Summary of Phase II Regulations National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for 38 Inorganic and Synthetic Organic Chemicals April 1991 Office of Drinking Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC ------- ------- Preface Note to the Reader The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for 38 inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals on January 30, 1991 (Phase II Rule). The following packet of materials was developed in response to this rulemaking effort and is intended for use by EPA regional officials, state and water system personneL The packet is organized into two sections. The first section consists of a general fact sheet which sum- marizes the Phase II regulatory requirements. The second section (or appendices) of the package consists of a series of eight fact sheets and flow charts which desaibe the compliance monitoring requirements for the various groups of contaminants regulated under Phase IL The entire package of materials has been designed such that individual sections can be used by themselves or together. -1- ------- Table of Contents Phase II Fact Sheet S urnrnary Regulatory Impact Phase I] National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (Tables) Compliance Monitoring Requirements (Table) Regulatory Development Information Appendices • Fact Sheet on Standardized Monitoring Framework • Fact Sheet on Asbestos —Standardized Monitoring Framework: Asbestos -Asbestos Flow Chart • Fact Sheet on Niuate -Niuate Flow Chart • Fact Sheet on Nithte -Nithte Flow Chart • Fact Sheet on Inorganics -Standardized Monitoring Framework: Inorganics -Inorganics Flow Chart • Fact Sheet on Volatile Organic Chemicals -Standardized Monitoring Framewoit: Volatile Organic Chemicals -VoLatile Organic Chemicals Flow Chart • Fact Sheet on Pesticides -Standardized Monitoring Framework: Pesticides -Pesticides Flow Chart • Fact Sheet on Uruegulated Contaminants -Standardized Monitoring Framework: Unregulaxed Contaminants -Unreg Waxed Contaminants Flow Charts: Inorganics and Pesticides -U- ------- Phase ii Fact Sheet National Prlma,y Drinking Water Regulations for 38 Inorganic and Synthetic Organic Chemicals April 1991 Summary The January 30, 1991 rulemaklngs: • Promulgate M ’n ’um Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and M iirnim Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or ea ent technique requirements for 33 contaminants; and, • Repropose MCLGs and MCLS for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoLde, aldicarb sul- lone, pentach.lorophenol, and barium. When both rulem kings are final: I The addition of the 38 contaminants regulated under Phase II will nearly double the number of regulated contaminants from the 38 contaminants currently regulated to 64 when both rulemaldnga become effective in 1992. Of the 38 Phase Ii contaminants, 27 are newly regulated. The remaimng 11 contaminants were previously regulated and were revised. Phase II will establish: • 12 new pes de MCLs for a total of 18; • Two new inorganic MCLs and the deletion of one MCL for a total of 11; • 10 new voLatile organica MCLs for a total of 18; • Trea nent technique requirements for two contaminants; and • One additional MCL for PCBa These rules also Include additional provisions for: • Analytical methods and laboratory pexformance reqtnrements; • Best Av i1i h1e Technologies (BATs) for complianos with the MCLs and for the purpose of issuing variances; • Secondary standards for silver (0.1 mgfL) and aluminum (0.05 to 0.2 mgIt) to address aesthetic con iderabons • Mandatory health effects language to be used by systems when notifying the public of violations; and • State reporting, recordkeeping and primacy requirements. Phase II Fact Sheet—I ------- iu lementation Dates January 1991 Standards for 33 contaminants promulgated Standards for 5 contaminants reproposed July 1991 Standards for 5 contaminants promulgated July 1992 Standards for 33 contaminants effective State adoption January 1993 Standards for 5 contaminants effective Monitoring for 38 contaminants begins Regulatory Impact • These regulations will reduce the exposure of three million consumers to the regulated contaminants and result in an estimated reduction of 75 cancer cases per year. • Pesti des are expected to result in most violations, costs and benefits. • Total costs to all public water systems will be approximately $88 million per year. • State implementation costs will be $21 million initially and $17 million in future years. I Additional monitoring will be required for 200,000 systems. • 80,000 community and northansient noncommunity systems must monitor for all contaminants. • 120,000 transient noncommunity systems must monitor for nitrate and nitrite. • Monitoring requirements will be standardized to 3/&’9 year cycles. • Monitoring costs will generally be less than $10 per household per year. • It will cost $24 million per year for systems to monitor. • Monitoring for the 30 unregulated contaminants (contaminants that will be regulated in future nilema ngs) will cost systems an additional $39 million. • Approximately 3300 or three percent of all public water systems will be required to provide trea ent or find an alternate source €1 water. • Trea ent will cost $10 to $800 per household depending upon system size, degree of cont.R1ninfition, and other factors. • It will cost systems $64 million to provide treath ent. • pbons will be allowed for email systems based on costs. P1w..!! F Shot —2 ------- Phase ii National Primary Drinking Water Regulations EPA Standards (mg14’ Drtnktng Water Final Final Current Analytic Conteminants Health Effects MCLG MCI MCI Sources Method BAT InofoanIcs Asbestos benIgn kimore 7 7 MFL natural mineral deposits. TEM C/F, OF also in AsbostosFCemeni (NC) pipe DMF. CC Barium’ clradatoiy system 2 2 1 natural mineral deposits; oil/gas disHing GFAA. ICP, IE; IS, operations; paint & olher industrial uses DMA RO. ED Cadmium kidney 0.005 0.005 0.01 natural mineral deposits; metal finishing. GFAA. ICP C/F: LS; corros n product in pkimbing 110. IE Ctwomlum hverlk ldney, 0.1 0.1 0.05 natural mineral deposits; metal linishung. GFAA; ICP C/F; LS skin, and textile, tanning and leather uKkistrles 110: IE digestive system Mercviy kk iey, nervous 0002 0002 0.002 lnduslrial/chemnical manufaclunng; MCV; ACV GAC; IS; System fungicide; natural mineral deposits C/F. RO Nitrate 10 10 10 fertilizers. feedlots. sewage; MCR; AHR: IF. 110. natulrally in soil, imneral deposits ACR. ISE. IC EDA P1jj e ntothAnw* nemI2 1 1 - unstable, rapidly converted to nitrate; ACH. MCR; lE. no prohibited In working metal Ikilds IC, SP Total Nitrate/Nitrite ---—--- --—----— 10 10 - Selenium nervous system 0.05 0.05 0.01 natural mineral deposits, by-product of GHAA; GFAA EDR.C/F copper mining/smelting AA.LS.RO Fm MCLGs snd MCLI become e9e iv .M 1992 At that wns, the wnen* MCI, cease to be ettecbve III - mdben hbera per hier, wilt lb., b.gth .1O niaons Letels t bwnen, casb, thócasb s one. atika.b si4lozide d penIact orophenoI are proposed Finat veIs *11 be established by July 1991 ------- Phase II National Primary Drinking Water Regulations EPA Standards (mg/I)’ Drinking Water Final Final Current Analytic Contaminants Health Effects MCLG MCI MCI SOUrCeS Method BAT Volatile Organics o-Dich lo,obenzene dsi ,2-DlctiloroelhyleflO trans-i ,2-Dlchkroethylefle 1 .2-Dlchioropropane Ethy lbenzene Monochiorobenzene Styrene T , h4nrii thuIaflA nervous system.lung. 0 6 0 6 industrial solvent, chemical All VOCS: All VOCs: liver, kidney manulactunng 502 1 GACIPTA 502 2 nervous system, lIver. 0 07 0 07 industrial extraction solvent 503 1 circulatory 524 1 524 2 nervous system. liver. 0.1 0.1 - industrial extraction solvent circulatory probable cancer, liver. 0 0.005 soil lumigant: industrial solvent kings, kidney kidney, liver, nervous 0.7 0.7 present in gasoline & insecticides; system chemical manufacturing kidney, liver, nervous 0 1 0.1 pesticide manufacturing; metal system cleaner. industnal solvent liver, nervous system 0.1 0.1 plastic manufactunng; resins used In water treatment equipment probable cancer 0 0.005 - dry cleaning/industrial solvent kidney, nervous 1 1 chemical manufactunng, gasoline additive. system, king industrial solvent liver, kidney. 10 10 paint/ink solvent; gasoline refining nervous system by-product; component of detergents Tobene Xylenes F1 MCLGI and MCL* become ifledive . iIy 1992 At thai ne. the aJlTsnI MCLs cease to be eftece e ------- Phase II National Primary Drinking Water Regulations EPA Standards (mg /I) ’ Dd,idng W er Final Final Current Analytic Contaminants I$eaftbEffects MCLG MCL MCL Sources Method DAT Pssllcldea and PCBs Alachior probable cancer 0 0.002 - herbicide on corn and soybeans; 505, 507 GAG (Lasso) under review for canceliat n 525 A ldlcarb’ nervous system 0.001 0003 - insecticide on cation, potatoes; restricted 531 1 GAG (Terridi) in many areas &e to gw contamination PJdlcarb sulon& neivous system 0.002 0 003 - degraded from akficairb by plants 531 1 GAC AId art) su oxk1e’ nervous system 0.001 0.003 degraded from aklicarb by plants 531.1 GAC roprocbclive and 0.003 0.003 - widely used horb kIe on corn and on 505. 507 GAC (Mranex, Cr*sazria) ca Iiac non-crop land 525 Caitofuran nervous System 0.04 0.04 - sod fumiganhiinsec(icide on carnfcotfon, 531 1 GAC (Furadari 49 and repto ictive restricted in some areas Chiordano probable cancer 0 0.002 - sod insecticide for termite control on corn. 505. 508. GAG polaloes; most uses cancelled m 1980 525 Dtmrmclaoroçropam probable cancer 0 0.0002 - sod fumigant on soybeans. conan. 504 GACJPTA (06CP. Nemalume) cancelled in 1977 2 .4-D kver, kk iey, 0.07 0.07 0.1 herbicide br wheat, corn rangelands 5151 GAC (Fomida 4.0, Weodar 64) nervous system Ethylene d xomlde probable cancer 0 0.00005 gasoline additive; soil fumigant; solvent. 504 GAC/PTA (EDB, Bromolume) cancelled in 1984; limited uses continue He achlor probable cancer 0 0.0004 - insecticide on corn; cancelled n 1983 for 505. 508 GAC (H-34. Heplox) ad but termite control 525 He achler probable cancer 0 0 0002 - sod & water organisms converl 505. 508. GAC epoxldo heplachior to 11w epoxide 525 1 FIi MCLG w d UCL be om. I * Jiiy 1992 P.1 thaI me. the c*,r ir MCLI cease b be ellective L. v s br barium. ab ci ivb aI .wi s,Ilonu, . ikbc b s dbm and pentathbotophenol are proposed F Seve4s w be eslabhsiwd by Juty I. 1991 ------- Phase II National Primary Drinking Water Regulations EPA Standards (mg!L)’ Drinking Water Final Final Cuffefli Analytic COntaminants Health Effects MCIG MCL MCI SOUrCeS Method BAT Pesticides and PCBs (conEd) Lindane nervous system, 0.0002 0.0002 0 004 insecticide for seed. kimber. livestock: 505. 508, GAC pest control, most uses restricted in 1983 525 Methoxychlor nervous system, o.o .4 o.o4 0.1 insecticide on alfalfa, livestock 505. 508. GAC (DMDT, Mailate) liver, kIdney, 525 probable cancer 0 0 0005 . electrical transformers, plasuci crs, 505. 508 (screen), GAC tienyis (PCBs, Aroclor) banned in 1979 508A Pentach lorophenoP pw ibie cancer, 0 0.001 wo&J pu I;i .tIuvu tterticidc , fb i. wood 525 GAC liver, kidney uses banned In 1987 Toxaphene probable cancer 0 0003 0005 nsechclde/herbickle for cotton, soybeans, 505 (iAC cancelled in 1982 2,4.5-TP nervous system, 0.05 0.05 001 herbicide on rangeiands, sugarcane, golf 515 1 GAC (S vex) liver, kidney courses; cancelled in 1983. Treatment T.CtU1IqUOS probable cancer. 0 0 005% dosed flecculents in sewage/ none limit nervous system at 1 mgIL wastewater treatment use probable cancer, 0 0.0 1% dosed epoxy resins & coatings, none limit liver, kidney, kings at 20 mglL flocculents used in treatment use Analytical Methods Key: TEM = Tr snussion Eledron Microscopy ACV - Au maIod Cold Vapor ISE = Ion Solecevo Electrode E,jg ec Alomsc Absorption GI4M - Gaseous Hyclede Abmic AbsorptKn IC - Ion Chromatography DAAA - Direct Aspiralon A nuc Absorption MCD - Mwiuai Cadeisum Redection SP Spoctrophotometnc ICP - ln4jclve ly Coupled Plasma ACR - Automated Cadmium Reôicbon Best Available Technoio AA AcDvaied Akimina CIF CoaguiaDonlFiltrabon D I Direct Fth,ation DMF Diatomite Filtration gy Key: GAG = Granular Acbvatod Charwal IE = Ion Exchange IS = Lime Softening RO = Reverse Osmosis Ucv = Usmial Cold Vapor AHA - Automated Hydmzuie Radection EDR Electroc*aiysss Reve sa, CC Corrosion Control PTA = Padi ed To,,er Aera on ‘Final MCLGs ond MCLI become ollective Ady 1992 At that time, the ctxreni MCLsouase to be elleaivo ‘Levels br banum, aidearb aldearb suitono. aldsca,b st4lexide and pontachbrophenol are proposed Final levels wd be established by July 1991 ------- Compliance Monitoring Requirements Contaminant Base Requirement Ground water J Surface water Trigger that Increases Monitoring Waivers 5 Inorganics I Sample every 3 years Annual sample MCL YES Based on analytcal results of 3 rounds Asbestos 1 Sample every 9 years MCL YES Based on VA 1 Ni ate - After 1 year < 50% of MCL I SWS may reduce to an annual sample 50% MCL NO Nithie 1 Saznpleilf< 50% of MCL, state discie on 50% MCI. NO 18 V Quarterly for one Year Annual after 1 year of no detects 0.0005 mgfL YES Based on VA 1 17 Pesticides and PCBs 4 Quarterly samples every 3 years After I round of no detects: systems >3300 reduce to 2 samples per year every 3 years; systems 3300 reduce to 1 sample every 3 years 1)ete YES Based on VA 1 Unregulated - 6 lOCs - 24SOCs 1 Sample 4 Consecutive quarterly samples NA. YES Based on VA 1 I = Vulnerability Assessment Phas. II Face Sfrsrd —7 ------- Regulatory Development I Proposed MCLGs, proposed MCLs and ea ent t.ech.niques - May 22, 1989 (54 FR 22062) I Final MCLGs, MCLs, and ‘eatment technique requirements for 33 contami- nants - January 30, 1991 (56 3526) I Proposed MCLGs and MCLs for five contaminants - January 30, 1991 (56 E 3600) For More Information EPA Re iona1 Offices EPA Region 1 Water Supply Branch JFK Federal Building Boston, MA 02203 (617) 565-3655 Conrsacticza, Mo,uac#uiseflz, Maine, New Harn.shire, Rhcde !alar&d,Vermont EPA Region 2 Water Supply Branch 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY 10278 (212) 264-1800 New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands EPA Region 3 Water Supply Branch 841 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 (215) 597-8227 Delaware, Maryland Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, District of Columbia EPA RegIon 4 Wat.r Supply Branch 345 Courtland Street N.E. Atlanta, GA 30365 (404)347-2913 AIaMm Ylonda, G. rgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee EPA Region 5 Water Supply Branch 230 South Dearborn Street Chicago, IL 60604 (312) 353-2151 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin EPA Region S Water Supply Branch 1201 Elm Street Dallas, TX 75270 (214) 655-7155 Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas EPA Region 7 Water Supply Branch 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS 66101 (913) 551-7032 Iowa, Kansas, Miuow’i, Nebraska EPA Region S Water Supply Branch One Denver Place 999 18th Street, Suite 1300 Denver, CO 80202-2413 (303) 293-1413 Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming EPA Region 9 Water Supply Branch 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 (415) 744.2250 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Sam .xz, Guam, Trust Territories of the Pacific EPA Region 10 Water Supply Branch 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, WA 98101 (206) 553-4092 Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,, r EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1.800-426-4791 Washington 11g. Phase II Fact Sheet—8 ------- Appendices • Stai dardi zed Monitoring Framework • Asbestos • Nitrate • Nitrite • Inorganica • Volatile Organic Chemicals • Pesti des • Unregulated Contaminants ------- Fact Sheet on Standardized Monftoring Framewotic EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (1 of 8) April 1991 Standardized Monitoring Framework Compliance Cycle I •Penodl (1993, 1994, 1995) • Period 2 (1996, 1997, 1998) • PeriodS (1999, 2000, 2001) Compliance Cycle 2 • Period 1 (2002,2003, 2004) .1 to 2010 This fact sheer swnmarizes the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Standard- ized Monuoring Framework as promulgated under the Agency’s Phase I! Rule on January 30, 1991 Purpose The primary objective of the Standardized Monitoring Framework is to reduce the variability and complexity of drinking water monitoring reqwrements. The objective is achieved through the standardization of monitoring requirements and the synchronization of monitoring schedules across “rules or by contaminant group. Applicability The Standardized Monitoring Framework currently applies to the 38 contami- nants contained in EPA’s Phase II Rule. However, the Framework was designed to apply to all source-related contaminants, including volatile organic chemicals, pesticides, inorganic chemicals, and radionucides. Subsequent rulings by EPA for such contaminants will, in general, contain monitoring requirements that fj R or fall within the Standardized Monitoring Framework. In general, the Standardized Monitoring Framework applies to all community water systems and all nontransient noncommunity water systems. For some contaminants (i.e., nitrate and nitrite), the Standardized Monitoring Framework also applies to transient noncommunity water systems. The Framework For the purpose of standardizing monitoring requirements across rules or by contaminant group, EPA has established a nine.year (based on a calendar year) compliance c cl .e,’ with the first cycle beginning on January 1, 1993. The nine- year compliance cycle contains three th,w-year compliance ‘periods. The first three-year compliance period extends from 1993 to 1995, the second period from 1996 to 1998, and the third from 1999 to 2001. The second nine-year compli- ance cycle begins in 2002 and extends through 2010. The Standardized Monitoring Framework encompasses both sampling and vulner- ability assessments. The Framework provides states with the flexibility to deter- mine at which point in a compliance period systems must conduct samphng activities. For nm pie, states may wish to prioritize sampling based on system size, vulnerability, lab capacity, and community/nontransient noncommunity criteria. Once a system is scheduled to sample within a particular three-year compliance period (e.g., the second year in the compliance period), the system must then sample in the same year in subsequent compliance periods (e.g., the second year). Initial sampling for contaminants under EPA’s Phase II Rule begins in the three- year compliance period starting January 1, 1993. Repeat sampling for applicable systems is to take place during the compliance periods 1996 to 1998 and 1999 to Stcrdardiu4 Mor itcrir&g Fr ’3r4.work—1 ------- 2001. For subsequent rulings by the Agency, the initial sampling period for contaminants will be during the first full three-year compliance period following the effective date of the ruling (i.e., 18 months after the date of promulgation). For example, if Phase V is promulgated in March 1992, the effective date of the ruling would be September 1993 (the middle of a compliance period). The irutia. r3und of sampling for Phase V contaniiriants would then take place during the 199o to 1998 compliance period. Specific Standardized Monitoring Requirements (To learn how these requirements are applied to the 38 contaminants in the Phose II Rule, consult Fact Sheets 2 through 8 of EPA’s Monitoring Serws): • All systems must sample at a base (or minimum) sampling frequency which is specified by EPA for each contaminant or group of cont mi iants unless a waiver has been granted by the state (see waiver section below). • Initial base sampling requirements are the same for all systems regardless of system size or water source. (This requirement does not apply to the inorganic contaminants contained in the Phase II Rule.) • Repeat base sampling requirements are generally the same for all systems regardless of system size and water source. (Exceptions to this rule exist for pesticides.) Generally, repeat base sampling requirements are reduced after the successful conduct of initial sampling. • All systems which “detect” a contaminant must conduct quarterly sampling until the state determines that the analytical results are “reliably and consis- tently’ below the maLmum contaminant level (MCL). Detection is defined separately for each contaminant or group of contaminants at either the MCL or at the analytical method detection limit (MDL). Groundwater systems must take a minimum of two quarterly samples and surface water systems must take a minimum of four quarterly samples before the state can determine that the analytical results are “reliably and consistently’ below the MCL. • “Reliably and consistently’ below the MCL means that though a system detects contaminants in its water supply, it has sufficient knowledge of the source or extent of the contamination to predict that the MCL would not be exceeded. Wide variations in the analytical results near the MCL would not meet the “reliably and consistently’ test. Grandfatherlng of Data • Sampling data collected three years prior to the beginning of an initial three- year compliance period may be used to satisfy a system’s initial sampling requirements. Such “grandfathering of data” would enable an eligible system to sample at repeat frequencies which are generally lower than initial frequencies. • Vulnerability assessments may not be grandfathered. Waivers • Waivers to sampling requirements are available to all systems and are based upon a vulnerability assessment and/or the consideration of prior analytical results. • WaiveTdeterminationSaretObemadebYthe5tateanbem 01 contaminant.bycontaminant basis. Stardwdiitd Mori itcnr4 F,orø ew rh—2 ------- • Vulnerability assessmentS may be conducted by the state, a system, or a third- party organization. States are to approve all assessments. • Systems which do not receive waivers must sample at required base frequencies. • There are two basic types of waivers: 1) Waiver by Rule: Systems meet EPA-specified criteria. 2) Waiver by Vulnerability Assessment (two-step process): Step 1—Use Waiver? A determination is made whether a given contami- nant was used, manufactured, and/or stored in a system area. If thc an- swer to the inquiry is yes or unknowTt, the system is susceptible ” to contamination and a muse waiver” can not be granted. Step 2—Susceptibility Waiver? If a muse waiver” can not be granted, a system may conduct a thorough vulnerability assessment of the water source to determine the system’s susceptibility” to contamination. Suscep- tibility is to be based on: a) prior analytical and/or vulnerability assess- ment results, b) environmental persistence and ansport of the contami- nant, c) how well the source is protected, d) welihead protection program reports, and e) elevated niUate levels. - Systems with no known g 5 ptibility to conthmination (based upon an assessment of the above factors), may be granted a susceptibility waiver.” If can not be determined, a system is not eligible for a waiver and must sample at the regulatory minimum or base sampling frequency. St rS4rthu4 Monitcr1r4 Fr5muurls—3 ------- Regulated Contaminant Contaminant Asbestos MCL 7 Million Fibers/Liter (MFL).-(greater than 10 microns) Fact Sheet on Asbestos EPA Phase 11 Monitoring Series (2 of 8) April 1991 This fact sheet summarizes the monitoring requirements for asbestos as promulgated on January 30, 1991 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agenq ’s (EPA) Phase II Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992. Systems Affected All community water systems (CWS) and nontransient noncommunity water systems (NTWS) must comply with the Phase II monitoring requirements for asbestos. Sampling Points 1) Sampling must be conducted at each entry point to the distribution system which is representative of the well or source water after trea ent. 2) Systems that are vulnerable to asbestos conthn ii ation, either solely due to corrosion of asbestos-cement pipe or due to both corrosion of asbestos-cement pipe and the source water, shall take one sample at a tap served by asbestos- cement pipe and under conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur. Initial Base Sampling Between 1993 and 1995, all systems must take one sample unless a waiver has been granted by the state (see below for summary of waiver requirements). The state will designate the year in which each system samples within this compliance period. ( randfatherIng States may allow previous sampling data to satisfy the initial base sampling requirements, provided the sampling data was collected after January 1, 1990. Repeat Base Sampling If results of the initial sample do not exceed the MCL for asbestos, then the system would not be required to take repeat samples until the start of the next nine-year compliance cycle (2002 to 2005). Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling The mn imum contaminant level (MCL) for asbestos is the trigger for increased/ decreased sampling (see sidebar for the MCL). ------- increased Sampling (If MCL Is exceeded) 1) Any system cesding the MCL for asbestos must take q uarterly samples (in the quarter immediately following the viola on) unbi a baseline is established (minimum of two q ia for growsdwcter a etems and fair quarters for sur ,bce u ter systems). 2) If the state determines that the baseline is “reliably and consistently” below the MCL, the sampling frequency may be reduced to the base requirements Compliance Determination 1) If a system samples more frequently than annual (ie., quarteriy), the system would be in viola on the annual average at any sampling point exceeds the MCL 2) If a system samples on an annual or less frsqu t basis, the system would be in v ola on ifone sample(ortheav ige cithe inibaland confirmaum saznples)atanypoirtt exceeds the MCL Confirmation Samples States may require a confirmation sample for any sample that exceeds the MCL. These confirmation samples must be taken from the same sampling point and as soon as possible (within no greater than a two week time period) after the initial sample. If a confirmation sample is used, the compliance determination is based on the average of the results of both the confirmation and initial samples. Public Notice A system in violation of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL, monitoring and reporting requirements, etc.) for asbestos must give public notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects language contained in the Phase II Rule. Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state discretion from no more than five sam- pling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water laboratory. 1) For systems serving greater than b) 3300 persons, compositing is only allowed at sampling points within a single system. 2) For systems serving less than () 3300 persons, compositing among different systems is permitted. Waivers States may grant a waiver if, on the basis of a vulnerability assessment, the system determines it is not vulnerable to asbestos cont. mination. The state may grant a waiver based on consideration of the following factors: 1) Potential asbestos contamination of the water source, and 2) The use of asbestos .cement pipe for finished water disbibution and the corro- sive nature of the water. If the state grants a waiver, base sampling requirements are eliminated. Waivers are effective for one three-year compliance period. However, waivers only need to be renewed in the first compliance period of each nine-year compliance cycle. If waivers are not renewed, systems must sample according to base requirements. Aabeata.—2 ------- Standardized Monitoring Framework: Asbestos (CWS and NTWS) CALENDAR YEAR ‘ BASE REQUIREMENTS WAIVERS (AU. SYSTEMS) 1991 < ‘ ‘ ,; 1992 ) ,,.__fl * ‘ ‘; — —f j . E :: o 1993 . t 1 sample each sampling point wa eers Based on Assessment (NO Samples Required) : 1994 1995 1996 1997 c No Requirements • Not Applicable ,, 1998 1999 &! No Requirements Not Applicable 2000 2001 U> 4 2002 2003 2004 ‘11 I 1 sampleat each sampling point 4 Warvers Based on Vulnerability Assessment NOTE. States will des g note the year durtng each compliOnCe penod In which each system must monitor. Aabeito.-4 ------- Asbestos Monitoring Flow Chart YES Repeat Frequency 1996-1998, 1999-2001, etc. Initial Frequency 1993-1995 •,.) • .•• .. • :. .!.!‘ Mbejtc .-4 ------- Fact Sheet on Nitrate EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (30! 8) April 1991 This fact sheet summarizes the monitoring requirements for nitrate as promulgated on January 30, 1991 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase II Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992. Systems Affected All community water systems (CWS), transient and nontransient noncommurutY water systems (TWS and NTWS) must comply with the Phase II morntonr. requirements for nitrate. Sampling Points Sampling must be conducted at each entry point to the distribution system. Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after trea ent. Initial Base Sampling Sampling for nitrate is to be conducted by all water systems beginning January 1, 1993. The frequency of initial sampling is as follows: CWS and NTWS: Groundwater systems must sample annually while surface water systems must sample quarterly. TWS: Such systems regardless of the water source must sample annually. Grandfatherlng Not allowed. Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling Any sample greater than () 50 percent of the MCL triggers the need for increased sampling. Analytical results less than (c) 50 percent of the MCL for a minimum of one round of sampling can trigger dea eased sampling requirements. The trigger Is not applicable to transient noncommwslty water systems. (See side bar for MCL and trigger level for nitrate.) Repeat Base Sampling c 50% MCI.) CWS and m’WS: Groundwater systems must continue sampling on an annual basis as during the initial sampling phase. States way reduce the sampling frequency to annual for surface water systems provided the analytical results from four consecutive quarters is less Nit Regulated Contaminants ContRminanta Nitrate Total Nifrata Nifrite MCL (for both) 10 mgfL (as Nitrogen) Tr1t er (for both) 5 mg’L (as Nitrogen) ------- than (<) 50 percent of the MCL, Repeat samples must be taken during the quarter(s) which yielded the highest analytical results during the initial compliance period. TWS: Same as initial sampling requirements. Increased Sampling ( 50% MCL or MCL) CWS and N’FWS: Systems collecting any sample(s) greater than () 50 percent of the MCL must increase or continue sampling on a quartcrly basis, regardless of the water source. States have the discretion to decrease the sampling frequency to annual for ground. water syetenss provided the results of four consecutive quarterly samples are “reliably and consistently” below the MCL. States may reduce the sampling frequency to annual for surface water systems provid d the analytical results from four consecutive quarters is less than - 50 percent of the MCL TWS aine as initial sampling requirements. Compliance Determination If any sample axceeds the MCL for nibate, systems must take a confirmation sample (see below). The compliance determination is then based on the average of the results of both the confirmation and initial samples. Confirmation Samples Systems must take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the results of the initi& sample are found to be greater than () the MCL. Systems unable to meet the 24-hour confirmation sampling requirement must issue a public notice to consumers of the system and must then analyze a confirmation sample within two weeks of receiving the results of the initial sample. Public Notice Any system violating the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL, monitoring and reporting requirements, etc.) for mbate must give public notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects language contained in the Phase H Rule. The public notice requirements also apply to systems unable to take con&mation samples within a 24-hour time period (see confirmation sample section above). Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state discretion from no more than five sam• pling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water laboratory. 1) For systems serving greater than (>1 3300 persona, compositing is only allowed at sampling points within a single system. 2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persons, compositing among different systems is permitted. Waivers Not allowed. rt Nisraje—2 ------- Nitrate Monitoring Flow Chart ian N satTçle quarter which prev us1y yielded highest analytical Frequency 1993-1995 Repeat Frequency 19961998, 1999-2001, etc. N&s,ctt—.3 ------- Fact Sheet on Nitrite EPA Phase Ii Monitoring Series (4 of 8) April 1991 TIus fact sheet swnm izes the moriuoring requu-eme,’us for nurue as promulgoied 0 ,1 Janu D7 30, 1991 wider the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase II R. de These reqwremenzs will take effect on July 30, 1992. Systems Affected All community water systems (CWS), bansient and non ansient noncommunity water systems (TWS and N’lWS) must comply with the Phase II monitoring require- ments for nithte. Sampling Points Sampling must be conducted at each en y point to the disfribution system. Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after ea ent initial Base Sampling Between 1993 and 1995, al] systems must take one sample. The state will designate the year in which each system samples within this compliance period. Grandfather lng Not allowed. Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling The i er f m eased/decreased sampling for ni ite is 50 percent of the MCL Contaminant MCI. Trigger Nitrite 1 mgt (as l (iU g ) 0.5 mg’L (as Ni gen) Total Nfrat& Ni ite 10 mWL (as Mtrcg i) 5 mgt (as Nltroga ) Repeat Base Sampling (c 50% MCL) If the iesulth of initial sampling are less than (c) 50 percent of the MCL, repeat sampling requirements may be reduced at state disa’etion N&trit c—I Pegut ted Contaminants ------- increased Sampling ( 50% MCL or MCL) 1) Systems collecting any sample(s) greater than () 50 percent of the MCL must sample quarterly for at least one year. 2) States may deaease the sampling frequency to annual provided the results of four consecutive quarterly samples are “reliably and consistent!? below the MCL 3) Systems sampling annually must take subsequent samples during the quarters which previously yielded the highest analytical result s). Compliance Determination If any sample ceeds the MCL for ni ite, systems must take a confirmation sample (see below). The compliance determination is then based on the average of the results of both the confirmation and initial samples. Confirmation Samples Systems must take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the results of the initial sample are found to be greater than () the MCL. Systems unable to meet the 24 hour confirmation sampling requirement must issue a public notice to consumers of the system and must then analyze a confirmation sample within two weeks of receiving the results of the initial sample. Public Notice Any system violating the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL, monitoring and reporting requirements, etc.) for nithte must give public notice. The public notice must include the gpe flc mandatory health effects language contained in the Phase U Rule. The public notice requirements also apply to systems unable to take confirmation samples within a 24 hour time period (see confirmation sample section above). Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state disaetion from no more than five sam- pling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water laboratory. 1) For systems serving greater than (,) 3300 persons, compositing is only allowed at sampling points within a single system. 2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persona, compositing among different systems is permitted. Waivers Not allowed. Nir*te—2 ------- Nitrite Monitoring Flow Chart Initial Frequency 1993-1995 ‘ ‘55 5.. S S “ “( ‘ ‘ r” ’.• ’ Repeat Frequency 1996-1998, 19992001, etc. Nisr e—3 ------- Fact Sheet on Inorganics EPA Phase I! Monitoring Series (5 of 8) April 1991 Regulated Contaminants 0.1 ThLS fact sheet surivn izes the morawring reqwrernerasforfive ir orgaiuc cher, cals ‘b’v-zwn, cadnuum, chromium, mercury. and seleraurn) as promulgated on Jaiwaty 30, 199! under the US. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase II Rule These reqiarerneius will :a.ke effect onfuiy 30, 1992. Systems Affected All community water systems (CWS) and nonfransient noncommunity water systems (N’IWS) must comply with the Phase II monitoring requrnents for barium, cad. mjum, chromium, mercury, and selenium. Sampling Points Sampling must be conducted at each enby point to the disfrlbu on system. Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after beatment Initial Base Sampling Grinindwater syst ems must take one sample during the compliance period 1993 to 1995. The state will designate the year in which each system must sample within this compliance period. Surface water oys ms must sample annually beginning in 1993. Waivers from sampling may be granted by the state (see below for a sumrnaly of waiver requirements). Grandfathenng States may allow previous sampling data to satisfy the initial base sampling require- ments, provided at least one sample was taken after January 1, 1990. Repeat Base Sampling Repeat base sampling requirements are the same as those for the initial base phase unless a waiver has been granted by the state (i.e., one sample per three-year compli- ance period fzgruwsdwater and *e sample each year for surface water systems). Tugger for Increased Sampling The m num contaminant level (MCL) for each inorganic chemical tri ers the requirement for increased sampling (see side bar text for list of contaminants and their corresponding MCLs). MCL I .,ir , Barium 2 Cadmium Chromium 0.005 Mercury Selenium 0.002 0.05 Ir orgwuc—I ------- 1) For systems serv rig greater than (>)3300 persons, composi ng is oniy allowed at sampling points within a single system. 2) For systam serving less than ( 3300 persons, composi ng among different systems is permi ed. Waivers Systems can apply to the state for a waiver from in±al and repeat base sampling frequencies. Systems are eligible for both “use’ and “susceptibility” waivers provided the system has conducted a vulnerability assessment Systems are eligible for waivers beginning in th. compliance period 1993 to 1995. Waivers are effective for one compli- ance period; they must be renewed in subsequent compliance periods or the system must conduct sampling that is commensurate with base requirements. Use Waivers When a system, on the basis ofa vulnerability assessment, can demons ate that volatile organics were not used previously in the water supply area (i.e., the contami- nant was not used, manu ctured,, stored or disposed), the system can apply to the state for a us& waiver. If a waiver is granted, sampling requirements are eliminated. Systems inelig hle for a “use’ waiver can apply for a waiver based on “susceptibility.’ Susceptibility Waivers “Suscep ility” waivers are contingent on the conduct of a thorough vulnerability assessment, which considers evaluation of prior analytical and/or vulnerability assessment resulti (including those of surrounding systems), environmental persis- tence and fransport, how well the source is protected, Welihead Protection Assess- ments, and prn irnity to sources of contamination. If a waiver is granted based on susceptibility, sampling requirsmenta are eliminated for that compliance period. Sampling Frequency with Waivers Gruwidwater systems that have been granted a waiver are required to sample once every six years and must update the vulnerability assessment at the midpoint or three year mark of the period. Surface water systems with a waiver are required to sample only at the discretion of the state. Voiatile Organw Chertuw .—3 ------- Standardized Monitoring Framework: Volatile Organic Chemicals (CWS and NTWS) CALENDAR BASE REQUIREMENTS: REDUCED GW : .. A S W GW ‘ ‘.. ‘ . 2’ • .•• SW 992 / I 1 ’,, —I— 4 . 2 . C 0 E 0 0 — g . — 1993 . V — £ 1 sample at 1 sample at I I po4flt. po1nt — 4quarter ly samples at each sampling point : I I ± A £ I : U State dlscret Ofl I I I : ôbi somple 1: II i discretion 1 I I 1994 1995 i co 5 • . 4 quortetty samples at each sampling point I 1’ I I I 2 i sample I I I 1997 1998 1999 •5S 2 4quartert y samples at each samplir g point I I 1 sample I I 4 I — $CfØ I fl 1 I 4: — — son Le 2000 2001 a, E a I 2002 — S A — “ I samp at ch — 11 sample i 4 4 I A i I d 4L I 2003 2004 * 1: ProvIded Initid monttorVtQ completed by 12/31/92 and the system hod no detectIon. 2: ReductiOn aSowed attef no detictiOn Wi flies yas of annual monitofing. NOlI: States wil deiigflCte the year 0w1fl9 each complianCe period Wi w$ Ch each system rni . t morutor. vokta. Organic Ch.mwaI. —4 ------- Volatile Organic Chemicals Monitoring Flow Chart SW State c scretion Initial Frequency 1993-1995 GW:1 sarr Ieper year Repeat Frequency 1996-1998 1999-2001, etc. IncreaSed V abJa Organic Chv u —5 ------- Fact Sheet on Pesticides EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (7 of 8) April 1991 This fact sheet sumr,i rizes the monitor rig requirements for 17 pesticides and polych!orinated biphenyli (PCBs) as promulgated on Januarj 30, 1991 under the U.S. Environmental Protectwn Agenc/s (EPA) Phase II Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992. Systems Affected All community water systems (CWS) and nonbansient noncommunity water systems (NTWS) must comply with the Phase U monitoring requirements for pesticides ar i PCBs. Sampling Points Sampling must be conducted at each en ’ point to the disblbution system. Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after eatment Inftial Base Sampling Between 1993 and 1995, all systems must take an initial round of four consecutive quarterly samples unless a waiver has been granted by the state (see below for summary of waiver requirements). The state will designate the year in which each system samples within this compliance per*od. Grandfathering States may allow sampling data collected after January 1,1990 to satisfy the initial base sampling requn’ement8 Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling The method detecbon limit (?,WL) is the fri er for in eased/deoreased sampling for each pestiáde or B (see table on following page for a list of contaminants and their rresponding nt minAnt levels (MCLs) and MDI4 Repeat Base Sampling (no detects) If thn innnth are not detected during the initial sampling phase, systems may deaease their sampling frequency beginning in the 1996 mpliance period. 1) Systems that serve greater than (>)3300 persons may reduce their sampling frequenáes to two samples in one year per c npliance period. 2) Systems that serve less than ( 3300 persona may reduce their sampling frequen. to one sample in each con pliance period. Pesticides—! ------- Regi ilated Contaminants Contaminant MCL’ (mg/L) MDL ? (mg/L) Alachlor 0002 00002 Aldjcarb 0003’ 00005 Aldicarb eulfoxide 0.003’ 0 0005 Aldicarb sulfone 0 003’ 0 0008 Atrazine 0003 00001 Carbofiiran 004 0 0009 Chlorüne 0 002 0 0002 D bmmxhloropr pa e (DPCP) 0 0002 000002 2,4-D 007 00001 Ethyleoe dibromide (EDB) 0 00005 000001 Heptachlor 0 0004 0 00004 Heptachior epox3de 00002 0 00002 Landane 0.0002 0 00002 Methoxychlor 0.04 00001 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBe) 0.0005 0 0001 Pentachlorophenal 0.001 0 00004 Toxaphene 0.003 0001 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 0.05 0 0002 ‘MCLaMa rnun Coctazn oant Level ‘ L Meibod i. oo Lanut “MCLi COT aJdi zb, .Jdi ab lfo de, .ldiazb lfooe weee iepropo under the P ’r aae U Rule. final levels will be pr nulgated by July 1. 1991. Increased Sampling (if detected or MCL exceeded) If contaminants are detected orif the MCL is exceeded in any sample, then systems must sample quarterly beginning in the next quarter. Systems are to sample quar terly until a baseline is established (minimum of two quarters for groundwater rgdem. and four quarters for sur bce water systems). 1) If the baseline indicates a system is TM reliab)y and consistently” below the MCIJ, the state may reduce the system’s sampling frequency to annual. (Annual sampling must be conducted during the quarter which previously yielded the highest anaiybcal result) 2) Systems which have three consecutive annual samples with no detection can apply to the state for a waiver, Compilance Determination 1) If a system samples more frequently than annual (i.e., quarterly or semi- annually), the system would be in violation if the running annual average at any sampling point exceeds the MCL. 2) If a system conducts sampling on an annual or less frequent basis, the system would be in violation if one sample (or the average of the initial and confirmation samples) at any point exceeds the MCL. Confirmation Samples States may require a confirmation sample for positive or negative results. If a confir- mation sample is used, the compliance determination is based on the average of the results of both the confirmation sample and the initial sample. Peat ic4e a—2 ------- Public Notice Any system violating a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., Ma, monitoring and reporting requirements, eth.) for one or more of the 17 pesticides and PCBs must give public notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects language contained in the Phase II Rule. Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state disaetion from no more than five sampling points. Corn positing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water laboratory. 1) For systems erving greater than (>) 3300 persons, composthng is only allowed at sampling points within a single system. 2) For systems serving less than ( ) 3300 persons, compositing among different systems is permitted. Waivers Systems can apply to the state for a waiver from initial and repeat base sampling frequencies. Systems are eligible for both “use” and “susceptibility” waivers pro vided the system has conducted a vulnerability assessment Systems are eligible for waivers beginning in the compliance period 1993 to 1995. Waivers are effective for one compliance period; they must be renewed in subsequent compliance penods or the system must conduct sampling that is commensurate with base requirements. Use Waivers When a system, on the basis of a vulnerability assessment, demons ates that the regulated pesticid&PCB has not been used in the water supply area (i.e., the contami- nant was not used, manufactured, stored or disposed of in the area), the system can apply to the state fir a “use” waiver. Systems not eligible for “use” waivers may still quali1 for a waiver by evaluating susceptibility (see below). Susceptibility Waivers Suscepbbility’ waivers are contingent on the conduct of a thorough vulnerability assessment Suth a vulnerability assessment must consider prior analytical and/or vulnerability assessment results (including those of surrounding systems), environmental persistence and ansport, how well the sotnce is protected 1 Wellhead Protection Assessments, and proximity of the supply to so ces of contaminabon. Pest cidu—.3 ------- Standardized Monitoring Framework: Pesticides (CWS and NTWS) CALENDAR YEAR - BASE REQUIREMENTS: AU.. SYSTEMS REDUCED MONITORING: PREVIOUS DETECTION WAIVERS * 1991 1 992 ‘ C’ : j S u E o ° 1993 T S + 4 quarterly samples at each sampling point r , Not Applicable + Waiver It 1994 1995 1996 5 . a 5 4 quarterly samples at each sampling point ,r I Systems Ser Ang: > 3.300 -2 samples at each sampBng point < 3300.1 sample at each sampling point 11 Waiver 1997 1998 1999 5 . 1 4 quarterly samples at each sompIir point Systems Serving: > 3300 -2 samples at each sampling point c 3300-1 sample at eo h sampling point . War er it 2000 2001 > 2002 4 quarterly samples at each sampling point 4 SystemsServlng: >3300-2 samples at each sampling point <3300 sample at each sampling point 4 • Waiver 2003 2004 NOll: States will designate the year during each compliance * B .d on ‘use arid/or period In which each system must monitor. ‘sicsp1lb Ity a ment (No 5crnpI Reqiàed) Peaticidu—4 ------- Repeat Frequency 1996-1998, 1999-2001, etc. Pesticides Monitoring Flow Chart Initial Frequency 1993-1995 CA .‘ A, ‘)“ ‘A’ for increased Frequency ------- Fact Sheet on Unregulated Contaminants EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (8 of 8) April1991 This fact sheet sw vr es the onenme moriuoring requu-enienis for 24 organic and 6 nor- gwuc chemicals as proriudgaed on Janu ry 30, 1991 under the U.S Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase 1! Rule. These requirements will take effect on July 30, 1992 Systems Affected AU community water systems (CWS) and non ansient noricommunity water systems (NTWS) must conduct monitoring for the 24 organic and six inorganic chemicals (see sidebar for lists of contaminants). Sampling Points Sampling must be conducted at each entiy point to the disblbution system. Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after U ea nent Sampling Requirements All systems must conduct a one-time round of sampling, unless a waiver has been granted by the state (see below for summary of waiver requirements). The specific sampling requirements are: 1) For the 24 organic chemi ls, systems must take four consecutive quarterly samples and report the results to the state. 2) For the six inorganic chemicals, systems must take one sample and report the results to the state. 3) Sampling must be completed no later than December 31, 1995. Confirmation Samples: The state may require a confirmation sample for positive or negative results. Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state disoretion from no more than five sampling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water laboratory. 1) For systems serving greater than (>)3300 persons, compositing is only allowed at sampling points within a single system. 2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persons, composthng among different systems is permitted. U,wqisloted Cor ,tanur ar&s—I Unregulated Contaminants Organics Aidrin Benzc a)pyTene Butachior Carbary l Dalapon Di(2.ethy lhexyl dipate Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates Dic mba Dieldrin Dinoeeb Diquat Endothall Glyphoeate Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 3 -Nydroxycarbofwan Methomyl Metolachior Metnbuzin Oiamyl (vydate) Picloram Propachior Simazine 2,3,7,8.TtDD (Dioxin) Inorganics Antimony Beryllium Nickal Sulfate Thallium Cyanide ------- Waivers Systems may apply to the state for a waiver from the sampling requirements. Such waivers may be granted for either the organics or inarganics, or both, as follows: 1) Waiver for Organics: When a system can rule out previous use of the chemical in the water supply area (i.e., the contaminant was not used, manufactured, stored or disposed of in the area), the system can apply to the state for a “uses waiver. If previous use is un own, then systems may still quahf ’ for a waiver by evaluating susceptibility. Susceptibffit ’ waivers are contingent on the conduct of a thorough vulnerability assessment. The state may grant a vsusceptibility waiver based on an evaluation of prior analytical and/or vulnerability assessment results (wdudmg those of surrounding systsms), environmental persistence and anspoTt , how well the source is protected, Wellhead Protection Assessments, and proxirnityto sources of contamination. 2) Waiver for Inorganice: The state may grant a waiver if previous analytical result s indicate contamination would not occur, provided this data was collected after January 1, 1990. 3) Waiver for Very Small Systems: Systems serving fewer than 150 service connections may obtain a waiver by sending a letter to the state indicating that the system is available for sampling. This letter must be sent to the state by January 1,1994. Ustrqul4ted Coraamincnts—2 ------- Standardized Monitoring Framework: Unregulated Contaminants (OWS and NTWS) CALENDAR .. ‘ “ BASE REQUIREMENTS: AU. SYSTEMS WAIVERS Organics Inorganics 1991 1992 ., 1993 Waiver NOTE: States will designate the yec during each compliance period In which each s tem must monitor. * I * Bas.don’L cnd/Or c.pIlblIt? asse ment (No Samples Reqiired) 4 quorterty 1 sample at each 1994 0 samples at each sampling point ___________ sampling Point 5 . . . ,, F ? 4:: s:... Unr dat.d Co,Uanunanta—,3 ------- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Flow Chart — Inorganics Initial Frequency 1993-1995 “-S.. ‘ ‘‘ :• I s CS, .. ‘S.Y . .• Repeat Frequency 19961998, 19992001, etc. Ur qv4at.d Coritanw an1a 4 ------- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Flow Chart Pesticides Initial Frequency 1993-1995 YES Repeat Frequency 1996-1998, 1999-2001, etc. Unregulated Contamtnan ------- Increased Sampling 1) Any system exceeding the MCL for a given contaminant must take quarterly samples (in the quarter immediately following the violation) until a baseline is established (minimum of two quarters for grvund water systems and four quar• ters for sw*ce water systems). 2) If the state determines that the baseline is “reliably and consistently below the MCL, the sampling frequency may be reduced to the base requirements. Compliance Determination 1) If a system samples more frequently than annual (i.e., quarterly), the system would be in violation if the running annual average at any sampling point exceeds the MCL 2) If a system conducts sampling on an annual or less frequent basis, the system would be in violation if one sample (or the average of the initial and confirmation samples) at any point exceeds the MCL Confirmation Samples States may require a confirmation sample for any sample that exceeds the MCL These confirmation samples must be taken from the same sampling point and as soon as possible (within no greater than a two week time period) after the in itial sample. If a confirmation sample is used, the compliance determination is based on the average of the results of both the confirmation sample and the initial sample. Public Notice Any system violating the National Prirnaiy Drinking Water Regulation (i.e., MCL, monitoring and reporting requir ents, etc.) for one or more of the five inorganic chemicals must give public notice. The public notice must include the specific manda- tory health effects language contained in the Phase U Rule. Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state disaetion from no more than five sampling points. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water laboratory. 1) Forsystemsservinggreaterthan(>)3300persons,composibngisonlyallowedat sampling points within a single system. 2) For systems serving less than ( 3300 persons, compositing among different systems is permiUed. Waivers States may grant ‘waivers by rule’ to systems of up to nine years (or one compliance cyde)f eachofthefiv eincconthants.IerthqUalfYf0ra w a1v e r ,a system must have three previous compliance samples (including one taken after January 1, 1990), and all previous analytical results must be below the MCL (see grandfathering section above). The waiver must be granted at the beginning of the year in which the system is scheduled to sample, otherwise the system is subject to base sampling requrnenta. Systems must take at least one sample during the nine- year waiver period. Iriorgoruci—2 ------- The state must consider a variety of issues in malQng the waiver by rule” determina tion, such as: 1) reported on n a ons from all previous monitoring, 2) degree of variation in reported conceithitions, and 3) other factors which may affect contaminant concenUations (i.e., groundwater pumping rates, changes in the system’s configuration, changes in the system’s operating procedures, or changes in s eam flows or characteristics). lr.oitar c.— 3 ------- Standardized Monitoring Framework: Inorganics (CWS and NTWS) NOTE: States wlU designote the yeor du ng each complionce penod in which each system must monitor. CALENDAR YEAR . BASE REQUIREMENTS WAIVERS CALL SYSTEMS) SW 1991 - GW -. - - Statemayw v thebose monrtoqlng re irements after 3 mp s of ss th the MCLCre taken 1992 - - : ‘ U > U U C . E 0 0 0 ‘ c 1993 — C isampleat each sampling point isampleat each sampling point 1 sample at each sampling point . ‘P isampleat each sampling point 1994 1( e I isamplect • each sampling point 1996 isampleat each sampling point Sample at each sampling point 1997 1 sample at each sampling point lsampleot each sampling point 1998 1999 a — isompleaf each sampling point lsarnpleat each sampling point 2000 isampleaf each sompVng point Isompleaf each sampling point 2001 o g 90 ° J 2002 2 1 sampleot each sampling point isampleot each sampling point I 2003 lsarnp leat each sampling po t 2004 lsamp lect each sampling point 4 Inorgaruca—4 ------- Inorganics Monitoring Flow Chart NO Initial Frequency 1993.1995 Repeat Frequency 19961998, 1999-2001 etc. ledirecuncy , ------- E lght Ivocs Berizene Cw te chlc de 1 ,2-Dic} thane 1,1 Dichl thylene para-Dichl obenzene 1,1,1-Thc ethane Thchl cethylene Vin 1 th1 de Styrene Te } oethy1ene Tohane ax is-1,2. l ,lcrveth)4ene x ( ) M L (mg 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.075 0.20 0.005 0.0w 0.005 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.005 1 Fact Sheet on Volatile Organic Chemicals EPA Phase II Monitoring Series (6 of 8) April 1991 This fact sheet swnmarizes the monuoruig requzremenzs for 10 new volatile organw chenucaL (VOCs) as promulgated on January 30. 1991 wider the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Phase 1! Rule and will apply eventually to the 8 VOCs currently regulated The mora wring requirements will take effect/or all 18 VOCs on July 30. 1992 Systems Affected All community water systems (CWS) and non ansient noncommunity water systems (NTWS) must comply with the R ase Ii monitoring requirements for volatile organic chemicals. Sampllng Points Regulated Contaminants Sampling must be conducted at each entiy point to the dis ibu on system. Sampling points must be representative of the well or source water after tieatinent If condi- tions warrant, the state may designate additional sampling points within the disth. bution system or at consumer taps which more axurately determine consumer exposure. Initial Base Sampling Between 1993 and 1995, all systems must take four consecutive quarterly samples for each of the new contaminants, unless (a) a waiver has been granted by the state (see waiver requirements below) or (b) the system has previous sampling data that qualifies it for reduced sampling (see grandfathering section below). The state will designate the year in which each system samples within this compliance period Grandfatherlng Ten New VOCs Mc I. ( rn /t. ) s 1d ethylene 0.07 lThchluiwuu ne Ethylbenzene M oc benww o -Dihl cben ne States may allow sampling data collected after January 1, 1988 to satisfy the initial base sampling requirements. If the initial samples for the new organics are completed byDecember3l, 1992 andthe system didnotdetectanyoftheorganics,then the system shall take one sample annually beginning January 1,1993. 0.1 10 Trigger for Increased/Decreased Sampling The method detection limit (? L) is the fri er for inoreased/de eased sampling for each of the volatile organics. [ See side bar for a list of conthminants and their corre- sponding ma mum contaminant levels (MCLs) and MDLsI. NOTE: Th. method dut. jot li (MDL) for all 18 volatile organi ii 0.0006 o gt Repeat Base Sampling (no detects) Systems would continue taking four consecutive quarterly samples during subsequent threeyear compliance periods. However, if contamir’ai’ts are not detected during the VolatiJs Organic Chemkal.—1 ------- initial round of sampling, then systems could deaease their sampling frequency beginning in the 1996 compliance period as follows: 1) Groundwater systems would take one sample annually. After three years of annual sampling and no previous detection, growidwater systems could reduce their sampling frequency to one sample per compliance period. 2) SurfacE water systeriw must sample annual Increased Sampling (It detected or MCL exceeded) If contamjnant are detected at the MDL or ilthe MCL is exceeded, then systems must sample quarterly beginning in the next quarter. 1) Systems remain on quarterly sampling until a baseline is established (minimum of two quarters for groundwater systems and four quarters for surface water systems). 2) If the baseline indicates a system is ‘reliably and consistently’ below the MCLI the state may reduce the system’s sampling frequency to annual. (Annual sampling must be conducted during the quarter which previously yielded the highest analytical result) 3) Systems which have three consecutive annual samples with no detection may apply to the state for a waiver (see waiver requirement. below). 4) If any detection exceeds the MCL, both groundwater and surface water sy ferns must take four consecutive quarterly samples until a reliable baseline is established Compuance Determination 1) If a system samples more frequently than annually (quarterly or semi-annually), the system is in violation i(the annual average at any sampling point exceeds the MCL 2) violation if one sample (or the average of the original and confirmation samples) at any point exceeds the MCL Confirmation Samples States may requne a confirmation sample for positive or n ative results. If taken, the compliance determination must be based on the average of the results of both the confirmation sample and the initial sample. Public Notice Any system violating any National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (MCL, monitoring and reporting requirements, etci for one or more of the VOC. must grve public notice. The public notice must include the specific mandatory health effects Language for each of the new VOC. contained in the Phase U Rule. Compositing Composite samples are allowed at state disoretion from no more than five sampling point.. Compositing of samples must be completed in a certified drinking water Laboratory. Vdn1i1 Orgwuc Chmj 2,—2 ------- |