiation
emitted by Ba-137m, its immediate short-lived decay product. In
the same manner, the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to
continuous external exposure to soil contaminated with Ra-226 and
progeny (assuming secular equilibrium) should be calculated as the
summation of the risks contributed by Ra-226 and each decay product
that emits photon radiation, such as Pb-214 and Bi -214.
C-5
-------
To estimate risk—specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table C, the specified level of risk
is divided by the unit risk for air. Hence, the air concentration
(in pCi/ in 3 ) corresponding to a best estimate of the increased
lifetime cancer risk of 1x10 5 is calculated as follows:
1x10 5
pCi/in 3 in air ___________________________
unit risk in (pCi/m 3 ’
Similarly, to estimate risk—specific concentrations in water
and in soil (ingestion exposure), the specified level of risk is
divided by the unit risk for drinking water or soil ingestion.
Hence, the water concentration (in pCi/L) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of lxlO 5 is
calculated as follows:
1x 10 5
pCi/L in water — __________________________
unit risk in (pCi/LY’
and the soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of 1x10 5 is
calculated as follows:
pCi/g in soil lxlO
(ingestion exposure)
unit risk in (pCi/gY’
(soil ingestion)
C-6
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in soil from the unit
risk from external exposure as presented in Table C, the specified
level of risk is divided by the unit risk for soil. Hence, the
soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best estimate of
the increased lifetime cancer risk of 1x10 5 is calculated as
follows:
pCi/g in soil 1x10 5
(external exposure) —
unit risk in (pCi/g) 1
(external exposure)
C-7
-------
ALT1 (FIECTI ASS(SS IIT SIJS Y TML( C: 1 DI0SIJCLI0E CMCINO UICITT (Ispressed in picocuries (pCi))
S1 e F tos
P.thwmy- cific (kilt lick
ucl1de
icip
L
Class
ci
sog -pti i
Factor (fe)
Age-.veraged lifetime excess
cancer risk per ixilt intake
exposure
total
or
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per is it daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
lr*i.li,tion In lesSlon
( j) (XI)
Grot, id
Surf.ce
(yr/(pC i/d))
Air
(pCiFd)
Orir* ing External
Veter E xposur
c i /L) (r i/g)
Soil
Ingestion
(pCi/g)’
Ac-flS
Ac -227
Ac-2 28
Y
Y
T
1. 0 103
1.01-03
1.0 1-03
2.4(09 1.7 ! 11
8.31-05 331-10
2.61-11 5.11-13
9.4(13
1.31-16
5.11-It
l.2E03
4.21-02
1.31-05
8.7t07 9.41-06
1.8E-05 1.31-07
2.61-08 5.11-04
6.61-08
931-0?
1.41- 9
Pa-24 1
Am-263
U
I I
1.01-03
1.01-03
4.01-08 3.11-10
6.01-05 3.01-10
1.6 (12
3.61-12
2.11-02
1.61-03 1.6 1-05
1.51-05 3.61-05
8.61-07
8.11-0?
At-217
0
9.51-01
3.61-17 4.5 1-18
1.41-14
2.91-11
2.31-13 1.41-07
s. -isia
D
1.0(01
6.01-16 2.41 -15
3.41-11
3.01-10
1.2 (10 3.41-04
631-12
81-210
81-211
81-212
Sl-213
Si-214
U
U
U
U
w
5.01-02
5.01-02
5.01-02
5.01-02
5.01-02
8.11-11 1.9(12
1.91-13 1.21-14
6.91-12 3.61-13
3.2113 2.3 (13
2.21-12 1.41-13
0.01.00
2.81-12
1.01-11
8.1(12
8.01-11
4.11-05
9.71-08
3.51-06
1.61-07
1.11 -06
9.71-08 0.01.00
6.11-10 2.61-05
1.81-08 1.01-04
1.21-08 8.11-05
7.21-09 5.01-04
5.1 1-09
3.21-11
9.71-10
6.21-10
3.51-10
C-I l
g
9.51-01
6.41-13 9.11-13
0.01+00
3.21-09
4.11-08 0.01.00
231-09
Ce-1
T
3.01-04
3.41-10 6.1112
1.21-12
17 (-04
3.01-07 1.21-05
1.61-08
Ca-243
C -264
ii
V
1.01-03
1.01-03
3. 1 1 -08 2.31-10
2.71-08 2.01-10
8.21-12
5.81-14
1.61-02
1.41-02
1.21-OS 8.21-05
1.0€-OS 5.91-07
6.21-07
S.4E-07
Co-60
Y
3.01-01
1.61-10 1.51-11
1.31-10
8 . 11-05
7.8€-OF 1.31-03
4.11-05
C- 8
-------
*lTI EFFECTS ASS1S UT 9J! MY TM(E C: DI(1 5JCLID( CARCIU0( NICITY (Expressed in picocurles (TI))
Sl F.ctor
P.thi.y- ecif Ic (Mit lick
kuct ide
a
(CR9
Lun
Class
—
Cl
Absorption
Factor (fe)
Aqe-.ver.ged lifetime excess
cancer risk per u 1t intake
exposure
totsi
or
Aqe.ver.ged lifetime excess tot.t
cancer risk per u,iit daily Intake
or exposure for 70 years
Air
(PCI/I)’
0rIr*in External
Water 1xposur
(pCi/L 1 (pC I/Q)
Soil
Ingestion
(pCi Q) 1
Iri.l 1 tion Inges Ion
(PCI) (PCI)
Croi, d
Surface
(yr/(pCiIuI’))’
Cr-SI
V
1.01-01
3.01-13 4.2E-1#.
1.91-12
1.51-07
2.11-09 1.9 1-03
1.11-10
r.-13 a.
.-135
: a-137
0
0
0
9.51-01
9.51-01
9.31-01
2.61-Il 4.21-11
2.71-12 4.0 1-12
1.91-11 2.8111
8.9 1-11
0.01.00
0.01.00
1.41-05
1.41-06
9.6 1-06
2.11-06 8.91-04
2.11-07 0.01 +00
1.41-06 0.01+00
1.11-07
1.11-08
7.6 (08
u-I 52
Iu- 1 54
V
U
1.01-02
1.01-02
1.21-08 2.11-12
1.41-10 3.01-12
6.3 1-11
6.01-11
6.11-03
7.2 1-05
1.11-07 6.31-04
1.51-07 6.81-04
3.11-09
8.11-09
Fa’- 59
V
1.01-01
9.01-12 2.01-12
6.21-11
4.91-06
1.41-07 6.31-04
7.61-09
xr.flI
0
9.31-01
9.21-13 5.91-14
1.91-12
4.11-07
3.01-09 1.91-05
1.61-10
1-3
I
9.51-01
7.01-14 5.31-14
0.01.00
4.01-08
2.81-09 0.01.00
1.51-10
1-125
(-129
1-131
1-133
0
0
0
0
9.51-01
9.51-01
9.51-01
9.31-01
1. 7 1-Il 2.61-11
1.21-10 1.91-10
2.41-11 3.6111
1.21-11 2.11-11
1.11-12
1.31-12
2.91-11
3.51-11
8.11-06
6.11-05
1.21-05
6.11-06
1.31-06 1.7105
9.61-06 1.31-05
1.01-06 2.91-04
1.11-06 3.51-04
7.01-08
3.11-07
9.71-08
5.71-06
-4O
0
9.51-01
7.61-12 1.11-11
7.0112
4.01-06
5.11-07 7 . 8 1-05
3.01-08
i - 54
U
10E-01
3.31-12 1.11-12
6 . 1 1-1 1
2.6E 06
5.11-08 6.61-06
3.01-09
SSo-99
V
8.0101
2.61-12 1.7112
9.01-12
1.31-06
871-08 8.9 105
4.61-09
C- 9
-------
UUUU EFFECtS ASSESSNINT g.MsAiY 1*8(1 C: IADICSPJCLIDE CA*CIN0( UICITY (Expressed in picocuries (pCi))
Slope Factor
Petin.y-Specific Ihit lick
Puclide
ICRP
Lw g
Cless
c 1
Absorption
Factor (fg)
Age-sver.ged lifetime excess
cancer risk per ia it Intake
exposure
total
or
Age-evereged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per u it daily Intake
or exposure for 70 veers
Air
(pCifM’)’
Drinking External
Water Exposure
(pCI/L) t (pCi/g)
Soil
ingestion
(pc i / I)
Ithel at ion Ingestion
( pCi) (pCI)’
Groi.tid
Surface
(yr/(pCiIuIl’))’
Nb-94
1
1.01-02
2.11-10 2.11-12
6.9 1-li
1.11-04
1.11-07 8.91-04
5.71-09
11-39
1143
1 1-43
W
V
w
S. O l-O2
301-02
3. 0 1 -02
6.91-13 8.71-14
1.1 1-12 2.31-13
1.91-IS 2.61-IS
3.41-16
0.01.00
2. 0 1-lI
3.51-07
6.71-07
9.71-08
4.41-09 3.41-07
. 1.2 (08 0.01.00
1.31-08 2.61-04
2.3 1- 10
6.21-10
7.01-10
-fl7
i -fl9
V
V
IN- O S
1. 1 1-03
3. 6 1-OS 2.7 1- 10
-fl 9 . 31-I)
1.8112
Il l-Il
1.61-02
7.7 1-07
1.41-05 1.6 1-05
4.61-08 1.11-04
7.31-07
2.51-09
p- i ?
p
$ -p 1
3.0 1-fl 3.51 -I ?
0.01.00
1.31 06
1.61-07 0.01.00
9.51-09
Pa-ni
P a-fl)
P.234
P.-234.
v
1
1
t
1. 1 1-03
1.01-03
1.01-OS
1.01-03
4.01-OS 1.91-10
8.71-12 1.0112
5.41-13 6.01-13
1.61-15 5.01-15
2.01-12
1.3(11
1.11-10
6.41-13
2.01-02
4.4 106
2.81-07
6.21-10
9.71-06 2.0105
5.11-06 1.31-04
3.51-06 1.11-03
3.01-10 6.41-06
3.11-07
2.71-09
1.01-09
1.6€-lI
Pb-209
Pb-210
Pb-21 1
Pb-21 2
Pb-214
0
0
0
0
0
2.0101
2.0101
2.01-01
2.01-01
2 .01-01
7.01-14 6.51-16
1.71-09 6.51-10
2.91-12 1.01-13
4.71-11 7.2E 12
2.91-12 1.01-13
0.01.00
1.61-13
2.91-12
9.21-12
1.51-11
3.6 1-08
87 1-06
1.31-06
2.4105
1.51-06
4.31-09 0.01.00
34 1-05 1.01-06
9.21-09 29 1-05
3.71-07 9.2 1-05
9.21-09 1.51-06
2.31-10
1.61-06
69 1-W
1.91-08
4.91-10
Po- ?10
Po-212
Po-213
Po-2 14
Po-215
U
U
11
II
V
1.01-01
1.0101
1.01-01
i.0101
1.01-01
2.71-09 2.6 1-10
6.11-22 2.21-23
8.01-21 3.21-22
2.61-19 1.01-20
5.71-18 2.61-19
4.61-16
0.01.00
1.71-15
4.7 115
6.71-15
1.41-06
3.11-16
4. 1 1-15
L4 1-13
2.91-12
1.31-05 4.61-09
1.11-16 0.01.00
16 1-17 IJE-08
5.11-16 6J 1-06
1.41-14 6.71-08
7.0 1-07
5.91-20
8.61-19
tat-iT
7.61-16
C— 10
-------
01ALTU UFIC S ASS(S NT JI MT SABLE C: 1ffiOt0SP 1lO€ CMCIN0 UICITT ((epressed in picoctaies (pCi))
Slope factor
P.thway-Spec lf I c (Mit lick
Age-svers ed lifetiuue excess
totsi
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
1,111
intake
cancer risk per tr it intake
or
cancer per
daily
for 70
ICIP
Gi
exposure
or exposure
years
Drinking External
Soil
Ingest ion
Crouid
Nuelide
Ltng
Class
Absorpt Ion
Factor (fe)
lr6i.t at ion Ingestion
(pCi)’ (pC I)’
Surface
(yrl( p CiFI))’
Air
(pci/I)’
Water eposure
(pCi/L) 1 (pci/a)’
(pci/a)’
Pu-736
V
1.01-03
4.21-08 2.81-10
6.11-14
2.11-02
1.4 1-05 5.91-07
2.61-07
7.61-07
8.4 106
Pu -Zn
V
1.01-04
4.11-08 3.11-11
2.61-16
2.61-02
1.61-06
5.91-07
8.41-08
Pv- 240
V
1.01-04
4.11-08 3.11-11
5.9114
2.11-02
1.61-06
1.31-08
Pv 24i
i
1.01 03
2.01- 10 4.01-12
0.01.00
131-04
2.51-07
4.81-07
8.11-08
Pw- 24l
V
1.0104
3. 0 1-0 8 3.0 1-Il
4.9 1-l I.
2.11-02
1.51-06
l.a’ s
V
2.01-SI
3 11-09 8.0(11
8. 4 1-I ?
1.61-03
4.11-08 6.41-05
6.21-06
2.21-07
1.31-07
ls-Z? 4
V
i_-SI
1.71-09 4.61-Il
6. 2 1-I)
6.11-04
231-06
6.01-06
1.61-07
a•-flS
V
l.- OI
1.61-09 6.6 1-11
8.01-13
8.21-06
3.41-06
6.1 106
3.210T
..-n6
V
2.R- OI
3.01-09 1.21-tO
4 . 7 1-I )
131-03
6.11-06
5.6 1-13
2.71-07
(cR6
V
2.01-01
6.51-10 1.01-10
341-20
3.41-04
3 . 11-06
3.5 (05
“
ln-219
•
--
4.61- 16 - -
5. 3€-I?
2.61-08
- -
3.0 107
“
In-no
•
1.2113 --
L0E14
6 .1(08
-
2.21-07
--
In-???
S
“
7.71-13 --
2.21- 16
3.71-07
- -
lu-106
Y
5.01-02
4.41-10 9.61-12
0.01.00
2.31-04
4.91-07 0.01.00
2.61-06
3-35
0
6.01-01
1.91-13 2.21-13
0.01.00
9.61-06
1.11-06 0.01.00
5.91-10
Sr- 69
0
3.01-01
2.91-12 3.01-12
7.01-13
131-06
1.51-07 7.81-08
0.01.00
8.11-09
6.91-08
Sr-90
0
3.01-01
5.61-11 3.31-11
0.01.00
2.81-05
1.71-06
Tc-89
U
8.01-01
8.31-12 1.31-12
3.41-17
4.21-06
661-06 3.41-10
8.21-05
3.31-09
1.41-10
Tc-99 .
U
8.01-01
2.71-14 5.11-14
8. IE-12
1.41-08
261-09
C-I I
-------
AL11 (FIECTS ASSESSMENT 9JW.*T 1*811 C: I*OIOSSJCLIO( CMCIWO(WNICITT (x-asasd In pIc -Ias (PCi))
S1oç e factor
PstPe y- ecif I c iMit tisk
Aqe-.ver.ged lifetime excess total
Age-averaged lifetime escess total
cancer risk per tml t intake or
cancer risk per s It daily intake
ictp
c 1
exposure
or exposure for 70 year.
Drinking E xtern.1
Soil
Grotuid
uclide
Ltuig
Cl . ..
Absorption
Factor (fg)
Irth.1.t ion ingestion Surf ace
( pCi)’ (PCi) ’ (yrl(pCi/d))’
Air
(pCI /dY’
Water Exposure
(pCi/L)’ (pCI/g)’
Ingestion
(pCI/g) 1
1 h Z ??
T
2.01-04
4.91-09 4.61-12 6.6 1-12
231-03
2.51-07 6.6106
1.31-06
Th-228
I
2.0(-0
7.7E 08 1.31-11 1.61-13
3.91-02
7.71-07 1.61-06
4.11-08
Th-229
I
201-04
7.71-08 3.91-11 5.81-12
3.91-02
2.01-06 5.81 05
1.11-07
Th-?30
1
2.0(04
3.11-08 2.41-11 3.91-16
1.61-02
1.21-06 5.91-07
6.51-08
Th-231
1
2.01-04
4.91-13 4.01-13 1.11-12
2.51-07
2.01-08 1.11-OS
1.11-09
Th-232
1
2.01-04
3.11-08 2.21-11 4.61-14
1.61-02
1.11-06 4.31-07
5.91-08
IIi-234
1
2.01-04
3.2 1-lI 4.01-12 3.61-13
1 .6 1-05
2.01-07 5.61-06
1.11-08
11-201
0
9.31-01
4.31-15 1.31-14 1.21-13
2.31-09
6.61-10 1.21-06
3.31-11
11-208
0
9.31-01
3.11-15 181-14 1.71-10
2.61-09
9.21-10 1.71-03
4.91-fl
11-209
0
9.31-01
4.31-15 1.41-14 1.11-10
2.21-09
7.21-10 1.11-03
3.6 1-Il
u-Z33
U-234
u-23 3
U-238
1
1
1
1
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.71-06 1.41-10 3.21-14
2.71-08 1.41-10 3.71-14
2.51-08 1.31-10 9.61-12
2 (.1-08 1.31-10 4.61-14
1.41-02
1.41-02
1.31-02
1.21-02
721-06 3.21-07
7.21-06 5.61-07
6.61-06 9.71-05
6.61-06 4.51-07
3.61-07
3.61-07
3.31-07
3.51-07
s-co
y
1.01-04
3.31-12 3.2 1 12 0.01.00
2.6106
1.61-07 00(4O0
8.6109
a picacuri. is a silt of .ctlvity .qi.1 to 3.71-02 ,x,c le.r tr.nsformetiorm per second: I pci m 1.01-12 curie. (Ci) • 3.71-02 bec jere1s (Sq).
tia g cIe.r.nce c1.ssificati r.c udsd by the international Comeission on ladlological Protection (ICRP); ‘O (days) W (weekS) •y (yesre) g (gas).
G.strolnteetinsl (61) absorptIon factor. 1 I.e 1 fractional ..q,teke of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
C- 12
-------
IEALT8 IHECTS A3S€SS UT JSSMT TAStE C: IADIOMJCLIOE CASCINOCENICI TI (E ipressed in Rec rels (Sq))
Slope Factor
P.t1is y-SpecIffc (kdt lick
luc(fd
S.
1C*P
Ltxig
Class
SI
Absorption
Factor (fg)
Age-averaged lifetime excess
cancer risk per i,iit Intake
exposule
total
or
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per whit daily Intake
or exposure for 70 years
AIr
(Bq/d)
OrIn kIng Externsl
Water Exposure
(Sq/L) (Pqfg)
Soft
Ingest ion
( Sq/g1
urthsl 1 at Ion Ingest Ion
(Sq) ( Sq) ’
Grouid
Surface
(yrl( lqFd))’
Ac-225
Ac-227
c-22S
Y
Y
1
1.01-03
1.01-03
1.01-03
6.51-08 4.61-10
2.21-06 9.51-09
7.01-10 1.4 1-Il
2.51-11
3.51-13
1AE-09
3.3 1-02
1.11 .00
3.6106
2.3€-OS 2.51-04
491-04 3.51-06
7.01-07 1.41-02
1.21-06
2.6 1-05
3.7E-O8
.-241
P .243
U
V
1.01-03
1.01-03
1.11-06 8.41-09
1.11-06 6.11-09
4.3 1-11
971-11
5.61-01
5.61-01
4.31-04 4.31-06
4.11-06 9.71-04
2.3 1-05
2.21-OS
At-217
0
9.51-01
1.51-15 1.21-16
3.81-13
7.7E-10
6.21-12 3.81-06
3.31-13
la-1371
0
1.01-01
1.61-14 6.51-14
9.21-10
L2 1-O9
3.31-09 9.21-03
1.81-10
1 1-210
Si-211
11-212
11-213
01-214
V
V
V
V
V
5.01-02
5.01-02
5.01-02
5.01-02
5.01-02
2.21-09 5.11-11
5.11-12 3.21-13
1.91-10 9.71-12
8.61-12 6.21-12
5.91-11 3.61-12
0.01.00
7. 6 1-11
2.71-10
2.21-10
2.21-09
1.11-03
2.61-06
9.51-05
4.31-06
3.31-05
2.61-06 0.01.00
1.6 1-0 8 7.61-04
4.91-07 2.71-03
3.21-07 2.21-03
1.91-07 2.21-02
1.41-07
8.61-10
2.6€-OS
1.71-08
1.01-08
C-14
p
9.51-01
1.71-13 2.51-11
0.01.00
6.71-08
1.31-06 0.01.00
6.81-OS
ce-lu
T
3.01-04
9.21-09 1.61-10
3.21-11
4.71-03
8.21-06 3.21-04
4.31-07
-243
t.-244
V
V
1.01-03
1.01-03
8.41-07 6.21-09
7.31-07 5.41-09
2.21-10
1.61-12
4.31-01
3.71-01
3 11-04 2.21-03
2.61-04 1.6 1-05
1.71-OS
1.51-05
Co-60
Y
3.01-01
4.3-09 4.11-10
3.51-09
2.21-03
2.11-05 3.31-02
1.11-06
C- 13
-------
WMII EIFEC S ASS(SSI U1 J A 1T TMLE C: 1ADI JQ. ID E CARClU UICl IT (Espressed in 8ecquerels (lq))
Sl e Factor
Pathway-Specific Uiit lick
lucilde
ictp
Liiig
Class
c 1
Absorption
Factor (f 1 )
Age-averaged lifetime excess
cancer risk per ta it intake
exposure
total
or
Age-averaged lifetime eacess total
cancer risk per u it deity intake
or exposure for 70 years
Air
( laid)
Drinking External
Water Exposure
(BqIL) (Sq/a)’
Soil
Ingest ion
(BaJg) 1
Irthatat Ion Inget ion
(Rq)
Groud
Surface
(yrl(BQJd))
Cr-SI
T
1.01-01
6.11-12 1.11-12
5.11-11
4.11-06
5.61-08 3.11-04
3.01-09
Cs- 134
C. 13 5
C137
0
D
0
9.51-01
9.51-01
9.5 10 1
7.6110 1.11-09
731-11 1.11-10
5.1110 7.61 10
2.41-09
0.01.00
0.01.00
3.91-04
3.71-05
2.6 1-04
3.61-03 2 .41-02
5.61-06 0.01.00
3.91-05 001.00
301-06
3.01-07
2.11-06
Eu-I5Z
Eu- 154
U
V
1.01-02
1.01-02
3.21-07 57 1-11
3.61-09 8.11-11
1.71-09
1.61-09
1.71-01
1.91-03
2.91-06 1.11-02
4.11-06 161-02
151-07
2.21-07
ce- 39
V
1.01-01
2 . 6 1-10 7.6 1-lI
1.71-09
1.3 1-04
3.91-06 1.71-02
2.11-07
Fr-fl
0
9.31-01
2.31-lI 1.61-12
5.1 1-11
1.3€-OS
6.11-08 5.11-04
431-09
5-3
q
951-01
2.11-12 1.51-12
O.0 1•00
1.11-06
7.11-08 0.01.00
4.11-09
1-125
1-129
1-131
1-133
0
0
0
0
9.51-01
9.51-01
9.31-01
9.5 101
4.61-10 7.01-10
3.2109 5.1 109
6.31-10 9.71-10
3.21-10 3.11-10
4.61-11
4.11-11
7.61-10
9.51-10
2.31-04
1.61-03
3.31-04
1.71-04
3 6 1-05 4.61-04
2.61-04 4.11-04
5.0 1-05 7.61-03
2.9 1-05 9.51-03
I 9€- o
1. 1. 1-OS
2.61-06
151-06
-40
0
9.51-01
2.11-10 301-10
2.11-10
111-04
1.51-05 2.11-03
6.11-07
Il’ -S4
V
1.01-01
1.41-10 3.0 1-11
1.31-09
7.21-0 5
1.51-06 1.31-02
811-08
No-9,
‘1
8.01-01
70(-11 46€-11
2A 1-10
3.6 1-05
2A 1-06 2.1.1-03
121-07
C- 14
-------
01*178 LIFICIS AS S UT JII5IT 7*81.1 C: N*DIOSNJCLIO( CMCIN0i NIClTT (r pressed in Ieupjrrets (Sq))
S1 factor
P.thw.v-Specif Ic Ikdt Nisk
*xl I
a
ICIP
tir g
Class
—
I
Absorption
Factor (F 1 )
Age-sveraged Iifeti.e exceu
cav er rIuk per ailt Intake
exposiwe
total
or
Age-svereged lifetl.e excess totsi
cancer risk per u it daily Intake
or exposure for 70 years
Air
( S qJd) 1
Drin&ing External
Water (sposufe
(Sq/L) (BqIg)’
Soil
Ingestion
( Sq/g)
I,* .l.t1 o n Ingestion
(Sq) 1 (Sq)
Groirud
S -f.ce
(yr/(Bq/d))’
Nb-94
7
1.01-02
5.71-09 5.71-11
2A 1-09
2.91-03
2.91-06 2.41-02
1.31-07
11-59
11-63
41-65
V
U
V
5.01-02
5.01 -02
5.01-02
1.91-11 2.f.E- 12
4.6(11 6.21-12
5.11-12 7.01-12
9.21-13
0.01.00
7.61-10
9.51-06
2.31-05
2.61-06
1.21-07 9.21-06
3.2107 0.01.00
3.61-07 1.61 -03
6.41-09
1.71-08
1.91-08
N p-fl?
Ip-239
V
V
1.01-03
1.01-03
9.71-07 7.31-09
4.11-11 2.5111
6.91-11
3.0110
5.01-01
2.1(05
3.71-06 4.91-04
1.31-06 3.0(03
2.01-05
6.8 108
P-32
0
8.01-01
8.11-11 9.51-11
0.01+00
6.11-03
4.91-06 0.01.00
2.61-07
•.-231
‘.233
•.-234
.-234.
7
7
7
7
1.01-03
1.01-03
1.01-03
1.01-03
1.11-06 5.11-09
2.41-10 2.71-11
1.5 (11 1. 5 1-1 1
4.31-14 1.61-13
5.4 1- 51
3.5E-10
3.01-09
1.71-11
5.51-01
1.21-04
7.51-06
2.21-08
2.61-06 5.41-04
1.41-06 3.51-03
9.41-07 3.01-02
8.01-09 1 .7 1-04
1.41-05
7.31-08
5.01-08
4.21-10
*-209
Pb-210
Pb-211
Pb-212
°b-214
0
0
0
0
0
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
1.91-12 2.31-12
4.61-08 1.51 -08
7.01-11 4.91-12
1.31-09 1.91-10
7.01-11 4.91-12
0.01.00
4.91-12
7.01-11
231-10
4.21-10
9.71-07
2.41-02
4.01-05
6.51-06
4.01-05
1.21-07 0.01.00
9.21-04 4.9105
2.51-07 7.81-04
9.91-06 2.51-03
2.51-07 4.21-03
6.21-09
4.91-05
1.31-08
5.31-07
1.31-08
Po-210
• -212
Po-213
Po-214
Po-215
U
V
V
II
U
1.01-01
1.01-01
1.01-01
1.01-01
1.01-01
7.31-11 7.01-09
i .6€20 5.9122
2.2119 8.6121
7.61-18 2.7119
1.5(16 7.6(18
1.31-14
001400
6.61-14
131-13
2.4E 13
37 (-05
8.4115
1.11-13
3.91-12
7.9111
3.61-04 1.31-07
3.0117 0.01.00
4.41-16 4.6(07
1.41-14 1.3(06
3.9113 2.4(06
1.91-05
1.6 (18
2.3 (17
7.31-16
2.0t16
C—15
-------
ItALT1 L I FECT$ US1S UT JIiMY T U C: 1? I 1J LID€ CMCINOGEUICIIY (Expressed in Secq.iei-els (Bq))
Slope Factor
P.thmey-Specif Ic IMIt list
luclide
IClp
L i g
Class
GI
Absorption
Factor if 1 )
Age-.vsr.ged lifetime excess
csncer fisk per u It intake
exposure
totsi
or
Age-averaged lifetime excels total
cencer risk per siit delly intake
or exposure for 70 ysere
us’thatation Ingestion
(Bq)’ (Bq)
Groiuid
Surface
(yr/(BqJu )) 1
Air
(Bald)’
Drinking E*terr l
Veter Exposure
( lo /L) 1 ( Bq/g)
Soil
Ingestion
(Bq/g)
Pu-23$
Pu -239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu -242
Y
Y
1
1
1
1.01-03
1.0(0’.
1.O(-0 .
1.01-03
1.01-0’.
1.11-06 7.6109
1.11-06 8.4110
1.11-06 8.41-10
7.01-09 1.31-10
1.11-06 8.11-10
1.61-12
7.01-13
1.61-12
0.01.00
1.31-12
S 61-01
5.61-01
5.61-01
4.01-03
5.61-01
3.91-06 1.61-05
4.31-05 7.01-06
4.31-05 1.61-05
6.61-06 0.01.00
4.11-05 1.31-05
2.11-05
2.31-06
2.31-06
3.51-07
2.21-06
ls -2?3
1.224
1.225
Ia-226
la-ZZ8
V
V
V
V
V
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
2.01-01
8.41-08 2.21-09
3.21 -08 1.31-09
4.3 108 1. 6 109
8.11-08 32 109
1.81-06 2.71-09
2.31-10
1.7E-11
2.2111
1.1111
1.51-18
4.31-02
1.71-02
2.21-02
4.11-02
9.21-03
1.11-04 2.31-03
6.6 1-05 1.71-04
9.1 105 2.2 104
1.61-04 1.11-04
1.41-04 1.51-1 1
5.61-06
3.51-06
4.8(06
6.61-06
7.31-06
ln-219
In-222
•
p
p
--
•-
121-12 .-
L2 1-1? -.
1.91-11
9. 5 1-lI
8.11-13
59113
6.41-07
1.71-06
99 106
- . 931-04
-- 6.11-06
-- 6.0(06
..
--
“
lu-106
1
5.0 102
1.2108 2.6110
0.0L O0
6.11-03
1.3105 0.01.00
7.0(07
5-35
0
8.01-01
5.1112 5.91-12
00E.00
2.61-06
3.01-0? 0.01.00
1.6 1-08
Sr-89
Sr-90
0
0
3.0 10 1
3.01-01
7.01-11 8.1111
1.51-09 8.91-10
2.11-13
0.01.00
4.0 105
7.71-04
4.11-06 2.11-06
4 5 -i 5 0.01.00
2.2 (07
2 E-06
Tc-99
Ic-99 m
V
V
8.01-01
B 01-01
22 110 331-11
7.31-13 1.6112
9.21-16
221-10
111-06
3J 1-0?
1.01-06 9.21-09
7.21-08 2.21-03
9.51-08
3.BE-09
C-lb
-------
.*LTI UFICTS ASS€SSI UT SIJR% T TARLE C: UDUJR LIO€ CARCI UICITY (Fipressed in Sea tierel. (Sq))
Slope Factor
P.thi..y- ecltic (kilt Risk
Age-.ver.qed lifetime escess
total
Age-evereged lifetime . cesa total
risk
i.,iit daily intake
cancer risk per u it intake
or
cancer
per
for 70
ICRP
C I
exposure
or exposure
years
Groi,xi
Drinking Liternat
Exposure
Soil
Ingestion
Nuci ide
Lisig
Class
*Morpt ion
Factor (f 1 )
Irthel at ion Ingest ion
(Bq)’ (Sq)
Surface
(yr/(eqfd))’
r
(BqJd) 1
(BaJL) (Bqfg)’
(Bq/g)
Th-227
V
2.O E-04
1.iE-O7 1.3€-lO
L8E-1O
6.6E- 02
6. 6€-06 1. E-O3
4.3€ 0 5
3.5E. OT
1.IE- 06
Th-2?8
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2.O(-O1.
2.IE-06 4.IE-l0
43€-12
ilE.OO
2.1€-OS
l.6E-03
2.6€ 06
th-fl9
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2.0(-04
21(-06 1.IE-09
1.6€-lO
1.iE.OO
5.4€-OS
1.6€-OS
1.8E06
Th-230
V
2.O(- 04
8. E-07 6.5 (10
1.6€-12
4.3€-Ol
3.O(- 04
2.9E- 08
Th-231
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2.O(04
1.3€- Il 1. 1€-li
3.0€-li
6.6E-06
53€-OT
1.2€-OS
1.6€-O6
th-232
V
2.0 E-O .
e. ’E-07 59-1O
l.2E-12
4.3E-O1
3.0€-OS
l.5E-04
2.9E-O7
Ih-234
V
2.0E- 04
6.6€-b 1.1€-lO
1.5€-il
4.4E-06
S.5E- 06
Tl-207
0
9.SE-01
l.2€-13 3. SE-l3
3.2E-12
62€-OR
1.6€-OR 3.2€-OS
4. 6E-02
95E -1 0
1.3E- 09
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0
9.5€-Ol
1.4E-13 4.9€-l3
4.6E- 09
7.0€-OR
2.5€-OR
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0
9.SE-01
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3.0(-09
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u-rn
V
2.0€-Ol
7.3€-0? 3.RE-09
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3.7€-Ol
i.9€-0 L7E-06
1.5€-OS
1.0€-OS
1.0€-OS
U-234
V
2.0€-Ol
7.3€-OT 3.6E- 09
1.SE- 12
3.TE-Oi
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2.6€03
9. SE-06
u-23 5
V
20E-01
6.8 E-07 3. SE- 09
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1.2105
9.SE- 06
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2.0€-Ol
6.5E-O7 3.SE- 09
l.2€- 12
3.3E-O1
1.8E-04
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I.Ot-04
1. 5€-lO 6.6€- il
O.0(.O0
7.6€-OS
4 I.E-OS O.0E .OO
23E-O?
a Sec jeret is a ti lt of activity eopal to one nuclear transformetion per second: I Bq • 27€-Il curies (Ci) 27.027 picocurlel (xi).
Lsi g clearance classifications rec . .Jvd by the International Convuission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); ‘ (days). “W’ (weeks) Y (years). g (gas).
gastrointestinal (CU) .bsorption factors. i.e.. fractional içtake of a redlonuclide from the gut into blood.
c-i 7
S
-------
REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS
Acenaphthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic study with acenaphthene.
Study conducted by Hazelton Laboratories, Inc. for the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acenaphthyl ene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Inforina—
tion; unpublished data. MRID No. 40504819.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Acephate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Reference Dose (RfD) for Oral Exposure for Acephate. Online.
(Verification date 01/18/89.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ—
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Ninety-day gavage study in albino rats using
acetone. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1986b)
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Acetone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D- 1
-------
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone cyanohydrin
Blank, T.L. and D.C. Thake. 1984. Three—Month Inhalation Toxicity
of Acetone Cyanohydrin in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Monsanto Report Nop. MSL-4423. TSCA 8(d) submission 878216397
(0TS0510325)
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agric. Food Chem. 3:
325—329. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985a)
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cyanide.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Acetone Cyanohydrin. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Acetonitrile
Coate, W.B. 1983. 90-Day subchronic toxicity study of aceto—
nitrile in 36C3F1 mice. Final Report (revised). Submitted to
National Toxicology Program by Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acetonitrile.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):
Online. (RfD) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetophenone
Imasheva, N.B. 1966. Threshold concentrations of acetophenone
during short- and long-term inhalation. In: AICE Survey of USSR
Air Pollution Literature, VIII, 1971, A compilation of technical
reports of the biological effect and th. public health aspects of
atmospheric pollutants, M.Y. Nuttonson, Ed. p. 79—93.
Hagan, E.C., W.H. Hansen, D.C. Fitzhugh, et al. 1967. Food
flavorings and compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and
chronic toxicity. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 5(2): 141—157.
D- 2
-------
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acetophenone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrolein
Costa, D.L., R.S. Kutzinan, J.R. Lehmann and R.T. Drew. 1986.
Altered lung function and structure in the rat after subchronic
exposure to acrolein. Am. Respir. Dis. 133(2): 286—291.
Kutzman, R.S. 1981. A subchronic inhalation study of Fischer 344
rats exposed to 0, 0.4, 1.4 or 4.0 ppm acrolein. Brookhaven
National Laboratory, National Toxicology Program. Interagency
Agreement No. 222—Y01—ES—9—0043.
Kutzrnan, R.S., E.A. Popenoe, M. Schmaeler and R.T. Drew. 1985.
Changes in rat lung structure and composition as a result of
subchronic exposure to acrolein. Toxicology. 34: 139—151.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acrolein. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylamide
Burek, J.D., R.R. Albee, J.E. Beyer, et al. 1980. Subchronic
toxicity of toxicity of acrylamide administered to rats in the
drinking water followed by up to 144 days of recovery. J. Environ.
Pathol Toxicol. 4: 157—182.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Acrylamide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Ri.k Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylic acid
DePass L.R., M.D. Woodside, R.H. Garman and C.S. Weil. 1983.
Subchronic and reproductive toxicology studies on acrylic acid in
drinking water of the rat. Drug Chem. Toxico].. 6(1): 1-20.
0-3
-------
Miller, R.R., J.A. Ayres, G.C. Jersey and M.J. McKenna. 1981.
Inhalation toxicity of acrylic acid. Appi. Toxicol. 1(3):
271—277.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Acrylic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Adiponitri le
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Adiponitrile.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Alachior
Monsanto Company. 1984. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 255953.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Alachior. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Al di carb
Hazelton Labs. America, Inc. 1988. One-Year Chronic Oral Toxicity
Study in Beagle Dogs with Aldicarb Technical. Rhone-Poulenc Ag
Company. Study No. 400—706; May 31, 1988. MRID No. 40695901.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Aldrin
Fitzhugh, O.G., A.A. Nelson and M.L. Quaife. 1964. Chronic oral
toxicity of aidrin and dieldrin in rats and dogs. Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 2: 551—562.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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A llidochlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Allidochior. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Allyl alcohol
Carpanini, F.M.B., I.F. Gaunt, J. Hardy, et al. 1978. Short-term
toxicity of allyl alcohol in rats. Toxicology. 9: 29—45.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Allyl Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Allyl chloride (3-ChioroproDerle )
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).
1980. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances
in the Workroom Air, 4th ed. Concinnati, OH. p. 12.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Aluminum
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aluminum. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Aluminum phosphide
Hackenburg, U. 1972. Chronic ingestion by rats of standard diet
treated with aluminum phosphide. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
23(1): 147—158.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ametrvn
Ciba-Geigy. 1961. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. MRID No. 00034843.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ametryn. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
l-Amino-2-na hthol and i-kmino-2-naDhtol hydrochloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
l-Axnino-2-naphtol and 1-Ainino-2-naphtol hydrochloride. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-AminoDhenol
Re, T.A., R.F. Loehr, S.C. Rodriguez, et al. 1984. Results of
teratogenicity testing of m-aminophenol in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Fund. Appi. Toxicol. 4: 98-104.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Aininophenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
o—Aminophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Aininophenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
p-Aminophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Aminophenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4-Aminopyridine
Kohn, F.E. 1968. Four-week Subacute Oral Toxicity of Compound
1861 Hydrochloride -- Albino Rats. (Unpublished study). Prepared
by Industrial Biotest Laboratories, Inc. under 224-12. Submitted
by Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, OK. CDL: 229844-E.
(Cited in U.S. EPA, 1980)
U.S. EPA. 1980. 4 Aininopyridine. Avitrol Pesticide Registration
Standard. OPTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. NTIS PB84-209907.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
4-Aminopyridine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
ammonia
Campbell, C.L., R.K. Dawes, S. Deolalkar and M.C. Merritt. 1958.
Effect of certain chemicals in water on the flavor of brewed
coffee. Food Res. 23: 575—579. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1981)
D- 6
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Carson, B.L., C.M. Beau, N.y. Ellis, III and L.H. Baker. 1981.
Ammonia Health Effects. Prepared by Midwest Research Institute for
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control, Emission Control
Technology Division, U.S. EPA, Ann Arbor, MI. EPA 460/3-81-027.
U.S. EPA. 1981. Ambient Water Quality Criterion for the Protec-
tion of Human Health: Ammonia. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health organization). 1986. Environmental Health
Criteria. 54. Ammonia. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1989. Subchronic toxicity in mice with anthracene.
Final Report. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Prepared for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO, Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ—0580—0342. Bio/tox
data on antimony trioxide. OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Schroeder, H.A., N. Mitchener and A.?. Nason. 1970. Zirconium,
nioblium, antimony and lead in rats: Life-time studies. J. Nutr.
100: 59—69.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Antimony Oxides. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Watt, W.D. 1980. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony trioxide
and validation of the TLV. Progress report -— Summary of results.
TSCA 8(e) submission 8#HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO,
Inc., New York. Microfiche No. 0TS0204846.
Watt, W.D. 1981. FYI submission TY—OTS—00081—012l regarding
pathology report on rat inhalation study on antimony trioxide.
OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
Watt, W.D. 1983. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony
trioxide: Validation of the threshold limit value. Diss. Abstr.
mt. B 1983. 44(3): 739—740.
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)isopropyl
2-chioroethyl sulfite (aramite). II. Carcinogenicity. Toxicol.
Appi. Pharniacol. 4: 70-88.
Popper, H., S.S. Sternberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960. The
carcinogenic effect of aramite in rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Aramite. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Arsenic
Tseng, W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin
cancer and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health
Perspect. 19: 109—119.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
jne
Ciba-Geigy Corporation. 1987. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 40431303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Atrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Barium
Brenniman, G.R. and P.S. Levy. 1984. High barium levels in public
drinking water and its association with elevated blood pressure.
jj: Advances in Modern toxicology IX, E.J. Calabrese, Ed.
Princeton Scientific Publications, Princeton, NJ. p. 231-249.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, 6 shington, DC. External Review
Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment). NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wones, R.G., B.L. Stadler and L.A. Trohman. 1990. Lack of
effectof drinking water bariunion cardiovascular risk factor.
Environ. Health Perspect. 85: 1-13.
Barium cyanide
Perry, H.M., E.F. Perry, M.N. Erlanger and S.J. Kopp. 1983.
Cardiovascular effects of chronic barium ingestion. .Ifl: Proc. 17th
Ann. Conf. Trace Substances in Environmental Health, Vol. 17.
University of Missouri Press, Columbia, MO. p. 155-164.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benefin
Eli Lilly and Co. 1972. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00037678.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benef in. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Banzal chloride
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzal Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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Benzal dehyde
Kiuwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Cues and J.D. Prejeau. 1983.
Encephalopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after
subchronic oral exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxicol. 21:
24 5—250.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Benzidine
Littlefield, N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzidine
dihydrochioride: Toxicological assessments in mice during chronic
exposure. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 12: 671—68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzoic acid
FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology).
1973. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzoic Acid and Sodium
Benzoate as Food Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS—7 P3—223 837/6.
p. 17.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Benzoic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Benzyl Alcohol
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of benzyl alcohol (CAS No. 100—51—6) in F344/N rats
and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP Technical Report, NTP TR
343. p. 1—161.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Benzyl Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. Mitchner. 1975. Life-time studies in rats:
Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. 3. Nutr.
105: 421—427.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1’ — BiDhenyl
Ambrose, A.M., A.N. Booth, F. De Eds and A.J. Cos, Jr. 1960. A
toxicological study of biphenyl, a vitrous fungistat. Food Res.
25: 328—336.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
l,l-Biphenyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bis (2—chioro-isopropyl) ether
Mitsumori, K., T. Usui, K. Takahashi and Y. Shirasu. 1979.
Twenty-four month chronic toxicity studies of dichlorodiisopropyl
ether in mice. Nippon NoYaku Gakkaishi. 4(3): 323-335.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Bis ( 2—ethyihexyl) pbtha]ate
Carpenter, C.P., C.S. Weil and H.F. Smyth. 1953. Chronic oral
toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs and
dogs. Arch. md. Hyg. Ccc. Med. 8: 219-226.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bispheno]. A
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis Bioassay
of Bisphenol A in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP Tech
Rep Ser. No. 80—35. NTIS PB 84—1555308. p. 192.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Reproduction and ninety-day oral toxicity study
in rats U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Fiche No. 0TS0509954.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Bisphenol A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Boron
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Weir, R.J., Jr. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxicologic studies on
borax and boric acid. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 23(3): 351-364.
Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibnzefurans
U.S. EPA. ]985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Dibenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Offic. of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Off ic. of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Dibenzo—p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental.
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromoacetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromoacetone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Bromoch loroethanes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brotnochioroethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Bromodi chioromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of Broxnodichloromethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1
Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Ser. No. 321, NIH Publ.
No. 87—2537.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Broinoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trihalomethane (bromoforin)
(CAS No. 75-25-2) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Bromoform. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Bromomethane
Danse, L.H., F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heijden. 1984.
Methyl bromide: Carcinogenic effects in the rat forestoniach.
Toxicol. Appi. Pharinacol. 72: 262—271.
Russo, J.M., W.K. Anger, J.V. Setzer and W.S. Brightwell. 1984.
Neurobehavioral assessment of chronic low—level methyl bromide
exposure in the rabbit. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 14:
247—255.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
4-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Bromopho $
Leuschner, F., A. Leuschner and E. Poppe. 1967. Chroriischer
ReproduktionsversuCh uber 3 Generationen an Wistar-Ratten bei
fortdauernder Verabreichung von Broinophos. Report C.H. Boehringer
Sohn. (Unpublished). (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1986).
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Broniophos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Bromoxvni] .
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects profile for
Bromoxyni].. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoxynil octanoate
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromoxynil Octanoate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIs).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
1—Butanol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Butanol: Rat oral subchronic toxicity study.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1—Butanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butvlate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MIRD No. 40289101.
Busan-77
U.S. EPA.
Busan-77.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
Busan-90
U.S. EPA.
Busan-90.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
U.S. EPA.
Buty late.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D- 15
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information system (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzyl phtha]ate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Project No. 12307-02,
-03. Hazelton Laboratories America, mc; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthalic
Acid Esters (PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phtha].jc
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Butyl Benzyl Phthlate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
t-Buty lch loride
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochlorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Butyrolactone, gamma
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Gammna-butyrolactone. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Cacodylic Acid
Nees, P.O. 1968. Report on cacodylic acid toxicity to animals.
Wisconsin Alumni Res. Found. EPA Pesticide Petition No. 0F0911.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cacodylic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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Cadmium
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Cadmium. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-025. NTIS PB 81-117368.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Calcium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envoron-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Caprolactam
Powers, W.J.J, J.C. Peckham, K.M. Siino and S.C. Gad. 1984.
Effects of subchronic dietary caprolactam on renal function. j :
Proc Symp. md. approach Chein Risk Assessment: Caprolactam Relat.
Compd. Case Study 77-96 md. Health Found., Pittsburgh, PA.
Serota, D.G., A.M. Hoberman and S.C. Gad. 1984. A three genera-
tion reproduction study with caprolactam in rats. In: Proc Symp
Ind Approach Chein Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Coinpi. Case
study 191-204 md, Health Found. Pittsburgh, PA.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Caprolactam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captafol
Ortho-Chevron Chemical Company. 1985. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. Accession No. 260671.
D- 17
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1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
CaDtan
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MRID No. 0012.
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MRID No. 00120315.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbaryl
Carpenter, C.P., C.W. Weil, P.E. Polin, et al. 1961.- Mammalian
toxicity of 1-naphthayl-n-methylcarbamate (Sevin insecticide). J.
Agric. Food Chem. 9: 30-39.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA.
Captafol.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
U.S. EPA.
Carbaryl.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Carbo furan
FNC Corporation.
unpublished study.
U.S. EPA.
Carbofuran.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1983. Confidential Business Information;
Accession No. 250740—250755.
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Prof ile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D- 18
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Carbon disulfide
Hardin, B.D., G.P. Bond, M.R. Sikor, F.D. Andrew, R.P. Bellies and
R.W. Nienieir. 1981. Testing of selected work place chemicals for
teratogenic potential. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 7(Suppl.
4): 66—75.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon tetrachioride
Bruckner, J.V., W.F. MacKenzie, S. Muralidhara, et al. 1986. Oral
toxicity of carbon tetrachioride: Acute, subacute and subchronic
studies in rats. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 6(1): 16—34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetra-
chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chiora] .
Sanders, V.M., B.M. Kauffmann, K.L. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology
of chloral hydrate in the mouse. Environ. Health Perspect. 44:
146—173.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloral. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chiordane
Versico]. Chemical Corp. 1983. Acc. No. 252267 Available from EPA
under FOl.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Enviro-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chlorine cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chern. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chioroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chioroacetaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chioroacetic Acid
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). l982a.
Subchronic oral toxicity test with inoriochioroacetic acid in rats.
National Toxicology Program, Bethesda, MD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroacetic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2—Chloroani]. me
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chloroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
3—Chloroaniline
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chioroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
4—Chioroani line
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of p-chloro-
aniline for possible carcinogenicity. NCI carcinogenesis Tech Rep.
Ser. No. 189. NTIS P3295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chioroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIs).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ch lorobenzene
Dilley, J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene.
NIOSH, DHEW, Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76—0126. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated
Benzenes. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/8/84/015F. NTIS PB85—150332.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenzilate
Ciba—Geigy Corporation. 1984. MRID No, 00144691.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D—CI lorobenzoic acid
Kieckebusch, W., W. Griem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerability of
p-chlorobenzoic acid. Arzneimi Hel-Forsch. 10: 999-10001. (In
German; English translation)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
p-Chlorobenzoic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergence
Response, Washington, DC.
4 - Cb].orobenzotrj fluoride
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981. Modified 90-day gavage and reproduc-
tion study in rats PCBTF. Conducted by Elars Bioresearch Labora-
tories, Inc., Fort Collins, CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files.
Microfiche #0TS0508148.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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2-Chloro—1, 3-butadiene
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1985. 2-Year Inhalation
Carcinogenicity Study of Chioroprene in Rats. E.I. Du Pont De
Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2-Chlorol,3-butadiene (Chioroprene). Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2—Chiorobutane
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). CAS No. 109—69-3. NTP-TR—3l2. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochiorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2—Chiorobutane
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochlorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ch lorocyc lopentadiene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen, C., P.M. Andersen, 0. Meyer and G. Wurtzen. 1986.
4—Chioroemethyiphenol: Salmonellalmammalian-microsoine inutagenicity
test and subacute toxicity test in rats. Bull. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol. 37(5): 651—654.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
p-Chloro-m-cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J. Sortwell, P.R.B. No1, et al. 1979. Safety
evaluation of toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term
study in beagle dogs. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. p. 835—851.
D- 22
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
m—Chloroni trobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloronitrobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chiorophenol, 3-and 4 -
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2 - Chiorophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1982. Effects of transplacental
exposure to chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46:
137—140.
U.S. EPA. l987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chiorophenol and
2,4-Dichlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2-Chiorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2 - Chioropropane
Gage, J.C. 1970. The subacute inhalation toxicity of 109
industrial chemicals. Br. J. md. Med. 27(1): 1-18.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2-Chioropropane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chiorotoluenes Cm- and p- )
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chiorotoluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
o-Ch loroto luene
Gibson, W.R., F.O. Gossett, G.R. Koenig and F. Marroquin. 1974.
The toxicity of daily oral doses of o-chlorotoluene in the rat.
Toxicology Division, Lilly Research Laboratories. Submitted to
Test Rules Development Branch, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.
EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chiorpyrifos
Dow Chemical Company. 1972. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 112118.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chiorpyri fos-methy ]
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chiorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Chiorthaloni 3 .
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company. 1970. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. Accession No. 111253.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-2 4
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Chiorthiophog
Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker, Ed. 1983. The Pesticide Manual,
7th ed. British Crop Protection Council, The Lavenhain Press Ltd.,
Suffolk, England. p. 130.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chiorthiophos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chromium (III )
Ivankovic, S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and
carcinogenic effects after administrations of high doses of chromic
oxide pigment in subacute and long-term feeding experiments in
rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol. 13: 347—351.
Lindberg, E. and G. Hedenstierna. 1983. Chrome plating: Symptoms,
findings in the upper airways, and effects on lung function. Arch.
Environ. Health. 38: 367-374.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Trivalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chromium (VI )
Lindberg, E. and G. Hedenstierna. 1983. Chrome plating: Symptoms,
findings in the upper airways, and effects on lung function. Arch.
Environ. Health. 38: 367-374.
MacKenzie, R.D., R.U. Byerrum, C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic
toxicity studies. II. Hexavalent and trivalent chromium adminis-
tered in drinking water to rats. Am. Med Assoc. Arch. md. Health.
18: 232—234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent
Chromium. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chrvsene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health arid Environmental Effects Profile for
Chrysene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D—2 5
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Copper
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. External Review
Draft.
Copper cyanide
U.S. EPA. 1986. 90-Day oral toxicity study of copper cyanide.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
m-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Sponsored by the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toxicity Research Laboratories. 1987. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envirorunental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Creso] .
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Sponsored by the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toxicity Research Laboratories. 1987. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol .
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o,m,p-Cresol. 90—Day oral
subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Sponsored by the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toxicity Research Laboratories. 1987. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cumene
Monsanto Company. 1986. One month study of cumene vapor adminis-
tered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation. U.S.
EPA/OTS Public Files, 8D submission. Microfiche # OTS 0513229.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cumene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolfe, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McCollister, R.L. Hollingsworth and
F. Oyen. 1956. Toxicological Studies of certain alkylated benzene
and benzenes AMA Arch. md. Health. 14: 387—398.
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Cyanazine
Shell Chemical Company. 1986. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 40081901 and 40229001.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cyanazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agric. Food Chem.
3:325—329. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with
Hydrogen Cyanide: Health Issue Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA 600/8—90—002F.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanogen
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanogen bromide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, b.c. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579—592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Cycloate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cycloate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Cyclobexanol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cyclohexanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Cyc lohexy lamjne
Gaunt, I.F., M. Sharratt, P.G. Grasso, A.B. Lansdown and S.D.
Gangolli. 1974. Short—term toxicity of cyclohexylamine HC1 in the
rat. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12: 609-624.
Gaunt, I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso, S.D. Gangolli and K.R. Butter-
worth. 1976. Long—term toxicity of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride
in the rat. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14(4): 255-268.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyclohexylamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC. -
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyclopentadjene
Dow. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpublished data.
Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dacthal
Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals. 1963. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00083584.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dacthal. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Dalapon (sodium salt )
Paynter, O.E., T.W. Tusing, D.D. McCollister and V. 1 <. Rowe. 1960.
Toxicology of dalapon sodium (2,2-dichloropropoionic acid, sodium
salt). J. Agric. Food Chem. 8: 47—51.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dalapon. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2,4-DB
Rhodia Inc. 1969. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. MRID No. 0092165.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4-DB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. Fitzhugh and F.M. Kunze. 1950.
Liver cell alteration and DDT storage in the fat of the rat induced
by dietary levels of 1-50 ppm DDT. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98:
268—273.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DDT.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodiphenyl. etbei
Kociba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humiston, et al. 1975. Results
of a two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodiphenyl oxide
(DCDPO) in rats. Combust. Toxicol. 2: 267-285.
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Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrinantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1973.
Toxicological and environmental factors involved in the selection
of decadibroinophenyl oxide as a fire retardant chemical. Appi.
Polym. Symp. 22: 195—219.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1975.
Toxicology of octabromobiphenyl and decabromodiphenyl oxide.
Environ. Health Perspect. 11: 153-161.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Decabroniodiphenyl oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Diazinon
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1979. Comparative susceptibility of
male and female rats to dietary diazinon toxicity. J. Nutr.
109(6): xxviii.
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980a. Comparative subacute toxicity
of dietary diazinon in the male and female rat. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmaco] .. 54(3): 359—367.
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. l980b. Toxicological evaluation of
dietary diazinon in the rat. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
9(6): 637—650.
Dibenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dibenzofuran.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1, 4—Dibromobenzene
Carison,
G.P.
and R.G. Tradiff. 1977.
benzene
and
1,2,4-tribromobenzene on
Toxicol.
App]..
Pharmacol. 42: 189-196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA.
Diaz mon.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Effect of 1,4-dibromo-
xenobiotic metabolism.
D-31
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dibromochioromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of Chiorodibromomethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1
mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromochioromethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dibromochioromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Smith, C.C. 1953. Toxicity of butyl stearate, dibutyl sebacate,
dibutyl phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Med.
7: 310—318.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 2-Dichlorobenzene
Hollingsworth, R.L., V.K. Rowe, F. Oyen, T.R. Torkelson and E.M.
Adams. 1958. Toxicity of o-dichlorobenzene. Am. Med. Assoc.
Arch. md. Health. 17(1): 180—187.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis studies of 1,2—dichlorobenaene in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
mice. U.S. DHHS, NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 255. (Also pubi. as NIH
Publ. No. 86—2511 and PB86—144888)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 3-Dichlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1, 4-Dichlorobenzene
Riley, R.A., I.S. Chart, A. Doss, et al. 1980. Para-dichioro-
benzene: Long-Term Inhalation Study in the Rat. ICI Report Nso.
CTL/P/447. August, 1980.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dichiorobuteneg
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dichlorobutenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Dichiorodi fluoromethane
Clayton, W.J., Jr. 1967. Fluorocarbon toxicity and biological
action. Fluorine Chem. Rev. 1(2): 197-252.
Prendergast, J.A., R.A. Jones, L.J. Jenkins and J. Siegal. 1967.
Effects on experimental animals of long-term inhalation of
trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachioride, 1,1, l—trichloroethane,
dichiorodifluoromethane and 1,1-dichioroethylene. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharinacol. 10: 270—289.
Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies in rats and dogs with
djchlorodjfluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant). Haskell
Laboratory Report No. 24-74. Unpublished, courtesy duPont de
Nemours Co.
U.S. EPA. 1982. Errata: Halomethanes Ambient Water Quality
Criteria Document for the Protection of Human Health. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. ECAO-CIN-
D023.
0-33
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 1-Dichioroethane
Hofmann, H.P., H. Birnstiel and P. Jobst. 1971. The inhalation
toxicity of 1,1- and 1,2—dichioroethane. Arch. Toxikol. 27:
248—265. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 198Th)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,1-Di-
chloroethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dichioroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1, 1-Dichioroethylene
Quast, J.F., C.G. Humiston, C.E. Wade, et al. 1983. A chronic
toxicity and oncogenicity study in rats and subchronic toxicity
study in dogs on ingested vinylidene chloride. Fund. Appi.
Toxicol. 3: 55—62.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Di-
chioroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2. , 2-c-Dicb].oroethv].ene
McCauley, P.T., M. Robinson, L.W. Condie and M. Parvell. n.d. The
effects of subacute and subchronic oral exposure to cis-1,2-di-
chloroethy].ene in rats. Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S.
EPA, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for l,2—c—Dichloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environment
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
D- 34
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 2—t-Dichloroethylene
Barnes, D.W., W.M. Sanders, K.L. Shite, Jr., et al. 1985.
Toxicology of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in the mouse. Drug Chem.
Toxicol. 8: 373—392.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for l,2-t-Dichloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2 . 4-Dichioropheno] .
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1985. Toxicity of 2-chiorophenol,
2, 4-dichiorophenol and 2,4, 6-trichlorophenol. Water Chlorination.
Chem. Environ. Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf. 5: 307-330.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dichioropheno]., 2,3—, 2—5. 2,6—. 3—4—, 3,5 —
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2,4-Dichiorophenoxy acetic acid (2 .4-D )
Dow Chemical Co. 1983. Acc. No. 251473.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dichioroprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dichioroprop. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
D- 35
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Dich1oro ro anes (1,1—, l .2—,l,3—, 2.2— )
U:S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dichioropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1, 3-Dichioropropene
Dow Chemical Co. 1973. MRID Nos. 0067977, 0039684. U.s. EPA,
Washington, DC.
Lomax, L.G., W.T. Stott, K.A.Johnson, et al. 1989. The chronic
toxicity and oncogenicity of inhaled technical-grade 1,3-dichioro-
propene in rats and mice. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 10: 214-213.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
l,3-Dichloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dichioropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dicyclopentadiene
Dodd, D.E., L.C. Longo and D.L. Eisler. 1982. Dicyclopentadiene
vapor ninety-day inhalation study on rats and mice. Bushy Run
Research Center, Export, PA. PSCA 8e submission by Exxon Chem.
Amer. Doc. I.D. 88—8300464, Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ—0283—0364.
Microfiche No. 0TS204864.
Litton Bionetics, Inc. 1980. Mammalian Toxicological Evaluation
of DIMP and DCPD. (Phase 2). Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington,
MD. Contract DAMB. l7—77-C-7003. NTIS AD—A082685.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dieldrin
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dieldrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D—3 6
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walker, A.I.T., D.E. Stevenson, J. Robinson, et al. 1969. The
toxicology and pharinacodynainics of dieldrin (HEOD): Two—year oral
exposures of rats and dogs. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 15:
345—373.
N, N-Diethylanj line
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Diethylaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee, P. Austin and F.A. Fairweather. 1966.
Short-term feeding study with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in
rats. Food Cosinet. Toxicol. 4: 263.
Smyth, H.F., C.P. Carpenter and C.B. Shaffer. 1964. A 2-year
study of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 2: 641—642.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1—86—052.
Diethylformamjde
Argus, M.F., J.C. Arcos and C. Hoch-Ligeti. 1965. The carcino-
genic activity of protein-denaturing agents hepatocarcinogenicity
of dioxane. J. Nat].. Cancer Inst. 35: 949—958.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diethylformamide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1, 2-Diethylbydrazine
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2-Diethyihydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Dietbyl-p-nitrop eny1phogphate (Paraoxon )
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Diethyl-p-nitrophenylphosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D- 37
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Diethyl htha1ate
Brown, D., K.R. Butterworth, I.F. Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term
oral toxicity study of diethyl phthalate in the rat. Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 16: 415—422.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phtha].ic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dimethoate
American Cyanimid Company. 1986. MRID No. 00164177. U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dimethoate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N, N-Dimethyiani line
Abdo, K., M. Wolfe and R. Hues. 1984. Subchronic toxicity of
N,N—diinethylaniline to F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fed. Proc.
43(3): 1698.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Diinethylaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N, N-Dimethyl. formamide
Becci, P. S., K.A. Voss, W.D. Johnson, M.A. Gallo and J.G. Babish.
1983. Subchronic feeding study of N,N-dimethylforinamide in rats
and mice. S. Am. Coil. Toxicol. 2(6): 371—378.
Catenacci, G., D. Grampella, R. Terzi, et al. 1984. Hepatic
function in subjects exposed to environmental concentrations of DMF
lower than the actually proposed TLV. G. Ital. Med. Lay. 6(3-4):
157—158.
D- 38
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Cirla, A.M., G. Pisati, E. Invernizzi and P. Torricelli. 1984.
Epidemiological study on workers exposed to low dimethylformamide
concentrations. G. Ital. Med. Lay. 6(3-4): 149—156.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N-Dimethylformamide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dimethyiphenols (2.3—; 2,5— )
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dimethyiphenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2, 4-Diinethy].phenol
American Biogerlics Corporation. 1989. Ninety-day gavage study in
albino mice using 2,4-dimethylphenol. Study 410—2831.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diinethylpheno].s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2, 6-Dimethyiphenol
Veidre, l.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. Toxicological studies of shale
oils, some of their components and commercial products. Environ.
Health Perspect. 30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dimethylphenols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment ffice, Cincinnati, OH.
3, 4-Dimethyipheno] .
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dimethylphenols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D— 39
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U.S: EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental. Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Veidre, l.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. Toxicological studies of shale
oils, some of their components and conimercial products. Environ.
Health Perspect. 30: 141—146.
Dimethyl htha1ate
Lehman, A.J. 1955. Insect repellants. Assoc. Food Drug Office,
U.S. Quart Bull. 19: 87.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acid Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dimethy]. terephthalate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of dimethyl
terephthalate for possible carcinogenicity. DHEW/PUB/NIH 79-1376,
NCI-CG-TR121.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N, N-Dimethylurea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
N,N—Dimethylurea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
m—Dinitrobenzene
Cody, T.E., S. Witherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T.
Christian. 1981. l,3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxic effect jjj v .tvo and in
vitro . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 7(5): 829—847.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dinitrobenzene (0-, p- )
Cody, T.E., S. Witherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T.
Christian. 1981. l,3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxic effect in vivo and in
vitro . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 7(5): 829—847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrobenzenes (o—, m—, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-40
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2, 6-Dinitro-p—cresol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,6-
Dinitro-p-cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4, 6-Dinitro-o—cregol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrocresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2, 4-Dinitrophenol
Homer, W.D. 1942. Dinitrophenol and its relation to formation
of cataracts. Arch. Ophthalmol. 27: 1097—1121.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrophenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dinitrophenols (2.3—, 2,5—. 2.6—, 3,5— )
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrophenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Dinitrotoluenes
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dinitrotoluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Di-n-octy], pbthalate
Piekacz, H. 1971. Effect of dioctyl and dibutyl phthalates on the
organism of rats after oral administration in prolonged experiment.
II. Subacute and chronic toxicity. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig.
22(3): 295—307. (CA 75:969llv)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acid Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
D-41
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Dinoseb
Uniroyal Chemical Co. and Cedar Chemical Co. 1981. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00152675-
00152676.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ—
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N, N-Diphenylamine
Thomas, J.O., W.E. Ribelin, J.R. Woodward and F. DeEds. 1967. The
chronic toxicity of diphenylatnine for dogs. Toxicol. Appi.
Pharinacol. 11: 184-194.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Diphenylamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct lightfast blue
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Lightfast Blue. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Disulfoton
Mobay Chemical Company. 1985. ? ID No. 00129456, 00146873,
41115401. Available from EPA. Write to FOl, EPA, Washington, DC
20460.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Disulfoton. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Off ic . Cincinnati, OH.
Huntington Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-Technical
on Reproductive Function of Multiple Generations in the Rat.
Report submitted by J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP, U.S. EPA.
D- 42
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Alpha— and Beta-
Endosulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1965. Two-year chronic feeding study of disodium
to beagle dogs. Scientific Associates Report. EPA
Petition 6G0503, redesignated No. 7F0570, June 1966.
No. 24601.
Perinwalt Agchein. n.d. MRID No. 00101735. Available from U.S.
EPA. Write to FOl, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Endothall. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Endrin
Treon, J.F., F.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel. 1955. Toxicity of
endrin for laboratory animals. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 842—848.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrin.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment OFf ice, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-l76.
NTIS PB 86—117967.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Envi ronmenta1 Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Epich lorohydrjn
Laskin, S., A.R. Sellakumar, M. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation
carcinogenicity of epichiorohydrin in non-inbred Sprague-Dawley
rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
Endothall
Keller, J.
endothal 1
Pesticide
Accession
0-43
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Quast, J.F., J.W. Henck, B.J. Postma, et al. 1979. Epichiorohydrin
subchronic studies. I. A 90-day Inhalation study in Laboratory
Rodents. 8D submission. Microfiche #206200.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethoprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethoprop. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2 - Ethoxyethano] .
Barbee, S.J., J.B. Terrill, D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway. 1984.
Subchronic inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
in the rat and rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
Doe, J.E. 1984. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene
glycol monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health
Perspect. 57: 33-41.
Melnick, R.L. 1984. Toxicities of ethylene glycol and ethylene
glycol monoethyl ether in Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
Environ Health Perspect. 57: 147-155.
Stenger, E.G., A. Lislott, D. Mueller et al. 1971. Toxicology of
ethylene glycol monoethylether. Arzneim.-Forsch. 21(6): 880-885.
(In German with English translation)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2-Ethoxyethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2-Ethoxyetbanol acetate
Union Carbide. 1984. A teratogenic evaluation of Cellosolve
Acetate in Fisher 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits following
inhalation exposure. Bushy Run Research Center, Export, PA,
October 1984. FYI—AX-1184—0360.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Ethoxyethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-44
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2-Ethoxyethanol esters
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Ethoxyethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl acetate
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronic study with ethyl acetate.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylacetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Ethy lanj line
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental. Effects Profile for N-
Ethylaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ethy].benzene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylbenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental. Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McCollister et al. 1956. Toxicolog-
ical studies of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. md.
Health. 14: 387—398.
Ethyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental. Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D-45
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S-Ethyl dipropylthjocarbamate (EPTC )
PPG Industries, Inc. 1986. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 263695, 262696. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
EPTC. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene cyanohydrin
Sauerhoff, M.W., W.H. Braun, J.C. Ramsey, C.B. Humiston and G.C.
Jersey. 1976. Toxicological evaluation and pharmacokinetic
profile of B—hydroxypropionitrile in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ.
Health. 2(1): 31—44.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylenediamjne
Pozzani, U.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to
repeated inhalation of ethylenediamine vapors. Arch. md. Hyg.
0cc. Med. 9: 223—226.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Ethylenediamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Yang, R.S., R.H. Garman, R.R. Maronpot, et al. 1983. Acute and
subchronic toxicity of ethylenediamine in laboratory animals.
Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 3(6): 512—520.
Ethylene glyco3 .
DePass, L.R., R.H. Garman, M.D. Woodside et al. 1986a. Chronic
toxicity and oncogenicity studies of ethylene glycol in rats and
mice. Fund. Appi. Toxicol. 7: 547-565.
Maronpot, R.R., J.P. Zelenak, E.V. Weaver and N.J. Smith. 1983.
Teratogenicity study of ethylene glycol in rats. Drug. Chem.
Toxicol. 6(6): 579—594.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D—4 6
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene glyco]. onobutyl ether
Dodd, D.E., W.M. Snellings, R.R. Maronpot and B. Balantyne. 1983.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day and 90-day vapor
inhalation studies in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharinacol.
68: 405—414.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1—86—052.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene thiourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylene Thiourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Ethyl ether
American Biogenics Corp. 1986. 90-Day gavage study in rats using
ehtyl ether. Status Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethyl methacry] ate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennigar, et al. 1964.
Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of monomeric ethyl acrylate
and methyl methacrylate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethyl !1ethacrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-47
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Ethyl Toluene to-, p- , m- )
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Ethyl Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
4 - Ethyl-o-xylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Ethyl Benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Fluoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1988. 13-week mouse oral subchronic toxicity study.
Prepared by Toxicity Research Laboratories, LTD. Muskegon, MI for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Fluorene
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic study. Prepared by
Toxicity Research Laboratories, LTD, Muskegon, MI for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Fluoride
Hodge, H.C. 1950. The concentration of fluorides in drinking
water to give the point of minimum caries with maximum safety. J.
Am. Dental Assoc. 40: 436.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Fluoride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Fluridone
Eli Lilly and Company. 1980. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession Nos. 070933, 070939.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Fluridone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0-48
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Corporation. 1986. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. Accession No. 263772.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Folpet. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde cyanohydrin
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Formic acid
Malorny, G. 1969. Acute and chronic toxicity of formic acid and
formate. Z. Ernachrungswiss. 9: 332—339.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Formic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982. Subchronic toxicity
report on furan (C56202) in B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National
Toxicology Program under Contract No. 1-CP-9564l—Ol, Bethesda, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Furan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D-49
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Furfural
Feron, V.J., A. Kruysse and H.C. Dreef Vander Meulen. 1979.
Repeated exposure to furfural vapor: 13 week study in Syrian golden
hamsters. Zentrase. Bakteviol Pavasiten Kd Infection SKy. Hyg. Abt
1 orig Reihe B. 168(5—6): 442—451.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981. 90 day rat report.
Unpublished study performed for NTP.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Furfural. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Glycidaldehyde
Hine, C.H., R.J. Guzman, M.K. Dunlap, R. Lima and G.S. Loquvam.
1961. Studies on the toxicity of glycidaldehyde. Arch. Environ.
Health. 2: 23—30.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Glycidaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
He tach1or
Velsicol Chemical Corp. 1955. MMD No. 00062599. Available under
FOl.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
n-Heptane
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-
Heptane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D-50
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Hexabromobenz ens
Mendoza, C.E., N.M. Vijay, J.B. Shields and G.W. Layer. 1977.
Effects of hexabromobenzene on the male rat. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharniacol. 41: 127—130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenz ens
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Moodie, S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-
term toxicity of hexachlorobenzene in the rat and the effect of
dietary vitamin A. Food Cheni. Toxicol. 23(9): 779—793.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobutadj ens
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al. 1977. Results of a
2-year chronic toxicity study with hexachlorobutadjene in rats.
Am. md. Hyg. Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobuta-
diene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachiorocyclohexane. delta and epsilon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environinenta]. Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Hexach].orocyclobexane. gamma (Lindane )
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lindane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
D- 51
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00128356. Available under
FOl.
HexachlorocycloDentadj ene
Abdo, K.M., C.A. Montgomery, W.M. Kiuwe et al. 1984. Toxicity of
hexachlorocyclopentadiene: Subchronic (13-week) administration by
gavage to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. J. Appl. Toxicol. 4: 75-81.
Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Carcinogenesis
Bioassay Study: Subchronic Study Report on Hexachiorocyclo-
pentadiene in Rats. Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981a. Subchronic Toxicity
Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (C53607) in B6C3F1 Mice.
Report for the NTP. Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230.
Microfiche #0TS0507497.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexach]oroethane
Gorzinski, S.J., R.J. Nolan, S.B. McCollister, et al. 1985.
Subchronic oral toxicity, tissue distribution and clearance of
hexachioroethane in the rat. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hexachloroethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachiorophane
Nationwide Chemical Corporation. 1974. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00055365.
D- 52
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachiorophene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Rexamethyl enediamine
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexainethylenediamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
n-Hexane
Krasavage, W.J., J.L. O’Donoghue, G.D. Divincenzo and Terhaar.
1980. Relative neurotoxicity of methyl-n-butyl ketone, n—hexane
and their inetabolites. Toxicol. Appl. Pharinacol. 52(3): 433-441.
Sanagi, S., Y. Seki, K. Sugimoto and M. Hirata. 1980. Peripheral
nervous system functions of workers exposed to n-hexane at a low
level. mt. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 47: 69—79.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-
Hexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Rexanone
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-
Hexanone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Rvdroaen sulfide
CuT. 1983. 90-Day vapor inhalation toxicity study of hydrogen
sulfide in B6C3F1 mice. EPA OTS Public Files. Fiche No.
0000255—0. Document No. FYI—OTS—0883—0255.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hydrogen Sulfide. Prepared by the Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Watterau, H., W. Ockert and U.G. Knape. 1964—1965. I.fl: Toxicity
of hydrogen sulfide in animal feeding. Survey of the literature.
(Westermann et al., 1975. Landwirtsch. Forsch. 28: 70—80.)
p-Hydroauinone
Carison, A.J. and N.R. Brewer. 1953. Toxicity studies on
Hydroguinone. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 84: 684-688.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hydroquinone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Xron
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Isobutyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronic toxicity with isobutyl
alcohol. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Isobutanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Isophorone
Rohin and Haas. 1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available
under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78—59—1) in F344/N Rats and
86C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH
Pubi. No. 86—2547.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Off ic. Cincinnati, OH.
i 3 op opalin
Eli Lilly Company. 1985. Confidential Business Inforination
unpublished study.
0-54
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Isopropalin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Lactonitrile
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitriles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Lead. June, 1986 and
Addendum, September, 1986. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8—83-028F. NTIS
PB 87—142378. -
Lead alkyls
Scheper, G.W.H. 1964. Tetraethyl lead and tetrarnethyl lead.
Arch. Environ. Health. 8: 277-295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lead
Alkyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Linuron
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1962. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00018374.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Linuron. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Malathion
Moeller, H.C. and J.A. Rider. 1962. Plasma and red blood cell-
cholinesteraSe activity as indications of the threshold of
incipient toxicity of ethyl-p-nitrophenol thionebenzenephosphorate
(EPN) and malathion in human beings. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol.
4: 123—130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Malathion. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Maleic anhydride
Jessup, D.C., D. Aldridge, J.L. Schardein and M. Blair. 1982.
Three-generation reproduction study in rats (modified to a 2-
generation study). Maleic anhydride IR—79—358. International
Research and Development Corp. for Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Unpublished 8D submission. Microfiche No. OTS 0206655. Document
ID 878214777.
Preache, M. 1983. Chronic Dietary Administration of Maleic
Anhydride. Vol. 1: Narrative. FlI-OTS Submission 1283—0277.
Prepared by ITT Research Institute for Chemical Industry Institute
of Technology, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Maleic Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
I4aleic hvdrazide
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Maleic Hydrazide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
van der Heijden, C.A., E.M. Den Tonkelaar, J.M. Garbis—BerkVeflS and
G.J. Van Esch. 1981. Maleic hydrazide, carcinogeniCity study in
rats. Toxicology. 19(2): 139—150.
ID- 56
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Malononitri la
Panov, I., M. Ziateva and G. Antov. 1972. Toxicological charac-
teristics of dicyanomethane. Chronic effects in white rats. Khig.
Zdraveopazvane. 15(6) : 553—562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Malanonitrile. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Mancozeb
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Mancozeb. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Maneb
Maneb Data Task Force. 1986. MRID No. 00161552. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1987)
Rohm and Haas Co. 1977. MRID No. 00129980. (Cited in U.S. EPA,
1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Maneb. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Manganese
NRC (National Research Council). 1989. Recommended Dietary
Allowances, 10th ed. Food and Nutrition Board, National Research
Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. p. 230-255.
Roels, H., R. Lauwerys, J—P. Buchet et al. 1987. Epideiniological
survey among workers exposed to manganese: Effects on lung, central
nervous system, and some biological indices. Am. J. md. Med. 11:
307—327.
Schroeder, H.A., D.D. Balassa and I.H. Tipton. 1966. Essential
trace metals in man: Manganese, a study in homeostasis. J. Chron.
Dis. 19: 545—571.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
ECAO-CIN-H057.
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U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Manganese.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/8/83—013F. NTIS PB84—229954.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1973. Trace elements in human
nutrition: Manganese. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical
Report Service, 532. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. p. 34—36.
Mephosfolan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Mephosfolan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Mercury. inorganic
Andres, P. 1984. IgA-IgG disease in the intestine of Brown Norway
rats ingesting mercuric chloride. din. Immunol. linmunopathol.
20: 488—494.
Bernaudin, J.F., E. Druet, P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhala-
tion or ingestion of organic or inorganic mercurials produces auto-
immune disease in rats. din. Immunol. Inimunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Druet, P., E. Druet, F. Potdevin and C. Sapin. 1978. Immune type
glomerulonephritis induced by HgC1 2 in the Brown Norway rat. Ann.
Immunol. 129C: 777—792.
Fawer, R.F., U. DeRibaupierre, M.P. Guillemin, M. Berode and M.
Lobe. 1983. Measurement of hand tremor induced by industrial
exposure to metallic mercury. J. md. Med. 40: 204-208.
Piikivi, L. 1989. Cardiovascular reflexes and low long-term
exposure to mercury vapor. mt. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 61:
391—395.
Piikivi, L. and H. Hanninen. 1989. Subjective symptoms and
psychiogical performance of chlorine-alkali workers. Scand. J.
Work Environ. Health. 15: 69-74.
Piikivi, L. and V. Tolonen. 1989. EEG findings in chior-alkali
workers subjected to low long-term exposure to mercury vapor. Br.
J. md. Med. 46: 370—375.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Peer Review Workshop on Mercury Issues. October
26-27, 1987, Summary Report. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Merphog
Abou-Doriia, M.B., D.G. Graham, P.R. Timmons and B.L. Reichert.
1980. Late acute, delayed neurotoxic and cholinergic effects of
S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrjthjojte (merphos) in hens. Toxicol.
Appi. Pharmacol. 53: 439-457.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Merphos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mer hos oxide
Abou-Donia, M.B., D.G. Graham, K.M. Abdo and A.A. Komeil. 1979.
Delayed neurotoxic, late acute and choliriergic effects of
S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrjthioate (DEF): Subchronic (90 days)
administration in hens. Toxicology. 14: 229—243.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Merphos Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria arid Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methacrylonitrj],e
Pozzani, U.C., C.R. Kinkead and J.M. King. 1968. The mammalian
toxicity of methacrylonitrile. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29(3):
202—210.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mathanoj
U.S. EPA. 1986. Rat oral subchronic toxicity study with methanol.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Methoinyl
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. Toxicity studies with methyl
N- [ [ (methylamino) carbonyl) oxyl] ethanimidothioate. Toxicol.
Appi. Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Methomyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methoxychior
Kincaid Enterprises, Inc. 1986. MRID No. 0015992. Available from
EPA. Write to FOl, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2 - Methoxvethanol
Miller, R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether: 13-week vapor inhalation study in male rabbits.
Report prepared for the CMA March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for -
2Methoxyethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2-Methoxyethanol acetate
Miller, R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether: 13-week vapor inhalation study in male rabbits.
Report prepared for the Chemical Manufacturers Association, March
25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2-Methoxyethanol Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acetate
Toxicity Research Laboratory. 1986. Rat oral subchronic toxicity
study with methanol. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acrylate
Kliinisch, H.J. and W. Reininghaus. 1984. Carcinogenicity of
acrylates: Long- term inhalation studies on methyl acrylate (MA)
and n-butyl acrylate (BA) in rats. Toxicologist. 4(1): 53.
(Taken from Abstract No. 211)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyichiorocarbonate
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Methylchlorocarbonate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2-Mathyl-4-chloropheno acetic acid (MCPA )
Industry Task Force on MCPA Research Data. 1986. Confidential
Business Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00164352.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA
and MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-(2-Metbyj-4-chjo ophenoxy) butyric acid (MCPB )
Rhodia, Inc. l970a. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00116345.
Rhodia, Inc. 1970b. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00116344.
0-61
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA
and MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (MCPP )
BASF Aktiegerellschaft. 1985. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00158359.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
MCPP. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methylcyclohexane
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylcyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4.4’ — Methylene—bis ( 2—chioroaniline )
Stula, E.F., J.R. Barnes, H. Sherman, C.F. Reinhardt and J.A. Zapp,
Jr. 1977. Urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 4,4’methylene-
bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA). J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 1(1):
31—50.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
4,4’-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline). Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylene bromide (Dibromomethane )
Keyes, D.G., J.W. Henck, G.C. Jersey, R.J. Kociba, D.J. Schwetz and
T.D. Landry. 1982. Methylene bromide: A 90-day repeated inhala-
tion toxicity study in rats and dogs with a subsequent two-year
holding period for rats. Toxicology Research Lab, Health and
Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylene Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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l1ethylene chloride
National Coffee Association. 1982. 24-Month Chronic Toxicity and
Oncogenicity Study of Methylene Chloride in Rats. Final Report.
Prepared by Hazieton Laboratories America, Inc., Vienna, VA.
(Unpublished).
Nitschke, K.D., J.D. Bured, T.J. Bell, et al. 1988. Methylene
chloride: A 2-year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in
rats. Fund. Appi. Toxicol. (In press)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methylene
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4,4’ - Methy].enedjphenyl isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental. Effects Profile for
44’-Methylenephenyl Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.W. and H. Brieger. 1955. Vapour toxicity of a
composite solvent and its principal components. Arch. Ind. Health.
12: 623—627.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl
Ethyl Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl isobuty], katone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronic toxicity of methyl
isobutyl ketone in Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary report for
Research Triangle Institute, RTP, NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983. Ninety-day inhalation study in rats and
mice sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl
Ethyl Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl isocvanate
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl mercury
Clarkson, T.W., L. Amin-Zaki and S.K. A1-Tikriti. 1976. Federa-
tion Proceedings. 35(12): 2395—2399.
Nordberg, G.F. and P. Strangert. 1976. Estimations of a dose-
response curve for long-term exposure to methylmercuric compounds
in human beings taking into account variability of critical organ
concentration and biological half-time: A preliminary communica-
tion. D i: Effects and Dose-Response Relationships of Toxic
Metals. G.F. Nordberg, Ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam. p. 273-282.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1976. Environmental health
criteria for mercury. In: Environmental Health Criteria 1. WHO,
Geneva.
Methyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennigar, et al. 1964.
Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of monomeric ethyl acrylate
and methyl methacrylate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Methacrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl aratbion
Monsanto Co. 1983. Accession No. 252501—252503, 253346, 253372—
253374. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Methyl styrene (Industrial mixture )
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). l984a. Study of the inhalation
carcinogenicity (bioassay) of vinyl toluene in B6C3F1 mice. Final
chronic report performed for the NTP under Contract No. NO1-ES-
38042.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Methyl Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Methyistyrene, alDha
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
aipha-Methyistyrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McCollister, et al. 1956. Toxicolog-
ical studies of certain alkylated benzenes and berizene. Arch. md.
Health. 14: 387—398.
Mirex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of inirex on the reproductive
performance and behavioral development in the prairie vole
( Microtus ochrogaster) . Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University,
Allies, IA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mirex. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Molinate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1981. MRID No. 00079209. U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Molybdenum
Chappell, W.R., R.R. Meglers, R. Moure—Eraso, C.C. Solomons and
T.A. Tsongas. 1979. Human Health Effects of Molybdenum in
Drinking Water. Health Effects Research Laboratory, Office of
Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/
1—79—006. NTIS PB292755.
D-65
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Molybdenum and Selected Molybdenum Compounds. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Monochiorobut ane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F]. mice
(gavage studies). (CAS No. 109-69-3). NTP TR-312.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Monochiorobutanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Naphtha lene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1980. Unpublished subchronic
toxicity study: Naphthalene (C52904), Fischer 344 rats. Prepared
by Battelle’s Columbus Laboratories under Subcontract no. 76-34-
106002.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Naphthalene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health Advisory for Naphthalene. Office of
Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Draft.
1 , 4-Naphthoquinone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
l,4-Naphthoquinone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose, A.M., D.S. Larson, J.R. Borzelleca and G.R. Hennigar, Jr.
1976. Long—term toxicologic assessment of nickel in rats and dogs.
J. Good Sci. Technol. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nicotinonitrile
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitriles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitric oxide
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walton, C. 1951. Survey of literature relating to infant
methemoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Public
Health. 41: 986—996.
Nitrite
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrite. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to infant
methemoglobinemja due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Pub.
Health. 41: 986—996.
Nitroanjljneg (o—, rn— . p— )
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitroanjlines (o—, m—, p—). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrobenzenp
CuT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-
day inhalation study of nitrobenzene in F-344 rats, CD rats and
B6C3F1 mice with cover letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated
8/06/84. Unpublished study. FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer print-
out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nitrofurantoin
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980. Subchronic Toxicity
Report on Nitrofurantoin (C55196) in Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1
mice Tracor Jit CO, Inc. Rockville, MD contract Nos N01-CP-43350
and 78—65—106002 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrofurans Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrogen dioxide
Kubota, K., M. Murakami, S. Takenaka, K. Kawai and H. Kyono. 1987.
Effects of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure on rat lung
morphological observations. Environ. Health Perspect. 73(0): 157-
169.
Sagai, M. and T. Ichinose. 1987. Lipid-peroxidation and antioxi-
dative protection mechanism in rat lungs upon acute and chronic
exposure to nitrogen-dioxide. Environ. Health Perspect. 73: 179-
189.
Sagai, M., T. Ichinose and K. Kubota. 1984. Studies on the
biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide. IV. Relation between the
change of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative protective
system in rat lungs upon life span exposure to low levels of NO 2 .
Toxicol. Appl. Pharinacol. 73(3): 444—456.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrogen Dioxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to infant
metheinoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Public
Health. 41: 986—996.
Nitroaen oxides
U.S. EPA. 1982. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8—82—026F. NTIS PB83—163337.
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Ni tromethane
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrophenols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-Nitrosodipheny lamine
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrotoluenes (o-, m—. p- )
Ciss, M., N. Huyen, H. Dutertre, N. Phu-Lich and R. Truhaut. 1980.
Toxicological study of nitrotoluenes: Long-term toxicity. Dakar
Medical. 25: 293—302.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrotoluenes (0—, m—, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Octabroinodiphenyl ether
Carison, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenobiotic metaolism in rats by
brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxicol.
Lett. 6:207—212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Octamethylpyrophogphoramj da
Rider, J.A., H.C. Moeller, E.J.. Puletti and J.I. Swader. 1969.
Toxicity of parathion, systox, octamethylpyrophosphorainide and
methyl parathion in man. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14(3): 603-
611.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ozone and other hotochemical oxidants
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other
Photocheinical Oxidants. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8—84—020F. NTIS
PB87—142949.
Paraldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Paraldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Parathion
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathion.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Particulate matter and sulfur oxides
U.S. EPA. 1987. Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-86-020F. NTIS PB87—176574.
Pebulate
CBI
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pebulate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Pendimethalin
American Cyanamid Company. 1979. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MRID No. 0058657.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pendimethalin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated. Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentabromodipheny] . ether
Car].son, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenobiotic metaolism in rats by
brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxicol.
Lett. 6:207—212.
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U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorobenzene
Linder, R., T. Scotti, J. Goldstein and K. McElroy. 1980. Acute
and subchronic toxicity of pentachlorobenzene. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 4(5—6): 183—196.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Pentachlorobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentach lorocyc lopentadjene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachloronjtrobenzene
Olin Corporation. 1968. MRID NO. 000114201. U.s. EPA,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachioropheno ] ,
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quast, P.A. Keeler et al. 1978. Results of
two-year toxicity and reproduction studies on pentachiorophenol in
rats. j : Pentachiorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environ-
mental Toxicology, K.R. Rao, Ed. Plenum Press, New York. p. 301.
(Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachiorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pentachlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1.2,3, 3-Pentachioropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chioropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
n- Pentane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for ri-Pentane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Phenanthrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenanthrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologic Evaluation of
Phenol in CD Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylenediamines (o-. p- )
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenylenediamines (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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m-Phenyl enedi amine
Hofer, H. and R. Hruby. 1982. Ninety-day toxicity study with
m-phenylenediamine on rats. Oestrr. Forschungszent. Seibersdorf
(Ber.) OEFZS Ber. No. 4155. p. 50.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylmercuric acetate
Fitzhugh, O.G., A.A. Nelson, E.P. Laug and I.M. Kunze. 1950.
Chronic oral toxicities of mercuric phenyl and mercuric salts.
Arch. md. Hyg. Occup. Med. 2: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2 - PhenyiDhenol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Phenyiphenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Phospene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phosgene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Phosphine
Hackenberg, J. 1972. Chronic ingestion by rats of standard diet
treated with aluminum phosphide. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23:
147—158.
Klimmer, O.R. 1969. Contribution to the study of action of
phosphine (PH 3 ). On the question of so-called chronic phosphine
poisoning. Arch. Toxicol. 24: 164-187.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Phosphine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phosphorus. inorganic compounds
U.S. EPA. 1989. Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with
Elemental and Inorganic Phosphorus Compounds: Health Issue
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and
Development, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-89-072.
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Phthalic acids (0—, m— )
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acids. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
p—Phthalic acid
CuT (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1982. A Ninety-
Day Study of Terephthalic Acid-Induced Urolithiasis and Reproduc-
tive Performance in Wistar and CD rats. CIIT, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gross, J. 1974. The Effects of Prolonged Feeding of Terephthalic
Acid (TPA) to Rats. Project FG-IS-l75. Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acids (0-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Phthalic anhydride
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of phthalic
anhydride for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 159. NTIS PB293594.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Polybrominated biphenyls
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of polybrominated biphenyl mixture in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). Fireinaster FF-l. Case No. 67774-32—7. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Polybrominated Biphenyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Potassium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579—592.
D—74
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Potassium silver cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Prof luralin
CBI.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Profluralin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Pronamide
Rohm & Haas, Co. 1970. Acc. Nos. 000967, 004417.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propach].or
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propazine
Geigy Company. 1980. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 243353.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Monsanto Company.
unpublished study.
U.S. EPA.
Propachlor.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1964. Confidential Business Information;
MRID NO. 00094370.
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propionitrile
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propionitrile. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
n-Propyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-
Propyl Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene glycol
Gaunt, I.F., R.M.B. Carpanini, P. Grasso and A.B.C. Lansdown.
1972. Long-term toxicity of propylene glycol in rats. Food
Cosmet. Toxicol. 10: 151—162.
Guerrant, N.B., G.P. Whitlock, M.L. Wolff and R.A. Dutcher. 1947.
Response of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol
and propylene glycol. Bull. Nati. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229.
(Cited in Informatics, Inc., 1973)
Robertson, O.H., C.G. Loosli, T.T. Puck, H. Wise, H.M. Lemon and
W. Lester. 1947. Tests for chronic toxicity of propylene glycol
and oral administration. 3. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Propylene Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene glyco]. monoethyl ether
Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. 1948. Further experience
with the range finding test in the industrial toxicology labora-
tory. J. md. Hyg. Toxicol. 30: 63-68.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1—86—052.
Pro vlene glycol monomethy]. ether
Landry, T.D., T.S. Gushow and B.L. Yano. 1983. Propylene glycol
monomethyl ether: A 13-week inhalation toxicity in rats and
rabbits. Fund. Appi. Toxicol. 3: 627-630.
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Miller, R.R., E.A. Herman, J.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene
glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether:
Metabolism, disposition, and subchronic inhalation toxicity
studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 233-239.
Rowe, V.K., D.D. McCollister, H.C. Spencer et al. 1954.
Toxicology of mono-, di-, and tn-propylene glycol methyl ethers.
Arch. md. Hyg. Occup. Med. 9: 509-525.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPA 540/1—86—052.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic toxicity study of pyrene.
Study conducted by Toxicity Research Laboratories, Muskegon, MI for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pyri dine
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pyridine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Pyridine. 90-Day subchronic oral toxicity in
rats. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
RDX
Levine, B.S., E.M. Furedi, V.S. Rae, D.E. Gordon and D.M. Lish.
1984. Determination of the chronic mammalian toxicological effects
of RDX: Twenty-four month chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study
of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro—1,3,5-tnjazjne (RDX) in the Fischer
344 rat. NTIS AD—A160774. Vol. 1. 347 p.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonite). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ronnel
McCollister, D.D., F. Oyen and V.K. Rowe. 1959. Toxicological
studies of O,O-dimethyl-O-(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenyl)phosphothioate
(ronnel) in laboratory animals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 7: 689.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ronnel. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Selenourea
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Yang, G., S. Wang, R. Zhou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium
intoxication of humans in China. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 37: 872-881.
Selenous acid
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selenium and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Yang, G., W. Shuzhen, R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium
intoxication of humans in China. Am. J. din. Nutr. 37: 872-888.
Silver
Blumberg, H. and T.N. Carey. 1934. Argyremia: Detection of
unsuspected and obscure arguria by the spectrographic demonstration
of high blood silver. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 103: 1521—1524.
East, B.W., K. Boddy, E.D. Williams, D. Maclntyre and A.L.C. McLay.
1980. Silver retention, total body silver and tissue silver
concentrations in argyria associated with exposure to an anti-
smoking remedy containing silver acetate. din. Exp. Dermatol.
5: 305—311.
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Gaul, L.E. and A.N. Staud. 1935. Clinical spectroscopy. Seventy
cases of generalized argyria following organic and colloidal silver
medication. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 104: 1387-1390.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Silver cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Simazine
Ciba—Geigy Corporation. 1988. MRID No. 40614405.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Simazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium dietbv],ditbiocarbamate
Sunderman, F.W., O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967. The effects
of the protracted administration of the chelating agent, sodium
diethyldithiocarbamate (dithiocarb). Am. J. Med. Sd. 254: 46-
56.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo, J.L., J.L. Llobet, J.M. Tomas and J. Corbella. 1985.
Short—term toxicity studies of vanadium in rats. J. Appi. Toxicol.
5(6): 418—421.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Strychnine
Seidl, I. and G. Zbinden. 1982. Subchronic oral toxicity of
strychnine in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 51(3): 267-271.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Stvrene
Quast, J.F., C.G. Humiston, R.T. Kalnins, et al. 1979. Results
of a Toxicity Study of Monomeric Administered to Beagle Dogs by
Oral Intubation for 19 Months. Toxicology Research Laboratory,
Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Styrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H115.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Succinonitri le
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitriles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Sulfuric acid
Carson, B.L., B.L. Herndon, H.V. Ellis III, et al. 1981. Sulfuric
Acid Health Effects. Prepared under Contract 68-03-2928 by Midwest
Research Institute, Kansas City, MO. Prepared for Emission Control
Technology Division, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
U.S. EPA, Ann Arbor MI. EPA 460/3-81-025. NTIS PB82-113135.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sulfuric Acid.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
TemeDhos
Gaines, T.B., R.D. Kiinbrough and E.R. Law, Jr. 1967. Toxicology
of abate in laboratory animals. Arch. Environ. Health. 14: 283-
288.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Temephos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Terbufos
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Terbufos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Terephtha].jc acid
Tetrach]oroazoxybe zene (TCAOB )
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1, 2,4,5, - Tetrachlorobenzene
Chu, I., D.C. Villeneuve, V.E. Valli and V.E. Secours. 1984.
Toxicity of 1,2,3,4—, 1,2,3,5- and l2,4,5—tetrachlorobenzene in
the rat: Results of a 90-day feeding study. Drug Chem. Toxicol.
7: 113—127.
U.S. EPA. 1984.
Terephthalic Acid.
mental Assessment,
Cincinnati, OH for
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ—
Environmental. Criteria and Assessment Office,
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachiorocyclopentadjene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachloroethyl.ene (perchloroethylene )
Buben, J.A. and E.J. O’Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role
of metabolism in the hepatoxicity of trichioroethylene and
perchioroethylene: A dose-effect study. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol.
78: 105—122.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetra-
chloroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachlorohydrazobenzene (TCHB )
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2,3,4, 6-Tetrachiorophenol
U.S. EPA. 1986. 2,3,4,6—Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronic
Oral Toxicity Study in Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachiorophenol 2.3.4.5—. 2,3,5.6 -
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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1,1,2, 3-Tetrachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chioropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorvjnphos (Stirofos )
Shell Chemical Company. 1968. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 115684.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Stirofos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental. Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetraethy]. dithiopyro hosphate
Kiminerle, G. and O.R. Kliminer. 1974. Acute and subchronic
toxicity of Sulfotep. Arch. Toxicol. 33(1): 1-16.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetraethyl lead
Schepers, G.W. 1964. Tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead. Arch.
Environ. Health. 8: 277—295.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Thallium and ComDounds:
Thallium (in salts), Thallium(III) oxide (Thallic oxide],
Thalljum(I) acetate, Thalljum(I) carbonats, Thal].ium(I) chloride,
Thallium (I) nitrate, Thallium sel.njt. (Tl,Bs). Thalljum(I) sulfate
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1986. Subchronic (90-day)
toxicity study of thallium sulfate in Sprague-Dawley rats. Office
of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA,
1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Subchronic (90-day) toxicity of thallium(I)
sulfate (CAS No. 7446—18—6) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report.
Prepared for the Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Project No. 8702—1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Thallium and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2- ( Thiocyanomethylthjo) benzothiazole (TCMTB )
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCMTB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Thiofanox
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Thiofanox. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Thiram
Hornshaw, T.C., R.J. Aulerich and R.K. Ringer. 1987. Toxicity of
thiram (tetramethylthinoram disulfide) to mink and European
ferrets. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38(4): 618—626.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Thiram. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tin and compounds
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) in F344/N rats and
B6C3F1/N mice (feed study). NCI/NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also
publ. as DHHS (NIH) publ Iss NIH 82—1787 and NTIS PB 82—242—553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Toluane
Andersen, I., G.R. Lundqvist, L. Mo]have, 0.F. Pedersen, D.F.
Proctor, M. Veath, and P P. Wyon. 1983. Human response to
controlled levels of toluene in six-hour exposure. Scand. J. Work
Environ. Health 9: 405-418.
CuT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1980. A twenty—
four month inhalation toxicology study in Fischer—344 rats exposed
to atmospheric toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables.
October 15, 1980. (Cited in U.S. EPA. 1985)
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1989. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of toluene in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Technical
Report Series No. 371.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft (on
Public Comment). EPA 600/X-84—188—2.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Toluenedjamjne (2,3—: 3,4— )
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Selected Toluenediamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Toluene-2,5-diamjne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Toluene-2,5-
diamine Sulfate for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 126.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Selected Toluenediamjnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
Toluene—2,6-djamjne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1980. Bioassay of 2,6-Toluene-
diamine Dihydrochlorjde for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI
Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Selected Toluenediamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
m-Toluidine
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA.
Toluidines.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
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Triallate
Monsanto Company. 1979. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 242057.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2, 4-Tribromobenzene
Carison, G.P. and R.G. Tardiff. 1977. Effect of 1,4—dibromodi-
benzene and l,2,4-tribromobenzene on xenobiotic metabolism.
Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 42: 189—196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2,4-Trichioro—
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. l987b. Drinking Water Criteria Document for
Trichlorobenzenes. Prepared by the Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-0012.
Watanabe, P.G., R.J. Kociba, R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronic
toxicity studies of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in experimental animals.
Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
Tn chiorocyclopentadjene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1 ,1, 1-Tnicb1o oethane
Torkelson, R.R., F. Oyen, D.D. McCollister and V.K. Rowe. 1958.
Toxicity of 1,1,1-trichioroethane as determined on laboratory
animals and human subjects. Am. md. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,l,l-Trichj.oro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1., 1,2-Trichioroethane
Sanders, V.M., K.L. White Jr., G.M. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Munson.
1985. Humoral and cell mediated immune status of mice exposed to
1,1,2 trichioroethane Drug Chein Toxicol. 8(5): 357—372.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2—Trichioro—
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
White, K.L. Jr., V.M. Sanders, V.W. Barnes, G.M. Shopp and A.E.
Munson. 1985. Toxicology of 1,1,2 trichioroethane in the mouse.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 8(5): 333-355.
Tn ch1ox o f1uoi omethane
Jenkins, L.J., R.A. Jones, R.A. Coon and J. Siegal. 1970.
Repeated and continuous exposures of laboratory animals to
trichiorofluoromethane. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133—142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Trichioro-
fluoromethane for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106. (Also pubi as DHEW (NIH) 78—1356)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4,4’ — Trichloro—2’ - bydroxydiphenyl ether
Lyman, F.L. and T. Furia. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4,4’—Trichloro-
2’-hydroxydiphenyl ether. md. Med. 38: 45-52.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for
Haloethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Trichiorophanol, 2,3.4—, 2,3,5—, 2.3.6—. 3,4,5 —
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2,4, 5-Trichioropheno] .
McCollister, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Toxicologic
information on 2,4,5—trichiorophenol. Toxicol. Appi. Pharinacol.
3: 63—70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trichioro-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2,4, 5-Trichiorophenoxyacetic acid
Gehring, P.J. and J.E. Betso. 1978. Phenoxy acids: Effects and
fate in mammals. Ecol. Bull. 27: 122—133.
Kociba, R.S., D.G. Keyes, R.W. Lisowe, et al. 1979. Results of
2-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of rats ingesting
diets containing 2,4,5-T. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 17: 205—222.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2,4,5-Trichiorophenoxy Acetic Acid. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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2 (2.4.5-Trichiorophenoxy) propionic acid (2 ,4.5—TP). (Silvex )
Gehring, P.J. and J.E. Betso. 1978. Phenoxy acids: Effects and
fate in mammals. : Chlorinated Phenoxy Acids and Their Dioxins,
Vol. 27, C. Ramel, Ed. Ecol. Bull., Stockholm. p. 122-133.
Mullison, W.R. 1966. Some toxicological aspects of silvex. D l:
Proc. 19th Ann. Meet., Southern Weed Conference, Jacksonville, FL.
P. 420—435.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1,1— and 1,2,2-Trichioropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichioropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
i, 1, 2-Trichioropropane
U.S. EPA. .1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichioropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ—
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Villaneuve, D.C., I. Chu, V.E. Secours, M.G. Cotie, G.L. Plaa and
V.E. Valli. 1985. Results of a 90-day toxicity study on 1,2,3-
and 1,l,2-trichloropropane administered via the drinking water.
Sci. Total Environ. 47: 421—426.
1,2, 3-Trjch1orop opane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983a. Final report 120-day
toxicity gavage study of 1,2,3-trichioropropane in Fischer 344
rats. Performed by Hazelton Laboratories.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichloropropanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated. Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2 . 3—Tricb1orop opene
McKenna, M.J., J.F. Quast and G.A. Stevens. 1978. Results of a
90-day inhalation toxicity study of 1,2,3-trichioropropene in
laboratory animals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45: 249.
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U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chioropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2,3, 6—Trichloroto].uene
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Villeneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli.
1984. Toxicity of trichlorotoluene isomers: A 28-day feeding study
in the rat J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B. Pestic Food conterin.
Agric. Wastes. 19(2): 183—192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
a, 2, 6-Trichiorotoluene
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Villeneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli.
1984. Toxicity of trichiorotoluene isomers: A 28-day feeding study
in the rat J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B. Pestic Food conterin.
Agric. Wastes. 19(2): 183—192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1.1. 2-Trichloro—1, 2 . 2-trifluoroethane
Trochimowicz, H.J., G.M. Rusch, P. Chiu and C.K. Wood. 1988.
Chronic inhalation toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats exposed
to fluorocarbon 113(FC-113). Fund. Appi. Toxicol. 11(1): 68-75.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,l,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trif lura] .in
Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft. 1984. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. MRID No. 00151908.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Trifluralin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Trimethy lbenzenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trimethylbenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1,3, 5-Trinitrobenzene
Cody, T.E., S. Witherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Chustion.
1981. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxic effects j vitro . J. Toxicol.
Environ. Health. 7: 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3,5-Trjnjtrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trinitrophenoig
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Trinitrophenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2,4, 6-Trinjtrotoluene
U.S. DOD (Department of Defense). 1983. AD-Al57-002. Defense
Technical Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vanadium
Schroeder, J.A., M. Mitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium,
niobium, antiuin, antimony, vanadium and lead in rats: Life term
studies. J. Nutr. 100(1): 59—68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-Hl08.
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Vanadium entoxide
Stokinger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain et al.
Unpublished results. Div. Occup. Health, Cincinnati, OH.
in Stokinger, 1981)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vanadyl sulfate
Schroeder, J.A., M. Mitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium,
niobium, antiuin, antimony, vanadium and lead in rats: Life term
studies. J. Nutr. 100(1): 59-68.
Vernolate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1983. Confidential Businesè Informa-
tion; unpublished study. Accession Nos. 249703—249704.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Prof ile for
Vernolate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vinyl acetate
Beems, R.B. 1988. Report No. V88-133: Histopathology of the
respiratory tract of mice used in a 104-week inhalation study
(Owen, 1988) with vinyl acetate. (TNO-CIVO Institutes, April,
1988).
Dreef-van der Meulen, H.C. 1988. Report No. V88-033/270836:
Histopathology of the respiratory tract of rats used in a 104-week
inhalation study (Owen, 1988) with vinyl acetate: Revised version.
(TNO-CIVO Institutes, October, 1988).
Owen, P.E. 1988. Vinyl acetate: 104-Week inhalation combined
chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in the rat and mouse.
Report prepared by Hazelton Laboratories Europe, Ltd., Harrogate,
England for the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., New York.
Report No. 5547-51/15. November, 1988.
1953.
(Cited
U.S. EPA.
Compounds.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
Washington,
1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
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OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
DC. ECAO-CIN-Hl08.
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Shaw, D.C. 1988. Vinyl acetate: 104-Week oral (drinking water)
combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in the rat
following in vitro exposure, Volume I. Hazeleton Laboratories, UK.
Report No. 5531-5/16. EPA Doc. No. 86-0000265. Fiche No.
0TS0514 156.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Enviroriinenta]. Effects Document for
Vinyl Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-Vinyl- 1-Cyclohexene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Vinyl-1-cyc ].ohexene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
m-Xylene
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NT? Technical Report on
the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-
Xylene, 13.6% p—Xylene, 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o—Xylene) (CAS
No. 133—20-7) in F344/N Rats and 86C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP
PR 327, NIH Pubi. No. 86—2583.
Tatrai, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of
long-term inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ.
Xenobiotics, Proc. mt. Conf. p. 293-300.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Xylenes (o-, in—, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
o-Xyl ene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on
the Toxicology and Carcinogenesie of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% in-
xylene, 13.6% p-xylene, 17.0% ethylbenzen. and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS
No. 1330—20—7) in F344/N rats and B6C3P1 mice (gavage studies).
U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 327,
NIH Pubi. No. 86—2583.
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Tatrai, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of
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Xenobiotics, Proc. mt. Conf. p. 293-300.
Ungvary, G., E. Tatrai, A. Hudak, et al. 1980. The embryotoxic
effects of o-, in- and p-xylene. Toxicology. 18(1): 61—74.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Xylenes (0-, in-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-Xy lene
Hake, C.L., R.D. Steward, A. Wu et al. 1981. Development of a
biologic standard for the industrial worker by breath analysis.
NIOSH—MCOW-ENUM-XY—77-3. NTIS PB82-152844.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Xvlenes. mixed
Carpenter, C.?., E.R. Kinhead, D.L. Geary, et al. 1975. Petroleum
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vapors of mixed xylenes. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 33(3): 543-
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Litton Bionetics. 1978. Teratology study in rats: Xylene. Final
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biologic standard for the industrial worker by breath analysis.
NIOSH-MCOW—ENUN—XY—77—3. NTIS PB82-152844.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on
the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis of Xylanes (Mixed) (60.2% m-
Xylene, 13.6% p-Xylene, 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS
No. 133-20—7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP
TR 327, NIH Pubi. No. 86—2583.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA-. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zinc
Pories, W.J., J.H. Henzel, C.G. Rob and W.H. Strain. 1967.
Acceleration of wound healing in man with zinc sulfate given by
mouth. Lancet. 1: 121-124.
Prasad, A.S., E.B. Schoomaker, J. Ortega et al. 1975. Zinc
deficiency in sickle cell disease. Clin. Chem. 21: 582-587.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Zinc. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Zinc cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats of
food treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Philbrick, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G.
Thomson. 1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate
feeding in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zinc phosphjde
Bai, K.M., M.K. Krishnakumarj, J.P. Ramesh, T. Shivanandappa and
S.K. Majunder. 1980. Short-term toxicity study of zinc phosphide
in albino rats. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 18: 854—857.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zineb
Blackwell-Smith, R.J., Jr. J.K. Finnegan, P.S. Larson, et al.
1953. Toxicologic studies on zinc and disodiumethylenebis-
dithiocarbamates. J. Pharinacol. Exp. Ther. 109: 159—166.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Zineb. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS
AceDhate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. MRID No. 00105197
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Acephate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
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in
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acrolein. Prepared
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Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Ac rvl ami de
Johnson, K., S. Gorzinski, K.M. Bodner, et al. 1986. Chronic
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Acrvlonitri le
Bio/dynairics, Inc. 1980a. A 24-month oral toxicity/carcinogen-
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Bio/dynainics, Inc. 1980b. A 24-month oral toxicity/carcinogen_
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Alachior
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice for aidrin, dieldrin,
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NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassays of aidrin and
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aidrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
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Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Allyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chioropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Aniline
CuT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1982. 104-Week
chronic toxicity study in rats: Aniline hydrochloride. Final
Report.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Aniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
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Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
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Arami. ta
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-Butylphenoxy)iSOPrOPY1
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Popper, H., S.S. Steinberg, B.L. Oser and N. Oser. 1960. The
carcinogenic effect of aramite in rats. cancer. 13(5): 1035-
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Aramite. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
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Arsenic
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983a. Approaches to epidemiologic
analysis of prospective and retrospective studies: Example of lung
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Conference on Environmental Epidemiology, June 28-July 2, 1982,
Alta UT. SIAM Publication.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983b. Implications of the multistage
theory of carcinogenesis applied to occupational arsenic exposure.
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 70: 455-463.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983c. A new method for the analysis
of cohort studies; implications of the multistage theory of
carcinogenesis applied to occupational arsenic exposure. Environ.
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Enterline, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Cancer among workers
exposed to arsenic and other substances in a copper smelter. Am.
J. Epidemiol. 116: 895—911.
Higgins, I. 1982. Arsenic and respiratory cancer among a sample
of Anaconda smelter workers. Report submitted to the Occupational
Safety Health Administration in the comments of the Kennecott
Minerals on the inorganic arsenic rulemaking (Exhibit 203-5).
Lee-Feldstein, A. 1983. Arsenic and respiratory cancer in man:
Follow-up of an occupational study. j : Arsenic: Industrial,
Biomedical, and Environmental Perspectives, W. Lederer and R.
Fensterheim, Eds. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
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Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Inorganic
Arsenic. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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EPA—600/8/83—021F. NTIS PB84—19089l.
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A QS
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of chrysotile asbestos (CAS No. 1200—29—5) in
F344/N rats (feed studies) technical report series No. 295.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Asbestos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft. NTIS
PB 86—118262.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Airborne Asbestos Health Assessment Update.
Prepared by the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84/003F.
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Azobenzene
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of azobenzene for
possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Technical Report
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Azobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Benzene
Ott, M.G., J.C. Townsend, W.A. Fishbeck and R.A. Langner. 1978.
Mortality among workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Arch.
Environ. Health. 33: 3—10.
Rinsky, R.A., R.J. Young and A.B. Smith. 1981. Leukemia in
benzene workers. Am. J. md. Med. 2: 217-245.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Interim Quantitative Cancer Unit Risk Estimates
Due to Inhalation of Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington,
DC for the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Memorandum from J. Orme HEB, CSD/ODW to C. Vogt,
Criteria and Standards Division, ODW, June, 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Benzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Wong, 0., R.W. Morgan and M.D. Whorton. 1983. Comments on the
NIOSH study of leukemia in benzene workers. Technical report
submitted to Gulf Canada, Ltd., by Environmental Health Associates,
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Benzidine
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Benzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80—023. NTIS PB 81—117343.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zavon, M.R., U. Hoegg and E. Bingham. 1973. Benzidine exposure
as a cause of bladder tumors. Arch. Environ. Health. 27: 1-73.
Benzo ( a) anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzo(a) pyrene
Neal, J. and R.H. Rigdon. 1967. Gastric tumors in mice fed
benzo(a)pyrene: A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 25:
553.
Thyssen, J., J. Aithoff, G. Kimnierle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhala-
tion studies with benzo [ a)pyrene in Syrian golden hamsters. J.
Nati. Cancer Inst. 66(3): 575—577.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regula-
tions and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA—440/5—80—069. NTIS PB
81—117806.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Benzo ( b) fluoranthena
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzo (k) fluoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Eenzotrichloride
Fukuda, K., H. Metsushita and K. Takemoto. 1978. Carcinogenicity
of benzotrichloride by the oral route of administration (J-4774).
j : Proc. 52nd Ann. Meet. Japanese Industrial Health Assoc. TSCA
8E Submission Document No. 88—8000360, Fiche #204867. P. 516-517.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzotrichloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzvl Chloride
Lijinski, W. 1986. Chronic bioassay of benzyl chloride in F344
rats and (C57BL/6J x BALB/c)F, mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
76:1231—1236.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzyl Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Berv l].iuni
Schroeder, H.A. and M. Mitchener. 1975. Life-term studies in
rats: Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J.
Nutr. 105(4): 421—427.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Beryllium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA—600/8—84—026F.
D— 102
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIs).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wagoner, J.K., P.F. Infante and D.L. Bayliss. 1980. Beryllium:
An etiologic agent in the induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastic
respiratory disease, and heart disease among industrially exposed
workers. Environ. Res. 21: 15—34.
Die (2—chioroethy ].) ether
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerio et al. 1969. Bioassay
of pesticides and industrial chemicals for tumorigenicity in mice:
A preliminary note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 101—1114.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Chloroalkyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, DC. EPA—440/5—80—030. NTIS PB 81—117418.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bis(2-Chloroethyl)
Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bis ( choromethy].) ether
Kuschner, H., S. Laskiri, R.T. Drew, et al. 1975. Inhalation
carcinogenicity of alpha halo ethers: III. Lifetime arid limited
period inhalation studies with bis(chloromethyl) ether at 0.1 ppm.
Arch. Environ. Health. 30(2): 73—77.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bis ( 2-chloro-3-methylethy].) ether
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenic Bioassay
of Bis(2—Chloro—l—Methylethyl) Ether (z70%) Containing 2-Chloro-
l-Ethylethyl-(2-Chloropropyl) Ether ( 30%) in B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Study). NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. (Also
pub].. as DHHS (NIH) 83—1795.)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Haloethers. Prepared by the Off ic. of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
D— 103
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Bis (2—ethylhexvl) phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of di(2—ethylhexyl) phthalate (CAS No. 117—81—7) in F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (feed study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 217, NIH/PuB-
82—1773.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Acid Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromodichioromethane
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP technical report on
the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of broinodichloromethane
(CAS No. 75-27-4) in F344 rats and B6C3FI. mice (gavage studies).
Board Draft. NT?, Research Triangle Park, NC. NT? TR 321.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoethene
Benya, T.J., W.M. Basey, M.A. Dorato and P.E. Berteau. 1982.
Inhalation carcinogenicity bioassay of vinyl bromide in rats.
Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 64:367-379.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Bromoethene. Prepared by the Off ice of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Bromoform
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trihalomethane (bromoform)
(CAS No. 75—25—2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Board Draft.
D—104
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Docun ent for
Bromoform. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
j. . 3—Butadiene
Hazieton Laboratories. 1981. The Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of
Butadiene Gas Administered to Rats by Inhalation for Approximately
24 Months. Prepared for the International Institute of Synthetic
Rubber Producers, New York, NY. Unpublished. (Cited in U.S. EPA,
1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Assessment of
1, 3-Butadiene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/8—85—004F. NTIS PB86-125507.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Butadiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzyl hthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cadmium
Thun, M.J., T.M. Schnorr, A.B. Smith and W.E. Halperin. 1985.
Mortality among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers: An
update. J. Nati. Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325—333.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Updated mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
Assessment of Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document
for Cadmium (May 1981, EPA 600/8—81—023). EPA 600/8—83—025F.
D—105
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIs).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captafol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captafol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Captan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbazo le -
Tsuda, H., A. Haziwara, M. Shibata, M. Ohsima and N. Ito. 1982.
Carcinogenic effect of carbazole in the liver of (C57BL/6N x
C3H/HeN)F 1 mice. J. Nati. Cancer Inst. 69:1383—1389.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbazole. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Carbon tetrachioride
Della Porta, G.B., B. Terracini and K.P. Shubik. 1961. Induction
with carbon tetrachloride of liver cell carcinomas in hamsters.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26: 855—863.
Edwards, J., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the
carbon tetrachloride hepatoina in strain L mice. J. Nati. Cancer
Inst. 3: 297—301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Carcino-
genesis Bioassay of Chloroform. Carcinogenesis Program, Division
of Cancer Cause and Prevention, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetra-
chloride. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA—600/8-
82—OO1F. NTIS PB 85—124196.
D— 106
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U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetra-
chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorany l
BRL (Bionetics Research Labs, Inc.). 1968. Evaluation of
carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic activities of selected
pesticides and industrial chemicals. Volume I: Carcinogenic
Study. NTIS PB 223159.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloranyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Chlordane
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1973.
Unpublished report to Velsicol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month
Oral Carcinogenic Study in Mice, December 14, 1973.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassay of Chlordane for
Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
8. Also publ. as DHEW Pubi. No. (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogenicity Assessment of Chiordane and
Heptachior/Heptachior Epoxide. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004. Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chi orodibromometbane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of chlorodibromornethane (CAS No. 124—48—1) in
F/344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282, DHHS
No. NIH 85—2538.
D—107
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u.s. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Chloroform
Jorgenson, T.A., E.F. Meierhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et al. 1985.
Carcinogenicity of chloroform in drinking water to male Osborne-
Mendel rats and female B6C3F1 mice. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. (U.S.A.)
5(4): 760—769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on Carcinogenesis
Bioassay of Chloroform. NTIS PB264—018.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8—84—004F. NTIS P386—105004.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chioromethane
CuT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981. Final
report on 24-month inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared
by Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).
1984. Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to
Monohalomethanes. NTIS P385-111623.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
4-Cbloro—2-methVlaflilifle
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Chloro-2-methylafliline and 4-Chloro-2—nlethylaflilifle hydrochloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
D—108
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Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Honthurger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty—one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long—term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Patho]..
Toxicol. 2:325—356.
4—Chloro-2-methylaniline hydrochloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Chloro-2-methylaniline and 4-Chloro—2-methylaniline hydrochloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long—term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2: 325—356.
Chioromethy]. methyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Haloethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Chloroni trobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ch loronitrobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger, et a].. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2:325—356.
p-Chloronitrobepzane
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloronitrobenzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfje].d, F. Homburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxico].. 2:325—356.
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Chiorthaloni 1
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of chiorthalonil
for possible carcinogenicity. DHEW Pubi. NIH-78-841, NCI-CG-TR-
41. NTIS PB—286369.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chiorthalonil. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Chromium (VI )
Mancuso, T.F. 1975. International Conference on Heavy Metals in
the Environment, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 27-31. (Cited in U.S. EPA,
1984)
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-
115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent
Chromium. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chrysene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Coal tars
Mazumdar, S., C. Redmond, W. Sollecito and N. Sussman. 1975. An
epidemiological study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatiles among
coke oven workers. APCA J. 25(4): 382-389.
Redmond, C.K., H.S. Wieand, H.E. Rockette et al. 1979. Long-term
mortality experience of steelworkers. Prepared under Contract No.
HSM-99-71-32. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH. June.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
EPA—600/6—82—003F. NTIS PB 84—170182.
Creosote
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D—llO
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Cresol, 0, m- and p-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Crotonal dehyde
Churig, F.L., T. Tainaka and S.S. Hecht. 1986. Induction of liver
tumors in F344 rats by crotonaldehyde. Can. Res. 46: 1285-1289.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Crotonaidehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
DDD
Toinatis, L., V. Turusov, R.T. Charles and M. Boicchi. 1974.
Effect of long-term exposure to 1,1-dichloro—2,2-bis(p-
chlorophenyl)ethylene, to 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2—bis(p-chloropheny].)-
ethane, and to the two chemicals combined on CF-i mice. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 52(3): 883—891.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDE
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of DDT, TDE and
p,p’ -DDE for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Report No. 131. DHEW
Pubi. No, (NIH) 78—1386.
Rossi, L., 0. Barbieri, M. Sanguineti, J.R.P. Cabral, P. Bruzzi and
L. Santi. 1983. Carcinogenicity study with technical—grade DDT
and DDE in hamsters. Cancer Res. 43: 776—781. (Cited in U.S.
EPA, 1988)
Toinatis, L., V. Turusov, R.T. Charles and M. Boicchi. 1974.
Effect of long—term exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloro-
phenyl)ethylene, to 1, l—dichloro-2 , 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) -ethane,
and to the two chemicals combined on CF-i mice. J. Nati. Cancer
Inst. 52(3): 883—891
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
D—il l
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DDT
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-
026.
U.S. EPA. 1986. The Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Dicofol
(Keithane), DDT, DDE and DDD (TDE). Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/600/6—86/001. NTIS PB87-
110904.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Decabrornodiphenyl Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste-, Washington
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Diallate
BRL (Bionetics Research Labs, Inc.) 1968. Evaluation of carcino-
genic, teratogenic, and mutagenic activities of selected pesticides
and industrial chemicals, Vol. 1, Carcinogenic Study. Prepared for
National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington,
DC. NTIS PB—223l59.
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerio, et al. 1969. Bioassay
of pesticides and industrial chemicals for tumorigenicity in mice:
A preliminary note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42:1101—1114.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diallate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dibenzo(a,b) anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0—112
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Dibromochioromethane
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of chlorodibromomethane in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
mice. NTP Technical Report Series No. 282. NTIS/PB86-166675.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenateci
Methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dibroinochloroinethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 2—Dibromo-3-chloroDropane
SRC. 1982. Review of Toxicologic Data in Support of Evaluation
for Carcinogenic Potential of l,2-Dibroino-3—chloropropane. TR-
82—723. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1986)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dibroino-
chloropropane. ECAO-CIN-410.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles.
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCPA/Super fund Docket.
1, 2-Dibromoethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,2—dibroino-
ethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Technical
Report Series No. 86. PB—288-428 (Also published as CHHA (NIH) 78-
1336). P. 64.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of 1,2—dibroinoethane in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation
Study), NTP Series No. 210. NIH Pub. No. 82-1766.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2-Dibroinoethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects A.s.ssment for Ethylene Dibroinide.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 4-Dichlorobenzene
Federal Register. 1987. National Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions; Organic Chemicals; Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants.
F.R. (July 8). 52: 25690—25717.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcino-
genesis Studies of 1,4-Dichlorobenzerie in F344/N Rats and B6C3F].
Mice —— Galley Draft. U.S. DHHS, PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3,3’ - Dichlorobenzidine
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman, J.A. Zapp, et al. 1975. Experimental
neoplasia in rats from oral administration of 3,3’-dichloro-
benzidine, 4,4’—methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) and 4,4’—inethylene—
bis (2—methylaniline). Toxicol. Appi. Pharinacol. 31: 159—175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-89/011.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1 , 4-Dichloro-2-butene
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study
with 1,4-dichlorobutene—2 (DCB) in rats. Final report OTS 8(e)
Fiche 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dichiorobutenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1 , 1-Dich]oroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,1-dichioro-
ethane for possible carcinogenicity. Nd Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 66, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,l-Dichloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dichioroethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1., 2-Dichloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,2-dichloro-
ethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carciriogenesis Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW Pubi. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dichloro-
ethane. EPA 600/8—84—006F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1. 1-Djchloroethy]ene
Maltoni, C., C. Lefemine, P. Chieco et al. 1985. Experimental
research on vinylidene chloride carcinogenesis. j : Archives of
Research on Industrial Carcinogenesis, Vol. 3, C. Maltoni and M.
Mehlman, Ed. Princeton Scientific Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of vinylidene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) in F344 rats and B6C3F1
mice (gavage study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228, DHHS No. NIH 82-
1784.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vinylidene
Chloride. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA—600/8—83—03j.F. NTIS PB 86—100641.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-
Dichioroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2. 2-Dichioropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on
the Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,2-Dichloropropane (Propylene
Dichloride). (CAS No. 78-87-5) in F344/N rats and B6C3F]. mice
(gavage studies). NTP-82—092, NIH Pubi. No. 84-2519, NTP TR 263.
U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH. August, 1986. Draft.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2—Dichioro-
propane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1. 3—Dichioropropene
Lomax, L.G., W.T. Stott, K.A. Johnson, L.L. Calhoun, B.L. Yano and
J.F. Quast. 1989. The chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of
inhaled technical grade i,3-dichloropropene in rats and mice.
Fund. Appi. Toxicoi. 12: 418—431.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of teione II in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S.
Dept. Health and Human Services, Technical Report Ser. No. 269.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,3-Dichioropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dichioropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Die3drin
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aidrin, dieldrin,
heptachlor or heptachior epoxide for two years. mt. Food Drug
Admin.
Meierhenrey, E.F., B.H. Reuber, M.E. Gershwin et al. 1983.
Dieldrininduced mallory bodies in hepatic tumors of mice of
different strains. Hepatology. 3: 90-95.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassays of aldrin and
dieldrin for possible carcinogenicity. National Cancer Institute
Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22. (Also pubi. as
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78-882.]
Tennekes, H.A., A.S. Wright, N.M. Dix and J.H. Koeman. 1981.
Effects of dieldrin, diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor
incidences in livers of male CF-i mice. Cancer Res. 41: 3615-
3620.
Thorpe, E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxicity of dieldrin (HEOD).
II. Comparative long-term oral toxicity studies in mice with
dieldrin, DDT, phenobarbitone, beta-BHC and gamma—BHC. Food
Cosmet. Toxicol. 11(3): 433—443.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dieldrin. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walker, A.I.T., E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The
toxicology of dieldrin (HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxicity studies
in mice. Food Cosinet. Toxicol. 11: 415-432.
Diethvlstilbestro l
SRC. 1983. Teview of Toxicologic Data in Support of Evaluation
for Carcinogenic Potential of Diethyistilbestrol. TR—83-562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles.
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCRA/Superfund Docket.
3.3’ - Dimethoxybenzidine
OSHA/NIOSH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 1980. Health
hazard, alert benzidine, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine based dyes.
DHHS (NIOSH) Pubi. No. 81-106.
Sellakuinar, A.R., R. Montesano and A. Saffioti. 1969. Aromatic
amines carcinogenicity in hamsters. Proc. Aiti. Assoc. Cancer Res.
10:78.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
3,3’-Diinethoxybenzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2. 4-Dimethylaniline
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4-Dixnethylaniline and 2 ,4-Dimethylaniline hydrochloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environ enta1 Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty—one environmental aromatic ainines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2:325—356.
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2. 4-DimethVlafliline hydrochloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4-Dimethylanhline and 2,4-Dimethylani].ine hydrochloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Hoinburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2:325—356.
3,3 ‘ -Dimetby] .benzidine
Griswold, D.P., Jr., A.E. Casey, E.X. Weisburger and J.H.
Weisburger. 1968. The carcinogenicity of multiple intragastric
doses of aromatic and heterocyclic nitro or amino derivatives in
young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Res. 28(5):924-933.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
3,3’—Diinethylbenzidine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2.. i.—Djmethylhydrazine
Toth, B. 1972. Comparative studies with hydrazine derivatives.
Carcinogenicity of 1,1—dimethyihydrazine, unsymmetrical (1,1—DMH)
in the blood vessels, lung, kidneys and liver of Swiss mice. Proc.
Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 13:34.
Toth, B. 1973. 1,1-Diniethylhydrazine (unsymmetrical) carcino-
genesis in mice. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies on
neoplastic blood vessels. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50(1):181—194.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,l-Dimethylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
1 2-Dimethvlhvdrazine
Toth, B. and R.B. Wilson. 1971. Blood vessel tumnorigenesis by
l,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochioride (synunetrical). Am. J.
Pathol. 64: 585.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2-Dimethyihydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
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Dimethyl sulfate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Dimethyl sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2 . 4—Dinitrotoluene
Ellis, H.V., S.H. Hageusen, J.R. Jodgson et al. 1979. Mammalian
Toxicity of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects of Lifetime
Exposure. Part I. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. NTIS AD—A077692. 281 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4— and 2,6-
Dinitrotoluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor
(CRAVE) Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final
coversheet and input onto IRIS.
2. 6—Dinitrotoluene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4— and 2,6-
Dinitrotoluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, 4—Dioxane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,4—dioxane
for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser.
No. 80. DHEW Publication No. (NIH) P5-285-711.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Of ice, Cincinnati, OH.
3. . 2-DiDhenv3.hydrpzjna
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of hydrazobenzene
for possible carcinogenicity.. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser.
No. 92. DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78—1342.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA—440/5—80—062. NTIS PB 81—117731.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2—Diphenyl-
hydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,2-Diphenyihydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct Black 38
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13—Week subchronjc
toxicity studies of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct
brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcinogenesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p.
127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Black 38. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Blue 6
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic
toxicity studies of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct
brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcinogenesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p.
127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Blue 6. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Brown 95
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13—Week subchronic
toxicity studies of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct
brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcinogenesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p.
127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Brown 95. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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Direct Sky Blue 6B
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Sky Blue 6B. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Epichiorohydrin
Koniishi, T., A. Kawabata, A. Denda, et al. 1980. Forestomach
tumors induced by orally administered epichlorohydrin in male
Wistar rats. Gann. 71: 922-923.
Laskin, S, A.R. Sellakumar, M. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation
carcinogenicity of epichlorohydrin in noninbred Sprague-Dawley
rats. J. Nati. Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751—757.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Epichiorohydrin.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA
600/8—83—032F. NTIS P585—132363.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Epichiorohydrin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethyl acrylate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carcinogenesis studies
of ethyl acrylate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethyl Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylene oxide
Snellings, W.M, C.S. Weil and R.R. Moronpot. 1981. Final Report,
Ethylene Oxide, Two Year Inhalation Study. Submitted to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Bushey Run Research Center,
Pittsburgh, PA. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA
600/8—84—009F. NTIS PB86—102597.
Ethylene thiourea
Graham, S.L., K.J. Davis, W.H. Hansen and C.H. Graham. 1975.
Effects of ethylene thiourea ingestion on the thyroid of the rat.
Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13(5): 493—499.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ethylene Thiourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Chevron study: Lifetime
oncogenicity feeding study of pholton technical (SX—946; folpet)
in CD-i (ICR derived) mice. Cited in U.S. EPA, 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Folpet. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde
Kerns, W.D., K.L. Parkov, D.J. Donofrio, et al. 1983. Carcino-
genicity of formaldehyde in rats and mice after long-term inhala-
tion exposure. Cancer Res. 43: 4382—4392.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Formaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Review Draft. Addendum to Evaluation of the
Potential Carcinogenicity of Formaldehyde.
U.S. EPA. l988b. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles.
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCRA/Superfund Docket.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
purazolidone
U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozolidone, nihydrazone, furaltadone,
nitrofurazone. Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule
making. Federal Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. DHEW. 1976b. Furozolidone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity
for hearing on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal
drug applications. Federal Register. 41: 19907—19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Nitrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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Fur i um
Cohen, S.M., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of
leukemia and stomach neoplasins in Swiss, R.F., BALB/c and C3H
female mice by feeding N—(4, 5-nitro-2-furyl-2—thiazoly].)acetamjde.
Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320—2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Glycidaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Glycidaldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Heptachior
Davis, K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrin, dieldrin,
heptachior and heptachior epoxide for two years. Internal FDA
memorandum to Dr. A.J. Lehman, July 19.
Epstein, S.S. 1976. Carcinogenicity of heptachior and chiordane.
Sci. Total Environ. 6: 103-154.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassay of Heptachlor for
Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
9, DHEW No. (NIH) 77—809.
Reuber, M.D. 1977. Histopathology of carcinomas of the liver in
mice ingesting heptachior or heptachior epoxide. Exp. Cell. Biol.
45: 147—157.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogenicity Assessment of Chlordane and
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Washington, DC. OHEA—C-204.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachior.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Heptachlox epoxide
Davis, K.J. 1965, July 19. Pathology report on mice fed aldrin,
dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachior epoxide for two years.
Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J. Lehman.
Velsicol Chemical Corporation. 1973.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIs).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nexach lorobenzene
Cabral, J.R.P., P. Shubik, T. Moilner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic
activity of hexachlorobenzene in hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachioro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-l. NTIS PB86-
117777.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexach lorobutadiene
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, G.C. Jersey et al. 1977. Results of a
two-year chronic toxicity study with hexachlorobutadiene in rats.
Am. md. Hyg. Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Hexachlorobutadiene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-053. NTIS PB 81-117640.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobuta-
diene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexacblorocvc ] .obexane-alDha
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki, M. Aria, et al. 1973. Histological and
ultrastructural studies on the hepatocarcinogeniCity of benzene
hexachloride in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:817—826.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachiorocyclohexane-beta
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. Toxicology of deldrin (HEOD)
II. Comparative long-term oral toxicity studies in mice with
dieldrin, DDT, phenobarbitone, beta-HCH and gamma-HCH. Food
Cosinet. Toxicol. 11: 433—442.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachiorocyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachiorocyclohexane, gamma (Lindane )
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. The toxicology of dieldrin
(HEOD). II. Comparative long-term oral toxicity studies in mice
with dieldrin, DDT, phenobarbitone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food
Cosinet. Toxicol. 11: 433—442.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lindane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexacblorocvclphexpne-technjca] .
Munir, K.M., C.S. Soman and V. Sainati. 1983. Hexachlorocyclo-
hexane-induced tumorigenicity in mice under different experimental
conditions. Tumorigenicity. 69: 383—386.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hexachlorocyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Hexachioroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Hexachioro-
ethane for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 68, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-1318.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Chlorinated Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachioroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hexachloroethane. Prepared by the Office of Health arid Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hvdrazine/Hydrazine sulfate
Biancifiori, C. 1970. Hepatomas in CBA/Cb/Se mice and liver
lesions in golden hamsters induced by hydrazine sulfate. J. Nati.
Cancer Inst. 44: 943.
MacEwen, J.D., E.H. Vernot, C.C. Haun, E.R. Kinkead and A. Hall,
III. 1981. Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Hydrazine: Oncogenic
Effects. Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-
Patterson Air Force Base, OH. NTIS
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Hydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Hydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Indeno(1,2 ,3-c,d)pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Isophorone
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of isophorone (CAS No. 78—59-1) in F344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291, DHHS
(NIH) 86—2547.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Isophorone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Linuron
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methoxychior
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methoxychior. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2—Methoxy-5-nitroani 1 the
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 5—nitro-o-
anisidine for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 127. 123 p.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methoxy-5-nitroanhline. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, Dc.
2—Methylaniline
Hecht, S.S., A. E1-Boyoumy, A. Rivenson and E. Fiala. 1982.
Comparative carcinogenicity of o-toluidine hydrochloride and o-
nitrotoluene in F—344 rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103—108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methylaniline and 2-Methylaniline Hydrochloride. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, Dc.
2-Methylaniline hydrochloride
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rivenson and E. Fiala. 1982.
Comparative carcinogenicity of o-toluidine hydrochloride and o-
nitrotoluene in F-344 rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103—108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methylaniline and 2—Methylariiline Hydrochloride. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4, 4-Methylenebis benzelamine
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of 4,4-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
mice (drinking water studies). NTP—81—143 NIH Publ. No. 83—2504.
NTP-TR-248.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzelamine, 4,4-Methylenebis. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington,
DC.
4.4 ‘-Methylene—bis (2—chloroanhline )
Konunineni, C., D.H. Groth, 1.3. Frockt, R.W. Voelker and R.P.
Stanovick. 1979. Determination of the tumorigenic potential of
methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline. J. Environ. Path. Toxicol.
2(5): 149—171.
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman, J.P. Zapp, Jr. and J.W. Clayton, Jr.
1975. Experimental neoplasia in rat from oral administration of
3,3-dichlorobenzidine, 4 ,4-methylene-bis(2—ChlOrOaflhlifle and 44-
methylene-bis(2-inethylaniline). Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 31(1):
159—17 6.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
4,4’—Methylene-bis(2—chloroaniline). Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4,4’ - Methylene-bis (N ,N’ - dimethyl) aniline
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of 4,4’-
rnethylenebis(N,N-dirnethyl)benzenamine for possible carcinogenicity.
NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 186. CAS 101-61—1. NCI-CG-
TR—186.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
4,4’—Methylene-bis(N,N’-dimethyl)aniline. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methylene chloride
NCA (National Coffee Association). 1983. Twenty-four month
oncogenicity study of methylene chloride in mice. Prepared by
Hazelton Laboratories, America Inc., Vienna, VA. Unpublished.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of dichloromethane (niethylene chloride) (CAS No.
75—09-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). NTP
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 306, DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride). Updated Carcinogenicity
Assessment. Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-
82—OO4FF. NTIS PB 86—123742.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methylbydrazine
Toth, B. and H. Shimizu. 1973. Methyl hydrazine tumorigenesis in
Syrian golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant histio-
cytoinas. Cancer Res. 33: 2744.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2—Methy l—5—nitroanh line
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 5—nitro—o-
toluidine for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 107. 102 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methyl-5-nitroaniline. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Mirex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NT? Technical Report on
the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Mirex (CAS No. 2385-
85—5) in F344/N Rats. NT? TR 313 (March, 1987 draft), NIH Publ.
No. 87—2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mirex. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. -
Niagara Blue 4B
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Niagara Blue 4B. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Chovil, A., R.B. Sutherland and M. Halliday. 1981. Respiratory
cancer in a cohort of sinter plant workers. Br. J. md. Med. 38:
327—333.
Enterline, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Mortality among workers in
a nickel refinery and alloy manufacturing plant in West Virginia.
J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 68: 925—933.
Magrius, K., A. Andersen and A. Hogetveit. 1982. Cancer of
respiratory organs among workers at a nickel refinery in Norway.
mt. J. Cancer. 30: 681—685.
Peto, J., H. Cuckle, R. Doll, et al. 1984. Respiratory cancer
mortality of Welsh nickel refinery workers. : Nickel in the
Human Environment: Proceedings of a Joint Symposium, March, 1983.
IARC Scientific Publ. No. 53. IARC, Lyon, France. p. 36-46.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria arid Assessment Office, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA—600/8—83—012F. NTIS PB 86—232212.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nitrofurazone
Erturk, E., J.E. Morris, S.M. Cohen, et al. 1970. Transplantable
rat mammary tumors induced by 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone
and by formic acid 2- [ 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)—2-thiazolyl]hydrazicie.
Cancer Res. 30(5): 1409—1412.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Nitrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2-Nitropropane
Lewis, T.R., C.E. Ulrich and W.M. Busey. 1979. Subchronic
inhalation toxicity of nitromethane and 2-nitropropane. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2(5):233-249.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Nitropropane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles.
Prepared by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through
RCRA/Super fund Docket.
N-Nitrosodi-n-buty lamjne
Bertram, J.S. and A.W. Craig. 1970. Induction of bladder tumors
in mice with dibutylnitrosainines. Br. J. Cancer. 24: 352-359.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
Lijinsky, W. and R.M. Kovatch. 1985. Induction of liver tumors
in rats by nitrosodiethanolamine at low doses. Carcinogenesis.
6: 1679—1681
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Mitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nitrosodiethylainine
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. Nitrosamine
carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16
different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water
of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the
effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats,
mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nitrosodilnethy lamine
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantoin and P. Grasso. 1984. Nitrosamine
carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16
different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water
of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the
effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats,
mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Pubi. 57: 627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of N-nitrosodj-
phenylamine (CAS No. 86—30—6) for possible carcinogenicity. NCI
Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 164, NIH 79-1720. NTIS PB298-
275.
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantoin and P. Grasso. 1984. Nitrosoamine
carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16
different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water
of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the
effect of age of starting 3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats,
mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Nitrosamjnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, DC. EPA—440/5-80-064. NTIS PB 81—117756.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosatnines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. l986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-Nitrosodi-
methylainine. Online. (Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for N-Nitrosodiphenyl-
amine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nitrosodj-n-DroDy]amjne
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects in chemical carcinogens.
: Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph,
Series 7. Springer—Verlag, Berlin. p. 60-78.
Druckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovic and D. Schmahl. 1967.
Organotropic carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nitroso
compounds on BD rats. Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIs).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nitrosomethylethylantine
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects in chemical carcino-
genesis. j : Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC
Monograph, Series 7. Springer—Verlag, Berlin. p. 60—78.
Druckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovic and D. Schmahl. 1967.
Organotropic carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nitroso
compounds on BD rats. Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103—201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nitrosomethy].vinylamine
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Nitrosamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Preussmann, R., D. Schmahl and G. Eisenbrand. 1977. Carcino-
genicity of N-nitrosopyrrolidine: Dose-response study in rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 90: 161—166.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Parathion
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathion.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Off ic. Cincinnati, OH.
1,2,3,4 , 5-Pentabromo—6—chlorocvclOhaXafl s
Blair, E.H. 1981. TSCA sec 8(s) submission 8EHQ—0381—0393; 88—
8100295 by Dow Chemical Co. Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2, 3,4, 5-Pentabromo-6-chlorocyclohexane. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pentach loronjtrobenzene
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valeria, et al. 1969. Bioassay
of pesticides and industrial chemicals for tuniorigenicity in mice:
A preliminary note. J. Nati. Cancer Inst. 41: 1101—1114.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Pentachloronjtrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachiorophenol
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1989. Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachloropheno]. (CAS No.
87-86-5) in B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). NTP Tech. Report No. 349.
NIH Publ. No. 89-2804.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Pheny lenedjamjne
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
o-Phenylenedjamjne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield and F. Nomburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2(2): 325—256.
2-Phenyiphenol
Hiraga K. and T. Fujii. 1981. Induction of tuxnours of the urinary
system in F344 rats by dietary administration of sodium o-
phenyiphenate. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 19(3): 303—310.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Phenylphenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Polvbrominated biphenyig (PBBs )
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of polybrominated biphenyl mixture in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). Fireinaster FF—1. Case No. 67774—32—7. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs). Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs )
Norback, D.H. and R.H. Weitman. 1985. Polychlorinated biphenyl
induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Sprague—Dawley rat.
Environ. Health Perspect. 60: 97—105.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for PCBs. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychiori-
nated Biphenyls (PCBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Document.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propylene oxide
Dunkelberg, H. 1982. Carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide and 1,2-
propylene oxide upon intragastric administration to rats. Br. J.
Cancer. 46: 924—933.
NT? (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcino-
genesis studies of propylene oxide (CAS No. 75—56—9). in F344/N
rats and 36C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). NT? Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
267. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC. NIH Pub. No. 85-2527.
Renne, R.A., W.E. Giddens, G.A. Boorman, R. Kovatch, J.E. Hasernan
and W.J. Clarke. 1986. Nasal cavity neoplasia in F344/N rats and
(C57BL/6XC3H)Fl mice inhaling propylene oxide for up to two years.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 77: 573-582.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Propylene Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
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Hirao,K., 1. Shinohara, H. Tsuda, et al. 1976. Carcinogenic
activity of quinloine on rat liver. Cancer Res. 36: 329—335.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Quinoline. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
RDX (Cyclonite )
Lish, P.M., B.S. Levine, E.M. Furedi, E.M. Sagartz and V.S. Rac.
1984. Determination of the chronic mammalian toxicological effect
of RDX: Twenty-four month chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study
of hexahydra-l,3,5—trjnitro-1,3,5-trjazjne (RDX) in the B6C3F1
hybrid mouse. Phase VI. Vol. 1. ITT Research Institute, Chicago,
IL. U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Contract
No. DAND 17-79-C-9161.
U.S. EPA, 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonite). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Selenium sulfide
NCI/NTP (National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program).
1980. Bioassay of selenium sulfide (gavage) for possible carcino-
genicity. NCI Technical Report Series No. 194. NTP No. 80-17.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selenium and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Simazine
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Simazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium diethyldithjocarbamate
BRL (Biorietics Research Laboratories). 1968. Evaluation of
carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic activities of selected
pesticides on industrial chemicals. Vol. I. Carcinogenic study.
Prepared for National Cancer Institute. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Nat.
Tech. Info. Serv., Washington, DC. NTIS PB223159.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Styrene
Jersey, G., M. Balner, J. Quast, et al. 1978. Two-year chronic
inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity study on monomeric styrene
in rats. Dow Chemical Study for Manufacturing Chemists Associa-
tion. December 6.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. National Cancer Institute
Technical Report Series, No. 185: Bioassay of Styrene for Possible
Carcinogenicity. Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.,3,7 .8—TCDD
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, J.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a
two-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. Toxicol Appi. Pharmacol.
46(2): 279—303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,3,7,8—TCDD.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/X—84—].94—I. NTIS PB 86—117983.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated
Dibenzo-p-dioxin. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/8—84—014F. NTIS PB86—122546.
1,1. L,2—Tetrachloroethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis studies
of 1,1,l,2—tetrachloroethane (CAS No. 630—20—6) in F344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-81—53; NIH Pubi. No. 83—1793;
NTP Technical Report Seroes No. 237. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1, i 2 ,2—Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 27, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-827.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Chlorinated Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA—440/5—80—029. NTIS PB 81—117400.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene )
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bioassay of tetrachloro-
ethylene (CAS No. 127—18-4) for possible carcinogenicity. NCI
Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 13, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-813.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127—18—4) in
F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation study). NTP Tech. Report.
Ser. No. 311.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
Final Document. NTIS PB 86-118114.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene): Updated Carcinogenicity
Assessment. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-82/OO5FA.
External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetra-
chloroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H009a.
p ,a,a, —Tetrach1o oto1uene
Fukada, K.S., Matsashita and K. Takemotol. 1979. Carcinogenicity
of p—chlorobenzotrichloride. Proc of Japan Assoc. of md. Health.
p. 330—331.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Selected Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
TetrAchlorovinDhos (Stirofos )
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Tetrachior-
vinphos for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 33. NTIS PB278650.
U.S. EPA.
Stirofos.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2, 4—Toluenediamine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of 2,4—diamino-
toluene for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 162.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
2,4-Toluenedialnine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
o—Toluidine
Hecht, S.S., K. El-Bayoumi, A. Rivenson and E. Finala. 1982. A
Study of chemical carcinogenicity of o-toluidine hydrochloride and
o-nitrosotoluene in rats. Cancer Lett. 16: 103—108.
U.S. EPA.
Toluidines.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
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Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
p—Toluidine
U.S. EPA.
Toluidines.
Assessment,
Cincinnati,
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Weisburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield and F. Homburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives
for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2(2): 325—256.
Toxaphene
Litton Bionetics, Inc. 1978. carcinogenic evaluation in mice:
Toxaphene. Prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD for
Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
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U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Toxaphene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, DC. EPA—440/5-80—076. NTIS PB 81—117863.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2,4,6-Trichioroaniline and 2,4,6—trichloroaniljna hydrochloride
Weisburger, E.L., A.B. Russfield, R. Hoinburger, et al. 1978.
Testing of 21 environmental aromatic acmines or derivatives for
long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol. 2: 235—258.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Trichioroanilines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
1, 1,2-Trichioroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,1,2-
trichioroethane for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 74, DHEW No. NIH 78-1324.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Chlorinated Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA—440/5-80—029. NTIS PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2—Trichioro—
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trichioroethylene
Fukuda, K., K. Takemoto, H. Tsuruta. 1983. Inhalation carcino-
genicity of trichioroethylene in mice and rats. md. Health 21:
243—254.
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Maltoni, C., G. Lefemine, G. Cotti. 1986. Experimental Research
on Trichioroethylene Carcinogenesis. Archiv. Res. Industrial
Carcinogenesis Series. Maltoni, C., Mehlman, M.A., Eds., Vol. V.
Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ, p. 393.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of trichloroethylene. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 2,
DHEW No. NIH 76-802.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carcinogenesis bioassay
of trichioroethylene. NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243, NIH 83-1799.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Trichioroethylene.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8—82—006F. NTIS PB 85—249696.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Trichioroethylene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8—82-OO6FA.
External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Trichloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
2.4. 6-Trichlorophenol
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of 2,4,6-
trichlorophenol for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 155, DHEW No. NIH 79-1711.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80—032. NTIS PB 81—117434.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,6—Trichloro-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Tn fluralin
Emmerson, J.L., E.C. Pierce, J.P. McGrath, et al. 1980. The
Chronic Toxicity of Compound 36352 (Trifluralin) Given as a
Compounds of the Diet to the Fischer 344 Rats for Two Years.
Studies R—87 and R-97 (unpublished study received September 18,
1980 under 1471-35; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Division of
Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN).
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Trifluralin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trimethyl. phosphate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of trimethyl-
phosphate for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep.. Ser. No. 81.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Trimethyl Phosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
2,4, 6-Tninitrotoluene
U.S. DOD (Department of Defense). 1984. AD—Al68637. Defense
Technical Center. Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental. Effects Document for
2,4,6-Trinitotoluerie. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Online. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vinyl chloride
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1988.
First Post-Comment Draft. Revised Toxicological Profile for Vinyl
Chloride. U.S. Public Health Service. Public Comment Draft.
Feron, V.J., C.F.M. Hendriksen, A.J. Speek et al. 1981. Lifespan
oral toxicity study of vinyl chloride in rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 19(3): 317—333.
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Maltoni, C., G. Lefemine, A. Ciliberti et al. 1980. Vinyl
chloride carcinogenicity bioassays CDT project) as an experimental
model for risk identification and assessment in environmental and
occupational carcinogenesis. Epidemiol. Anim. Epidemiol. Hum: Cas
Chlorure Vinyle Monomere, (Reun Club Cancerog Chim), 20th, Meeting
Date 1979, p. 11—112. Publ Essent, Paris, France.
Maltoni, C., G. Lefemine, A. Ciliberti et al. 1981. Carcino-
genicity bioassays of vinyl chloride monomer: A model of risk
assessment on an experimental basis. Environ. Health Perspect.
41: 329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Vinyl
Chloride. Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft.
NTIS PB86—118320.
U.S. EPA. l985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloroethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
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