Summary of Phase II
Regulations
National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations for 38 Inorganic and
Synthetic Organic Chemicals
April 1991
Office of Drinking Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC

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Preface
Note to the Reader
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for 38 inorganic and
synthetic organic chemicals on January 30, 1991 (Phase II Rule). The
following packet of materials was developed in response to this
rulemaking effort and is intended for use by EPA regional officials,
state and water system personneL The packet is organized into two
sections. The first section consists of a general fact sheet which sum-
marizes the Phase II regulatory requirements. The second section (or
appendices) of the package consists of a series of eight fact sheets and
flow charts which desaibe the compliance monitoring requirements
for the various groups of contaminants regulated under Phase IL The
entire package of materials has been designed such that individual
sections can be used by themselves or together.
-1-

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Table of Contents
Phase II Fact Sheet
S urnrnary
Regulatory Impact
Phase I] National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (Tables)
Compliance Monitoring Requirements (Table)
Regulatory Development Information
Appendices
• Fact Sheet on Standardized Monitoring Framework
• Fact Sheet on Asbestos
—Standardized Monitoring Framework: Asbestos
-Asbestos Flow Chart
• Fact Sheet on Niuate
-Niuate Flow Chart
• Fact Sheet on Nithte
-Nithte Flow Chart
• Fact Sheet on Inorganics
-Standardized Monitoring Framework: Inorganics
-Inorganics Flow Chart
• Fact Sheet on Volatile Organic Chemicals
-Standardized Monitoring Framewoit: Volatile Organic Chemicals
-VoLatile Organic Chemicals Flow Chart
• Fact Sheet on Pesticides
-Standardized Monitoring Framework: Pesticides
-Pesticides Flow Chart
• Fact Sheet on Uruegulated Contaminants
-Standardized Monitoring Framework: Unregulaxed Contaminants
-Unreg Waxed Contaminants Flow Charts: Inorganics and Pesticides
-U-

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Phase ii Fact Sheet
National Prlma,y Drinking Water Regulations for
38 Inorganic and Synthetic Organic Chemicals
April 1991
Summary
The January 30, 1991 rulemaklngs:
• Promulgate M ’n ’um Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and M iirnim
Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or ea ent technique requirements for 33
contaminants; and,
• Repropose MCLGs and MCLS for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoLde, aldicarb sul-
lone, pentach.lorophenol, and barium.
When both rulem kings are final:
I The addition of the 38 contaminants regulated under Phase II will nearly
double the number of regulated contaminants from the 38 contaminants
currently regulated to 64 when both rulemaldnga become effective in 1992.
Of the 38 Phase Ii contaminants, 27 are newly regulated. The remaimng 11
contaminants were previously regulated and were revised. Phase II will
establish:
• 12 new pes de MCLs for a total of 18;
• Two new inorganic MCLs and the deletion of one MCL for a total of 11;
• 10 new voLatile organica MCLs for a total of 18;
• Trea nent technique requirements for two contaminants; and
• One additional MCL for PCBa
These rules also Include additional provisions for:
• Analytical methods and laboratory pexformance reqtnrements;
• Best Av i1i h1e Technologies (BATs) for complianos with the MCLs and for
the purpose of issuing variances;
• Secondary standards for silver (0.1 mgfL) and aluminum (0.05 to 0.2 mgIt) to
address aesthetic con iderabons
• Mandatory health effects language to be used by systems when notifying the
public of violations; and
• State reporting, recordkeeping and primacy requirements.
Phase II Fact Sheet—I

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iu lementation Dates
January 1991 Standards for 33 contaminants promulgated
Standards for 5 contaminants reproposed
July 1991
Standards for 5 contaminants promulgated
July 1992
Standards for 33 contaminants effective
State adoption
January 1993
Standards for 5 contaminants effective
Monitoring for 38 contaminants begins
Regulatory Impact
• These regulations will reduce the exposure of three million consumers to the
regulated contaminants and result in an estimated reduction of 75 cancer cases
per year.
• Pesti des are expected to result in most violations, costs and benefits.
• Total costs to all public water systems will be approximately $88 million per year.
• State implementation costs will be $21 million initially and $17 million in future
years.
I Additional monitoring will be required for 200,000 systems.
• 80,000 community and northansient noncommunity systems must monitor
for all contaminants.
• 120,000 transient noncommunity systems must monitor for nitrate and
nitrite.
• Monitoring requirements will be standardized to 3/&’9 year cycles.
• Monitoring costs will generally be less than $10 per household per year.
• It will cost $24 million per year for systems to monitor.
• Monitoring for the 30 unregulated contaminants (contaminants that will
be regulated in future nilema ngs) will cost systems an additional $39
million.
• Approximately 3300 or three percent of all public water systems will be required
to provide trea ent or find an alternate source €1 water.
• Trea ent will cost $10 to $800 per household depending upon system
size, degree of cont.R1ninfition, and other factors.
• It will cost systems $64 million to provide treath ent.
• pbons will be allowed for email systems based on costs.
P1w..!! F Shot —2

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Phase ii National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
EPA Standards (mg14’
Drtnktng Water Final Final Current Analytic
Conteminants Health Effects MCLG MCI MCI Sources Method BAT
InofoanIcs
Asbestos benIgn kimore 7 7 MFL natural mineral deposits. TEM C/F, OF
also in AsbostosFCemeni (NC) pipe DMF. CC
Barium’ clradatoiy system 2 2 1 natural mineral deposits; oil/gas disHing GFAA. ICP, IE; IS,
operations; paint & olher industrial uses DMA RO. ED
Cadmium kidney 0.005 0.005 0.01 natural mineral deposits; metal finishing. GFAA. ICP C/F: LS;
corros n product in pkimbing 110. IE
Ctwomlum hverlk ldney, 0.1 0.1 0.05 natural mineral deposits; metal linishung. GFAA; ICP C/F; LS
skin, and textile, tanning and leather uKkistrles 110: IE
digestive system
Mercviy kk iey, nervous 0002 0002 0.002 lnduslrial/chemnical manufaclunng; MCV; ACV GAC; IS;
System fungicide; natural mineral deposits C/F. RO
Nitrate 10 10 10 fertilizers. feedlots. sewage; MCR; AHR: IF. 110.
natulrally in soil, imneral deposits ACR. ISE. IC EDA
P1jj e ntothAnw* nemI2 1 1 - unstable, rapidly converted to nitrate; ACH. MCR; lE. no
prohibited In working metal Ikilds IC, SP
Total Nitrate/Nitrite ---—--- --—----— 10 10 -
Selenium nervous system 0.05 0.05 0.01 natural mineral deposits, by-product of GHAA; GFAA EDR.C/F
copper mining/smelting AA.LS.RO
Fm MCLGs snd MCLI become e9e iv .M 1992 At that wns, the wnen* MCI, cease to be ettecbve
III - mdben hbera per hier, wilt lb., b.gth .1O niaons
Letels t bwnen, casb, thócasb s one. atika.b si4lozide d penIact orophenoI are proposed Finat veIs *11 be established by July 1991

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Phase II National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
EPA Standards (mg/I)’
Drinking Water Final Final Current Analytic
Contaminants Health Effects MCLG MCI MCI SOUrCeS Method BAT
Volatile Organics
o-Dich lo,obenzene
dsi ,2-DlctiloroelhyleflO
trans-i ,2-Dlchkroethylefle
1 .2-Dlchioropropane
Ethy lbenzene
Monochiorobenzene
Styrene
T , h4nrii thuIaflA
nervous system.lung.
0 6
0 6
industrial solvent, chemical All VOCS:
All VOCs:
liver, kidney
manulactunng 502 1
GACIPTA
502 2
nervous system, lIver.
0 07
0 07
industrial extraction solvent 503 1
circulatory
524 1
524 2
nervous system. liver.
0.1
0.1
-
industrial extraction solvent
circulatory
probable cancer, liver.
0
0.005
soil lumigant: industrial solvent
kings, kidney
kidney, liver, nervous
0.7
0.7
present in gasoline & insecticides;
system
chemical manufacturing
kidney, liver, nervous
0 1
0.1
pesticide manufacturing; metal
system
cleaner. industnal solvent
liver, nervous system
0.1
0.1
plastic manufactunng; resins used
In water treatment equipment
probable cancer
0
0.005
-
dry cleaning/industrial solvent
kidney, nervous
1
1
chemical manufactunng, gasoline additive.
system, king
industrial solvent
liver, kidney.
10
10
paint/ink solvent; gasoline refining
nervous system
by-product; component of detergents
Tobene
Xylenes
F1 MCLGI and MCL* become ifledive . iIy 1992 At thai ne. the aJlTsnI MCLs cease to be eftece e

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Phase II National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
EPA Standards (mg /I) ’
Dd,idng W er Final Final Current Analytic
Contaminants I$eaftbEffects MCLG MCL MCL Sources Method DAT
Pssllcldea and PCBs
Alachior probable cancer 0 0.002 - herbicide on corn and soybeans; 505, 507 GAG
(Lasso) under review for canceliat n 525
A ldlcarb’ nervous system 0.001 0003 - insecticide on cation, potatoes; restricted 531 1 GAG
(Terridi) in many areas &e to gw contamination
PJdlcarb sulon& neivous system 0.002 0 003 - degraded from akficairb by plants 531 1 GAC
AId art) su oxk1e’ nervous system 0.001 0.003 degraded from aklicarb by plants 531.1 GAC
roprocbclive and 0.003 0.003 - widely used horb kIe on corn and on 505. 507 GAC
(Mranex, Cr*sazria) ca Iiac non-crop land 525
Caitofuran nervous System 0.04 0.04 - sod fumiganhiinsec(icide on carnfcotfon, 531 1 GAC
(Furadari 49 and repto ictive restricted in some areas
Chiordano probable cancer 0 0.002 - sod insecticide for termite control on corn. 505. 508. GAG
polaloes; most uses cancelled m 1980 525
Dtmrmclaoroçropam probable cancer 0 0.0002 - sod fumigant on soybeans. conan. 504 GACJPTA
(06CP. Nemalume) cancelled in 1977
2 .4-D kver, kk iey, 0.07 0.07 0.1 herbicide br wheat, corn rangelands 5151 GAC
(Fomida 4.0, Weodar 64) nervous system
Ethylene d xomlde probable cancer 0 0.00005 gasoline additive; soil fumigant; solvent. 504 GAC/PTA
(EDB, Bromolume) cancelled in 1984; limited uses continue
He achlor probable cancer 0 0.0004 - insecticide on corn; cancelled n 1983 for 505. 508 GAC
(H-34. Heplox) ad but termite control 525
He achler probable cancer 0 0 0002 - sod & water organisms converl 505. 508. GAC
epoxldo heplachior to 11w epoxide 525
1 FIi MCLG w d UCL be om. I * Jiiy 1992 P.1 thaI me. the c*,r ir MCLI cease b be ellective
L. v s br barium. ab ci ivb aI .wi s,Ilonu, . ikbc b s dbm and pentathbotophenol are proposed F Seve4s w be eslabhsiwd by Juty I. 1991

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Phase II National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
EPA Standards (mg!L)’
Drinking Water Final Final Cuffefli Analytic
COntaminants Health Effects MCIG MCL MCI SOUrCeS Method BAT
Pesticides and PCBs (conEd)
Lindane nervous system, 0.0002 0.0002 0 004 insecticide for seed. kimber. livestock: 505. 508, GAC
pest control, most uses restricted in 1983 525
Methoxychlor nervous system, o.o .4 o.o4 0.1 insecticide on alfalfa, livestock 505. 508. GAC
(DMDT, Mailate) liver, kIdney, 525
probable cancer 0 0 0005 . electrical transformers, plasuci crs, 505. 508 (screen), GAC
tienyis (PCBs, Aroclor) banned in 1979 508A
Pentach lorophenoP pw ibie cancer, 0 0.001 wo&J pu I;i .tIuvu tterticidc , fb i. wood 525 GAC
liver, kidney uses banned In 1987
Toxaphene probable cancer 0 0003 0005 nsechclde/herbickle for cotton, soybeans, 505 (iAC
cancelled in 1982
2,4.5-TP nervous system, 0.05 0.05 001 herbicide on rangeiands, sugarcane, golf 515 1 GAC
(S vex) liver, kidney courses; cancelled in 1983.
Treatment T.CtU1IqUOS
probable cancer. 0 0 005% dosed flecculents in sewage/ none limit
nervous system at 1 mgIL wastewater treatment use
probable cancer, 0 0.0 1% dosed epoxy resins & coatings, none limit
liver, kidney, kings at 20 mglL flocculents used in treatment use
Analytical Methods Key:
TEM = Tr snussion Eledron Microscopy ACV - Au maIod Cold Vapor ISE = Ion Solecevo Electrode
E,jg ec Alomsc Absorption GI4M - Gaseous Hyclede Abmic AbsorptKn IC - Ion Chromatography
DAAA - Direct Aspiralon A nuc Absorption MCD - Mwiuai Cadeisum Redection SP Spoctrophotometnc
ICP - ln4jclve ly Coupled Plasma ACR - Automated Cadmium Reôicbon
Best Available Technoio
AA AcDvaied Akimina
CIF CoaguiaDonlFiltrabon
D I Direct Fth,ation
DMF Diatomite Filtration
gy Key:
GAG = Granular Acbvatod Charwal
IE = Ion Exchange
IS = Lime Softening
RO = Reverse Osmosis
Ucv = Usmial Cold Vapor AHA - Automated Hydmzuie Radection
EDR Electroc*aiysss Reve sa,
CC Corrosion Control
PTA = Padi ed To,,er Aera on
‘Final MCLGs ond MCLI become ollective Ady 1992 At that time, the ctxreni MCLsouase to be elleaivo
‘Levels br banum, aidearb aldearb suitono. aldsca,b st4lexide and pontachbrophenol are proposed Final levels wd be established by July 1991

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Compliance Monitoring
Requirements
Contaminant
Base Requirement
Ground water J Surface water
Trigger that
Increases
Monitoring
Waivers
5 Inorganics
I Sample every
3 years
Annual sample
 MCL
YES
Based on analytcal
results of 3 rounds
Asbestos
1 Sample every 9 years
 MCL
YES
Based on VA 1
Ni ate
-
After 1 year < 50% of MCL I SWS
may reduce to an annual sample
 50% MCL
NO
Nithie
1 Saznpleilf< 50% of MCL,
state discie on
 50% MCI.
NO
18 V
Quarterly for one Year
Annual after 1 year of no detects
 0.0005 mgfL
YES
Based on VA 1
17 Pesticides
and PCBs
4 Quarterly samples every 3 years
After I round of no detects: systems
>3300 reduce to 2 samples per year
every 3 years; systems  3300
reduce to 1 sample every 3 years
1)ete
YES
Based on VA 1
Unregulated
- 6 lOCs
- 24SOCs
1 Sample
4 Consecutive quarterly samples
NA.
YES
Based on VA 1
I = Vulnerability Assessment
Phas. II Face Sfrsrd —7

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Regulatory Development
I Proposed MCLGs, proposed MCLs and ea ent t.ech.niques - May 22, 1989
(54 FR 22062)
I Final MCLGs, MCLs, and ‘eatment technique requirements for 33 contami-
nants - January 30, 1991 (56 3526)
I Proposed MCLGs and MCLs for five contaminants - January 30, 1991 (56 E
3600)
For More Information
EPA Re iona1 Offices
EPA Region 1
Water Supply Branch
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3655
Conrsacticza, Mo,uac#uiseflz,
Maine, New Harn.shire, Rhcde
!alar&d,Vermont
EPA Region 2
Water Supply Branch
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-1800
New Jersey, New York, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands
EPA Region 3
Water Supply Branch
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-8227
Delaware, Maryland
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West
Virginia, District of Columbia
EPA RegIon 4
Wat.r Supply Branch
345 Courtland Street N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404)347-2913
AIaMm Ylonda, G. rgia,
Kentucky, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee
EPA Region 5
Water Supply Branch
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353-2151
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
EPA Region S
Water Supply Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, TX 75270
(214) 655-7155
Arkansas, Louisiana, New
Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
EPA Region 7
Water Supply Branch
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 551-7032
Iowa, Kansas, Miuow’i,
Nebraska
EPA Region S
Water Supply Branch
One Denver Place
999 18th Street, Suite 1300
Denver, CO 80202-2413
(303) 293-1413
Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
Wyoming
EPA Region 9
Water Supply Branch
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 744.2250
Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Nevada, American Sam .xz,
Guam, Trust Territories of
the Pacific
EPA Region 10
Water Supply Branch
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-4092
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,,
r
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline
1.800-426-4791
Washington
11g.
Phase II Fact Sheet—8

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Appendices
• Stai dardi zed Monitoring Framework
• Asbestos
• Nitrate
• Nitrite
• Inorganica
• Volatile Organic Chemicals
• Pesti des
• Unregulated Contaminants

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Fact Sheet on Standardized
Monftoring Framewotic
EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (1 of 8)
April 1991
Standardized
Monitoring
Framework
Compliance Cycle I
•Penodl
(1993, 1994, 1995)
• Period 2
(1996, 1997, 1998)
• PeriodS
(1999, 2000, 2001)
Compliance Cycle 2
• Period 1
(2002,2003, 2004)
.1 to 2010
This fact sheer swnmarizes the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Standard-
ized Monuoring Framework as promulgated under the Agency’s Phase I! Rule on January
30, 1991
Purpose
The primary objective of the Standardized Monitoring Framework is to reduce the
variability and complexity of drinking water monitoring reqwrements. The
objective is achieved through the standardization of monitoring requirements and
the synchronization of monitoring schedules across “rules or by contaminant
group.
Applicability
The Standardized Monitoring Framework currently applies to the 38 contami-
nants contained in EPA’s Phase II Rule. However, the Framework was designed
to apply to all source-related contaminants, including volatile organic chemicals,
pesticides, inorganic chemicals, and radionucides. Subsequent rulings by EPA for
such contaminants will, in general, contain monitoring requirements that fj R or
fall within the Standardized Monitoring Framework. In general, the Standardized
Monitoring Framework applies to all community water systems and all
nontransient noncommunity water systems. For some contaminants (i.e., nitrate
and nitrite), the Standardized Monitoring Framework also applies to transient
noncommunity water systems.
The Framework
For the purpose of standardizing monitoring requirements across rules or by
contaminant group, EPA has established a nine.year (based on a calendar year)
compliance c cl .e,’ with the first cycle beginning on January 1, 1993. The nine-
year compliance cycle contains three th,w-year compliance ‘periods. The
first three-year compliance period extends from 1993 to 1995, the second period
from 1996 to 1998, and the third from 1999 to 2001. The second nine-year compli-
ance cycle begins in 2002 and extends through 2010.
The Standardized Monitoring Framework encompasses both sampling and vulner-
ability assessments. The Framework provides states with the flexibility to deter-
mine at which point in a compliance period systems must conduct samphng
activities. For nm pie, states may wish to prioritize sampling based on system
size, vulnerability, lab capacity, and community/nontransient noncommunity
criteria. Once a system is scheduled to sample within a particular three-year
compliance period (e.g., the second year in the compliance period), the system
must then sample in the same year in subsequent compliance periods (e.g., the
second year).
Initial sampling for contaminants under EPA’s Phase II Rule begins in the three-
year compliance period starting January 1, 1993. Repeat sampling for applicable
systems is to take place during the compliance periods 1996 to 1998 and 1999 to
Stcrdardiu4 Mor itcrir&g Fr ’3r4.work—1

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2001. For subsequent rulings by the Agency, the initial sampling period for
contaminants will be during the first full three-year compliance period following
the effective date of the ruling (i.e., 18 months after the date of promulgation). For
example, if Phase V is promulgated in March 1992, the effective date of the ruling
would be September 1993 (the middle of a compliance period). The irutia. r3und of
sampling for Phase V contaniiriants would then take place during the 199o to
1998 compliance period.
Specific Standardized Monitoring Requirements
(To learn how these requirements are applied to the 38 contaminants in the Phose
II Rule, consult Fact Sheets 2 through 8 of EPA’s Monitoring Serws):
• All systems must sample at a base (or minimum) sampling frequency which is
specified by EPA for each contaminant or group of cont mi iants unless a
waiver has been granted by the state (see waiver section below).
• Initial base sampling requirements are the same for all systems regardless of
system size or water source. (This requirement does not apply to the inorganic
contaminants contained in the Phase II Rule.)
• Repeat base sampling requirements are generally the same for all systems
regardless of system size and water source. (Exceptions to this rule exist for
pesticides.) Generally, repeat base sampling requirements are reduced after
the successful conduct of initial sampling.
• All systems which “detect” a contaminant must conduct quarterly sampling
until the state determines that the analytical results are “reliably and consis-
tently’ below the maLmum contaminant level (MCL). Detection is defined
separately for each contaminant or group of contaminants at either the MCL or
at the analytical method detection limit (MDL). Groundwater systems must
take a minimum of two quarterly samples and surface water systems must
take a minimum of four quarterly samples before the state can determine that
the analytical results are “reliably and consistently’ below the MCL.
• “Reliably and consistently’ below the MCL means that though a system detects
contaminants in its water supply, it has sufficient knowledge of the source or
extent of the contamination to predict that the MCL would not be exceeded.
Wide variations in the analytical results near the MCL would not meet the
“reliably and consistently’ test.
Grandfatherlng of Data
• Sampling data collected three years prior to the beginning of an initial three-
year compliance period may be used to satisfy a system’s initial sampling
requirements. Such “grandfathering of data” would enable an eligible system to
sample at repeat frequencies which are generally lower than initial
frequencies.
• Vulnerability assessments may not be grandfathered.
Waivers
• Waivers to sampling requirements are available to all systems and are based
upon a vulnerability assessment and/or the consideration of prior analytical
results.
• WaiveTdeterminationSaretObemadebYthe5tateanbem 01
contaminant.bycontaminant basis.
Stardwdiitd Mori itcnr4 F,orø ew rh—2

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• Vulnerability assessmentS may be conducted by the state, a system, or a third-
party organization. States are to approve all assessments.
• Systems which do not receive waivers must sample at required base
frequencies.
• There are two basic types of waivers:
1) Waiver by Rule: Systems meet EPA-specified criteria.
2) Waiver by Vulnerability Assessment (two-step process):
Step 1—Use Waiver? A determination is made whether a given contami-
nant was used, manufactured, and/or stored in a system area. If thc an-
swer to the inquiry is yes or unknowTt, the system is susceptible ” to
contamination and a muse waiver” can not be granted.
Step 2—Susceptibility Waiver? If a muse waiver” can not be granted, a
system may conduct a thorough vulnerability assessment of the water
source to determine the system’s susceptibility” to contamination. Suscep-
tibility is to be based on: a) prior analytical and/or vulnerability assess-
ment results, b) environmental persistence and ansport of the contami-
nant, c) how well the source is protected, d) welihead protection program
reports, and e) elevated niUate levels. -
Systems with no known g 5 ptibility to conthmination (based upon an
assessment of the above factors), may be granted a susceptibility waiver.”
If can not be determined, a system is not eligible for a
waiver and must sample at the regulatory minimum or base sampling
frequency.
St rS4rthu4 Monitcr1r4 Fr5muurls—3

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Regulated
Contaminant
Contaminant
Asbestos
MCL
7 Million Fibers/Liter
(MFL).-(greater than
10 microns)
Fact Sheet on Asbestos
EPA Phase 11 Monitoring Series (2 of 8)
April 1991
This fact sheet summarizes the monitoring requirements for asbestos as promulgated
on January 30, 1991 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agenq ’s (EPA) Phase
II Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992.
Systems Affected
All community water systems (CWS) and nontransient noncommunity water
systems (NTWS) must comply with the Phase II monitoring requirements for
asbestos.
Sampling Points
1) Sampling must be conducted at each entry point to the distribution system
which is representative of the well or source water after trea ent.
2) Systems that are vulnerable to asbestos conthn ii ation, either solely due to
corrosion of asbestos-cement pipe or due to both corrosion of asbestos-cement
pipe and the source water, shall take one sample at a tap served by asbestos-
cement pipe and under conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely
to occur.
Initial Base Sampling
Between 1993 and 1995, all systems must take one sample unless a waiver has
been granted by the state (see below for summary of waiver requirements). The
state will designate the year in which each system samples within this compliance
period.
( randfatherIng
States may allow previous sampling data to satisfy the initial base sampling
requirements, provided the sampling data was collected after January 1, 1990.
Repeat Base Sampling
If results of the initial sample do not exceed the MCL for asbestos, then the
system would not be required to take repeat samples until the start of the next
nine-year compliance cycle (2002 to 2005).
Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling
The mn imum contaminant level (MCL) for asbestos is the trigger for increased/
decreased sampling (see sidebar for the MCL).

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increased Sampling (If MCL Is exceeded)
1) Any system cesding the MCL for asbestos must take q uarterly samples (in the
quarter immediately following the viola on) unbi a baseline is established (minimum of
two q ia for growsdwcter a etems and fair quarters for sur ,bce u ter systems).
2) If the state determines that the baseline is “reliably and consistently” below
the MCL, the sampling frequency may be reduced to the base requirements
Compliance Determination
1) If a system samples more frequently than annual (ie., quarteriy), the system would be in
viola on the annual average at any sampling point exceeds the MCL
2) If a system samples on an annual or less frsqu t basis, the system would be in v ola on
ifone sample(ortheav ige cithe inibaland confirmaum saznples)atanypoirtt
exceeds the MCL
Confirmation Samples
States may require a confirmation sample for any sample that exceeds the MCL.
These confirmation samples must be taken from the same sampling point and as
soon as possible (within no greater than a two week time period) after the initial
sample. If a confirmation sample is used, the compliance determination is based
on the average of the results of both the confirmation and initial samples.
Public Notice
A system in violation of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e.,
MCL, monitoring and reporting requirements, etc.) for asbestos must give public
notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects
language contained in the Phase II Rule.
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state discretion from no more than five sam-
pling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking
water laboratory.
1) For systems serving greater than b) 3300 persons, compositing is only allowed
at sampling points within a single system.
2) For systems serving less than () 3300 persons, compositing among different
systems is permitted.
Waivers
States may grant a waiver if, on the basis of a vulnerability assessment, the
system determines it is not vulnerable to asbestos cont. mination. The state may
grant a waiver based on consideration of the following factors:
1) Potential asbestos contamination of the water source, and
2) The use of asbestos .cement pipe for finished water disbibution and the corro-
sive nature of the water.
If the state grants a waiver, base sampling requirements are eliminated. Waivers
are effective for one three-year compliance period. However, waivers only need to
be renewed in the first compliance period of each nine-year compliance cycle. If
waivers are not renewed, systems must sample according to base requirements.
Aabeata.—2

-------
Standardized Monitoring Framework:
Asbestos (CWS and NTWS)
CALENDAR
YEAR
‘

BASE REQUIREMENTS
WAIVERS
(AU. SYSTEMS)
1991
<
‘
‘
,;
1992
)
,,.__fl *
‘ ‘;
— —f j
.
E
::

o

1993
.

t
1 sample
each sampling
point
wa eers Based on
Assessment
(NO Samples Required)
:
1994
1995
1996
1997
c
No Requirements
•
Not Applicable
,,
1998
1999
&!
No Requirements
Not Applicable
2000
2001
U>
4
2002
2003
2004
‘11
I
1 sampleat
each sampling
point
4
Warvers Based on
Vulnerability
Assessment
NOTE. States will des g note the year durtng each compliOnCe
penod In which each system must monitor.
Aabeito.-4

-------
Asbestos Monitoring Flow Chart
YES
Repeat Frequency
1996-1998, 1999-2001, etc.
Initial Frequency
1993-1995
•,.)
• .•• .. •
:. .!.!‘
Mbejtc .-4

-------
Fact Sheet on Nitrate
EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (30! 8)
April 1991
This fact sheet summarizes the monitoring requirements for nitrate as promulgated
on January 30, 1991 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase
II Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992.
Systems Affected
All community water systems (CWS), transient and nontransient noncommurutY
water systems (TWS and NTWS) must comply with the Phase II morntonr.
requirements for nitrate.
Sampling Points
Sampling must be conducted at each entry point to the distribution system.
Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after
trea ent.
Initial Base Sampling
Sampling for nitrate is to be conducted by all water systems beginning January 1,
1993. The frequency of initial sampling is as follows:
CWS and NTWS: Groundwater systems must sample annually
while surface water systems must sample quarterly.
TWS: Such systems regardless of the water source must sample
annually.
Grandfatherlng
Not allowed.
Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling
Any sample greater than () 50 percent of the MCL triggers the need for increased
sampling. Analytical results less than (c) 50 percent of the MCL for a minimum of
one round of sampling can trigger dea eased sampling requirements. The trigger
Is not applicable to transient noncommwslty water systems. (See side bar
for MCL and trigger level for nitrate.)
Repeat Base Sampling c 50% MCI.)
CWS and m’WS: Groundwater systems must continue sampling
on an annual basis as during the initial sampling phase. States way
reduce the sampling frequency to annual for surface water systems
provided the analytical results from four consecutive quarters is less
Nit
Regulated
Contaminants
ContRminanta
Nitrate
Total Nifrata Nifrite
MCL (for both)
10 mgfL (as Nitrogen)
Tr1t er (for both)
5 mg’L (as Nitrogen)

-------
than (<) 50 percent of the MCL, Repeat samples must be taken
during the quarter(s) which yielded the highest analytical results
during the initial compliance period.
TWS: Same as initial sampling requirements.
Increased Sampling ( 50% MCL or  MCL)
CWS and N’FWS: Systems collecting any sample(s) greater than ()
50 percent of the MCL must increase or continue sampling on a
quartcrly basis, regardless of the water source. States have the
discretion to decrease the sampling frequency to annual for ground.
water syetenss provided the results of four consecutive quarterly
samples are “reliably and consistently” below the MCL. States may
reduce the sampling frequency to annual for surface water systems
provid d the analytical results from four consecutive quarters is less
than - 50 percent of the MCL
TWS aine as initial sampling requirements.
Compliance Determination
If any sample axceeds the MCL for nibate, systems must take a confirmation
sample (see below). The compliance determination is then based on the average of
the results of both the confirmation and initial samples.
Confirmation Samples
Systems must take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the results of the
initi& sample are found to be greater than () the MCL. Systems unable to meet
the 24-hour confirmation sampling requirement must issue a public notice to
consumers of the system and must then analyze a confirmation sample within two
weeks of receiving the results of the initial sample.
Public Notice
Any system violating the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL,
monitoring and reporting requirements, etc.) for mbate must give public notice.
The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects language
contained in the Phase H Rule. The public notice requirements also apply to
systems unable to take con&mation samples within a 24-hour time period (see
confirmation sample section above).
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state discretion from no more than five sam•
pling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking
water laboratory.
1) For systems serving greater than (>1 3300 persona, compositing is only allowed
at sampling points within a single system.
2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persons, compositing among different
systems is permitted.
Waivers
Not allowed.
rt
Nisraje—2

-------
Nitrate Monitoring Flow Chart
ian N
satTçle
quarter which
prev us1y
yielded highest
analytical
Frequency
1993-1995
Repeat Frequency
19961998, 1999-2001, etc.
N&s,ctt—.3

-------
Fact Sheet on Nitrite
EPA Phase Ii Monitoring Series (4 of 8)
April 1991
TIus fact sheet swnm izes the moriuoring requu-eme,’us for nurue as promulgoied 0 ,1 Janu D7
30, 1991 wider the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase II R. de These
reqwremenzs will take effect on July 30, 1992.
Systems Affected
All community water systems (CWS), bansient and non ansient noncommunity
water systems (TWS and N’lWS) must comply with the Phase II monitoring require-
ments for nithte.
Sampling Points
Sampling must be conducted at each en y point to the disfribution system. Sampling
points must be representative of the well or source water after ea ent
initial Base Sampling
Between 1993 and 1995, al] systems must take one sample. The state will designate
the year in which each system samples within this compliance period.
Grandfather lng
Not allowed.
Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling
The i er f m eased/decreased sampling for ni ite is 50 percent of the MCL
Contaminant MCI. Trigger
Nitrite 1 mgt (as l (iU g ) 0.5 mg’L (as Ni gen)
Total Nfrat& Ni ite 10 mWL (as Mtrcg i) 5 mgt (as Nltroga )
Repeat Base Sampling (c 50% MCL)
If the iesulth of initial sampling are less than (c) 50 percent of the MCL, repeat
sampling requirements may be reduced at state disa’etion
N&trit c—I
Pegut ted Contaminants

-------
increased Sampling ( 50% MCL or  MCL)
1) Systems collecting any sample(s) greater than () 50 percent of the MCL must
sample quarterly for at least one year.
2) States may deaease the sampling frequency to annual provided the results of four
consecutive quarterly samples are “reliably and consistent!? below the MCL
3) Systems sampling annually must take subsequent samples during the quarters
which previously yielded the highest analytical result s).
Compliance Determination
If any sample ceeds the MCL for ni ite, systems must take a confirmation sample
(see below). The compliance determination is then based on the average of the results
of both the confirmation and initial samples.
Confirmation Samples
Systems must take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the results of the
initial sample are found to be greater than () the MCL. Systems unable to meet the
24 hour confirmation sampling requirement must issue a public notice to consumers
of the system and must then analyze a confirmation sample within two weeks of
receiving the results of the initial sample.
Public Notice
Any system violating the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL,
monitoring and reporting requirements, etc.) for nithte must give public notice. The
public notice must include the gpe flc mandatory health effects language contained in
the Phase U Rule. The public notice requirements also apply to systems unable to
take confirmation samples within a 24 hour time period (see confirmation sample
section above).
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state disaetion from no more than five sam-
pling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking
water laboratory.
1) For systems serving greater than (,) 3300 persons, compositing is only allowed
at sampling points within a single system.
2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persona, compositing among different
systems is permitted.
Waivers
Not allowed.
Nir*te—2

-------
Nitrite Monitoring Flow Chart
Initial Frequency
1993-1995
‘ ‘55 5..
S S
“ “( ‘ ‘ r” ’.• ’
Repeat Frequency
1996-1998, 19992001, etc.
Nisr e—3

-------
Fact Sheet on Inorganics
EPA Phase I! Monitoring Series (5 of 8)
April 1991
Regulated
Contaminants
0.1
ThLS fact sheet surivn izes the morawring reqwrernerasforfive ir orgaiuc cher, cals ‘b’v-zwn,
cadnuum, chromium, mercury. and seleraurn) as promulgated on Jaiwaty 30, 199! under the
US. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase II Rule These reqiarerneius will :a.ke
effect onfuiy 30, 1992.
Systems Affected
All community water systems (CWS) and nonfransient noncommunity water systems
(N’IWS) must comply with the Phase II monitoring requrnents for barium, cad.
mjum, chromium, mercury, and selenium.
Sampling Points
Sampling must be conducted at each enby point to the disfrlbu on system. Sampling
points must be representative of the well or source water after beatment
Initial Base Sampling
Grinindwater syst ems must take one sample during the compliance period 1993 to
1995. The state will designate the year in which each system must sample within this
compliance period. Surface water oys ms must sample annually beginning in 1993.
Waivers from sampling may be granted by the state (see below for a sumrnaly of
waiver requirements).
Grandfathenng
States may allow previous sampling data to satisfy the initial base sampling require-
ments, provided at least one sample was taken after January 1, 1990.
Repeat Base Sampling
Repeat base sampling requirements are the same as those for the initial base phase
unless a waiver has been granted by the state (i.e., one sample per three-year compli-
ance period fzgruwsdwater and *e sample each year for surface water systems).
Tugger for Increased Sampling
The m num contaminant level (MCL) for each inorganic chemical tri ers the
requirement for increased sampling (see side bar text for list of contaminants and
their corresponding MCLs).
MCL
I .,ir ,
Barium
2
Cadmium
Chromium
0.005
Mercury
Selenium
0.002
0.05
Ir orgwuc—I

-------
1) For systems serv rig greater than (>)3300 persons, composi ng is oniy allowed at
sampling points within a single system.
2) For systam serving less than ( 3300 persons, composi ng among different
systems is permi ed.
Waivers
Systems can apply to the state for a waiver from in±al and repeat base sampling
frequencies. Systems are eligible for both “use’ and “susceptibility” waivers provided
the system has conducted a vulnerability assessment Systems are eligible for waivers
beginning in th. compliance period 1993 to 1995. Waivers are effective for one compli-
ance period; they must be renewed in subsequent compliance periods or the system
must conduct sampling that is commensurate with base requirements.
Use Waivers
When a system, on the basis ofa vulnerability assessment, can demons ate that
volatile organics were not used previously in the water supply area (i.e., the contami-
nant was not used, manu ctured,, stored or disposed), the system can apply to the
state for a us& waiver. If a waiver is granted, sampling requirements are eliminated.
Systems inelig hle for a “use’ waiver can apply for a waiver based on “susceptibility.’
Susceptibility Waivers
“Suscep ility” waivers are contingent on the conduct of a thorough vulnerability
assessment, which considers evaluation of prior analytical and/or vulnerability
assessment resulti (including those of surrounding systems), environmental persis-
tence and fransport, how well the source is protected, Welihead Protection Assess-
ments, and prn irnity to sources of contamination. If a waiver is granted based on
susceptibility, sampling requirsmenta are eliminated for that compliance period.
Sampling Frequency with Waivers
Gruwidwater systems that have been granted a waiver are required to sample once
every six years and must update the vulnerability assessment at the midpoint or
three year mark of the period. Surface water systems with a waiver are required to
sample only at the discretion of the state.
Voiatile Organw Chertuw .—3

-------
Standardized Monitoring Framework:
Volatile Organic Chemicals (CWS and NTWS)
CALENDAR
BASE REQUIREMENTS:
REDUCED
GW
:
..
A S W GW
‘ ‘.. ‘ . 2’
• .••
SW

992
/
I
1 ’,,

—I—
4
. 2
.


C
0

E
0
0
—
g
.

—
1993
.
V


—

£ 1 sample at 1 sample at
I
I po4flt. po1nt —
4quarter ly
samples at each
sampling point :
I
I
± A
£
I :

U
State
dlscret Ofl
I I
I :
ôbi
somple
1:
II
i

discretion 1

I
I
1994
1995
i co
5
•


.
4 quortetty
samples at each
sampling point
I
1’
I
I
I 2
i sample
I
I
I
1997
1998
1999
•5S


2
4quartert y
samples at each
samplir g point
I
I
1 sample
I
I
4
I
—



$CfØ I fl 1

I
4:

— — son
Le

2000
2001
a,
E

a

I
2002
—
S



A
—
“
I
samp at ch — 11 sample
i
4 4
I
A

i
I
d

4L
I
2003
2004
*
1: ProvIded Initid monttorVtQ completed by 12/31/92
and the system hod no detectIon.
2: ReductiOn aSowed attef no detictiOn Wi flies yas
of annual monitofing.
NOlI:
States wil deiigflCte the year
0w1fl9 each complianCe period
Wi w$ Ch each system rni . t morutor.
vokta. Organic Ch.mwaI. —4

-------
Volatile Organic Chemicals Monitoring
Flow Chart
SW State c scretion
Initial Frequency
1993-1995
GW:1 sarr Ieper
year
Repeat
Frequency
1996-1998 1999-2001, etc.
IncreaSed
V abJa Organic Chv u —5

-------
Fact Sheet on Pesticides
EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (7 of 8)
April 1991
This fact sheet sumr,i rizes the monitor rig requirements for 17 pesticides and
polych!orinated biphenyli (PCBs) as promulgated on Januarj 30, 1991 under the
U.S. Environmental Protectwn Agenc/s (EPA) Phase II Rule. These requirements
will take effect on July 30, 1992.
Systems Affected
All community water systems (CWS) and nonbansient noncommunity water systems
(NTWS) must comply with the Phase U monitoring requirements for pesticides ar i
PCBs.
Sampling Points
Sampling must be conducted at each en ’ point to the disblbution system. Sampling
points must be representative of the well or source water after eatment
Inftial Base Sampling
Between 1993 and 1995, all systems must take an initial round of four consecutive
quarterly samples unless a waiver has been granted by the state (see below for
summary of waiver requirements). The state will designate the year in which each
system samples within this compliance per*od.
Grandfathering
States may allow sampling data collected after January 1,1990 to satisfy the initial
base sampling requn’ement8
Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling
The method detecbon limit (?,WL) is the fri er for in eased/deoreased sampling for
each pestiáde or B (see table on following page for a list of contaminants and their
rresponding nt minAnt levels (MCLs) and MDI4
Repeat Base Sampling (no detects)
If thn innnth are not detected during the initial sampling phase, systems may
deaease their sampling frequency beginning in the 1996 mpliance period.
1) Systems that serve greater than (>)3300 persons may reduce their sampling
frequenáes to two samples in one year per c npliance period.
2) Systems that serve less than ( 3300 persona may reduce their sampling frequen.
to one sample in each con pliance period.
Pesticides—!

-------
Regi ilated Contaminants
Contaminant MCL’ (mg/L) MDL ? (mg/L)
Alachlor 0002 00002
Aldjcarb 0003’ 00005
Aldicarb eulfoxide 0.003’ 0 0005
Aldicarb sulfone 0 003’ 0 0008
Atrazine 0003 00001
Carbofiiran 004 0 0009
Chlorüne 0 002 0 0002
D bmmxhloropr pa e (DPCP) 0 0002 000002
2,4-D 007 00001
Ethyleoe dibromide (EDB) 0 00005 000001
Heptachlor 0 0004 0 00004
Heptachior epox3de 00002 0 00002
Landane 0.0002 0 00002
Methoxychlor 0.04 00001
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBe) 0.0005 0 0001
Pentachlorophenal 0.001 0 00004
Toxaphene 0.003 0001
2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 0.05 0 0002
‘MCLaMa rnun Coctazn oant Level
‘ L Meibod i. oo Lanut
“MCLi COT aJdi zb, .Jdi ab lfo de, .ldiazb lfooe weee iepropo under the P ’r aae U Rule. final levels will
be pr nulgated by July 1. 1991.
Increased Sampling (if detected or MCL exceeded)
If contaminants are detected orif the MCL is exceeded in any sample, then systems
must sample quarterly beginning in the next quarter. Systems are to sample quar
terly until a baseline is established (minimum of two quarters for groundwater
rgdem. and four quarters for sur bce water systems).
1) If the baseline indicates a system is TM reliab)y and consistently” below the MCIJ, the
state may reduce the system’s sampling frequency to annual. (Annual sampling
must be conducted during the quarter which previously yielded the highest
anaiybcal result)
2) Systems which have three consecutive annual samples with no detection can
apply to the state for a waiver,
Compilance Determination
1) If a system samples more frequently than annual (i.e., quarterly or semi-
annually), the system would be in violation if the running annual average at any
sampling point exceeds the MCL.
2) If a system conducts sampling on an annual or less frequent basis, the system
would be in violation if one sample (or the average of the initial and confirmation
samples) at any point exceeds the MCL.
Confirmation Samples
States may require a confirmation sample for positive or negative results. If a confir-
mation sample is used, the compliance determination is based on the average of the
results of both the confirmation sample and the initial sample.
Peat ic4e a—2

-------
Public Notice
Any system violating a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., Ma,
monitoring and reporting requirements, eth.) for one or more of the 17 pesticides and
PCBs must give public notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory
health effects language contained in the Phase II Rule.
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state disaetion from no more than five sampling
points. Corn positing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water
laboratory.
1) For systems erving greater than (>) 3300 persons, composthng is only allowed at
sampling points within a single system.
2) For systems serving less than ( ) 3300 persons, compositing among different
systems is permitted.
Waivers
Systems can apply to the state for a waiver from initial and repeat base sampling
frequencies. Systems are eligible for both “use” and “susceptibility” waivers pro
vided the system has conducted a vulnerability assessment Systems are eligible for
waivers beginning in the compliance period 1993 to 1995. Waivers are effective for
one compliance period; they must be renewed in subsequent compliance penods or the
system must conduct sampling that is commensurate with base requirements.
Use Waivers
When a system, on the basis of a vulnerability assessment, demons ates that the
regulated pesticid&PCB has not been used in the water supply area (i.e., the contami-
nant was not used, manufactured, stored or disposed of in the area), the system can
apply to the state fir a “use” waiver. Systems not eligible for “use” waivers may still
quali1 for a waiver by evaluating susceptibility (see below).
Susceptibility Waivers
Suscepbbility’ waivers are contingent on the conduct of a thorough vulnerability
assessment Suth a vulnerability assessment must consider prior analytical and/or
vulnerability assessment results (including those of surrounding systems),
environmental persistence and ansport, how well the sotnce is protected 1 Wellhead
Protection Assessments, and proximity of the supply to so ces of contaminabon.
Pest cidu—.3

-------
Standardized Monitoring Framework:
Pesticides (CWS and NTWS)
CALENDAR
YEAR
-
BASE REQUIREMENTS:
AU.. SYSTEMS
REDUCED MONITORING:
PREVIOUS DETECTION
WAIVERS *
1991
1 992
‘ C’
:
j
S
u
E
o
°



1993
T
S


+
4 quarterly
samples at each
sampling point
r
,
Not Applicable

+
Waiver
It
1994
1995
1996
5 .
a
5

4 quarterly
samples at each
sampling point
,r
I
Systems Ser Ang:
> 3.300 -2 samples at
each sampBng point
< 3300.1 sample at
each sampling point
11
Waiver
1997
1998
1999
5 .



1
4 quarterly
samples at each
sompIir point
Systems Serving:
> 3300 -2 samples at
each sampling point
c 3300-1 sample at
eo h sampling point
.
War er
it
2000
2001
>

2002
4 quarterly
samples at each
sampling point
4
SystemsServlng:
>3300-2 samples at
each sampling point
<3300 sample at
each sampling point
4
•
Waiver
2003
2004
NOll: States will designate the year during each compliance * B .d on ‘use arid/or
period In which each system must monitor. ‘sicsp1lb Ity a ment
(No 5crnpI Reqiàed)
Peaticidu—4

-------
Repeat Frequency
1996-1998, 1999-2001, etc.
Pesticides Monitoring Flow Chart
Initial Frequency
1993-1995
CA
.‘
A,
‘)“ ‘A’
for increased
Frequency

-------
Fact Sheet on Unregulated
Contaminants
EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (8 of 8)
April1991
This fact sheet sw vr es the onenme moriuoring requu-enienis for 24 organic and 6 nor-
gwuc chemicals as proriudgaed on Janu ry 30, 1991 under the U.S Environmental Protection
Agency’s (EPA) Phase 1! Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992
Systems Affected
AU community water systems (CWS) and non ansient noricommunity water systems
(NTWS) must conduct monitoring for the 24 organic and six inorganic chemicals (see
sidebar for lists of contaminants).
Sampling Points
Sampling must be conducted at each entiy point to the disblbution system. Sampling
points must be representative of the well or source water after U ea nent
Sampling Requirements
All systems must conduct a one-time round of sampling, unless a waiver has been
granted by the state (see below for summary of waiver requirements). The specific
sampling requirements are:
1) For the 24 organic chemi ls, systems must take four consecutive quarterly
samples and report the results to the state.
2) For the six inorganic chemicals, systems must take one sample and report the
results to the state.
3) Sampling must be completed no later than December 31, 1995.
Confirmation Samples:
The state may require a confirmation sample for positive or negative results.
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state disoretion from no more than five sampling
points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water
laboratory.
1) For systems serving greater than (>)3300 persons, compositing is only allowed at
sampling points within a single system.
2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persons, composthng among different
systems is permitted.
U,wqisloted Cor ,tanur ar&s—I
Unregulated
Contaminants
Organics
Aidrin
Benzc a)pyTene
Butachior
Carbary l
Dalapon
Di(2.ethy lhexyl dipate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates
Dic mba
Dieldrin
Dinoeeb
Diquat
Endothall
Glyphoeate
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
3 -Nydroxycarbofwan
Methomyl
Metolachior
Metnbuzin
Oiamyl (vydate)
Picloram
Propachior
Simazine
2,3,7,8.TtDD (Dioxin)
Inorganics
Antimony
Beryllium
Nickal
Sulfate
Thallium
Cyanide

-------
Waivers
Systems may apply to the state for a waiver from the sampling requirements. Such
waivers may be granted for either the organics or inarganics, or both, as follows:
1) Waiver for Organics: When a system can rule out previous use of the chemical in
the water supply area (i.e., the contaminant was not used, manufactured, stored or
disposed of in the area), the system can apply to the state for a “uses waiver. If
previous use is un own, then systems may still quahf ’ for a waiver by evaluating
susceptibility. Susceptibffit ’ waivers are contingent on the conduct of a thorough
vulnerability assessment. The state may grant a vsusceptibility waiver based on
an evaluation of prior analytical and/or vulnerability assessment results (wdudmg
those of surrounding systsms), environmental persistence and anspoTt , how well
the source is protected, Wellhead Protection Assessments, and proxirnityto
sources of contamination.
2) Waiver for Inorganice: The state may grant a waiver if previous analytical
result s indicate contamination would not occur, provided this data was collected
after January 1, 1990.
3) Waiver for Very Small Systems: Systems serving fewer than 150 service
connections may obtain a waiver by sending a letter to the state indicating that the
system is available for sampling. This letter must be sent to the state by January
1,1994.
Ustrqul4ted Coraamincnts—2

-------
Standardized Monitoring Framework:
Unregulated Contaminants (OWS and NTWS)
CALENDAR
..
‘
“
BASE REQUIREMENTS:
AU. SYSTEMS
WAIVERS
Organics
Inorganics
1991
1992
.,
1993
Waiver
NOTE: States will designate the yec during each compliance
period In which each s tem must monitor.
* I
* Bas.don’L cnd/Or
c.pIlblIt? asse ment
(No Samples Reqiired)
4 quorterty 1 sample at each
1994 0 samples at each sampling point
___________ sampling Point
5 . . . ,,

F
? 4:: s:...
Unr dat.d Co,Uanunanta—,3

-------
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Flow Chart — Inorganics
Initial Frequency
1993-1995
“-S..
‘
‘‘ :•
I s

CS, .. ‘S.Y . .•
Repeat Frequency
19961998, 19992001, etc.
Ur qv4at.d Coritanw an1a 4

-------
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Flow Chart Pesticides
Initial Frequency
1993-1995
YES
Repeat Frequency
1996-1998, 1999-2001, etc.
Unregulated Contamtnan

-------
Increased Sampling
1) Any system exceeding the MCL for a given contaminant must take quarterly
samples (in the quarter immediately following the violation) until a baseline is
established (minimum of two quarters for grvund water systems and four quar•
ters for sw*ce water systems).
2) If the state determines that the baseline is “reliably and consistently below the
MCL, the sampling frequency may be reduced to the base requirements.
Compliance Determination
1) If a system samples more frequently than annual (i.e., quarterly), the system
would be in violation if the running annual average at any sampling point exceeds
the MCL
2) If a system conducts sampling on an annual or less frequent basis, the system
would be in violation if one sample (or the average of the initial and confirmation
samples) at any point exceeds the MCL
Confirmation Samples
States may require a confirmation sample for any sample that exceeds the MCL
These confirmation samples must be taken from the same sampling point and as soon
as possible (within no greater than a two week time period) after the in itial sample. If
a confirmation sample is used, the compliance determination is based on the average
of the results of both the confirmation sample and the initial sample.
Public Notice
Any system violating the National Prirnaiy Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL,
monitoring and reporting requir ents, etc.) for one or more of the five inorganic
chemicals must give public notice. The public notice must include the specific manda-
tory health effects language contained in the Phase U Rule.
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state disaetion from no more than five sampling
points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water
laboratory.
1) Forsystemsservinggreaterthan(>)3300persons,composibngisonlyallowedat
sampling points within a single system.
2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persons, compositing among different
systems is permiUed.
Waivers
States may grant ‘waivers by rule’ to systems of up to nine years (or one compliance
cyde)f eachofthefiv eincconthants.IerthqUalfYf0ra w a1v e r ,a
system must have three previous compliance samples (including one taken after
January 1, 1990), and all previous analytical results must be below the MCL (see
grandfathering section above). The waiver must be granted at the beginning of the
year in which the system is scheduled to sample, otherwise the system is subject to
base sampling requrnenta. Systems must take at least one sample during the nine-
year waiver period.
Iriorgoruci—2

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The state must consider a variety of issues in malQng the waiver by rule” determina
tion, such as:
1) reported on n a ons from all previous monitoring,
2) degree of variation in reported conceithitions, and
3) other factors which may affect contaminant concenUations (i.e., groundwater
pumping rates, changes in the system’s configuration, changes in the system’s
operating procedures, or changes in s eam flows or characteristics).
lr.oitar c.— 3

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Standardized Monitoring Framework:
Inorganics (CWS and NTWS)
NOTE: States wlU designote the yeor du ng each complionce
penod in which each system must monitor.
CALENDAR
YEAR
.
BASE REQUIREMENTS
WAIVERS
CALL SYSTEMS)
SW
1991
-
GW
-. - -
Statemayw v thebose
monrtoqlng re irements
after 3 mp s of ss th
the MCLCre taken
1992
- -
:
‘
U
>
U

U
C
.
E
0
0
0

‘

c
1993
—

C
isampleat
each sampling
point
isampleat
each sampling
point
1 sample at
each sampling
point
.
‘P
isampleat
each sampling
point
1994
1( e
I
isamplect
•
each sampling
point
1996
isampleat
each sampling
point
Sample at
each sampling
point
1997
1 sample at
each sampling
point
lsampleot
each sampling
point
1998
1999
a


—
isompleaf
each sampling
point
lsarnpleat
each sampling
point
2000
isampleaf
each sompVng
point
Isompleaf
each sampling
point
2001
o
g
90



°
J
2002
2




1 sampleot
each sampling
point
isampleot
each sampling
point
I
2003
lsarnp leat
each sampling
po t
2004
lsamp lect
each sampling
point
4
Inorgaruca—4

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Inorganics Monitoring Flow Chart
NO
Initial Frequency
1993.1995
Repeat Frequency
19961998, 1999-2001 etc.
ledirecuncy ,

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E lght Ivocs
Berizene
Cw te chlc de
1 ,2-Dic} thane
1,1 Dichl thylene
para-Dichl obenzene
1,1,1-Thc ethane
Thchl cethylene
Vin 1 th1 de
Styrene
Te } oethy1ene
Tohane
ax is-1,2.
l ,lcrveth)4ene
x ( )
M L
(mg
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.075
0.20
0.005
0.0w
0.005
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.005
1
Fact Sheet on Volatile
Organic Chemicals
EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (6 of 8)
April 1991
This fact sheet swnmarizes the monuoruig requzremenzs for 10 new volatile organw chenucaL
(VOCs) as promulgated on January 30. 1991 wider the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency’s (EPA) Phase 1! Rule and will apply eventually to the 8 VOCs currently regulated The
mora wring requirements will take effect/or all 18 VOCs on July 30. 1992
Systems Affected
All community water systems (CWS) and non ansient noncommunity water systems
(NTWS) must comply with the R ase Ii monitoring requirements for volatile organic
chemicals.
Sampllng Points
Regulated
Contaminants
Sampling must be conducted at each entiy point to the dis ibu on system. Sampling
points must be representative of the well or source water after tieatinent If condi-
tions warrant, the state may designate additional sampling points within the disth.
bution system or at consumer taps which more axurately determine consumer
exposure.
Initial Base Sampling
Between 1993 and 1995, all systems must take four consecutive quarterly samples for
each of the new contaminants, unless (a) a waiver has been granted by the state (see
waiver requirements below) or (b) the system has previous sampling data that
qualifies it for reduced sampling (see grandfathering section below). The state will
designate the year in which each system samples within this compliance period
Grandfatherlng
Ten New VOCs Mc I. ( rn /t. )
s 1d ethylene 0.07
lThchluiwuu ne
Ethylbenzene
M oc benww
o -Dihl cben ne
States may allow sampling data collected after January 1, 1988 to satisfy the initial
base sampling requirements. If the initial samples for the new organics are completed
byDecember3l, 1992 andthe system didnotdetectanyoftheorganics,then the
system shall take one sample annually beginning January 1,1993.
0.1
10
Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling
The method detection limit (? L) is the fri er for inoreased/de eased sampling for
each of the volatile organics. [ See side bar for a list of conthminants and their corre-
sponding ma mum contaminant levels (MCLs) and MDLsI.
NOTE: Th. method dut. jot
li (MDL) for all 18 volatile
organi ii 0.0006 o gt
Repeat Base Sampling (no detects)
Systems would continue taking four consecutive quarterly samples during subsequent
threeyear compliance periods. However, if contamir’ai’ts are not detected during the
VolatiJs Organic Chemkal.—1

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initial round of sampling, then systems could deaease their sampling frequency
beginning in the 1996 compliance period as follows:
1) Groundwater systems would take one sample annually. After three years of
annual sampling and no previous detection, growidwater systems could reduce
their sampling frequency to one sample per compliance period.
2) SurfacE water systeriw must sample annual
Increased Sampling (It detected or MCL exceeded)
If contamjnant are detected at the MDL or ilthe MCL is exceeded, then systems
must sample quarterly beginning in the next quarter.
1) Systems remain on quarterly sampling until a baseline is established (minimum
of two quarters for groundwater systems and four quarters for surface water
systems).
2) If the baseline indicates a system is ‘reliably and consistently’ below the MCLI the
state may reduce the system’s sampling frequency to annual. (Annual sampling
must be conducted during the quarter which previously yielded the highest
analytical result)
3) Systems which have three consecutive annual samples with no detection may
apply to the state for a waiver (see waiver requirement. below).
4) If any detection exceeds the MCL, both groundwater and surface water sy
ferns must take four consecutive quarterly samples until a reliable baseline is
established
Compuance Determination
1) If a system samples more frequently than annually (quarterly or semi-annually),
the system is in violation i(the annual average at any sampling point exceeds the
MCL
2)
violation if one sample (or the average of the original and confirmation samples) at
any point exceeds the MCL
Confirmation Samples
States may requne a confirmation sample for positive or n ative results. If taken,
the compliance determination must be based on the average of the results of both the
confirmation sample and the initial sample.
Public Notice
Any system violating any National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (MCL,
monitoring and reporting requirements, etci for one or more of the VOC. must grve
public notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects
Language for each of the new VOC. contained in the Phase U Rule.
Compositing
Composite samples are allowed at state disoretion from no more than five sampling
point.. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water
Laboratory.
Vdn1i1 Orgwuc Chmj 2,—2

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