jAily 1988
TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEETS
ALPHABETICAL LIST
Acet4;Jdehyde
75-07rO
Acetone
67-64-1
?vcetoftitrile
75-03-8'
2- Ac^ty i amino.f |\porieii^
.53-96-3
Acroiei;n
107-02-8
Acrylamide
79-06-1
Acrylic acid
79-10-7
Acrylonitrile
107^13-1
Aiiyi chloride.
107-05-1
4-Amino-biphenyi
92-67-1
1 -Ainlno- 2-metii^|
82-28-0
6484-52-2
62-5^3
Q-Anisidine'
.gp-04-0
Anthracene
i 20- 12-7
Arsenic
7440*38-2
Asbestos
1332^21-4
Bar ium
7440-39^3
98-87-3
Benzene-
Benzidine
92-87-5
Benzoyl chloride
98*88-4;
Benzyl chloride
100-44-r7
Beryllium
^7440-41-7
Bis(Z-chloroethyjl) eltiier
111-44^-4
Bromoforisi
75-25-2
1,3-Butadiene
1Q6-99H)
Butyl acrylate
141-32-2
-------
—2—
-Buty1 alcohol• Chioromethyl methyl eUier
71—36—3 107—30—2
sec-Butyl alcohol - Chloiopr.exle
78—92—2 l26—9 8 .
tert-Butyl alcohol Chromium
75—65—0 7440-47—3
Cadmium Cobalt
7440—43—9 7440—48—4
Calcium cyana.inide Copper
156—62—7 7440—50—8
Captan Cresol
--t.33—06 -2 (Cresylic Acid.)
J 3i9—77’-3.
Carbaryl
63—252 Cumene
98—82—8
Carbon dis i1fide
75-15-0 . Cyclo ai ç
110—82—7
Carbon tetrachloride -
5 6-23-5 Diazomethafle
334—88—3
Catechol
(1 ,2—Dihydroxybenzefle) Dibutyl phthalate
120—80—9 84—14—2
Chlorainben 1,
133—90—4 95—50—l’ -
Chiordane 1 4-Dicfl lo Q ?eX1Zefl
57—74—9 106—46—7
Chlorine 1• 2-Dic1Q ei hane
7782—50—5 107—06—2
Chlorine dioxide 1 ,2 DichIQjp thy eIt , 1
10049—04—4 540—59-’o_
Ch lorobenzene 1 ,2-Dichloroprop
108—90—7 78—87—5
Chloroform 1 ,3-Dichloropro 1efle
67—66—3 542—75—6
Chioromethafle Dichiorvos
(Methyl Chloride) 62—73-7
74—87—3
-------
—3—
Diethanolamifle Ethyl acrylate
111—42—2 140—88—5
Di (2-ethy1he l) phtha•late Ethylene
(Bis (2—ethy1hexy L) 74—85—1
phthalate)
117—81—7 Ethyleneimine
151—56—4
Diethyl phthalate
84-66-2 - Ethylene oxide
75—21—8
4-DimethylamiflOaZObeflZene
60-11-7 Formaldehyde
50—00—0
I ,N-Dimethylafli line
121—69—7 Freon 113
(l,l,2—Trichloro—l,2,2—
3,3 ‘—DimGthy1I eflZidifle Trif luOrOethalle)
(Q—To lidine) 76—13—1
119—93—7
Hexachloro-1 , 3-butadiene
Dimethylcarbainyl chloride 87—68—3
(Dimethylcarbalnoy’l ch ±oride)
7 9-44-7 HexachiorocyC lopentadiene
77—47—4
Dimethyl plithalate
131-11—3 Hexachloroethafle
67—72—1
Dimethyl sulfate
77-78-1 Hexachloronaphthalefle
1335—87—1
4, 6 Dinitro- D. cres9l:
534—52—1 HexainethylphosphOraflUde
680—31—9
2, 4-Djnh1 ph flOl
51—28—5 Hydrazine
302—01—2
2, 4—Dinh1 ô .ol 1en
121—14—2 Hydrochloric acid
(Hydrogen chloride)
—Dioct l 1â1ate 7647-01-0
117—84—0 -
Hydroquinone
1,4—DioX& ’ 123—31—9
123—91—1
- Isobutyraldehyde
Epich1orOh drifl 78-84—2
106—89—8
Isopropyl Alcohol
2-Ethoxyethano l, 67-63-0
110—80—5
-------
—4—
Maleic anflydride Nitroglycerin
108—31—6 55—63—0
Methanö 1 2-Nit ropheflO 1
(Methyl Alcohol) 88-75-5
67—56—1
Octachloronaphthalefle
2-MethoxyethaflOl 2234—13-1
109—86—4
PentachloroplleflOi.
Nethyl acrylate 87—86—5
96—33—3
Phenol
4,4’—Methy leflebiS(2— 108—95—2
chioroani line)
101-14-4 2-PhenylpheJ Ol,
(o-PhenylphenOl)
4,4 ‘—MethylenebiS (N, J— 90—43—7
dimethyl ) benzenainifle
101—61-1 Phosgene
75—44—5
Methylene bromide
74-95—3 PhthaliC anflydride
85—44—9
4 , 4 ‘—Methyleflediaflilifle
10 1-77-9 Polychioriflated biphenyls.
(PCBs)
Methyl ethyl ketone 1336—36-3
78—93—3
Propane sultone
Methyl isocyanate (1 ,2—Oxathiolane—2 , 2—o2ç d .)
624—83—9 1120—71—4
Methyl methacrylate Propoxur
80—62—6 114—26—1
Molybdenum trioxide Propylene
1313—27—5 115—07—1
Naphtha lefle Propylene imine
91—20—3 75—55—8
Nitric acid Pyridine
7697—37—2 110—86—1
Nitrobenzene Quinoline
98—95—3 91—22—5
4-Nitrobiphenyl Saccharin
92—93—3 81—07—2
-------
—5—
Selenium 1 , 2, 4—Trimethylbeflzefle
7782—49—2 95—63—6
(see fact sheet for
Silver trimethylbenzefle 25551—l3 7)
7440—22—4
Urethane (Ethyl carbainate
Sodium hydroxide’ 51-79-6
1310—73—2
Vanadium
Styrefle 7440—62—2
100—42—5
Vinyl acetate
Sulfuric acid 108—05—4
7664—93—9
Vinyl bromide
1 ,1,2, 2—TetrachlorOeth fle 5 93—60—2
79—34—5
Vinyl chloride
TetrachiorOethylefle 75-01-4
127—18—4
Vinylidene chloride
Thiourea 75—35-4
62—56—6
Xy lene
Toluene 1330—20—7
108—88—3
Zinc
Toluene—2 ,4—diisocyanate 7440—66—6
58 4—8 4—9
Q-T6ft1 idi ’fle
95—53—4
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzefle
120—82—1
1,1 , 1-Trichioroethafle
(Methyl Chloroform)
7 1—5 5—6
Tr ichloroethylene
79—01—6
2,4, 6-TrichioropheflOl
88—06—2
Tn fluralin
1582—09—8
-------
July 1988
TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEETS
NUNERICAL LIST
Formaldehyde Chloroform
50—00—0 67—66—3
2, 4-Din.itropheflOl Hexachioroethafle
51—28—5 67—72—1
Urethane (Ethyl carbamate) -Buty1 alcohol
51—79—6 71—36—3
2-Ac tylaminof1uorene Benzene
53—96—3 71—43—2
Nitroglycerin 1 , 1 , 1—Trichloroethane
55—63—0 (Methyl Chloroform)
7 1—55—6
Carbon tetrachioride
56-23-5 Ethylene
74—85—1
Chiordane
57-74-9 Chloromethane
(Methyl Chloride)
4-DimethylamiflOaZObeflZefle 74-87-3
60—11—7
Methylene bromide
Aniline 74—95—3
62—53—3
Vinyl chloride
Thiourea — 75—01-4
62—56—6
Acetonitri le
Dichlorvos 75—05—8
62—73—7
Acetaldehyde
Carbaryl 75—07—0
63—25—2
Carbon disulfide
Methanol 75—15—0
(Methyl Alcohol)
67-56—1 Ethylene oxide
75—21—8
Isopropyl Alcohol
67—63—0 Bromoform
75—25—2
Acetone
67—64—1
-------
—2—
Vinylidene chloride DimethylCarbaiflYl chloride
75—35—4 (DimethylCar]DamoYl chloride)
79—44—7
Phosgene
75-44-5 Methyl methacrylate
80—62—6
Propyleneimifle
75—55—8 Saccharin
81—07—2
tert-Butyl alcohol
75-65-0 1_Amino-2—methylaflthraquiflOfle
82—28—0
Freon 113
(1,1 ,2—TrichlOro—l ,2 ,2— Diethyl phthalate
TrifluorOethafie) 84-66—2
76—13—1
Dibutyl phthalate 1
HexachlOroCYC lopentadiefle 84—74-2
77—47—4
Phthalic anhydride
Dimethyl sulfate 85—44-9
77—78—1
Hexachloro-l , 3-butadiene.
IsobutyraldehYde 87—68-3
78—84—2
Pentachioropheflo 1
1 , 2—Dichioropropafle 87—86—5
78—87—5
2,4, 6—TrichioropheflOl
ç-Buty1 alcohol 88-06-2
78—92—2
2-Nitrophenol
Methyl ethyl ketone 88—75-5
7 8—9 3—3
Q-Anisidine
90—04—0
2-Pheny ipheno 1
Trich loroethy lefle (o-Phenylplienol)
79—01—6 90—43—7
crylarnide Naphthalene
79—O6- 1 91—20—3
acrylic acid Quinolifle
79—10—7 91—22—5
1,1,2 ,2—Tetrachloroethafle 4- minobipheny1
79_34—5 92—67—1
-------
—3—
Benzidine 1, 4—Dichlorobenzene
92—87—5 106—46—7
4-Nitrolipheflyl Epichiorohydrin
92—93—3 106—89—8
1, 3—Butadiene
106—99—0
1, 2—Dichlorobenzefle Acrolein
95—50—1 107—02—8
Q-Toluidine Allyl chloride
95—53—4 107—05—1
1,2, 4—Trimethylbenzefle 1, 2—Dichloroethane
95—63—6 107—06—2
(see fact sheét for
trimethylbeflZefle 25551—13—7) Acrylonitrile
107—13—1
Methyl acrylãte
96—33—3 Chioromethyl methyl ether
107—30—2
Cuinene
98-82-8 Vinyl acetate
108—05—4
Benzal chloride’
98—87—3 Maleic anhydride
108—31—6
Benzoyl chloride
98-88—4 Toluene
108—88—3
Nitrobenzefle
98—95—3 Chlorobenzene
108—90—7
Styrene
100—42—5 Phenol
108—95—2
Benzyl chloride:
100—44-7 2—MethoxyethaflOl
109—86—4
4,4’ —MethylenebiS (2-
chloroani line) 2-EthoxyethaflOl
101—14—4 110—80—5
4,4 ‘-Methy1enebiS(L ,N- Cyclohexane
dimethy l)benzenalnifle 110-82—7
10 1—6 1—1
Pyridine
4,4’-Methy lenediaflh lifle 110-86—1
101—77—9
-------
—4—
Diethanolamifle Dimethyl phtlialate
111—42—2 131—11—3
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether Captan
111—44—4 133—06—2
Propoxur Ch lorainben
114—26—1 133—90—4
Propylene Ethyl acrylate
115—07—1 140—88—5
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Butyl acrylate
(Bis (2—ethyihexyl) 141—32—2
phtlialate)
117-81—7 Ethyleneimifle
151—56—4
n-Dioctyl phthalate
117-84—0 Calcium cyanainide
156—62—7
3,3 ‘-Dimethylbeflzidifle
(Q-Tolidine) Hydrazine
119—93—7 302—01—2
Anthracefle Diazomethane
120—12—7 334—88—3
Catechol 4, 6—Dinitro—Q—creSOl
(I, 2—DihydroxybeflZefle) 5 34—52—1
120—80—9
1, 2-Dichloroethyleñe
1,2,4—Trich lorobeflZefle 540—59—0
120—82—1
1, 3-Dichioropropylefle
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 542—75—6
121—14—2
Toluene-2 , 4-di isocyan te .
, -Dimethy1anh1ifle 584-84-9
121—69—7
Vinyl bromide
Hydroquinone 593-60-2
123—31—9
Methyl isocyanate
l,4—Dioxane 624—83—9
123—91—1
HexaxnethylphOSphOraiflide:
Ch loroprene 680-31-9
126—99—8
Propane sultone
Tetrach loroethylefle (1 ,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-DiOXide)
127—18—4 1120—71—4
-------
—5—
Sodium hydroxide Cobalt
1310—73—2 7440—48—4
Molybdenum trioxidé Copper
1313—27—5 7440—50—8
Cresol Vanadium
(Cresylic Acid) 7440—62—2
1319—77—3
Zinc
Xylene 7440—66—6
13 30—20—7
Hydrochloric acid
Asbestos (Hydrogen chloride)
1332—21—4 7647—01—0
Hexachloronaphtha lefle Sulfuric acid
1335—87—1 7664—93—9
Polychlorinated biphenyls Nitric acid
(PCBs) 7697—37—2
13 36—36—3
Selenium
Trifluralin 7782—49—2
15 82—09—8
Chlorine
OctachlOrOflaphtha lefle 7782-50-5
2234—13—1
Chlorine dioxide
Ammonium nitrate (solution) 10049—04-4
6484—52—2
Silver
7440—22—4
Antimony
7440—36—0
Arsenic
7440—38—2
Barium
7440—39—3
Beryllium
7440—41—7
Cadmium
7 440—43—9
Chromium
7440—47—3
-------
DEFINITIONS
ACGIH is the American Conference of Coy-
errunental Industrial Hygienists. It recom-
mends upper limits (called TLVs) for expo-
sure to workplace chemicals.
CAG is the Carcinogens Assessment Group of
the federal EPA.
A carcinogen is a substance that causes
cancer.
The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical
Abstracts Service to identify a specific
chemical.
A combustible substance is a solid, liq-
uid or gas that will burn.
A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or
solid that causes irreversible damage to
human tissue or containers.
DEP is the New Jersey Department of Envi-
ronmental Protection.
DOT is the Department of Transportation,
the federal agency that regulates the
transportation of chemicals.
EPA is the Environmental Protection
Agency, the federal agency responsible for
regulating environmental hazards.
A fetus is art unborn human or animal.
A flammable substance is a solid, liquid,
vapor or gas that will ignite easily-and
burn rapidly.
The flash point is the temperature at
hich a liquid or solid gives off vapor
that can form a flammable mixture with
air.
IARC is the International Agency for Re-
search on Cancer, a scientific group that
classifies chemicals according to their
cancer-causing potential.
A miscible substance is a liquid or gas
that will evenly dissolve in another.
mg/rn 3 means milligrams of a chemical in a
cubic meter of air. It is a measure of
concentration (weight/volume).
NSHA is the Mine Safety and Health Admin-
istration, the federal agency that regu-
lates mining. It also evaluates and ap-
proves respirators.
A mutagen is a substance that causes muta-
tions. A mutation is a change in the gene-
tic material in a body cell. Mutations
can lead to birth defects, miscarriages,
or cancer.
NCI is the National Cancer Institute, a
federal agency that determines the cancer-
causing potential of chemicals.
NFPA is the National Fire Protection Asso-
ciation. It classifies substances accord-
ing to their fire and explosion hazard.
NIOSH is the National Institute for Occu-
pational Safety and Health. It tests
equipment, evaluates and approves respi-
rators, conducts studies of workplace haz-
ards, and proposes standards to OSHA.
NTP is the National Toxicology Program
which tests chemicals and reviews evidence
for cancer.
OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, which adopts and enforces
health and safety standards.
ppm means parts of a substance per million
parts of air. It is a measure of concen-
tration by volume in air.
A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or
gas that can cause an explosion under cer-
tain conditions or on contact with other
specific substances.
A teratogen is a substance that causes
birth defects by damaging the fetus.
TLV is the Threshold Limit Value, the
workplace exposure limit recommended by
ACCIH.
The vapor pressure is a measure of how
readily a liquid or a solid mixes with air
at its surface. A higher vapor pressure
indicates a higher concentration of the
substance in air and therefore increases
the likelihood of breathing it in.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetaldehyde
Chemical lthstract Service * 75-07—0
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to tile chemicals where they— work-i - several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: ACETALDEHYDE
CAS
Number:
75-07-0
RTK
Substance number: 0001
DOT
Number:
UN
1089
Date
: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Acetaldehyde can affect you when
breathed in.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN and may be a
TERATOCEN, handle it as a possible car-
cinogen- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause you to become dizzy,
lightheaded, and to pass out. It can
irritate the eyes, nose, throat and
lungs. Higher exposures can cause flu-
id in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
* Contact can severely burn the eyes.
Repeated contact can cause rash and/or
skin allergy.
Acetaldehyde is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and
REACTIVE liquid or gas and is a DANGER-
OUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Acetaldehyde is a colorless liquid or gas
with a strong fruity odor. It is used to
manufacture many other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acetaldehyde is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, NFPA and
EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
MUTACEN, FLA}IM&BLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 0.050 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 200 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 150 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* Acetaldehyde is a MUTAGEN and may be a
TERATOGEN. Mutagens may have a cancer
risk. All contact with this chemical
should be reduced to the lowest pos-
sible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical re-’ease. If local ex-
haust ventilation or ‘enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Acetaldehyde and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Acetaldehyde to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
ACETALDEHYDE
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
page 2 of 5
exposures can cause itching and a rash
* Very irritating substances may aff
the lungs. It is not known wheti.
Acetaldehyde causes lung damage.
* Repeated exposure may cause chronic ir-
ritation of the eyes and skin.
MEDICAL TESTING
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur inunediately or shortly
after exposure to Acetaldehyde:
* Acetaldehyde may irritate the skin,
causing a rash or burning feeling on
contact.
* The liquid can severely burn the eyes,
leading to permanent damage.
* Breathing the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, throat and lungs, causing
coughing and/or shortness of breath.
Higher exposures can cause a build-up
of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary ed-
ema). This can cause death.
* Inhaling a high concentration of the
vapor may cause you to feel sleepy or
dizzy, to pa ss out, or even die.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Acetaldehyde and can last for
months or years:
• Cancer Hazard
* Acetaldehyde causes MUTATIONS (genetic
changes). Such chemicals may have a
cancer or reproductive risk and in
fact, there is limited evidence that
Acetaldehyde causes cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe ‘level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
.tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Acetaldehyde may be a TERATOGEN in hu-
mans since it has been shown to be a
teratogen in animals.
Other Long-Ter n Effects
* Acetaldehyde may cause a skin allergy.
If allergy develops, very low future
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a care
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure. You have a legal
right to request copies of your medical
testing under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the s’
stance is released into the workplace
(3) whether harmful skin or eye conto
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
-------
ACETALDEHYDE
page 3 of 5
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ominended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Acetaldehyde from storage contain-
ers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Acetaldehyde should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Acetaldehyde.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Acetaldehyde, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Acetaldehyde at the end
of each workday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ace-
ta].dehyde is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acetaldehyde.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Butyl Rubber as a good
to excellent protective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear gas-proof goggles, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 100 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered-air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Acetalde-
hyde, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the _area j.mm diaEe1y.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer: good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You. may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for exposure.great-
er than 10,000 ppm exists, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece oper-
ated in the pressure demand or other
positive pressure mode.
-------
ACETALDEHYDE
page 4 of 5
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Acetaldehyde you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Acetaldehyde must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS, ACIDS,
BASES, ALCOHOLS, AMMONIA, AMINES, PHE-
NOLS, KETONES, HYDROGEN CYANIDE, HYDRO-
GEN SULFIDE, ACID ANHYDRIDES, and HALO-
GENS, since violent reactions. occur.
* Store in tightly closed airtight con-
tainers in a cool, dark, well-venti-
lated area.
* Nitrogen or another inactive gas should
be used as an “inert blanket” over liq-
uid Acetaldehyde in storage containers.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Ac-
etaldehyde is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Acetaldehyde
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Acetaldehyde.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
- when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open C(
tainers), and “ confined space” exi.
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using nit
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop.
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: ACETALDEHYDE
DOT Number: UN 1089
DOT Emergency Guide code: 26
CAS Number: 75-07-0
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I 4
I
I
I
IREACTIVITY
2
IEXPLOSIVE GAS
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Acetaldehyde is a FLAMMABLE and EXPLO-
SIVE LIQUID or GAS.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , alcohol foam ex-
tinguishers or water to keep fire-
exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acetaldehyde is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acetaldehyde as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 30 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting the upper and lower
lids. Seek medical attention immedi-
ately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 750 mm Hg at
(20°C)
Flash Point: -36°F (-57°C)
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Acetaldehyde
Other Names and Formulations:
Acetic Aldehyde; Ethanal; Ethyl Aldehyde
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
68°F
FOR 1.ARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetone
Chemical Abstract Service * 67—64—1
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the puilic understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Acetone is a colorless liquid with a
sweet odor. It is used as a solvent and
to manufacture other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acetone is on the Workplace
Substance List because it is
by OSHA and cited by ACCIX,
other authorities.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLAMMABLE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1,000 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 250 ppm averaged over a
10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 750 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 1000 ppm as
a STEL (short-term exposure
limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
EING EXPOSED
r.xposure to nazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 13 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, encloee operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly after exposure to
Acetone.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training
effort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Acetone to potentially exposed workers.
COMMON NAME: ACETONE
CAS NUMBER: 67-64-1
DOT NUMBER: uz i 1090
.
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Acetone can affect you when breathed in
* Contact can irritate the skin.
and by passing through your skin.
Repeated exposure may cause dryness.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
cause you to become dizzy, lightheaded,
and throat.
and to pass out.
* Acetone is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a
FIRE HAZARD.
Hazardous
regulated
NIOSH and
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should b e used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Acetone:
* Contact can irritate the eyes or skin.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* High concentrations can cause you to
become dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass
out.
chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure and can last for months or years:
* High exposures may damage the liver and
kidneys.
* Repeated skin contact with the liquid
can cause dryness and irritation of the
skin.
*.Long term exposure can cause chronic
nose and throat irritation.
MEDICAL TESTING
If: symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
*.AcetOne can be measured in the blood,
urine, and expired air, and has been
- used as an index of exposure
* Liver- and/or kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are not a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this infor-
mation under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local e haust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace., consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for h hly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Acetone from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are
recommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document on
Ketones # 78-173.
Good WORK PRACTICE S can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Acetone should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* On skin contact with Acetone, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Acetone is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER ThAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
r r!r . • • - T ’-
i - — ,- A lZ
-------
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acetone. Wear
solvent-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppi iers/manuf actur -
ers can provide recoimnendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Butyl Rubber as a good
to excellent protective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 250 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor canister. Increased
protection is obtained from full face-
piece powered air purifying respira-
tors.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Acetone, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilte ,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied- air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow’
mode.
* Exposure to 20,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 20,000
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with,
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Acetone you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Acetone must be stored to avoid contact
with OXIDIZING MATERIALS, such as
PEROXIDES, CHLORATES, PERCHLORATES,
NITRATES, and PERMANCANATES, and ACIDS,’
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT, SPARKS, and FLAME.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited whets
Acetone is used, handled, or stored in-
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Acetone should
be grounded and bonded. Drums must .bs.
equipped with self-closing valves,
pressure vacuum bungs, and .fl 51 5.
arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and .clQS ’ .
ing containers of Acetone.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will. I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long ”term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Page3 :11
-------
LI
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other vhvsical and
chanical orocesses (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined sDace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those founds in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
1 ci 1 ___
Common Name: ACETONE WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
iT Number: UN 1090 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Flammability: 3 CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: 0 Health hazards on front page
FIRE HAZARDS HANDLING AND STORAGE (see page 3)
* Acetone is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers. Use water to keep f ire-
exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS NAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acetone is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
Remove all ignition sources.
Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Acetone out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the pos-
sibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acetone as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Department of Environ-
mental Protection or your
regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
Date prepared: Septether 1985
OCS- 16
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids. -
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical
facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 266 mm Hg at 77°F
Flash Point: 1.4°F
Water So].ubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Propanone
Other Names: Dimethylformaldehyde; Di-
methyl Ketone; Methyl Ketone
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Revision:
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acetonitri le
Chemical Abstract Service * 75—05—8
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: ACETONITRILE
CAS
Number:
75-05-8
RTK Substance number: 0008
DOT
Number:
UN
1648
Date:
1/31/86
HAZARD SUNHARY
* Acetonitrile can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
Exposure can cause fatal Cyanide poi-
soning. Symptoms of chest tightness,
nausea and vomiting, weakness, and
shortness of breath may lead to death.
* Acetonitrile can irritate the eyes,
nose, throat, skin, and lungs. It may
affect the thyroid gland.
* It is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a FIRE
HAZARD. It should be used and stored
away from heat or flame.
iDENTIFICATION
Acetonitrile is a colorless liquid with an
ether-like odor. It is used as a solvent
and in making pesticides and pharma-
ceuticals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acetonitrile is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is regulated by
OSHA and cited by ACCIH, DOT, NIOSH,
NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLAMMABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERNINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 170 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 40 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 20 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 40 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 60 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Acetonitrile.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Acetonitrile to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
ACETONITRILE
page 2 of
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors wjll
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL TESTING
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFOPHATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Acetonitrile:
* Exposure can cause fatal cyanide poi-
soning. Symptoms of flushing of the
face, chest tightness, nausea and
vomiting, weakness, and shortness of
breath may lead to death. These reac-
tions may begin hours after overexpo-
sure.
* Acetonitrile can irritate the eyes,
nose, throat, and lungs.
* Contact can cause skin irritation.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Acetonitri].e and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Acetonitrile has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals. —
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Acetonitrile has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may affect the thy-
roid gland, causing enlargement.
* High exposures may damage the nervous
system, liver, and kidneys.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Acetonitrile causes lung damage.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Blood Cyanide test and/or urine Thio-
cyanate test. (Blood Cyanide over 0.1
mg/i or urine Thiocyanate over 20 mg/i
indicates overexposure.)
* Maintain close medical monitoring.
Slow release of cyanide from absorbed
Acetonitrile may cause delayed symp-
toms.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute F
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way_of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals
when significant skin, eye, or breathi
exposures are possible.
-------
ACETONITRILE
page 3 of 5
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Acetonitrile from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Acetonitrile
# 78-212.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Acetonitrile should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Acetonitri]e.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shover facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Acetonitrila, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Acetonitrile at the end
of each workday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ace-
tonitrile is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acetonitrile.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recominenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Acetonitrile you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Acetonitrile must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUORINE, since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Ace-
tonitrile is handled, used, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers used in the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Acetonitrile
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
-------
ACETONITRILE page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-terni effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical vrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOll Hazard rating
I
IFL A BILITY
3
I
I
IREACTIVITY
I
1
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Acetonitrile is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Cyanide.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acetonitrile is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acetonitrile as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Antidotes and Special Procedures
Acetonitrile can cause fatal Cyanide poi-
soning. Cyanide antidote kit must be kept
in immediate work area. Persons trained
in the use of this kit, oxygen use, and
CPR must be available within 1-2 minutes.
In the event of overexposure, and/or symp-
toms:
* Remove from contaminated area.
* Give Amyl Nitrate capsules (as di-
rected, by trained personnel only).
* Remove contaminated clothing and flush
skin with large amounts of water.
* 100% oxygen should be given by trained
personnel.
* Immediately transfer to emergency room.
Observe for 24 to 48 hours.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
Skin Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water.
* Seek medical attention promptly.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 73 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Flash Point: 42°F (5.6°C)
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS
Cyanomethane; Ethyl Nitrile; Methyl Cya-
nide
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>))>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ACETONITRI LE
UN 1648
Guide code: 28
75-05-8
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-Acetylaininof luorene
chemical Abstract Service It 53—96—3
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
I HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 2 -ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE
CAS
Number:
53-96-3 RTK Substance number: 0010
DOT
Number:
None Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a CARCINOGEN- -
HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
IDENTIFICATION
2-Acetylaminofluorene is a tan powder or
ta1line (sugar or sand-like) solid.
is used in laboratory research.
REASON FOR CITATION
2-Acetylaminofluorene is on the Haz-
ardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by NTP and
EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT and a NUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* There have been no exposure limits es-
tablished for 2-Acetylaminofluorene.
There is a full OSHA standard 1910.1014
with specific regulations for 2-Acetyl-
aminofluorene.
* 2-Acetylaininofluorene is absorbed
through your skin. Skin contact should
be eliminated.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated area should be established
where 2-Acetylaininofluorene is handled,
used, or stored as required in the OSHA
Standard 1910. 1014.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene and upon
exit from a regulated area.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 2-
Acetylaminofluorene to potentially
exposed workers.
with you.
-------
2 -ACETYLA}IINOFLUORENE
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
page 2 of 5
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 2-Acetylaininofluorene:
* Because 2-Acetylaininofluorene has very
limited use in industry, and contact is
kept to a minimum to prevent cancer,
nothing is known about acute health
effects.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is some evidence that it causes
bladder, kidney and liver cancer in hu-
mans and it has been shown to cause
bladder, kidney and liver cancer in an-
imals.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 2-Acety-
laininofluorene is a teratogen in ani-
mals. Until further testing has been
done, it should be treated as a possi-
ble teratogen in humans.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
mended:
* Urine cytology (a special test for ab-
normal cells in the urine).
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Re-
fer to the OSHA standard: 1910.1014, 2-
Ace tylazainofluorene.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene should be used in
an enclosed system.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
2-Acetylaminofluorene.
-------
2 -ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE
page 3 of 5
* On skin contact with 2-Acetylaminofluo-
rene, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 2-Acetylaminofluorene at
the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-
Acetylaminoflilorene is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2-Acetylamino-
fluorene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protect ion
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that cakes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
2-ACETYLANINOFLUORENE page 4 of 5
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
NJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
INot
Found I
Found I
I
I
REACTIVITY
INot
ICANCER-CAUSING
AGENT
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. 2-Acety-
laminofluorene itself does not burn.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2-Acetylaminofluorene is spilled, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* If 2-Acetylaminofluorene is spilled or
leaked, only specifically trained per-
sonnel should be involved in the clean-
up.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 2-Acetylaininofluorene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene must be stored to
avoid contact with CYANIDES, since vio-
lent reactions occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Acetainide, N-9H Fluoren-2-yl-
Other Names and Formulations:
N-2-Fluorenyl Acetamide; N-Acetylamino-
phenanthrene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2-Acetylamino-
fluorene you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 2 -Acetylaminofluorene
is handled, used, or stored.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
2 -ACETILANINOFLUORENE
None
Guide code: No Citation
53-96-3
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United
States Environmental Protection
Office of Toxic Substances
Agency
Acro le in
Chemical Abstract Service * 107-02—8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONNENThL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
l9 6 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME: ACROLEIN
CM NUMBER: 107-02-8
DOT NUMBER: UN 1092
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Acrolein can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Because this is a MUTACEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Exposure can irritate the lungs, caus-
ing coughing and shortness of breath.
Higher exposures can cause a buildup of
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
and death.
* Contact can severely burn the eyes and
skin.
* It is highly FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE and
a FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Acrolein is a clear colorless or yellow-
ish liquid with a piercing disagreable
dor that causes tearing. It is used in
snaking plastics, drugs and tear gas.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acrolein is on the Workplace Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIH, DEP and
NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a MUTAGEN and is FL&tMMABLE and REAC-
TIVE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.1 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 0.3 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* Acrolein is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may
have a cancer risk. All contact with
this chemical should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.16 ppm
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Acro].ein and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Acro-
lein to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
This Fact Sheet is a sununary source of
information for workers, employers, and
conununity residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-Supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Acrolein:
* Contact with the liquid can severely
burn the skin and eyes.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath. Higher exposures can
cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
* Breathing the vapor can cause dizzi-
ness, nausea, headaches, and in higher
concentrations • unconsciousness and
death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic health effects can
occur at some time after exposure to
Acrolein and can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Acrolein
changes).
cancer risk.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing re-
productive damage in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Acrolein may cause a skin allergy. If
an allergy develops, very low future
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Long-term exposure can cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
* Permanent lung damage can occur after a
high exposure or repeated lower expo-
sures.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure has
occurred, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
causes MUTATIONS (genetic
Such chemicals may have a
-------
f ..• •r
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Acrolein from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Acrolein.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Acrolein, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Acrolein at the end of
each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Acro-
lein is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acrolein. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid.
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IlIPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.1 ppm use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 5 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 5 ppm ex-
ists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Acrolein you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Acrolein must be stored to avoid con-
tact with ACIDS; OXIDIZING AGENTS, such
as PEROXIDES, CHLORATES, PERCHLORATES,
NITRATES, AND PERMANGANATES; or ALKA-
LINE MATERIALS, such as CAUSTICS, AMMO-
NIA, or AMINES, because violent reac-
tions occur.
* Acrolein can violently react at room
temperature. Acrolein must be stabil
ized with an inhibitor and stored in
-------
—
L
- — --
‘— ----- —----—- -. — - ---. . S
-
-----
tightly closed containers in a cool,
well-ventilated area away from heat.
The reaction is speeded up by heat,
even when an inhibitor is used.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where
Acroleth is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Acrolein should
be grounded and bonded. Drums must
be equipped with self-closing valves,
pressure vacuum bungs, and flame ar-
resters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Acrolein.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
cathers) and “ confined space” ex ,o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
FILE HAZARDS
* Acrolein is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers and water to keep fire-
exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIR!.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acrolein is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
emove all ignition sources.
ntilate area of spill or leak.
osorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Acrolein out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* ,jt may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acrolein as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Department of Environ-
mental Protection or your re-
gional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 214 mm Hg at 68°
Flash Point: -15°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER CO O1ONLY USED NANES
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Chemical Name: 2-Propenal
Other Names: Acrylic Aldehyde; Allylalde-
hyde
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
‘ k\’ New Jersey Department of Health
RevIsion:
Date prepared: tober
16
1985 I
AUG
i xciiI jI 1 .i: c i lI f 1 iI]
anon Name: ACROLEIN WARNING
FLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE LIQUID
DOT Number: UN 1092 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Flammability: 3 CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity:2 Health hazards on front page
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrylamide
Chemical Abstract Service IP 79—06-1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENT7 L PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identif led in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: ACRYLANIDE
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Acrylarnide can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Exposure can damage the nervous system,
causing numbness and weakness in the
hands and feet, loss of balance, slur-
red speech, and heavy sweating. These
changes may be permanent.
* Contact can irritate the skin, eyes,
nose, and throat. Solutions may irri-
tate the skin or cause eye burns. A
skin rash may occur.
* Acrylamide can explode if heated to
high temperatures.
)ENTIFICATION
Acrylamide is a white crystal (flake-like)
r colorless, odorless solid. It can also
appear in solutions. It is used to make
other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acrylamide is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is regulated by
OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH and
EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your en ployer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissib1
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.3 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended ai 3 rborne exposure
limit is 0.3 mg/rn averaged over
a 10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.03 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Acrylamide and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Acry].amide to potentially exposed
workers.
I HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
CAS
Number:
79-06-1
RTK Substance number: 0022
DOT
Number:
UN
2074
Date:
1/31/86
-------
ACRYLAMIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in.
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Acrylamide:
* Exposure irritates the skin, causing a
rash or burning feeling on contact.
* Contact may cause eye burns.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Acrylamide and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Acryla-
mide causes cancer in animals. It may
cause cancer of the skin and lung.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Acryla-
inide may damage the testes (male repro-
ductive glands).
Other Long-Term Effects
* Acrylainide can damage the nervous sys-
tem causing numbness, “pins and nee-
dles,” and/or weakness in the hands and
feet.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Exam of the nervous system. Nerve con-
duction tests should be considered.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Acrylamide from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Acrylam.Lde
#77-112.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Acrylamide should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Acrylamide.
-------
tCE.YIAMIDE
page 3 of 5
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Acrylamide, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Acry-
larnide is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
;uidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acrylantide.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with the liq-
uid and dust-proof goggles and face
shield when working with the solid.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 0.3 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
-------
ACRYLA 1IDE page 4 of 5
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFLAMMABILITY
INot
Foundi
IREACTIVITY
IPOISONOUS GAS
INot
Found
IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
ICONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: O ’.minimal; i—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Acrylamide must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS, such as
CHLORINE DIOXIDE, and BROMINE, since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Acry-
lamide is used, handled, or stored in a
manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
* Acrylamide is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID. Use
dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or foam
extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acrylamide is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acrylamide as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.007 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Flash Point: 280.4°F (138°C)
Water Solubility: Highly soluble
OTHER CO ONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name:
2-Propenamide
Other Names and Formulations:
Acrylic Amide; Propenamide; Acrylamide
Monomer
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARThENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
* Prior to working with Acrylamide you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ACRYLANI DE
UN 2074
Guide code: 55
79-06-1
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrylic acid
Chemical Abstract Service * 79—10—7
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sultunaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: ACRYLIC ACID
0023
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Acrylic Acid can affect you when
breathed in.
* Acrylic Acid should be handled as a
TERATOCEN- - WITh EXTREME CAUTION.
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
* Exposure may cause an allergy to deve-
lop. Even very small future exposures
can cause a rash.
* Acrylic Acid can cause severe eye burns
leading to permanent damage.
* Vapors may irritate the eyes, nose, and
throat.
gh and/or long-term exposure may dam-
e the kidneys and lungs.
It is CORROSIVE, HIGHLY REACTIVE, and a
DANGEROUS EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Acrylic Acid is a clear liquid with a
sharp odor. It is used in the manufacture
of plastic products, leather finishings,
and paper coating.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acrylic Acid is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is cited by
ACGIH, DOT, NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
REACTIVE and CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = Less than 1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Acrylic Acid may be a teratogen in
humans. All contact with this chemical
should be reduced to the lowest poss-
ible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Acrylic Acid and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Acrylic Acid to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
CAS
Number:
79-10-7
RTK
Substance number:
DOT
Number:
UN
2218
Date:
1/31/86
-------
ACRYLIC ACID
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a sununary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Acrylic Acid:
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
* Acrylic Acid can cause severe eye burns
leading to permanent damage.
* Breathing Acrylic Acid can irritate the
nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Acrylic Acid and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Acrylic Acid has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Acrylic
Acid is a teratogen in animals. Until
further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible terato-
gen in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Acrylic Acid may cause a skin allergy.
If allergy develops, very low future
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Long-term and/or high exposures may
damage the kidneys and lungs.
MEDICAL TESTING
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Kidney function tests.
* Skin testing with dilute Acrylic Acid
may help diagnose allergy, if done by a
qualified allergist.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Acrylic Acid from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
-------
&CRYLIC ACID
page 3 of 5
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Acrylic Acid should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Acrylic Acid.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Acrylic Acid, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Acrylic Acid, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Acrylic Acid is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
v7ORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acrylic Acid.
Wear acid-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
* Wear gas-tight goggles if there is a
possibility of exposure to Acrylic Acid
vapor.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Acrylic Acid
does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures near or over 10 ppm, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved full facepiece respira-
tor with an organic vapor cartridge!
canister. Increased protection is ob-
tained from full facepiece powered-air
purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Acrylic
Acid, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or
canister. If the seal is no longer
good, you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for higher expo-
sures exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Acrylic Acid you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
-------
ACRYLIC ACID
page 4 of 5
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
ACRYLIC ACID.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Acrylic Acid is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Acrylic Acid
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* If this material is stored at temper-
atures below 57°F (13.9°C), the explo-
sion hazard is significantly reduced.
* Acrylic Acid is a DANGEROUS EXPLOSION
HAZARD unless it is stored with an
inhibitor (a chemical which stops an
unwanted chemical reaction).
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinE opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
IFLA HABILITY I 2
IREACTIVITY I 2
IC01 R0SIVE
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Acrylic Acid is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* Use water spray to keep fire-exposed
containers cool.
* If leak or spill has not ignited, use
water spray to disperse the vapors.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acrylic Acid is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Acrylic Acid out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acrylic Acid as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N << >> >>>)>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ACRYLIC ACID
UN 2218
Guide code: 29
79-10-7
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Acrylonitri le
Chemical Abstract Service t 107-13—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/87
HAZARD StThU ARY
* Acry].onitrile can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Acrylonitrile is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* High exposure can cause collapse and
death. Lower exposure can cause weak-
ness, headache, confusion and can lead
to death also.
Vapor can irritate the eyes, throat and
lungs. Higher exposure may cause a
build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmo-
nary edema). This can cause death.
* Contact can irritate the skin.
Acrylonitrile is a FLAMMABLE and REAC-
TIVE CHEMICAL and a FIRE and EXPLOSION
HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Acrylonitrile is a clear, colorless, or
slightly yellowish liquid with a faint
odor. It is used to make synthetic f i-
bers and polymers.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Acrylonitrile is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by NIOSH, ACGIH,
IARC, and NFPA.
This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT, a MUTAGEN, and is
FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 17 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift
and 1.0 ppm, not to be exceeded
during any 15 minute work period.
NIOS}i: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift 4 10 ppm, not
to be exceeded during any 15 mi-
flute work period.
* Acrylonitrile is a PROBABLE CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a carcino-
gen, so all contact should be reduced
to the lowest possible level.
* Skin and eye contact with Acrylonitrile
are prohibited by the OSHA standard
1910.1045.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished as required by the OSHA stan-
dard 1910.1045 where Acrylonitrile is
handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Acrylonitrile and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Acrylonitrile to potentially exposed
workers.
I HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
ACRYLONITRILE
107-13-1
UN 1093
0024
-------
ACRYLONITRILE
page 2 of 6
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure may cause the thyroid gland to
enlarge and interfere with normal thy-
roid function.
* Repeated exposure can irritate the
nose, causing discharge, nose bleeds,
and sores inside the nose.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Acrylonitrile causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Acrylonitrile:
* High exposure can cause collapse and
death.
* Lower exposure can cause weakness,
headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting
and can lead to death also
* Vapor can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and lungs.
* Higher exposure may cause a build-up of
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
This can cause death.
* Skin contact can cause severe irrita-
tion and blistering after few hours.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Acrylonitrile and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Acrylonitrile is a PROBABLE CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. There is some
evidence that it causes lung and large
intestine cancer in humans and it has
been shown to cause brain and stomach
cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is no evidence that Acrylonitrile
adversely affects reproduction. This is
based on test results presently avail-
able to the New Jersey Department of
Health from published studies.
Medical Testing
Before first exposure, and every year
after, OSHA requires your employer to
provide:
* Complete physical exam.
* Chest x-ray.
* Stool test for blood for those over 40.
In addition, for those with frequent or
potentially high exposure (half the TLV or
greater, or significant skin contact), the
following are recommended before beginning
work and at regular times after that:
* Urine thiocyanate levels.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Blood cyanide level.
* Thyroid function tests.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposure
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
-------
CRYLONITRILE
page 3 of 6
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Acrylonitrile from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
onimended for Acrylonitrile by NIOSH and
required by OSHA. Refer to the NIOSH
criteria document: Occupational Expo-
sure to AcrylonLtrile #78-116 and fol-
low the regulations in the OSHA stand-
ard 1910.1045.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Acrylonitrile should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Acrylonitrile.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Acrylonitrile, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Acrylonitrile at the
end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Acry-
lonitrile is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Acrylonitrile.
All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* ACCIH recommends Neoprene as a protec-
tive material.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
-------
ACRYLONITRILE
page 4 of 6
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 4,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 4,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Acrylonitrile is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Acrylonitrile out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Acrylonitrile as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Acrylonitrile you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A full OSHA standard 1910.1045 exists
for the handling and use of Acryloni-
true.
* Acrylonitrile must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, CHLORINE DIOXIDE, NITRATES
and especially BROMINE), and STRONG
BASES (such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE, P0-
TASSIUM HYDROXIDE. COPPER, COPPER AL-
LOYS, AMMONIA and AMINES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT, FLAME or LIGHT. If exposed to
heat or light, uninhibited Acryloni-
true can react violently by itself,
leading to an explosion of a closed
container. It must never be stored.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Acryl-
onitrile is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Acrylonitrile
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Acrylonitrile.
* Wherever Acrylonitrile is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
-------
.CRYLONITRILE page 5 of 6
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
NJ DCII Hazard rating I
FLAMMABILITY I 3 I
REACTIVITY I 2
CARCINOGEN
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1 s1ight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Acrylonitrile is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Cyanide.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN A FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source and forms
explosive mixtures with air.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers. Water can be used to
keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES (See Page 4)
page 6 of 6
I N F 0 R M A P I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
Antidotes and Special Procedures
* Use Amyl Nitrate capsules if symptoms
develop.
* All area employees should be trained
regularly in emergency measures for
cyanide poisoning and in CPR.
* A Cyanide antidote kit must be rapidly
available and ingredients replace every
1-2 years to ensure freshness.
* Medical personnel trained in treatment
of Cyanide poisoning should be quickly
available.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 83 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 30°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 4)
FIRST AID
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
2-Propenenitrile
Other Names and Formulations:
Propenenitrile; Vinyl Cyanide;
ethylene
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ACRYLONITRI LE
UN 1093
Guide code: 30
107-13-1
Cyano-
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Allyl chloride
Chemical Abstract Service t 107—05—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENT7 IL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-- such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: ALLYL CHLORIDE
CAS
Number:
107-05-1
RTK
Substance number: 0039
DOT
Number:
UN
1100
Date
: 7/31/ 86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Allyl Chloride can affect you when
breathed in.
* It may cause mutations and may damage
the developing fetus. Since it is a
possible cancer-causing substance, han-
dle with extreme caution.
* Contact causes immediate deep aching
pain, and can cause skin and eye burns.
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat,
and lungs. Higher exposures may cause
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
* Repeated exposures can cause liver and
kidney damage.
It is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a FIRE
HAZARD. High vapor concentrations may
cause an explosion.
IDENTIFICATION
Allyl Chloride can be a colorless, yellow,
or purple liquid. It has an very strong,
unpleasant odor. It is used in making
allyl compounds.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Allyl Chloride is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by NIOSH, ACCIH and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLA1 (ABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERNINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
*Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 1.2 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour vorkshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 3 ppm, not
to be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 2 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* Allyl Chloride may cause mutations.
All contact with this chemical should
be reduced to the lowest possible
level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Allyl Chloride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Allyl
Chloride to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
ALLYL CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all Dotential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure,
concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to
any of the potential effects described
below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORNATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Allyl Chloride:
* Contact with the liquid can cause skin
burns, deep aching, and “bone pain.”
* The liquid can cause severe eye burns,
leading to permanent damage.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath. This may appear sev-
eral hours after exposure and may leave
permanent damage.
* Higher exposure could cause a build-up
of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
which may be delayed 1-2 days. This
can cause death.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Allyl Chloride and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Allyl Chloride may cause mutations
(genetic changes) in living cells.
Whether or not it poses a cancer hazard
needs further study.
Reproductive Hazard
* Allyl Chloride may damage the develop-
ing fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* It may damage the liver and kidneys.
* Long-term exposure may cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
* Very irritating substance may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether Al-
ly 1 Chloride causes lung damage.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are Li a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective than the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the
substance is released into the workplace
and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls
should be in place for highly toxic
chemicals or when significant skin, eye,
or breathing exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
-------
kLLYL CHLORIDE
page 3 of 5
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Allyl Chloride from drums, or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Allyl Chloride
#76-204.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Allyl Chloride should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Allyl Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Allyl Chloride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Allyl
Chloride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every
situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Allyl Chloride.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment sup-
pliers/manufacturers can provide re-
commendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your op-
eration.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with the liq-
uid, unless full facepiece respiratory
protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respira-
tor fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expos-
ures over 1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 300 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 300 ppm
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self.
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Allyl Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Allyl Chloride must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS, (such as
CHLORINE, CHLORINE DIOXIDE, and BRO-
MINE); ACIDS (such as SULFURIC ACID and
HYDROCHLORIC ACID); ALUMINUM; ZINC;
ANINES; PEROXIDES; and CHLORIDES of
IRON or ALUMINUM, since violent reac-
tions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
-------
ALLYL CHLORIDE
page 4 of 5
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Allyl
Chloride is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Allyl Chloride
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Ally]. Chloride.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is de-
termined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and
mechanical processes (heating,
pouring, spraying, spills and
evaporation from large surface areas
such as open containers), and
“ confined space” exposures (working
inside vats, reactors, boilers, small
rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may
affect the ability to have children,
so both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: ALLYL CHLORIDE
DOT Number: UN 1100
DOT Emergency Cuide code: 57
CAS Number: 107-05-1
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY
I
3
IREACTIVITY
I
1
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
* Allyl Chloride is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID
and high concentrations of the vapor
may cause an explosion.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 water spray, or
alcohol foam to extinguish fires. Wa-
ter can be used to keep fire-exposed
containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Allyl Chloride is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Allyl Chloride out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Allyl Chloride as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Pressure: 295 mm Hg at 68°F
Point: 25°F
Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 3- Chloro -1- Propene
Other Names and Formulations: 3-
Chloropropene; l-Chloro-2-propene;
Chloroal lylene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Vapor
Flash
Water
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4-Aminobiphenyl
Chemical Abstract Service * 92—67-1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxiC chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 4-ANINODIPHENYL
CAS
Number:
92-67-1
RTK
Substance number: 0072
DOT
Number:
None
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4-Aminodiphenyl
breathed in and
skin.
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure may interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen (a condi-
tion called methemoglob.Lnemia). This
causes symptoms of headaches, fatigue,
difficulty in breathing, and blue or
violet discoloration of the lips and
skin.
Exposure can cause urinary bladder ir-
ritation. This may cause a burning
feeling on urination and blood in the
urine.
IDENTIFICATION
4 -Aminodiphenyl
lowish-brown
material. It
solutions and
laboratories.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, IARC, NTP
and CAC and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT and a MUTA-
GEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* No exposure limits have been set. How-
ever, there is a full OHSA standard
(1910.1011) that describes how 4-Amino-
diphenyl must be handled.
* 4-Aininodiphenyl is a CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact (including skin) should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 4-Aminodiphenyl is han-
dled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4-Aminodiphenyl and prior to
each exit from a regulated area.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 4-
Aminodiphenyl to potentially exposed
workers.
can affect you when
by passing through your
is a colorless or yel-
crystalline (sand-like)
also exists in liquid
is used in research
-------
4-AMINODIP}IENYL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl:
* Exposure may affect the the ability of
the blood to carry oxygen (methemo-
globinem.La). This can cause headaches,
fatigue, difficulty in breathing, fast
heart rate, and blue or violet discol-
oration of the lips and skin. 4-Amino-
diphenyl can cause a burning feeling on
urination and blood in the urine.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 4-Aminodiphenyl and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. It has been shown to
cause bladder cancer in humans and
animals.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing re-
productive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* In animals there is limited evidence
that 4-Aininodiphenyl may damage the
developing fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* This chemical has not been adequately
evaluated to determine whether brain or
other nerve damage could occur with
repeated exposure. However, many
solvents and other petroleum-based
chemicals have been shown to cause such
damage. Effects may include reduced
memory and concentration, personality
changes (withdrawal, irritability),•
fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced
coordination, and/or effects on nerves
supplying internal organs (autonomic
nerves) and/or nerves to the arms and
legs (weakness, “pins and needles”).
Medical Testing
At regular times (at
after employment, the
mended:
* Urine cytology (a test for abnormal
cells in the urine).
* Interview for brain effects, including
recent memory, mood (irritability,
withdrawal), concentration, headaches,
malaise and altered sleep patterns.
Consider cerebellar, autonomic and
peripheral nervous system evaluation.
Positive and borderline individuals
should be referred for neuropsycho-
logical testing.
Check OSHA Standard 1910.1011 for specific
tests required by law for those exposed to
4-Aininodiphenyl.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Blood inethemoglobin level.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
least twice a year)
following is recom-
-------
4-ANINODIPHENYL
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Establish a regulated area where 4-
Aminodiphenyl is manufactured, used or
stored.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Re-
fer to the OSHA standard 1910.1011 on
4-Aminodiphenyl.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 4-Aininodiphenyl should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4-Aminodiphenyl.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4-Aminodiphenyl,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. Wash any areas of the
body that may have contacted 4-Amino-
diphenyl prior to each exit from the
regulated area.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4-
Aminodiphenyl is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum method. A high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
page 3 of 5
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4-Aininodi-
phenyl. All protective clothing
(suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day,
and put on before entering a regulated
area and removed before exiting a regu-
lated area.
* Full body protective clothing, shoe
covers, and gloves should be provided
and worn. Contact safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers for recommend-
ations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the re-
commended respiratory protecton.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER. USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to 4-Aminodi-
phenyl does not occur.
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
-------
4-A}!INODIPHENYL page 4 of 5
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
INot
Found
I
IREACTIVITY
Not
Found
I
ICANCER-CAUSING
AGENT
I
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. 4-Amino-
dipheny]. itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4-Aminodiphenyl is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 4-Aniinodiphenyl as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1,1’ -Biphenyl-4-Ainine
Other Names and Formulations:
4-Aminobiphenyl; p-Aminobiphenyl; Aininobi-
phenyl; Xenylamine; Biphenylamine;
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4-Aminodipheny].
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 4-Aininodiphenyl is han-
dled, used, or stored, that is main-
tained under a negative pressure.
* Refer to the OSHA standard 1910.1011.
>>-.‘>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
4 -ANINODIPHENYL
None
Guide code: No Citation
92-67-1
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1—Amino- 2-methylantllraquiflOfle
Chemical Abstract Service t 82—28—0
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
].-AXINO-2 -METHYL-
ANTHRAQUINONE
82-28-0
None
RTK Substance number: 0076
Date: 6/10/88
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1-Amino-2-uiethylanthraquinone can af-
fect you when breathed in.
* l-Ainino-2-inethylanthraquinone is a CAR-
CINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Contact may irritate the eyes and skin.
IDENTIFICATION
L-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone is used as a
dye intermediate for textiles and ther-
moplastics.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by NTP and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for 1-Amino- 2 -methylanthra-
quinone. This does not mean that this
substance is not harmful. Safe work
practices should always be followed.
* 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone is a
PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 1-Amino- 2-methylanthra-
quinone is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to l-Amino-2 -methylanthraquinone
and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1-
Amino- 2 -methylanthraquinone to po ten-
tially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
-------
1 -AMINO -2 -}IETHYLANTHRAQUINONE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all notential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1-Amino-2-methylanthra-
quinone:
* Contact may irritate the eyes and skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l-Ainino-2-methylanthraquinone and
can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* I.-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone is a
PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans. There
is some evidence that it causes liver
and kidney cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, l-Amino-2-methylanthra-
quinone has not been tested for its
ability to adversely affect reproduc-
tion.
Other Long-Term Effects
* 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone has not
been tested for other chronic (long
term) health effects.
MEDICAL TESTING
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is re-
commended:
* Where possible, transfer l-Amino-2-
methylanthraquinone from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers -
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by 1-Amino-2 -methylanthraquinone
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1-Amino- 2 -methyl.anthraquinone.
-------
-AMINO -2 -METHYLANTHRAQUINONE
page 3 of 5
* On skin contact with l-Amino-2-methyl-
anthraquinone, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the
end of the workshift, wash any areas of
the body that may have contacted ].-
Aniino-2-methylanthraquinone, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1-
Amino- 2 -methylanthraquinone is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemi-
cal can be swallowed. Wash hands care-
fully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
.ective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l-Amino-2-
methylanthraquinone. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to l-Amino-2-
methylanthraquinone does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the Continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
-------
l -AMINO-2-NETHYLANTHRAQUINONE page 4 of 5
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
>... - >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C Y
Common Name: l—AMINO—2—
METHLANTHPAQUINONE
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 1-Ainino-2-methylanthra-
quinone is handled, used, or stored.
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
IFLAMMABILITY Not Found I
REACTIVITY INot Founds
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Nitrogen Oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If l-Ainino-2-methylanthraquinone is
spilled or leaked, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1 -Amino -2 -methylanthraquinone
as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your
state Environmental Program for spe-
cific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove
Immediately wash
large amounts of
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
9, lO-Anthracenedione, l-Ainino-2-methyl-
Other Names and Formulations:
2-Methyl-l-anthraquinonylainine; C. I. Dis-
perse Orange 11; Acetate Fast Orange R
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1-Ainino-2-methyl-
anthraquinone you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
None
Guide code: No citation
82-28-0
contaminated clothing.
contaminated skin with
soap and water.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Anmtonium nitrate (solution)
( mmonium Nitrate)
Chemical bstract Service * 6484—52—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONNENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner.. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: ANMONIUM NITRATE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
6484-52-2
UN 1942
RTK Substance number:
Date: 11/3/86
0106
HAZARD ST.D4MARY
* Aininonium Nitrate can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure may irritate the skin, eyes,
nose, throat and lungs.
* Overexposure can cause nausea and vom-
iting, headaches, weakness, faintness
and collapse.
* Severe overexposure may lower the abil-
ity of the blood to carry oxygen. This
can result in a bluish color to skin
and lips, headaches, dizziness, col-
lapse and even death.
Ainmonium Nitrate is a HIGHLY REACTIVE
CHEMICAL and is a DANGEROUS EXPLOSION
HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Ainmoniwn Nitrate is a white crystalline
(sugar or sand-like) material used to make
explosives, matches and fertilizers.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Aminonium Nitrate is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
DOT, NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERNINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Ammonitun Nitrate. This
does not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should al-
ways be followed.
It should be recognized that Ammonium Ni-
trate can be absorbed through your skin,
thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Aminonium Nitrate and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Ammo-
nium Nitrate to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
AMNONflJH NITRATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Ammonium Nitrate:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes.
* Contact can irritate the skin.
* Breathing Ammonium Nitrate can irritate
the nose and throat.
* Overexposure may cause nausea and vom-
iting, flushing of the head and neck,
headaches, weakness, faintness and col-
lapse.
* With severe overexposure a condition
called methemoglobinemia results (low-
ered ability of the blood to carry oxy-
gen). This results in a bluish color
to the skin and lips (cyanosis), head-
aches, dizziness, and with higher ex-
posures, collapse and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Ammonium Nitrate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Ammonium Nitrate has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Ammonium Nitrate has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* No chronic (long-term) health effects
are known at this time.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* A blood test for methemoglobin levels.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically
Ammonium Nitrate from drums
storage containers to process
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Ainmonium Nitrate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
transfer
or other
contain-
-------
AMMONIU}1 NITRATE
page 3 of 5
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Ammonium Nitrate.
* On skin contact with Ammonium Nitrate,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ammo-
nium Nitrate is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Ammonium Ni-
trate. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Arnmonium Ni-
trate does not occur.
* Where the potential for exposures to
Ammonium Nitrate exists, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved full facepiece respira-
tor equipped with particulate (dust!
fume/mist) filters. Particulate filters
must be checked every day before work
for physical damage, such as rips or
tears, and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Amxnonium Ni-
trate, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Asunonium Nitrate
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Ammonium Nitrate must be stored to
avoid contact with OIL, CHARCOAL, OR
OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES, FLAMMABLE
LIQUIDS, ACIDS, CORROSIVE LIQUIDS,
CHLORATES, SULFUR, METALS, COKE, CORK
and SAWDUST since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Wherever Ammonium Nitrate is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
-------
AXMONIUH NITRATE page 4 of 5
* PROTECT CONTAINERS FROM PHYSICAL DAM-
AGE.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well.
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: A ONItJM NITRATE
DOT Number: UN 1942
DOT Emergency Guide code: 43
CAS Number: 6484-52-2
INJ DOH Hazard ratinz
I
IFLAXMABILITY
I
0
I
IREACTIVITY
I
3
I
ISTRONG OXIDIZING AGENT
I
IMAY EXPLODE WHEN HEATED
I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
I
FIRE HAZARDS
* Ammonium Ni.trate is a strong OXIDIZING
AGENT that can cause combustible mater-
ials (such as wood, paper and oil) to
ignite.
* If Ammonium Nitrate becomes contam-
inated with COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS the
possibility of an explosion exists.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of Nitrogen.
* Use flooding amounts of water to fight
a fire involving Anunonium Nitrate.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Ammonium Nitrate is spilled, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers. Flush area with
water.
* Keep Ainmonium Nitrate out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Mnmonitim Nitrate as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Nitric Acid, Amnionium
Salt
Other Names and Formulations: Vario-
form
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Aniline
Chemical Abstract Service * 62—53—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
REASON FOR CITATION
* Aniline is on the Workplace Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH and NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a MUTACEN.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Aniline is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may
have a cancer risk. All contact with
this chemical should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
• The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
EING EXPOSED
.xposure to nazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 1.1
* The odor threshold
warning of exposure.
does not mean you
exposed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Aniline.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Aniline to potentially exposed workers.
COMMON NAME: ILINE
CAS NUMBER: 62-53-3
DOT NUMBER: UN 1547
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Aniline can affect you when breathed in
cause death. Less severe exposures can
and by rapidly passing through your
cause headaches, blue skin, weakness,
skin,
drowsiness, and shortness of breath.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as
* Aniline can irritate the eyes and may
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
cause brownish staining.
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Repeated exposure may cause headaches,
* Aniline Liffects the blood’s ability to
dizziness, poor appetite, and anemia.
carry oxygen and high exposure can
* Contact can cause eye damage.
IDENTIFICATION
Aniline is a colorless to brown oily liq-
id with a weak fishy odor. It is used
n making dyes, herbicides and drugs.
ppm.
only serves as a
Not smelling it
are not being
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INYORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Aniline:
* Aniline affects the blood’s ability to
carry oxygen and high exposure can
cause death. The lips and skin can
turn a blue color (cyanosis). Exposure
also can cause headaches, weakness, ir-
ritability, drowsiness, and shortness
of breath.
* Contact can cause eye irritation and
damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Aniline and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
- * Anifine
changes).
cancer risk.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing
reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is some evidence that women em-
ployed in the Aniline dye industry have
a higher incidence of reproductive
cycle disorders and abortions. The
cause of these problems is unclear at
this time.
Other Long Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may cause anemia.
* Brownish staining of the eyes can
occur.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure has
occurred, the following may be useful:
* Blood methemoglobin.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are not a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Aniline from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
T L: TI1 T1iII -
causes MUTATIONS (genetic
Such chemicals may have a
-------
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Aniline should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Aniline.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for
emergency use.
* On skin contact with Aniline, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ani-
line is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Aniline. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid- 1
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q:. If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and
mechanical processes (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined space” expo-
Page
1 r ::: .11
-------
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already iU, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Do not all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected by
chemicals that cause reproductive sys-
tem damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage snerii and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Aren’t pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
-------
Common Name: ANILINE
DOT Number: UN 1547
NFPA Flammability: 2
NFPA Reactivity: 0
WARNING
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
Health hazards on front page
FIRE HAZARDS
* Aniline is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C02, or alcohol foam
extinguishers and water to keep f ire-
exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
PERMANCANATES, CHLORATES, and NI-
TRATES)-, since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as
open flames are prohibited
line is used, handled, or
manner that could create
fire of explosion hazard.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
FIRST AID
If Aniline is spilled or leaked take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
ntilate the area of spill or leak.
.isorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or similiar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Aniline as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Departm nt of Environ-
mental Protection or your
regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lover lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 158°F
Vater Solubility: Soluble
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Aniline, you
proper handl-
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Benzenamine
Other Names: Aminobenzene;
Phenylamine
smoking and
where Ani-
stored in a
a potential
* Prior to working with
should be trained on its
ing and storage.
iline must be stored to avoid contact
ith STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLO-
RIC, SULFURIC, and NITRIC) and OXIDI-
ZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES,
Not intended to be copied
Aminiphen;
and sold for commercial purposes.
Date prepared: Sept&ber 1985
Revision: O S IS
AUG 54
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Q-Ani sidine
Chemical Abstract Service * 90—04—0
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: o—ANISIDINE
CAS
Number:
90-04-0
RTK
Substance number: 1421
DOT
Number:
UN
2431
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* o-Anisidine can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* o-Anisidine is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen causing a
blue color to the skin, headaches and
dizziness. Higher levels can cause
trouble breathing and even death.
* Repeated exposures can cause a low
blood count.
* o-Anisidine can cause a skin allergy to
develop.
IDENTIFICATION
o-Anisidine is a colorless to pink liquid
with an amine odor. It is used to manu-
facture azo dyes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* o-Anisidine is on the RTK Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OS}iA and cited by ACGIH, NTP, and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibi
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* o-Anisidine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of o-
Ansidine to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
0-ANSIDINE
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential , and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
page 2 of 5
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Repeated exposure can cause a low blood
count.
* o-Anisidine may cause damage to the
nerves.
MEDICAL
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to o-Ansidine:
* o-Anisidine can affect the ability of
the blood to carry oxygen (a condition
called methemoglobineinia). This can
cause a bluish color of the skin,
headaches and dizziness. Higher levels
can cause trouble breathing, and even
death.
* Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash or a burning feeling.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to o-Ansidine and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* o-Anisidine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. A related substance, o-Anis.L-
dine Hydrochloride, has been shown to
cause cancer of the bladder, kidney and
thyroid in animals. In the absence of
human data, NTP regards o-Anisidine as
if it presents a carcinogenic risk to
humans.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, o-Anisidine has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* o-Anisidine may cause a skin allergy.
If allergy develops, very low future
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Blood nethemoglobin.
* Complete blood count and reticulocyte
count.
* Consider nerve conduction studies.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
t ction is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
-ANSIDINE
page 3 of 5
In addition, the following control is rec-
onunended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid o-Anisidine from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by o-Anisidine should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
o-Anisidine.
* On skin contact with o-Anisidine, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted o-Anisidine at the end
of each workday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where o-
Anisidine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with o-Anisidine.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
I14PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous f1n z
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with o-Ansidine you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* o-Anisidine must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
PEROXIDES, PERHANCANATES, CHLORATES,
PERCHLORATES, and NITRATES) since vio-
lent reactions occur.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where o-Anisidine is handled,
used, or stored.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
-------
0-ANSIDINE page 4 of 5
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhvsical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLA]INABILITY
I
1
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
I
I
CARCINOGEN
I
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* o-Apisidine is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of Nitrogen.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If o-Anisidine is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep o-Anisidine out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of o-Ansidine as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion.
Overexposure from Breathing or Skin
Contact
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
I ty
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.1 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 244°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2 -Methoxy- Benzenamine
Other Names and Formulations: o-
Aminoanisole; 2 -Anisidine; 2 -Methoxy- 1-
aminobenzene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
o-ANISIDINE
UN 2431
Guide code: 55
90-04-0
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Anthracene
Chemical Abstract Service It 120—12—7
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: ANTHRACENE
CAS
Number:
120-12-7
RTK Substance number: 0139
DOT
Number:
None
Date:
8/1/87
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Anthracene can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Anthracene may cause mutations. Handle
with extreme caution.
* Skin contact can cause irritation or a
skin allergy which is greatly aggra-
vated by sunlight on contaminated skin.
Repeated contact can cause thickening,
pigment changes and skin growths.
* Breathing irritates the nose, throat
and bronchial tubes.
* Eye contact or “fume” exposure can
cause irritation. This reaction can
also be greatly aggravated by sunlight
during or shortly after exposure.
IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene is a colorless to pale yellow
crystalline (sugar or sand-like) material
with a bluish fluorescence. It is used in
dye stuffs, insecticides and wood pre-
servatives.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Anthracene is on
Substance List because
DEP and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Anthracene. This does not
mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be
followed.
It should be recognized that Anthracene
can be absorbed through your skin, there-
by increasing your exposure.
* Anthracene may cause mutations. All
contact with this chemical should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Anthracene and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Anthracene to potentially exposed
workers.
the Hazardous
it is cited by
-------
ANTHRACENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Anthracene:
* Direct contact or exposure to heated
“fumes” can cause red eyes, irritation
of the bronchial tubes, nose and throat
and skin irritation, redness and pos-
sibly swelling.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Anthracene and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Anthracene may cause mutations (genetic
changes) in living cells. Whether or
not it poses a cancer or reproductive
hazard needs further study and in fact,
there is limited evidence that at high
doses, Anthracene causes cancer in ani-
mals.
Reproductive Iazard_
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Anthracene has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure can cause an allergy of the
eyes or skin which is greatly aggra-
vated by sunlight exposure to contami-
nated skin or sunlight on eyes during
or shortly after exposure.
* Repeated skin exposure can cause patchy
areas of increased yellow-brown pigment
changes, loss of skin pigment, thin-
ning or patchy thickening of skin, skin
warts, skin cancer and pimples.
* Repeated breathing of “fumes”, espe-
cially from heated Anthracene, may
cause a chronic bronchitis with cough
and phlegm.
* Repeated exposure of the male scrotum
can cause skin thinning an4 increased
pigment.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are rec-
ommended:
* Examine your skin periodically for
growths or changes in warts or moles.
Skin cancers are usually easily curable
when removed early.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Anthracene also often contains Acridine
as a contaminant. Acridine also causes
skin and eye allergies, like Anthr-
acene, and irritates the skin, eyes and
air passages.
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema and other respiratory problems, it
may worsen respiratory conditions
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
you have smoked for a long time, stop-
ping now will reduce your risk of deve-
loping health problems.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
* Avoid direct sunlight exposure to con-
taminated skin before careful washing
or to eyes during or shortly after ex-
posure.
-------
NTHRACENE
page 3 of 5
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
oinmended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Anthracene from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Anthracene should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Anthracene.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Anthracene, imme-
• diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Anthracene, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where An-
thracene is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPNENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER Ti-IAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Anthracene.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppi iers/manufac -
turers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Anthracene
does not occur.
* Where the potential for exposures to
Anthracene exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/ NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
ANTHRACENE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evapor4tion from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for colnxnunitjr residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
page 4 of 5
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
‘>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: ANTHRACENE
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
GAS Number: 120-12-7
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLA MMABILITY
I 1 I
IREACTIVITY
INot
Found I
I
ICOMBUSTIBLE SOLID
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MIC ACID and CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Anthracene is used, handled, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
* Anthracene is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foams extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Anthracene is spilled, take the fol-
lowing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Anthracene as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Antidotes and Special Procedures
* Sun screening lotions or creams which
have strong ability to screen ultravio-
let light can help prevent skin aller-
gic reactions. (These may need fre-
quent re-applications if you are sweat-
ing). Ultraviolet-screening sunglasses
can help with eye allergic reactions.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist in
selecting these.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 145°F
Flash Point: 250°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS
Anthracin; Green Oil; Paranaphthalene
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Anthracene you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Anthracene must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE), CHRO-
Not in tended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Antimony
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440—36—0
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Re lease Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, reader’s should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Heaith Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: ANTIMONY
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-36-0
UN 2871
RTK Substance number:
Date: 8/1/87
0141
HAZARD SW MARY
* Antimony can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and skin. Very high levels
could cause Antimony poisoning, with
symptoms of nausea, headaches, abdomi-
nal pain, trouble breathing and death.
* Repeated exposure can cause an abnormal
chest x-ray to develop and can also
damage the heart and liver.
* Prolonged or repeated contact can cause
skin, nose and mouth ulcers or sores.
If used near acid, a deadly gas can be
formed. CONSULT THE NJ DOH FACT SHEET
ON STIBINE.
IDENTIFICATION
Antimony is a silvery or gray, shiny me-
tal or yellow crystal. It is used to make
metal alloys, enamels, rubber compounds
and matches.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Antimony is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH and DEP.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
These exposure limits are recommended for
Antimony and compounds (and measured as
St.Lbine).
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended ai rborne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/rn averaged over
a 10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The reconunended airborne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Antimony and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Antimony to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
ANTIMONY
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Antimony:
* Exposure can cause metallic taste, nau-
sea, sore throat and irritation of the
air passages. Higher levels can cause
congestion of the lungs and may make
the heart beat irregularly or stop.
* Skin contact causes irritation. Re-
peated or prolonged contact causes an
itchy rash.
* Eye contact causes irritation.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Antimony and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Antimony has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in ani-
mals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Antimony
may decrease fertility in females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause headaches,
poor appetite, dry throat and loss of
sleep. Damage to the liver and heart
muscle, with abnormal EKG, may also oc-
cur, especially with higher or frequent
exposures.
* Years after first exposure, changes can
occur on chest x-ray. At this time
these are not thought to be harmful but
more research is needed.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing is recommended:
* Urine test for Antimony (and for Ar-
senic if Arsenic contamination is sus-
pected).
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* EKG.
* Liver function tests.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OS}IA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Commercial Antimony is often contami-
nated with Arsenic, a toxic chemical
and carcinogen. CONSULT THE NJ DOH
FACT SHEET ON ARSENIC.
* Use of Antimony near acid or acid mist
can cause release of a deadly gas, Sti-
bine. CONSULT THE_NJ DOH—FACT SHEET ON
STIBINE.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
-------
ANTINONY
page 3 of 5
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
oinmended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Antimony #78 -216.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Antimony should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Antimony.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Antimony, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Antimony, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Anti-
mony is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Antimony. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia1 exists for expo-
sures over 0.5 mg/m , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a high efficiency particulate filter.
Greater protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Antimony, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 80 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If th
possibility of exposures above 80 mg/rn
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
-------
ANTIMONY
page 4 of 5
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Antimony you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Antimony must be stored to avoid con-
tact with OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLO-
RATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLO-
RATES and NITRATES) HALOGENS (such as
CHLORINE and BROMINE), BROMINE TRIFLUO-
RIDE, CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE, CHLORIC
ACID, CHLORINE MONOXIDE, BROMOAZIDE and
NITRIC ACID since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and ACIDS. Contact with acids will
produce the deadly gas Stib.Lne.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Antimony is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>.- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: ANTIMONY
DOT Number: UN 2871
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 7440-36-0
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLA} 1ABILITY
INot Found I
IREACTIVITY
INot Found I
ICOMBUSTIBLE SOLID
I
IDO NOT USE WATER
I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE
PRODUCED
IN FIRE I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: O minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Antimony is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* Use dry chemicals appropriate for ex-
tinguishing metal fires. DO NOT USE
WATER.
* POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Antimony Oxide and Stibine.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Antimony is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons
equipment from
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Antimony as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Prog-
ram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Promptly remove contaminated clothing.
Wash contaminated skin with water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity. Medical observation for one or two
days is recommended with overexposure,
as lung or heart effects may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COIflIONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Antimony
Other Names and Formulations:
Stibium
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
not wearing protective
area of spill until
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Arsenic
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440—38—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requireS tile Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
suimnaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of suimnary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
ARSENIC
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-38-2
UN 1558
RTK Substance number:
Date: 11/3/86
0152
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Arsenic can affect you when breathed in
and may enter through the skin.
* Arsenic is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* Skin contact can cause burning, itch-
ing, thickening and color changes.
* High or repeated exposure can damage
nerves, with “pins and needles,” numb-
ness, and weakness of arms and legs as
well as poor appetite, nausea, stomach
cramps, nose ulcers, hoarseness, or
damage to the liver, blood vessels, or
red blood cells.
* Arsenic near acid or acid mist can re-
lease a VERY DEADLY gas, Ars.Lne.
IDENTIFICATION
Arsenic is a silver-gray brittle, crys-
talline solid. It also exists in black
and yellow amorphous forms. It is used as
an alloying agent for heavy metals, in
special solders and in medicine.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Arsenic is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, NIOSH, IARC, DOT
and other authorities.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.01
mg/in averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airb rne exposure
limit is 0.002 mg/in , not to be
exceeded during any 15 minute
work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.2 mg/in 3 averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Arsenic is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Arsenic is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Arsenic and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Ar-
senic to potentially exposed workers.
-------
ARSENIC
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Arsenic:
* Skin contact can cause burning, itching
and a rash.
* Breathing Arsenic, such as in liquid
spray or powder form, can cause nose
and throat irritation.
* Eye contact can cause red, watery eyes
and irritation.
* High exposures can cause poor appetite,
nausea, vomiting and muscle cramps.
* Heart effects with an abnormal EKC can
also occur with very high exposures.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Arsenic and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* Arsenic is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. It has been shown to cause
skin and lung cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Arsenic may damage the developing fe-
tus.
* Arsenic should be handled as a poten-
tial teratogenic agent since some Ar-
senic compounds are known teratogens.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Long-term exposure can cause an ulcer
or hole in the “bone” dividing the in-
ner nose. Hoarseness and sore eyes
also occur.
* High or repeated exposure can cause
nerve damage, with “pins and needles,”
burning, numbness, and later weakness
of arms and legs.
* Repeated skin contact can cause thick-
ened skin and/or patchy areas of dark-
ening and loss of pigment. Some per-
sons develop white lines on the nails.
* Repeated exposure can also damage the
liver, cause narrowing of the blood
vessels, or interfere with the bone
marrow’s ability to make red blood
cells.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before first exposure and every 6 to 12
months thereafter, a medical history and
exam is recommended, including:
* Exam of the nose, skin, eyes, nails,
nervous system.
* Test for urine Arsenic (may not be ac-
curate within 2 days of eating shell-
fish or fish; most accurate at the end
of a workday) should not be greater
than 100 micrograms per gram creatinine
in the urine.
After suspected overexposure, repeat these
tests and consider complete blood count
and liver function tests. Also examine
your skin periodically for abnormal
growths. Skin cancer from Arsenic can be
easily cured when detected early.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Arsenic in the presence of acid or acid
mist may release a VERY DEADLY gas
called Arsine. CONSULT THE NJ DOH HAZ-
ARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET ON ARSINE.
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema, and other respiratory problems,
it may worsen respiratory conditions
-------
ARSENIC
page 3 of 5
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
you have smoked for a long time, stop-
ping now will reduce your risk of de-
veloping health problems.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Many scientist believe that skin changes
such as thickening and pigment changes
make those skin areas more likely to de-
velop skin cancer.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Arsenic from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Inorganic Arsenic # 75-149.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Arsenic should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Arsenic.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Arsenic at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ar-
senic is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (1-IEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Arsenic. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
-------
ARSENIC
page 4 of 5
fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* At y exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MS11A/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Arsenic you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Arsenic must be stored to avoid contact
with OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES,
PEROXIDES, PERMANCANATES, CHLORATES and
NITRATES) and STRONG ACIDS (such as H?-
DROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) since
violent reactions occur.
* A regulated area should be established
where Arsenic is handled, used, or
stored.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
FOOD and COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinE opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: ARSENIC
DOT Number: UN 1558
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 7440-38-2
INJ DOH Hazard
ratinE
I
IFLANMABILITY
INot
Found
I
IREACTIVITY
INot
Found
I
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
ICARCINOCEN
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3-serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Arsenic is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Arsenic as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Prog-
ram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A P I 0 N << <<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Antidotes and Special Procedures
* For severe poisoning BAL has been used.
For milder poisoning Penicillamine (not
penicillin) has been used, both with
mixed success. Side effects occur with
such treatment and it is NEVER a sub-
stitute for controlling exposure. It
can only be done under strict medical
care.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 372°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER CO ONLY USED NAMES AND FOR-
MULAT IONS
Arsenicals; Colloidal Arsenic; Metallic
Arsenic
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Asbestos
Chemical Abstract Service * 1332—21—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
ASBESTOS
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
See last page
UN 2212/UN 2590
Substance number:
Date: 2/25/87
0164
Revision:
1-87
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Asbestos can affect you when breathed
in.
* Asbestos is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE WITh
EXTREME CAUTION.
* Repeated exposure can cause a disease
called Asbestos.Ls to develop, usually
20 or more years after exposure begins.
Asbestosis is a scarring of the lungs
that causes changes on chest x-ray, and
shortness of breath with exertion. Pro-
gression of Asbestosis can lead to dis-
ability and death. The earlier exposure
is stopped, the better the chance of
stopping serious disease later.
IDENTIFICATION
Asbestos is the common name for a group of
mineral fibers that range in color from
white, green, brown, or blue. It is used
as a fireproofing and insulating agent and
in brake linings.
: EASoN FOR CITATION
* Asbestos is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by NIOSH, ACGIH, IARC, NTP
and CAG.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
These exposure limits are for fibers
longer than 5 micrometers.
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.2
fibers/cc averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
PEOSH: The NJ PEOSH legal airborne expo-
sure limit is 0.1 fibers/cc aver-
aged over an 8-hour workshift,
and 0.5 fibers/cc, not to be
exceeded during any work period.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 fibers/cc averaged
over an 8-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limits are for:
Amosite 0.5 fibers/cc
Chrysotile 2.0 fibers/cc
Crocidolite 0.2 fibers/cc
Other forms 2.0 fibers/cc
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
CARCINOGEN in humans.
safe level of exposure
so all contact should
the lowest possible
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of Asbestos chemical release. If
local exhaust ventilation or enclosure
is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Asbestos is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Asbes-
tos to potentially exposed workers.
* Asbestos is a
There may be
to a carcinogen,
be reduced to
level
-------
Asbestos
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Asbestos:
* There are no known acute effects.
People who develop serious and fatal
disease later in life may feel fine at
the time of exposure.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Asbestos and can take months or
years to develop:
Cancer Hazard
* Asbestos is a CARCINOGEN in humans. It
has been shown to cause lung cancers
(including Kesothelioma) as well as
stomach, colon, rectal, vocal cord and
kidney cancers.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Asbestos has been tested and
has not been shown to adversely affect
reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure to Asbestos can cause
the disease Asbestosis, a scarring of
the lungs. The higher the exposure,
and the longer the time of exposure,
the more chance there is of serious
illness.
* Asbestosis develops some years (from
seven to thirty) after the period of
exposure. It can progress to disabil-
ity and death.
* Symptoms of Asbestos.Ls include short-
ness of breath on exertion and changes
on the chest x-ray.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests (annually).
* New Jersey Public Employee Occupational
Safety and Health Act requires that
employees with significant historical
direct exposure receive a chest x-ray
every 5 years for the first 15 years,
then every 2 years until 20 years after
first exposure, and yearly thereafter.
Private sector employees have a slight-
ly differant schedule; refer to the new
OSHA Standard 1910.1001.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by Asbestos
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems. The
risk of lung cancer may be as much as
times higher for people with Asbestos
exposure who smoke than for those without
both exposures.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of release. Isolating operations can
also reduce exposure. Using respirators
or protective equipment is less effective
than the controls mentioned above, but is
sometimes necessary.
-------
asbestos
page 3 of 5
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this by OSHA. Refer to the
OSHA Standard for General Industry
1910.1001 and the OSHA Standard for
Construction: 1926.58, which applies to
the Asbestos Abatement Industry (Fed-
eral Register Vol. 51, No. 119 June 20,
1986 Rules and Regulations.) Also refer
to the NIOSH criteria document: Occu-
pational Exposure to Asbestos #77-169.
* New Jersey PEOSHA, NJAC 12:100-12.6
requires the use of an enclosed, two
hand glove system for brake and clutch
repair and substitution with non-
Asbestos brakes.
* Substitute the lass toxic mineral wool
and fiberglass for Asbestos where pos-
sible. There are substitutes for
almost every use of Asbestos.
* There are extensive recommended and re-
quired engineering and procedural regu-
lations for construction and repair
projects involving Asbestos material.
Before disturbing any Asbestos contain-
ing materials . Contact the NJ DOH for
more information. Under OSHA and NJ
PEOSHA all workers must receive special
training by law.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Asbestos must change into
clean clothing.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Asbestos.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where As-
bestos is handled, processed, or
stored, since Asbestos can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Ongoing Asbestos abatement projects in
sealed areas become very hot and humid.
There is a risk of heat stress. You
should be trained by your employer to
recognize the warning signs and the
proper action to take to avoid serious-
ly dangerous working conditions.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency
particulate absolute (HEPA) filtered
vacuum should be used, not a standard
shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPNENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Asbestos. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Protec-
tive gloves and clothing should be im-
penetrable to Asbestos.
* Contaminated, disposable work clothes
should be disposed of with Asbestos
waste.
* Non-disposable clothing should be
placed in plastic bags for laundering
or decontamination by the employer.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
-------
Asbestos
page 4 of 5
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved combination respirator which
includes a Type-C supplied-air respira-
tor with a full facepiece operated in
the pressure-demand mode and with
either emergency HEPA backup filter or
auxiliary self-contained breathing
apparatus operated in the pressure-
demand mode. [ Caution: This type of
respirator is not to be confused with
demand or continuous flow Type-C
supplied air respirators, which are not
recommended.] Alternatively, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained
breathing apparatus with a full face-
piece operated in the pressure-demand
mode.
* However, during asbestos abatement pro-
jects when it is impossible to use sup-
plied air or self-contained breathing
apparatus, use a full facepiece powered
air purifying respirator with high
efficiency particulate filters.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Asbestos you must
be, by law trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be
established where Asbestos is handled,
used, or stored.
* Airborne Asbestos dust is very diff i-
cult to remove. It is therefore essen-
tial that any area where Asbestos is
handled be enclosed and isolated. The
material should be kept wet with spe-
cial surfactants and water.
* Enclose operations and use local ex-
haust ventilation with negative pres-
sure air filtration and high efficiency
particulate filters in areas of Asbes-
tos removal. If enclosure with con-
tainment “glove” bags is not used for
minor repairs, respirators must be worn
and proper procedures must be followed.
* All Asbestos materials must be removed
and disposed of according to regula-
tions. The area must be monitored to
ensure airborne Asbestos levels are be-
low limits prior to reoccupation of the
area where Asbestos was disturbed.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
dons (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: ASBESTOS
DOT Number: UN 2212/UN 2590
DOT Emergency guide code: 31
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard ratinz
I
IFL AMMABILITY
I 0
I
REACTIVITY
I 0
I
ICARCINOGEN
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Asbestos
itself does not burn.
* Care should be taken to contain
Asbestos materials disturbed in a fire.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Asbestos is spilled or damaged take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Proper procedures for repair or removal
of the material must be followed by
trained personnel.
* Spills and damaged Asbestos material
MUST be cleaned using wet methods. DO
NOT DRY SWEEP or SHOVEL.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Asbestos as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Asbestos may be a common name for any
combination of the following:
Asbestos, Amosite
CAS # 12172-73-5
Asbestos, Chrysotile
GAS # 12001-29-5
Asbestos, Tremolite
CAS # 14567-73-8
Asbestos (no specification)
CAS # 1332-21-4
Not intended to be copied
commercial purposes.
and sold for
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Asbestos,
CAS
Asbestos,
CAS
Crocidolite
# 12001-28-4
Anthrophyl ii te
# 77536-67-5
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Barium
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440—39—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
BARIUM
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-39-3
UN 1400 Non-Powder
UN 1854 Powder
RTK Substance number:
Date: 1/31/86
0180
HAZARD SU ARY
* Barium can affect you when breathed in.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* Repeated high exposures can irritate
the lungs, causing cough and phlegm and
may cause an abnormal chest x-ray.
* Very high exposures (such as swallowing
or extremely high dust exposure) can
cause Barium poisoning with symptoms of
vomiting, and diarrhea, irregular heart
beat, paralysis, and death.
.)ENTIFICATION
Barium is a silver white or yellowish
metal powder. It is used in spark plugs,
engine rod bearings and to remove gas from
vacuum tubes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Barium is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/ni averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
OSHA: The legal airborne perrnissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Barium
to potentially exposed workers.
-------
BARIUM
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFOPHATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Barium:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat, and lungs, and may cause cough-
ing.
* Contact may damage the eyes.
* Very high exposures could cause Barium
poisoning with symptoms of vomiting,
diarrhea, irregular heart beat, paral-
ysis, and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Barium and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Barium has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in
animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Barium has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect
reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause an abnormal
chest x-ray. This usually takes years
to develop. An abnormal chest x-ray
from Barium does not mean the lung has
been damaged but very irritating sub-
stances may affect the lungs. It is
not known whether Barium causes lung
damage.
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
‘ ARIUM
page 3 of 5
3ood WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Barium powder should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Barium powder.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Barium at the end of
each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Bar-
ium is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jo s done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothinj —
* Avoid skin contact with Barium. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures to Barium Dust, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator equipped with par-
ticulate (dust/fume/mist) filters.
Particulate filters must be checked ev-
ery day before work for physical dam-
age, such as rips or tears, and re-
placed as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Barium, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 250 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
poss bility of exposures above 250
mg/rn exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
-------
BARIUN
page 4 of 5
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Barium you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Explosion risk various with type of
Barium compound.
* Barium must be stored to avoid contact
with STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLO-
RIC, SULFURIC, and NITRIC) and contain
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS since violent
reactions occur.
* Store Barium powder in sealed contain-
ers under an inert gas or oxygen-free
petroleum liquid away from WATER, OXI-
DIZERS, ACIDS or AMMONIA.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Barium
powder is handled, used, or stored.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Barium powder.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
BARIUM
UN 1400 Non Powder
UN 1854 Powder
Guide code: 40/37
7440-39-3
at room temperature
Water Solubility:
poses)
CHEMICAL NAME
Barium
>. >> ))> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
3
I
REACTIVITY
I
2
I
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
DO NOT USE WATER
POWDER MAY IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY IN AIR
POISONOUS GAS MAY BE PRODUCED IN FIRE
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
I POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
I ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 10 mm Hg at 1922°F
Flash Point: Barium powder may ignite
Insoluble (decom-
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3-serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Barium POWDER is a FLAMMABLE SOLID.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* FIRE MAY RESTART AFIER IT HAS BEEN EX-
TINGUISHED.
* Use dry chemicals appropriate for ex-
tinguishing metal fires.
DO NOT USE WATER.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Barium is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers. DO USE WATER.
* Keep Barium out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Barium as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzal chloride
Chemical Abstract Service t 98—87-3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: BENZAL CHLORIDE
CAS
Number:
98-87-3 RTK Substance number: 0195
DOT
Number:
None Date: 8/1/87
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Benza]. Chloride can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes and skin
and cause excessive tearing.
* Very high levels may cause you to feel
dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Breathing Benzal Chloride can irritate
the nose, throat and lungs. Higher
levels can cause a build-up of fluid in
the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
DENTIFICAT ION
deneal Chloride is a colorless, oily liq-
uid with a faint odor. It is used to make
dyes, Benzaldehyde, and Cinnamic acid.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Benza]. Chloride is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
DEP.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Benza]. Chloride. This
does not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should al-
ways be followed.
It should be recognized that Benzal Chlo-
ride can be absorbed through your skin,
thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Benzal Chloride and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Benzal
Chloride— to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
BENZAL CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Benzal Chloride:
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin
and may cause excessive tearing.
* Breathing Benzal Chloride can irritate
the nose, throat, and lungs causing a
cough, shortness of breath and diff i-
culty in breathing. Higher levels may
cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* Exposure to very high levels can cause
you to feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to
pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Benzal Chloride and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Benzal
Chloride causes cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Benzai. Chloride has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Benzal Chloride causes lung damage.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
-------
ENZAL CHLORIDE
page 3 of 5
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Benza]. Chloride from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Benzal Chloride should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Benzal Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Benzal. Chloride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Benzal Chloride,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ben-
zal. Chloride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Benzal Chlo-
ride. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Benzal Chlo-
ride does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sure to Benzal Chloride, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE_
* Prior to working with Benzal Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
ACIDS and ACID FUMES because of the
danger of releasing toxic Chloride
gases including Phosgene.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Benzal Chloride is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Benzal Chloride should be stabilized
with an additive such as PROPYLENE OX-
IDE to help reduce the possibility of
dangerous reactions.
-------
BENZAL CHLORIDE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: BENZAL CHLORIDE
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 98-87-3
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
IFL MABILITY INot Found I
IREACTIVITY INot Found
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID I
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE I
I I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Benzal Chloride is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , water spray, or
alcohol foam extinguishers.
* Use water spray to keep fire-exposed
containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride and Phos-
gene.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Benzal Chloride is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
*
*
Use water spray to reduce vapors.
Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Benzal Chloride out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Benzal Chloride as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lover lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.975 mm Hg at 94°F
Flash Point: 149°F - —
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzene, Dichloro Methyl
Other Names and Formulations:
Alpha, alpha-Dichlorotoluene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzene
Chemical lthstract Service * 71—43—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops——are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
1DENTI FICATION
Benzene is a colorless liquid with a
pleasant odor. It is used mainly in mak-
other chemicals, as a solvent, and is
ad in gasoline.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Benzene is on the Workplace Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT, a MUTAGEN
and is FLA D(ABLE.
* Definitions are provided on page 5.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 10 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift 25 ppm as a ceiling
limit, and 50 ppm which should
not be exceeded in any 10 minute
period.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne expo-
sure limit is 10 ppm averaged
over an 8-hour workshift 25
ppm, not to be exceeded during
any 10 minute work period.
* Benzene is a CANCER-CAUSING ACENT in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for ‘ai
levels only . Skin contact may also
cause overexposure.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think yo are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 12.0 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warni g of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, inarlêed area should be es-
tablished where Benzene is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immedLate1y after ex-
posure to Benzene and at the end of the
workshjft.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Ben-
zene to potentially exposed workers.
COMMON NAME:
BENZENE
CAS NUMBER:
7 1-43-2 DOT NUMBER:
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
Benzene can affect you when breathed in
*
Exposure can irritate the nose and
*
and by passing through your skin.
Benzene is a CARCINOGEN--HAl lDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION. It also may be a ter-
•
*
throat and may cause an upset stomach
and vomiting.
Benzene can cause an irregular heart
atogen.
beat that can lead to death.
*
Exposure can cause you to become dizzy
and lightheaded. Higher levels - can
cause convulsions and death.
*
*
Prolonged exposure can cause fatal dam-
age to the blood (aplastic anemia).
Benzene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
-------
there is no
to a cancer-
Ir _ i_i
MEDICAL
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Benzene:
* Exposure can cause symptoms rif dizzi-
ness, lightheadedness, headache, and
vomiting. Convulsions and coma, or
sudden death from irregular heart beat,
may follow high exposures.
* Exposure can also irritate the eyes,
nose, and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Benzene and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* Benzene is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. It has been shown to cause
leukemia.
* Many scientists believe
safe level of exposure
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Benzene
is a teratogen in animals. Until fur-
ther testing has been done, it should
be treated as a possible teratogen in
humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the blood-
forming organs (aplastic anemia) enough
to cause death.
* Long-term exposure may cause drying and
scaling of the skin.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Complete blood count
* Urinary phenol (a test to see if Ben-
zone is in the body).
These should be repeated if symptoms de-
velop or overexposure is suspected.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are D.P. a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
VORICPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Benzene from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are
recommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria documents
-------
¶ - ‘ -‘ . ‘ . “ - .r: r’’ L .’ ‘
on Benzene # 74-137 and “Refined
Petroleum Solvents” # 77-192.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Benzene should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Benzene.
* On skin contact with Benzene, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Bensene at the end of
each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ben-
zene is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AR! BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Benzene. Wear
solvent-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers! manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCIH recommends VITON gloves for short
periods of protection.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Benzene you
should be trained on its proper handl-
ing and storage.
* Benzene must be scored to avoid contact
with OXIDIZERS (such as PERMANGANATES,
NITRATES, PEROXIDES. CHLORATES, and
PERCHLORATES), since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT, STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE and BROMINE) and IRON.
*Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Ben-
zene is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Benzene should
be grounded and bonded. Drums must be
equipped with self-closing valves,
pressure vacuum bungs. and flame ar-
resters.
* Wherever Benzene is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion
proof electrical equipment and f it-
tings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
-------
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems. -
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Aren’t pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
17J
10N NAME: BENZENE WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DOT NUMBER: UN 1114 CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Flammability: 3 CANCER CAUSING AGENT
NFPA Reactivity: 0 Health Hazards on front page
FIRE HAZARDS HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3.)
* Benzene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers. Water can be used to keep
fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIR!.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
strict persons not wearing protective
.quipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Benzene out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Benzane as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Department of Environ-
mental Protection or your re-
gional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Not intended to be copied
and
sold for commercial purposes.
New Jersey Department
CN 365 Trenton, NJ 08625
of Health
Date prepared:
RevisIon:
Septa±er
1985
CES 16
AI .4
I
I
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Benzene is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 75 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 12°F
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Benzene
Other Names: Benzol; Coal Naphtha; Phenyl
Hydride
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzidine
Chemical Abstract Service * 92—87—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the pu.blic understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: BENZ IDINE
GAS
Number:
92-87.5
RTK Substance number: 0204
DOT
Number:
UN
1885
Date:
7/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Benzidine can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Benzidine is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION. It causes bladder can-
cer in humans.
* Benzidine may irritate the skin, eyes,
nose, and throat. It may also cause a
skin allergy.
IDENTIFICATION
Benzidine is a white, grayish-yellow, or
-lightly reddish, crystal (sand or sugar
.ike) solid or powder. It is used in mak-
ng dye stuffs.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Benzidine is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and is cited by IARC and NTP.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No exposure limits have been established
for this substance. However, a full OSHA
Standard (1910.1010) has been set for
Benz idine.
* Benzidine is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* It should also be remembered that Ben-
zidine is absorbed through your skin
thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Benzidine and on each exit
from the regulated area.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Benzidine to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
BENZIDINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all potential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure,
concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to
any of the potential. effects described
below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is
recommended:
* Urine cytology (a test for abnormal
cells in the urine).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Benzidine:
* Benzidine can irritate the skin, caus-
ing a rash or burning feeling on con-.
tact.
* Exposure to Benzidine can irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Benzidine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Benzidine is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. It has been shown to cause
bladder cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Benzidine has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Benzidine may cause a skin allergy. If
an allergy develops, very low future
exposure can cause itching _ nd skin
rash.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should inclu 1 .ie a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective than the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the
substance is released into the workplace
and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls
i o Th ei’rr - place for highly toxic
chemicals or when significant skin, eye,
or breathing exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Refer
-------
BENZIDINE
page 3 of 5
to the OSHA standard 1910. 1010, Ben-
zidine.
* Benzidine should be handled in an en-
closed system.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* A regulated area should be established
where Benzidine is manufactured, used,
or stored.
* When vacuuming the solid, a high-effi-
ciency particulate absolute (HEPA) fil-
ter should be used, not a standard shop
vacuum.
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Benzidine should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Benz idine.
* On skin contact with Benzidine, iminedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. Wash any areas of the body
that may have had contact with this
chemical on each exit from the regu-
lated area.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ben-
zidine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every
situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Benzidine.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the posi-
tive pressure mode or with a full face-
piece, hood, or helmet operated in the
continuous-flow mode, or use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece oper-
ated in pressure-demand or other posi-
tive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time and
the amount of material to which
someone is exposed.
-------
BENZIDINE page 4 of 5
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and
mechanical processes (heating,
pouring, spraying, spills and
evaporation from large surface areas
such as open containers), and
“ confined space” exposures (working
inside vats, reactors, boilers, small
rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
ominon Name: BENZ IDINE
JOT Number: UN 1885
DOT Emergency Cuide code: 53
CAS Number: 92-87-5
NJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I NotFound I
REACTIVITY
INotFoundi
CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT
I
POISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED IN FIRE I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; l= ’slight;
2=’moderate; 3 =serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Benzidine
itself does no’-. burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Benzidine if spilled, take the follow-
ing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Benzidine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Prog-
ram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Benzidine you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Benzidine should be handled and stored
only in a regulated area as required by
the OSHA Standard 1910.1010.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1,1’ -Biphenyl-4,4’ -
Diamine
Other Names and Formulations:
4,4’ -Diaminobiphenyl; p-Diaminodiphenyl;
4,4’ -Biphenyldiamine
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzoyl chloride
Chemical Abstract Service * 98-88—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: BENZOYL CHLORIDE
CAS
Number:
98-88-4
RTK
Substance number: 0214
DOT
Number:
UN
1736
Date: 8/1/87
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Benzoyl. Chloride can affect you when
breathed in.
* Benzoyl Chloride is a corrosive chem-
ical. Contact can cause severe irri-
tation and burns of the eyes and skin.
* The vapor irritates the eyes, skin,
nose, throat and bronchial tubes. High
exposures could cause a dangerous fluid
build-up in the lungs. This can cause
death.
* Repeated exposures could cause chronic
rash, warts and reduced sense of smell.
IDENTIFICATION
Benzoyl Chloride is a colorless liquid
vith a strong odor. It is used in making
ither chemicals, dyes and medicines.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Benzoyl Chloride is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
DOT, DEP and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have
established for Benzoyl Chloride.
does not mean that this substance is
harmful. Safe work practices should
ways be followed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Benzoyl Chloride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Benzoyl Chloride to potentially exposed
workers.
be en
This
not
al -
-------
BENZOYL CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Benzoyl Chloride:
* Eye contact could cause severe eye
burns with possible damage to vision.
* Skin contact could cause burns or se-
vere irritation.
* The vapors irritate the eyes, skin,
nose, throat and bronchial tubes.
Heavy exposure could cause a dangerous
build-up of fluid in the lungs (pul-
monary edema). This can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Benzoyl Chloride and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that there is
an increased risk of lung cancer in the
manufacture of Benzoyl Chloride. It is
not known what causes this increased
risk.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Benzoyl Chloride has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures could lead to chron-
ic sore throat, chronic sinus symptoms,
loss or reduced sense of smell (thus
affecting taste of foods) and/or chron-
ic rash.
* Very irritating
the lungs. It
Benzoyl Chloride
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your_
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
substances may affect
is not known whether
causes lung damage.
-------
BENZOYL CHLORIDE
page 3 of 5
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
onunended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Benzoyl Chloride from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Benzoyl Chloride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Benzoyl Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Benzoyl Chloride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ben-
zoyl Chloride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Benzoyl Chlo-
ride. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Benzoy].
Chloride does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures to Benzoyl Chloride, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Benzoyl Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Benzoyl Chloride must be stored to
avoid contact with WATER and STRONG OX-
IDIZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE and
FLUORINE) and ALCOHOLS since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
COMBUSTIBLES.
-------
BENZOYL CHLORIDE page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community,
except possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Conunon Name: BENZOYL CHLORIDE
DOT Number: UN 1736
DOT Emergency Guide code: 39
GAS Number: 98-88-4
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
IFLAM M BILITY I 2
IREACTIVITY I 1 I
IDO NOT USE WATER I
IBENZOYL CHLORIDE RELEASES PHOSGENE GAS I
AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE ON CONTACT WITH I
I WATER I
I I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Benz3y]. Chloride is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* Reacts violently with WATER or STEAM
releasing HEAT, PHOSGENE and CORROSIVE
FUMES.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Benzoy]. Chloride is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Benzoyl Chloride out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Benzoyl Chloride as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORJIATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water. Seek
medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 32°F
Flash Point: 162°F
Water Solubility: Decomposes in water
OTHER NANES AND FORMULATIONS
Benzene-carbonyl Chloride; Benzonic Acid,
Chloride; alpha-Chloro-benzaldehyde
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT S -iEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Benzyl chloride
Chemical Abstract Service * 100—44—7
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOt AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know ACt of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection \gency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the pu.blic understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununarieS of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular hemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance number: 0217
Date: 8/1/87
HAZARD SU ARY
* Benzyl Chloride can affect you when
breached in.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Benzyl Chloride may damage the develop-
ing fetus.
* Benzyl Chloride is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL
and contact can burn the eyes.
* It is extremely irritating to the eyes,
nose and throat. Higher levels may
cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
IDENTIFICATION
Benzyl Chloride is a colorless to light
yellow liquid with a strong odor. It is
used in making plastics, dyes, lubricants,
gasoline and pharmaceuticals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Benzyl Chloride is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by NIOSH, ACGIH, NFPA
and DOT.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
MUTAGEN and CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 0.044 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1. ppm, not to be ex-
ceeded during any 15-minute work
period.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1. ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Benzy]. Chloride is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens
may have a cancer risk. All contact
with this chemical should be reduced to
the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Benzyl Chloride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Benzyl
Chloride to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: BENZYL CHLORIDE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
100-44-7
UN 1738
-------
BENZYL CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Benzyl Chloride:
* The vapor may cause severe irritation
to the eyes, nose and throat. Higher
levels may irritate the lungs. Higher
exposures can cause a build-up of fluid
in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This
can cause death.
* The liquid or vapor may cause severe
eye irritation and possible burns and
permanent dam ge.
* Contact can irritate the skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Benzyl Chloride and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Benzyl Chloride may cause mutations
(genetic changes) in living cells.
Whether or not it poses a cancer or re-
productive hazard needs further study.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Benzyl Chloride may damage the develop-
ing fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Benzyl Chloride may cause a skin al-
lergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and skin rash.
* It may damage the liver.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Benzyl Chloride causes lung damage.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
* Skin testing with dilute Benzyl Chlo-
ride may help diagnose allergy, if done
by a qualified allergist.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
-------
BENZYL CHLORIDE
page 3 of 5
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxid chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Benzyl Chloride from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
omxnended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Benzyl Chloride 78-182.
Good WORK PE.ACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Beuzyl Chloride should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Benzyl Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Benzyl Chloride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ben-
zyl Chloride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Benzyl Chlo-
ride. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-containea breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 10 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 10 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Benzyl Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Benzyl Chloride must be stored to avoid
contact with ACTIVE METALS (such as
COPPER, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, IRON, ZINC
and TIN) and OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, CHLORATES, NI-
TRATES and PERZ4ANGANATES) since violent
reactions occur.
-------
BENZYL CHLORIDE page 4 of 5
* Store in tightly closed containers in a are already ill, community exposures
cool, well-ventilated area away from may cause health problems.
SUNLIGHT, HEAT or MOISTURE since vio-
lent reactions occur%
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Benzyl Chloride is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed. -
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exvo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: BENZYL CHLORIDE
DOT Number: UN 1738
DOT Emergency Guide code: 59
CAS Number: 100-44-7
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFIA BILITY I 2
I
IRKACTIVITY I I
I
I
I
ICOMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Benzy]. Chloride is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, Ca 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND E RGENCIES
If Benzy]. Chloride is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Keep Benzyl Chloride out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Benzyl Chloride as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove
Immediately wash
large amounts of
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity. Observation for 24 to 72 hours is
recommended as pulmonary edema may be
delayed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.9 m is Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 140°F
Water Solubi].ity: Insoluble-reacts
with water
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Benzene, (Chioromethyl)-
Other Names and Formulations: alpha-
Chiorotoluene; omega-Chlorotoluene;
Chiorophenylmethane
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625.0368
contaminated clothing.
contaminated skin with
soap and water.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Beryllium -
Chemi a1 Abstract Service * 7440—41—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular ‘ctiemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
BERYLLIUM
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-41-7
UN 1567
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
0222
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Beryllium can affect you when breathed
in.
* Beryllium is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* Severe bronchitis or pneumonia can oc-
cur in 1-2 days after high exposure,
causing death in severe cases.
* Eye contact can cause irritation.
* High or repeated lower exposures can
cause scars to develop in the lungs and
other body organs. In severe cases
grave disability and heart failure oc-
cur.
* When particles get under cuts in the
skin, ulcers or lumps can develop.
IDENTIFICATION
Beryllium is a hard, brittle, grey-white
metal. It is used extensively in manu-
facturing electrical components, chemi-
cals, ceramics, and x-ray tubes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Beryllium is on the RTI( Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by NIOSH, ACCIH, IARC
and NTP.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.002
mg/a averaged over a 8-hour
workshift and 0.005 mg/in , not to
be exceeded during any (15
minute) work period.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.0005 mg/a 3 , which
should not be exceeded at any
time.
ACGIH: The recommended airbo 9 e exposure
limit is 0.002 mg/rn averaged
over an 8-hour workshift.
* Beryllium is a PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es
tablished where Beryllium is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Beryllium.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef.
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Beryllium to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N.w Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Oflice of Toxic Substances
-------
BERYLLIUM
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Metal, metal compounds and alloys are of-
ten used in “hot” operations in the work-
place. These may include, but are not
limited to, welding, brazing, soldering,
plating, cutting, and metallizing. At the
high temperatures reached in these opera-
tions, metals often form metal fumes which
have different health effects and exposure
standards than the original metal or metal
compound and require specialized controls.
Your workplace can be evaluated for the
presence of particular fumes which may be
generated. These results can be used to
determine the appropriate NJ Hazardous
Substance Fact Sheet that should be avail-
able.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Beryllium:
* Overexposure can severely irritate the
airways and lungs, causing nasal dis-
charge, tightness in the chest, cough,
shortness of breach, and/or fever.
Death can occur in severe cases. Seek
prompt medical attention. Future expo-
sures can cause further attacks. Symp-
toms may be delayed for days after ex-
posure. Some persons later develop
lung scarring after such exposures.
* Eye irritation, itching, and burning
can occur with contact. Sometimes an
allergic eye problem develops, breaking
out again with future exposure.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Beryllium and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Beryllium is a PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There is some evi-
dence that it causes lung and bone can-
cer in humans and it has been shown to
cause lung and bone cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is no evidence that Beryllium ad-
versely affects reproduction. This is
based on test results presently avail-
able to the New Jersey Department of
Health from published studies.
Other Long-Term Effects
* A single high exposure or repeated
lower exposures can cause permanent
scars in the lungs or other body or-
gans. Symptoms may include fatigue,
shortness of breath, weight loss, and
poor appetite. These effects may occur
months or years after exposure. Severe
cases develop disability and even heart
failure.
* If chemical particles get under cuts in
the skin, ulcers or lumps can develop.
These need surgery to remove chemical
particles.
* Allergic skin rashes can also occur,
with itching and redness. These im-
prove away from exposure and can come
back with exposure.
* Kidney stones can occur from high or
repeated exposure.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the fol-
lowing is recommended:
* Chest x-ray.
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
-------
BERYLLIUM
page 3 of 5
MixecX Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Beryllium #72-
10268.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Beryllium should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Beryllium.
* On skin contact with Beryllium, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Beryllium, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Be-
ryllium is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Beryllium.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protecti’ve glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
-------
BERYLLIUM
page 4 of 5
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure includ e dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the conununicy may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Beryllium must be stored to avoid con-
tact with OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLO-
RATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLO-
RATES, and NITRATES), and STRONG ACIDS
(such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC, and
NITRIC) since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Protect storage containers from physi-
cal damage.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Beryllium.
FIRST AID
FIRE HAZARDS
POISON INFORMATION
* Beryllium is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Forms explosive mixtures in air.
* DO NOT USE WATER.
* If employees are
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Beryllium is spilled, take the follow-
ing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Beryllium as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids
to be sure all particles are properly
removed. Seek medical attention imme-
diately.
Skin Contact
* Avoid skin contact in areas with cuts
and scratches. If such contact occurs,
wash with large amounts of water,
scrubbing to remove chemical particles.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility
especially if any lung symptoms occur.
For high exposures, medical observation
of 1-2 days is recommended because of
possible serious delayed effects.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
* Prior to working with Beryllium you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
BERYLLIUM
UN 1567
Guide code: 32
7440-41-7
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFL IMABILITY
I
1.
IREACTIVIT !
I
0
ICOMBUSTIBLE SOLID
FORMS EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES
IN AIR
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I CANCER-CAUSING AGENT
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Bis ( 2-chloroethyl ) ether
Chemical Abstract Service * 111—44—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
BIS (2—CHLORO—
ETHYL) ETHER
111-44-4
UN 1916
RTK Substance number:
Date: 1/19/88
0232
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether can affect
you when breached in and by passing
through your skin.
* It should be handled as a CARCINOGEN--
WITH EXTRENE CAUTION.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat. Higher levels can irritate
the lungs, causing a build-up of fluid
(pulmonary edema).
* Repeated exposure can cause bronchitis,
with coughing, phlegm, and shortness of
breath.
* Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether may damage
the liver and kidneys.
IDENTIFICATION
Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether is a clear col-
orless liquid with a strong odor. It is
used as a solvent and in making textiles
and insecticides.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Ether is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.049 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warnin of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 15 ppm,
not to be exceeded at any time.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 10 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* us (2-Chloroethyl) Ether may be a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Ether and
at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Bis
(2-Chloroethyl) Ether to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
BIS (2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all potential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure,
concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to
any of the potential effects described
below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFOPHATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Bis (2-Chioroethyl)
Ether:
* Breathing Bis (2 -Chloroethyl) Ether may
irritate the lungs, causing coughing
and/or shortness of breath. Higher ex-
posures can cause a build-up of fluid
in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether and
can last for months or years:
Cancer Haz.ard
* It may be a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in hu-
mans since it has been shown to cause
liver cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing re-
productive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether
has not been tested for its ability to
adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* It can irritate the lungs. Repeated ex-
posures may cause bronchitis to develop
with a cough, phlegm, and/or shortness
of breath.
* It may damage the liver and kidneys.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
— If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may also be use-
ful:
* Liver, kidney, and lung function tests.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are not a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemica].
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, sto.pping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective than the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
-------
BIS (2-CHLOEOETHYL) ETHER
page 3 of 5
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Ether from
drums or other storage containers to
process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Bis (2.-Chioroethyl) Ether
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Ether.
* On skin contact with Bis (2-Chloro-
ethyl) Ether, immediately wash or
shover to remove the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Bis (2-Chloroethyl)
Ether at the end of each workday,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Bis
(2-Ch].oroethyl) Ether is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL- PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every
situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Bis (2-Chioro-
ethyl) Ether. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment sup-
pliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your
operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 250 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 250 ppm ex-
ists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Bis (2-Chloro-
ethyl) Ether you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether must be
stored to avoid contact with STRONG OX-
IDIZERS such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and
CHLORINE DIOXIDE since violent
reactions occur.
-------
BIS (2-CHLOR.OETBYL) ETHER
page 4 of 5
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Bis
(2-Chioroethyl) Ether is used, han-
dled,or stored in a manner that could
create a potential fire or explosion
hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time and
the amount of material to which
someone is exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting.
dumping, etc.), other physical and
mechanical orocesses (heating,
potiring, spraying, spills and
evaporation from large surface areas
such as open containers), and
“ confined space” exposures (working
inside vats, reactors, boilers, small
rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone do not cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Coimnon Name: BIS (2-CHLOROETHYL)
ETHER
DOT Number: UN 1.916
DOT Emergency Guide code: 57
CAS Number: 1.11-44-4
NJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLA O (ABILITT
I
2
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
I
POISONOUS GAS
PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE
IN F l
RE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether is a COMBUS-
TIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Bis (2-Chioroethy].) Ether is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Bis (2-Chioroethyl) Ether out of a
confined space, such as a sewer, be-
cause of the possibility of an explo-
sion, unless the sewer is designed to
prevent the build-up of explosive con-
centrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Ether as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironmental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skirt Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 m is Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 131°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethane, 1,l’-Oxybis 2-
Chloro-
Other Names and Formulations:
Dichioroethyl Ether; sym-Dichloroethyl
Ether; BCEE
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Bromoform
Chemical Abstract Service * 75—25—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
BROMOFORM
75-25-2
UN 2515
RTI( Substance number:
Date: 7/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Bromoform can affect you when breathed
in and by pa sing through your skin.
* High exposures can cause you to become
dizzy and lightheaded and to pass out.
* Long-term exposure may damage the li-
ver.
* The liquid can irritate the eyes and
skin on contact. The vapor can irri-
tate the eyes, nose and throat, causing
tears and increased saliva.
IDENTIFICATION
Bromoform is a colorless or yellow sweet-
smelling liquid. It is used to make chem-
icals and drugs, and as an industrial
solvent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Bromoform is on the Hazardous Substance
List because ie is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH and DOT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize
occupational diseases. Take this Fact
Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 1.3 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. ot smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permiss ible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for air
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than tho
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Bromoform.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Bromoform to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
0262
-------
BROXOFOR11
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in.
formation of all otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Bromoform:
* High exposures can cause you to become
dizzy and lightheaded and to pass out.
* The liquid can irritate the skin, caus-
ing a rash or burning feeling on con-
tact. It can also irritate the eyes on
contact.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose and throat, causing tears and
drooling. It can also irritate the air
passages, causing coughing and/or
phlegm.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Bromoform and can last for months
or years: -
Cancer Hazard
* There is no evidence that Bromoforin
causes cancer in animals. This is based
on test results presently available to
the New Jersey Department of Health from
published studies.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Bromoform has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect
reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Bromoform may damage the liver
* Repeated contact can cause skin rash.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Bromoform causes lung damage.
* Liver function tests.
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local- exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
-------
BEOMOFORM
page 3 of S
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Broinoform from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Bromoform should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Bromofornt
* On skin contact with Bromoform, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Bro-
inoform is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipmentmay be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Bromoforin. Wear
solvent-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufac tur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
rMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for exposure
over 0.5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
full facepiece respirator with an or-
ganic vapor cartridge. More protection
is provided by a powered-air purifying
respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Bromoforin, or
in the case of a full facepiece res-
pirator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal is
still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need a
combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
-------
BRONOFOR M page 4 of 5
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount of
exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause hearth problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: BROMOFORM
DOT Number: UN 2515
DOT Emergency Guide code: 58
CAS Number: 75-25-2
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
PLA %ABILITY
INot Foundi
REACTIVITY
INot Found
I
I
I
POISONOUS CASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Bromoform is a non-flammable liquid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Bromoform
itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN A FIRE
including Hydrogen Bromide and Bromine.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Bromoform is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment fronr area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Bromoform as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<(<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Bromoform you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Bromoform must be stored to avoid con-
tact with CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS
(such as SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM,
POWDERED ALUMINUM, ZINC, and MAGNESIUM)
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 5 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Methane, Tribromo-
Other Names and Formulations:
Tribromoethane; Methyl Tribromide
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1, 3-Butadiene
Chemical lthstract Service * 106—99—0
A SSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Re lease Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
1, 3-BUTADIENE
106-99-0
UN 1010
RTK Substance number:
Date: 7/31/86
HAZARD SU ARY
* 1,3-Butadiene can affect you when
breathed in.
* Handle as a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* Ereathing the vapor can cause you to
become lightheaded or pass out. Very
high exposures may cause death.
* Exposure can also irritate the eyes,
nose, mouth and throat.
* Contact with the liquid may irritate
the skin and cause frostbite.
* 1,3-Butadiene is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and
REACTIVE LIQUID/GAS and a DANGEROUS
FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
1,3-Butadiene is a colorless gas with a
mildly aromatic, pleasant odor, or a
colorless liquid below 23°F. It is used
in making rubber products (tires) and
chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,3-Butadiene is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLA0(ABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 1.6 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1.000 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIE: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* 1,3-Butadiene may be a CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,3-Butadiene.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,3-
Butadiene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
0272
-------
1, 3-BUTADIEN!
page 2 of 5 -
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all t,otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1,3-Butadiene:
* The liquid may irritate the skin and
cause frostbite on contact.
* Exposure to the gas can irritate the
eyes, nose and throat.
* Breathing the vapor may cause you to
become sleepy and lightheaded. Very
high exposures may cause you to pass
out or even die.
* Breathing the vapor may also irritate
the lungs, causing coughing and/or
shortness of breath.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 1,3-Butadiene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* ].,3-Butadiene may be a CARCINOGEN in
humans since it has been shown to cause
breast, uterus, lung and skin cancer in
animals.
* Many scienti.sts believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that L,3-Bu-
tadiene is a teratogen in animals. Un-
til further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible terato-
gen in humans.
* There is limited evidence that it may
also damage the testes and ovaries.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Chronic (long-term) health effects are
unknown at this time.
NEDI CAL
Medical Testing
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
1,3-Butadiene from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
-------
1, 3-BUTADIENE
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,3-Butadiene should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated .work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1, 3-Butadiene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for
emergency use where the liquid is used.
* On skin contact with l,3-Butadiene, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 1,3-Butadiene at the end
of each wárkday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,3-
Butadiene is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,3-Butadiene.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* Where exposure to cold equipment, va-
pors, or liquid may occur employees
should be provided with special cloth-
ing designed to prevent the freezing of
body tissues.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn or wear gas-proof
goggles, unless full facepiece respira-
tory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 10 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 20,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 20,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* 1,3-Butadiene must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE), COPPER
and COPPER ALLOYS since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT. High heat can cause a violent
chemical reaction that will rupture the
container.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
L,3-Butadiene is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of 1,3-Butadiene.
work.
-------
1,3 - BUTADIENE
page 4 of 5
* Prior to working with 1,3-Butadiene you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I haye acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you imznedi.ately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust rc].easin opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.).% other physical and me-
chanical oro esses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in
animals at high doses could cause
cancer in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and egis , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
WASTE. Contact your
Common Name: 1,3—BUTADIENE mental Program for
DOT Number: UN 1010 mendations.
DOT Emergency Guide code: 17
GAS Number: 106-99-0
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLA1IMABILIT!
I
4
I
I
I
REACTIVITY
I
2
FLAMMABLE GAS AND LIQUID
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
CORROSIVE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,3-Butadiene is a FLAMMABLE GAS.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Stop the flow of gas to extinguish
f lame.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,3-Butadiene is leaked, take the fol-
lowing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of leaks until
cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair leak or allow cylinder
to empty.
* If a liquid then absorb in vermiculite,
dry sand, earth, or a similar material
and deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep l,3-Butadiene out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,3-Butadiene as a HAZARDOUS
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
state Environ-
specific recom-
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact with Liquid
* Quickly immerse affected part in warm
water. Seek medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical faci].-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure:910 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1,3-Butadiene
Other Names and Formulations: Bie-
thylene; Butadiene; Pyrrolylene
Not intended to be copied
commercial purposes.
and sold for
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Butyl acrylate
Chemical Abstract Service It 141—32—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTM 1 PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order tO help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very.useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Butyl Acrylate is a colorless liquid that
is used in the manufacture of polymers
and resins, and in paint formulations.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Buty]. Acrylate is on the Workplace Haz-
ardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACCIB, DOT, and NFPA.
* This chemicaL is. also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is REACTIVE.
* Definitions are provided at the end of
this Fact Sheet.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSRA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — About 1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Butyl Acrylate and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Butyl
Acrylate to potentially exposed work-
ers.
[ COMMON NAME: BUTYL ACRYLATE
CAS NUMBER: 141-32-2
DOT NUMBER: UN 2348
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Butyl Acrylate can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
* Butyl Acrylate may cause a skin allergy
to develop. Once this happens, even
skin,
very small future exposures may cause a
* Contact can irritate and burn the eyes
rash.
and skin.
* Butyl Acrylate is a REACTIVE CHEMICAL
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
and is a EXPLOSION HAZARD.
throat. Very high exposures may damage
the lungs and liver.
-------
us Fact Sheet is a summary source of
tformation for workers, employers, and
mmunity residents. Health professionals
iy also find it useful. If this sub-
cance is part of a mixture, this Fact
eet should be used along with the
axtufacturer-suppliad Material Safety Data
ueet (MSDS).
EALTU HAZARD INPORN A TION
cute Health Effects
ue following acute (short-term) health
Efects may occur immediately or shortly
Eter exposure to Buty]. Acrylate:
Contact can irritate and burn the eyes
and skin.
Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
bronic Health Effects
he following chronic (long-term) health
ffects can occur at some time after expo-
ure to Buty]. Acrylate and can last for
onths or years:
EDICAL
high exposures may damage the
and lungs.
Acrylate may cause a skin al-
If allergy develops, very low
exposures can cause itching and
rash.
edical Testing
f symptoms develop or overexposure is
uspected, the following may be helpful:
Liver and lung function tests
Skin testing with dilute Butyl. Acrylate
may help diagnose allergy, if done by a
qualified allergist.
fly evaluation should include a careful
istory of past and present symptoms with
n exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
ge already done are not a substitute for
:ontrolling exposure.
equest copies of your medical testing.
‘ou have a legal right to this information
Lnder OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, arid
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Buty]. Acrylate from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Butyl Acrylate should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Butyl Acry].ate.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
Page. •. -
Very
liver
Buty ].
lergy.
future
a skin
gency use.
-------
* On skin contact with Buty]. Acrylate,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Butyl Acrylate,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Butyl
Acrylate is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash bands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Butyl. Acrylate.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufac-
turers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing ma-
terial for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, ‘headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 10 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a cartridge/canister
respirator you can smell, taste, or de-
tect Butyl Acrylate, or in the case of
a full facepiece respirator you experi-
ence eye irritation, leave the area
immediately and replace the cartridge
or canister.
* Be sure to consider all potential ex-
posures in your workplace. You may
need a combination of filters and pre-
filters to protect against different
forms of a chemical (such as vapor and
mist) or against a mixture of chemi-
cals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always.. .Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
c ur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
-------
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community ay be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already LU, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
* Butyl Acrylate is a COMBUSTIBLE and RE-
ACTIVE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, foam, or CO 2 extin-
guishers. Water should be used to keep
fire-exposed containers cooled.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS MID EMERGENCIES
If Butyl Acrylate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
• until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Butyl. Acrylate out of a confined
space, such as a ,sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Butyl Acrylate as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Butyl Acrylate
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in. tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
OXIDIZING MATERIALS.
* Protect against physical damage. Out-
side or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard
storage room for flammable liquids.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 3.2 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 120°F
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic Acid, Butyl Es-
ter
Other Names: Butyl 2-Propenoate; Acrylic
Acid; Butyl Ester; n-Butyl Acrylate
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
CN 368
New Jo
T,enton, NJ 08625
rsey Department of Health
RevisIon: 16
.pr. ed: August 1985
°•
I
I
I
EMERGENCY
Common Name: BUTYL ACRYLATE WARNING
REACTIVE MD COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
DOT Number: UN 2348 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Flammability: 2 CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: 2 Health hazards on front page
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
fl-Butyl alcohol
chemical Abstract Service t 71—36—3
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONNENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
n-Buty]. Alcohol is a colorless liquid
with a strong odor. It is a solvent for
fats, waxes, shellac, resins, gums, and
varnish.
REASON FOR CITATION
* n-Butyl Alcohol is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH.
* This chemical jg also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLAMMABI.E.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 100 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 50 ppm which should not
be exceeded at any time.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Health effects can occur below the OSHA
legal standard.
Dl tributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think ‘you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninR of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed. -
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to n-Butyl Alcohol.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of n-
Butyl Alcohol to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
CAS NUMBER: 71-36-3
DOT NUMBER: UN 1120
HAZARD SUMMARY
.
* n-Butyl Alcohol can affect you when
may cause you to become dizzy and
out.
breathed in and can also rapidly pass
lightheaded and to pass
through your skin.
* Exposure can cause eye irritation and
* Exposure can damage the liver, kidneys,
hearing and the sense of balance.
is
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
headaches. Irritation of the nose and
n-Butyl
a
throat may also occur. Higher levels
and a FIRE HAZARD.
-------
is Fact Sheet is a summary source of
formation for workers, employers, and
nmunity residents. Health professionals
, also find it useful. If this sub-
ance is part of a mixture, this Fact
aet should be used along with the
,ufacturer-SUpplied Material Safety Data
aet (MSDS).
%ILTH HAZARD INFORMATION
ate Health Effects
a following acute (short-term) health
ects may occur immediately or shortly
:er exposure to n-Butyl. Alcohol:
Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash or burning feeling.
Exposure can cause headaches and irri-
tate the eyes. It can also irritate
the nose and throat. Higher levels may
cause you to become dizzy, lightheaded
and to pass out.
ronic Health Effects
a following chronic (long-term) health
Eects can occur at some time after expo-
re to n-Butyl Alcohol and can last for
ths or years:
Repeated contact may cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
n-Butyl Alcohol can 4amage the hearing
and sense of balance.’
Exposure may damage the liver and kid-
neys.
)ICAL
ilcal Testing
r those with frequent or potentially
3 h exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
nificant skin contact) the following
3 recommended before beginning work and
regular times after that:
Liv r and kidney function tests
Hearing test (audiogram) and test for
balance.
, evaluation should include a careful
;tory of past and present symptoms with
exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
a already done are not a substitute for
.itrolling exposure.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, it may in-
crease the liver damage caused by n-Butyl
Alcohol.
VORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid n-Butyl Alcohol from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by n-Butyl Alcohol should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
n-Butyl Alcohol.
* On skin contact with n-Butyl Alcohol,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
-------
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where n-
Butyl Alcohol is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with n-Butyl Alco-
hol. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCIH recommends Neoprene, Nitrile, or
Polyvinyl Ch.?oride as good to excellent
pro tective materials.
Eye Protect ion
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 50 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect n-Butyl Al-
cohol, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or can-
ister. If the seal is no. longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 8,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
p9ssibility of exposures above 8,00C
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approvec
self contained breathing apparatus wit
a full facepiece operated in continuouE
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND sTOR.AGE
* Prior to working with n-Butyl Alcoho:
you should be trained on its propei
handling and storage.
* n-Butyl Alcohol must be stored to avoi
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such a
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) because
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in
cool well-ventilated area away fro!
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking anc
open flames are prohibited where n•
Butyl Alcohol is used, handled, o’
stored in a manner that could create
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers used in the transfe
of 5 gallons or more of n-Butyi. Alcoho
should be grounded and bonded. Drum.
must be equipped with seif-closin,
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, anc
f lame arresters.
-------
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of n-Buryl Alcohol.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasins opera-
tf.on (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohysical. and me-
chanicaj. processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space TM expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boile s, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the coimnunity may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
E
Common Name: N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
DOT Number: UN 1120
NFPA Flammability: 3
NFPA Reactivity: 0
FIRE HAZARDS
WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS PRODUCED IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
* n-Buty]. Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers and water to keep fire-
exposed containers cool
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are . expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If n-Butyl Alcohol is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep n-Butyl. Alcohol out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless
the sewer is designed to prevent the
build-up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessai y to contain and dis-
pose of n-Butyl Alcohol as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the fleoartment of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for, spe-
cific recommendations.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water fpr at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 4.2 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 84°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1-Butanol
Other Names: n-Butanol; Propyl carbinol
Date prepared: October 1985
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Redsion: OES ’ 16
AUG 64
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Oftlce of Toxic Substances
-Butyl alcohol
Chemical Abstract Service IP 78—92—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular ctiemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME: SEC-BUTYL ALCOH
CAS NUMBER: 78-92-2
OL
DOT NUMBER: 1121
HAZARD SUMMARY
* sec-Butyl Alcohol can affect you when
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
breathed in.
throat.
* Exposure can cause you to become dizzy,
* sec-Butyl. Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID
lightheaded, and to pass out,
and a FIRE HAZARD.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
Long-term skin contact can cause drying
and cracking.
IDENTIFICATION
sec-Butyl Alcohol is a colorless liquid
with a strong pleasant odor. It is used
in the manufacture of perfumes, flavors,
dye stuffs and in paint removers and
cleaners.
REASON FOR CITATION
* sec-Butyl Alcohol is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by.OSHA’ and cited by ACGIR.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 150 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over an
8-hour vorkshift 150 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA . 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 2.6 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to sec-Butyl Alcohol.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of eec-
Butyl Alcohol to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
his Fact Sheet is a summary source of
nformation for workers, employers, and
onunity residents. Health professionals
.ay also find it uèeful. If this sub-
tance is part of a mixture, this Fact
heet should be used along with the
iaxtufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
:heet (MSDS).
EALTH HAZARD INFORX&TION
.eute Health Effects
he following acute (short-term) health
ffects may occur immmdiately or shortly
fter exposure to sec-Butyl. Alcohol:
• Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash or burning feeling
• sec-Buty]. Alcohol can irritate the
eyes.
• Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
Breathing high concentrations can cause
you to become dizzy, lightheaded, and
to pass out.
hronic Health Effects
he following chronic (long-term) health
effect can occur at some time after expo-
;ure to sec-Butyl Alcohol and can last for
ionths or years:
• Long-term exposure can cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
ZDICAL
tedical Testing
here is no special test for this chemi-
:al. However, if illness occurs or over-
xposure is suspected, medical attention
•s reco=ended.
ny evaluation should include a careful
.istory of past and present symptoms with
n exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
ge already done are not a substitute for
ontrolling exposure.
equest copies of your medical testing.
ou have a legal right to this information
nder OSHA 1910.20.
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effectiv
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid sec-Butyl Alcohol from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by sec-Butyl Alcohol should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
sec-Butyl Alcohol.
* On skin contact with sec-Bury]. Alcohol
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted sec-Butyl Alcohol,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where sec-
Butyl Alcohol is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
-------
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with sec-Butyl. Alco-
hol. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 100 ppm use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect sec-Butyl
Alcohol, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 10,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 10,000
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with sec-Butyl Alcohol
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* sec-Butyl Alcohol must be stored tc
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUO-
RINE), since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in
cool well-ventilated area away fron
HEAT. -
* Sources of ignition such as smoking anc
open flames are prohibited where sec-
Buty]. Alcohol is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers used in the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of sec-Butyl Alco-
hol should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs.
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of sec-Butyl Alcohol.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
-------
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other tthysical and
mechanical processes (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined soace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common ame: SEC - BUTYL ALCOHOL
DOT Number: UN 1120
NFPA Flammability: 3
NFPA Reactivity: 0
FIRE HAZARDS
WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
* sec.-Butyl Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If sec-Butyl Alcohol is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep sac-Butyl Alcohol out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer, is .designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of sec-Butyl Alcohol as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water.
Breathing
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 13 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 75°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Butanol
Other Names: sec-Butanol; Ethyl Methyl
Carbinol; l-Methylpropyl Alcohol
Date p,epar.d: Septother 1985
CES- IS
AUG 54
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
RevisIon:
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
tert-Butyl alcohol
Chemical Abstract Service * 75—65—0
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Conununity Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
IDENTIFICATION
tert-Butyl Alcohol is a colorless liquid
or solid with a mothball-like odor. It
is used in the manufacture of flavors and
perfumes. It is also used as a solvent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* tert-Butyl Alcohol is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated y OSHA and cited by ACGIH
and NFPA. -
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PET..) is 100 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIR: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 150 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 10 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work.
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of tert-
Butyl Alcohol to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
COMMON NAME: TP.RT-BUTYL ALCOHOL
CAS NUMBER: 75-65-0
DOT NUMBER: UN 1122
HAZARD SUMMARY
cause drying
* tert-Butyl Alcohol can affect you when
breathed in.
* Repeated skin exposure can
and cracking of the skin.
* Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE SOLID
* Exposure can cause headaches, dizzi-
ness, and drowsiness. Irritation of
or LIQUID and a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD.
the eyes, nose, and throat may occur.
-------
is Fact Sheet is a summary source of
formation for workers, employers, and
mmunity residents. Health professionals
y also find it useful. If this sub-
ance is part of a mixture, this Fact
eet should be used along with the
.nufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Leet (MSDS).
ALTH HAZARD tNTORX&TION
:ute Health Effects
ie following acute (short-term) health
:fects may occur immediately or shortly
ter exposure to tert-Butyl Alcohol:
Exposure can cause head ches, dizzi-
ness, and drowsiness.
The liquid may irritate the skin with
contact. The vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
ironic Health E f acts
ie following chronic (long-term) health
ffects can occur at some time after expo-
ire to tert-Buty’l Ai.cohol and can last
r months or years:
Repeated skin exposure to tart .Butyl
Alcohol may cause drying and cracking
of the skin.
EDICAL
edica]. Tasting
here is no special test for this chemi-
al. However, if illness occurs or over-
xposure is suspected, medical attention
s recommended.
.ny evaluation should include a careful
iistory of past and present symptoms with
n exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
ge already done are not a substitute for
ontrolling exposure.
equest copies of your medical testing.
ou have a legal right to this information
inder OSHA 1910.20.
IORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Jnless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
;tituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
* Where possible,
uid tert-Bntyl
other storage
containers.
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
oinmended:
automatically pump liq-
Alcohol from drums or
containers to process
Good VORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose work clothing has been
contaminated by tert-Butyl Alcohol
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
tart -Buty]. Alcohol.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted tert-Buty]. Alcohol at
the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where tart-
Butyl Alcohol is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
-------
while, or Jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with tert-Rutyl Al-
cohol. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/uianufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANCEROUS.
Such equipinerrt should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as des-
cribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 100 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister and
particulate prefilter. Increased pro-
tection is obtained from full facepiece
powered air purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect tert-Butyl
Alcohol, or in the case of a full face.
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, pre-filters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 8,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of expbsures above 8,000
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with tert-Butyl Alco-
hol you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* tert-Butyl. Alcohol. must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG HYDROCHLORIC
ACID since violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where tert-
Buty]. Alcohol . is used, handled, or
stored.
* Metal containers used in the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of tert-Butyl Al-
cohol should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs.
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of tert-Butyl. Alcohol.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
-------
Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Wba are my chances of getting sick
shen I have been exposed to chemicals?
The likelihood of becoming sick from
ch fcals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
im vr d by the length of time someone is
exposed arid the amount of material
they are exposed to.
When are higher exposures more likely?
Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust re1easth opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dt=ping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanica). processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface, areas such as open con-
tainers) and Neonfined space” exno-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
Yes. Exposures in the. coimmmity, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in tite community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name: TERT- BUTYL ALCOHOL
DOT Number: UN 1122
NFPA FlammabilitY: 3
NFPA ReactiVitY 0
WARNING
FLAMMABLE SOLID or LIQUID
FLAMMABLE GAS IS PRODUCED ON
CONTACT WITH ACID
POISONOUS GAS PRODUCED IN FIRE
FIRE HAZARDS
* tart-Buty]. Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE SOLID
or LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Contact with strong mineral acids may
form a FLAMMABLE gas, which may cause a
fire or explosion.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If tert-Butyl Alcohol is spilled
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* RemOve all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered miterial in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* Keep tert-Butyl AlcohoL out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the buildup of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of tert-Butyl Alcohol as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Depar ent.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
or water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 31 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 52°F
Water So].ubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLY USED MANES
Chemical Name: 2-Propanol,
Other Names: t-Butanol;
ethanol; TrimethylcarbinOl.
2-Methyl
1, 1-Dimethyl-
Dats prspored
Rsvlsloit CES -16
AUG 64
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cadmium
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440—43-9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sulTunarieS of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular criemicalS according to potential exposures. However,
we belie 7e these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very usefu1 sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the healt1 effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Cadmium can affect you when breathed
in.
* Cadmium is a CARCINOGEN, a TERATOGEN,
and causes REPRODUCTIVE DAMAGE. HANDLE
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* High exposures can cause severe lung
damage and death. This can be delayed
for several hours.
* Repeated lower exposures can cause per-
manent kidney damage, emphysema, ane-
mia, and/or loss of smell.
* High exposure to Cadmium may cause nau-
sea, salivation, vomiting, cramps, and
diarrhea.
IDENTIFICATION
Cadmium is a bluish metal or grayish pow-
der. It is used in electroplating other
metals, batteries, pigments, stabilizers
for plastics, nuclear reactor rods, and as
a catalyst.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Cadmium is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF .y j ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
RTI( Substance number: 0305
Date: 7/31/86
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.2 ag/rn
averaged ove an 8-hour workshift
4 0.6 mg/rn , not to be exceeded
during any (15 minute) work pe-
riod.
NIOSH: It is recommended that exposure
to Cadmium be at the lowest fees-
Lbie level.
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.05 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* These exposure limits are recommended
for Cadmium Dust.
* Cadmium is a PROBABLE CANCER- CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Cadmium is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Cadmium to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: CADMIUM
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-43 -9
UN 2570
-------
CADMIUX
page 2 of S
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all ,otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Metal, metal compounds and alloys are of-
ten used in “hot” operations in the work-
place. These may include, but are not
limited to, welding, brazing, soldering,
plating, cutting, and metallizing. At the
high temperatures reached in these opera-
tions, metals often form metal fumes which
have different health effects and exposure
standards than the original metal or metal
compound and require specialized controls.
Your workplace can be evaluated for the
presence of particular fumes which may be
generated. These results can be used to
determine the appropriate NJ Hazardous
Substance Fact Sheet that should be avail-
able.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Cadmium:
* During heating or grinding operations,
Cadmium can cause a flu-like illness
with chills, headache, aching and/or
fever. This can go on to more serious
illness.
* High exposures can cause rapid and se-
vere lung damage, with shortness of
breath, chest pain, cough, and even a
buildup of fluid in the lungs. In se-
vere cases death or permanent lung dam-
age occurs. Illness can be delayed for
4 to 8 hours, allowing overexposure
WIThOUT WARNING. If overexposure is
suspected, leave the area; do not wait
for signs of illness. Risk is greatest
during HEATING and GRINDING operations.
* High exposure to Cadmium may cause nau-
sea, salivation, vomiting, cramps, and
diarrhea.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Cadmium and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* Cadmium (especially Cadmium Oxide) is a
PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in hu-
mans. There is some evidence that it
causes prostate and kidney cancer in
humans and it has been shown to cause
lung and testes cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* It is a PROBABLE TERATOGEN in humans.
* Cadmium may damage the testes (male re-
productive glands) and may affect the
female reproductive cycle.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated low exposures can cause perma-
nent kidney damage which can go unno-
ticed without testing until severe.
The kidney damage can lead to kidney
stones and other serious health prob-
lems.
* Emphysema and/or lung scarring can oc-
cur from a single high exposure or re-
peated lower exposures.
* Long term exposure can cause anemia,
loss of sense of smell, fatigue and/or
yellow staining of teeth.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Urine test for Cadmium (levels should
be less than 10 micrograms per liter of
urine).
* Urine test for “low molecular weight
proteins” to detect kidney damage
* Urinalysis (UA).
* Lung function tests.
For persons exposed to levels equal to or
greater than half the TLV, the following
is also recoriunended
* Complete blood count (CBC).
These should be repeated after suspected
overexposure.
-------
CADXIU 14
page 3 of 5
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that Look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Cigarette smoke contains some Cadmium.
Because it is hard for the body to eli-
minate Cadmium, it tends to build up in
the body. Any workplace exposure adds
to these levels.
* Smoking or carrying cigarettes near
Cadmium increases release of toxic
fumes. Also, because both smoking and
Cadmium can cause emphysema, lung ef-
fects may be greater in smokers.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* If Cadmium is used in a Thot” process
such as smelting, steel fabricating, or
melting Cadmium ingots, Cadmium Fume
may be released. This is more acutely
toxic than Cadmium Dust and proper
controls and protective equipment are
necessary.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Cadmium #76-
192.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Cadmium should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have, been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Cadmium.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Cadmium at the end of
each workday, whether or not known sk].n
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cad-
mium is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Cadmium. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
-------
CADNIUX
page 4 of 5
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included with the
recommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirentents for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MS}IA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or.people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are
from chemicals that
ing fetus. However,
fect the ability to
both men and women
age are at high risk.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
risk from re-
at greatest risk
harm the develop-
chemicals may af-
have children, so
of child-bearing
-------
>>>>>>>>>)>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: CADMIUM
DOT Number: UN 2570
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 7440-43-9
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
INot
Found
I
REACTIVITY
INot
Found
I
DO NOT USE WATER
I
FLAMMABLE POWDER
.
I
ITOXIC FUMES PRODUCED
IN
FtRE
I
I
I
hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Cadmium is a FLAMMABLE POWDER.
* Toxic Fumes are produced in a fire.
* Use dry chemicals appropriate for ex-
tinguishing metal fires. DO NOT USE
WATER.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Cadmium is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up i complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Cadmium as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Calcium cyanamide
Chemical Abstract Service t 156—62—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of tJiis Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTI( Substance number: 0316
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SU)IMARY
* Calcium Cyanamide can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through the
skin.
* Exposure can make you feel dizzy,
flushed, and lightheaded. Drinking al-
cobol (beer, wine, liquor, etc.) short-
ly before or after exposure can make
these effects worse, and can cause
nausea, vomiting, shock, and possibly
death.
* Contact can severely irritate the skin
and eyes. Prolonged contact can cause
skin ulcers. Skin allergy can occur.
* Calcium Cyanamide can irritate the nose
and throat.
IDENTIFICATION
Calcium Cyanamide is a gray crystalline
(sugar or sand-like) material or a powder.
It is used to make Calcium Cyanide and
Dicyandiamide and to desulfurize steel.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Calcium Cyanamide is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
ACCIH, DOT and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACCIN: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/ma averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Calcium Cyanamide and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Calcium Cyanamide to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: CALCIUM CYANAMIDE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
156-62-7
UN 1403
-------
CALCIUM CYANAMIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Calcium Cyanamide:
* Calcium Cyanamide can cause nausea,
dizziness, and flushing of the skin.
Drinking alcohol (beer, wine, liquor,
etc.) within 1-2 days after exposure,
or shortly before, increases the risk
of these effects and, if overexposure
has occurred, can cause serious illness
with vomiting, seizures, and sometimes
death.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
* Contact can cause severe skin and eye
irritation.
Other Long—Term Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after ex-
posure to Calcium.Cyanimide and can last
for months or yeats:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Calcium Cyanamide has been
tested and has not been shown to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Calcium Cyanamide has not
been tested for its ability to
adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Calcium Cyanimide may damage the ner-
vous system, causing numbness, “pins
and needles”, and/or weakness in the
hands and feet.
* Calcium Cyanimide may cause a skin al-
lergy. If allergy develops, very low
future exposure’s can cause itching and
a skin rash.
* Prolonged contact can cause skin ul-
cers.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Drinking alcohol (beer, wine, etc.)
shortly before or within 1-2 days after
exposure can cause severe reaction.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
CALCIUN CYANAMIDE
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Calcium Cyanamide.
* On skin contact with Calcium Cyanamide,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cal-
cium Cyanainide is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAl.. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Calcium Cya-
namide. All protective clothing
(suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day,
and put on before work.
* Wear ptotective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufac-
turers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing ma-
terial for your operation.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 0.5 mg/in , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator equipped with par-
ticulate (dust/fume/mist) filters.
Particulate filters must be checked
every day before work for physical dam-
age, such as rips or tears, and re-
placed as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Calcium Cya-
namide, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode o.r with a full facepiece,
hood, or heliitet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
-------
CALCIUM CYANAZ4IDE page 4 of 5
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
ITLA1 (A3ILITY
I
0
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
I
I FIRE HAZARD ON CONTACT WITH
IDO NOT USE FOAM OR WATER
WATER
I
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I.. 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Calcium Cyanamide
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
MOISTURE and CALCIUM CARBIDE.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
FIRE HAZARDS
* Commercial grades of Calcium Cyanamide
contain Calcium Carbide and will de-
compose on contact with water to give
off Ammonia and Acetylene gases. This
creates a FIRE HAZARD.
* DO NOT USE FOAM or WATER. Use dry chem-
ical, soda ash, or lime.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Calcium Cyanamide is spilled, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment froi area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Collect spilled material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers for reclamation or
for disposal in an approved facility.
* Absorb liquid containing Calcium Cyana-
mide in vermiculite, dry sand, earth,
or similar material.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Calcium Cyanamide as a HAZARD-
OUS WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 15 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
If Sy mptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
I ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Cyanamide, Calcium Salt (1:1)
Other Names and Formulations:
Calcium Carbimide; Lime Nitrogen; Alzodex
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
CALCIUM CYANANIDE
UN 1403
Guide code: 40
156-62-7
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Captan
chemical Abstract Service t 133—06—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believethese New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive wanner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAPTAN
RTK Substance number:
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD STJI*!ARY
* Captan can affect you when breathed in
and by passing through your skin.
* Because this is a MUTACEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure may damage the developing fe-
tus. -
* Exposure can cause a skin allergy to
develop. Once this occurs, even very
small future exposures can cause itch-
ing and a skin rash.
IDENTIFICATION
Pure Captan is a white crystalline
odorless solid. However, it is usually
found as a yellow powder. It is used as a
fungicide (kills molds, mildew, etc.) on
food crops and plant seeds.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Captan is on the Hazardous Substance
List because, it is cited by ACGIH, DOT
and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Captan is a MUTAGEN.
present a cancer risk.
with this chemical should
the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Captan and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Captan
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
0339
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
133-06-2
UN 9099
Mutagens may
All contact
be reduced to
-------
CAPTAN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OS}IA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Captan:
* Contact can irritate the skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Captan and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* Captan causes MUTATIONS (genetic
changes). Such chemicals may have a
cancer risk and there is limited evi-
dence that Captan does cause cancer in
animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is evidence that Captan may
damage the developing fetus in animals.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Captan may cause a skin allergy. If
allergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Skin testing with dilute Captan may
help diagnose allergy, if done by a
qualified allergist.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Captan from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure during the
Manufacture and Formulation of
Pesticides #78-174.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Captan should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have
been informed of the hazards of expo-
sure to Captan.
-------
CAPTAN
* On skin ‘contact with Captan, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Captan is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before eat-
ing or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Captan. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protec ive ’clothing (Suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OP RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Exposure to Captan dust should be
reduced to the lowest possible level,
and preferably avoided completely.
* Where the potential exists for exposure
page 3 of 5
to Captan, use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
respirator with a pesticide cartridge.
More protection is provided by a full
facepiece respirator than by a half-
mask respirator, and even greater
protection is provided by a powered-air
purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Captan, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator to face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential xists for
exposures over 5 mg/ma, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air
respirator with a full facepiece
operated in the positive pressure mode
or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode, or
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained br.eathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
-------
CAPTAN
page 4 of S
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsi al and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exvo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple iisually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: But aren’t pregnant women at the
greatest risk from reproductive haz-
ards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child bearing age are at high risk.
-------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAIO(ABILITY
INot Found I
IREACTIVITY
INot Found I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED
IN FIRE I
IAVOID WATER: POISONOUS GASES
WILL RESULT I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Captan is a flammable solid.
* Use , CO 2 or foam extinguishers.
* Water may cause Captan to give off
poisonous gases.
* At high temperatures, Captan may decom-
pose and produce POISONOUS CASES, in-
cluding Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen,
Hydrogen Chloride and Phosgene.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSRA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Captan is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect spilled material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers for reclamation or
for disposal in an approved facility.
* Absorb liquid containing Captan in ver-
miculite, dry sand, earth, or similar
material.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Captan as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<(<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Captan you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from WA-
TER, HEAT, OIL, STRONG ALKALIS, and
HYDROGEN SULFIDE. Water or heat may
cause Captan to give off POISONOUS GAS.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove
Immediately wash
large amounts of
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility; Insoluble
OTHER CO!*IONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
IH-Isoindole-l,3(2H)-Dione, 3A,4,7,7A-
Tetrahydro-2- (Trichloromethyl) - Thio-
Other Names and Formulations:
Americide; Vanguard K; Orthocide
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
CAPTAN
UN 9099
Guide code: 3].
133-06-2
contaminated clothing.
contaminated skin with
soap and water.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbaryl
Chemical Abstract Service t 63—25—2
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
CARBARYL
63-25-2
UN 2757
RTI( Substance number:
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD St3NMARY
* Carbaryl can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Carbaryl may cause mutations and may be
a teratogen. Handle with extreme cau-
tion.
* Exposure can cause carbamate poisoning
with blurred vision, sweating, nausea
and vomiting, abdominal pain, fluid in
the lungs (pulmonary edema), and death.
* Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash.
* Repeated exposures may affect the kid-
neys and nervous system.
IDENTIFICATION
Carbary]. is a white or grayish odorless
crystal (sugar-like) material. It is a
carbamate pesticide used in powder, li-
quid or paste form.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Carbaryl is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXCPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibi
exposure limit (PEt) is 5.0 mg/in
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 5.0 mg/ni averaged over
an 10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5.0 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for ii
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Carbaryl may cause mutations. All con-
tact with this chemical should be re-
duced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemidal release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Carbaryl.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Carbary]. to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Niw Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Oflice of Toxic Substances
0340
-------
CARBARYL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Carbaryl:
* Exposure can cause blurred vision,
sweating, nausea and vomiting, and ab-
dominal pain. Higher exposures can
cause fluid in the lungs (pulmonary
edema) and death.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and the
skin, causing a rash or burning feel-
ing.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Carbary]. and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Carbaryl may cause mutations (genetic
changes) in living cells. Whether or
not it poses a cancer hazard needs fur-
ther study.
Reproductive Hazard
* Carbaryl is a possible teratogen in hu-
mans and has been shown to be a teraco-
gen in animals.
* There is limited evidence that it re-
duces fertility in both males and fe-
males.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Carbaryl may damage the kidneys and
nerveous systems.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure has
occurred, the following may be useful:
* Kidney function tests.
* Exam of the nervous system.
* If done within 2-3 hours after expo-
sure, serum and RBC cholinesterase
levels may be helpful. Levels can
return to normal before the person
feels well.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You-have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Persons exposed to other chemicals which
affect body cholinesterase (or-
ganophosphates, carbamates) may be at
increased risk.
WORI PLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Carbaryl from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOS}I.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document
Occupational Exposure to Carbaryl #77-
107.
-------
CARBARYL
page 3 of 5
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taininated by Carbaryl. should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have
been informed of the hazards of expo-
sure to Carbaryl.
* On skin contact with Carbaryl, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Car-
baryl is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment. may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Carbaryl. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powers or dusts, or wear splash-
proof chemical goggles and face shield
when working with liquid, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 5.0 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 625 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
poss bility of exposures above 625
mg/rn exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Carbaryl you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Carbaryl. must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUORINE) since
violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Car-
baryl is used, handled, or stored in a
manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
-------
CARBARYL
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ica]. at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood .of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mit ed by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: Whe n are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oøera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhvsical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to cqntamiriated water as well
as to chemicars in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and ezzs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
page 4 of 5
fect the abi],it to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
CARBARYL
UN 2757
Guide code: 55
63-25-2
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFLANHABILITY
REACTIVITY
I
I
I
1 I
0 I
IPOISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Carbaryl is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam estinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Nitrogen Oxides
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Carbary]. is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Collect powdered material in the most
safe, convenient manner and deposit in
sealed containers.
If liquid containing Carbary]. is spilled,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Collect for reclamation or absorb in
vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a sim-
ilar material.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Carbaryl as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed. -
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.005 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Flash Point: 397°F (202.7°C)
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1-Naphthalenol, Methylcarbamate
Other Names and Formulations:
Sevin; 1-Napthyl-n-Methylcarbamate; alpha-
Napthyl -n-Methylcarbamate
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbon disulfide
Chemical Abstract Service * 75—15—0
A SSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular c emicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
CARBON DISULFIDE
75-15-0
UN 1131
RTK Substance number:
Date: 8/1/87
0344
HAZARD SUT 4ARY
* Carbon Disulfide can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* It may damage the developing fetus and
cause reproductive damage. HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause headaches, nausea,
dizziness, fainting and death.
* Repeated exposures can damage the nerv-
ous system with pain, tingling and
weakness, nightmares, and severe per-
sonality changes, including insanity.
Hardening of the arteries, high blood
pressure and kidney and heart disease
can also occur.
* Carbon Disulfide is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID
and a FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Carbon Disulfide is a colorless to faint-
ly yellow liquid with a strong, disagree-
able odor. It is used in the manufacture
of viscose rayon,’cellophane, carbon te-
trachloride and flotation agents.
REASON FOR CITATION
4 Carbon Disulfide is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIH, DOT and
NIOSH.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLA}flIABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERXINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated This may in-
chide collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.11 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure (PEL) is 20 ppm averaged
over an 8-hour workshift, 30 ppm
as an acceptable ceiling, and 100
ppm as a maximum peak above the
acceptance ceiling concentration
not to be exceeded during any 30-
minute work period.
NIOSH: The recommended exposure limit is
1 ppm averaged over a 10-hour
workshift, and 10 ppm, not to be
exceeded during any 15-minute
work period.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sute to Carbon Disulfide and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning ].nformation in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Carbon
Disulfide to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
CARBON DISULFIDE
page 2 of 6
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all motential . and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Carbon Disulfide:
* Exposure to Carbon Disulfide can cause
headaches, nausea, lightheadedness,
dizziness, unconsciousness and death.
Mental changes may occur and last for
months or years.
* The vapor may cause severe irritation
to the eyes, skin and nose. Contact
with the liquid may cause blistering
and redness of the skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Carbon Disulfide and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Carbon Disulfide has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* Carbon Disulfide may damage the devel-
oping fetus.
* It may decrease fertility in men and
women, causing sperm abnormalities and
spontaneous abortions.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures can cause severe
changes in the brain and nervous sys-
tem, causing tingling, pain, “pins and
needles” feeling and weakness in the
legs; stomach trouble and very severe
mood, personality and thought changes,
including total insanity. There may be
nightmares, trouble concentrating and
trouble with coordination and balance.
* Carbon Disulfide may cause increased
cholesterol and atherosclerosis (hard-
ening of the arteries), high blood
pressure, heart disease and damage to
the eyes, and other organs from its
effects on arteries.
* Carbon Disulfide may cause a skin al-
lergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash.
) DICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after chat, the following are recom-
mended:
* Exam of the nervous system, including
mental status exam.
* Measurement of nerve conduction veloc-
ity may provide early detection of neu-
rological impairment.
* Exam of the cardiovascular system for
signs of atherosclerosis.
* The intensity of exposure can be mea-
sured by the iodine-azide test, which
detects Carbon Disulfide metabolites in
the urine.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
-------
CARBON DISULFIDE
page 3 of 6
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Carbon Disulfide from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Carbon D.Lsulfide # 77-156.
* Before entering a confined space where
Carbon Disulfide may be present, check
to make sure that an explosive concen-
tration does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Carbon Disulfide should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Carbon Disulfide.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work ar.ea for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Carbon Disu].fide,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Carbon Disulfide,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Car-
bon Disulfide is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some Jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Carbon Disul-
fide. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Polyvinyl Alcohol
(PVA) or VITON as good to excellent
protective materials. The American In-
dustrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
recommends that protective clothing
should be made of Neoprene, Polyvinyl
Chloride, or Nitrile-Butadiene rubber.
According to the AIHA, PVA garments are
protective against Carbon Disu].fide,
but are soluble in water or water-based
solutions.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
E it testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved full facepiece respirator with
-------
CARBON DISULFIDE
page 4 of 6
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered-air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
caste, or otherwise detect Carbon
Disulfide, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilcers,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 500 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life nd health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 500 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breaching apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Carbon Disulfide
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Carbon Disulfide must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE and CHLORINE DIOX-
IDE); CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as
SODIUM, POTASSIUM and ZINC); AZIDES and
ORGANIC AMINES since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and DIRECT SUNLIGHT. Carbon
Disulfide stored in tanks should be
covered with water or an inert gas.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Carbon Disulfide is used, handled, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Carbon Disul-
fide should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-clos-
ing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Carbon Disulfide.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
-------
CARBON DISULFIDE page 5 of 6
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
,>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: CARBON DISULFIDE
DOT Number: UN 1131
DOT Emergency Guide code: 28
GAS Number: 75-15-0
page 6 of 6
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ OCR Hazard rating
I
IFI BILIT’1
I
3 I
REACTIVITY
I
0 I
I
I
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Carbon Disulfide is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OS}IA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Carbon Disuif Ida is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Carbon Disulfide out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Carbon Disulfide as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
I ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure:300.min Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: -22°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Carbon Disulfide
Other Names and Formulations:
Carbon Bisulfide; Carbon Disulphide;
Dithiocarbonic Anhydride
Not intended Co be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Carbon tetrachloride
Chemical Abstract Service $ 56—23—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
suz unaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular cyiemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Carbon Tetrachiorida is a colorless liq-
uid with art ether-like odor. It is used
as a solvent and in making fire extin-
guishers, refrigerants, and aerosols.
REASON FOR CiTATION
* Carbon Tetrachi.oride is on the Work-
place Hazardous Substance List because
it is regi.ilated by OSHA and cited by
NIOSH, ACGIH, DOT and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN and a HUTAGEN.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: See page 3
ACGIH: See page 3
NIOSH: See page 3
* Carbon Tetrachioride is a PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . Skin contact may also
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any vork.related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR ThRESHOLD — 96 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warntnz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Carbon Tetrachioride is
handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Carbon Tetrachioride and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Carbon
Tetrachloride to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CAS NUMBER: 56-23-5 .
DOT NUMBER: UN 1846
HAZARD SUMMARY
Carbon Tetrachioride can affect you
sciousness and death. It can make the
when breathed in and by passing through
heart beat irregularly or stop.
liver and
your skin.
* It can damage
•
Carbon Tetrachioride is a CARCINOGEN- -
enough to cause
Tetrachioride
HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* DO NOT USE Carbon
near
Exposure can cause dizziness and light-
welding arcs, flames, or hot sur-
PHOSGENE and
headedness rapidly leading to uncon-
faces because POISONOUS
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE gases are produced.
cause overexposure.
-------
is Fact Sheet is a summary source of
formation for workers, employers, and
aununity residents. Health professionals
y also find it useful. If this sub-
ance is part of a mixture, this Fact
ee C should be used along with the
nufacturer-SUpPlied Material Safety Data
eeC (MSDS).
:ALTH HAZARD INYOR1 &TION
ute Health Effects
e following acute (short-term) health
fects may occur immediately or shortly
:er exposure to Carbon Tetrachioride:
Exposure can cause dizziness and light-
headedness leading rapidly to uncon-
sciousness and death.
It can make the heart beat irregularly
or stop.
Carbon Tetrachioride can damage the
liver and kidneys enough to cause
death.
It may irritate the eyes on contact.
ironic Health Effects
Le following chronic (long-term) health
fects can occur at some time after expo-
re to Carbon Tetrachloride and can last
ar months or years:
incer Hazard
Carbon Tetrachioride is a PROBABLE CAR-
CINOGEN in humans. There is some evi-
dence that it causes liver cancer in
humans and it has been shown to cause
liver cancer in animals.
Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
eproductive Hazard
There is limited evidence that Carbon
Tetrachloride may damage the developing
fetus.
:her Long-Term Effects
Repeated exposure can cause severe
chronic liver and kidney damage.
Repeated contact can cause thickening
and cracking of the skin.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Liver and kidney function tests
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that Look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, it can in-
crease the liver damage caused by Carbon
Tatrachioride.
WORICPTACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Carbon Tetrach].oride from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
MEDICAL
-------
PRACTICES
exposures.
are recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document on
Carbon Tetrachlor.Lde 76-133.
can help to reduce
The following work
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Carbon Tetrachioride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Carbon Tetrachloride.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure. emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Carbon Tetrachlo-
ride, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Car-
bon Tetrachioride is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROCS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
recommendations are only
may not apply to every sit-
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact
chloride. Wear
gloves and clothing.
suppliers/manufacturers
recommendations on the
glove/clothing material
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits,
footwear, headgear) should be
available each day, and put on
work.
with Carbon Tetra-
solvent- resistant
Safety equipment
can provide
most protective
for your opera-
gloves,
clean,
before
Good WORK
hazardous
practices
The following
guidelines and
uat ion.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OP RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
ADDITIONAL VORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limits (PEL) are 10 ppm
averaged over an B-hour workshif:
and an employee may be exposed to
a concentration of Carbon Tetra-
chloride above 25 ppm (but never
above 200 ppm) only for a maximum
period of 5 minutes in any 6
hours.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm averaged over a
period not to exceed 1 hour.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
-------
What are my chances of getting hick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
1hen are higher exposures more likely?
Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasin o era-
dons (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping. etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined si ace” ex oo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small, rooms, etc.).
Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
Yes. Exposures in the comimmity, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
chose found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, onimunity exposures
may cause health problems.
Don’t all, chemicals cause cancer?
No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be created as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone do not cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ant-
ma].s at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
FIR.E HAZARDS
* Carbon TetrachiOride is a non-combus-
tible liquid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Carbon
Tetrachioride itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Phosgene, and Hydrogen Chlo-
ride.
* If employees are
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND E RGENCIES
If Carbon Tetrachioride is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Carbon TeSrachioride as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS
AND
FIRES
immediately
call
your
local fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Carbon Tetra-
chloride you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Carbon Tetrachl .oride is
handled, used, or stored.
* Carbon Tetrachioride must be stored to
avoid contact with CHEMICALLY ACTIVE
METALS, such as SODIUM, POTASSIUM, and
MAGNE IUM, since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Carbon
Tetrachioride is handled, used, or
stored.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PH’ISICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 91. mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO fONLY USED NAHES
Chemical Name: Methane, Tetrachioro
Other Names: Tetrachlormethafle Perchloro-
methane; Methane tetrachloride
Common Name: CARBON TETPACHLOE.IDE
DOT Number: UN 1846
NFPA Flammability: 0
NFPA Reactivity: 0
WARNING
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
DOES NOT BURN
Health hazards on front page
expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
Not intended to be copied
[ \\ I/ New Jersey Department
CM 368 Trnton, NJ 08625
. .
of Health
Dat pr.pcr.d:
Rsvlslon
April
#1
1986
6
AUG $4
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Oftice of Toxic Substances
Catechol
(1 , 2-Dihydroxybenzene)
Chemical Abstract Service * 120—80—9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1.986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusionS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
1, 2-DIHYDRO-
XYBENZENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
120-80-9
None
RIX Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene can affect you
when breached in. It can also rapidly
enter the body through the skin.
Death can occur from extensive skin
contact.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
h extreme caution.
. ier exposures can cause skin burns,
headaches, nausea, muscle twitching and
convulsions.
* Skin allergy with rash can also occur.
* Eye contact can cause severe burns.
* Exposure lowers the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen, causing a bluish
color of the skin.
IDENTIFICATION
‘ - i vdroxybenzene is a white to brown-
..Js:ailine solid. It is used in mak-
rubber, photdgraphy chemicals, dyes,
..ats, oils, cosmetics and pharmaceuti-
cals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACGIH, DEP and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
Z1UTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ABE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
sample5. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURES
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* l,2-Dthydroxybenzene is a MUTAGEN. Mu-
tagens may have a cancer risk. All con-
tact with this chemical should be re-
duced to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for j 1
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to l,2-Dihydroxybenzene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,2-
Dihydroxybenzene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N.w Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name;
0722
-------
1, 2-DIHYDEOXYBENZENE
page 2 of 5
This FactS Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to l,2-Dihydroxybenzene:
* Death can occur especially from exten-
sive skin exposure.
* Lower exposures can cause skin burns,
nausea, vomiting, headaches, tremors,
muscle twitching and convulsions.
* Eye contact can cause severe burns with
eye damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l,2-Dihydroxybenzene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene causes MUTATIONS
(genetic changes). Such chemicals may
have a cancer or reproductive risk.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing
reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, l,2-Dihydroxybenzena has
been tested and has not been shown to
adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Skin allergy with rash may occur. Once
allergy develops, future exposures even
to vapors may cause rash.
* High or repeated exposure can cause
kidney and liver damage.
* Repeated lower exposures can interfere
with the ability of the blood to carry
oxygen (methemoglobinemLa) causing a
blue color to the skin, dizziness and
rapid breathing.
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Tests for liver and kidney function.
* Blood methemoglobin level.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing. may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
l,2-Dihydroxybenzene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
-------
1, 2-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
page 3 of S
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members c?uld be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1, 2-Dthydroxybenzene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with l,2-Dihydroxyben-
zene, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted l,2-Dihydroxy-
benzene, whether or not known skin con-
tact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-
Dihydroxybenzene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,2-Dihydroxy-
benzene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide reconunenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
D3 NGEROUS. Sqch equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, re-quirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as de-scribed in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a high efficiency particulate filter.
Greater protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect 1,2-Dihy-
droxybenzene, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or
canister. If the seal is no longer
good, you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
l,2-DIHYDftOXYBENZENE page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working’ inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
INJ DON Hazard rating
I
IFLANMA3ILI T”
I
1
I
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
I
I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE
IN
FIRE
I
lCOM&JSTIBI E SOLID
I
I
I
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene is a COMBUSTIBLE
SOLID.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
well ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where 1,2-
Dihydroxybenzene is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
SPILLS AND..EMERGENCIES
If 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene is spilled, take
the following steps:
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2-Dihydroxy-
benzene you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Sublimes readily
Flash Point: 279°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
* Restrict persons
equipment from
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
virorunental Program for specific recom
mendations.
not wearing protective
area of spill until
OTHER CO ONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name: l,2-Benzenediol
Other Names and Formulations:
Pyrocatechin; Catechol; Pyro-catechol.;
Dihydroxybenzene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS
AND
FIRES
immediately
call
your
local fire department.
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
1 ,2—DIHYDROXYBENZENE
None
Guide code: No Citation
120-80-9
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
chioramben
chemical Abstract Service t 133—90—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very -useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
CHLORAXBEN
133- 90-4
UN 2588
RTIC Substance number:
Date: 5/25/88
•HAZARD SU 1ARY
* Chioramben can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Skin or eye contact may cause irrita-
tion.
IDENTIFICATION
Chioramben is a colorless, odorless crys-
talline solid. It is an herbicide.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chioramben is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is cited by DOT
md EPA.
Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERNINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling resu],ts from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor traitied to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPL CE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Chiorainben. This does not
mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be
followed.
It should be recognized that Chloramben
can be absorbed through your skin, thereby
increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediatelv after expo-
sure to Chioramben and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Chlor-
amben to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program . Office of Toxic Substances
0357
-------
CHLORAXBEN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards chat may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Chioramben:
* Skin or eye contact may cause irrita-
tion.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Chioramben and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Chiorain-
ben causes cancer in animals. It may
cause cancer of the liver.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Chioramben has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long—Term Effects
* Repeated skin exposure may cause rash
with itching.
MEDICAL
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure during the Manu-
facture and Formulation of Pesticides
#78-174.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Chioramben should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chioramben.
* On skin contact with Chioramben, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
-------
CHLOR.ANBEN
page 3 of 5
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Chioramben, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Chlo-
ramben is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Cliloramben.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufaccur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protectiveclothing (suits, gloves.
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Chloramben
does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures to Chioramben, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a pesticide cartridge. Increased pro-
tection is obtained from full facepiece
air purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Chloramben,
or in the case of a full facepiece res-
pirator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
-------
CHLORAI4BEN page 4 of 5
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” exDo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
NJ DOM Hazard rating
I
IFLAMMABILITY
I 1
IREACTIVITY
i 0
I
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4.-severe
page 5of S
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Chioramben must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDRO-
CHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) and ACID
FUMES since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
LIGHT. Ch].oramben is rapidly decoin-
posed by light.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE or
on CONTACT WITH ACIDS OR ACID FUMES,
including highly toxic Chloride fumes.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Chioramben is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chloramben as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER CO!*!ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical. Name:
Benzoic Acid, 3-Amino-2,5-Dichloro-
Other Names and Formulations:
Ambiben; Amoben; Amiben; Chiorambed;
Ornamental Weeder; Vegiben
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chioramben you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
CHLORAI4BEN
UN 2588
Guide code: 53
133-90-4
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Envfronmentai Protection Agency
Oftice of Toxic Substances
Chiordane
chemical Abstract Service t 57—74-9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular cflemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number:
Date: 8/1/87
HAZARD SUNHARY
* Chiordane can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Chlordane is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION. It may also damage the
developing fetus and reduce fertility.
* Breathing the vapor or skin contact
with the liquid can cause convulsions,
unconsciousness and death.
* Long-term exposure may dAmAge the liver
and kidneys.
* Lower exposures can cause nausea, head-
aches, abdominal pain and vomiting.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
mouth and throat. Long-term skin expo-
sure may cause an acne-like rash.
IDENTIFICATION
Pure Chlordane is a colorless to amber,
odorless, thick liquid. However, the
commercial product has a chlorine-like
odor. It is used as an insecticide.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chiordane is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETEPZ4INE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can ‘obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to
occupational diseases. Take
Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissib1
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/rn averaged ove
an 8-hour workshift 4 2 mg/rn
as a STEL (short term exposure
limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Chiordane may be a CARCINOGEN in hu-
mans. There may be safe level of ex-
posure to a carcinogen, so all contact
should be reduced to the lowest possi-
ble level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Chiordane and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Chlor-
dane to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jers.y Department of Hsafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
cHLORDANE
57.74..9 0361
UN 2762 -
recognize
this Fact
-------
CHLORDANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all potential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure,
concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to
any of the potential effects described
below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Chiordane:
* Breathing the vapor or skin contact
with the liquid can cause convulsions,
unconsciousness and death.
* Lower exposures can cause nausea, head-
aches, abdominal pain and vomiting.
* The liquid may irritate the skin, caus-
ing a rash or burning feeling on con-
tact and it may irritate the eyes on
contact.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Chiordane and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Chiordane may be a CARCINOGEN in humans
since it has been shown to cause liver
cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* Chlordane may damage the developing fe-
tus.
* Chiordane may decrease fertility in
males and females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Chiordane may damage the liver and kid-
neys.
* It may cause an acne-like rash follow-
ing skin contact.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective than the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the
substance is released into the workplace
and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls
should be in place for highly toxic
chemicals or when significant skin, eye,
or breathing exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Chiordane from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure During the Manu-
facture and Formulation of Pesticides
#78-174.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Chiordane should change into
clean clothing promptly.
-------
CHLORDANE
page 3 of 5
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chiordane.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Chlordane, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Chlordane at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Chiordane is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPL&CE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every
situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chlordane.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 0.5 mg/in , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved s ipplied-air respLrator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 500 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 500
mg/in exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time and
the amount of material to which
someone is exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysical. and
mechanical processes
(heating,
spills and
pouring, spraying,
-------
CHLORDANE page 4 of 5
evaporation from large surface areas
such as open containers), and
“ confined sDace” exposures (working
inside vats, reactors, boilers, small
rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A; Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q; Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A; Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than
people usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in
animals at high doses could cause
cancer in humans exposed to low doses.
Q; Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly
leading to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may
affect the ability to have children,
so both men and women of childbearing
age are at high risk.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
IFL } ABILITY
INot
Foundi
IREACTIVITY
INot
Foundi
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Chlordane is anon-combustible liquid,
but it may be dissolved in flammable or
combustible liquids for commercial use.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Chiordane
itself does not burn. Use an appropri-
ate extinguishing agent if a flammable
or combustible liquid catches fire.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OS1IA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chiordane you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Chiordane must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES,
CHLORATES and NITRATES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORI’IATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
If Chiordane is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chiordane as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.00001 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS:
l,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-Methano-
3a ,4,7, 7a-Tetrahydroindane; Octachior;
Velsicol 1068
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
CHLORDAI4E
UN 2762
Guide code: 28
57-74-9
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorine
- - -chemical Abstract Service * 7782-50—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know ct of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identif led in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with an
irritating odor; it sometimes occurs in
liquid solutions. It is used in making
solvents, many chemicals, disinfectants,
and cleaners.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chlorine is on the Workplace Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSH and cited by ACGIH and NIOSH.
* Definitions are provided -
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) iS 1 ppm,
not to be exceeded at any time.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.5 ppm, which should
not be exceeded during nx 15
minute period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift 3 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
Distributed by the Unfted States
En*onmenta l Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR D1RV R0LD — 0.31 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to liquid Chlorine or Chlorine so-
lutions.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Chlo-
rine to potentially exposed workers.
I
COMMON NAME:
c i.o n
CAS NUMBER:
7782-50-5 DOT NUMBER: UN 1017
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
Chlorine can affect you when breathed
*
Contact can severely burn the eyes and
in.
skin.
*
Exposure can cause irritation of the
*
Repeated exposures or a single high ex-
eyes, nose, and throat. It can in-
posure may permanently damage the
dude: tearing, coughing and chest
lungs. It can also d Rge the teeth
pain. Higher levels burn the lungs and
and cause a skin rash.
can cause a buildup of fluid (pulmonary
edema) and death.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a s” ry source of
information for workers, employers, and
couim mity residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
RALTH RA2A1D IlqFOPXATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term)
effects may occur immediately or
after exposure to Chlorine:
* Exposure causes irritation of the eyes,
nose, and throat. It can include:
tearing, coughing, sputum, bloody nose,
and chest pain. Higher levels cause a
buildup of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema) and death.
* Contact can severely burn the eyes and
skin, causing permanent &s11 ge.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Chlorine and can last for months
or years:
* Chlorine can irritate the lungs. Re-
peated exposure may cause bronchitis to
develop with cough, phlegm, and/or
shortness of breath.
* Long-term exposure
teeth.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Check teeth for signs of erosion
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Lung function tests.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testings
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
I
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
VOREPIACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
JHwwTNG CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Both the gas and liquid should be han-
dled in an enclosed system.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document on
Chlorine #76-176.
Page 2
health
shortly
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
can drn ge the stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
-------
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Chlorine should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Work clothes contaminated with Chlorine
liquid should be laundered by indivi-
duals who have been informed of the
hazards of exposure to Chlorine.
* Eyewash fountains in the immediate work
area should be provided for emergency
use when working with Chlorine liquids.
* If there is th possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Chlo-
rine is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chlorine. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splashproof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with Chlorine
liquid.
* Wear gas-proof goggles and face shield
if there is a possibilty of exposure to
the gas, unless full facepiece respira-
tory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only te used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.5 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator
equipped with a chemical cartridge
specifically approved for CHWRINE or a
gas mask with a CHZOPJNE canister.
More protection is provided by powered
air-purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Chlorine, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure. the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 25 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 25 ppm ex-
ists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
Page3 1
-------
Eli
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chlorine you
should be trained on its proper handl-
ing and storage.
* Chlorine must be stored to avoid con-
tact with GASOLINE and other PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, TURPENTINE, ALCOHOLS, ACETY-
LENE, HYDROGEN, AMMONIA and SULFUR, and
finely divided METALS, since violent
reactions occur.
* Store, in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT. Heat may cause containers to
burst.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other thvsical and
mechanical processes (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined snace” exno-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
I
-------
Common Name: CHLORINE
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
WARNING
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for the type of surrounding fire (Chlo-
rine itself dose not burn) and use wa-
ter to keep fire-exposed containers
cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS NAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must, be trained and
equipped as stated 4.n OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
untill cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* If the gas is leaked, stop the flow of
gas. If the source of the leak is a
cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped
in place, remove the leaking cylinder
to a safe place in the open air, and,
repair the leak or allow the cylinder
to empty. Emergency leak kits are
available. Contact the Chlorine Insti-
tute for information regarding leak
kits. Leaking gas can be passed
through a reducing agent (sodium. bisul-
fite) and sodium bicarbornate solution
with a trap in the line.
* If in liquid form, collect for reclain-
ation. Absorb in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or similar material.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chlorine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Department of Environ-
mental Protection or your re-
gional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (see page 4)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de -
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 4,800 mm Hg at 68°F
Vater Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Chemical Name: Chlorine
Other Names: Dichlorine; Molecular Chlo-
rine
Not intended to be coaLed and sold Fm- g,nmm.ar,,fal
New Jersey Department of Health
CI I 361 Trenton, NJ 08625
Dato pirspars Septeiter 1985
CES- 16
AL .4
DOT Number: UN 1017
NFPA FlAmmAbility: 0
NFPA Reactivity: 0
FIRE HAZARDS
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
,Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorine dioxide
Chemical Abstract Service t 10049—04—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Heafth
Right 10 Know Program
IDENTI FICATION
Chlorine Dioxide is a yellowish gas or a
red liquid with an irritating odor. It
is used for bleaching flour and textiles
and in water treatment.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chlorine Dioxide is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACCIR.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.1 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift 0.3 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20. you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Chlorine Dioxide.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Chlo-
rine Dioxide to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: CHLORINE DIOXIDE
CAS NUMBER: 1004 7 —-DOT NUMBER: None
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Chlorine Dioxide can affect you when * EXPLOSIVE gas at high concentrations or
breathed in. at temperatures above 266°F.
combustible
* Exposure causes irritation of the eyes, * Contact with dust or other
nose, and throat; cough, chest pain, materials such as paper or wood, or Wa-
EXPLOSION.
and tearing. Higher levels cause a ter may cause a FIRE or
buildup of fluid in the lungs * DOT regulations FORBID offering or ac-
(pulmonary edema) and death. cepting undiluted Chlorine Dioxide for
transport.
-------
Chis Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
:ommunity residents. Health professionals
nay also find it useful. If this sub-
;tance is part of a mixture, this Fact
;heet should be used along with the
nanufactUrer supplied Material- Safety Data_
heet (MSDS).
!4EALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur inunediately or shortly
after exposure to Chlorine Dioxide:
* Exposure causes irritation of the nose,
and throat, chest pain, cough, bloody
nose, a’nd sputum. Higher levels cause
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
and death. This can be delayed for 24
hours or more.
* Eye irritation can occur with watery
eyes and seeing halos around lights.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Chlorine Dioxide and can last for
months or years:
* Repeated exposures may cause bronchitis
to develop with cough, phlegm, and/or
shortness of breath. Permanent lung
____ can occur, especially with re-
peated exposure to vapors.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WOR.KPLACE. CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance. ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Chlorine Dioxide from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Chlorine Dioxide should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chlorine Dioxide.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
-------
* On skin contact with Chlorine Dioxide,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where liq-
uid Chlorine Dioxide is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being ins,talled), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chlorine Diox-
ide. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with the liquid.
* Wear gas-proof goggles when there is a
potential for exposure to the gas, un-
less full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OP RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.1 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a cartridge containing non-combustible
sorbents and providing protection
against Chlorine Dioxide. Increased
protection is obtained from full face-
piece powered air-purifying respira-
tors.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Chlorine Di-
oxide, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 1O ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 10 ppm ex-
ists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chlorine Dioxide
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Chlorine Dioxide must be stored to
avoid contact with DUST or OTHER COM-
BUSTIBLE MATERIALS such as ORGANIC
MATTER and SULFUR, since violent
reactions occur. -
* Transportation of pure Chlorine Dioxide
is FORZIDDEN by DOT.
* Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide is explosive
at concentrations over 10%.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area at temper-
atures below 266°F. Gas explosions may
occur above 266°F.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Chlo-
Page3
-------
I—
rifle Dioxide is handled, used, or are already ill, community exposures
stored. may cause health problems.
Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Chlorine Dioxide.
Wherever Chlorine Dioxide is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
JESTIONS AND ANSWERS
If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
When are higher exposures more likely?
Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
* Chlorine Dioxide is a FLANMABLE GAS.
T1i1gas is explosive at concentrations
over 10% and can be ignited by almost
any form of energy, including SUNLIGHT,
HEAT or SPARKS.
* Use water only toextinguish fire. Do
not use chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE (in-
cluding Chlorine gas).
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Chlorine Dioxide is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* If in the gaseous form, stop the flow
of gas. If the source of the leak is a
cylinder, and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair the leak to allow the
cy.inder to empty. Pass the gas through
a solution made up of a reducing agent
(sodium bisulfite) and sodium bicarbon-
ate, with a trap in the line.
* If in liquid form, allow Chlorine Diox-
ide to evaporate while providing all
available ventilation.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chlorine Dioxide as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediate ].y.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
1. ty.
* Medical observation for up to 72 hours
is recommended with higher exposures,
since fluid in the lungs may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Greater than 760 mm Hg
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COIfl1ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Chlorine Oxide (CLO 2 )
Other Names: Chlorine Peroxide; Chloro-
peroxyl; Doxcide 50
Not intended to be copied and sold for coniznercial purposes
New Jersey Department of Health
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
Date prepared: October 1985
Revision:
CES- 16
AUG 04
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Common Name: CHLORINE DIOXIDE WARNING
EXPLOSIVE GAS
DOT Number: None POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Fl mm*bility: No Citation CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: No Citation TRANSPORT FORBIDDEN BY DOT
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chlorobenzene
Chemical Abstract Service * 108—90—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. CPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Chlorobenzene is a colorless liquid
an aromatic almond-lilce odor. It is
in making ocher chemicals, rubber,
and grease solvents.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chiorobensene is on the Workplace Haz-
ardous Subs cance List
regulated by OSHA and
and NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLA) fA3LE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 75 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 75 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for gj
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
because it is
cited by ACGIH
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
youremployer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.68 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Chlorobenzene and at the end of
the vorkshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Chlorobsnz ens to potentially exposed
- COMMON NAME: CHLOROBENZENE
CAS NUMBER: 108-90-7
DOT NUMBER:
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Chlorobenzene can affect you when
* The liquid can
irritate and burn the
breathed in and by passing through your
skin. The vapor
can irritate the eyes,
skin,
nose and throat.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
* Chlorobenzene is
a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and
cause you to become dizzy, lightheaded,
a FIRE HAZARD.
and to pass out.
* Long-term exposure may damage the
lungs, liver, and kidneys.
with
used
dyes
workers.
-------
s Fact Sheet is a s i ry source of
orma: on for workers, employers, and
muniry residents. Health professionals
also find it useful. If this sub-
.nce is part of a mixture, this Face
ec should be used along with the
ti.ifac .irer-supplied Material Safety Data
ec ( !SDS).
LTH HAZARD INTORXATION
iCe Health Effects
following acute (short-tar ) health
ects may occur immediately or shortly
:er exposure to Chlorobenzena:
Contact with the liquid may irritate
the skin, causing a rash or burning
feeling.
The liquid can cause severe skin burns
if held in place by clothing or shoes.
Exposure Co the vapor can ititate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
Exposure to high concer.:ta:ions can
cause you to become dL:zy, :iptheadad,
and to pass out. It may cause liver
damage.
onic HeaLth Effects
following chronic (.ong-tet ) health
ects can occur at some time af;er expo-
e to chlorobenzena and can last for
iths or years:
Chlorobenzene may d m ge the liver.
Repeated exposure to the liquid may
cause skin burns.
Repeated exposure may cause lung and
kidney damage.
)ICAL
lica]. Testing
those with frequent or potentially
;h exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
nificanc skin contact) the following
recommended before beginning work and
regular times after that:
Liver function tests.
symptoms develop or overexposure has
:urred, the following may be useful:
______________________________________J
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditious caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver d mage, drinking al-
cohol. may increase the liver damage caused
by Ch].orobenzene.
WOREPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tec ton is enclosing operations and/or
provtding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
atior_s can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Chiorobensene from drums or other
storage containers to• process con-
tainers.
PageZ :: .
Lung and kidney function tests.
-------
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
prac:ices are recommended:
* orkers ‘(nose clothing has been con-
:aminated by Chlorobenzene should
change into clean clothing immediately.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chiorobeazene.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facili: es
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Chlorobenzene,
immediately wash or shover to remove
the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Chlorobenzene at the end
of each work day, whechet or not town
skin contact has occurred.
Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Chlo-
robenzene is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
ORXPI.€ CE CONTROLS ARE 3ZTER ThA PER-
SONAl. PROTECTIVE EQT. IPMENT. Hove’.”er, for
some jobs (such as outside wotk, confined
space entry, jobs done only once .n a
wnile, or jobs done while workplace con-
t ols are being installed), personal pro-
:ac:ive equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chlorobenzene.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHt 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 75 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOS}1
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Chioroben-
sene, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or
canister. If the seal is no longer
good, you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiace operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 2,400 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 2,400
ppm exists, use an MSMA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
-------
% .NDLING AND STORAGE
Prior to voricing with Chiorobensene you
should be trained on its proper hand].-
ing and storage.
Chlorobenzene must be scored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FWORINE) , since
violent reactions occur.
Score in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT, SPARKS or FLAMES.
Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Chlo
robenzene is used, handled, or scored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or expLosion hazard.
Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Chlorobenzene
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Chiorobeuzene.
UESTICNS AND ANSWERS
If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures Co a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
-------
EMERGENCY IN FORMATION
I
‘
Common Name: CHLOROBENZENE
WARNING
i)OT Number: UN 1134
NFPA Flammability: 3
NFPA Reactivity: 0
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
FIRE HAZARDS
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
* Chlorobenzene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers and water to keep
fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated ir OSHA 1910.136.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Chlorobenzene is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spiii or Leak
until cleanup is complete.
Remove all ignition sources.
Ventilate area of spill or Leak.
• Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Chlorobenzene out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the..
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chl.orobenzene as a }L. tZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for
specific recommendations.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and Lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion.
Breathing
* Remove the person f om exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Pressure: 8.8 mm Hg at 680
Point: 84°F
Solubility: Very slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Benzene, Chioro-
Honochlorobenzene; Phertyl
Vapor
Flash
Water
Chemical Name:
Other Names:
Chloride; MCB
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Not .Lncended to be cop.Led and sold for commercial purposes.
New Jersey Department of Health
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
Dat.pr.parsd October 1985
Rev sien 0C8 ! S
AUG Sd
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloroform
Chemical Abstract Service t 67—66—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Depaitment of Heafth
Right to (now Program
IDENTIFICATION
Chloroform is a clear colorless liquid
with a pleasant, sweet odor. It is used
as a solvent and in making dyes, drugs,
and pesticides.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chloroform is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it
is regulated by OSHA and cited by
ACGIH, IARC and other authorities.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 50 ppm,
not to be exceeded at any time.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm, which should not
be exceeded for any 1 hour
period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Chloroform is a PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for gj
levels only . Skin Contact may also
cause overexposure.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may
include collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR ThRESHOLD — 85 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Chloroform and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Chloroform to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: CHLOROFORM
CAS NUMBER: 67-66-3
DOT NUMBER: UN 1888
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Chloroform can affect you when breathed
* Higher levels, can cause coma and death.
in and by passing through your skin.
* Repeated exposure can damage the liver,
* Chloroform is a CARCINOGEN and may be a
kidneys and nervous system.
teratogen- -HANDLE WITh EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can irritate and contact can
* Exposure can caue you to become dizzy,
tbimage the eyes.
lightheaded, nauseated, confused, and
to have a headache. It can cause the
heart to beat irregularly or stop.
-------
is Fact Sheet is a sUmmary source of
nformation for workers, employers, and
omuiunity residents. Health professionals
ay also find it useful. If this sub-
ance is part of a mixture, this Fact
heet should be used along with the
anufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
heet (MSDS).
EALTU HAZARD INFORMATION
cute Health Effects
he following acute (short-term) health
ffeccs may occur immediately or shortly
fter exposure to Chloroform:
Exposure can cause •the heart to beat
irregularly or stop. This can cause
death.
Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash or burning feeling on contact.
The liquid can cause severe eye burns.
Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
nose and throat.
Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded, nauseated, confused, and
to have a headache.
hronic Health Effects
he following chronic (long-term) health
ffects can occur at some time after expo-
ure and can last for months or years:
ancer Hazard
Chloroform is a PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. It has been shown to
cause liver, kidney, and thyroid cancer
in animals.
Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing
reproductive tE mAge in humans.
eproductive Hazard
There is limited evidence that Chloro-
form is a teratogen in animals. Until
further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible tera-
togen in humans.
ther Long-Term Effects
Chloroform can “ ge the liver.
Repeated skin contact with the liquid
may produce skin drying and cracking.
Repeated exposure may affect the
kidneys and nervous system.
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Special 24 hour EKG (holster monitor)
to look for irregular heart beat.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
drnn*ge already done are np. a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consunip-
tion can cause liver drnnRge, it can in-
crease the liver d m ge caused by Chlo-
roform.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-.
tions cart also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
Page2
MEDICAL
1
-------
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Chloroform from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
mmended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document
Occupational Exposure to Chloroform
# 78-127.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Chloroform should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chloroform.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for
emergency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Chloroform, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Chloroform at the end of
each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPNENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BEflER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chloroform.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Polyvinyl Alcohol and
VITON as good to excellent protective
materials. NIOSH recommends Neoprene
or Polyvinyl Chloride as protective
materials.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At exposure level, use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive-pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet operated in
the continuous-flow mode. An MSHA/
NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece oper-
ated in pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode is recommended.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a che-
mical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Page 3
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
-------
Page4
: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohvsical and
mechanical processes (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined svace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in al3imals?
: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than
people usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in
animals at high doses could cause
cancer in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Aren’ t pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant wowen are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, dal.Rge to animals sug-
gests that similar d*nlAge can occur in
humans.
-------
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Common Name: CHLOROFORM
DOT Number: UN 1888
NFPA Flammability: 0
NFPA Reactivity: 0
FIRE HAZARDS
* Chloroform is a non-flammable liquid.
Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire
(Chloroform itself does not burn).
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN A FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND KNRRGENC IRS
If Chloroform is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Collect for reclamation or absorb in
vermiculite, dry sand, or earth, or a
similar material.
* Chloroform can also be absorbed on pa-
per and evaporated in a fume hood. The
paper should then be burned away from
combustible materials.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chloroform as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection ‘ or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
also request emergency inform
WARNING
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
DOES NOT BURN
Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chloroform you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be
established where Chloroform is
handled, used, or stored.
* Chloroform must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG CAUSTICS and CHEM-
ICALLY ACTIVE METALS such as ALUMINUM,
MAGNESIUM POWDER, SODIUM, or POTASSIUM,
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek
medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical
facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 160 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Methane, Trichloro-
Other Names: Trichloromethane
Not intended to be cooLed and sold for conmarcLal purposes.
DOSS P(SpW1d Septether 1985
Revision: II
AL 64
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cliloromethane
(Methyl Chloride)
Chemical Abstract Service * 74—87—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
METHYL CHLORIDE
74-87-3
UN 1063
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Methyl Chloride can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Long-term exposure to Methyl. Chloride
may drnn ge the testes.
* Higher levels can cause dizziness,
drowsiness, unconsciousness, convul-
sions, and death.
* Exposure can cause blurred or double
vision, and a “drunken” behavior.
* Methyl. Chloride is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE
GAS and a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl Chloride is a colorless gas with a
faint sweet odor. It is stored as a liq-
uid in compressed gas cylinders. It is
used as a refrigerant and in making other
chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl Chloride is on the RTIC Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLAIOABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 10 ppm.
* If you thizik you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal permissible exposure
limit (PEL) is 100 ppm averaged
over an 8-hour workshift, with a
ceiling level of 200 ppm and a
maximum acceptable peak of 300
ppm for 5 minutes in any 3-hour
period.
ACCIH: The recommended exposure limit is
50 ppm averaged over an 8-hour
workshift and 100 ppm as a STEL
(short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methyl
Chloride to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Content, prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N•w Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1235
-------
METHYL CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORI4ATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl Chloride:
* Contact with the liquified gas can
cause frostbite and severe eye burns,
leading to permanent damage.
* Exposure can cause blurred or double
vision, and “drunken” behavior.
* Higher levels can cause dizziness,
drowsiness, unconsciousness, convul-
sions, and death. These effects may
not appear until several hours later.
* Methyl Chloride can cause nausea, vo-
miting, and diarrhea.
* It may damage the liver and kidneys.
* Very high levels may cause a build-up
of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary
edema). This can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Methyl Chloride and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Methyl
Chloride causes cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* Long-term exposure to Methyl Chloride
may affect the testes (male reproduc-
tive glands), causing decreased produc-
tion of male hormones and sperm.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Methyl Chloride may damage the liver,
kidneys, and blood-forming organs.
* Long-term exposure can interfere with
brain function, causing clumsiness,
headache, dizziness, poor judgment and
memory, slurred speech, sleep distur-
bances and personality changes (depres-
sion, irritability).
* Exposure can cause blurred or double
vision.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Methyl Chloride causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Lung function tests.
* Exam of the nervous system.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system.
* Kidney function tests.
* Liver function tests.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Complete blood count.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub -
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
-------
METHYL CHLORIDE
page 3 of 5
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Methyl Chloride from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Before entering a confined space where
Methyl Chloride may be present, check
to make sure that an explosive concen-
tration does not exist.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by liquid Methyl Chloride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* On skin contact with liquid Methyl
Chloride, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use when working with liquified
gas.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Meth-
yl Chloride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPlACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Chlo-
ride. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Neoprene as fair to
good protective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear gas-proof goggles, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 50 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 10,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 10,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methyl Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Methyl Chloride must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, CHLORATES, NI-
TRATES, and PERMANCANATES) or CHEMI-
CALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as SODIUM,
POTASSIUM, POWDERED ALUMINUM, ZINC, and
MAGNESIUM) since violent reactions
occur.
-------
METHYL CHLORIDE
page 4 of 5
- * . Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well -ventilated area away from
HEAT and DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Methyl
Chloride is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Wherever Methyl Chloride is used, han-
dled, manufactured,. or stored, use
explosion- proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. t ost chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other vhysica], and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage s erm and ezzs , possibly
leading to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are
from chemicals which
ing fetus. However,
fect the ability to
both men and women
age are at high risk.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
at greatest risk
harm the develop-
chemicals may af-
have children, so
of child-bearing
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C Y
Common Name: METHYL CHLORIDE
DOT Number: UN 1063
DOT Emergency Guide code: 18
CAS Number: 74-87-3
INJ DOH Hazard ratina
I
IFLAMMABILITY
I
4
I
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
FLAMMABLE GAS
- 1POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Methyl Chloride is a FLAMMABLE GAS. To
extinguish fire, stop the flow of gas;
use water to keep fire-exposed cylin-
ders cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Methyl Chloride is leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of teak until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair leak or allow cylinder
to empty.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Chloride as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A I I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* If liquified Methyl Chloride gets into
the eyes, immediately flush with large
amounts of water for at least 15 mm-
utes, occasionally lifting the upper
and lower lids. Seek medical atten-
tion.
Skin Contact
* If liquified Methyl Chloride gets onto
the skin, quickly remove contaminated
clothing. Immediately wash area with
large amounts of soap and warm water.
If frostbite is suspected, immerse af-
fected parts in warm water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 3,648 mm Hg at 68°F
Water So] .ubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Chioromethane
Other Names and Formulations:
Monochloromethane; Artic;
R 40
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
I
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chemical Abstract Service * 107—30—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the .health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether is a colorless
corrosive liquid with an ether odor. It
is used to make other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chloromethyl Methyl Ether is on the
Workplace Hazardous Substance List
because it is regulated by OSHA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No exposure limits have been established.
A full OSHA standard (1910.1006) has been
adopted for this substance.
* Chioromethyl Methyl Ether is a PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
Distributed by the United States
En*onmenta l Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be
established where Chloromethyl Methyl
Ether is handled, used, or stored as
required in OSHA Standard 1910.1006.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Chloromethyl Methyl Ether.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as pert of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Ch].oromethyl Methyl Ether to poten-
tially exposed workers.
COMMON NAME: CHLOROMZTHYL METHYL
CAS NUMBER: 107-30-2
ETHR
DOT NUMBER: UN 1239
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
Chloroniethyl Methyl Ether (CMME) can
This can cause death. Chronic bronchi-
affect you when breathed in and by
tis may develop.
*
passing through your skin.
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether is a CAR-
* The liquid is corrosive and contact can
cause severe eye and skin burns. Expo-
CINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION,
sure can irritate the eyes, nose, and
*
Exposure can irritate the.lungs. High-
throat.
er exposure can cause a build-up of
* Chioromethyl Methyl Ether is a FLAM-
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
MABLE LIQUID.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Chioromethyl Methyl
Ether:
* Breathirfg the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath. Higher exposures can
cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* The liquid can cause severe eye burns,
leading to permanent damage. Contact
can also cause severe skin burns.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Chioromethyl Methyl Ether and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Ch].oromethyl Methyl Ether is a PROBABLE
• CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
is some evidence that it causes cancer
of the lungs in humans and it has been
shown to cause cancer of the skin and
lungs in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Chioromethyl Methyl Ether can irritate
he lungs. Repeated exposures may cause
bronchitis to develop with cough,
phlegm, and/or shortness of breath.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
stended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
Page2
I
-------
I
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Chioromethyl Methyl Ether from
drums or other storage containers to
process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Re-
fer to the OSHA standard 1910.1006:
Methyichioromethyl Ether.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Cbloromethyl Methyl Ether
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Chioromethyl. Meth-
yl Ether, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical.
* Do nct eat, smoke, or drink where Chlo-
romethyl Methyl Ether is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chioromethyl
Methyl Ether. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the
recommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chioromethyl
Methyl Ether you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Chloromethy]. Methyl Ether must be
stored to avoid contact with OPEN FLAME
and SMOKING since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Chioromethyl
Methyl Ether should be grounded and
bonded. Drums must be equipped with
self-closing valves, pressure vacuum
bungs, and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Chloromethyl Methyl
Ether.
Page 3
-------
Page4
UESTIONS AND ANSWERS
: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
.: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include . dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined soace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
* Chloroinedyl Methyl Ether is a FLAM-
MABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep f ire exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Chioromethyl Methyl Ether is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Keep Chioromethyl Methyl Ether out of a
confined space, such as a sewer, be-
cause of the possibility of an explo-
sion, unless the sewer is designed to
prevent the build-up of explosive con-
centrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chloromethyl Methyl Ether as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact the De-
partment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the
federal Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) for specific recommendations.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 122 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 17.6°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Methane, Chlormethoxy-
Other Names: CMME; Methyl Chloromethyl
Ether; Chiorodimethylether
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
CN 368
Now J
- “
Trenton, NJ 08625
orsoy Depadmont of Health
October
Revision:
1985
CES 16
AUG64
I
I
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Common Name: CHLORONETHYL METHYL ETHER WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DOT Number: UN 1239 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Flammability: No Citation CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: No Citation Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chioroprene
Chemical Abstract Service t 126—99—8
A SSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance number: 0407
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Chioroprene can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAtT1 ION. It may also dam-
age the developing fetus, cause sponta-
neous abortions, and interfere with
sperm production.
* High exposure can cause you to become
dizzy, lightheaded and to pass out.
High or repeated exposure may d mnge
the liver, kidneys and lungs.
.ntact can irritate and burn the eyes
...nd skin.
It can cause temporary loss of hair.
* Chioroprene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
IDENTIFICATION
Chioroprene is a
ether-like odor.
synthetic rubber
REASON FOR CITATION
* Chloroprene is on
stance List because
OSHA and cited by
NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
NUTAGEN and is F lAMMABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPL CE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 25 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1. ppm, not to be ex-
ceeded during any 15-minute work
period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Chioroprene is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may
have a cancer risk. All contact with
this chemical should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly inunediately after expo-
sure to Chloroprene.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Chloroprene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jers.y Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: CHLOROPRENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
126-99-8
UN 1991
colorless liquid with an
It is used in making
(neoprene).
the Hazaidous Sub-
it is regulated by
ACCIHI DOT, NIOSH,
-------
CULOROPRENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a stnnm ry source of in-
formation of all aotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Kidney and liver functions tests.
* Lung function tests.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Chloroprene:
* Contact can irritate the skin and can
cause eye burns.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
cause you to become dizzy, lightheaded
and to pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Chloroprene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* ChI.oroprene causes MUTATIONS (genetic
changes). Such chemicals may have a
cancer risk.
* Although there is insufficient infor-
mation available to evaluate Chioro-
prene for its ability to cause cancer,
there are studies that suggest an in-
crease of lung and skin cancer may
occur in workers exposed to Chioro-
prene.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* Chioroprene may damage the developing
fetus, cause spontaneous abortions, and
interfere with sperm production.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High or repeated exposure may damage
the liver, kidneys and lungs.
* Chioroprene can cause temporary loss of
hair on exposed body parts.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERINC CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Chloroprene from drums, barrels, or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Chioroprene
#77-210.
-------
CHLOROPRZNE
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chioroprene.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* NIOSH recommends Vinyl or Rubber coated
protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
faceshield when working with the liquid
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Chioroprene you
should be trained on its proper handl-
ing and storage.
* Chioroprene must be stored to avoid
contact with PEROXIDES and other OXI-
DIZERS, such as PERMANGANATES, NI-
TRATES, CHLORATES, and PERCHLORATES,
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area at tempera-
tures below 50°F (10°C).
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Chlo-
roprene is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Chioroprene
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Chioroprene.
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Chioroprene should change * Engineering controls must be effective
into clean clothing promptly. to ensure that exposure to Chioroprene
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate does not occur.
work area should be provided foremer ._.* Where the potential exists for expo-
gency use. sures to Chioroprene use a MSHA/NIOSH
* On skin contact with Chioroprene, iinme- approved supplied-air respirator with a
diately wash or shower to remove the full facepiece operated in the positive
chemical. pressure mo4e or with a full facepiece,
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Chlo- hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
roprene is handled, processed, or mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
stored, since the chemical can be swal- self-contained breathing apparatus with
lowed. Wash hands carefully before a full facepiece operated in pressure-
eating or smoking. demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 400 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 400 ppm ex-
ists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
-------
CHLOROPRENE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects_wLtho
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical Drocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” exvo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eazs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
CHLOROPRENE
UN 1991
Guide code: 30
126-99-8
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFIAMMABILITY
I
3
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
I
IPOISONOUS CASES
ARE PRODUCED IN
FIRE
I
ICONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Chloroprene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID. Use
dry chemical, CO 2 or alcohol foam ex-
tinguishers. Water can be used to keep
fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Chloroprene is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Chloroprene out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chloroprene as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 179 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Flash Point: -4°F (-20.0°C)
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COZ*!ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1 ,3-Butadiene, 2-Chioro-
Other Names and Formulations:
2 -Chloro - 1,3- Butadiene; Chiorobutadiene;
beta- Chioronrene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Chromium
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440—47—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
HROMIUN
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-47-3
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 7/31/86
0432
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Chromium can affect you when
in.
breathed
* Chromium is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION..
* Chromium metal ore has been reported to
cause lung allergy.
* Chromium fumes can cause “metal fume
fever,” a flu-like illness lasting
about 24 hours with chills, aches,
cough and fever.
* Chromium particles can irritate the
eyes.
IDENTIFICATION
Chromium is a steel-gray, lustrous metal
often found as a powder. It is used for
greatly increasing resistance and dura-
bility of metals and for chrome plating of
other metals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* It is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is regulated by OSHA and
cited by ACGIH, NTP, and IARC.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT and a MUTA-
GEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissib1
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 mg/m
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended a1 rborne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/m averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* Chromium is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* Chromium may form metal fumes which
present different hazards than the sub-
stance itself. For further information
see page 2.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Chromium is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Chromium to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
N•w Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
CHROMIUM
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a stuninary source of in-
formation of all i,otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Metal, metal compounds and alloys are of-
ten used in “hot” operations in the work-
place. These may include, but are not
limited to, welding, brazing, soldering,
plating, cutting, and metallizing. At the
high temperatures reached in these opera-
tions, metals often form metal fumes which
have different health effects and exposure
standards than the original metal or metal
compound and require specialized controls.
Your workplace can be evaluated for the
presence of particular fumes which may be
generated. Consult the appropriate NJ DOH
Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is no evidence that Chromium ad-
versely affects reproduction. This is
based on test results presently avail-
able to the New Jersey Department of
Health from published studies.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Chromium ore has been reported to cause
lung allergy. Once allergy develops,
even small future exposures may cause
cough, wheezing, or shortness of
breath.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Chromium:
* Chromium fumes can cause “metal fume
fever,” a flu-like illness with metal-
lic taste, fever, chills, and muscle
aches lasting about 24 hours.
* Chromium particles can irritate the
eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Chromium and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Chromium is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans. It has been shown to cause
lung and throat cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing
reproductive damage in humans.
* Lung function tests. These may be
normal if person is not having an
attack at the time of the test.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider urine Chromium levels. Per-
sons without workplace exposure usually
have levels below 15 micrograms per
liter of urine.
* Lung function tests. These may be
normal if the person is not having an
attack at the time of the test.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
-------
CHROMIUM
page 3 of 5
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Chromium VI
#76-129.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Chromium.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Chromium at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Chro-
mium is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Chromium. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included with the
recommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOS}1
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
-------
CHROMITJX page 4 of 5
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysica], and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exno-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: CHROMItJM
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
GAS Number: 7440-47-3
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLANMABILITY
INot
Found
REACTIVITY
INot
Found
I
COMBUSTIBLE DUST
I
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT
I
POWDER MAY EXPLODE IN AIR
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Combustible Dust/Powder.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Powder may explode in air.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Chromium is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Chromium as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Prog-
ram for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cobalt
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440—48—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME:
COBALT
CM NUMBER:
7440-48-4 DOT NUMBER: None
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
Cobalt can affect you when breathed in.
throat, and lungs.
High levels may
*
Exposure can cause a severe allergic
cause a buildup of
fluid in the lungs
lung reaction with coughing, wheezing,
(pulmonary edema).
chest pain and shortness of breath.
*
Cobalt can cause
a skin allergy to
*
Repeated exposure can cause scarring of
develop.
the lungs (fibrosis) even if no symp-
*
Exposure can dnm ge
the heart.
toms are noticed. This can be fatal.
*
Fine powdered pure
Cobalt metal can be
*
Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
a fire hazard at room temperature.
IDENTIFICATION
Cobalt is an odorless, metallic silver-
gray solid or small particles. It is
used in steel alloys, jet engines, in nu-
clear technology and in cemented carbide
abrasives and tools.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Cobalt is on the Workplace Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIR and NIOSH.
* Deftnitirins are provided on page 5.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legai. airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.1 mg/m
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.05 mg/rn averaged ove
an 8-hour workshift and 0.]. mg/rn
as a STEL (short term exposure
limit). This exposure limit is
recommended for Colbalt metal,
dust and fumes.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Cobalt and at the end of the
workahift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Cobalt
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
This Fact Sheet is a sIII mAry source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
WKALTH HAZARD INPORXATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Cobalt:
* Cobalt dust may irritate the skin,
causing a rash or burning feeling on
contact.
* Exposure to the dust and fumes can
irritate the eyes, nose, mouth, and
throat. High levels can irritate the
lungs, causing a buildup of fluid
(pulmonary edema).
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Cobalt and can last for months or
years:
* Cobalt can cause a skin allergy. If an
allergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Cobalt may cause an asthma-like al-
lergy. Future exposures can cause
asthma attacks, with shortness of
breath, wheezing, cough, and/or chest
tightness.
* Cobalt can damage the heart, causing
heart failure.
* Long- term exposure may damage the thy-
roid and liver.
* Repeated exposure can caue scarring of
the lungs (pulmonary fibrosis) even if
no symptoms are noticed. This can be
disabling or fatal.
DICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Chest x-ray for scarring should be done
every two to three years after five or
more years of exposure
* Lung function tests
* Evaluation for heart failure.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver, thyroid, and lung function tests
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
da ge already done are not a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this infor-
mation under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
res-pirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
Page2
-------
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the - following control is
recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH Occupational Hazard
Assessment: Criteria for Controlling
Occupational Exposure to Cobalt #82-
107.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Cobalt should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Cobalt.
* On skin contact with Cobalt, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Cobalt at the end of
each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Co-
balt is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Cobalt. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dustproof goggles when working
with fine powders or dusts, such as
when grinding Cobalt, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.05 mg/rn 3 , use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved respirator with a high
efficiency particulate filter. More
protection is provided by a full
facepiece respirator than by a half-
mask respirator, and even greater pro-
tection is provided by a powered-air
purifying respirator. Particulate fil-
ters must be checked every day before
work for physical damage, such as rips
or tears, and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can taste or
otherwise detect Cobalt, or in the case
of a full facepiece respirator you ex-
perience eye irritation, leave the area
immediately. Check to make sure the
respirator-to-face seal is still good.
If it is, replace the filter, car-
tridge, or canister. If the seal is no
longer good, you may need a new respi-
rator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
Page3
-------
Page4,
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated i-n the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
k Exposure to 20 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If th
possibility of exposures above 20 mg/rn
exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the. amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
PL: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other vhysical and
mechanical orocesses (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined soace” exoo-
(working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
I
-------
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Common Name: COBALT - - WARNING
DOT Number: None
NFPA F1imii nbi1ity: No Citation DO NOT USE WATER
NFPA Reactivity: No Citation Health hazards on front page
FIRE HAZARDS
* Cobalt is a non-combustible solid.
However, powdered Cobalt will ignite.
* Use dry chemicals such as sand,
dolomite, and graphite powder when ap-
propriate for extinguishing a powdered
metal fire. DO NOT USE WATER.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Cobalt is spilled take the following
* Restrict persons
equipment from area
cleanup La complete.
* Collect the spilled
most convenient and
deposit in sealed
reclamation or for
approved facility.
the
and
for
an
* I may be necessary to contain and
dispose of Cobsit as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Department of Environ-
mental Protection or your
regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
* Cobalt must be stored
with STRONG OXIDIZERS
RINE, BROMINE, and
violent reactions occur.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical
facility.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary ed ma may be
delayed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMEONLY USED MANES
Chemical Name: Cobalt
Other Names: Cobalt-59; C.I. 77320
to avoid contact
(such as CHLO-
FLUORINE) since
I
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Colbalt you
should be trained on its proper handl-
ing and storage.
Not Intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
Nsw Jrssy Oepailm.nt of NsaIIh
CN 361 Trsi oii NJ 01628
Dais pNpWS.t September 1985
CES- is
JS S m
I
steps:
not wearing protective
of spill until
material in
safe manner
containers
disposal in
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Copper
Chemical Abstract Service 4 7440—50—8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
COPPER
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440- 50-8
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 7/31/86
0528
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Copper dust or fumes can affect you
when breathed in.
* Eye contact with particles of Copper
Metal can cause a severe reaction that
can lead to blindness.
* Exposure to dust or fumes can irritate
the eyes, nose and throat.
* Copper fumes may cause “metal fume
fever”. This is a flu-like illness
with symptoms of metallic taste, fever
and chills, aches, chest tightness and
cough.
* Copper may cause an allergic skin rash.
IDENTIFICATION
Copper is a reddish-brown metal. It is
widely used in the electrical industry,
plumbing, heating, roofing and building
construction. It is also used in chemical
and pharmaceutical machinery.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Copper is on the Hazardous . Substance
List because it is regulated by OS}LA
and cited by ACGIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 1.0 mg/rn
for Copp r dusts and mists and
0.1 mg/rn for Copper Fume aver-
aged over an 8-hour worlcshift and
measured as Copper.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1.0 mg/rn 3 for Cgpper
dusts and mists and 0.2 mg/rn for
Copper fume averaged over an 8-
hour workshift and measured as
Copper.
* Copper may form metal fumes which.pre-
sent different hazards than the sub-
stance itself. For further information
see Page 2.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Copper dust or fumes.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Copper
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
N•w Jersey Department of Hufth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
COPPF.R
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Metal, metal compounds and alloys are of-
ten used in “hot” operations in the work-
place. These may include, but are not
limited to, welding, brazing, soldering,
plating, cutting, and inetallizing. At the
high temperatures reached in these opera-
tions, metals often form metal fumes which
have different health effects and exposure
standards than the original metal or metal
compound and require specialized controls.
Your workplace can be evaluated for the
presence of particular fumes which may be
generated. These results can be used to
determine the appropriate NJ Hazardous
Substance Fact Sheet that should be
available.
not Copper.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Copper has been tested and
has not been shown to adversely affect
reproduction.
Other Long—Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause chronic ir-
ritation of the nose and may cause ul-
cers.
* Copper may cause a skin allergy. If al-
lergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Repeated exposures can cause thickening
of the skin and may cause a greenish
color to the skin and hair.
* Repeated, very high Copper exposures
can damage the liver.
MEDICAL
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Copper:
* Eye contact with particles of Copper
metal can lead to a severe reaction.
This can damage vision and cause blind-
ness.
* Exposure to dust or fumes can irritate
the eyes, nose and throat. It may
cause coughing and nose bleeds.
* Copper fumes may cause “metal fume fe-
ver” with symptoms of metallic taste,
chills and fever, aches, cough, and
chest tightness. The symptoms may be
delayed for several hours after expo-
sure and usually last a day or two.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Copper and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is evidence that workers in Cop-
per smelters have an increased risk of
lung cancer, but this is thought to be
due to Arsenic Tn oxide exposure and
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Serum and urine Copper levels.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Copper metal often contains Arsenic as
an impurity. CONSULT THE NEW JERSEY DE -
PARTMENT OF HEALTH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
FACT SHEET ON ARSENIC if you are ex-
posed to Copper dust or fumes.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
* “Wilsons Disease” is a rare condition
that interferes with the bodies ability
to get rid of Copper. If you have this
illness, consult your doctor about Cop-
per exposure.
-------
COPPER
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment. is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2). how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Copper dust or fumes should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Copper dust or fumes.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cop-
per is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* On skin contact with Copper dust or
fumes, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted Copper, whether
or not known skin contact has occurred.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
page 3 of 5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines andthay not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Copper. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OP RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia3 exists for expo-.
sures aver 0.1 mg/rn as Copper fume or
1 mg/rn as Copper dusts and mists, use
a MSHA/NIOSH approved full facepiece
respirator with a high efficiency par-
ticulate filter. Creater protection is
provided by a powered-air purifying
respirator. Particulate filters must
be checked every day before work for
physical damage, such as rips or tears,
and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Copper, or
in the case of a full facepiece res-
pirator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
-------
COPPER
page 4 of 5
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enoi,igh to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility:
Copper fume: Insoluble
Copper dust and mist:
Highly soluble.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* I may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Copper as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Copper you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
ACETYLENE GAS because flammable hydro-
gen is produced.
* Copper must be stored to avoid contact
with OXIDIZERS such as PERCHLORATES,
PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES,
and NITRATES; CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS
such as POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM,
and ZINC since violent reactions occur.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R C E N C I
Common Name: COPPER
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 7440-50-8
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFLA1 ABILITY
INot
Found
IREACTIVITY
INot
Found
IDO NOT USE WATER
ITOXIC FUMES ARE
PRODUCED IN FIRE
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Consult an ophthomalogist (eye special-
ist) immediately.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with water.
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemicals appropriate for ex-
tinguishing metal fires. DO NOT USE
WATER.
* TOXIC FUMES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
Slightly
to
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cresol
- - (Cresylic Acid)
Chemical Abstract Service * 1319—77—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CRESYLIC ACID
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
1319-77-3
UN 2022/UN 2076
RTK Substance number:
Date: 5/1/86
0537
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Cresylic Acid can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Overexposure from skin contact or
breathing can cAuse weakness, nausea,
collapse, coma and death. Severe dam-
age to kidneys, brain, liver and other
body organs can occur.
* Cresylic Acid is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL
and contact can cause severe skin and
eye burns and even blindness.
* Repeated exposure can cause poor appe-
tite, headaches, personality changes
and liver or kidney damage.
* Cresylic Acid is often called Cresol.
IDENTIFICATION
Cresylic Acid, also known as Cresol, is a
colorless solid or yellowish or pinkish
liquid. It is used in making synthetic
resins, photographic developers, explo-
sives and as a disinfectant and fumigant.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Cresylic Acid is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIH, NIOSH, DOT
and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* These exposure limits are recommended
for all isomers of Cresol.
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2.3 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Cresylic Acid and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Cresylic Acid to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey D.partmem of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
CRESYLIC ACID
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all Dotential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure,
concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to
any of the potential effects described
below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Cresylic Acid:
* Skin contact or breathing exposure can
cause rapid weakness, nausea, collapse,
coma and death.
* Contact can cause severe skin and eye
burns.
* Lower or repeated exposures can cause
poor appetite, headaches, nausea, diz-
ziness and personality changes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Cresylic Acid and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Cresylic Acid has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Cresylic Acid has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High or repeated lower skin or breath-
ing exposures can cause liver or kidney
damage.
* Cresylic Acid may cause a skin allergy.
If allergy develops, very low future
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following are recommended:
* Tests for kidney and liver function.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are not a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective than the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the
substance is released into the workplace
and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls
should be in place for highly toxic
chemicals or when significant skin, eye,
or breathing exposures are possible.
En addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Cresylic- Acid from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
-------
CRESYLIC ACID
page 3 of 5
Occupational Exposure to Cresol # 78-
133.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Cresylic Acid should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Cresylic Acid.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Cresylic Acid, im-
mediately wash or shover to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cre-
sylic Acid is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every
situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Cresylic Acid.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppi iers/manufac tur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* The American Industrial Hygiene Associ-
ation recommends SARANE and TYVEK as
protective materials.
* ACGIH recommends Neoprene as protective
material.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 2.3 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOS1-(
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered-air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Cresylic
Acid, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, or for liquid form. use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
-------
CRESYLIC ACID
page 4 of 5
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 250 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 250 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Cresylic Acid you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Cresylic Acid must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMThIE, and FLUORINE) OLEUM,
CHLOROSULFONIC ACID and NITRIC ACID
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated dry area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Cre-
sylic Acid is used, handled, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time and
the amount of material to which
someone is exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhvsica]. and
mechanical processes (heating,
pouring, spraying, spills and
evaporation from large surface areas
such as open containers), and
“ confined sDace” exposures (working
inside vats, reactors, boilers, small
rooms, etc.).
Q: the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: CRESYLIC ACID
DOT Number: UN 2022/UN 2076
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55/55
CAS Number: 1319-77-3
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAI ’ !MABILITY
I
2/1
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
COMBUSTIBLE
I
ICORROSIVE
I
POISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Cresylic Acid is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID!
SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
* Vapors form explosive
air.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If liquid Cresylic Acid is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Cresylic Acid as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire d
epartme
nt.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 hours after significant skin or eye
contact as death can occur from respi-
ratory failure.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: range 0.15 to 0.25 mm
Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: range 178° to 187°F
Water Solubility: Methyiphenol
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS:
Tricresol; Cresol
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
IN FIRE.
FIRE.
mixtures with
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cumene
Chemical Abstract Service * 98-82-8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CLTh1ENE
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
98-82-8
UN 1918
RTK Substance number: 0542
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Cumane can affect you when breathed in
and by passing through your skin.
* Exposure can cause you to become dizzy,
lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Contact can irritate the eyes. It may
also cause a skin rash.
* Exposure may irritate the eyes, nose,
mouth, and throat.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Cumene is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NFPA and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.088 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORRPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 50 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 50 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Cumene.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Cumene
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
Nsw Jers.y Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
IDENTIFICATION
mene is a colorless
rating odor.
.. trial solvent
petroleum.
liquid
It is
and
with a sharp,
used as an
occurs in
-------
CUNENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) lalth
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Cumene:
* The liquid may Lrritate the skin, caus-
ing a rash or burning feeling on con-
tact.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
mouth, and throat. Higher levels can
cause you to become dizzy, lightheaded,
and to pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Cumene and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Cumene has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in
animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Cuinene has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect
reproduction.
Other Long—Term Effects
* Long-term exposure can cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
* Exposure may damage the lungs, liver,
and kidneys.
* This chemical has not been adequately
evaluated to determine whether brain or
other nerve damage could occur with
repeated exposure. However, many
solvents and other petroleum-based
chemicals have been shown to cause such
damage. Effects may include reduced
memory and concentration, personality
changes (withdrawal, irritability),
fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced
coordination, and/or effects on nerves
supplying internal organs (autonomic
nerves) and/or nerves to the arms and
legs (weakness, “pins and needles”).
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Interview for brain effects, including
recent memory, mood (irritability,
withdrawal), concentration, headaches,
malaise and altered sleep patterns.
Consider cerebellar, autonomic and per-
ipheral nervous system evaluation.
Positive and borderline individuals
should be referred for neuropsycho-
logical testing.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
-------
CUMENE
page 3 of 5
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is re-
commended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Cumene from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Cumane should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Cumene.
* On skin contact with Cumene, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cu-
mena is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Cumene. Wear
solvent-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 25 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator with an organic
vapor cartridge. More protection is
provided by a full facepiece respirator
than by a half-mask respirator, and
even greater protection is provided by
a powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Cumene, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode, or
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
CUHENE
page 4 of 5
full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 8,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 8,000
ppm exists use a MSHA,’NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Cumane you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Cumene must be stored to avoid contact
with OXIDIZERS, such as PERNANGANATES,
NITRITES, PEROXIDES, CHLORATES, and
PERCHLORATES, since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Cumene
is used, handled, or stored in a manner
that could create a potential fire or
explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community,
except possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people
who are already ill, community
exposures may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
INJ DOB Hazard
ratinz
I
I
I
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
2
REACTIVITY
I
0
POISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Cumene is a CON USTI8LE LIQUID.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* Use a dry chemical, CO 2 . water spray,
or foam extinguishers. Water can be
used to keep fire-exposed containers
cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to figbt
fires, they must be trained and
equipped -as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Cumene is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup Is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Cumene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
grain for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORNATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 8 mm Hg at 68°F (20°C)
Flash Point: 111°F (43.9°C)
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzene, (l-Methylethyl) -
Other Names and Formulations:
Cumol; Isopropylbenzene; 2-Phenylpropane
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
CUNENE
UN 1918
Guide code: 28
98-82-8
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Cyc lohexane
chemical Abstract Service * 110—82—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 required the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Co=on Name:
CYCLOHEXANE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
110-82-7
UN 1145
RTK Substance number:
Date: 3/26/86
0565
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Cycl .ohexane can affect you when
breathed in.
* Exposure may cause nausea, dizziness,
lightheadedness and drowsiness. Uncon-
sciousness and death may occur at high
exposures.
* It can irritate the eyes, nose and
throat.
* Prolonged or repeated skin contact will
cause cracking, drying and chapping of
exposed areas.
* Cyclohexane is a FLAIIMABLE LIQUID and a
FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Cyclohexane is a colorless liquid with a
sweet odor. It is used as a paint remov-
er, a solvent for lacquers and resins, and
in making organic materials like nylon.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Cyclohexane is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is regulated by
OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLA (&BI2.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 300 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 300 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Cyclohexane.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Cyclohexane to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey D.p.ilm.nt of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
25 ppm.
-------
CYCLOHEXANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all notentia] . and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Cyclohexane:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose
and throat.
* Exposure to high levels can cause nau-
sea, dizziness, lightheadedness and
drowsiness. Unconsciousness and death
may occur at higher exposures.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Cyclohexane and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Cyclohexane has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Cyc].ohexane has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Prolonged or repeated skin contact can
cause drying, cracking and chapping of
the exposed areas.
* Cyclohexane may affect the liver and
kidneys.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORIC PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Cyclohexane should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Cyclohexane.
* On skin contact with Cyclohexane, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cy-
clohexane is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
-------
CYCLOHEXANE
page 3 of 5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
HANDLING AND STORAGE
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Cyc].ohexane.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear gas-proof goggles, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 300 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the Continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 10,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 10,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
* Prior to working with Cyclohexane you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Cyclohexane must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANCANATES,
CHLORATES, and NITRATES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Cyclo-
hexane is used, handled, or stored in a
manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Cyclohexane
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Cyclohexane.
* Wherever Cyclohexane is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and fit-
tings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
-------
CYCLOBEXANE page 4 of 5
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina opera-
tiona (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical urocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are u .sually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: CYCLOHEXANE
DOT Number: UN 1145
DOT Emergency Guide code: 26
CAS Number: 110-82-7
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
NJ DOH Hazard ratina
I
I
I
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
3
REACTIVITY
I
0
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Cyclohexane is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fired, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Cyclohexane is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* For small quantities, absorb on paper
towels. Evaporate in a safe place
(such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient
time for vapors to completely clear
hood ductwork, then burn the paper away
from combustible materials.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Cyclohexane as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recoin-
mendations.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 95 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: -4°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Cyclohexane
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
Other Names
Hexahydrobenzene;
Hexanaphthene
and Formulations:
Hexaniethylene;
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Di azomethane
Chemical Abstract Service * 334—88—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Conununity Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identif led in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
- Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
DIAZOMETHANE
334-88-3
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 3/26/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Diazoinethane can affect you when
breathed in.
* It is extremely toxic. Exposure can
cause severe lung damage with symptoms
of coughing, chest pain, shortness of
breath, fever and fatigue. These may
not be felt until hours or days after
exposure and this can cause death.
* Exposure to the gas or liquid can cause
severe skin burns and eye damage.
* Repeated exposures, even at low levels,
may cause an asthma-like lung allergy.
* Heat, sunlight, or other bright lights
can cause it to explode. Contact with
alkali metals, drying agents and rough
edges can also cause explosions.
IDENTIFICATION
Diazomethane is a yellow gas at room
temperature. It can also exist as a
liquid under pressure. It is used in
making other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Diazomethane is on the
Substance List because it is
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.2 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.2 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Diazomethane.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Diazomethane to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N•w Jersey Departmsnt of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
0620
Hazardous
regulated
-------
DIAZOMETHANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all i otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure to Diazomethane can
cause an asthma-like lung allergy.
Symptoms may include coughing, wheez-
ing, and fatigue. The symptoms may
become progressively worse with re-
peated attacks, and permanent lung
damage (emphysema) may result.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Diazomethane:
* Breathing Diazomethane gas or vapors
can cause severe lung damage. Immedi-
ate symptoms may include coughing,
wheezing, shortness of breath, chest
pain, dizziness, fatigue, headache, and
irritation of the mouth, nose and
throat. Nausea, vomiting, and fever may
also occur. This can progress to a
build-up of fluid in the lungs (pul-
monary edema) and death. The effects
may not be felt for hours or days after
exposure.
* Contact with Diazomethane gas, lique-
fied gas, or solutions can cause severe
eye burns and permanent damage.
* Skin contact can cause severe irrita-
tion, burns and scaling of the affected
body area. Similar symptoms may occur
on the skin inside the mouth, nose and
throat following inhalation.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Diazomethane and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Diazomethane has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Diazomethane has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests. These may be nor-
mal at first if the person is not hav-
ing an attack at the time.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose al-
lergy.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
-------
DIAZOMETHANE
page 3 of 5
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
onimended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Diazomethane from cylinders or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by liquid Diazomethane should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Diazomethane.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Diazomethane, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-
azomethane is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Diazomethane.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufac tur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
or gas-proof goggles when working with
the gas, unless full facepiece respira-
tory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expos-
ures over 0.2 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the Continuous floe
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 10 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 10 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Diazomethane you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
-------
DIAZONETHANE
page 4 of 5
* Diazomethane must be stored to avoid
contact with ALKALI METALS, such as
LITHIUM, SODIUM, or POTASSIUM; or DRY-
ING AGENTS, such as CALCIUM SULFATE,
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and LIGHT. The pure liquid mate-
rial explodes above 302°F, whereas im-
pure material explodes at lower temper-
atures. Exposure of the gas or solu-
tions to SUNLIGHT or other BRIGHT
LIGHTING may cause an explosion. Con-
tact with ROUGH EDGES, such as found on
ground glass, may cause an explosion.
Safety barriers or shields should be
used to protect. workers from accidental
explosions.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Diazo-
methane is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers used in the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Diazomethane
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Diazomethane.
* Wherever Diazomethane is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and f it-
tings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>)> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: DIAZOMETHANE
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 334-88-3
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
IFLANMABILITY
INot
Found
REACTIVITY
IEXPLOSIVE LIQUID
INot
Found
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Diazomethane WILL EXPLODE IN A FIRE.
In the event of a fire, immediately
evacuate the area.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Diazomethane is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannpt be stop-
ped in place, remove the leaking cylin-
der to a safe place in the open air,
and repair leak or allow cylinder to
empty.
* If in liquid form, allow to vaporize or
absorb the spilled chemical by using a
sponge and water. Decompose chemically
with a 10% Ceric Ammonium Nitrate solu-
tion.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Diazomethane as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Decomposes in water
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS:
Azimethylene; Diazirine; Diazoriium; Me-
thyl ide
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Oftice of Toxic Substances
Dibutyl phthalate
Chemical Abstract Service * 84—74—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRON ThL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
IDENTIFIØATION
Di-n-Butyl Phthalate is a colorless, oily
liquid. It is often used as a plasti-
cizer, a lacquer solvent, and an insect
repellent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* DL-n-Butyl. Phtbalate is on the Work-
place Hazardous Substance List because
it is regulated by OSHA and cited by
ACGIH.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPlACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibig
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged ovej an
8-hour workshift 10 mg/rn as
a STEL (short term exposure
limit).
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Di-n-Butyl Phthalate.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, coimnunicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Di-n-
3utyl Phthalate to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: DI-N-BUTYL
AS NUMBER: 84-74-2
PHTHALATE
DOT NUMBER:
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Di-n-Butyl Phthalate can affect
you
* Contact may irritate the eyes
and
skin.
when breathed in.
* Exposure may irritate the
nose
and
* Di-n-Buty]. Ph haLate may damage the
do-
throat.
veloping fetus and may also damage
the
testes (male reproductive glands).
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORXATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Di-n-Butyl Phthalate:
* Contact can irrita e the skin, and the
eyes.
* Exposure to the vapor or aerosol can
irritate the eyes, nose, mouth, and
throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Di-u-Buty]. Phthalate and can last
for months or years:
Reproductive Hazard
* Di-n-Butyl Phthalate may dmni ge the de-
veloping fetus.
* It may also dam*ge the testes (male re-
productive glands).
Other Long-Term Effects
* No chronic (long-term) health effects
are known at this time.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
-- -- - viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (I) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Di-n-Butyl Phthalate
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Di-n-Butyl Phtbalate.
* On skin contact with Di-n-Butyl Phtha l-
ate, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted Di-n-Butyl
Phthalate, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-n-
Buty]. Phthalate is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
Page2 1
-------
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Di-n-Butyl Ph-
thalate. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCIR recommends Butyl Rubber, Neo-
prene, N.Ltr.Lle Rubber, and VITON as
good to excellent protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potenti l exists for expo-
sures over 5 mg/in , use an MSHA/NIOSH
full facepiece approved respirator with
a high efficiency particulate filter.
More protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirator. Par-
ticulate filters must be checked every
day before work for physical damage,
such as rips or tears, and replaced as
needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect DL-n-Buty].
Phthalate, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or can-
ister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respiratpr.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 9,300 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 9,300
mg/rn exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time
someone is exposed and the amount of
material they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing 9pe1&.
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and
I Page3
-------
Page4 0
mechanical processes (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from Large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure .of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system d mnge?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: But aren’t pregnant women at the
greatest risk from reproductive haz-
ards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals way affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
I
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
* DL-n-Butyl. Phthalate is a COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* 1f employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND I GENCIES
If Di-n-Eutyl Pbthalite is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of DL-n-Butyl Phthalate as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the De-
partment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the
federal Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
SODIUM HYDROXIDE, POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
and LIThIUM HYDROXIDE); and STRONG
ACIDS (such as SULFURIC ACIp, HY-
DROCHLORIC ACID, and NITRIC ACID) since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where DL-n-
Butyl Phthalate is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lover lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash
area with large amounts of water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Less than 0.01 mm Hg at
68°F
Flash Point: 315°F
Water So lubilLty: Very Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
* Prior to working with DL-n-Bntyl
Phthalate you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Di-n-Butyl Phthalate must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, or CHLORINE
DIOXIDE); STRONG ALKALIS (such as
Not intended to be copied
\ \ II , New Jersey Deparirnent of Health
CN 365 Trsnlon , NJ 08625
Chemical Name: 1,2 -Benzenedicarboxylic
Acid, Dibutyl Ester
Other Names: n-Butylphthalate; DEP;
butyl Phthalate
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Common Name: DI-N-BUTYL PETHALATE WARNING
DOT Number: NA 9095 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
NFPA F1 n bility: 1 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: 0 Health hazards on front page
S
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Di -
and sold for commercial purposes.
Oat. pi.parsd Sept er 1985
CES- II
*ue S4
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1, 2—Diclilorobenzene
Chemical Abstract Service * 95—50—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to tile same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance number: 0642
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,2-Dichiorobensene can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can cause headaches, nausea,
and irritation of the eyes and throat.
Higher exposures can cause you to be-
come dizzy and lightheaded and to pass
out.
* Exposure can rIrnnAge blood cells.
* Contact can cause irritation of the
skin and eyes. Prolonged contact can
cause severe burns.
It may damage the liver, kidneys and
lungs.
IDENTIFICATION
l,2-Dichlorobenzene is a colorless to pale
yellow liquid with a pleasant odor. It is
used in dry cleaning, as a degreasing
agent, and insecticide.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,2-Dichiorobensene is
Substance List because
by OSHA and cited by
and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20. If you think you
are experiencing any work-related
health problems, see a doctor trained
to recognize occupational diseases.
Take this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.30 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 50 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 50 ppm, which should not
be exceeded at any time.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1, 2-Dichlorobenzene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distilbuted by the United States
New Jersey Deps,tm.nt of Heath Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 1, 2—DICHLOROBENZENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
95-50-1
UN 1591
on the Hazardous
it is regulated
ACGIH NFPA, DOT
-------
1, 2-DICHLOROBENZENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all notential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1, 2-Dichlorobenzene:
* Contact with the liquid can irritate
the skin. Prolonged contact can cause
skin burns.
* The liquid can irritate and burn the
eyes.
* Exposure can cause headaches, nausea,
and can irritate the eyes, nose, and
throat. Higher levels can cause you to
become dizzy and lightheaded and to
pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l,2-Dichlorobenzene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is some evidence for an associ-
ation between exposure to Dlchloroben-
zenes and leukemia. It is unclear at
this time whether this association rep-
resents an increased cancer risk.
Reproductive Hazard
* l,2-Dichlorobenzene may damage
testes (male reproductive glands).
Other Long-Term Effects
* l,2-Dichlorobenzene may cause a skin
allergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash.
* The chemical may damage the lungs,
liver, and kidneys. It may affect the
nervous system.
* Long-term exposure can cause breakdown
of blood cells.
* This chemical has not been adequately
evaluated to determine whether brain or
other nerve d 1mAge could occur with
repeated exposure. However, many
solvents and other petroleum-based
chemicals have been shown to cause such
damage. Effects may include reduced
memory and concentration, personality
changes (withdrawal, irritability),
fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced
coordination, and/or effects on nerves
supplying internal organs (autonomic
nerves) and/or nerves to the arms and
legs (weakness, “pins and needles”).
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Liver, kidney and lung function tests.
* Complete blood count.
Interview for brain effects, including
recent memory, mood (irritability, with-
drawal), concentration, headaches, malaise
and altered sleep patterns. Consider
cerebellar, autonomic and peripheral ner-
vous system evaluation. Positive and bor-
derline individuals should be referred for
neuropsychological testing.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
the Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema, and other respiratory problems,
it may worsen respiratory conditions
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
-------
1 ,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
you have smoked for a long time, stop-
ping now will reduce your risk of de-
veloping health problems.
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, drink-
ing alcohol may increase the liver dam-
age caused by 1,2-Dichlorobenzena.
page 3 of 5
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump li-
quid 1,2-Dichlorobenzene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by 1,2-Dichlorobenzene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with 12-Dich].oroben-
zene, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 1,2-Dichlorobenzene at
the end of each work day, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,2-Dichioro-
benzene. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for exposure
to 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved full facepiece respira-
tor with an organic vapor cartridge/
canister. - Increased protection is ob-
tained from full facepiece powered air
purifying respirators.
-------
1,2 -DICHLOROBENZENE
page 4 of 5
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect l,2-Dichlo-
robenzene, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential exists for higher
exposures over 50 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 1,700 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 1,700
ppm exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with l,2-Dichloroben-
zene you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* 1,2-Dichlorobenzene must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PER-
MANCANATES, CHLORATES and NITRATES),
HOT ALUMINUM or ALUMINUM ALLOYS since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and DIRECT LIGHT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
1,2-Dichlorobenzene is used, handled,
or stored in a manner that could create
a potential fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasizrn ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chelicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
NJ DOll Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
2
REACTIVITY I
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
0
FIRE
I
I
FIRE HAZARDS
* ].,2-Dichlorobenzene is a COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride and Chlor-
ine.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1.2-Dichlorobenzene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
1 ,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
UN 1591
Guide code: 58
95-50-1
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 1, 4-DICHLOROBENZENE
CAS
Number:
106-46-7
RTK Substance number: 0643
DOT
Number:
UN
1592
Date:
1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,4-Dichlorobenzene can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can cause headache, dizziness,
swelling of the eyes, hands and feet,
and nausea. Higher levels can cause
severe liver damage and death.
* Repeated exposure can damage the ner-
vous system, blood cells, lungs, liver
and kidneys.
* Exposure can irritate and burn the
skin. Skin allergy may develop.
IDENTIFICATION
,4-Dichlorobenzene is a colorless or
site crystalline (sugar-like) material
iith a mothball odor. It is used in
liquid form as a deodorant to control
mildew and mold.
REASON FOR CITATION
l,4-Dichlorobenzene is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DOT, DEP, and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20. If you think you
are experiencing any work-related
health problems, see a doctor trained
to recognize occupational diseases.
Take this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.18 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,4-
Dichlorobenzene to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
1. • 4-DIC}1LOROBENZENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE:
* Exposure can cause headaches, dizzi-
ness, nausea, and swelling around the
eyes, hands and feet.
* Contact with the dust can cause skin
burns.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
cause liver damage severe enough to
cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l,4-Dichlorobenzene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Test evidence is inadequate to
determine if 1, 4-Dichlorobenzene causes
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that
Dichlorobenzene can damage
developing animal fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure can damage the nervous system,
causing weakness, trembling, and numb-
ness in the arms and legs.
* 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene may cause a skin
allergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash.
* Exposure can damage the lungs, liver
and kidneys.
* This chemical can damage the blood
cells, causing anemia.
* Kidney and liver function tests.
* Complete blood count.
* Lung function tests.
* Interview for brain effects, including
recent memory, mood (irritability,
withdrawal), concentration, headaches,
malaise and altered sleep patterns.
Consider cerebellar, autonomic and per-
ipheral nervous system evaluation.
Positive and borderline individuals
should be referred for neuropsycho-
logical testing.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because smoking can cause heart
disease, as well as lung cancer,
emphysema, and other respiratory
problems, it may worsen respiratory
conditions caused by chemical exposure.
Even if you have smoked for a long
time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
* Because more than light alcohol
consumption can cause liver damage,
drinking alcohol can increase the liver
damage caused by l,4-Dichlorobenzene.
1,4-
the
-------
1, 4-DICHLOROBENZENE
page 3 of 5
‘ 7ORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid l,4-Dichlorobenzene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by l,4-Dichlorobenzene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1, 4-Dichlorobenzene.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with 1,4-Dichloroben-
zene, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted l,4-Dichloro-
benzene, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,4-
Dichlorobenzene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,4-Dichloro-
benzene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dusts.
* Wear gas-proof goggles when exposed to
the vapor from heated 1,4-Dichioroben-
zene, unless full facepiece respiratory
protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 75 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister and
dust prefilter. Increased protection is
obtained from full facepiece powered
air purifying respirators.
-------
1 ,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
page 4 of 5
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect 1,4-Dichlo-
robenzene, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 75 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 1,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 1,000
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1 ,4-Dichloroben-
zene you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* 1,4-Dichlorobenzene must be stored to
avoid contact with OXIDIZERS, such as
PERIIANGANATES, NITRATES, PEROXIDES,
CHLORATES, and PERCHLORATES, since vio-
lent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and FLAME.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
1,4-dichlorobenzene is used, handled,
or stored in a manner that could create
a potential fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemic is is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFIA M M BILITY
I 2
I
I
IREACTIVITY
I 0
IPOISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* l ,4-Dichlorobenzene is COMBuSTIBLE.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironmental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R 14 A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Flash Point: 150°F (65.5°C)
Water So].ubility: Insoluble
OTHER CO 4ONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name:
Benzene, 1,4 - Dichloro -
Other Names and Formulations:
p-Dichlorobenzene; Dichlorocide; DCB
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to now Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
> >>>> >> E 14 E R G E N C Y
..ommon Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
1, 4-DICHLOROBENZENE
UN 1592
Guide code: 58
106-46-7
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1, 2—Dichioroethafle
Chemical Abstract Service * 107-06—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 1,2 -DICHLOROETHANE
RTK Substance number:
Date: 9/9/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,2-Dichioroethane can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* 1,2-Dichioroethane should be handled as
a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause nausea, headaches,
dizziness, liver and kidney damage and
can cause you to pass out and even die.
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat
and lungs. Higher levels can cause flu-
id build-up in the lungs (pulmonary
edema). This can cause death.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
* 1,2-Dichioroethane is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID and a FIRE HAZARD.
j.DENTIFICATION
1,2-Dichloroethane is a colorless, oily,
liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is
used to make vinyl chloride, as a solvent
and in many other industrial processes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,2-Dichloroethane is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIH, DOT, NIOSH,
NTP and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTAGEN and is FLAMMABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 88 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 50 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour workshift
and 100 ppm ceiling not to be ex-
ceeded at any time except for an
allowable peak up to 200 ppm for
5 minutes in any 3 hours of a
workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift 2 ppm, not
to be exceeded during any 15 min-
ute work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* l,2-Dichloroethane may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans. There may be safe level
of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,2-Dichloroethane and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,2-
Dichl.oroethane to potentially exposed
workers.
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
107-06-2
UN 1184
0652
-------
1, 2 -DIC}ILOROETHANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORNATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1,2-Dichioroethane:
* Breathing 1,2-Dichioroethane can irri-
tate the nose, throat, and lungs caus-
ing a cough, shortness of breath and
difficulty in breathing. Higher levels
can cause a build-up of fluid in the
lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* Exposure can cause nausea, vomiting,
headaches, increasing drowsiness and
then loss of consciousness. Overexpo-
sure can also cause liver and kidney
damage, and irritate the eyes.
* Contact can irritate the skin causing
redness and a rash, and irritate the
eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 1,2-Dichioroethane and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 1,2-Dichioroethane may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans since it has been shown to
cause stomach, lung, breast and other
types of cancers in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 1,2-Dichioroethane has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* ].,2-Dichloroethane can irritate the
lungs. Repeated exposures may cause
bronchitis to develop with cough,
phlegm, and/or shortness of breath.
* Repeated, prolonged contact can chron-
ically irritate the skin causing dry-
ness, redness and a rash.
* Repeated, prolonged exposure can cause
loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting,
trembling and low blood sugar (with
weakness). It may damage the liver and
kidneys.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema, and other respiratory problems,
it may worsen respiratory conditions
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
you have smoked for a long time, stopp-
ing now will reduce your risk of devel-
oping health problems.
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, drink-
ing alcohol may increase the liver
damage caused by 1,2-Dichioroethane.
-------
1,2 - DICHLOROETHANE
page 3 of 5
‘7ORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 1,2-Dichioroethane from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Ethylene Di-
chloride (1 ,2-Dichloroechane) #78-211.
* Before entering a confined space where
1,2-Dichioroethane may be present,
check to make sure that an explosive
concentration does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,2-Dichloroethane should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1,2 -Dichloroethane.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1,2-Dichtoroeth-
ane, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-
Dichioroethane is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,2-Dichioro-
ethane. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
1 ,2-DICHLOROETHANE
page 4 of 5
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2-Dichioro-
ethane you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROX-
IDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES and NI-
TRATES), STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDRO-
CHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC), CHEM-
ICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as POTAS-
SIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and ZINC),
STRONG CAUSTICS (such as SODIUM HYDROX-
IDE) and DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLAMINE since
violent reactions occur.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAMMABILITY I 3
I
I
I
IREACTIVITY I 0
IFLAMMABLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3 serious; 4 severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,2-Dichioroethane is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* Water may be ineffective in fighting
fire, but water should be used to keep
fire exposed containers cool.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1.2-Dichioroethane is spilled
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep 1,2-Dichioroethane out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2-Dichloroethane as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORflATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
or 24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Ethane, 1,2-Dichioro-
Other Names and Formulations:
l,2-Bichloroethane; Freon 150; Ethylene
Dichloride
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
> >>> >>>>>)> E H E R G E N C Y
.ommon Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
1, 2—DICHLOROETHANE
UN 1184
Guide code: 26
107-06-2
Vapor
Flash
Water
Pressure: 62 mm Hg at 68°F
Point: 55°F
Solubility: Slightly soluble
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1, 2—Dichioroethylefle
Chemical Abstract Service t 540—59—0
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. Ifl addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of suiiunary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 1,2 -DICHLOROETHYLENE
RTK Substance number:
Date: 9/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* L ,2-Dichloroethylene can affect you
when breathed in.
* Exposure to high concentrations of the
vapor can cause you to become dizzy and
lightheaded and to pass out.
* Long-term exposure may damage the
liver.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
The vapor may irritate the nose, throat
and lungs.
* l,2-Dichloroethy].ene is a FLAMMABLE and
REACTIVE CHEMICAL and is a FIRE and EX-
PLOSION HAZARD.
IENTIFICATION
.L,2-Dichloroethylene is a colorless
uid with an ether-like odor. It is
as a solvent for organic materials.
REASON FOR CITATION
* l,2-Dichloroethylene is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
NFPA, DOT and other authorities.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 17 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 200 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 200 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift and 250 ppm
as a STEL (short-term exposure
limit).
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to l,2-Dichloroethylene.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,2-
Dichioroethylene to potentially exposed
workers.
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
540- 59-0
UN 1150
0653
1 iq -
used
-------
1,2- DICHLOROETHYLENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to L,2-Dichloroethylene:
* The liquid may irritate the skin, caus-
ing a rash or burning feeling on con-
tact, nd can irritate the eyes. The
vapor can irritate the nose and throat.
* Exposure to high concentrations of the
vapor can cause you to become dizzy,
lightheaded and to pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 1,2-Dichloroethylene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, l,2-Dichloroethylene has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 1,2-Dichioroethylene has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Teri Effects
* Repeated exposure may damage the liver
and kidneys.
* l,2-Dichloroethylene may damage the
lungs and cause bronchitis.
* Repeated exposure may cause a low blood
cell count.
MEDI CAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Complete blood count.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OS}IA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
1, 2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,2-Dichloroethylene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 1,2-Dichloroethylene at
the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-
Dichloroethylene is handled, proces-
sed, or stored, since the chemical can
be swallowed. Wash hands carefully be-
fore eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,2-Dichloro-
ethylene. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 200 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect l2-Dichlo-
roethylene, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 4000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 4000 ppm
exists, use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2-
Dichioroethylene you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
* l,2-Dichloroethylene must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUO-
RINE) since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene Is used, handled,
or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of l,2-Dichloro-
ethylene should be grounded and bonded.
-------
l,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE page 4 of 5
Drums must be equipped with self-cbs- of exposure of children or people who
ing valves, pressure vacuum bungs and are already ill, community exposures
flame arresters. may cause health problems.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of 1,2-Dichioroethylene.
* Wherever l2-Dichloroethy].ene is used,
handled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>EMERGENCY
ommon Name: 1, 2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
DOT Number: UN 1150
DOT Emergency Guide code: 29
CAS Number: 540-59-0
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
IFLA ABILITY I 3
REACTIVITY I 2
IFLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS PRODUCED IN FIRE I
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1=slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* l,2-Dichloroethylene is a FLAMMABLE
LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
WILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,2-Dichioroethylene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of spills or leaks
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep 1,2-Pichioroethylene out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2-Dichioroethylene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 180-265 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 36-39°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethene, l,2-Dichloro
Other Names and Formulations: Ace-
tylene Dichioride; trans - Dichloroethylene;
sym- Dichloroethylene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1, 2-Dichloropropafle
Chemical Abstract Service It 78—87—5
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
swnmaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name; 1, 2-DICHLOROPROPANE
RTK Substance number:
Date: 6/30/86
HAZARD SU1 U4ARY
* 1,2-Dichioropropane can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through
skin.
* The vapor can irritate the nose,
throat, eyes and air passages.
* Repeated or prolonged skin contact can
cause rash.
* High or repeated exposure can damage
the liver, kidneys and brain. Early
symptoms include headaches, nausea,
personality changes.
* High exposure can irritate the lungs.
It can also make you lightheaded, dizzy
and cause you to pass out.
l,2-Dichloropropane is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID and a FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
1,2-Dichioropropane is a colorless liquid
with a chloroform-like odor. It is used
as a solvent, degreaser, in dry cleaning
fluids and as an insecticide.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,2-Dichloropropane is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLAMMABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETEBNINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.25 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 75 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 75 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift 110 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,2-Dichioropropane and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,2-
Dichloropropane to potentially exposed
workers.
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
78-87-5
UN 1279
0664
-------
1, 2 -DICHLOROPROPANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the liver,
kidneys and brain; and may damage the
adrenal glands. At lower levels of
liver and kidney damage, standard tests
may be normal.
* Repeated or prolonged skin contact can
cause irritation and rash.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
MEDICAL
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1,2-Dichioropropane:
* The vapor can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and air passages.
* Eye contact causes strong irritation.
* High exposure can damage the liver,
kidneys and adrenal glands. Brain dam-
age can also occur which may be perma-
nent. Early symptoms of brain effects
are headaches, lightheadedness, nausea
and a feeling of drunkeness. More se-
rious effects include changes in vi-
sion, speech, poor muscle coordination,
shakes, seizures, fits, coma and death.
* Exposure may also increase risk of
serious, even life-threatening heart
rhythm changes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l ,2-Dichloropropane and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that
Dichioropropane causes cancer in
mnals. It may cause cancer of
liver.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 1.2-Dichioropropane has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Exam of the nervous system.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
cobol may increase the liver damage caused
by 1, 2-Dichioropropane.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Persons with significant liver disease may
be at somewhat increased risk from expo-
sure.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
1,2-
ani -
the
-------
1,2 -DICHLOROPROPANE
page 3 of 5
ubstance is, (2) how much of the sub-
. tance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 1,2-Dichioropropane from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by 1,2-Dichioropropane should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1 ,2-Dichloropropane.
k Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with 1,2-Dichioro-
propane, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted 1,2-Dichioro-
propane, whether or not known skin con-
tact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-
Dichioropropane is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,2-Dichioro-
propane. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 75 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered-air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect 1,2-Dichlo-
ropropane, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 2,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 2,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
-------
1,2 -DICHLOROPROPANE
page 4 of 5
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2-
Dichloropropane you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
* 1,2-Dichioropropane must be stored to
avoid contact with ALUMINUM since vio-
lent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE,
BROMINE and FLUORINE), STRONG ACIDS
(such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and
NITRIC), o-DICHLOROBENZENE and 1, 2-DI-
CHLOROETHANE.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
l,2-Dichloropropane is handled, used,
or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of 1,2-Dichloro-
propane should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs,
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of l,2-Dichloropropane.
* Wherever 1,2-Dichioropropane is used,
handled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
page 5 of 5
> >>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
ommon Name: 1, 2-DICHLOROPROPANE
DOT Number: UN 1279
DOT Emergency Guide code: 27
CAS Number: 78-87-5
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IF L l BILITY
I
3
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IFLAMMABLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,2-Dichioropropane is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Chlorine.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Vapors form flammable mixtures with air
and may travel to a source of ignition
and flash back.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers. Water may be ineffective,
except to blanket fire.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,2-Dichioropropane is spilled
leaked, take the following steps:
or
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep 1,2-Dichioropropane out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2-Dichioropropane as a HAZAR-
DOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironmental Program for specific re-
commendations.
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation for 2 days is rec-
ominended after breathing or substantial
skin overexposure, as some organ damage
may not be obvious immediately.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 40 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 60°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Propane, l,2-Dichloro-
Other Names and Formulations:
Propylene Chloride; Propylene Dichloride
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1, 3-Dichioropropylene
(1 ,3—Dichloropropene)
Chemical Abstract Service * 542-75—6
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 1,3 -DICHLOROPROPENE
CAS Number: 542-75-6 RTK Substance number: 0666
DOT Number: UN 2047 Date: 5/1/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,3-Dichioropropene can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can cause
pain, and dizziness.
cause you to pass out.
* Contact can severely burn the eyes and
skin, with permanent damage.
* High exposures can damage the kidneys,
liver and lungs.
* 1,3-Dichioropropene is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID and a FIRE HAZARD.
DENTIFICATION
,3-Dichloropropene is a straw colored
liquid with a sharp, sweet irritating
odor. It is used as a soil fumigant.
REASON FOR CITATION
* l,3-Dichloropropene is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
ACCIH, DOT, DEP and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLA O(ABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
unde-r- OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for air
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,3-Dichioropropene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,3-
Dichloropropene to potentially exposed
workers.
headaches, chest
High levels can
-------
1, 3-DICHLOROPROPENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to l,3-Dichloropropene:
* A single large exposure to l,3-Dichlo-
ropropene may damage the kidneys, liver
and lungs.
* Exposure can cause headache, chest
pain, dizziness and with higher levels,
loss of consciousness.
* Contact can cause severe eye burns,
with permanent damage. It can also
cause severe skin burns.
* Breathing 1,3-Dichioropropene can irri-
tate the nose and throat. Higher le-
vels can irritate the lungs causing
coughing and/or shortness of breath.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l,3-Dichloropropene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 1,3-
Dichioropropene causes cancer in ani-
mals. It may cause cancer of stomach,
lung and liver cancer. There is also
limited evidence that 1, 3-Dichioropro-
pene causes cancer in humans. Until
further research is done, it should be
handled as a probable carcinogen in hu-
mans.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
-have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is no evidence that l,3-Dichlo-
ropropene adversely affects reproduc-
tion. This is based on test results
presently available to the New Jersey
Department of Health from published
studies.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures can damage the kid-
neys, liver and lungs.
* 1,3-Dichioropropene may cause chronic
headache, chest pain and change in
personality.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Liver function tests.
* Lung function tests.
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, drink-
ing alcohol can increase the liver dam-
age caused by 1,3-Dichioropropene.
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema, and other respiratory problems,
it may worsen respiratory conditions
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
you have smoked for a long time, stop-
ping now will reduce your risk of de-
veloping hea1t h problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
-------
1 ,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
page 3 of 5
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 1,3-Dichioropropene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,3-Dichloropropene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1, 3-Dichloropropene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1,3-Dichloropro-
pene, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted 1,3-Dichioro-
propene, whether or not known skin con-
tact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,3-
Dichloropropene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swaiioweo. ltash—hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,3-Dichloro-
propene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* 1,3-Dichioropropene penetrates rubber
and other materials rapidly. For con-
tinuous exposure, use Neoprene or
equivalent, as recommended by manu-
facturers.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* If exposed to the vapor, wear gas-proof
goggles and face shield, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.1.34.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
1,3 -DICHLOROPROPENE
page 4 of 5
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,3-
Dichloropropene you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
* 1,3-Dichioropropene must be stored to
avoid contact with ALUMINUM or MAGNE-
SIUM COMPOUNDS; SUBSTANCES CONTAINING
FLUORINE, CHLORINE, BROMINE or IODINE;
and ALKALINE or CORROSIVE MATERIALS
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT. Separate outside storage is pre-
ferred.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where 1,3-
Dichioropropene is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of 1,3-Dichioro-
propene should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs,
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of l,3-Dichloropropene.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mieci by -the -length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
> > > > E M E R G E N C Y
t ommon Name: 1,3 -DICHLOROPROPENE
DOT Number: UN 2047
DOT Emergency Guide code: 29
CAS Number: 542-75-6
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFL A MMABILITY
I
3
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IFLAMMABLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: O ”minimal; l=slight;
2 ’moderate; 3 ’serious; 4 severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,3-Dichioropropene is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride.
* Vapors of 1,3-Dichioropropene form ex-
plosive mixtures with air and may tra-
vel to a source of ignition and flash
back.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,3-Dichioropropene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,3-Dichioropropene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 28 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 83°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1, 3-Dichloro-l-Propene
Other Names and Formulations: 1,3-
Dichloropropylene; Tel-one; alpha-
Chioroallyl Chloride; 3-Chloro-allyl
Chloride
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Dich lorvos
Chemical Abstract Service if 62—73—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in ou r kffc Ta aboutthe health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: DICHLORVOS
CAS Number:
62-73-7
RTK Substance number: 0674
DOT
Number:
NA
2783
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Dichiorvos can affect you when breathed
in and quickly enters the body by pass-
ing through the skin. Fatal organo-
phosphate poisoning can occur from skin
contact. It is a highly toxic organo-
phosphate chemical.
* Because this is a MUTACEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause rapid severe poison-
ing with headaches, sweating, nausea
and vomiting, diarrhea, loss of coor-
dination, and death.
* Fatal skin absorption can occur even if
there is no feeling of irritation after
contact.
IDENTIFICATION
Dichlorvos is a colorless to amber liquid
with a mild chemical odor. It is used as
an insecticide.
REASON FOR CITATION
Dichiorvos is on
Substance List because
by OSHA and cited by
and other authorities.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer lo u.
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WOEXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne perinissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 mg/in 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Dichlorvos is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may
have a cancer risk. All contact with
this chemical should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Dichiorvos and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Di-
chlorvos to potentially exposed work-
ers.
the
it is
ACGIH,
Hazardous
regulated
DOT, DEP
-------
DICHLORVOS
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Dichiorvos:
* Exposure to Dichiorvos can cause rapid,
fatal organophosphate poisoning with
headaches, sweating, nausea and vomit-
ing, diarrhea, muscle twitching, and
death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Dichlorvos and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Dichiorvos causes M1JTATIONS (genetic
changes). Such chemicals may have a
cancer or reproductive risk and in
fact, there is limited evidence that
Dichiorvos causes cancer in animals.
It may cause cancer of liver, esopha-
gus, stomach and other types of cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Dichiorvos has been tested
and has not been shown to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High or repeated exposure may damage
the nerves, causing weakness, “pins and
needles”, and poor coordination in arms
and legs.
* Repeated exposure may cause personality
changes of depression, anxiety, or ir-
ritability.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before employment and at regular times af-
ter that, the following are recommended:
* Plasma and red blood cell cholines-
terase levels (tests for the enzyme
poisoned by this chemical). If expo-
sure stops, plasma levels return to
normal in 1-2 weeks while red blood
cell levels may be reduced for 1-3
months.
* When cholinesterase enzyme levels are
reduced by 25% or more below preemploy-
ment levels, risk of poisoning is in-
creased, even if results are in lower
ranges of “normal”. Reassignment to
work not involving organophosphate or
carbamate pesticides is recommended un-
til enzyme levels recover.
If symptoms develop or overexposure oc-
curs, repeat the above tests as soon as
possible and get an exam of the nervous
system.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Persons exposed to other chemicals which
affect body cholinesterase (organophos-
phates, carbamates) may be at increased
risk.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
wayof reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
-------
DICHLORVOS
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Dichlorvos from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure During the Manu-
facture and Formulation of Pesticides
#78-174.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Dichiorvos should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Dichiorvos.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Dichiorvos, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Dichiorvos, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Dichiorvos is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
page 3 of 5
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Dichlorvos.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, re-quirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as de-scribed in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potenti l exists for expo-
sures over 1 mg/m’, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MS}IA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positi’ e pressure mode.
* Exposure to 200 mg/in is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 200
-- g/m’_exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-cont ined S E1Ting apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
-------
DICIILORVOS
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined siace” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
DICHLORVOS
NA 2783
Guide code: 55
62-73-7
INJ DOH Hazard ratinz
IFLA BILITY I 0
IREACTIVITY I 0
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
I I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spLay, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride and Phos-
phoric Acid.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
3PILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Dichiorvos is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Dichlorvos as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately. Shampoo
hair promptly if contaminated.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.032 nun Hg at 90°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name: Phosphoric Acid, 2,2-Di-
chloroechenyl Dimethyl Ester
Other Names and Formulations:
No-Pest Strip; Equigand
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARCE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Dichlorvos you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* Dichiorvos will attack some forms of
plastics, rubber and coatings.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Diethano lamine
Chemical Abstract Service * 111—42—2
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are _____
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: DIETHANOLANINE
CAS
Number:
111-42-2
RTK
Substance number: 0686
DOT
Number:
None
Date
: 1/31/86
HAZARD SU IARY
* Diethanolamine can affect you when
breathed in.
* Contact can irritate and burn the eyes.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
* Diethanolamine can irritate the skin.
* This chemical may cause skin arid lung
allergies.
IDENTIFICATION
Diethanolamine exists as a colorless pow-
der or liquid with a slight ammonia-like
odor. It is used as an absorbent for acid
‘- ses, as a chemical intermediate, and as
etergent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Diethanolamine is on the
Substance List because it is
ACCIH and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 0.27 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 3 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Diethanolamine and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Diethanolamine to potentially exposed
workers.
Hazardous
cited by
-------
DIETHANOLANINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORNATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Diethanolamine:
* Exposure to Diethanolamine can irritate
the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat.
* Contact can burn the eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Diethanolamine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Diethanolamine has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Diethanolamine has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long-Ter]n Effects
* Many closely related chemicals cause
skin and lung allergies. Diethanol-
amine may also have this effect.
* This chemical has not been adequately
evaluated to determine whether brain or
other nerve damage could occur with
repeated exposure. However, many
solvents and other petroleum-based
chemicals have been shown to cause such
damage. Effects may include reduced
memory and concentration, personality
changes (withdrawal, irritability),
fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced
coordination, and/or effects on nerves
supplying internal organs (autonomic
nerves) and/or nerves to the arms and
legs (weakness, “pins and needles”).
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the fol-
lowing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Skin testing with dilute Diethanolainine
may help diagnose allergy if done by a
qualified allergist.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opem
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
-------
DIETHANOLAMINE
page 3 of 5
5ubstance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is re-
commended:
* Where possible, automatically pump li-
quid Diethanolamine from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Diethanolamine should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* On skin contact with Diethanolamine,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Diethanolamine,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted Diethanolamine,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-
ethanolamine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
.iation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Diethanolamine.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufac -
turers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing ma-
terial for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid or dust-proof gog-
gles when working with solids, unless
full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Diethanol-
amine does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sure to Diethanolamine, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved full facepiece respi-
rator with an organic vapor cartridge!
canister and particulate prefilter.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Diethanol-
amine, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator to
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
-------
DIETHANOLkMINE page 4 of 5
* Where the potential for higher of exposure of children or people who
exposures exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH are already ill, community exposures
approved supplied-air respirator with a may cause health problems.
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFI 1 BILITY
I
1
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Diethanolamine may burn, but does not
readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire exposed containers cool
and to disperse vapors.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Diethanolamine is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Diethanolamine as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from OX-
IDIZERS.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taininated skin with water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical
facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: less than or equal to
0.01 mm Hg at 68°F (20°C)
Flash Point: 300°F (149°C)
Water Solubility: Highly soluble
OTHER COI 1ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Ethanol, 2,2 -Iminobis-
Other Names and Formulations:
Diolamine; Iminodiethanol
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Diethanolamine
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
>>>> > >>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
DIETHANOLANINE
None
Guide code: No Citation
111-42-2
-------
HAZARDOUS SU STA CE FACT S 1EET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Di (2-etflylhexyl ) phthalate
(Bis (2-ethyihexyl) phthalate)
Chemical Abstract Service It 117—81—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EP is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences ifl the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sui unary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge iS acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: BIS (2—ETHYLHEXYL)
PHTHALATE
RTK Substance number:
Date: 7/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate can affect
you when breathed in.
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is a CAR-
CINOGEN and a TERATOGEN- -HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* It may damage the testes (male repro-
ductive glands).
IDENTIFICATION
Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is a light-
colored, oily, almost odorless liquid that
s used as a plasticizer.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DEP, and NTP.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour wotk-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift 10 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is a PROB-
ABLE CANCER-CAUSING AGENT, and a TER-
ATOGEN in humans. There may be XIQ safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Bis
(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate to potentially
exposed workers.
I HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
117-81-7
None
0238
-------
BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a sununary source of
information of all potential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure,
concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to
any of the potential effects described
below.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
damage already done are a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Bis (2-Ethyihexyl)
Phtha late:
* Exposure may cause irritation to the
eyes, nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate
and can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is a PROB-
ABLE CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans.
It has been shown to cause liver cancer
in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is a PROB-
ABLE TERATOGEN in humans.
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate may damage
the testes (male reproductive glands).
Other Long—Term Effects
* Repeated exposures may affect the kid-
neys and liver.
* Some similar compounds may cause numb-
ness and tingling in the arms and legs.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Examination of the nervous system.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective than the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the
substance is released into the workplace
and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls
should be in place for highly toxic
chemicals or when significant skin, eye,
or breathing exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate from
drums or other storage containers to
process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* At the end of the workshift, wash any
areas of the body that may have con-
tacted Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Bis
(2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemi-
cal can be swallowed. Wash hands care-
fully before eating or smoking.
-------
BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
page 3 of 5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every
situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Bis (2-Ethyl-
hexyl) Phthalate. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Neoprene and Nitrile
Rubber as good to excellent protective
materials.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the
recommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Bis (2-
Ethyihexyl) Phthalate you should be
trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate must be
stored to avoid contact with OXIDIZING
MATERIALS, such as PERMANGANATES, NI-
TRATES, PEROXIDES, CHLORATES, and PER-
CHLORATES, since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Bis
(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate is used, han-
dled, or stored in a manner that could
create a potential fire or explosion
hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time and
the amount of material to which
someone is exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and
mechanical processes (heating,
pouring, spraying, spills and
evaporation from large surface areas
such as open containers), and
“ confined space” exposures (working
inside vats, reactors, boilers, small
rooms, etc.).
-------
BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE page 4 of 5
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals should be treated as a suspected
human carcinogen unless proven
otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
-------
page 5 of 5
>> >>>> >>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C Y
Common Name: BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL)
PHTHALATE
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 117-81-7
INJ DON Hazard rating
I
FLA}IMABILITY
I NotFound
I
I REACTIVITY
I NotFound
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT
I COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1=slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is a COM-
BUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate may burn,
but does not readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers. Water can be used to keep
fire exposed containers cool.
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.01 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 425°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Bis (2-
Ethylhexyl) Ester
Other Names and Formulations: Disec-
Octyl Phthalate; DOP; DEHP
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate is spilled
or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dLs-
pose of Bis (2-Ethyihexyl) Phthalate as
a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 3)
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Diethyl phthalate
Chemical Abstract Service * 84—66—2
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientif ic gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
RIght to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Diethy]. Phthalate is a colorless, odor-
less, oily liquid with a bitter taste. It
is used as a solvent,as a vehicle for
sticide sprays, and in perfume manufac-
.re.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Diethyl Phthalate is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACCIH.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged ovej an
8-hour workshift 10 mg/rn as
a STEL (short term exposure
limit).
* Diethyl Phthalate may be a teratogen.
All contact with this chemical should
be reduced to the lowest possible
level.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Di-
ethyl Phthalate to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: DIEThYL PHTHALATE
CM NUMBER: 84-66-2
DOT NUMBER: None
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Diethyl Phthalate can affect you when
* Contact may irritate the eyes and skin.
breathed in.
* Repeated exposure may cause nerve dam-
* Diethyl Phthalate should be handled as
age, with pain, numbness, or weakness
a teratogen--with extreme caution.
in the arms and legs.
* Exposure to heated vapors can irritate
the eyes, nose, and throat.
-------
II
Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Diethyl Phthalate:
* Exposure to heated vapors can irritate
the eyes, nose and throat.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
--- to Dietr&yl Phthnlato and can last for
s or years:
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Diethyl
Phthalate is a teratogen in animals.
Until further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible terato-
gen in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Prolonged exposure may affect the ner-
vous system, causing pain and numbness
in the arms and legs.
* A mild decrease in white blood cells
and platelets may occur.
)IEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following are recommended:
* Medical exam of the nervous system
* Complete blood count and differential.
yiv evaluation should include a careful
,ry of past and present symptoms with
xam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Diethy3 . Phthalate from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* On skin contact with Diethy]. Phthalate,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Diethyl Phthalate at the
end of each work day, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-
ethyl Phthalate is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
-------
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Diethyl Phthal-
ate. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommend-
ations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OP R.ESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potenti l exists for expo-
sures over 5 mg/in’, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Diethyl
Phthalate, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. HoW
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
[ L :::
-------
T.’.i::JIT .
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Are pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differen iy than they af-
fect animals, reproductive damage to
animals suggests that similar damage
can occur in humans.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
FIRST AID
* Diethyl Phthalate is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, CC 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Diethyl Phthalate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
and, earth, or a similar material and
posit in sealed containers.
- may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Diethyl Phthalate as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash
contaminated skin with soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Pressure: 14 mm Hg at 163°F
Point: 325°F
Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic
Acid, Diethyl Ester
Other Names: Anozol;
Phthalo].
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Diethyl Phthalate
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as
RMANGANATES, NITRATES, CHLORATES,
. RC}1LORATES, and PEROXIDES).
Not intended to be copied
I \\\ f/f, New Jersey Department of Health
[ \\ i, e- CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
Date prepared: August 1985
Revision: OES- 16
AUG 84
[ Ii 11T7 i1
on Name: DIETHYL PHTHALATE WARNING
DOT Number: None
NFPA Flammability: 1 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
NFPA Reactivity: 0 Health hazards on front page
Vapor
Flash
Water
DEP; Solvano].;
and sold for commercial purposes.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUIBSTA CE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4-DimethylalfliflOaZObeflZefle
Chemical Abstract Service t 60—11—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOnS might
state their concluSiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name :4 -DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene can affect
you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene is a CARCIN-
OGEN- -HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* This chemical may damage the developing
fetus.
* Exposure may irritate the skin. Re-
peated exposure can cause a skin rash.
IDENTIFICATION
4 -Dimethylaminoazobenzene is
crystal (sand- or sugar-like)
iay also exist in a solution.
a chemical analysis.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene is on the RTK
Hazardous Substance List be-cause it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by NTP and
CAC.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT and a MUTA-
GEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* No exposure limits have been set. A
full OSHA standard, 1910.1015, has been
established for this substance.
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene is a PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Establish a regulated area where 4-Di-
methylaminoazobenzene is manufactured,
used or stored as required in the OSHA
standard 1910.1015.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene and
on each exit from a regulated area.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 4-
Diinethylatninoazobenzene to potentially
exposed workers.
CAS
Number:
60-11-7
RTK
Substance number: 0739
DOT
Number:
None
Date: 10/30/86
a yellow,
solid. It
It is used
-------
4- DIMETHYLA}IINOAZOBENZENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all yoteritial and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 4-Ditnethylaminoazoben-
zene:
* The solid or solutions of this chemical
may irritate the skin, causing a rash
or burning feeling on contact.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene is a PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans. It has
been shown to cause liver, bladder,
lung, and skin cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage itt humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
the developing fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may cause
rash.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 4 -Dimethylaminoazobenzene
may damage * Establish a regulated area where 4-Di-
methylaminoazobenzene is manufactured,
used, or stored.
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
a skin uid 4-Dimethylaininoazobenzene from
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Refer
to the OSHA standard 1910.1015 on 4-
Dimethylaminoazobenzene.
-------
4 -DINETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE
page 3 of 5
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4-Dimethylaininoazobenzene.
* On skin contact with 4-Dimethylamino-
azobenzene, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 4-Dimethylaminoazoben-
zene at the end of each workday,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4-
Dimethylaminoazobenzene is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemi-
cal can be swallowed. Wash hands care-
fully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
.,hile, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4-Dimethylami-
noazobenzene. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included with the
recommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet operated in the contin-
uous flow mode. An MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode
is also recommended.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
-------
4-DINETHYLA !INOAZOBENZENE page 4 of 5
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: Do they test animals using much higher
levels of a chemical than people usu-
ally are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone do not cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Are pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals
which harm the developing fetus.
However, chemicals may affect the
ability to have children, so both men
and women of child-bearing age are at
high risk.
-------
> >>>>)‘>>>>)>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name : 4-DIMETHYLAHINOAZOBENZENE
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 60-11-7
- pagesof5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
NJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
INot
Found I
Found I
I
REACTIVITY
ICANCER-CAUSING
AGENT
INot
IDOES NOT BURN
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 4-Ditnethylaminoazobenzene is a non-com-
bustible solid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. 4-Dimeth-
ylaminoazobenzene itself does not burn.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILI S AND EMERGENCIES
If 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene is spilled,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Collect spilled material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers for reclamation or
for disposal in an approved facility.
Liquid containing 4 -Dimethylaminoazo-
benzene should be absorbed in vermi-
culite, dry sand, earth or a similar
material.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4-
Dimethylaminoazobenzene you should be
trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene must be used,
handled, and stored in compliance to
the OSHA standard 1910.1015.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name: Benzeneamine, N,N-
Dimethyl-4- (Phenylazo)-
Other Names and Formulations: Butter
yellow; Methyl yellow; DAB
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT S 1EET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
N ,N-Dimethylaflilifle
Chemical Abstract Service t 121—69—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
COMMON NAME:
DIMETHYLANILINE
CAS NUMBER: 121-69-7 DOT NUMBER: ui 2253
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
Dimethylaniline
breathed in and
It passes very
skin,
can affect you by being
by passing your skin,
readily through the
*
*
Exposure lowers the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen. This can result
in a bluish color to skin and lips,
headache, dizziness, collapse, and even
death.
It may irritate the eyes.
IDENTI FICATION
Dimethylaniline is a brownish liquid with
an irritating odor. It is used in making
dyes and rubber.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Dimethylaniline is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACGIH, DOT, and NFPA.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 10 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for Qj
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THR.ESHOLD — .013 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
ext,osed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Dimethylaniline and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Dimethylaniline to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Diinethylaniline:
* If Dimethylaniline is absorbed through
the skin or breathed in 1 a condition
called Methemoglobinemia results (low-
ered ability of the blood to carry oxy-
gen). This results in a bluish color
to skin and lips (cyanosis), headache,
dizziness and, with higher exposures,
collapse and death.
* Contact may irritate or burn the eyes,
and may irritate the nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Dimethylaniline and can last for
months or years:
* Repeated exposure to Diinethylaniline
may cause the Methemoglobinemia condi-
tion described above to occur gradually
instead of all at once.
MEDICAL TESTING
* A blood test for methemoglobin level
should be done periodically and after
any overexposure or if any symptoms de-
velop.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Dimethylaniline from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Dimethylaniline should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Dimethylaniline.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for eiuer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Dimethylaniline,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Dimethylaniline,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-
methylaniline is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
II:::1I:: ’.::
-------
II
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORI(PLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Dimethylanil-
me. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for
sures over 5 ppm, use an MSHA rIOSfi p-
proved supplied-air respiratot with a
full facepiece operated . the positive
pressure mode or with a tull facepiece,
hood, or helmet in t1_ continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, Sand because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
II
-------
[ r I ii NTT: T’
ninon Name: DINETHYLANILINE
WARNING
DOT Number: UN 2253
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
NFPA Flammability: 2
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: 0
Health hazards on front page
* Dimethylaniline is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers for small fires.
* For large fires use water spray, fog or
foam.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN A FIRE
(including OXIDES of NITROGEN and CAR-
BON MONOXIDE).
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Dimethyaniline is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
+ Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Cover and mix with a 9:1 mixture of
sand and soda ash and deposit in sealed
containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Dimethylaniline as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department or En-
vironmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
* Prior to working with
you should be trained
handling and storage.
* Dimethylaniline must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES,
CHLORATES, and NITRATES), since violent
reactions occur.
FIRST AID
Skin Contact
* Immediately rush under shower. Remove
all clothes, including shoes. Wash
with soap and water. Do not put your
clothes back on. Get medical attention
immediately.
If symptoms develop from skin contact or
breathing:
* Remove clothes and wash as above
* Get medical attention immediately
* If breathing and/or heart have stopped,
begin CPR.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
PHYSICAL DATA
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Vapor Pressure: less than or equal to 1
mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 145°F
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Benzenamine, N,N-Dimethyl-
Other Names: N,N-Dimethylaniline; Versnel-
ler NL 63/10
•
Not intended to be copied
and
sold for commercial purposes.
CII 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
New Jersey Department
of Health
RevisIon:
Date prepared:
August
26
1985
AUG 84
I
I
(
Dimethyaniline
on its proper
-------
HAZARDO
US SUBSTN’ICE FACT SHEET
United
States Environmental Protection
Office of Toxic Substances
Agency
3,3 ‘—DimethylbeflZidifle (Q—Tolidifle)
Chemical Abstract Service * 119—93—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
3,3 ‘-DIMETHYL-
BENZIDINE
119-93-7
None
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine can affect you
when breached in and can rapidly enter
the body through the skin.
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is a CARCINOGEN-
-HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine may affect the
kidneys and bladder.
IDENTIFICATION
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is a white to red
colored crystalline solid (sugar or sand-
like). It is used in making dyes and in
‘ emica1 testing procedures.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is on the Hazar-
dous Substance List because it is cited
by ACGIH, NTP, CAG and NIOSH.
This chemical is on the Special Health
.azard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
NIOSH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.02 mg/ tn , which should
not be exceeded during any 60-
minute work period.
* The above exposure limit is for air
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limit listed above.
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is a PROBABLE
CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen,
so all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 3 • 3’ -Diinethylbenzidine
is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 3,3’-Diinethylbenzidine and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 3,3’-
Dirnethylbenzidine to potentially ex-
posed workers.
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number: 0742
Date:
-------
3 , 3’ -DIHETHYLBENZIDINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine:
* High exposure may irritate the nose and
throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is a PROBABLE
CARCINOGEN in humans. It has been
shown to cause bladder, intestine, skin
and other types of cancer in animals.
* There is increased bladder cancer when
exposure to 33’-Dimethylbenzidine is
combined with exposure to Benzidine (a
known carcinogen) and other Biphenyl
Am.Lnes, such as in the dye industry.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine has
not been tested for its ability to ad-
versely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine may affect the
kidneys and bladder.
Medical Testing
Before employment and every 6 months
thereafter, the following are recommended
to detect bladder cancer at an early
stage:
* Kidney function tests.
* Urine cytology test (a test for abnor-
mal cells in urine).
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are fl a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been Contam-
inated by 3,3’-Diinethylbenzidine should
change into clean clothing promptly.
-------
2,3’ -DINETHYLBENZIDINE
page 3 of 5
Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
3,3’ -Diinethylbenzidine.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 3,3’-Dimethylben-
zidine, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted 3,3’-Dimethyl-
benzidine, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 3,3’-
Dimethylbenzidine is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 3,3’-Dimethyl-
benzidine. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust re1easing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
-------
3,3’-DIMETHYLBENZIDINE page 4 of 5
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for conununity residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-ing
fetus. However, chemicals may af-fect the
ability to have children, so both men and
women of childbearing age are at high
risk.
-------
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFLA M ABIL1TY
I
0
I
I
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; l slighc;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
COMBUSTIBLE SOLID
FIRE HAZARDS
* 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is a COMBUSTIBLE
SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
reconunendat ions.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 3,3’-Dimethylben-
zidine you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
DIRECT LIGHT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine is used, han-
dled, or stored in a manner that could
create a potential fire or explosion
hazard.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 3,3’ -Dimethylbenzidine
is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 185°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: l,l’-Biphenyl-4,4’-
Diamine, 3,3’ -Dimethyl-
Other Names and Formulations:
o-Tolidine; DMB; Fast Dark Blue Base R
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
3,3’ -DIMETHYLBENZIDINE
None
Guide code: No Citation
0742
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZA OUS SUIBSTA CE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Dimethylcarbamyl chloride
(DimethylcarbamOYl chloride)
Chemical Abstract Service * 79—44—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SU STA CE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL
CHLORIDE
RTK Substance number: 0746
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride can affect
you when breathed in.
* Dimethylcarbamoyl. Chloride is a CAR-
CINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can irritate the skin and
eyes.
* Breathing Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride
an irritate the nose, throat and
.ungs.
* Exposure may cause liver damage.
IDENTIFICATION
Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride is
Tt is used in the manufacture
. ides and pharmaceuticals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Dimethylcarbainoy]. Chloride is on the
RTK Hazardous Substance List because it
is cited by ACGIH, IARC, DOT and other
authorities.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
..CINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
finitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* Dimethylcarbainoyl Chloride is a PROB-
ABLE CARCINOGEN, and the ACGIH has not
set a safe exposure level for it.
* There may be !IQ safe level of exposure
to a carcinogen, so all contact should
be reduced to the lowest possible
level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Dimethylcarbamoyl to potentially
exposed workers.
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
79-44-7
UN 2262
a liquid.
of pesti-
-------
DIHET1IYLCARBAMOYL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Dimethylcarbamoyl:
* Exposure, either to vapor or by splash,
can irritate and inflame the eyes,
leading to possible permanent damage.
* Breathing Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride
can irritate the nose, throat and
lungs.
* Contact can irritate the skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Ditnethylcarbamoyl and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride may be a
CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been
shown to cause cancer of the skin, lung
and nose in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride
has not been tested for its ability to
adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Ter n Effects
* Prolonged contact may damage the skin
and eyes.
* Repeated exposure may damage the liver
and lungs.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
* Exposed workers should check their skin
from time to time for new growths,
changes in moles and sores that won’t
heal. In case skin cancer occurs, it is
usually easily cured wh .n treated
promptly.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are x a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
-------
DINETRYLCARBAliOYL
page 3 of 5
3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
omniended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride from
drums or other storage containers to
process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Dimethylcarbainoyl Chloride
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Dimethylcarbamoyl
Chloride, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted Dimethylcarba-
moyl Chloride, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-
methylcarbamoyl Chloride is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemi-
cal can be swallowed. Wash hands care-
fully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Dimethylcar-
bamoyl Chloride. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your oper-
ation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
omnierided respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
I} PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
-------
DIMETHYLCARBANOYL page 4 of 5
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R C E N C Y
Common Name: DINETHYLCARBANOYL
CHLORIDE
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
Foundi
Found I
IFL AMMABILITY
INot
IREACTIVITY
INot
IREACTS WITH WATER
I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: O=minimal; l slight;
2=moderate; 3= ’serious; 4 ’severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride may burn,
but does not readily ignite.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride reacts with
water and produces Hydrogen Chloride
fumes which are TOXIC and CORROSIVE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride is spilled
or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of spills or leaks
until clean-up is complete.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Dimethylcarbamoyl as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride must be
stored to avoid contact with WATER
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED MANES
Chemical Name:
Carbamic Chloride, Dimethyl-
Other Names and Formulations:
N,N-Dimethylcarbamyl Chloride; Dimethyl-
carbamic Acid Chloride
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CM 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
* Prior to working with Dimethylcarbamoyl
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
UN 2262
Guide code: 60
7 9-44-7
-------
HAZARDOUS SU STA CE FACT SHEET
United
States Environmental Protection
Office of Toxic Substances
Agency
Dimethyl phthalate
Chemical Abstract Service * 131—11—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOnS might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUEST
ANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
COMMON NAME:
CAS NUMBER:
DIHETHYL PHTHALA
131-11-3
TE
DOT NUMBER:
None
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
*
Dimethyl Phthalate
breathed in.
Dimethyl Phthalate
a teratogen- -with e
can affect you when
should be handled as
xtreme caution,
* It may lower
females.
* Exposure can
and throat.
fertility in males and
irritate the eyes, nose,
I DENTI Fl CAT! ON
Dimethyl Phthalate is a colorless oily
tquid with a slightly sweet odor. It is
,ed as a plasticizer and solvent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Dimethyl Phthalate is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
be a teratogen.
chemical should
lowest possible
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Di-
methyl Phthalate to potentially exposed
workers.
* Dimethyl Phthalate may
All contact with this
be reduced to the
level.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Dimethyl Phthalate:
* The liquid may irritate the eyes on
contact.
* Exposure to the hot vapor or mist can
irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Dimethyl Phthalate and can last
for months or years:
Reproductive Hazard
* Diinethyl Phthalate is a possible tera-
togen in humans and has been shown to
be a teratogen in animals.
* It may reduce fertility in males and
females.
MEDICAL TESTING
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are i a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Dimethyl Phthalate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Dimethyl Phthalate.
* On skin contact with Dimethyl Phtha-
late, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-
methyl Phthalate is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
-------
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Dimethyl Phtha-
late. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recominen-
dations on .the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 mg/rn 3 , use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
i 1: ii
-------
HANDLING AND STORAGE
COMBUSTIBLE * Prior to working with Dimethyl Phthal-
ate you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Dimethy]. Phthalate must be stored to
avoid contact with NITRATES; STRONG AL-
KALIES such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE, POTAS-
SIUM HYDROXIDE, and LITHIUM HYDROXIDE;
STRONG OXIDIZERS such as CHLORINE,
CHLORINE DIOXIDE, and BROMINE; and
STRONG ACIDS such as SULFURIC ACID, H?-
DROCHLORIC ACID, and NITRIC ACID, since
or violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT or FLAME.
New Jersey Department of Health
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 212°F
Point: 295°F
Solubility: Slightly soluble
rn Name: DIMETHYL PHTHALATE WARNING
DOT Number: None COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
NFPA Flammability: 1 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: 0 Health hazards on front page
FIRE HAZARDS
* Dimethy]. Phthalate is a
LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , or foam exting-
uishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLZ AND EMERGENCIES
If Dimethyl Phthalate is spilled
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* tilate area of spill or leak.
.orb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Dimethyl Phtha].ate as a HAZARD-
OUS WASTE. Contact the Department
of Environmental Protection or
your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
PHYSICAL DATA
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS
AND
FIRES
immediately
call
your
local Fire Department.
Vapor
Flash
Water
OThER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Acid, Dimethyl
Other Names:
dicarboxylate;
1 , 2- BenzenedicarboXyliC
Ester
DMP; Dimethyl-l, 2-benzene-
Methylphthalate
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes .
Date prepared: December 1985
Revision:
CES- 16
AUG 84
-------
HAZARDOUS SU STA CE FACT S 1EET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Dimethyl sulfate
Chemical bstract Service * 77—78—1
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Conununity Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SU3STANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: DIMETHYL SULFATE
GAS
Number:
77-78-1
RTK Substance number: 0768
DOT
Number:
UN
1595
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Dimethyl Sulfate can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Dimethyl Sulfate is a CARCINOGEN- -HAN-
DLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause headaches, dizzi-
ness, and burning of the eyes. Symptoms
not begin until hours after expo-
and can rapidly progress to death.
. Lcact causes severe but delayed burn-
ing of the eyes and skin.
* Overexposure can cause fluid in the
lungs (pulmonary edema), severe eye
damage, and fatal damage to the heart
and liver.
IDENTIFICATION
Dimethyl. Sulfate is a colorless oily liq-
uid with a faint onion odor. It is used
in making other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Dimethyl Sulfate is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and
NFPA.
* ThTs chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTAGEN and is CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURES
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm ppm averaged
over an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Dimethyl Sulfate is a PROBABLE CARCINO-
GEN in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Dimethyl Sulfate is
handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Dimethyl Sulfate and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. As part of an ongoing
education and training effort, communi-
cate all information on the health and
safety hazards of Dimethyl Sulfate to
potentially exposed workers.
-------
DINETHYL SULFATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Dimethyl Sulfate:
* The first symptoms after exposure are
headaches, dizziness and burning of the
eyes. These may not occur until hours
later. These symptoms can go rapidly
to chest tightness, cough, trouble
breaching, a dangerous fluid build-up
in the lungs (pulmonary edema) with se-
vere shortness of breath and death.
* Contact can severely burn the eyes,
causing permanent damage with loss of
vision. It can burn and blister the
skin, leaving scars. These effects can
be delayed for hours.
* Severe burning when passing urine, loss
of voice and irritation of the nose and
throat also can occur with exposure.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Dimethyl Sulfate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Dimethyl Sulfate is a PROBABLE CARCINO-
GEN in humans. There is some evidence
that it causes nose and throat cancer
in humans and it has been shown to
cause nose and throat cancer in ani-
mals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Dimethyl Sulfate has caused CANCER in
the offspring of animals exposed during
pregnancy.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Dimethyl Sulfate can irritate the
lungs. Repeated exposures may cause
bronchitis to develop, with coughing,
phlegm and/or shortness of breath.
* Dimethyl Sulfate may damage the liver,
kidneys and heart.
* Long-term exposure may cause thronic
eye damage (corneal scars).
* Repeated exposure may cause hair loss.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
mended:
* Liver and lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure oc-
curs, repeat the above and:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is to enclose operations and/or pro-
vide local exhaust ventilation at the site
of chemical release. Isolating operations
can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
-------
DIMETHYL SULFATE
page 3 of 5
3ffective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Diinethyl Sulfate from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been conta-
minated by Dimethyl Sulfate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Dimethyl Sulfate.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Dimethyl Sulfate at the
end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Dime-
thy]. Sulfate is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
3ome jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Dimethyl Sul-
fate. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean.
available each day and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends viton as fair to ex-
cellent protective material.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, re-quirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing and
medical exams, as de-scribed in OSHA
1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet oper-
ated in the continuous flow mode. A
MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained
breathing apparatus with a full face-
piece operated in pressure-demand or
other positive pressure mode is also
recommended.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Dimethyl Sulfate
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Dimethyl Sulfate is
handled, used, or stored.
* Dimethyl Sulfate must be stored to
avoid contact with WATER, STRONG OXIDI-
ZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE and
-------
DINETHYL SULFATE
FLUORINE) and STRONG AMMONIA SOLUTIONS,
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT or FLAME. Do not allow this chem-
ical to contact water.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Ditnethyl Sulfate is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
t-ions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
page 4 of 5
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFIA BILITY
2
I
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE
IN
FIRE
I
POISONOUS GAS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Dimethyl Sulfate is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Dimethyl Sulfate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in -vermiccilite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Dimethy]. Sulfate as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<(<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical faci-
1 i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.5 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 182°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid, Dimethyl
Ester
Other Names and Formulations:
Methyl Sulfate; DMS
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
DIMETHYL SULFATE
UN 1595
Guide code: 57
77-78-1
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SU STA CE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4, 6—Dinitro—Q—CreSOl
Chemical Abstract Service * 534—52—1
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic ReJeaSe Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about wor-kplace-, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SU STA CE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 4,6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL
RTK Substance number:
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin. Toxic levels are readily
absorbed through the skin without any
sense of irritation.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may cause muta-
tions. Handle with extreme caution.
* Exposure can cause restlessness, head-
aches, stomach pain, sweating, fast
heartbeat and nausea. Higher levels
can cause fever, trouble breathing,
coma and death.
* Repeated exposures can cause restless-
ness, anxiety, trouble sleeping, sweat-
ing, cataracts in the eyes and may dam-
age the liver, kidneys and blood cells.
DENTIFICATION
46-Dinitro-o-Cresol is a yellow, crys-
talline (sugar-like) odorless solid that
may be used in solutions. It is used to
kill weeds and insects.
REASON FOR CITATION
-. 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is on the Haz-
ardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DOT, NIOSH and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude colecting personal and area air
samp 1 lou can obtain copies of sam-
p11 r. ults from your employer. You
have egal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORICPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.2 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.2 mg/rn 3 averaged over
a 10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.2 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may cause muta-
tions. All contact with this chemical
should be reduced to the lowest pos-
sible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 4,6-
Dinitro-o-Cresol to potentially exposed
workers.
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
534-52-1
UN 1598
0779
-------
4 ,6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol:
* Exposure, by breathing or skin contact,
can cause nausea, stomach pain, rest-
lessness, sweating and rapid breathing
and heartbeat. Higher levels can cause
fever, coma and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may cause muta-
tions (genetic changes) in living
cells. Whether or not it poses a cancer
or reproductive hazard needs further
study.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 46-
Dinitro-o-Cresol may decrease fertility
in males.
Other Long-Teri i Effects
* Repeated exposure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol can cause fatigue, restlessness,
anxiety, excessive sweating, unusual
thirst, and weight loss.
* Cataracts may result from breathing the
chemical or through skin or eyes con-
tact.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may stain the
skin, eyes and fingernails yellow.
* Exposure may damage the liver, kidneys
and blood cells.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment, at regular
times after that and if symptoms develop
or overexposure has occurred, the follow-
ing may be useful:
* Exam of eyes for cataracts.
* Exam of skin and nails for staining.
* Blood tests for 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol.
Persons with blood levels over 10 ppm
(10 mg/Liter) should be kept away from
further exposure until levels return to
normal.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Ccmplete blood count.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
-------
4, 6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL
* Where possible, automatically transfer
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOS}1.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol # 78-131.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4, 6-Dinitro-o-Cresol.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have had contact with this
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,6-
Dinitro-o-Cresol is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
page 3 of 5
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends SARANEX, Natural Rub-
ber, Neoprene and Chlorinated Polyethy-
lene as providing good to excellent
protections.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 0.2 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full face piece respirator
with a high efficiency particulate fil-
ter. Greater protection is provided by
a powered-air purifying respirator.
Particulate filters must be checked
every day before work for physical dam-
age, such as rips or tears, and re-
placed as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise det ct 4,6-Dinitro-
o-Cresol, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or can-
ister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemica] s.
* Exposure to 5 mg/rn is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
-------
4,6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL
page 4 of 5
sibility of exposures above 5 mg/rn 3 ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as BROMINE, CHLORINE, CHLORINE
DIOXIDE and NITRATES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is used, handled,
or stored in a manner that could create
a potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol.
* Wherever 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is used,
handled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are
from chemicals that
ing fetus. However,
fect the ability to
both men and women
age are at high risk.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
risk from re-
at greatest risk
harm the develop-
chemicals may af-
have children, so
of child bearing
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>)>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: 4,6-DINITRO-o-CRESOL
DOT Number: UN 1598
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 534-52-1
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFLAMMABILITY
INot
Foundi
IREACTIVITY
INot
Found
I
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: O minima1; 1 s1ight;
2 moderate; 3=serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is a COMBUSTIBLE
SOLID. The dust can explode.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of spills or leaks
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 46-Dinitro-o-Cresol as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the NJ Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection (DEP)
or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 46-Dinitro-o-Cresol as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORJIATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* If high fever is present, drench vic-
tim’s clothes in cool water, or immerse
person in cool bath before transfer.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.00005 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzene, Chlorodinitro -
Other Names and Formulations: —
DNOC; Dinitro-o-Cresol; DNC; 3,5-Dinitro-
2 -Hydroxytoluene; Nitrador
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
AZA DOUS SU STANCE FACT S 1EET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2, 4-Dinitrotoluene
Chemical lthstract Service * 121—14-2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. AS
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 2, 4-DINITROTOLIJENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
121- 14-2
UN 2038/UN 1600
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
0783
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2,4-Dinitrotoluene can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* It should be handled as a CARCINOGEN- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen (methemo-
globinem.La) causing headaches, fatigue,
dizziness, and blue color of the skin.
* Repeated or prolonged exposure can
cause low blood count and liver damage.
* Contact with molten 2,4—Dinitrotoluene
or hot fumes can cause severe skin and
eye burns.
* 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is a HIGHLY REACTIVE
CHEMICAL and is a DANGEROUS EXPLOSION
HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
2, 4-Dinitrotoluene
line solid often
state. It is used
explosives.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is on the RTK
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DOT and DEP.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTAGEN, and is REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 1.5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1.5 mg/rn 3 averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* 2,4-Dinitrotoluene may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans. There may be safe level
of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene to potentially exposed
workers.
is a yellow crystal-
found in the molten
in making plastics and
-------
2, 4-DINITROTOLUENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all iotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance arid other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 2,4-Dinitrotoluene:
molten 2 ,4-Dinitrotoluene
can cause severe skin and
Permanent eye damage may
* Contact with
or hot fumes
eye burns.
result.
* Exposure can interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen (methemo-
globinemia). This can cause symptoms
of weakness, dizziness, headaches, and
blue coloration of the lips and nose.
* Higher exposures can cause nausea, vom-
iting, and fatigue, followed by short-
ness of breath, rapid or irregular
heartbeat, unconsciousness, and death.
The onset of these symptoms may be de-
layed for several hours after exposure.
These symptoms can occur from skin con-
tact.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 2,4-Dinitrotoluene may be a CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans since it has
been shown to cause liver cancer in an-
imals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing re-
productive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Terin Effects
* 2,4-Dthitrotoluene can damage
liver.
* Repeated or prolonged exposures
cause low blood count (anemia).
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and
times after that, the following
mended:
* Complete blood count.
* Urinary Dinitrotoluerie level.
* Liver function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be uc;eful:
* Methemoglobin level.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Drinking alcohol (wine, liquor, or
beer) can make the effects of overexpo-
sure to 2,4-Dinitrotoluene worse.
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, drink-
ing alcohol can increase the liver dam-
age caused by 2,4-Dirtitrotoluene.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
the
may
at regular
are recom-
-------
2 ,4-DINITROTOLTJENE
page 3 of 5
substance is, (2) how much of the
substance is released into the workplace
and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls
should be in place for highly toxic
chemicals or when significant skin, eye,
or breathing exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
2,4-Dinitrotoluene from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
onmiended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Current Intelligence Bulletin #44, Di-
nitrotoluenes (Publication #85-109).
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
2,4-Dinitrotoluene from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Current Intelligence Bulletin #44, Di-
nitrotoluenes (Publication #85-109).
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 2,4-Dinitrotoluene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
2 , 4-Dinitrotoluene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 2,4-Dinitrotolu-
ene, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for cleanup. Use a
vacuum. A high-efficiency particulate
absolute (HEPA) filter should be used,
not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2,4-Dinitro-
toluene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommend-
ations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* NIOSH recommends Butyl Rubber as a pro-
tective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear gas-proof goggles and a face
shield when working with molten 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene.
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 1.5 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
-------
2,4- DINITROTOLUENE
page 4 of 5
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 200 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 200
mg/rn 3 exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2,4-
Dthitrotoluene you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* 2,4-Dinitrotoluene must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS,
such as CHLORINE, CHLORINE DIOXIDE,
BROMINE, NITRATES, and PERNANCANATES;
CAUSTICS, such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE and
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE; and CHEMICALLY AC-
TIVE METALS, such as TIN or ZINC, since
violent reactions occur. Contact with
STRONG OXIDIZERS can cause fire or ex-
plosions. Also, striking it or drop-
ping it may cause detonation and explo-
sion.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT (temperatures above 482°F).
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene.
* Wherever 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is used,
handled, manufactured, or stored, —use
explos ion- proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people fri the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY
I 1
REACTIVITY
I 3
I COMBUSTIBLE/REACTIVE
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Molten 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is COMBUS-
TIBLE. It may burn, but does not read-
ily ignite.
* Use extreme caution when fighting a
fire, since 2,4-Dinitrotoluene could
explode.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , or water spray
extinguishers. If the fire is ad-
vanced, evacuate the area.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is spilled, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene as a HAZAR-
DOUS WASTE. Contact your State
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 404°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Benzene, 1-Methyl-2,4-
Dinitro-
Other Names and Formulations: 2,4-
DNT; DNT; Dinitrotoluol; NCI-C01865
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>. >>>>>>>>>>)>>)‘> E N E R G E N C Y
common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
2, 4-DINITROTOLUENE
UN 2038/UN 1600
Guide code: 56/56
121-14-2
-------
HAZARDOUS SU 3TANCE FACT S -FEiET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
-Diocty1 phthalate
Chemical Abstract Service * 117—84—0
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
su.nunaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOnS might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Heaith Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Di-n-Octyl Phthalate can affect you
when breathed in and may enter the body
through the skin.
* Eye contact may cause irritation.
* Repeated skin contact may cause dry-
ness, cracking and rash.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
nose, throat and bronchial tubes. High
exposure levels can irritate the lungs
and, if prolonged, could cause death.
* High or repeated overexposure could af-
fect the liver or kidneys.
IDENTIFICATION
‘)i-n-Octyl Phthalate is a colorless, oily
iquid. It is used as a plasticizer in
plastic products manufacture.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Di-n-Octyl Phthalate is on the Hazar-
dous Substance List because it is cited
by DEP and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Di-n-Octyl Phthalate.
This does not mean that this substance is
not harmful. Safe work practices should
always be followed.
It should be recognized that Di-n-Octyl
Phthalate can be absorbed through your
skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Di-n-Octyl Phthalate and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Di-n-
Octyl Phthalate to potentially exposed
workers. - —
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
DI-n-OCTYL
PHTHALATE
117-84-0
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
0787
-------
DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE
page 2 of 5
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long rime, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also re Iuce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Di-n-Octyl Phthalate:
* Eye contact may cause irritation.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
nose, throat and bronchial tubes.
Higher levels can irritate the lungs,
causing damage. Prolonged overexposure
could cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Di-n-Octyl Phthalate and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Di-n-Octyl Phthalate has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Di-n-
Octyl Phthalate is a teratogen in ani-
mals. Until further testing has been
done, it should be treated as a possi-
ble teratogen in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated skin contact could cause dry-
ness, cracking and rash.
* Repeated high exposures may damage the
kidneys and liver.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether Di-
n-Octyl Phthalate causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
-------
DI-n-OCTYL PUTHALATE
page 3 of 5
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Di-n-Octyl Phthalate from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Di-n-Octy]. Phthalate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Di-n-Octyl Phthalate.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Di-n-Octyl Phthalate at
the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Di-n-
Octyl Phthalate is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Di-n-Octyl
Phthalate. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recominenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Butyl rubber, Nitrile
rubber and Viton as a protective mate-
rial.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, re-quirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as de-scribed in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Di-n-Octyl
Phthalate does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures to Di-n-Octyl Phthalate, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respi-
rator with a full facepiece operated in
the positive pressure mode or with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece oper-
ated in pressure-demand or other posi-
tive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Di-n-Octyl Phtha-
late you should be trained on its pro-
per handling and storage. -
* Di-n-Octyl Phthalate must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUO-
RINE) and STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDRO-
CHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) and AL-
KAHALIDES since violent reactions
occur.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
-------
DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE page 4 of 5
Q: Can I get long-term effects without gests that similar damage can occur in
ever having short-term effects? humans.
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
-------
I
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
1 I
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1 .s1ight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Di-n-Octyl. Phthalate is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Di-n-Octyl Phthalate as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES
immediately
call
your
local fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A P I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Less than 0.2 mm Hg at
302°F
Flash Point: 420°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic
Acid, Dioctyl Ester
Other Names and Formulations:
Phthalic Acid, Dioctyl Ester; DNOP;
Cellulex DOP; Dinopol NOP
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE
None
Guide code: No Citation
117-84-0
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1 ,4—Dioxane
Chemical Abstract Service t 123—91—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United Stales
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: l,4—DIOXANE
GAS
Number:
123-91-1
RTK
Substance number: 0789
DOT
Number:
UN
1165
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,4-Dioxane can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* I.,4-Dioxane is a CARCINOGEN--HANDLE
WITh EXTREME CAUTION.
* Higher levels can cause you to feel
lightheaded, dizzy and even to pass
out. Irritation of the nose, throat
and air passages may be noticed.
* High or repeated overexposure can cause
upset stomach and serious liver and
kidney damage. This can cause death.
* 1,4-Dioxane is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a
FIRE HAZARD.
)ENTIFICATION
.4-Dioxane is a colorless liquid with a
mild ether-like odor. It is used as a
solvent and in textile processing, print-
ing processes and detergent preparations.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,4-Dioxane is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH,
IARC, NTP, CAC and DEP.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSMA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR ThRESHOLD — 24 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEt) is 100 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1.0 ppm, which should
not be exceeded during any 30
minute period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 25 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* ].,4-Dioxane is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where ].,4-Dioxane is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,4-Dioxane and at the end of
the workshift.
-------
1 ,4-Dioxane
page 2 of 5
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,4-
Dioxane to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
* Eye contact may cause irritation.
* Higher vapor exposure can cause you to
feel dizzy, lightheaded and even to
pass out. You may notice irritation
of the nose and throat, headaches or
upset stomach.
* High exposure can cause serious kidney
or liver damage. Death can result.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 1,4-Dioxane and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 1,4-Dioxane is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. It has been shown to cause li-
ver, nasal cavity and gall bladder can-
cer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 1,4-Dioxane has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
* Repeated exposures can lead to serious
kidney and liver damage. Symptoms are
often not noticed early, although some
persons experience poor appetite, upset
stomach and tenderness in the abdomen.
* Repeated skin contact can cause dryness
and, increased exposure through the
skin.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
cohol may increase the liver damage caused
by 1,4-Dioxane.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The, best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance. is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1,4-Dioxane:
* Liver function, tests.
* Kidney function tests,
tine urine test.
including rou-
Other Long—Term Effects
-------
1, 4-Dioxane
page 3 of 5
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 1 ,4-Dioxane from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
1,4-Dioxane #77-226.
* Before entering a confined space where
1,4-Dioxane may be present, check to
make sure that an explosive concentra-
tion does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,4-Dioxane should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
I. ,4-Dioxane.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1,4-Dioxane, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 1,4-Dioxane, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,4-
Dioxane is handled, processed, or stor-
ed, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,4-Dioxane.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
* ACCIH recommends Butyl rubber as a pro-
tective material.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, re-quirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as de-scribed in OSHA
1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,4-Dioxane you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where l,4-Dioxane is handled,
used, or stored.
* 1,4-Dioxane must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) since
violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
-------
1 ,4-Dioxane
page 4 of 5
1,4-Dioxane is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of 1,4-Dioxane
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs and flame
arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of 1,4-Dioxane.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
1, 4-DIOXANE
UN 1165
Guide code: 26
123-91-1
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFLA MMABILITY
I
3
IREACTIVITY
I
1
I FLAMMABLE LIQUID
ICARCINOGEN
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: O—m.Lnimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4 severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,4-Dioxane is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
3PILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,4-Dioxane is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep 1 ,4-Dioxane out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,4-Dioxane as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity. Consider 24 hour observation af-
ter vapor overexposure.
PHYSICAL DATA
OTHER COMMONLY USED IThXES
1 ,4-Diethylenedioxide; Diethylene Ether;
Di(Ethylene Oxide); Dioxyethylene Ether;
Tetrahydro-1 ,4-Dioxin
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
Vapor
Flash
Water
Pressure: 29 mm Hg at 68°F
Point: 54°F
Solubi].ity: Miscible
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Epichlorohydrifl
Chemical Abstract Service * 106—89—8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
state of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: EPICHLOROHYDRIN
CAS
Number:
106-89-8
RTK
Substance number: 0828
DOT
Number:
UN
2023
Date: 9/8/87
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Epichlorohydrin can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Epichiorohydrin is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Epich].orohydrin may decrease fertility
in males.
* Skin or eye contact can cause burns.
* The vapor strongly irritates the eyes,
nose and lungs. Higher exposure can
cause a fluid build-up in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* High or repeated exposure may damage
the lungs, liver or kidney.
* Epichiorohydrin is a REACTIVE CHEMICAL
and is an EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Epichiorohydrin is a colorless liquid with
an irritating chloroform like odor. It is
used to make epoxy and phenoxy solvents,
r.d in curing propylene based rubber.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Epichiorohydrin is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH,
IARC, DEP, NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a NUTAGEN and is REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5.0 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: Recommends that occupational ex-
posures be minimized.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2.0 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Epichiorohydrin is a PROBABLE CARCINO-
GEN in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Epichlorohydrin is han-
dled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Epichlorohydrin and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Epichiorohydrin to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
EPICHLOROHYDRIN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all potential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure, concen-
tration of the substance and other factors
will affect your susceptibility to any of
the potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFOR}IATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Epichiorohydrin:
* Eye contact with the liquid can cause
severe irritation or burns with possi-
ble permanent damage.
* Skin contact with the liquid can cause
blistering and severe pain which may be
delayed for minutes or hours after con-
tact.
* The vapor is highly irritating to the
eyes, nose, throat, bronchial tubes and
lungs. Higher exposures could cause a
chemical “burn” in the lungs (pneumo-
nitis) or dangerous fluid build-up in
the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Epichiorohydrin and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Epichlorohydrin is a PROBABLE CARCINO-
GEN in humans. There is some evidence
that it causes lung cancer in humans
and it has been shown to cause stomach,
skin and nasal cavity cancer in ani-
mals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Epichiorohydrin may decrease fertility
in males. It is unclear at this time
if this is a reversible condition.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure may cause a skin allergy to
develop, with rash and itching. If
this happens, even low future exposure
could trigger a rash. (Blistering af-
ter direct contact does not mean al-
lergy is present.)
* Repeated overexposure could cause lung
damage and may also damage the kidneys
or liver.
* Lung allergy (asthma) with wheezing,
cough and chest tightness may develop.
If this happens, even low future expo-
sures could trigger symptoms.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure. Request copies of
your medical testing. You have a legal
right to this information under OSHA
1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
-------
EPICHLOROHYDRIN
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Epichiorohydrin from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Epichiorohydrin #76-206.
* Before entering a confined space where
Epich].orohydrin may be present, check
to make sure that an explosive concen-
tration does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Epichiorohydrin should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Epichiorohydrin.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Epichiorohydrin,
immediately wash or shower to remove
page 3 of 5
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Epichlorohydrin,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Epi-
chiorohydrin is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Epichlorohy-
drin. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Sutyl Rubber as a pro-
tective material.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protect ion
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At y exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
-------
EPICHLOROHYDRIN
page 4 of 5
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Epichlorohydrin
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Epichiorohydrin must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE), STRONG
ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC,
and NITRIC) and CHEMICALLY ACTIVE ME-
TALS (such as ALUMINUM, CAUSTICS, CHLO-
RIDES of IRON and ALUMINUM and ZINC)
since violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Epichlorohydrin is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Epichlorohydrin
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Epichiorohydrin.
* Wherever Epichlox ohydrin is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Epichiorohydrin is han-
dled, used, or stored.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: EPICHLOROHYDRIN
DOT Number: UN 2023
DOT Emergency Guide code: 30
CAS Number: 1.06-89-8
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLA}DIABILITY
3
I
I
REACTIVITY
I
2
POISONOUS GASES
PRODUCED
IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1.. ’s1ighc;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Epichiorohydrin is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Phosgene, Hydrogen Chloride
and Carbon Monoxide.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. Vapors
may travel to a source of ignition and
flash back.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
3PILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Epichiorohydrin is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Epichiorohydrin out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Epich].orohydrin as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention iminediate].y.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 13 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 100°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Oxirane, Chloromethyl-
Other Names and Formulations: l-Chloro-
2,3-Epoxy Propone; (Chloromethyl) Ethylene
Oxide; Chloropropylene Oxide; Ech;
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-EthoxyetharlO 1
Chemical Abstract Service t 110—80—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME: 2.ETHOXTETHANOL
CAS NUMBER: 110-80-5
•
DOT NUMBER: u. n
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2-EthoxyethanOl .can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure may .affect blood causing
a low blood count (anemia).
* It can irritate the eyes, nose and
throat. High levels may cause you Co
* 2-EthoxyethanO]. should be handled as a
teratogen- -with extreme caution.
* It may damage the testes, resulting in
feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass
out.
*
damage the kidneys.
decreased fertility.
Exposure may
IDENTIFICATION
2-EthoxyethaflOl is a colorless liquid
with a mild, sweetish odor. It is widely
used as a solvent and as an anti-icing
additive in brake fluids and aviation and
automobile fuels.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2-Ethoxyethaflo]. is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated byOSflA, and cited by ACGIH,
DOT, and other authorities.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACEEXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 200 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
airborne exposure
averaged over an
* 2-EthoxyethaflOl may be a ceracogen. All
contact with this chemical should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure Limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. Thia. may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you.have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. •If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to re-
cognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 2.7 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warnina of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 2-Ethoxyethano]..
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 2-
EthoxyethaflO]. to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health . Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
ACGIH: The recommended
limit is 5 ppm
8-hour workshift.
-------
us Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
rmation for workers, employers, and corn-
inity residents. Health professionals may
iso find it useful. If this substance i
art of a mixture, this Fact Sheet should
e used along with the manufactUrer .SuP
lied Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
EALTR RAZABD INTORX&TION
cute Health Effects
he following acute (short..ternl) health
ffects may occur immediately or shortly
fter exposure to 2 EthoxyethanO1:
Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat. Very high levels may cause
you to feel dizzy 1 lightheaded, and to
pass out.
Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
hronic Health Effects
he following chronic (long-term) health
ffects can occur at some time after expo-
ure to 2-Ethoxyathaflol and can last for
onths or years:
eproductive Hazard
2 -EthoxyethaflOl. is a possible teratogen
in humans and has been shown to be a
teratogen in animals.
2-EthoxyethaXZOL may d.rn age the testes
(male reproductive glands) and decrease
fertility in male.s.
ther Long-Term Effects
Exposure may damage blood cells, caus-
ing a low blood count (anemia).
2-EthoxyethanOl may damage the kidneys.
EDICAL TESTING
or those with frequent or potentially
igh exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
.ignificant skin contact) the following
.re recommended before beginning work and
.c regular times after that:
Complete blood count
f symptoms develop or overexposure
uspected, the following may be useful:
Kidney function tests.
is
,ny evaluation should include a careful
istory of past and present symptoms with
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls sho fldbe in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 2-Ethoxyethanol from dnuns or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH Current Intelligence
Bulletin • 39 and criteria document: 2-
Ethoxyethanol # 83-112.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 2-Ethoxyethanol should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
-------
informed of the hazards of exposure to
2-EthoxyethanOl.
* On skin contact with 2 EthoxyethaflOl,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted 2-Ethoxyeth&flOl,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-
EthoxyethaflOl. is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2-Ethoxyetha-
no].. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturer,.s -c n provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2 EthoxyethanOl
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* 2-EthoxyethanOl must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS, such as
NITRATES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORINE, BRO-
MINE, or CHLORINE DIOXIDE, since vio-
lent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where 2-
EthoxyathanOl is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or ex osion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result, from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are. my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust re1easin onera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhvsical and me -
-------
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” expo-
sure (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lover than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system dam*ge?
Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage s erm and eg i , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals whtch harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the abilLtv to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
hANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
* 2-EthoxyethaflOl is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAT EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* Use dry chemical. CO 2 . or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2-EthoxyethaflOl is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep 2 -EthoxyetliaflOl out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 2 -Ethoxyethanol as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 15 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfe.r promptly to a medical facil-
icy.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 4 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: l20°V
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethanol,2-Ethoxy
Other Names: Cellosolve; Ethylene Glycol
Monoethyl Ether; Dowanol EE
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Not intended to be copied
CM 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
New Jersey Departmen
and
sold for commercial purposes.
t of Health
Rsvlslon
Dots prepared:
October
CC3. 15
1985
ALES
I
1
Common Name: 2-ETBOXTETHANOL
EMERGENCY I NFORMATIO
DOT Number: UN 1171
NFPA Flammability: 2
NFPA Reactivity: 0
WARNING
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINE S MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Ethyl acrylate
Chemical Abstract Service t 140—88—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their COnClUSiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular c3 emicalS according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very iseful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
ETHYL ACRYL? TE
RTh Substance number: 0843
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD S!fl*LARY
* Ethyl Acrylate can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Ethyl Acrylate can irritate the eyes.
skin, nose, throat and lungs.
* Breathing very high levels of Ethyl
Acrylate can cause dizziness, diffi-
culty breathing and even death.
* Contact may cause a skin allergy.
* Ethyl Acrylate is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE
and REACTIVE CHEMICAL and is a DANGER-
OUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD. It can
react with oxidizers, strong alkalies
and moisture to cause fires and explo-
sions. It can react by itself if it is
not inhibited, releasing much heat.
IDENTIFICATION
Ethyl Acryl.ate is a colorless liquid with
a sharp odor. I.i is used in the making of
acrylic resii s, plastics, rubber and
denture materials.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Ethyl Acrylate is on the RTI(
Substance List because it is
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.0012 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warTimE of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 25 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Ethyl Acrylate and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Ethyl
Acrylate to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Cont nts prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
140-88-5
UN 1917
ACGIH: The recommended
limit is 5 ppm
8-hour workshift
STEL (short term
airborne exposure
averaged over an
and 25 ppm as a
exposure limit).
Hazardous
regulated
DOT and
-------
ETHYL ACRYLAT!
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
* Repeated exposures to Ethyl Acrylate
may damage the lining of the nose.
* Repeated exposures to Ethyl Acrylate
can cause drying and cracking of the
skin.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Ethyl. Acryl.ata causes lung damage.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
HEDI CAL
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur i=nediately or shortly
after exposure to Ethyl Acrylate:
* Ethyl Acry] .ate may irritate the skin,
causing a rash or a burning feeling on
contact.
* It can irritate and may damage the eyes
on contact.
* Breathing Ethyl. Acrylate can irritate
the nose and throat.
* Ethyl Acrylate may irritate the lungs,
causing coughing and/or shortness of
breath. Higher exposures can cause a
build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmo-
nary edema). Very high levels of Ethyl.
Acry].ate can cause dizziness, diff i-
culty breathing and even death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occpr.at some time after expo-
sure to Ethyl Acrylate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Ethyl Acrylate has been
tested and has not been shown to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Ethyl. Acrylate has been
tested and has not been shown to adver-
sely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Ethyl Acrylate may cause a skin al-
lergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the fol-
lowing are recommet ded:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure
suspected, the following may be useful:
is
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a 1es toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
-------
ETHYL ACRYL&TE
page 3 of 5
ations can also redude exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (I.) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could oc ur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Ethyl Acrylate from dnims or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Ethyl Acrylate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Ethyl. Acrylate.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Ethyl Acrylate im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have had contact with this chemical,
whether or not known contact has oc-
curred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ethyl
Acrylate is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Ethyl Acrylate.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
faceshield when working with the liquid
and gas-proof goggles if the vapor is
causing eye irritation.
Respiratory Protection
I fPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Ethyl Acry-
late, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
-------
ETHYL ACRYLATE
page 4 of 5
* Exposure to 2,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 2,000
ppm exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Ethyl Acrylate
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Ethyl Acrylate must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PEROX-
IDES, PERCHLORATES, CHLORATES, NI-
TRATES and PERMANCANATES), STRONG ALKA-
LIES (such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE and P0-
TASSIUM HYDROXIDE) and MOISTURE, since
violent reactions occur.
* Score in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT. Heat can cause Ethyl Acrylate Co
react by itself. If this takes place
in a closed container, an explosion
could occur. Ethyl Acrylate usually
contains an inhibitor such as Hydro-
qu.Lnone or its Methyl Ether to prevent
a self-reaction. If it does not con-
tain an inhibitor, the reaction may oc-
cur without the application of heat.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Ethyl Acryla.te.-is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Ethyl Acrylate
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing val-
ves, pressure vacuum bungs and flame
arresters.
* Use only non-sparking cools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Ethyl Acrylate.
* Wherever Ethyl Acrylate is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinE opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohvsical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lover than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ETHYL ACRYLATE
UN 1917
Guide code: 26
140-88-5
INJ DOH Hazard ratina
IF! &BILITY
I
3
REACTIVITY
I
2
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE
VAPORS MAY CAUSE EXPLOSION
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Ethyl Acrylate is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers. Water can be used to keep
fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
flashback or travel a distance to cause
a fire or explosion far from the
source.
* Vapor forms EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE WITH AIR.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND t1 iERGENCIES
If Ethyl Acrylate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Ethyl Acrylate out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Ethyl Acry].ate as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORKATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally Lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with large amounts of
soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 29.5 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 48°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic Acid, Ethyl
Ester
Other Names and Formulations: Ethyl
Propenoate; Acrylic Acid Ethyl Ester;
Ethyl 2- Propenoate; Ethoxycarbonylethylene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire
department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Ethylene
Chemical Abstract Service * 74—85—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRO MENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Tile Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular..c2lelTticalS according to potential exposures. However,
we belie ’e these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very.useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops——are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
ETHYLENE
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
74-85-1
UN 1962/UN 1038
RTK Substance number:
Date: 1/31/86
0873
F 4 AZ P 4 D SUMMARY
* Ethylene gas can affect you when
breathed in.
* Ethylene gas is HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and
EXPLOSIVE. This is the major hazard of
Ethylene exposure.
* Exposure to the gas can cause you to
feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass
out.
* Contact with liquid Ethylene could
cause frostbite.
* Ethylene may cause su.ffocation. Exces-
sive amounts in the in an enclosed
space will decrease the amount of oxy-
gen.
IDENTIFICATION
ithylene is a colorless gas as room tem-
peratures. At very low temperatures it is
a liquid. It is used as a refrigerant and
in welding and cutting metals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Ethylene is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT,
and NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLA1 (ABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you chink you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 290 ppm.
* The . odor threshold only serves as a
warnin2 of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* No exposure limits have been deter-
mined.
* Large amounts of Ethylene will decrease
the amount of available oxygen. Before
entering an enclosed space oxygen con-
tent should be tested to ensure that it
is at least 19.5% by volume.
* The health effects caused by exposure
to Ethylene are much less serious than
its FIRE and CPLOSION RISK.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear specially designed protective
clothing where exposure to cold equip-
ment, vapors, or liquid can occur.
* Permanently installed analyzers should
be used to monitor.for a dangerous re-
lease of Ethylene gas.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Ethylene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Content. prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
ETHYLENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all oeencia] . and most severe
health hazards chat may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Ethylene:
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Contact with liquid Ethylene can cause
frostbite.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Ethylene and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is insufficient evidence
available to evaluate Ethylene for its
ability to cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to he information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Ethylene has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect
reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
Ethylene has not been tested for other
chronic (long-term) health effects.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
* There is no special test for this chem-
ical. However, if illness occurs or
overexposure is suspected, medical at-
tention is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Ethylene from storage containers to
process containers.
* Before entering a confined space which
may contain Ethylene check to make sure
that sufficient oxygen (at least 19.5%)
exists.
* Before entering a confined space where
Ethylene may. be present, check to make
sure that an explosive concentration
does not exist.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
-------
ETHYLENE
page 3 of 5
Clothing
* Where exposure to cold equipment, va-
pors, and liquid may occur, special
gloves and clotliing designed to prevent
freezing of body tissues should be
used.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
or gas-proof mask when working with
gas, unless full facepiece respiratory
protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Ethylene
does not occur.
* Exposure to Ethylene gas is dangerous
because it can replace oxygen and lead
to suffocation. Only MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with’a full facepiece operated in
positive pressure mode should be used
in oxygen deficient enviror ments.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Ethylene you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Procedures for the handling use and
storage of Ethylene cylinders should be
in compliance with OSHA 1910.101 and
follow the recommendations of the Com-
pressed Gas Association as well as OSHA
1910 subpart M.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS, OXIDIZING AGENTS,
and COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Ethy-
lene is handled, used, or stored.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Ethylene.
* Wherever Ethylene is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and fit-
tings.
* Piping should be electrically bonded
and grounded.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I.have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you inunediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
-------
ETHYLENE page 4 of 5
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing onei a
tiona (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other obvsical and me-
chanical nrocesaaa (heating, pouring.
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined snace” exvo-
sure (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ETHYLENE
UN 1962/UN 1038
Guide code: 22
74-85-].
NJ DOH Hazard
ratinE
I
I
I
I
YL NMIiBILITY
I
4
REACTIvITY
I
2
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard RaCJ.ng Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Ethylene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID OR GAS.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Stop flow of gas, use dry chemical,
C0 2 , or water spray in large amounts.
* Use water spray to keep fire exposed
containers cool.
* If employees are
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Ethylene is leaked, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment fro i area of leak until
cleanup is complete. Contact may cause
severe burns and vapor build up may
cause suffocation.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair leak or allow cylinder
to empty.
* Keep Ethylene out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Ethylene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFOR MATION
Eye Contact
* Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly immerse affected part in warm
water.
* Seek medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: -213°F (-136°C)
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Ethene
Other Names and Formulations:
Acetene; Olefiant Gas; Bicarburretted
Hydrogen
Not intended to be
commercial purposes.
copied and sold for
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT
Right to Know Program
NJ
08625-0368
CM 368, Trenton,
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES inunediately
call your fire department.
expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Oftice of Toxic Substances
Ethyleneinhifle
chemical bstraCt Service $ 151-56—4
A MESSAGE FROM TIlE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
informatiOn Ofl the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order tO help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOnS might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular criemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believetheSe New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge 5 acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
ETRYLENEIMINE
151-56-4
UN 1185
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD STflIXARY
* Ethyleneimine can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Ethyleneiinine should be handled as a
CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION. It
may damage the developing fetus.
* Exposure can cause nausea, headaches,
dizziness and severely irritate the
eyes, nose and throat. Higher levels
can cause fluid in the lungs (pulmonary
edema) and kidney damage. It can cause
th.
.ayleneimlne is a FLAMMABLE and REAC-
TIVE CHEMICAL and is a FIRE AND EXPLO-
SION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Ethyleneimine is a clear colorless liquid
with the odor of ammonia. It is used as
an intermediate and monomer for fuel oil
arid lubricant refining.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Ethylene imine is on the
Substance List because it is
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
CAG and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN and is REACTIVE and FLAM-
MABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERNINE IF YOU ABE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20. If you think you
are experiencing any work-related
health problems, see a doctor trained
to recognize occupational diseases.
Take this Fact Sheet with you.
exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIII: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour worlcshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
leveLs only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the li-
mits listed above.
* Ethylene imine may be a CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Ethylaneimine is han-
dled, used, or stored as required in
the OSHA standard 1910.1012.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Ethyleneiinine and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Ethyleneimine to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department o Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
0881
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 1.5 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
Hazardous
regulated
DOT, DEP,
-------
ETHYLENEIMINE
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
page 2 of 5
future exposures can cause itching and
a skin rash.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. tt is not known whether
Ethyleneimine causes lung damage.
* Long-term exposure may damage the liver
and kidneys. It may lower the white
blood cell count.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Ethyleneiinine:
* When breathed in or absorbed through
the skin or eyes, it can cause head-
aches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness,
liver and kidney damage and death.
* Loss of vision can result from eye
splashes.
* The liquid can severely burn the eyes
and skin. The vapor can irritate the
nose and throat (causing ulcers) and
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breach, and may cause a build-
up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary
edema). This can cause death.
* WARNING: Symptoms are often delayed 1-
3 hours and thus may not provide ade-
quate warning of risk.
Chronic Healths Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Ethylene imine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Ethyleneimine may be a CARCINOGEN in
humans since it has been shown to cause
lung, liver and lymph gland cancers in
animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Ethyleneimine may damage tl ’e developing
fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Ethyleneimine may cause a skin allergy.
Once allergy develops, even very tow
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
-------
ETRYLENEIXINE
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Ethyleneimine from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Re-
fer to the OSHA standard: 1910.1012.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Ethylene imine should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. FamilX qembers could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Ethylene imine.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Ethyleneimine, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Ethyleneimine at the endS
of each workday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ethy-
leneimine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
page 3 of 5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Ethyleneimine.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufac -
turers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working w ch Ethyleneixnine you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Ethylene imine is han-
dled, used, or stored.
-------
ETR!’LENEIXINE
page 4 of 5
* Ethyleneimine must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG ACIDS (such as HY-
DROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) OXI-
DIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROX-
IDES, PERMANCANATES, CHLORATES and
NITRATES) since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Ethyleneimine is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Ethy].enetmina
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Ethyleneimthe.
* Wherever Ethyleneimine is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health affects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemic l 4
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing omera-
dons (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas suc’h as open con-
tainers), and “ confined si,ace” exoo
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community nay be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ii]., community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so- effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In face,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLA O(ABILITY
I
3
I
I
I
REACTIVITY
I
2
IFLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Ethyleneimine is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical or alcohol foam extin-
guishers and water to deep fire-exposed
containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of Nitrogen.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If EthyLene mihe is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Keep Ethyleneimine out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Ethyleneimine as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 45 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting the upper and lower
lids. Seek medical attention immedi-
ately since eye splashes allow
Ethylaneimine to enter the body and can
cause severe illness or death.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 160 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 12°F
Water Solubility: Highly soluble
OTHER COZ*IONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Aziridine
Other Names and Formulations:
Aminoethylene; Azirane; Dimethyleneimine
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>)>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ETHYLENEININE
UN 1185
Guide code: 30
151-56-4
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Ethylene oxide
Chemical bstract Service *. 75—21-8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order tO help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOnS might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particularcpemiCalS according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
75-21-8
UN 1040
RTIC Substance number:
Date: 11/3/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Ethylene Oxide can affect you when
breathed in.
* Ethylene Oxide is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* Contact with liquid can cause severe
burns and frostbite.
* The vapor may cause headaches, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty in
breathing, drowsiness, weakness, and
loss of muscle control. Higher expo-
sures may cause a build-up of fluid in
the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
* It is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID/GAS and
a DANGEROUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Ethylene Oxide is normally a colorless gas
or liquid. It has an ether-like odor and
is used to make antifreeze, polyesters,
laundry detergents and as an industrial
sterilant.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Ethylene Oxide is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is regulated by
OSHA and cited by NIOSH, ACGIH, IARC
and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTAGEN, and is REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ogilize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1. ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is less than 0.1. ppm aver-
aged over an 8-hour worlcshift and
5 ppm, not to be exceeded during
any 10 minute work period in any
single day.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1. ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Ethylene Oxide is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN
in humans. There may be safe level
of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Ethylene Oxide is han-
dled, used, or stored as required by
the OSHA standard 1910.1047.
* Wear protective work clothing when
working with the liquid.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Ethylene Oxide and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Ethy-
lene Oxide to potentially exposed
workers.
-r
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
ETHYLENE OXIDE
0882
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 430
* This odor threshold
exposure limits and
sidered as a warning
ppm.
is well above the
shpuld not be con-
of exposure.
-------
ETHYLENE OXIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a suimuary source of- in-
formation of all notential and most severe
health hazards chat may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Ethylene Oxide:
* Exposure to Ethylene Oxide may cause
headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
difficulty in breathing, drowsiness,
weakness, and loss of muscle control.
Higher exposures may cause passing out
and even death.
* Ethylene Oxide vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose and throat, and may irritate
the lungs, causing coughing and/or
shortness of breath. Higher exposures
can cause a build-up of fluid in the
lungs (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
* Numbing of the sense of smell can oc-
cur, making exposure harder to detect.
* Contact with the undiluted liquid can
cause frostbite.
* Contact with solutions of Ethylene Ox-
ide in water can cause skin burns with
blistering and redness. Skin ulcers
may be delayed, often appearing 1 to S
hours after contact.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Ethylene Oxide and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Ethylene Oxide is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN
in humans. There is some evidence that
it causes leukemia in humans and it has
been shown to cause leukemia and
abdominal cavity cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* There is an increased incidence of gy-
necological disorders and spontaneous
abortions among workers in Ethylene Ox-
ide production. Its role in this in-
crease is unclear at this time.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Ethylene Oxide may damage the nervous
system, causing numbness, “pins and
needles”, and/or weakness in the hands
and feet.
* It may tIAI nge the liver and kidneys.
* It may cause a skin allergy. If an al-
lergy develops, very .low future expo-
sures can causeS itching and a skin
rash.
MEDICAL
Medical. Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even ii you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
-------
ETHYLENE OXIDE
page 3 of 5
rec -
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Ethylene Oxide from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired by OSHA and recommended for this
chemical by NI•OSH. Refer to the NIOSH
criteria document: Occupational Expo-
sure to Ethylene Oxide #77-200 and the
OSHA standard 1910.1047.
* Before entering a confined space where
Ethylene Oxide may be present, check to
make sure that an explosive concentra-
tion does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by the liquid should remove
clothing promptly and allow Ethylene
Oxide to evaporate.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with liquid, immediate-
ly wash with warm water. At the end of
the workshift, wash any areas of the
body that may have had contact with
Ethylene Oxide in solution, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where. Ethy-
lene Oxide is handled, processed, or
scored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs ( uch as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Ethylene Oxide.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/inanufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
•for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCIH recommends Chlorinated Polyethyl-
ene as a protictive material.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated n the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
-------
ETHYLENE OXIDE
page 4 of 5
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 8,000 ppm is- immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 8,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Ethylene Oxide
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Ethylene Oxide is han-
dled, used, or stored.
* It must be stored to avoid contact with
even small amounts of ACIDS (such as
NITRIC or SULFURIC ACIDS); ALKALIS
(such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE or POTASSIUM
HYDROXIDE); CATAL LTIC ANHYDROUS CHLO -
RIDES of IRON, ALUMINUM or TIN; IRON or
ALUMINUM OXIDE; or METALLIC POTASSIUM,
since it may react by itself, liberat-
ing much heat and causing a possible
explosion.
* Ethylene Oxide should not contact OXI-
DIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROX-
IDES, PERNANCANATES, CHLORATES, and NI-
TRATES) since an explosion could occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ven;ilated area away from
HEAT, SPARKS, or SUNLIGHT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Ethy-
lene Oxide is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Ethylene Oxide
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Ethylene Oxide.
* Wherever Ethylene Oxide is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or scored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unlesi proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals nay af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C Y
Common Name: ETHYLENE OXIDE
DOT Number: UN 1040
DOT Emergency Guide code: 69
CAS Number: 75-21-8
NJ DON Hazard ratine
I
FLA1 (&BILITT
I
4 I
REACTIVITY
I
3 I
HIGHLY FLAZIMABLE AND REACTIVE GAS/LIQUID I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE . I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Ethylene Oxide is an extremely FLAM-
MABLE GAS or LIQUID. The gas easily
forms explosive mixtures with air.
* Fight a fire from an exp].osion-resis-
tant location. Use dry chemical, CO 2 .
water spray, or foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor or gas is heavier than air
and may travel a distance to cause a
fire or explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Ethylene Oxide is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict per ot s not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* If in the gaseous form, stop the flow
of gas. If the source of the leak is a
cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped
in place, remove the leaking cylinder
to a safe place in the open air and re-
pair the leak or allow the cylinder to
empty.
* Keep Ethylene Oxide out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Ethylene Oxide as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<(<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally hf C-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water. Seek
medical attention.
* If contact with hiquified Ethylene Ox-
ide occurs, immerse affected part in
warm water. Seek medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical Eacil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1,095 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: Less than 0°F
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTMER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Oxirane
Other Names and Formulations:
Epoxyethane; Dimethylene Oxide; ETO
Nor intended to be copied
commercial purposes
and sold for
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Formaldehyde
Chemical bstract Service 1 50—00—0
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but iinportant differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, arid other scientific institutions might
state their Conclusions regarding the health effects of
particu1ar cJiemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to tile chemicals where they work, several Sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTI( Substance number: 0946
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Formaldehyde can affect
breathed and
* Formaldehyde
WITH EXTREME
* Exposure irritates the eyes, nose, and
throat and can cause skin and lung
allergy. Higher levels can cause
throat spasm and a build-up of fluid in
the lungs. This can cause death.
* Contact can cause severe eye and skin
burns, leading to permanent damage.
These may appear hours after exposure,
rren if no pain is felt.
iormaldehyde is a HIGULY FLAMMABLE
LIQUID/GAS and a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a
strong odor, mixed in solutions with water
or methanol. It is used as a germicide,
an embalming fluid, and in home insulation
and pressed-wood products.
REASON FOR CITATION
Zormaldehyde is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by NIOSH, ACGIH,
IARC, DOT, NIP, CAC, NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical f.s also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CARCINOGEN and a NUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR. THR.ESEOLD — 0.83 ppm.
* The o4or threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEt) is 3 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift; 5 ppm, which shall not be
exceeded at any time, and 10 ppm
which shall not be exceeded in
any 30 minute period.
NIOSH: NIOSH recommends the lowest
feasible limit for this cancer-
causing substance.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposu e
limit is Formaldehyde ppm (mg/rn )
averaged over an 8-hour workshift
Formaldehyde ppm as a STEL
(short term exposure limit).
* Formaldehyde - is a PROBABLE CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . Skin contact may also
cause overexposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Formaldehyde is
handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Formaldehyde and at the end of
the workshift.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: FORMALDEHYDE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
50-00-0
UN 2209
you when
by passing through skin.
is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE
CAVTION
-------
FORXALDEHTDE
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentratiort
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following, acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Formaldehyde:
* Liquid Formaldehyde may irritate the
skin, causing a rash or burning feeling
on contact. It can also cause severe
burns, leading to permanent damage.
The burns may be delayed for hours
after contact, even is no burn is felt
at first.
* Contact can cause severe eye burns.
These also may be delayed for hours
* Exposure irritates the nose, mouth and
throat. Higher concentrations can
cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema) or spasm of the
windpipe. This can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur, at some time after expo-
sure to Formaldehyde and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Formaldehyde is a PROBABLE CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. It has been
shown to cause cancer of the nasal
passages in animals.
* Many scientists believe that there is
no safe ‘level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may
also have the potential for causing
reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is not enough information to
determine the ability of Formaldehyde
to affect reproduction adversely.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Formaldehyde may cause a skin allergy.
If an allergy develops, very low future
page 2 of 5
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* It may
lergy.
asthma
breath,
tightness.
* Repeated exposures may cause bronchi-
tis, with symptoms of cough and short-
ness of breath.
* Although Formaldehyde is a. food
product, breathing it (powder or mist)
could cause effects different from
eating it. For example, many plant
products when breathed in can cause
lung allergy, with cough, wheezing
and/or tightness in the chest. It is
not known whether Formaldehyde also has
this effect. If allergy occurs, even
low future exposures can cause
symptoms.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
* Interview for brain effects, including
recent memory, mood (irritability,
withdrawal), concentration, headaches,
malaise and altered sleep patterns.
Consider cerebellar, autonomic and
peripheral nervous system evaluation.
Positive and borderline individuals
should be referred for neuro-
psychological testing.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy
* Consider chest x-ray after acute
overexposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
also cause an asthma-like al-
Future exposures can cause
attacks with shortness of
wheezing, cough, and/or chest
-------
FORXAI.DEHYDE
page 3 of 5
Request copies of your medical testing.
You-have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Vapors of Formaldehyde can react with
Hydrogen Chloride exposure is also
present, to form a potent human CANCER-
CAUSING agent (B.Ls-Chloromethyl Ether).
* Because smoking can cause heart
disease, as well as lung cancer,
emphysema, and other respiratory
problems, it may worsen respiratory
conditions caused by chemical exposure.
Even if you have smoked for a long
time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, considpr: (I) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Formaldehyde from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde
#77-126.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Formaldehyde should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Formaldehyde.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Formaldehyde, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Formaldehyde at the end
of each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Formaldehyde is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORXPT.ACE CONTROLS ARE SETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Formaldehyde.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppl iers/manufact -
urers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
-------
FOR1’tALDEHYDE
page 4 of 5
Eye protection
* Eye protection is Included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF R.ESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Formaldehyde
does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied- air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive-pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet operated in
the continuous-flow mode. An MSHA/
NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece oper-
ated in pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode is also rec-
ommended.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Formaldehyde you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated. m rked area should be es-
tablished where Formaldehyde is
handled, used, or stored.
* Formaldehyde must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PERMAN-
GANATES, NITRATES, PEROXIDES, CHLORATES
and PERCHLOP.ATES) ALKALINE MATERIALS,
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT, SPARXS or FLAMES.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where
Formaldehyde is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and cbs.
thg containers of Formaldehyde.
* Wherever Formaldehyde is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ihvsical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exno-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>)>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: FORMALDEHYDE
DOT Number: UN 2209
DOT Emergency Guide code: 29
CAS Number: 50-00-0
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<(<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
NJ DOll Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
4 I
REACTIVITY
I
0 I
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE I
Hazard P.ating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Formaldehyde is a FLAMMABLE GAS or a
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray or
foam extinguishers. Water can be used
to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Formaldehyde is spilled or leaked, take
the followings steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Formaldehyde out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Formaldehyde as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPP. if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 16 mm Hg at 77°F
(25°C)
Flash Point: 122°F to 185°F (500 to
85°C) for 37% liquid solutions
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER CO ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Formaldehyde
Other Names and Formulations:
Formalin; HCHO; Methanal
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Unfted States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Freon 113
(1,1 • 2—TrichlOrO—1 ,2 ,2—Trifluoroethane)
chemical Abstract Service * 76—13—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information Ofl the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts abOUt the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular Chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—Such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
1,1, 2—TRIcHLORO—
1,2,2-TR.tPLUOROETHANE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,1 ,2-Trichloro-1 , 2, 2-Trifluoroethane
can affect you when breathed in.
* High exposure may cause the heart to
beat irregularly or stop. This can
cause death.
* Exposure can cause you to feel sleepy
and lose your ability to concentrate.
* It can cause irritation of the eyes,
nose, and throat.
* Repeated skin exposure can cause
irritation and rash.
IDENTIFICATION
1,1, 2-Trichioro- 1,2,2 -Trifluoroethane
colorless liquid with an ether-like
at high concentrations. It is used
dry cleaning solvent and refrigerant.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,1 ,2-Trichloro-]., 2, 2-Trifluoroethane
is on the P.TK azardous Substance List
because it is regulated by OSHA and
cited by ACCIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERNINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 45 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warniua of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LINITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1,000 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIR: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1,000 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift and 1,250 ppm
as a STEL (short term exposure
limit).
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,1,2-
Tr.ichloro-l ,2 , 2-Trifluoroethane to
potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental ProtectIon Agency
Right to Know Program OffIce of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
76-13-1
None
1904
is a
odor
as a
-------
1., L, 2 -TRICHLORO- 1,2,2 -TRIPLUOROETHANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all otentia] . and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to l,1,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-
Trifluoroethane:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* Breathing high concentrations of 1,1,
2-Trich].oro-l,2 ,2-Trifluoroethane can
cause the heart to beat irregularly or
stop. This can cause death.
* Exposure can cause you to feel sleepy
and have trouble concentrating.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 1,1,2-Trich].oro-l ,2 ,2-Trifluoro-
ethane and can last for months or years:
* Repeated exposure may cause
irritation and rash.
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, l,l,2-Trichloro-1,2.2-
Trifluoroethane has not been tested for
its ability to cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 1,l,2-Trichl.oro-l,2,2-
Trifluoroethane has not been tested for
its ability to adversely affect
reproduction.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Special 24-hour EKG (loiter monitor) to
look for irregular heart beat.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARD PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
skin in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
i.nated by 1, 1.2-Trichioro-]. ,2 .2-Tn-
fluoroethane should change into clean
clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-Trifluoroethane.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted l,1,2-Trichioro-L,2,2-
Trifluoroethane at the end of each
work day, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,
1,2 -Trichioro- 1,2 .2 -Trifluoroethane is
handled, processed, or stored, since
the chemical can be swallowed. Wash
-------
1,1,2 -TRICHLORO- 1,2, 2-TRIPLUOROETHANE
page 3 oE 5
the chemical cart be swallowed. Wash
hands carefully before eating or smok-
ing.
* Do not smoke in the work area. Even a
little vapor inhaled through a burning
cigarette, cigar, or pipe will be con-
verted into more highly toxic sub-
stances.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER ThAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,1,2-Trichlo-
ro-1,2 ,2-Trifluoroethane. Wear sol-
vent-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles when
working with liquid, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1,000 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator with an organic va-
por cartridge/canister More protection
is provided by a full facepiece respi-
rator than by a half-mask respirator,
and even greater protection is provided
by a powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect l,].,2-Tri-
chloro-].,2,2-Trifluoroethane, or i.ri the
case of full facepiece respirator you
experience eye irritation, leave the
area immediately. Check to make sure
the respirator-to-face seal is still
good. If it is, replace the filter,
cartridge, or canister. If the seal is
no longer good, you may need a new res-
pirator.
* Be sure to consider all poter tial expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms Df a c - -’.
(such as vapor and mist) or agaLis 1
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 4.500 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. tf the
possibility of exposures above 4,500
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSI-I approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, wi,1 I
later get chronic health effects 7
A: Not always. Most chronic (1ong-ter
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-terni effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sic<
when I have been exposed to che”::.i,.’
.A The like1 hood of b c’v’ung sic -
chemicals is increased as the .
of exposure increases This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
-------
l,L,2 TRICULORO l,2,2TRIFLU0R0E ’ page 4 of 5
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: l,l,2TRICHLORO—1,2,2—
TRIFLUOROETHANE
INJ DON Hazard rating
IPLA)NABILITY
INot
Foundi
IREACTIVITY
INot
Found I
I
I
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A P I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HI NDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,1,2-Trichioro-
1,2,2-Trifluoroethane you should be
trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* 1,]. ,2-Trichloro-l, 2 ,2-Trifluoroethane
must be stored to avoid contact with
chemically active metals such as CAL-
CIUM, POWDERED ALUMINUM, ZINC, MAGNES -
IUM, AND BERYLLIUM because violent
reactions occur.
FIRST AID
* l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-TrifluorOethafle
is a non-combustible liquid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. 1,1,2-
Trichloro-I., 2, 2-Trifluoroethane itself
does not burn.
* If employees are
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND RGENCIES
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
If 1. ,l,2-Trichloro-l .2 ,2-Trifluoroethane
is spilled or leaked, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clea up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of L,l,2-Trichloro-].,2 ,2-Tri-
fluoroethane as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical
facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 284 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER C0 fl1ONLY USED NANES
Chemical Name: l,l,2-Trichloro-].,2,2-
Trifluoroethane
Other Names and Formulations: FC-
133, Freon 113, Trichlorotrifluoroethane
Not intended to be copi.ed and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
None
Guide code: No Citation
76-13-1
expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Hexachioro—]. , 3—butadiefle
chemical Abstract Service t 87—68—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRON TAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding tfle health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we belie”7e’ these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very.useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
RTIC Substance number: 0979
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Rexachiorobutadiena can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Hexachlorobutadiene should be handled
as a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* Exposure can cause severe kidney dam-
age.
* Contact can irritate and burn the eyes
and skin.
* aexachiorobutadiena may damage the
liver.
IDENTIFICATION
Hexachiorobutadiene is a clear liquid with
a faint turpentine odor. It is used as a
solvent and a heat transfer fluid.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Rexachiorobutadiene is on the Hazardous
Substance Lisp ecause it is cited by
ACGIH, IARC, CAC, DOT and NFPA.
* This chemical, is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WOR ICPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIR: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.02 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limit is for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limit listed above.
* Hexachiorobutadiene may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans. There may be IIQ safe level
of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hexach].orobutadiene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fart, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Hexachiorobutadiene to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
87-68-3
UN 2279
-------
1IEX&CHLOROBUTADIENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formationof all DotentiaL and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to RexachiorobutadieTle:
* Contact can irritate and burn the skin
and eyes.
* Exposure to high levels can damage the
kidneys.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Eexachlorobutadiene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Nexachiorobutadiene may be a CARCINOGEN
in h’”n ”e since it has been shown to
cause kidney cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances.may also have the po-
tential for ausing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Hexachiorobutadiene may damage the de-
veloping fetus.
Other Long—Term Effects
* Exposure can damage the kidneys.
* Hexachlorobutadiene may damage the
liver, especially at higher exposures.
MEDICAL
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHti 1910.20.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damAge, drinking al-
cohol may increase the liver damage caused
by Rexachiorobutadiene.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically
uid Hexachiorobutadiene from
other storage containers to
containers.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment
times after that, the
recommended:
* Kidney function tests
* Liver function tests.
and at regular
following are
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended.
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Hexachlorobutadiene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
pump liq-
drums or
process
-------
HEXLCHLOROBUTADIENE
page 3 of 5
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Rexach].orobutadiene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Hexachiorobuta-
diane, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hexa-
chiorobutadiene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORXPT.ACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing - -
* Avoid skin contact with Hexachiorobuta-
diene. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recominen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.02 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.02 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust re1easin opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other tthvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” ex o-
-------
P ACHLOROBUTADIENE page 4 of 5
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the comnu.inity, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children.or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a ancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>)>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
DOT Number: UN 2279
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55
CAS Number: 87-68-3
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IPLA (&BILITT
I
1
I
IREACTIVITY
I
1
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
alcohol foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND E RGENCIES
If Hexachiorobutadiene is spilled
leaked, take the following steps:
or
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in’sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis.
pose of Hexachiorobutadiene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendat ions.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Hexachlorobutadiene is
handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.3 mm Hg at 77°C
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COIUWNLY USED NAXES
Chemical Name: 1,3 - Butadiene,
1,1,2,3,4,4, Itexachloro-
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
Other Names and Formulations: HCBD;
Perchlorobutadiene
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
* Prior to working with Hexa-
chiorobutadiene you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
RexachloroCyC lopentadiene
chemical Abstract Service * 77—47—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information oii
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
RTIC Substance number: 0980
Date: 10/30/86
1!AZARD SU RY
* .Ilexach].orocyclopentadiefle can affect
you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
Exposure is very irritating to the
eyes, nose, throat and lungs, causing
tearing, sneezing, and headaches.
Higher levels can irritate and burn the
lungs, possibly causing a build-up of
fluid (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
* Hexachiorocyclopentadiene can damage
the kidneys, liver and nervous system.
is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and contact
can burn the eyes and skin.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.03 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.01 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
liexachlorocyclopentadiene is a yellow to
amber colored liquid with a pungent odor.
It is used in making pesticides and flame
retardant materials.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is on the RTK
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACCIH and DOT.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20. If you think you
are experiencing any work-related
health problems, see a doctor trained
to recognize occupational diseases.
Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hexachiorocyclopentadiefle.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Hexachiorocyclopentadiene to
potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contems prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
77-47-4
UN 2646
-------
HEXACHLOROCTCLOPENTADIENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential , and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Hexachiorocy-
clopentadiene:
* Exposure is very irritating to the
eyes, nose, throat and lungs. At low
levels this causes sneezing, watery
eyes, headaches, and burning in the
eyes and throat. Higher levels can
cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* Contact can burn the eyes and skin.
* Hig1 exposures can damage the liver,
kidneys and nervous system.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hexachiorocyclopentadiene and can
last for months. o’r.years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
has not been tested for its ability to
cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is no evidence that Hixachioro-
cyclopentadiene adversely affects re-
production. This is based on test re-
suits presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health from pub-
lished studies.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the kid-
neys, liver and nervous system.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Hexachlorocyc].opentadiene causes lung
damage.
HEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Lung, liver and kidney function tests.
* Exam of the nervous system.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
cohol can increase the liver damage caused
by Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
WORI
-------
HZXACIILOP.OCYCLOPENTADIENE
page 3 of 5
In evaluating the contro_is present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid HexachlorocyclOpefltadiefle from
drums or other storage containers to
process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Rexachlorocyclopentadiafle
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Rexachiorocyclopentadiene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the impe4iate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hex-
achiorocyclopentadiene is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPNENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE. EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Hexach].orocy-
c].opentadiene. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operition
* All protecti o clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
fl4PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training 1 respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.01. ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q. Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
-------
HEX&CIILOROCYCLOPENTADIENE page 4 of 5
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the Length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting.
dumping, ete.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause heaJ.ch problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G K N C I
Common Name : HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
DOT Number: UN 2646
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55
CAS Number: 77-47-4
INJ DON Hazard ratina I
IF BIL1 INot Foundi
¶
REACTIVITY INot Found I
I I
IDOES NOT BURN I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE I
I I
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; i—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for t jpe of surrounding fire. Hexachlo-
rocyclopentadiene itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Bexachiorocyclopentadiene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean- ipis complete.
* Absorb lfquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Hexachiorocyclopentadiene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
P0150W INFORMATION
physical dam-
moisture, Hex-
will cprrode
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
If Illness Develops From Overexposure
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.080 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Cheinica]. Name: 1,2,3,4,5, 5-Hexachioro-
1, 3-Cyclopentadiene
Other Names and Formulations: HCCPD;
C-56; NCI-C55607
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Hexachlorocy-
clopentadiene you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
WATER.
Not - intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
* Protect containers from
age. In the presence of
achiorocyclOpentadiefle
iron and other metals.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Hexacli loroetllafle
chemical Abstract Service * 67—72-1
A MESSAGE FROM T ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information Ofl the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order tO help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very, complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we belie e these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Hea(th
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
RexachLoroethana is a white crystal (like
sugar) or Liquid with a mothball-Like
odor. It is used in animal medicines, as
an insecticide, and in smoke-making de-
vices.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Hexachloreethame is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DEP and CAC.
* This checnic ]. .i also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Hexachloroethane may be a CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a carcino-
gen, so all contact should be reduced
to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for AL
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
Distributed by the United States
En*onmentai Protection Agency
Office of To*it Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, sea a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.1.5 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does nor mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Hexachloroethane . is
handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hexachioroethane.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Hex-.
achLoroethane to potentially exposed
TCOMMON NAME: C RO E
[
CAS NUMBER: 67-72-1.
DOT NUMBER: NA 9037
HAZARD SUMMARY
.
*
Hexachioroathane
affect
can
you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* It may damage the liver and kidneys.
* Contact can burn the eyes.
*
Hexachioroethane should
Exposure may irritate the nose, throat,
be handled as a
CARCINOGEN- -WITH
and skin.
*
CAUTION.
Exposure to high
* Contact of Hexachioroethane with hot
may
cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded,
iron, zinc, aluminum, or alkalies can
arid to pass out.
cause an explosion.
workers.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a slIm?iIAry source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer - supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
xALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Hexachioroethafle:
* Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash or burning feeling. It can also
burn the eyes.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
mouth, and throat.
* Exposure tO high concentrations may
cause you to become dizzy and light-
headed and to pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hezachioroethafle and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Hexachioroethafle may be
CAUSING AGENT in humans
been shown to cause liver
imals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure may cause liver and kidney
damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Liver function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure has
occurred, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver rL m ge, drinking al-
cohol may increase the liver damage caused
by Hexachloroethafle.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Hexachloroethane from drums or
Page2 _____
a CANCER.-
since it has
cancer in an-
-------
Clothing
other storage containers to process
containers.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where HexachioroethalTe is
handled, used, or stored.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Rezachioroethane should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Hexachioroathane.
* On skin contact with Hexachloroethane,
i=ediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted UexachLoroethane at the
end of each work day, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hex-
achioroethane is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not smoke in the work area. Even a
little v por- inhaled through a burning
cigarette, cigar, or pipe will be con-
verted into more highly toxic sub-
stances.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, n a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
* Avoid skin contact with Hexachioroeth-
ane. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/inanu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* Al]. protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust.
* Wear gas-proof goggles and face shield
when exposed to hot vapors, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 300 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 300 ppm ex-
ists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
-------
Page4.
.1
: Can I get long-term effects without A: Yes: That’s so effects can be seen
ever having short-term effects? more clearly using fewer animals. But
: Yes, because long-term effects can oc- high doses alone don’t cause cancer
cur from repeated exposures to a chem- unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
ical at levels not high enough to make a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
you immediately sick. mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
.: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
: When are higher exposures more likely?
: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tion (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined syace” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are tfsually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
-------
DOT Number: NA 9037
NFPA Flammability: No Citation
NFPA Reactivity: No Citation
FIRE HAZARDS
* Hexachioroethafle is a non-combustible
solid or liquid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Hex-
achioroathafle itself dose not burn.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN A FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Hexach].orOethafle is spilled or leaked,
rake the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* It may be necesaar-y to contain and dis-
pose of HexachiorOethalle as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Hexachioroathafle
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Hexachloroethafle must be stored to
avoid contact with HOT IRON, ZINC, ALU-
MINtIM, and ALKALIES, since violent re-
actions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well.ventilated area away from
HEAT.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.22 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethane, Hexachioro-
Other Names: Perchioroethane; Carbon Hexa-
chloride; HexachiorOethylefle
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
Dat prpar.d October 1985
WARNING
Common Name: HEXACSLOROETHANE
Rrdslon: OCS• 16
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HexachlOrOflaPhthalefle
chemical Abstract Service * 1335—87—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Knoci Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their concluSiOns regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we belie etheSe New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: HEXACHLORONAPHTHALENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
1335-87-1
None
RTK Substance number: 0982
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SV (ARY
* Rexachloronaphthalene can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin.
* Exposure can irritate the skin, eyes,
nose, and throat.
* Exposure can cause severe liver damage.
* Repeated exposure can cause an acne-
like rash to develop. The skin may be-
come more sensitive to sunlight.
IDENTIFICATION
Uexachloronaphthalene is a light yellow or
white yam-like solid with a pleasant odor.
It is used to insulate electrical
equipment, in flameproofing and water-
proofing, and as a lubricant additive.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Rexachloronaphthalene is on
Hazardous Substance List because
regulated by OSHA and cited by
ACCIH and EPA..
Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERI’IINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you thitik you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LflCTS
OSHA: The legal airborne perrnissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.2 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.2 mg/rn’ averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also
curs, you may be overexposed,
though air levels are less than
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear proteccive work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hexachloronaphthalene and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Hexachloronaphthalene to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
—
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
shift.
oc -
even
the
the
it is
NIOSH,
-------
HEX&CHLORONAPHTHALENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotentia] . and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors wi].l
affect your susceptibility to any of the
pocen ial effects described below.
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Examination of the skin for signs of
chloracne rash.
* Liver function tests.
HEALTH HAZARD INPOBMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Hexachloronaphthalene:
* Contact can irritate the skin, causing
a rash.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
damage the liver enough to cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hexachloronaphthalene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Hexachloronaphthalene has
not been tes ed for its ability to
cause canc&rin animals.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures can cause an acne-
like rash called chloracne.
* Long-term exposure may cause chronic
liver damage. This can be fatal.
* Hexachloronaphthalene can cause the
skin to become sensitive to sun expo-
sure.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump mol-
ten Hexachloronaphthalene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Hexachloronaphthalene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the ew Jersey Department
of Health, Hexachloronaphthalene has
not been tested for its ability to
adversely affect reproduction.
-------
HEXACRLORONAPHTHALENE
page 3 of 5
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Hexachloronaphthalefle.
* On skin contact with Hexachioronaplitha-
lane, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Hexachloronaphthalafle at
the end of each work day, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or dxink where Hexa-
chloronaphthalefle is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* Do not smoke in the work area. Ev n a
little vapor inhaled through a burning
cigarette, cigar, or pipe will be con-
verted into more highly toxic sub-
stances.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE ZQTJIP1 NT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE SETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Hexachloronaph-
thalene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean.
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with molten
Hexachloronaphthalene unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.2 mg/rn 3 use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined syace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
-------
HEXACHLORONAPHTIIALENE page 4 of 5
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C ‘1
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
INJ DOH Hazard ratinz
IT BILI T Y
REACTIVITY
Not
I Not
I
Foundi
Found I
Hazard Ra J.ng Key: O—wlnJ.mal; l—sLLght;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire
(Hexachloronaphthalene burns only at
very high temperatures).
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN A FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Hexachloronaphthalene is spilled, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all i nLtion sources.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Hexachloronaphthalene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HexametllylphOsPhOramide
chemical Abstract Service * 680—31—9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of suimnary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community expo€ures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
HEXAMETHYL PHOS-
PHORANIDE (HEXPA)
680-31-9
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 11/3/86
0973
HAZARD STfltNARY
* ifexamethyl Phosphoramide can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin.
* Hexamethyl Phosphoramide may cause mu-
tations. Handle with extreme caution.
* Exposure may irritate and damage the
nose, throat and lungs causing a nasal
discharge and lung changes.
* Repeated exposure may severely damage
the kidneys.
IDENTIFICATION
Hexaxeehyl. Phosphoramide is a colorless
liquid. It is used as a solvent and in
research laboratories.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Hexamethyl Phosphoramide
ardous Substance List
cited by ACGIH, DEP and
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer . You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACCIH: An exposure limit has
established for this
carcinogen.
* Hexamethyl Phosphoramide may cause mu-
tations. All contact with this chemi-
cal should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* Skin absorption is also a route of ex-
posure for Bexamethyl Phosphoramide.
Therefore, all work should be carefully
controlled to eliminate the possibili-
ties for skin contact.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protectivework clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediatelv after expo-
sure to Hexamethyl Phosphoramide and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Hex-
amethy]. Phosphoramide to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
not been
suspected
is on the Haz-
because it is
NIOSH.
-------
HZXA METHYL PROS PHORAIIIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure,.concentratiofl
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (or significant skin con-
tact), the following are recommended be-
fore beginning work and at regular times
after that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Hexamethyl Phosphor-
ainide:
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat
and lungs.
* Very high levels may cause kidney and
lung damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hexamethyl Phosphoramide and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* aexamethyl Phosphoramide may cause mu-
tations (genetic changes) in living
cells. Whether or not it poses a cancer
or reproductive hazard needs further
study and, in fact, there is limited
evidence that Hexamethyl Phosphoramide
causes cancer in animals. It may cause
cancer of the nose.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Hexa-
methyl Phosphoramide may damage the
testes (reproductive glands) of males
and affect sperm production.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures may severely damage
the kidneys and lungs.
* Exposure may damage the nose, causing
chronic nasal discharge.
* Exam of the nose.
* Lung function tests.
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests chat look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub.
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical e1ease. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
HEXANZTH?L PROS PHORAXIDE
page 3 of 5
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Haxamethyl Phosphoramide from drums
or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has bean contam-
inated by Hexamethyl Phosphoramide
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Hexamethyl Phosphorainide.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Raxamathy]. Phos-
phoramide, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical. At the end of
the workshift, wash any areas of the
body that may have contacted Hexamethyl
Phosphoramide, whether or not known
skin concact’has, occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hexa-
methyl Phosphoramide is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER ThAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
*Avoid skin contact with Hexainethyl
Phosphoramide. Wear solvent- resistant
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quireinents for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure.
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Hexamethyl Phos-
phorainide you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Hexainethyl Phosphoramide must be stored
to avoid contact with OXIDIZERS (such
as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANCA-
NATES, CHLORATES, and NITRATES); STRONG
ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC,
and NITRIC) and CHEMICALLY ACTIVE MET-
ALS (such as POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNE-
SIUM, and ZINC) since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Hexa-
methyl Phosphoramide is handled, used,
or stored.
-------
HEXAMETR!L PUOSPHORAMIDE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
lacer get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina omera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), ocher thvsical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space ” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, mâll rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, coimnunity exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sDerm and ezzs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: regnanc women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
,>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C I
Common Name: HEXANETHYL PHOSPHORANIDE
(HEMPA)
DdT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 680-31-9
INJ DON Hazard ratinz
I
F LITT
t Not
Found I
IcOMS!Th LICUID
INot
Found I
I
Hazard Rating Kay: 0—minimal; 1—sLight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* }Iexamethyl Phosphoramide is a COMBUS-
TIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Hexamethyl Phosphorastide is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persona not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Hexamethyl Phosphoramide as a
HAZARDOUS WAS ’tE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific re-
commendations.
page. 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion.
If Symptoms Develop From
Large
jve.&.
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.07 mm Hg at 77°F
Flash Point: 222°F
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLY USED MANES
Chemical Name: Kexamethyl Phosphoric
Triamide
Other Names and Formulations: HEMPA;
Tn (Dimethylamino) Phosphineoxide; HMPA;
ENT 50882; Hexametapol
Not intended to be copied and sold for
coixm erc.Lal purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTHENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Hydrazifle
chemical Abstract Service 1 302—01—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believethëSe New Jersey Fact Sheets are very usef-ul sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community -
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
HYDRAZINE
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
302-01-2
UN 2030/UN 2029
RIX Substaiice number:
Date: 01/31.186
1006
&ZAPD SV RY
* Rydrazine can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Hydrazine is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
Exposure can damage the liver, kidneys,
nervous system, red blood cells and can
cause dizziness, nausea and seizures.
* Rydrazine is HIGHLY CORROSIVE and can
cause skin and eye burns.
* Exposure may irritate the nose, throat
and lungs causing coughing and short-
ness of breath. Higher exposures can
cause fluid build-up in the lungs (pul-
monary edema). This can cause death.
* It is a FLAZ fltABt2 and REACTIVE CHEMICAL
and a FIRE and ENPLOS ION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Hydrazine is a colorless, fuming, oily
liquid or white crystalline (sugar-like)
solid that smell , like ammonia. It is
used as a rocket fuel, in farm chemicals,
drugs or to speed up chemical reactions.
REASON FOR
* Rydrasine
cited by
and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTACEN and is FLANM&BLE,
REACTIVE and CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOTJ ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 3.7 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warr inz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORICPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1. ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.03 ppm of the free-
base, determined as ceiling con-
centrations in any 2 hour period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Hydrazine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level. The above exposure lim-
its are for levels only . When skin
contact also occurs, you may be overex-
posed, even though air levels are less
than the limits listed above.
WAYS OP REDUCING EXPOSTJRE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Hydrazine is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hydrazina and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Hydra-
sine to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
CITATION
is regulated by OSHA and
ACCIH, NIOSH, DOT, IARC, CAC
-------
HYDRAZINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFOPZ4ATIOU
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Hydrazine:
* Direct contact of liquid with skin or
eyes produces severe burns with perina-
nent damage.
* Exposure to vapors is highly irritating
to eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
* Breathing Hydrazine may irritate the
lungs causing coughing and/or shortness
of breath. Higher exposures can cause
a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pul-
monary edema). This can cause death.
* Exposure can cause dizziness and nau-
sea. Higher levels can cause trembl-
ing, shaking, seizures and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hydrazin and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Hydrazine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. It has been shown to cause
lung and liver cancer and leukemia in
animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Hydrazine has been tested
and has not been shown to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Ter n Effects
* Exposure can damage the Liver and kid-
neys.
* Hydrazine can irritate the lungs. Re-
peated exposures may cause bronchitis
to develop with cough, phlegm and/or
shortness of breath.
* Exposure can damage the nervous system
causing weakness, shaking, and trouble
with balance and coordination.
* Exposure can dRm*ge red blood cells and
cause a low blood count (anemia).
* Rydrazine may cause a skin allergy. If
allergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Complete blood count.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Lung function tests.
* Exam of the nervous system.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may also be use-
ful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema, and other respiratory problems,
it may worsen respiratory conditions
-------
HYDRAZINE
page 3 of 5
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
you have smoked for a long time, stop
ping now will reduce your risk of de-
velo’ping health problems.
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, drink-
ing alcohol can increase the liver dam-
age caused by Rydrazine.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for higi ly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Hydrazine from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the MIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Hydrazines
#78.172.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Hydrazine should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Hydrazine.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Rydrazine, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the worlcshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Hydrazine, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ily-
drazine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Hydrazine. Wear
acid-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
-------
HYDRAZINE
page 4 of 5
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated. in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Uydrazine you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Hydrazine must be stored to avoid con-
tact with OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLO-
RATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANCANATES, CHLO-
RATES and NITRATES) STRONG ACIDS (such
as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC),
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE and METAL OXIDES
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open f].ames, are prohibited where
Hydrazine is used, handled, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
* Wherever Hydrazine is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and fit-
tings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more Ukely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical Drocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined so&ce” exvo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
HYDRAZ INE
UN 2029 (anhydrous)
UN 2030 (aqueous solution)
Guide code: 28 or 59
302-01-2
INJ DOH Hazard ratinE -
IFA(ABILI ’ i
3
I
IR .EAcT 1V 11’T I
I FLAMMABLE/CORROSIVE LIQUID
2
I
I
IPOISON0US GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
FIRE
I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Mydrazine is a FL ABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of N.Ltrogen.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Rydrazine is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons, not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Hydrazine out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Hydrazine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention in ediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medic-
al attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PH’iSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 10 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 100°F
Water Solubility: Miscible
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Hydroquinone
chemical Abstract Service $ 123—31—9
A MESSAGE FROM T1Th ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believeth se New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually I een done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Hydrochloric acid
(Hydrogen chloride)
chemical Abstract Service * 7647—01—0
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the EnvironlnefltalPrOteCtiOfl Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sulTunarieS of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutionS might
state their cbnclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of suxnxnary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME: HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
CAS NUMBER: 7647.01-0 DOT NUMBER: UN 1050/UN 1789
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Hydrogen Chloride can affect you when may cauae.a skin rash or irritation.
breathed in. * Hydrogen Chloride is a CORROSIVE CHEM-
* breathing the vapor can irritate the ICAL and contact can cause eye damage
lungs, and cause bronchitis. Higher that could lead to blindness. It can
exposures can cause a buildup of fluid also cause severe skin burns.
in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This * Exposure can irritate the mouth, nose,
can cause death, and throat. Long-term exposure may
* Continued contact with dilute solutions cause erosion of the teeth.
IDENTIFICATION
Hydrogen Chloride is a colorless gas with
a strong odor. It usually exits in a so-
lution as Hydrochloric Acid. It is used
in metal processing, making other chemi-
cals, and analytical chemistry.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Hydrogen Chloride is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACCIH
and DOT.
* This chemical Is plso on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is COR.ROSIVE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LiMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm,
not to be exceeded at any time.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm which should not
be exceeded at any time.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
EING EXPOSED
.xposure to nazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.77 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warninz of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hydrogen Chloride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Hydro-
gen Chloride to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHE-ET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
WxALTH RAZA3D INPORX&TION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Hydrogen Chloride:
* Contact can cause severe skin burns and
severe burns of the eyes, leading to
permanent damage with loss of sight.
* Breathing the vapor can irritate mouth,
nose, and throat. High levels may ir-
ritate the lungs, causing coughing
and/or shortness of breath. Higher
exposures can cause a buildup of fluid
in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This
can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hydrogen Chloride and can last for
months or years:
* The chemical may ause erosion of the
teeth.
* Exposure to dilute solutions may cause
a skin rash or irritation.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether Hy-
drogen Chloride causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recoended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure. Request copies of
your medical testing. You have a legal
right to this information under OSHA
1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
3ecau.se smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENd-
HERRING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider:. (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo.
sures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Hydrogen Chloride from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Hydrogen Chloride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
-------
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Hydrogen Chloride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hy-
drogen Chloride is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIP1 NT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BEflER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPM& T. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed) personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Hydrogen Chlo-
ride. Wear acid-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCIH recommends Natural Rubber or Neo-
prene as protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
or gasproof goggles when using the gas,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
I1 PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an acid gas canister which is specifi-
cally approved for Hydrogen Chloride.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered-air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Hydrogen
Chloride, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 100 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the p0 5-
sibility of exposures above 100 ppm
exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Hydrogen Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Hydrogen Chloride must be stored to
avoid contact with any ALKALI or ACTIVE
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Hydrogen Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
-------
QUESTIONS AND ANSVERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting.
dumping, etc.), other t,hysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
METALS (such as POTASSIUM, SODIUM, and
ZINC), because violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away frdm
HEAT.
-------
I Number: UN 1050/UN 1789
PA Flammability: 0
PA Reactivity: 0
2 HAZARDS FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
fydrogen Chloride is non-combustible,
ut contact with metals produces Hydra-
en gas, which will increase chance of
an explosion.
Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. (The
nacerial itself does not burn.)
?OISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE (in-
:luding Chlorine).
f employees are expected to fight
Eires, they must be trained and
aquipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
:ii.s m ERGENCIES
Hydrogen Chloride solution is spilled
leaked, take the following steps:
Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
Collect material in a convenient manner
and daposit in sealed containers. If
i ecessary, dilute and/or neutralize the
material before collection.
It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Hydrogen .Chloride as a HAZAR-
DOUS WASTE. Contact the Department
of Environmental Protection or
your regional office of the fedaral
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
Hydrogen Chloride gas is leaked, take
2 following steps:
Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of leak until
clean-up is complete.
Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair leak or allow cylinder
to empty.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove
Immediately wash
amounts of water.
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Greater than 1 atm.
68°F
Vater Solubility: Highly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Hydrochloric Acid
Other Names: Anhydrous Hydrochloric Acid;
Chlorohydric Acid; Muriatic Acid
Not intended to be copied
and
sold for commercial
purposes.
New Jersey Depadment
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
of Health
1985
Revision: C 5- Is
AUG 54
I
I
contaminated clothing.
area with large
Seek medical atten-
at
omon Name: HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
WARNING
CORROSIVE
DOES NOT BURN
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
Health hazards on front page
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
HYDROQUINONE
123-31-9
UN 2662
RTK Substance number:
Date: 1/31/86
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
‘ JITh EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can irritate and may burn the
eyes. Contact can irritate the skin,
and may cause a rash.
* Repeated exposure can cause discolor-
ation of the skin, eyes, and inner eye
lids. Over years this can cause cloud-
tg of the eyes and permanently rLrn ’ ga
ion.
. ydroquinone is a very toxic poison if
swallowed; poisoning does not seem to
occur from exposure to dust or vapor.
IDENTIFICATION
Hydroquinone is a white, tan to gray cry-
stalline material. It is used in photo-
graphic developers, in maki.ng dyes, and in
paints, motor fuers soil, polymers, and
medicines.
‘kSON FOR CITATION
ydroquinone is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH,
NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborn exposure
limit is 2 ppm (rng/rn ), which
should not be exceeded during any
15 minute work period.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Hydroquinone is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens
may have a cancer risk. All contact
with this chemical should be reduced to
the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Hydroquinone and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Hydroquinone to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1019
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Hydroquinone
breathed in.
can affect you
when
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
-------
H!DROQUINONE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a suuunary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to }Iydroquinone:
* Exposure can irritate and may burn the
eyes.
* Contact can irritate the skin.
* Hydroquinona can cause fatal poisoning
when swallowed . It does not seem to
cause this effect from exposure to dust
or fumes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Hydroquinone and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Rydroquinone causes MUTATIONS (genetic
changes). Such chemicals may have a
cancer or reprqductive risk.
* Many scientrsts believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Hydro-
quinone may damage the developing fetus
and may decrease fertility in females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated contact can cause a skin rash
to develop. It can also cause changes
in skin color.
* Repeated exposure to Hydroquinone can
cause a staining and discoloration of
the eyes and eye lids. Over years,
this can progress to permanent vision
damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exp sures, the fol-
lowing is recommended:
* Exam of the eyes and vision.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are D a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to llydroqu.Lnone
#78-155.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Hydroquinone should change
into clean clothing promptly.
-------
}I DROQUINONE
page 3 of 5
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Hydroquinone.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for
emergency use.
* On skin contact with Hydroquinona, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Rydroquinone, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hy-
droquinone is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
loved. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORICPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or Jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following - recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every Sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Hydroquinone.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof guggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF R.ESPIR.ATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, Tespirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Hydroquinofle
does not occur.
* Where the potenti l exists for expo-
sures over 2 mg/m , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a high efficiency particulate filter.
More protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirator. Par-
ticulate filters must be checked every
day before work for physical damage,
such as rips or tears, and replaced as
needed. -
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Hydroqui-
none, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuoMs flow mode.
* Exposure to 200 mg/ ia ’ is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
p ssibilicy of exposures above 200 mg/
m exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Hydroquinone you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
-------
HYDROQUINONE page 4 of 5
* Hydroquinone must be stored to avoid
contact with SODIUM HYDROXIDE since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
coo]. well-ventilated area away from OX-
IDIZING MATERIALS.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWEI S
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects’
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A; Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions ( ri’hding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small robins, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
If Hydroquinone is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment fro; area of spill or leak
until cleanuj is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or
* Collect powdered material
convenient and safe manner
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to
pose of Hydroquinone
WASTE. Contact your
mental Program for
mendations.
Vapor Pressure: Less than 0.001 m is Hg
at 68°F (20°C)
Flash Point: 329°F (165°C)
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER CO ff(ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1,4 Denzendiol
Other Names and Formulations:
p-Benzenabiol; Benzoquinal; I ,4-Dihydroxy-
benzene; para.Hydroxyphenol
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>)>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C Y
Commd Name:
HYDROQTJINONE
DOT
Number:
UN 2662
DOT
Emergency
Guide code:
53
CAS
Number:
123-31-9
HANDLING AND STORAGE
FIRST AID
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFI.A (A3IL1TT
I
1 I
IR.EACT1vI
I
0
POISON INFORMATION
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
AVOID CONTACT WITH STRONG OXIDIZERS
Hazard Rating Key: O—uththnal; 1-slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Hydroquinone may burn, but does not
readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , water spray or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY CPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND E RGENCIES
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
(See page 3)
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
leak.
in the most
and deposit
contain and dis-
as a HAZARDOUS
state Environ-
specific recom-
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
Not intended to be copied arid sold for
commercial purposes.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Isobutyraldehyde
Chemical bstract Service * 78—84—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AG 2 CY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identif led in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believ& these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
— A S .
— —r”n’ -— . r —-—- — — —‘- — — — .,—— “ — — — — ‘ 3. ._._-__,_,
-------
Conunon Name:
ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE
RTIC Substance number:
Date: 8/5/87
HAZARD SU ARY
* Isobutyraldehyde can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose
and throat. High levels can irritate
the lungs. Higher levels can cause a
build-up of fluid in the lungs (pul-
monary edema). This can cause death.
* Contact can irritate the skin.
* High levels can cause you to feel diz-
zy, lightheaded and to pass out.
* Isobutyraldehyde is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID
and a FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Isobutyraldehyde is a colorless liquid
with a strong odor. It is used to make
vitamins, perfumes, flavorings and many
other industrial chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Isobutyra1deh d is on the
Substance List because it is
DOT and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WOBXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Isobutyraldehyde. This
does not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should a].-
ways be followed.
It should be recognized that Isobutyral-
dehyde can be absorbed through your skin,
thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Isobutyraldehyde and at the end
of the vorkshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Isobu-
tyraldehyde to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1051.
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
78-84-2
UN 2045
Hazardous
cited by
-------
ISOB 1TYRALDEHYDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information of all i,otential and most
severe health hazards that may result from
exposure. Duration of exposure, concen-
tration of the substance and other factors
will affect your susceptibility to any of
the potential effects described below.
1 ’ DICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with freque tt
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
HEALTH HAZARD INFOEMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Isobutyraldehyde:
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat. Higher levels can irritate the
lungs, causing cough and shortness of
breath. Higher levels may cause a
build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmo-
nary edema). This can cause death.
* High levels can cause you to feel
dizzy, lightheaded and to pass out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Isobutyraldahyde and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to çhe information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Isobutyraldehyde has been
tested and has not been shown to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Isobutyraldehyde has not
•been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Isobutyraldehyde causes lung damage.
* Repeated skin exposure may cause dry-
ness, itching and a rash.
* Isobutyraldehyde may cause a skin al-
lergy. If allergy develops, very low
future exposures can cause itching and
a skin rash.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
-------
ISOBUT!RALDEUTDE
page 3 of 5
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Isobutyraldehyde from . drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Before entering a confined space where
Isobutyraldehyde may be present, check
to make sure that an explosive concen-
tration does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Isobutyraldehyde should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Isobutyraldehyde.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Isobutyraldehyde at the
end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Iso-
butyraldehyd ii handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Isobutyralde-
hyde. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
factu ers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF R.ESPIR.ATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 191.0.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Isobutyral-
dehyde does not occur.
* Where the potential for exposures to
Isobutyraldehyde exists, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Isobutyraldehyde
you should be trained on its proper.
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PER-
OXIDES, PERMANCANATES, CHLORATES and
NITRATES) since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Isobutyraldehyde is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Isobutyralde-
hyde should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
-------
ISOBUTTRALDE IYDE page 4 of 5
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs are already ill, community exposures
and flame arresters. may cause health problems.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Isobutyraldehyde.
* Wherever Isobutyraldehyde is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWE1 S
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohysical. and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exvo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
-------
,>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE
DOT Number: UN 2045
DOT Emergency Guide code: 26
GAS Number: 78-84-2
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFtMAB1I.I ’ ’
I
3 I
IREACTIVITY
I
1
1P0 150N0U8 GAS IS PRODUCED
IC0NTAINER MAY EXPLODE IN
IN FIRE
FIRE
Hazard RatJ.ng Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Isobutyraldehyde is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
alcohol foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Cool fire exposed containers with water
until well after fire is out.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Isobutyraldehyde is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-trp ip complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Isobutyraldehyde out of a confined
space, such as a sever, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Isobutyraldehyde as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<(<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFOPJIATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical. Name: Propanal, 2-Methyl-
Other Names: Isobutanal; Isobutyric
Aldehyde
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Vapor
Flash
Water
Pressure: 170 mm Hg at 68°F
Point: -40°F
Solubility: Slightly soluble
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Isopropy ]. Alcohol
chemical Abstract Service * 67—63—0
A MESSAGE FROM T1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environj efltal Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the pu.blic understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sununaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular, chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Isopropyl. Alcohol is a colorless liquid
that is commonly known as rubbing alco-
hol. It is used as a solvent and in mak-
ing many coercial products.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Isopropyl Alcohol. is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DOT, and other authorities.
* This chemical ii also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is PLDJ*(ABLE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLATCEEXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 400 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 400 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift 800 ppm.
not to be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
ACGI}i: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 400 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
c].ude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 22 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you’re not being exposed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Isopropyl Alcohol.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Iso-
propyl Alcohol to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: ISOPROPTL £LCOH L
CAS NUMBER: 67-63-0
DOT NUMBER: UN 1219
HAZARD SUMMARY
.
* Isopropyl Alcohol can affect you when
* Overexposure may cause headaches, drow-
breathed in and by passing through your
siness, clumsiness, unconsciousness,
skin,
and death.
* There is an increased risk of cancer
* Contact may irritate the skin. Re-
associated with the manufacturing of
peated skin exposure can cause itching,
Isopropyl Alcohol.
* Exposure can cause irritation of the
a rash and drying and cracking.
* Isopropyl. Alcohol is a FLAZ E(ABLE LIQ-
eyes, nose, mouth, and throat.
UID and a FIRE HAZARD.
-------
This fact sheet is a summAry source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this fact
sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer- supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
xALTR RA2ASD O3 ATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to. Isopropyl Alcohol:
* It may irritate the skin, causing a
rash or burning feeling on contact.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* Overexposure to the vapor may cause
headaches, drowsiness, a loss of coor-
dination, collapse, and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Isopropyl Alcohol and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is an increased risk of cancer in
the manufacture of. Isopropyl Alcohol by
the strong-ac id process. It is not
known what causes this increased risk.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Skin exposure can cause itching, red-
ness, and rashes in some people; re-
peated or prolonged exposure can cause
dryness and cracking of skin.
NEDICAL TESTING
* There is no special test for this chem-
ical. However, if illness occurs or
overexposure is suspected, medical at-
tention is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic. chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, GI-
p WU Two CONTROLS are the most effective
way of .reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion La enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating.opera
tiona can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
automatically pump liq-
Alcohol. from drums or
containers to process
* Where possible,
uid Isopropyl .
other storage
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Isopropyl Alcohol #76-142.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Isopropyl. Alcohol. should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* On skin contact with Isopropyl. Alcohol.,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Iso-
propyl Alcohol. is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
Request c opies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
-------
The following
guidelines and
uation.
¶JORXPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
recommendations are only
may not apply to every sit-
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Isopropyl Alco-
hol. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommend-
ations on the most protective g].ove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends natural rubber, neo-
prene, nLtrile, or polyvinyl chloride
protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full acepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IZIPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed inOSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 400 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator with an organic va-
por cartridge/canister. More protection
is provided by a full facepiece respi-
rator than by a half.oask respirator.
and even greater protection is provided
by a powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
caste, or otherwise detect Xsopropyl
Alcohol, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
• ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. ?ou may need
a combination of filters, pref titers,
cartridges, or canisters; to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MS1iA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 20,000 ppm is i ediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 20,000
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING MID STORAGE
* Prior to working with Isopropyl Alcohol
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Isopropyl Aléohol must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXiDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUO -
RINE) since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Iso-
propyl Alcohol is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Isopropyl. Alco-
hol should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs,
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Isopropyl Alcohol.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
-------
Page4 S.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to che ica1s?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lover than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Be.cat.is of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
I
-------
expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
jUg HAZABDS
* iiopropyl. Alcohol. is a FL NMABI2 LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* Toxic gases (such as carbon monoxide)
may be released in a fire involving
Iaopropyl Alcohol..
* If employees are
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND fERCZNCIES
If Iaopropyl Alcohol is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persona not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Xsopr.opyl Alcohol out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possi i1ity of an explosion, un-
less the sever ‘is designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Isopropyl Alcohol. as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection
or your regional. office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3.)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and tower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical faci].-
ity’.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 33 Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 53°F
Vater Solubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLT USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Propanol.
Other Names: Rubbing Alcohol; Diinethyl-
carbinol; Isopropanol; sec-Propyl Alcohol
DOSpSpOrSd August 1985
RsvIsloft Q S- Is
AUO 54
Common Name: ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
DOT Number: UN 121.9
NFPA Flammability 3
NYPA ReactivitY: 0
WARNING
FOR LANCE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Depar ent.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Maleic anhydride
Chemical Abstract Service t 108—31—6
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
108- 31-6
UN 2215
RTI( Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Maleic Anhydride can affect you when
breathed in.
* Contact can cause severe burns of the
skin and eyes. The extent of the in-
jury may not be immediately apparent.
* Exposure to its dust or vapor may irri-
tate the nose, throat and lungs.
* Maleic Anhydride may cause a skin or
lung allergy to develop, so that even
small future exposures can cause itch-
ing and skin rash and/or an asthma-like
episode.
IDENTIFICATION
Maleic Anhydride is a colorless crystal-
line or white, lumpy solid with a strong
odor. It is used for coating automobile
bodies and making other chemicals and de-
tergents.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Maleic Anhydride is on the RTK
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACCIH,
DOT, NFPA and other authorities.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.32 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.25 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.25 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour worlcshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Maleic Arthydride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Haleic
Anhydride to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N•w Jersey Departmsnt of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1152
-------
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
This Fact Sheet is a summpry source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Maleic Anhydride:
* Contact can ca se severe burns of the
skin. It is not immediately painful,
and deeper burns may occur if it is not
removed immediately. It can also cause
severe burns of the eyes, leading to
permanent damage.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Maleic Anhydride and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Maleic Anhydride has been
tested and has not been shown to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Mal.eic Anhydride has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long—Term Effects
* It may cause a skin allergy. If an al-
lergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Exposure may also
allergy. Future
asthma attacks
breath, wheezing,
tightness.
page 2 of 5
* The chemical can irritate the lungs.
Repeated exposures may cause bronchitis
to develop with cough, phlegm and/or
shortness of breath.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests. These may be nor-
mal if the person is not having an at-
tack at the time of the test.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub.
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro.
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
cause an asthma-like
exposures can cause
with shortness of
coughing and/or chest
-------
MAILEIC ANHYDRIDE
page 3 of 5
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
.exp.QsLLires are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
oinmended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Maleic Anhydride from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Maleic Anhydride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Naleic Anhydride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Naleic Anhydride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted l4aleic Anhydride at the
end of each work day, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Hal-
eic Anhydride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Haleic Anhydride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER ThAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Maleic Anhy-
dride. Wear acid-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with molten
liquid or dust-proof goggles and face-
shield when working with solids unless
full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF R.ESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.25 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister
with dust and mist filters. Greater
protection is provided by a powered-air
purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Haleic Anhy-
dride, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or can-
ister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
-------
MALEIC M YDRIDE
page 4 of 5
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Maleic Anhydride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Maleic Anhydride must be stored to
avoid contact with WATER and STRONG OX-
IDIZERS (such as CHLORINE and BROMINE)
since violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Maleic
Anhydride is used, handled, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other vhysical and me -
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
UN 2215
Guide code: 60
108- 31-6
INJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY I 1
REACTIVITY I 1
COMBUSTIBLE SOLID I
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE I
IDO NOT USE WATER OR DRY CHEMICAL I
IDUST AND VAPORS MAY EXPLODE I
I I
Hazard Rating key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Haleic Anhydride is a COMBUSTIBLE
SOLID.
* Use CO 2 or alcohol foam extinguishers.
* Use of OTHER DRY CHEMICALS or WATER ex-
tinguishers may cause an EXPLOSION.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Dust clouds of Maleic Anhydride or the
vapors of molten Maleic Anhydride are
EXPLOSIVE on contact with spark or
flame.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Ma] .eic Anhydride is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* Keep Maleic Anhydride out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Maleic Anhydrida as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.16 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 215°F
Water So].ubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2,5 - Furandione
Other Names and Formulations:
Butenedioic Anhydride; Maleic
Anhydride; Toxilic Anhydride
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
cis-
Acid
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methanol
(Methyl Alcohol)
Chemical Abstract Service 1 67—56—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
METHYL ALCOHOL
67-56-1
UN 1230
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Methyl Alcohol
breathed in and
skin.
* Exposure can cause blindness.
* It may damage the liver.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
cause headaches, nausea, vomiting and
dizziness. It can cause death.
* Repeated or prolonged contact can cause
dryness and cracking of the skin.
* Methyl Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID
and a FIRE HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl Alcohol is a colorless liquid with
a strong odor. It is used as a solvent
and cleaner.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl Alcohol is on the RTK Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH
and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLA1OIABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained
tional diseases.
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 100 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 200 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 200 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift and 800 ppm,
not to be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 200 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 250 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Methyl Alcohol and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methyl
Alcohol to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1222
can affect you when
by passing through your
to recognize occupa-
Take this Fact Sheet
-------
METHYL ALCOHOL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a stIInm ry source of in-
formation of all iotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
* Liver function tests.
* Exam of the eyes and vision.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
HEALTH HAZARD INFOBMAT ION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl Alcohol:
* Contact may irritate the eyes, and
exposure to high concentrations can
irri-tate the eyes, nose, mouth, and
throat.
* Breathing the vapor or absorbing the
liquid through the skin can cause
permanent blindness.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
cause headaches, nausea, vomiting and
dizziness. It can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Methyl Alcohol and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methyl Alcohol has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methyl Alcohol has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* It may damage the liver.
* Repeated or prolonged contact can cause
dryness and cracking of the skin.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following are recommended:
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Methyl Alcohol from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document on
Methyl Alcohol # 76-148.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Methyl Alcohol should change
into clean clothing promptly.
-------
METHYL ALCOHOL
page 3 of 5
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methyl Alcohol.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Methyl Alcohol at the
end of each work day, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Methyl Alcohol is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPL&CE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recouune tdations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Alcohol.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Nitrile Rubber or VI-
TON as good to excellent protective ma-
terials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 200-. ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 25,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 25,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methyl Alcohol
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Methyl Alcohol must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUORINE).
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Methyl
Alcohol is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more should be grounded
and bonded. Drums must be equipped
with self-closing valves, pressure vac-
uum bungs, and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Methyl Alcohol.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
-------
METHYL ALCOHOL page 4 of 5
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined soace” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFL A M MABILITY
I
3
I
REACTIVITY
I
I
0
I
I FLAMMABLE LIQUID
I
IPOISONOUS CASES ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Methyl Alcohol is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 . or alcohol foam
extinguishers and water to keep fire
exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Formaldehyde.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Methyl Alcohol is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Methyl Alcohol out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Alcohol as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
METHYL ALCOHOL
UN 1230
Guide code: 28
67-56-1
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-Methoxyetliano 1
Chemical Abstract Service 1 109—86-4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMEN L PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emer9ency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance number: 1211
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SU ARY
* 2-Mathoxyathano ]. can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* 2-Xethoxyethanol should be handled as a
TERATOGEN- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* 2-Methoxyathanol can cause reproductive
damage. Handle with extreme caution.
* Prolonged exposure causes low blood
count (anemia) and other blood abnorm-
alities.
* Exposure can cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
* Repeated exposure can cause headaches,
weakness, drowsiness, personality
changes and tremors.
* Exposure can drnilRge the kidneys.
IDENTIFICATION
2-Nethoxyethanol is a common colorless
solvent for resins, lacquers, paints, and
varnishes. It can also be found in clean-
ing compounds, cosmetics and is used as a
fuel de-icer additive.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2-Mathoxyathano]. is on the
Substance List because it is
ACGIH, DOT and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 2.3 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEt) is 25 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* NIOSH recommends that exposure to 2-
Methoxyethanol be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* 2-Mathoxyethanol may be a teratogen in
humans. All contact with this chemical
should be reduced to the lowest pos-
sible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 2-Methoxyethanol and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 2-
Methoxyethanol to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N•w Jeruy Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
“ommon Name: 2METHOX YETHANOL
Number:
DOT Number:
109-86-4
UN 1188
Hazardous
cited by
-------
2 -METROXYEThANOL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION -
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 2-Methoxyethanol:
* Exposure can cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat and lungs with cough
and/or shortness of breath.
* Higher exposure may cause a build-up of
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
This can cause death.
* Very high levels can cause you to be-
come dizzy, lightheaded and to pass
out.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 2-Methoxyethanol and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 2-Methoxyethanol has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* 2-Xethoxyethanol may be a TERATOCEN in
humans since it has been shown to be a
teratogen in animals.
* I may damage the testes (male repro-
ductive glands) and also decrease fer-
tility in males.
Other Long—Term Effects
* Prolonged exposure can cause low blood
count (anemia) and other blood abnor-
malities.
* Repeated exposure can cause headaches,
weakness, drowsiness, personality
changes, sleepiness, loss of weight,
upset stomach, and tremors.
* 2-Methoxyethano]. can damage the kid-
neys.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether 2-
Methoxyathano]. causes lung damage.
! DICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular tjnies after that:
* Lung function tests.
* Complete blood count.
* Kidney function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Exam of the nervous system.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure. Request copies of
your medical testing. You have a legal
right to this information under OS}IA
1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
S
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
-------
2 -METEOXYETHANOL
page 3 of 5
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 2-Xethoxyethanol from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
NIOSH Current Izitelligence Bulletin 39,
on Glycol Ethers, # 83 -112.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 2-Methoxyethanol should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
2-Methoxyethanol.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 2-I4ethoxyethanol,
immediately wash or shower. to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted 2-Methoxyethanol,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-
Methoxyethanol is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2-Methoxyeth-
anol. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* Neoprene is recommended as a protective
material by manufacturers.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 2,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 2,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2-Methoxyethanol
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
-------
2 -NETHOXYETHANOL
page 4 of 5
* 2-Methoxyethanol must be stored to
avoid contact with OXIDIZERS (such as
PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANCANATES,
CHLORATES, and NITRATES) and STRONG
CAUSTICS since violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where 2-Xe-
thoxyethanol is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Wherever 2-Xethoxyethanol is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage? -
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
risk from re-
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohysical and me-
chanical urocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined soace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
. FlAMMABILITY
I
2
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
I
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
I
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 2-Methoxyethanol is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* Vapors may travel to sources of igni-
tion and flash-back.
* Vapor explosion hazard.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2-Xethoxyethanol is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing, protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Use water spray to reduce vapors.
* Keep 2-Xethoxyethanol out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 2-Xethoxyethanol as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N c<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
2 -METHOXYETHANOL
UN 1188
Guide code: 26
109-86-4
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl acrylate
Chemical Abstract Service * 96—33-1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about tile chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive maimer. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
) TNYL A RYLATE
96-33-3
TiN 1919
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Methyl Acrylate can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Breathing high levels may cause severe
lung irritation and may lead to fluid
in the lungs (pulmonary edema).. This
can cause death.
* Prolonged exposure to Methyl Acrylate
may cause liver and kidney damage.
* Prolonged contact can cause severe dam-
age to the skin and eyes.
* Exposure may cause a skin allergy to
develop.
* Methyl Acrylate is a FI MM&BLE and RE-
ACTIVE LIQUID and is a FIRE AND EXPLO-
SION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl Acrylate is a clear, colorless
liquid with a sharp sweet, and fruity
odor. It is used to manufacture polymers,
Vitamin B 1 , adhesives, and surfactants.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl Acrylate is on the RTK Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLAMM&BLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.0048 ppm.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 10 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Methyl Acrylate and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methyl
Acrylate to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
N•w Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substance.
1219
-------
METHYL ACRYLATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a stlnmiRry source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that: .
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl Acrylate:
* Breathing )fethy.l Acrylate may irritate
the lungs causing coughing and/or
shortness of breath. Higher exposures
can cause a build-up of fluid in the
lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* Prolonged contact can cause severe eye
and skin dRmRge.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose
and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Methyl Acrylate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey. Department
of Health, Methyl Acrylate has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methyl Acry].ate has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Methyl Acrylate may damage the liver
and kidneys.
* I may also cause a skin allergy. If
allergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Methyl Acrylate causes lung damage.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
-------
METHYL ACRYLATE
page 3 of 5
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Methyl Acry].ate from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Methyl Acrylate should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methyl Acrylate.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Methyl Acrylate,
immediately wash or shover to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Methyl Acrylate is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Acry-
late. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 10 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 1,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
- possibility of exposures above 1,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methyl Acrylate
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Methyl Acrylate must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANCANATES,
CHLORATES and NITRATES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
-------
METhYL ACRYLATE
page 4 of 5
HEAT and MOISTURE. At temperatures
above 70°F, a violent reaction could
take place.
* Methyl Acrylate should always be used
with an inhibitor. Check that the cor-
rect concentration of inhibitor is
used; if it is not, a violent reaction
could occur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Methyl Acrylate is handled, used, or
stored. -
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Methyl Acrylate
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Methyl Acry].ate.
* Wherever Methyl Acrylate is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can 1 get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick. -
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysical and me-
chanl.cal processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined siace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex- s
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
METHYL ACRYLATE
UN 1919
Guide code: 26
96-33-3
I
NJ DOH Hazard ratina
I
FLAMMABILITY ‘ INot Found
REACTIVITY INot Found
I I
JFLAMMABLE LIQUID I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE I
I I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Methyl Acrylate is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers. Water can be used to keep
fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires,, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Methyl Acrylate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Methyl Acrylate out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Acrylate as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
I HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 30 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
I ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing over ex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 68.2 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 13°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic Acid, Methyl
Ester
Other Names and Formulations: Methyl
Propenoate; Methoxy-carbonylethylene;
Acrylic Acid Methyl Ester
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Oftice of Toxic Substances
4,4 ‘—Methylenebis(2—chloroaniline)
Chemical Abstract Service * 101—14—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
_ns.
4,4’ —I. THYLENEBIS
(2 -cHLOROANILINE)
101- 14-4
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
1250
in
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4,4’ -Methylenebis (2-ChJ.oroaniline) can
affect you when breathed in and by
passing through your skin.
* 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-Chioroaniline) is
a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* Exposure can interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen causing
headaches, dizziness, nausea and a blu-
ish color to the skin and lips. High
levels can cause trouble breathing,
collapse and death.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
* High or repeated exposures may affect
the kidneys, cause a low blood count
and cause bloody urine.
IDENTIFICATION
4,4’ -Nethylenebis (2-Ch].oroaniline) is
found as a tan-colored solid. It is used
‘anufacture of polyurethanes and epoxy
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4,4’-Xethylenebis (2-Chioroaniline) is
on the Hazardous Substance List because
it is regulated by OSHA and cited by
ACGIH, NIOSH, NTP, CAG and DEP.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPL&CE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: Standard formally revoked
1975.
NIOSH: The recommended airbo 9 e exposure
limit is 0.003 mg/rn averaged
over a 10-hour workshift (lowest
detectable level).
ACGIH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.22 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-Chioroaniline) is
a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 4,4’-Xethylenebis (2-
Chioroaniline) is handled, used, or
stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4,4’-Hethylenebis (2-Chloroani-
line) and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. As part of an ongoing
education and training effort, communi-
cate all information on the health and
safety hazards of 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-
Chloroaniline) to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
4,4’ -NETHYLENEBIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORZ4AT ION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 4,4’-Mathylenebis (2-
Chioroaniline):
* Exposure can interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen (a condi-
tion called methemoglobinemia). This
can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea
and a bluish color to the skin and
lips. Higher levels can cause trouble
breathing, collapse and even death.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 4,4’-l4ethylenebis (2-Chioroani-
line) and can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,4’-Methy].enebis (2-Chioroaniline) is
a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans. There
is some evidence that it causes lung,
liver and bladder cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 4,4’-Xethylenebis (2-Chioro-
aniline) has not been tested for its
ability to adversely affect reproduc-
tion.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High or repeated exposures may damage
the kidneys and can cause bloody urine.
* 4,4’-I1ethylenebis (2-Chloroaniline) may
cause a low blood count.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Blood methemoglobin level.
* Complete blood count.
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
oinmended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
4,4’ -I1ethylenebis (2-Chloroaniline)
from drums or other storage containers
to process containers.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-Chloro-
-------
4,4’ -METHYLENEBIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
page 3 of 5
aniline) should change into clean
clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4,4’ -Methyhenebis (2-Chioroaniline).
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4,4’-Methylenebis
(2-Chioroaniline), immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the
end of the workshift, wash any areas of
the body that may have contacted 4,4’-
Methylenebis (2.-Chioroaniline), whether
or not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,4’-
Nethylenebis (2-Chioroaniline) is han-
dled, processed, or stored, since the
chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands
carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,4’-I4ethyle-
nebis (2-Chioroaniline). Wear protec-
tive gloves and clothing. Safety equip-
ment suppliers/manufacturers can pro-
vide recommendations on the most pro-
tective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits,
footwear, headgear) should be
available each day and put on
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4,4’-Xethylenebis
(2-Chioroaniline) you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
* 4,4’ -Methylenebis (2-Chioroaniline)
must be stored to avoid contact with
CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as P0-
TASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and ZINC)
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-
Chioroaniline) is handled, used, or
stored.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur front repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
gloves,
clean,
before
-------
4,4’-METHYLENEBIS (2-CULOROANILINE) page 4 of 5
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface .areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined sDace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLA M MABILITY
Inot foundi
IREACTIVITY
Inot foundi
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN FIRE I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Chlorine and Nitrogen oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-Chioroaniline) is
spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* I may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 4,4’-Methylenebis (2-Chioroani-
line) as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact
your state Environmental Program for
specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: 4,4’ —METHYLENEBIS
(2 -CHLOROANILINE)
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
None
Guide code: No Citation
101-14-4
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4,4 ‘-Methylenebis (N,N-dimethyl )benzenaznine
Chemical Abstract Service * 101—61—1
A SSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: 4,4’ —METHYLENEBIS
(N, N-DIMETHYL)
BENZENM4INE
CAS Number: 101-61-1
DOT Number: None
RTK Substance number: 1252
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4,4’-Xethylenebis (N,N-Dimethy].) Ben-
zenamine can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N -Dimethyl) Ben-
zenamina is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* High exposure can interfere with the
ability of the blood to carry oxygen (a
condition called methemoglobLnem.La).
This can cause headaches, dizziness,
weakness and a bluish color to the skin
and lips. Higher levels can cause
trouble breathing, collapse and death.
IDENTIFICATION
4,4’ -Hethylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Ben-
zenamine is a crystalline compound. It is
used in dye manufacture and as an an-
alytical reagent for Lead.
EASON FOR CITATION
* 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N-Diaethyl) Ben-
zenamine is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by NTP and
DEP.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N-
Dimethyl) Benzenamina. This does not mean
that this substance is not harmful. Safe
work practices should always be followed.
It should be recognized that 4,4’-Met-
hylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benzenamine can
be absorbed through your skin, thereby
increasing your exposure.
* 4,4’-Xethylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benze-
nainine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in hu-
mans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N-
Dimethyl) Benzenamine is handled, used,
or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N-Dime-
thyl) Benzenamine and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 4,4’-
Methylenebis (N, N-Dimethyl) Benzenamine
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Nsw Jsrs.y D.partm.nt of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
4,4’ -NETHYLENEBIS (N ,N-DIMETHYL) BENZENAMINE
page 2 of S
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 4,4’-Xethylenebis (N,N-
Dimethyl) Benzenamine:
* High exposures, from either skin con-
tact or breathing, can interfere with
the ability of the blood to carry oxy-
gen. This can cause headaches, dizzi-
ness, weakness, nausea and a bluish
color to the skin and lips. Still
higher exposures can cause trouble
breathing, collapse and even death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 4,4’-Xethylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl)
Benzenamine and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,4’ -Mathylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benze-
namine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in hu-
mans. It has been shown to cause liver
and thyroid cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 4,4’-l4ethylenebis (N,N-Dime-
thy].) Benzenamine has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect re-
production.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Some related (aniline-type) chemicals
can cause skin allergy. Once allergy
develops, even low future exposures can
trigger rash and itching. It is not
known whether 4,4’-Nethylenebis (N,N-
Dimethyl) Benzenamine has this effect.
* Other long term effects are unknown at
this time.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Blood test for methemoglobin.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
4,4’ -Methylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benze-
namine from drums or other storage con-
tainers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
-------
4,4’ -METHYLENEBIS (N, N-DINETHYL) BENZENANINE
page 3 of 5
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N-Dime-
thyl) Benz enamine should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4,4’ -Hethylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Ben-
zenatnine.
* On skin contact with 4,4’-Methylenebis
(N,N-Dimethyl) Benzenainine, immediately
wash or shower to remove the chemical.
At the end of the workshift, wash any
areas of the body that may have con-
tacted 4,4’ -Methylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl)
Benzenamine, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,4’-
Methylenebis (N, N-Dimethyl) Benzenamine
is handled, processed, or stored, since
the chemical can be swallowed. Wash
hands carefully before eating or smok-
ing.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,4’-Methylene-
bis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benzenamine. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to 4,4’-Xethy-
lenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benzenamine does
not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4,4’-Methylenebis
(N,N-Dimethyl) Benzenamine you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* 4,4’-Methylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Benze-
namine must be stored to avoid contact
with OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES,
PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES and
NITRATES) and STRONG ACIDS (such as 1W-
DROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 4,4’-Xethylenebis (N,N-
Dimethyl) Benzenamine is handled, used,
or stored.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
-------
4,4’-METff1’LENEBIS (N,N-DINETIIYL) BENZENAXINE page 4 of 5
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc- unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
cur from repeated exposures to a chem- a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
ical at levels not high enough to make mals at high doses could cause cancer
you immediately sick. in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing onera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ihvsical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined snace” exDo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
-------
(NJ DOR Hazard rating
IFLAI1MABILITY
I
0
I REACTIVITY
(POISONOUS GASES ARE
PRODUCED
I
IN
0
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Nitrogen Oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,4’-Nethylenebis (N,N-Dimethyl) Ben-
zenamine is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 4,4’-Xethy].enebis (N,N-Diine-
thyl) Benzenamine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COI*IONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Aniline ,4 , 4’ -Methylene-
bis(N,N-Di-methyl) -
Other Names and Formulations:
Michler’s Base; Methane Base Michler’s
Hydride; Michler’s Methane; Tetra-Base
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>)>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name: 4,4’—NETHYLENEBIS (N,N-
DIMETHYL) BENEZENAMINE
DOT
Number:
None
DOT
Emergency
Guide
code: No Citation
CAS
Number:
101-61-1
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methylene bromide
Chemical Abstract Service * 74-95-3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
METHYLENE BROMIDE
74-95-3
UN 2664
RTK Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD STTh1MARY
* Mathylene Bromide can affect you when
breathed in.
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded and to pass out. High
levels can cause death.
* Nethylene Bromide can cause the heart
to beat irregularly or stop. This can
cause death.
* Repeated exposure may & m ge the liver
and kidneys.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
IDENTIFICATION
Mathylene Bromide is a colorless liquid.
It is used as a solvent and to make other
chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* llathy].ene Bromide is on the
Substance List because it is
DOT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have
established for Mathylene Bromide.
does not mean that this substance
harmful. Safe work practices
always be followed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to )fathylane Bromide.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methy-
lane Bromide to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Depaitm.nt of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1254
been
This
is not
should
Hazardous
cited by
-------
METhYLENE BROMIDE
page 2 of 4
This Fact Sheet is a summRry source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methylene Bromide:
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded, and to pass out. High
levels can cause death.
* Methylene Bromide can cause the heart
to beat irregularly or stop, which
could lead to sudden death.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Nethylene Bromide and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methylene Bromide has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methylene Bromide has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated skin contact can cause dry-
ness, itching and irritation.
* Repeated exposure may damage the liver
and/or the kidneys.
* Repeated high exposure can cause both
Bromine and Carbon Monoxide to build-up
in the body. CONSULT THE NJ DOH FACT
SHEETS ON THESE VO SUBSTANCES.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Serum Bromine level.
* Carboxyhemoglobin level.
* loiter monitor (a special 24 hour EKG
to look for irregular heart beat).
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Cood WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Methylene Bromide should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methylene Bromide.
-------
) THYLENE BROMIDE
page 3 of 4
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Methylene Bromide at the
end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Me-
thy].ene Bromide is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs dane while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methylene Bro-
mide. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Methylene
Bromide does not occur.
* Where the potential for exposure to
Methylene Bromide exists, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other DhVSical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined soace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard ratinz
FLA M MABILITY
I
0
REACTIVITY
I
0
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Xethylene Bromide may burn, but does
not readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Bromine and Bromides.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Cool fire exposed containers with water
until well after fire is out.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Hethylene Bromide is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methylene Bromide as a HAZARD-
OUS WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 4 of 4
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<(<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methylene Bromide
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed container in a
well, ventilated area away from poten-
tial high heat sources.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 48 mm Hg at 72°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER CONMONLY USED MANES
Chemical Name: Methane, Dibromo-
Other Name and Formulations:
Me thylenedibromide
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
NETHYLENE BROMIDE
UN 2664
Guide code: 74
74-95-3
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4,4 ‘—Methylenedianiline
Chemical Abstract Service 11 101—77—9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: 4,4’ —METHYLENE DIANILINE
RTK Substance number: 1256
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUNMARY
* 4,4’-Methylene Dianiline can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin.
* 4,4’-Methylene .Dianiline should be
handled as a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* A single large exposure or repeated
smaller exposures can cause serious
liver disease (toxic hepatitis) with
symptoms of fever, upper abdominal
pain, jaundice, and loss of appetite.
‘ ,4’-Xethylene Dianiline may affect the
:dneys.
* £xposure can irritate the eyes.
IDENTIFICATION
4,4’-Methylene Dianiline is a light brown
crystalline (sugar or sand-like) solid.
It is used as an epoxy hardening agent and
in making resins and rubber.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4 ,4’4fethylene Dianiline is on the
1 azardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACGIH, NIOSH, NFPA and other
authorities.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSI4A 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORICPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* 4,4’-Methylene Diani].ine may be a
CANCER- CAUSING AGENT in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4,4’-Methylene Dianiline and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 4,4’-
)fethylene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
101-77-9
None
-------
4,4 ‘-METHYLENE DIANILINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a stImm ry source of in-
formation of all øotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Liver function tests.
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 4,4’-Nethylene:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes.
* 4,4’-Nethy].ene Dianiline can cause
liver disease (toxic hepatitis) from a
single large exposure. Symptoms could
include loss of appetite, jaundice,
dark urine, fever, upper abdominal pain
and fatigue.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 4,4’-Methy].ene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,4’-Nethylene Dianiline may be a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans since it
has been shown to cause liver, thyroid
and other types of cancers in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 4,4’-Nethylene Dianiline has
not been tested for its ability to ad-
versely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the liver
and may damage the kidneys.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
4,4’-Methylene Diani].ine from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
-------
4,4’ -NETHYLENE DIANILINE
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by 4 ,4’-Methy].ene Dianiline
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4,4’ -Methylene Dianiline.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4,4’-Xethylene
Dianiline, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical. At the end of
the workshift, wash any areas of the
body that may have contacted 4,4’-
Methylene Dianiline, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,4’-
Methylene Dianiline is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation -
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,4’-Nethylene
Dianiline. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommend-
ations on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
page 3 of 5
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and faceshield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OP RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina o era-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
-------
4,4’ -METHYLENE DIANILINE page 4 of 5
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanica]. processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemical,s in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than
people usually are exposed o?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E.-..N C Y
Common Name: 4,4’ —METHYLENE DIANILINE
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 101-77-9
INJ fOR Hazard rating
IFLA1 ’ NABILITY I 1
IREACTIVITY I 0
ICANCER-CAUSING AGENT I
I I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 4,4’-Methylene Dianiline may burn, but
does not readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,4’-Xethylene Dianiline is spilled,
take the following steps:
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 428°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
4,4’ -Methylenebis Benzenamine
Other Names and Formulations:
MDA; DDM; 4,4’ -Diaminodiphenylmethane;
Methylenebis(aniline)
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 4,4’-Methy].ene as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
Not .Lnt ended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with
you should be trained
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE,
BROMINE, and FLUORINE).
4,4’ -Methylene
on its proper
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chemical Abstract Service t 78—93-3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by th.
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl Ethyl. etone is a clear colorless
liquid with a fragrant, mint- like, odor.
It is used as a solvent and in making
plastics, textiles, and paint.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl Ethyl Eetone is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA.
* Definitions are provided.
WORKPlACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 200 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 200 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 200 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift 300 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure 1im ,t.)..
* The above exposure limits are for gj
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be ovezexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Methyl Ethyl Eatone may be a teratogen.
All contact with this chemical should
be reduced to the lowest possible
level.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
youremployer. If you think you are ex-
penancing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 5.4 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Methyl Ethyl Zatone.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
s it ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methyl
Ethyl etone to potentially exposed
workers. -
COMMON NAME: mYL ETHYL KETONE -
CAS NUMBER: - 78-93-3 DOT NUMBER: UN 1193
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Methyl Ethyl Ketone can affect you when other solvents, can IIA!n ge the nervous
breathed in and by passing through your system.
skin. * The liquid can severely burn the eyes
* The chemical should be handled as a and way irritate the skin. Repeated ex-
teratogen- -with extreme caution. posure can cause drying and cracking of
* Exposure can cause dizziness, headache, the skin. The vapor can irritate the
blurred vision, and cause you to pass eyes, nose, mouth, and throat.
out. Repeated exposures, along with * It is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a s nmnary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl Ethyl getone:
* Contact may irritate the skin, causing
a rash or burning feeling.
* The liquid can severely burn the eyes,
leading to permanent d i ge.
* Exposure to the vapor can Irritate the
ayes, nose, mouth, and throat.
* Exposure to high concentrations can
cause dizziness, lightheadedness, head-
ache, nausea, and blurred vision.
Higher levels may cause you to pass
out.
Cbrcmic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure and can last for months or years:
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Methyl
Ethyl Ketone is a teratogen in animals.
Until further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible
teratogen in hum ti .
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure, in conjunction with
certain other solvents, can dm *ge the
nervous system, causing nuzflbness and
weakness in the hands and feet.
* Long-term skin exposure can cause dry-
ing and cracking of the skin.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop, or overexposure is
suspected, exam of the nervous system is
recommended. Special teats for nerve
Irn.age called nerve conduction studies,
may be useful.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for
I
‘ 4 ’ ge already done are a substitute
for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Methyl Ethyl Ketone in combination with
Methyl Butyl Ketone and possibly other
solvents can dm *ge the nervous system.
VOR PLAICE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local, exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Methyl Ethyl Ketone from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Ketones # 78 -1 73.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone should
chAnge into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Page2
-------
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Methyl Ethyl Xe-
tone, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Methyl Ethyl Xetone is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPlACE CONTROLS ARE BET1 ER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed , personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (gloves, foot-
wear, headgear) should be clean, avail-
able each day, and put on before work.
* ACGIH recommends the use of Butyl rub-
ber materials in protective clothing.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 200 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered .air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a half-mask or a full
facepiece respirator, you can detect
Methyl Ethyl Ketone, you are being ex-
posed. Check that the respirator-to-
face seal is good. If it is, you may
need to change the filter, cartridge,
or canister. If the seal is no longer
good, you may need a new respirator.
* Because you may be potentially exposed
to a mixture of chemicals or forms (va-
por or mist, particulates) you may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
yourself.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHAJNIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode.
* Exposure to 3,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 3,000
ppm exists use an MSHA/NIOSI1 approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING MID STORAGE
* Prior to Working with Methyl Ethyl Xe-
tone you should be trained on its
proper h*iidling and storage.
* Methyl Ethyl Ketons must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUO -
RINK), since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT, SPARES, or FLAME.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Methyl
Ethyl Ketone is used, handled, or
stored in a wanner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Methyl Ethyl
Ketone should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs,
and flame arresters. -
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
QUESTIONS MID ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
Page 3
-------
Page 4
: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods.. Because of this, and because
•of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Are pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnnnt women, are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and , women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a taratogen in ji i ’h uils?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently th*n they af-
fect animals, d nge to animals sug-
gests that similar II am ge can occur in
hnman g.
I.
-------
Common Name: hamiL ETHYL KETONE
DOT Number: UN 1.193
NFPA Fl miahility: 3
I Reactivity: 0
FIRE HA?ARflS
* Methyl Ethyl Ketone is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID.
* Use dry chemical, co 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers. Water should be used to
keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND M GERCIES
If Methyl Ethyl Ketone
leaked, take the folloving
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Methyl Ethyl Ketone out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, tin-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Ethyl Ketone as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the - - Depo t-
mont of Environmental Protection -
or your regional office of the fedAril
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3.)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medical
attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity..
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 70.6 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 21°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
0maa COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: MEK; 2-Butanone
Other Names: Ethyl Methyl Ketone; Butanone
DaI.pi.pois August 1985
Rsvlslan O S. IS
MG 14
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
is spilled or
steps:
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl isocyanate
Chemical Abstract Service * 624—83—9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Re lease Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTh Substance number: 1270
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD ST3 ARY
* Methyl Isocyanate can affect you when
breathed in.
* Exposure may cause miscarriages among
pregnant women.
* Exposure can severely irritate the
eyes, nose, and throat. Higher levels
can irritate the lungs causing a build-
up of fluid (pulmonary edema). This
can cause death.
* Contact can irritate and burn the
skinand eyes, causing blindness.
* Methyl Isocyanate may cause an asthma-
like allergy to develop.
* I is a FLAMMABLE and HIGHLY REACTIVE
CHEMICAL and is a FIRE and DANGEROUS
EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl Isocyanate is a volatile, color-
less liquid with an unpleasant odor that
causes tears. It is used in making pes-
ticides, polyurethane foams and plastics.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl Isocyanate is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NFPA
and other authorities.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 2.1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.02 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.02 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Methyl Isocyanate and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methyl
Isocyanate to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of H.afth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: METHYL ISOCYANATE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
624- 83-9
UN 2480
-------
METHYL ISOCYANATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all ootential and most severe
health hazards that may tesult from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
during exposure, often get worse after
leaving work, and are much better the
next day.
* Repeated exposure may lead to permanent
lung damage. This may occur at air
levels too low to cause noticeable
symptoms.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl Isocyanate:
* Exposure is seyerely irritating to the
eyes, nose and throat. Higher levels
can irritate and burn the lungs, caus-
ing a build-up of fluid (pulmonary ede-
ma). This can cause death.
* Contact can irritate and burn the skin.
* Methyl Isocyanate can burn the eyes
causing blindness.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Methyl Isocyanate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methyl Isocyanate has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is an association between expo-
sure to Methyl Isocyanate and increases
in miscarriages among pregnant women.
* There is limited evidence that Methyl
Isocyanate may damage the developing
fetus.
* There is limited evidence that Methyl
Isocyanate may decrease fertility in
males and females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Methyl Isocyanate may cause an asthma-
like allergy. Future exposures can
cause asthma attacks with shortness of
breath, wheezing, cough, and/or chest
tightness. Symptoms typically occur
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests. These may be nor-
mal at first if person is not having an
attack at the time.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Lung function tests done before and
Just after exposure to Methyl Isocya-
nate.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposure
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
-------
METHYL ISOCYANATE
page 3 of 5
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary_..._.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
onimended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Methyl Isocyanate from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORIC PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Methyl Isocyanate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methyl Isocyanate.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Methyl Isocyanate,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Methyl Isocyanate,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Meth-
yl Isocyanate is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Isocya-
nate. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.02 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 20 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 20 ppm ex-
-------
METHYL ISOCYANATE
page 4 of 5
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methyl Isocyanate
you should be trained-—on-. Lts proper
handling and storage.
* Methyl Isocyanate must be stored to
avoid contact with WATER; ACID; ALKALI;
AMINES; or IRON, TIN, COPPER (or their
salts); and CERTAIN OTHER CATALYSTS,
since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
WATER or HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Methyl
Isocyanate is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Methyl Isocya-
nate should be grounded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs,
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Methyl. Isocyanate.
* Wherever Methyl Isocyanate is used,
handled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-terni effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhvsical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined soace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
METHYL ISOCYANATE
UN 2480
Guide code: 30
624-83-9
INJ DOH Hazard ratina
FLAMM&BILITY I
3
REACTIVITY I
3
FLAMMABLE/REACTIVE
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
FIRE I
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
I
IDO NOT USE WATER
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Methyl Isocyanate is a FLAMMABLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Cyanide.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* DO NOT USE WATER.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Methyl Isocyanate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Methyl Isocyanate out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the build-up of explosive concentra-
tions.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Isocyanate as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironmental Program for specific re-
commendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 348 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: less than 0°F
Water Solubility: Soluble/Reactive
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Isocyanate Methane
Other Names and Formulations:
MIC; Isocyanic Acid; Methyl Ester;
1450; Methylcarbamyl Amine
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
TL
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Methyl methacrylate
Chemical Abstract Service * 80-62-6
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Pact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to tile same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl. Methacrylate is a colorless liquid
with a sharp, fruity odor. It is used to
make resins, plastics, and specifically,
plastic dentures.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl )fethacrylate is on the Work-
place Hazardous Substance List because
it is cited by OSHA, ACCIH, DEP and
other authorities.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit is 100 ppm aver-
aged over an 8-hour workshift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over an
8-hour vorkshift 125 ppm as a
STEL (short-term exposure limit).
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
c].ude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.083 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warnina of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazarde of Methyl
Rethacrylate to potentially exposed
workers.
COMMON NAME: METHYL METHACRYLATE
CAS NUMBER: -8O 62-6- -—
DOT NUMBER: uii 1247
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Methyl Methacrylate can affect you when
* Methyl Methacrylate can cause a skin
breathed in.
allergy.
* It may d milge the developing fetus.
* Methyl Methacrylate is a FLAMMABLE and
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, skin,
REACTIVE CHEMICAL and a FIRE and EXPLO-
nose, and throat.
SION HAZARD.
* High exposures can cause you to feel
dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass out.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a slrn.nAry source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the manu-
facturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl. Methacrylate:
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat. High levels can cause lung
irritation, and may cause you to feel
dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Methyl. Methacrylate can irritate the
eyes on contact, causing damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Methyl Methacrylate and can last
for months or years:
Reproductive Hazard
* Methyl Netbacrylate may damage the de-
veloping fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Methyl Nethacrylate may cause a skin
allergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash. Prolonged and repeated
exposures may cause a skin rash.
* Repeated exposure may affect the ner-
vous system.
* Very irritating substance may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Methyl Methacrylate causes lung damRge.
MEDICAL TESTING
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
-an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSH& 1910.20.
WORKPLACE- CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Methyl Methacrylate should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methyl Methacrylate.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
Page2
-------
* On skin contact with Methyl. Methacry-
late, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted Methyl Meth-
acrylate, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Methyl Methacrylate is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPEMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment is appropriate.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Metha-
crylate. All protective clothing
(suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day,
and put on before work.
* Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Contact safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers for recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* ACGIH recommends Polyvinyl Alcohol
material for providing good to
excellent protection.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid
and gas-proof goggles to protect the
eyes from vapor irritation if needed.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 100 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a full facepiece fil-
ter, cartridge, or canister respirator,
you experience eye irritation, or you
can smell, taste, or otherwise detect
Methyl Methacrylate, leave the area im-
mediately. Check to make sure the res-
pirator-to-face seal is still good. If
it is, replace the filter, cartridge,
or canister. If the seal is no longer
good, you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential ex-
posures in your workplace. You may
need a combination of filters, pre-
filters, cartridges, or canisters to
protect against different forms of a
chemical (such as vapor and mist) or
against a mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 4,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. Where
the potential exists for exposures
greater than 4,000 ppm, use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece oper-
ated in pressure demand or other posi-
tive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methyl. Methacryl-
ate you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Methyl Methacrylate must be stored to
avoid contact with OXIDIZERS, such as
NITRATES, PERMANGANATES, PERCHLORATES,
CHLORATES, and PEROXIDES; STRONG ALKA-
LIES, such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE and P0-
TASSIUM HYDROXIDE; and STRONG ACIDS,
such as NITRIC ACID, HYDROCHLORIC ACID,
and SULFURIC ACID, since violent reac-
tions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
LICHT, HEAT, and IONIZINC RADIATION,
because Methyl Methacrylate will react
and release heat quickly causing and
explosion.
* Store and use with an appropriate in-
hibitor. Lack of an appropriate inhi-
bitor may cause an explosive reaction.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
Page 3
-------
Poge 4
Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Wha; are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
When are higher exposures more likely?
Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing onera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhysical and
mechanical nrocesses (heating, pour-
ing, spraying, spills and evaporation
from large surface areas such as open
containers) and “ confined space ” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Aren’t pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
1
-------
FIRE lAZES
* Methyl }lethacrylate is a FLAI IABLE
LIQUID.
* In large fires, fight the fire from a
safe distance or a protected location.
* Use dry chemical, Ca 2 , or foam extin-
guishers. -. Water can be used to keep
fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* The vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND VMRRGENCIES
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Methyl Xetbacrylate out of a con-
fined space, such as a sewer, because
of the possibility of an explosion, un-
less the sewer is designed to prevent
the buildup of explosive concentra-
tions.
* I may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Mathacrylate as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact the Dep t-
ment of Environmental Protection
or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (see page 3)
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
or Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 35 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 50°F
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic Acid, 2-Methyl-
Methyl Ester
Other Names: Methacrylic Acid Methyl Es-
ter; Methyl 2-Methyl-2-Propenoate; MME;
Methyl 2 -Methylpropenoate
Not Intended to be copied
% ‘ New Jersey Department
CN 368 Trsn n, NJ 08625
and
sold for commercial purposes.
of Health
Da p par.d
Rsv o
ses
CES-
AUG 54
I
EMERGENCY IN FORMATION
Common Name: METHYL NETHACRYLATE WARNING
FLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE LIQUID
DOT Number: UN 1247 POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
NFPA Fliumiii bility: 3 CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
NFPA Reactivity: 2 Health hazards on front page
If Methyl Methacrylate
leaked, take the following
is spilled
steps:
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Molybdenum trioxide
Chemical Abstract Service t 1313—27—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
MOLYBDENUM TRIOXIDE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
1313-27-5
None
RTh Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
1312
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Molybdenum Trioxide can affect you when
breathed in.
* The dust or mist can irritate the nose,
throat and bronchial tubes, causing
cough and/or tightness in the chest.
* Eye or skin contact can cause irrita-
tion.
* Repeated overexposure
toss, diarrhea, poor
;ion, headaches and
aching.
IDENTIFICATION
Molybdenum Trioxide is a white or slightly
yellow powder. It is used in agriculture,
manufacture of metallic Molybdenum,
ceramic glazes, enamels, pigments and in
analytical chemistry.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Molybdenum Trioxide is on
)stance List because it
JSHA and cited by ACGIH.
Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
These exposure limits are recommended for
Molybdenum soluble compounds (measured as
Molybdenum).
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Molybdenum Trioxide.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Molyb-
denurn Trioxide to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
can cause weight
muscle coordina-
muscle or Joint
the Hazardous
is regulated
-------
MOLYBDENUM TRIOXIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
} DICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Tests for liver function.
* Complete blood count.
* Uric acid level.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Molybdenum Trioxide:
* Skin or eye contact can cause irrita-
tion.
* The dust or concentrated mist can irri-
tate the nose, throat and bronchial
tubes, causing cough and/or tightness
in the chest.
* High or repeated overexposure can cause
weight loss, diarrhea, poor muscle co-
ordination, headaches and muscle or
joint aching.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Molybdenum Trioxide and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Molybde-
num Trioxida causes cancer in animals.
It may cause cancer of the lung.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Molybdenum Trioxide has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated overexposure can cause changes
in liver function and or increase in
bilirubth. Reduced blood count (ane-
mia) or increased uric acid in the
blood leading to gout can also occur.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Molybdenum Trioxide should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Molybdenum Trioxide.
* On skin contact with Molybdenum Triox-
ide, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
-------
MOLYBDENUM TRIOXIDE
page 3 of 5
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Mo-
lybdenum Trioxide is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or -a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPNENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Molybdenum Tn-
oxide. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS • Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potentia ]. exists for expo-
sures over 5 mg/n?, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator
equipped with particulate (dust/fume/
mist) filters. Greater protection is
provided by a powered-air purifying
respirator. Particulate filters must
be checked every day before work for
physical damage, such as rips or tears,
and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Molybdenum
Tnioxide, or in the case of a full
facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
-------
HOLYBDENUM TRIOXIDE page 4 of 5
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhvsical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
INJ DON Hazard
rating
IFLA M MABILITY
I
0
IRKACTIVITY
I
0
JPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire.using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Molybde-
num Trioxide itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Molybdenum Triox-
ide you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Molybdenum Trioxide must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG ACIDS (such
as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC),
ALKALIS, SODIUM, POTASSIUM and MOLTEN
MAGNESIUM since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Molybdenum Trioxide is spilled, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Molybdenum Trioxide as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Essentially zero at
68°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Molybdic Anhydride; Molybdic Trioxide
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>)>>>> E H E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
MOLYBDENUM TRI OXIDE
None
Guide code: No Citation
1313-27-5
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Naphthalene
Chemical Abstract Service t 91-20-3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the sante chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
NAPHTHALENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
91-20-3
UN 1334/UN 2304
RTIC Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
1322
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Naphthalene can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can irritate
i throat. Very high
. aches and nausea,
.. od cells, liver and
cause death.
* Repeated exposure can cause clouding of
the eye lens and dRnlRge vision.
IDENTIFICATION
Naphthalene is either a white crystalline
solid or a liquid with a strong odor like
mothballs. It is used in making dyes, ex-
plosives, plastics, lubricants and as a
moth repellent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Naohthalene is on the Hazardous Sub-
...ist because it is regulated by
nd cited by ACGIH, DOT and DEP.
..ofinjtions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.084 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 10 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 15 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for air
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Naphthalene and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Naphthalene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
New Jors.y Department of Health EnvlrOnment5i Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
the eyes, nose
levels can cause
dRmAge the red
kidneys and even
-------
N&PHTHALENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a sunmiary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
- Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORNAT ION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Naphthalene:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose
and throat. Very high levels can cause
headaches and nausea, damage the red
blood cells causing hemolytic anemia
(low blood count), and 1 rn”nge the liver
and kidneys. Death can occur.
* Very high exposure can damage the
nerves of the eye.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Naphthalene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Naphthalene has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Naph-
thalene may damage the developing
fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause clouding of
eye lens, which may damage vision.
* Naphthalene can cause headaches, fa-
tigue and nausea with repeated expo-
sure.
* Naphthalene may cause a skin allergy.
If allergy develops, very low future
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
is recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Exam of the eyes and vision.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Complete blood count.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
* People with an inherited condition
called “G-6-P-D deficiency” are more
likely to develop blood cell damage
from exposure to Naphthalene.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
-------
NAPHTHALENE
page 3 of 5
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump mol-
ten Naphthalene from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Naphthalene should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Naphthalene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Naphthalene, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Naphthalene, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Naph-
thalene is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Naphthalene.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppi iers/manuf ac tur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear gas-proof goggles and face shield,
when working with molten Naphthalene.
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 10 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister and
a dust prefilter. Increased protection
is obtained from full facepiece powered
air purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartri. tge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Naphthalene,
or in the case of a full facepiece res-
pirator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is. replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
-------
NAPUTHALENE
page 4 of 5
* Exposure to 500 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 500 ppm ex-
ists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Naphthalene you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Naphthalene must be stored to avoid
contact with CHROMIUM (III) OXIDE, DI-
NITROGEN PENTOXIDE, and STRONG OXIDIZ-
ERS (such as .CHLORINE, BROMINE, and
FLUORINE) since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Naph-
thalene is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Naphtha].ene
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Liquid Naphthalene must avoid contact
with WATER.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exøo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
NAPHTHALENE
UN 1334/UN 2304
Guide code: 32
91-20-3
INJ DOH Hazard
ratina
I
IFLA M MABILITY
I
2
I
I
I
IREACTIVITY
0
ICOMBUSTIBLE
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Racing 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Naphthalene is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Naphthalene forms explosive mixtures
with air.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Naphthalene is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* Keep Naphthalene out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Naphthalene as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity
PHYSICAL DATA
0.05 mm Hg at 68°F
Vapor Pressure:
Flash Point: 174°F
Water Solubility: Very slightly
soluble
OTHER COIOIONLY USED NAMES
Mothballs; Moth Flakes; Camphor Tar
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nitric acid
- Chemical Abstract Service * 7697—37-2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENPM 1 PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emer9ency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workpl ce, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME: NITRIC ACID
CAS NUMBER: 7697-37-2
DOT NUMBER: 2032
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
Nitric Acid can affect you when
* Nitric Acid is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and
breathed in.
contact can cause severe eye burns. It
*
Breathing the vapor can irritate the
can also cause severe skin burns.
lungs. Higher exposure can cause a
* Exposure to the vapor may cause erosion
buildup of fluid in the lungs (pul-
of the teeth.
monary edema). This can cause death.
IDENTIFICATION
Nitric Acid is a colorless, yellow, or
red fuming (smoking) liquid with a strong
odor. It is used in making fertilizers,
dyes, explosives, and other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Nitric Acid is on the’ Workplace Haz-
ardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACCIR,
NIOSH, and D0T; - -
* This chemical is also on Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are provided on page 5.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift.
ACCIR: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 4 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with, you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediite y after expo-
sure to Nitric Acid
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part o
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Nitric
Acid to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
This Fact Sheet is a sIIm n*ry source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORXATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Nitric Acid
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
* It can cause severe burns of the eyes,
leading to permanent rlrn *ge.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath. Higher exposures can
cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effect can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Nitric Acid and can last for
months or years:
* The mists or vapors may cause erosion
of the teeth.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether Ni-
tric Acid causes lung d ”i ge.
MEDICAL
!edical Tasting
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after chat, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the fol-
lowing is recommended:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
k Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking .can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respirat ory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Nitric Acid from drums or other
storage containers to process con-
tainers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational exposure to Nitric Acid
#76-141.
I
Page 2
-------
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Nitric Acid should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Nitric Acid.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Nitric Acid, imme-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ni-
tric Acid is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BE11 ER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
.guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Nitric Acid.
Wear acid-resistant gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Neoprene or Polyvinyl
Chloride as protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
,tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 2 ppm use an MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
d9mand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 100 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 100 ppm ex-
ists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Nitric Acid you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Nitric Acid must be stored to avoid
contact with METALLIC POWDERS, CAR-
BIDES, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, TURPENTINE, or
STRONG BASES because violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT. Heat may cause containers to
burst and result in an escape of poi-
sonous gases.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
Page3 11
-------
Page4
• Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
When are higher exposures more likely?
.: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” exno-
suras (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
‘: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
• ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
* Nitric Acid is non-combustible. How-
ever, it can increase the flammability
of combustible, organic, and readily
oxidizable materials, or even cause ig-
nition of some of these materials.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Nitric
Acid itself does not burn.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Nitric Acid is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Nitric Acid as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the NJ Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
S
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and làwer lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation for 1-2 da ,s is rec-
ommended as fluid in the lungs may be
delayed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 2.6 to 103 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Nitric Acid
Other Names: Hydrogen Nitrate; Nital; Nit-
ryl Hydroxide
Not intended to be copied
and
sold for commercial purposes.
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
% \ New Jersey Depaitment Of HeaIIh
Dais prspazsd October 1985
RevIsIon CES- 6
ALG 64
Common Name: NITRIC ACID
EMERGENCY INFORMATION.
DOT Number: UN 1760/UN 2031/UN 2032
NFPA Flammability: 0
NFPA Reactivity: 0
WARNING
CORROSIVE
DOES NOT BURN
MAY IGNITE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
Health hazards on front page
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Office of Toxic Substances
Nitrobenzene
Chemical Abstract Service It 98-95—3
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
NITROBENZENE
95-95-3
UN 1662
RTK Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Nitrobenzene can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure may affect your vision.
:h or repeated exposure can damage
liver.
Exposure can lower the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen (a condition
called methemoglobinem.La), causing
headaches, loss of balance, weakness,
trouble breathing, bluish color to lips
and ears, collapse, and even death.
* Contact can irritate the skin or eyes
and may cause a skin allergy.
IDENTIFICATION
Nitrobensene is a pale yellow to dark
brown oily liquid or green to yellow
crystals which smell like bitter almonds
or shoe polish, used to make explosives,
s, shoe and floor polishes and paint.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Nitrobenzene is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is regulated by
OSHA and cited by DOT, ACCIH and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR TI ESHOLD less than 0.018 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warnina of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1. ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Nitrobenzene and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Nitro-
benzene to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Niw Jemy Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1361
-------
NITROBENZENE
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Nitrobenzene:
* Exposure can lQwer the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen (a condition
called methezzioglobinemia). At first,
the only symptoms may be headaches or
an exaggerated sense of well-being (a
“high”). With further exposure, syinp-
toms include lightheadedness, loss of
balance, weakness, trouble breathing, a
bluish color to the lips and ears, col-
lapse, and death.
* Contact can irritate the skin or eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Nitrobenzane and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Nitrobenzene has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Nitro-
benzene may damage the developing fetus
and may damage the testes (male repro-
ductive glands).
Other Long-Term Effects
* Methemoglobinem.La can occur gradually
over weeks instead of all at once.
* Repeated exposure can cause liver dam-
age.
* Exposure may affect your vision (acuity
and contraction of fields).
* Nitrobenzene can daiiutge the blood-form-
ing organs leading to abnormal blood
cell count.
page 2 of 5
* Nitrobenzene may cause a skin allergy.
If allergy develops, very low future
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Complete blood count.
* Methemoglobin level.
* Liver function tests.
* Urine p-Nitrophenol. levels.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid NLtrobenzene from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
-------
11.1.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Nitrobenzene should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Nitrobenzene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the. possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Nitrobenzene, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workahift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Nitrobenzena, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ni-
trobenzene is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER ThAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* Avoid skin contact with Nitrobenaene.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Clothing made of supported
V.Lton, and Polyvinyl Alcohol is recom-
mended.
page 3 of 5
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 200 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 200 ppm ex-
ists, use an MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Nitrobenzene you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Nitrobanzane must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG ACIDS (such as HY-
DROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) and
CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as P0-
TASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and ZINC)
CAUSTIC NITROGEN TETROXIDE or SILVER
PERCHLORATE since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Nitrobenzene is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Nitrobanzene.
-------
NITROBENZENE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
later get chronic health effects? from chemicals that harm the develop-
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term) ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
effects result from repeated exposures fect the ability to have children, so
to a chemical. both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust re].easinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other nhvsical, and me-
chanical processes (he&ting, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” exno-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
-------
£1 £Jfl .JD ZI
UN 1662
Guide code: 55
95-95-3
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure:
68°F
Flash Point: 190°F
Water Solubility:
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>)>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard ratina I
IFLA 9(ABILITY I 2
IREACTIVITY I 0
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE I
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
I POISON
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Nitrobenzene is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, GO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Nitrobenzene is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Nitrobenzene out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Nitrobenzene as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area, including hair
and nails, with large amounts of soap
and water. Discard contaminated
clothes and shoes. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
Less than 1 mm Hg at
Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Benzene, Nitro-
Other Names and Formulations:
Nitrobenzol; Oil of Mirbane; Essence of
Myrbane
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Chemical Abstract Service * 92—93-3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Plamiing and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
COMMON NAME: 4-NITROBIPHENYL
CAS NUMBER: 92-93-3
DOT NUMBER: None
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
*
4-NLtrobiphenyl can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin,
4-Nitrobiphenyl is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE
WITH rREXE CAUTION,
* Other health effects are not well known
at this time, but other Biphenyls have
caused irritation of the skin and eyes
on contact and may cause liver and
nerve damage.
IDENTIFICATION
4-NLtrobiphenyl is a white to yellow
crystal (sugar-like) solid with a sweet
odor. It is used in making plastics and
fungicides, and in wood preservatives.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4-Nitrobiphenyl is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH
and IARC.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE UMITS
OSHA: Because 4-Nitrobiphenyl is a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in humans,
OSRA determines that there is no
safe exposure level. There is a
full OSHA standard 1910.1003 for
this substance.
ACGIH: An exposure limit has not been
determined for this CARCINOGEN.
* 4-Nitrobiphenyl. is a CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
* When skin contact also occurs, you may
be overexposed.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Establish a regulated area where 4-
Nitrobiphenyl is manufactured or used,
as required in OSHA standard 1910.1003.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 4-Nitrobiphenyl. and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 4-
Nitrobiphenyl to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Oópartment of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
tis Fact Sheet is a sm 1nRry source of
iformation for workers, employers, and
)mmunity residents. Health professionals
iy also find it useful. If this sub-
:ance is part of a mixture, this Fact
teet should be used along with the
nufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
teet (MSDS).
ALTh HAZARD INFORMATION
:ute Health Effects
ie following acute (short-term)
fects may occur immediately or
ter exposure to 4-Nitrobiphenyl.:
Contact may irritate the eyes and skin.
ironic Health Effects
ie following chronic (long-term) health
Efects can occur at some time after expo-
ire to 4-Nitrobiphenyl:
incer Hazard
It is not possible to separate the ex-
posures to 4-Nitrobiphenyl from the ex-
posures to 4-Aminobiphenyl, which is
known to cause cancer of the bladder in
humans (CONSULT THE FACT SHEET ON 4-
AMINOBIPHENYL). 4-Nitrobiphenyl should
be treated as a CANCER-CAUSING AGENT in
humans and has been shown to cause can-
cer of the bladder in humans.
Many scientists believe that there is
no safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive dam*ge in humans.
her Long-Term Effects
Exposure may damage the liver.
Some related compounds have caused dam-
age to the nerves of the arms and legs.
DICAL TESTING
fore beginning employment and at regular
aes after that, the following is recom-
aded:
Urinary cytology (a special test for
abnormal cells in the urine).
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
I
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* A regulated, marked area should be
established where 4-Nitrobiphenyl is
handled, used, or stored.
* Where possible, automatically transfer
liquid 4-Nitrobiphenyl from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Refer
to the OSHA standard 1910.1003 4-Nitro-
biphenyl.
Page 2
health
shortly
-------
I.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been corktam-
mated by 4-Nitrobiphenyl should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
4-Nitrobiphenyl.
* On skin contact with 4-Nitrobiphenyl
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 4-Nitrobiphenyl at the
end of each work day, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4-
Nitrobiphenyl is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AR! BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4-Nitrobi-
phenyl. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included with the re-
quired respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medFcal exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At exposure level, use an MSHA/
NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the
positive pressure mode or with a full
facepiece, hood, or helmet in the con-
tinuous flow mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved self-contained breathing appa-
ratus with a full facepiece operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pres-
sure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina oflei! .
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
Page3
-------
Page 4
dumping, etc.), other ohysical and me-
chanica]. rocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined si ace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: Mo. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS FIRST AID
* 4-Nitrobiphenyl is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
It will burn, but does not readily
ignite.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4-Nitrobiphenyl is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete and the area
decontaminated.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 4-Nitrobipheny]. as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Environmental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
Eye Contact
* Immediatly flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lover lids.
Seek me4ical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediatly wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 290°F
Water Solubi].ity: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1-1’ -Biphenyl, 4-Nitro
Other Names: p-Nitrodiphenyl; l-Nitro-4-
Phenylbenzene; Biphenyl
4-NITROBIPHENYL appeared on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance list as Biphenyl, 4-
Ni cro.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4-Nitrobiphenyl
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Handle and store 4-Nitrobiphenyl in a
regulated area as required in the OSHA
standard 1910. 1003.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and FLAME.
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
New Jersey Depaitment of Hoaffh
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
Oat. prspar.d )V Iter 1985
RsvWon:
CES- 16
ALGI4
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
COMMON Name: 4-NITROBIPHENYL WARNING
DOT Number: None COMBUSTIBLE SOLID
NFPA F1amm bility: 1 CANCER-CAUSING AGENT
NFPA Reactivity: 0 Health hazards on front page
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Nitroglycerin
Chemical Abstract Service t 55—63—0
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
NITROGLYCERIN
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
55-63-0
UN 0143/UN 0144
RTK Substance number: 1383
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Nitroglycerin can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Exposure can cause headaches, nausea,
and lightheadedness. High exposure can
cause confusion and interfere with the
ability of the blood to carry oxygen
causing blue skin, trouble breathing,
and even death.
* After repeated exposure Co Nitrogly-
cerin, tolerance develops. Returning
to work after a time away can cause
‘ ches and other symptoms.
.a (chest pain) and heart attacks
n occur if exposure stops suddenly.
* It is a HIGHLY REACTIVE CHEMICAL and is
a DANGEROUS EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Nitroglycerin is pale yellow liquid or
crystalline solid. It is used in making
dynamite, other explosives, rocket pro-
pellants and medicine. It is often mixed
with Ethylene Glycol Din.Ltrace.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Nitroglycerin is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is regulated by
OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH and
NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 mg/in 3 ,
not to be exceeded at any time.
NIOSH: The recommended ai borne exposure
limit is 0.1 mg/rn ’, which should
not be exceeded in any 20 minute
period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Nitroglycerin and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Nitro-
glycerin to potentially exposed work-
ers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
NITROGLYCERIN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Nitroglycerin:
* Exposure can cause severe throbbing
headaches, nausea, and a fall in blood
pressure which can make you feel faint.
* Higher exposures can cause vomiting,
abdominal pain, interfere with the
ability of the blood to carry oxygen
(methemoglobLnemla). This can cause a
bluish color to the skin, rapid breath-
ing, and even coma and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Nitroglycerin and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Nitroglycerin has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Nitroglycerin has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long—Term Effects
* After repeated exposure to Nitroglyc-
erin, tolerance develops and no symp-
toms may be noticed. If you are then
away from exposure for a couple days
(such as a weekend or vacation),
returning to work may cause sudden
severe symptoms.
* Stopping exposure may lead to angina
(chest pain) or heart attack from with-
drawal symptoms.
* Repeated contact can cause skin irrita-
tion.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* EKG (immediately, if any chest discom-
fort is felt).
* Blood methemoglobin level.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Drinking alcoholic beverages (beer,
wine, liquor) shortly before or after
exposure to Nitroglycerin may cause a
severe reaction. Sudden mental change
may occur (delirium).
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
* Nitroglycerin has a very strong effect
on the heart and blood vessels. If you
have any condition affecting your heart
or circulation, see a doctor before
working with Nitroglycerin.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
-------
NITROGLYCERIN
page 3 of 5
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Nitroglycerin from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Nitroglycerin
and Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate #78-187.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Nitroglycerin is extremely explosive.
* Workplace activity should be carefully
controlled to avoid physical distur-
bance of the substance.
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Nitroglycerin should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Nitroglycerin.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ni-
troglycerin is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Keep the work area as clean as possible
and remove any dust that may generate
sparks.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Nitroglycerin.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.05 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 80 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 80 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
-------
NITROGLYCERIN
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Nitroglycerin you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Nitroglycerin must be stored to avoid
contact with HEAT, FLAMES, MECHANICAL
SHOCK or OZONE since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC,
SULFURIC, and NITRIC).
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Nitro-
glycerin is handled, used, or stored.
Nitroglycerin has a special shipping
regulation by DOT and therefore re-
quires specific handling procedures.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Nitroglycerin
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Nitroglycerin.
* Wherever Nitroglycerin is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
* Nitroglycerin is often found mixed with
Ethylene Glycol D.Ln.Ltrate. CONSULT THE
NJ HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET ON
tTHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
page 4 of 5
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
NITROGLYCERIN
UN 0143/UN 0144
Guide code: 26
55-63-0
NJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
2
I
REACTIVITY
I
4
I
EXPLOSIVE
I
FLAMMABLE
I
POISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* In case of fire where Nitroglycerin is
located the area should be evacuated.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Nitroglycerin is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* DO NOT
ERIAL.
EMERGENCY.
* EVACUATE TEE AREA OF THE SPILL.
* Restrict persons not wearing, protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.00026 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: EXPLODES
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1,2,3-Propanetrol,
Trinitrate
Other Names and Formulations:
Blasting Gelatin; Soup; Glycerol Nitric
Acid Triester
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS
AND
FIRES
immediately
call
your
local fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>)>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-Ni tropheno 1
Chemical Abstract Service * 88-75-5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: 2-NITROPHENOL
CAS
Number:
88-75-5
RTK
Substance number: 1391
DOT
Number:
UN
1663
Date: 01/31/86
have been
This does
not harm-
always be
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits
established for 2-Nitrophenol.
not mean that this substance is
ful. Safe work practices should
followed.
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2-Nitrophenol. can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Exposure can lower the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen, leading to a
bluish color to the skin and lips,
headaches, dizziness and collapse.
* Exposure to higher levels may cause
breathing trouble, a slow pulse, fall
in blood pressure, convulsions (fits)
and death.
‘ — rnhenol can irritate the skin,
i e and throat.
. .trophenol may damage the kidney and
liver
IDENTIFICATION
2-Nitrophenol is a yellow crystalline
(sugar or sand-like) solid used to make
dyestuffs, pesticides, and other chemi-
cals.
REASON FOR CITATION
‘ 4 trophenol is on the Hazardous Sub-
; ce List because it is cited by DOT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* It should be recognized that 2-Nitro-
phenol, can be absorbed through your
skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 2-Nitrophenol and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 2-Ni-
trophenol to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
2 -NITROPHENOL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 2-Nitrophenol:
* Exposure lowers the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen... (a condition
called znethemoglobinemia). This may re-
sult in a bluish color to skin and
lips, headaches, dizziness and col-
lapse.
* Exposure to higher levels may cause
breathing trouble, a slow pulse, fall
in blood pressure, convulsions (fits)
and even death.
* 2-Nitrophenol may irritate the skin
causing a rash or burning feeling on
contact.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
* Breathing 2-Nitrophenol can irritate
the nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 2-Nitrophenol and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 2-Nitrophenol has been
tested and has not been shown to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 2-Nitrophenol has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* 2-Nitrophenol may damage the liver and
kidneys.
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure
suspected, the following may be useful:
* A blood test for mechemoglobin level.
* Liver function tests.
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at i-’- -
site of chemical release. Isolating o
ations can also reduce exposure. Us 0
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
2-Nitrophenol from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 2-Nitrophenol should change
into clean clothing promptly.
-------
2 -NITROPHENOL
page 3 of 5
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
c Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
2-Nitrophenol.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 2-Nitrophenol, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted 2-Nitrophenol, whether
or not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-Ni-
trophenol is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
ome jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2-Nitrophenol.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers! manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* Butyl Rubber is recommended by a manu-
facturer and other authorities as a
protective material.
ye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to 2-Nitrophe-
nol does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sure to 2-Nitrophenol, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a high efficiency particulate filter.
Greater protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirat ”r.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect 2-Nitrophe-
nol, or in the case of a full facepiece
respirator you experience eye irrita-
tion, leave the area immediately. Check
to make sure the respirator-to-face
seal is still good. If it is, replace
the filter, cartridge, or canister. If
the seal is no longer good, you may
need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
-------
2-NITROPHENOL page 4 of 5
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IF1 AMMAB1LITY
I
0
IREACTIVITY
I
0
ICOMBUSTIBLE SOLID
IPOISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 2-Nitrophenol is a combustible solid.
* Use dry chemical, C02, water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of Nitrogen.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2-Nitrophenol is spilled, take the fol-
lowing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 2-Nitrophenol as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* 2-Nitrophenol must be stored to avoid
contact with ORGANIC MATERIALS (such as
WOOD, PAPER, OIL, etc.) since violent
reactions occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
t ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 122°F
Flash Point: 215°F
Water Solubil ity: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Phenol, 2-Nitro-
Other Names and Formulations:
o-Nitrophenol; Orthonitro-phenol;
2- Hydroxynitrobenzene
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2-Nitrophenol you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
common Name:
iOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
2 -NITROPHENOL
UN 1663
Guide code: 55
88-75-5
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Octach lorOflaptha lefle
Chemical Abstract Service 11 2234—13—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: OCTACHLORONAPHTHALENE
CAS Number: 2234-13-1
DOT Number: None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 7/31/86
1427
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Octachloronaphthalene can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin.
* Overexposure may damage the liver
enough to cause death, either from high
short-term or repeated lower exposure.
* Repeated exposure can cause an acne-
like skin rash (Chloracne).
IDENTIFICATION
Octach].oronaphthal.ene
solid with a pleasant
cable insulation,
coatings, and lubricants.
. AS0N FOR CITATION
* Octachloronaphthalene is on the Hazar-
dous Substance List because it is regu-
lated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibi
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.1 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 mg/rn averaged ove
an 8-hour workshift and 0.3 mg/rn
as a STEL (short term exposure
limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Octachloronaphthalene to potentially
exposed workers.
is a
odor.
other
waxy yellow
It is used in
protective
-------
OCTACHLORONAPHTHALENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Octachloronaphthalene:
* Overexposure may damage the liver
enough to cause death. This can cause
symptnms of fatigue, poor appetite,
dark urine and jaundice.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Octachloronaphthalene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Octachloronaphthalene has
not been tested for its ability to
cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Octachloronaphthalene has
not been tested for its ability to ad-
versely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Octachloronaphthalene may damage the
liver. Symptoms are often absent until
damage is severe.
* High or repeated lower exposure may
cause an acne-like skin rash which can
persist long after exposure stops.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
mended:
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms wi’
an exam. Medical tests that look for d
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consuxnp-
tion may cause liver damage, drinking al-
cohol may increase the liver damage caused
by Octachloronaphthalene.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment
less effective than the controls mentioi
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump
molten Octachloronaphthalene from drums
or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been c
taminated by Octach1oronaphtha1
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Liver function tests.
-------
OCTACHLORONAP}1THALENE
page 3 of 5
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Octachloronaphthalene.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Octachloronaphthalene at
the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Octa-
chloronaphthalene is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Octachioro-
naphthalene. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with molten
Octachloronaphthalene, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 0.1 mg/m , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 200 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
poss bility of exposures above 200
mg/rn exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
-------
OCTACHLORONAPHTEALENE page 4 of 5
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
ommon Name: OCTACHLORONAPHTHALENE
iOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
GAS Number: 2234-13-1
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFLAK ABIL1TY
INot
Found I
IREACTIVITY
INot
Found I
IPOISONOUS GAS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Octachloronaphthalene is a non-com-
bustible solid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Octachlo-
ronaphthalene itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Collect spilled material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers for reclamation or
for disposal in an approved facility.
* Octachloronaphthalene may be disposed
of in a secured sanitary land fill.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Octachloronaphthalene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, or CHLORINE
DIOXIDE) since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Less than 1 mm Hg at
68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS
Halowax 1051; l,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octachloro-
naphthalene; Perchloronaphtalene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Octachlo-
ronaphthalene you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Octachloronaphthalene must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Pent achioropheflO 1
Chemical Abstract Service * 87—86—5
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order tO help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PENTACHLOROPHENOL
GAS
Number:
87-
86-5
RTK Subst
ance number: 1473
DOT
Number:
NA
2020
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Pentachlorophenol can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin. It can pass very quickly through
the skin and may cause fatal poisoning.
* Pentachioropheno]. may damage the devel-
oping fetus and may cause mutations- -
handle with extreme caution.
* Exposure can cause poisoning, with
symptoms of sweating, trouble in
breathing, high fever, rapid pulse, and
pain in the chest or abdomen. Without
treatment, death may occur quickly.
* I can damage the liver and kidneys.
* Contact can cause severe irritation of
the skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
IDENTIFICATION
Pentach].oropheno]. is a light brown solid
or it may be in solution. It has a pun-
gent odor when hot and it is used in mak-
tng pesticides and fungicides.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Pentachlorophenol is on the
Substance List because it is
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissib1
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended atfborne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Pentachlorophenol
All contact with
be reduced to
level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Pentachiorophenol and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Pentachloropheno]. to potentially
exposed workers.
may cause mutations.
this chemical should
the lowest possible
Hazardous
regulated
-------
PENTACHLOROPHENOL
page 2 of S
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
* Chroniô poisoning may cause weight
loss, weakness, and excessive sweatin’
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Pentachiorophenol:
* Exposure can lead to poisoning that is
rapidly fatal. Even small amounts pass-
ing through the skin can cause sweat-
ing, high fever, trouble breathing,
pain in the chest and abdomen, and
death.
* Contact can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat. It can also irritate the
skin, causing a rash or burning feeling
on contact.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Pentachiorophenol and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Pentachiorophenol may cause mutations
(genetic changes) in living cells.
Whether or not it poses a cancer hazard
needs further study.
Reproductive Hazard
* Pentachlorophenol may damage the devel-
oping fetus.
* There is limited evidence that Penta-
chiorophenol is a teratogen in animals.
Until further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible terato-
gen in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may damage the liver.
* Pentachiorophenol can cause bronchitis,
with cough and phlegm.
* Long-term contact can cause an acne-
like skin rash.
* High or repeated exposure may damage
the kidneys.
* Urine test for Pentachiorophenol.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are x a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Commercial Pentachlorophenol is likely to
be contaminated with Dioxin, which is also
very toxic.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Pentachiorophenol from drums or other
-------
PENTACHLOROPHENOL
page 3 of 5
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Pentachiorophenol should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Pentachiorophenol.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Pentachiorophenol,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Pen-
tachiorophenol is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Pentachioro-
phenol. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCI1-! recommends Neoprene as a good to
excellent protective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquids
containing Pentachiorophenol and dust-
proof goggles when working with the
solid, unless full facepiece respira-
tory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential 3 exists for expo-
sures over 0.5 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positi e pressure mode.
* Exposure to 150 mg/ma is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
poss bility of exposures above 150
mg/rn exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
-------
PENTACHLOROPHENOL page 4 of 5
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside “ats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
‘ommon Name: PENTACHLOROPHENOL
)OT Number: NA 2020
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 87-86-5
I
I
I
NJ DOH
Hazard rating
FLA]INA
BILITY
I 0/2
REACTIVITY
I 0
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Pentachiorophenol is a non-combustible
solid. Extinguish fire using an agent
suitable for type of surrounding fire
(The material itself does not burn).
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride and Chlori-
nated Phenols.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
PILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Pentachiorophenol is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Pentachiorophenol as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUO-
RINE) because violent reactions occur.
* Prior to working with Pentachiorophenol
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
Antidotes and Special Procedures
* If the person is running a high fever
try to lower temperature by soaking the
clothing with water and applying ice
packs to arm pit and groin areas. Do
not delay transfer.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.0002 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Phenol, Pentachioro-
Other Names and Formulations: PCP;
Penta; Dowicide 7
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Pentachiorophenol must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phenol
Chemical Abstract Service * 108—95—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutionS might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTIFICATION
Phenol is a colorless to pink solid or
thick liquid with a characteristic sweet
ar-like odor. It is used in making
lywood, pharmaceuticals, plastics and
rubber.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Phenol is on the Workplace Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH and NIOSH.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard S ibstance List because it
is a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 19 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended irborne exposure
limit is 20 mg/ma averaged over a
10-hour workshift 60 mg/rn 3 ,
not to be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Phenol is a NUTAGEN and may have a
cancer risk. Contact should be re-
duced to the lowest possible level.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
you employer. If you think you are ex-
periencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to re-
cognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.15 mg/rn 3 .
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Phenol.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Phenol
to potentially exposed workers.
COMMON NAME:
PHENOL
CAS NUMBER:
108-95-2 DOT NUMBER: UN 1671/UN 2821
HAZARD SUMMARY
.
breathed in
*
Phenol can affect you when
resulting mo permanent damage of the
and by passing through your
skin,
eyes.
*
Exposure to Phenol could
cause imme-
*
Long-term exposure may damage the liver
diate collapse and death.
and kidneys.
*
because this is a NUTAGEN,
handle it as
*
Long-term exposure may cause poisoning
a possible cancer-causing
substance- -
with vomiting, difficulty swallowing,
with extreme caution.
diarrhea, lack of appetite, headache,
*
It may severely burn the
skin and eyes
dizziness and fainting.
-------
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Phenol:
* Significant skin contact or breathing
of Phenol can lead to death within min-
utes.
* Breathing the vapor can irritate the
mouth, nose, and throat.
* Contact can cause severe burns of the
eyes, leading to permanent damage and
severe skin burns.
* Skin contact is not immediately pain-
ful, but deep damage to skin and even
local gangrene can result.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Phenol and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* Phenol
changes).
cancer risk
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High or repeated exposure may damage
the liver and kidneys.
* Long-term exposure may cause Phenol
poisoning with vomiting, difficulty in
swallowing, diarrhea, lack of appetite,
headache, dizziness, and fainting.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Liver and kidney function tests
* Urinary Phenol.
These tests should be repeated if overex-
posure is suspected.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking
alcohol can increase the liver damage
caused by Phenol.
WORKPLACE- CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best
protection is enclosing operations and/or
providing local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating
operations can also reduce exposure.
Using respirators or protective equipment
is less effective thap the controls
mentioned above, but is sometimes
necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
causes MUTATIONS (genetic
Such chemicals may have a
-------
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Phenol from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document
on: Occupational Exposure to Phenol
# 76-196.
Good WORX PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Phenol should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Phenol.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Phenol, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Phenol at the end of
each work day, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Phe-
nol is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Phenol. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Neoprene or Butyl Rub-
ber as good to excellent protective ma-
terials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid or
dust-proof and face shield goggles when
working with powders or dusts, unless
full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia’ exists for expo-
sures over 19 mg/ia use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister and
dust/mist prefilter. Increased protec-
tion is obtained from full facepiece
powered-air purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Phenol, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefi1terS
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
-------
‘: Page 4 * -’
* Exposure to 385 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 385
mg/in’ exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Phenol you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Phenol must be stored to avoid contact
with CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE and OTHER
STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE and
BROMINE), since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Phenol
is used, handled, or stored in a manner
that could create a potential fire or
explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time someone is
exposed and the amount of material
they are exposed to.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
Common Name: PHENOL
T Number: UN 1671, UN 2821
NFPA Flammability: 2
NFPA Reactivity: 0
FIRE HAZARDS
* Phenol is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Flammable vapors are produced when Phe-
nol is heated.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Use water spray, dry chemical, 002, or
alcohol foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from areas of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
.bsorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Phenol as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact the Department of Environ-
mental Protection or your re-
gional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
WARNING
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
FLAMMABLE VAPORS PRODUCED WHEN HEATED
POISONOUS GAS PRODUCED IN FIRE
Health hazards on front page
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention.
Skin Contact
* If concentrated Phenol gets on a large
area of skin, immediately rush under
shover, and with shower on full blast,
remove all contaminated clothing. Be-
gin scrubbing the contaminated area
with soap for 10 minutes (water alone
may be harmful.) Transport to emer-
gency room. If Polyethyleneglycol-300
is available, continue to swab exposed
area in cotton soaked in it.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
fl
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
Vapor Pressure: 0.36 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 174°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Phenol
Other Names: Carbolic Acid; Hydroxyben-
zene; Phenic Acid
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
I$ V .
New Jersey Department of Health
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
Date prepared: Septøther 1985
Revision: • 16
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phosgene
Chemical Abstract Service II 75—44—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their Conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will I De made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2-PhenyiphenO 1
(o-PhenylphenOl)
I Chemical bstract Service * 90—43—7
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENThL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: o-PHENYLPHENOL
CAS
Number:
90-43-7
RTK
Substance number: 1439
DOT
Number:
None
Date
: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* o-Phenylpheno]. can affect you when
breathed in and may enter the body
through the skin.
* Eye contact can cause severe irritation
with possible damage.
* Skin contact can cause burns.
* High or repeated overexposure may cause
kidney damage.
* Skin allergy, with rash and itching,
sometimes develops. When this occurs,
even low future exposure can trigger
‘ ash.
IFICATION
-Phenyiphenol is a white or buff colored
solid in flaky crystal form (like pow-
dered soap). It is used in making fungi-
cides, dye stuffs and rubber chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* o-Phenylphenol is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is cited by DEP
- NFPA.
...... itions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WOR1 PLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for o-Phenylphenol. This does
not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should al-
ways be followed.
* It should be recognized that o-Phenyl-
phenol may be absorbed through your
skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to o-Phenylphenol and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of o-
Phenyiphenol to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
o-PHENYLPHENOL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to o-Phenylphenol:
* Eye and skin contact can cause severe
irritation and even burns.
* High exposure may cause kidney damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to o-Pheny] .phenol and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, o-Phenylphenol has been
tested and has not been shown to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, o-Phenylphenol has been
tested and has not been shown to adver-
sely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* o-Phenylphenol may cause a, skin aller-
gy. If allergy develops, very low fu-
ture exposures can cause itching and a
skin rash.
* Repeated overexposure may cause kidney
damage.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether o-
Phenyiphenol causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recomiuendeck:
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart dis-ease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for
long time, stopping now will reduce
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Ilolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathi’-
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is
recommended:
-------
o - PHENYLPHENOL
page 3 of 5
* Where possible, automatically transfer
o-Phenylphenol from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by o-Phenylphenol should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
o-Pheny].phenol.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with o-Phenylphenol,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
Do not eat, smoke, or drink where o-
Phenyiphenol is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with o-Phenylphenol.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full face piece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS • Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to o-Phenyl-
phenol does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures to o-Phenylphenol, use a MSHA/
NIOSH approved full facepiece respira-
tor with a high efficiency particulate
filter. Greater protection is provided
by a powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect o-Phenylphe-
nol, or in the case of a full facepiece
respirator you experience eye irrita-
tion, leave the area immediately. Check
to make sure the respirator-to-face
seal is still good. If it is, replace
the filter, cartridge, or canister. If
the seal is no longer good, you may
need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode, or
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-con-
tained breathing apparatus with a full
facepiece operated in pressure-demand
or other positive pressure mode.
-------
o-PHENYLPHENOL page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as th’ amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-•
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with o-Phenylphenol
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
water.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
o-Phenylpheno]. is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
FIRST AID
* o-Phenylphenol is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Use alcohol foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If o-Phenylphenol is spilled, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of o-Phenylphenol as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention promptly.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Medical attention is recommended for
more than rather minor skin contact.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 255°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER CO1.ff ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1,1’ -Biphenyl -2-ol
Other Names and Formulations:
2-Hydroxydiphenyl; Orthoxenol;
Biphenylol; 2 -Phenyiphenol; Dowcide
Torsite; o-Xonal
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
o-PHENYLPHENOL
None
Guide code: No Citation
90-43-7
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAMMABILITY
I
1
I
I
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
2-
1;
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Now Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PHOSGENE
CAS Number: 75-44-5 RTK Substance number: 1510
DOT Number: UN 1076 Date: 8/1/87
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Phosgene can affect you when breathed
in.
* Exposure to even low levels can cause
severe burns of the lungs. Irritation
or discomfort may not be noticed until
hours after exposure, but can lead to
fluid in the lungs, which can cause
death.
* Repeated exposure to very low levels
can cause permanent lung damage.
* Phosgene is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and
contact with liquid Phosgene can cause
severe burns of the eyes and skin with
permanent damage.
.LDENTIFICATION
Phosgene is a colorless gas, or a clear to
yellow volatile liquid, used in making
polyurethanes, resins, isocyanates, pes-
ticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and
dyes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Phosgene is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA
and DEP.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20 , you have a legal right to
obtain copres of- sampl4ng- -results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.9 ppm. The odor
threshold only serves as a warning of
exposure. Not smelling it does not
mean you are not being exposed. It is
well above the exposure limit.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.1 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm averaged over an
10-hour workshift 0.2 ppm,
not to be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour vorkshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Phosgene.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Phosgene to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
PHOSGENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards chat may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times aft
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Phosgene:
* Exposure to low levels may at first
cause only slight irritation of the
eyes, nose and throat, or even no dis-
comfort at all. Hours later, however,
severe lung burns and a build-up of
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
can occur. This can cause death.
* Contact with liquid Phosgene can cause
severe skin and eye burns with perma-
nent damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Phosgene and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Phosgene has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in ani-
mals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Phosgene has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect re-
production.
Other Long-Ter n Effects
* Repeated exposures to even very low
levels can cause permanent lung damage
(emphysema, bronchitis).
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemi
exposure. Even if you have smoked fo
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals
when significant skin, eye, or breatF
exposures are possible.
-------
PHOSGENE
page 3 of 5
In addition, the following controls are
ecoinmended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Phosgene from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Phosgene # 76-
137.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Phosgene should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Phosgene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Phosgene, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Phosgene, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Phos-
gene is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs -done-wh--warkpla con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
uidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Phosgene. Wear
acid-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear gas-proof goggles, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
£ it testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 2 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 2 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Phosgene you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Phosgene must be stored to avoid con-
tact with WATER, MOISTURE, or STEAM
since violent reactions occur.
-------
PHOSGENE page 4 of 5
* Store in tightly closed, steel contain- are already ill, community exposures
ers in an isolated area away from the may cause health problems.
work area and separately from ALL other
materials, as well as sunlight.
* Phosgene should be away from heating
and cooling ducts.
* Containers should be frequently in-
spected for leaks.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
-------
>>>>>>,>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
ommon Name: PHOSGENE
JOT Number: UN 1076
DOT Emergency Guide code: 15
CAS Number: 75-44-5
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
IFL M B1L1TY
0
I
IREACT1V1TY
I
0
I
I CORROSIVE
I
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Phosgene may burn, but does not readily
ignite.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* Use water spray to keep fire-exposed
containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Phosgene is leaked, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of leak until
clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1180 mm Hg at 68°F
Water So].ubility: Reactive
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair leak or allow cylinder OTHER CONMONLY USED NAMES
to empty.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry Chemical Name:
sand, earth, or a similar material and Carbonic Dichloride
deposit in sealed containers. Other Names and Formulations:
* Phosgene may be neutralized by covering Carbon Oxychloride; Carbonyl chloride; CG;
it with Sodium Chloride; Diphosgene
mixture of soda ash and slaked lime. _______________________________________
After mixing, spray very carefully with
water. Transfer slowly to a larger
container of water. DO NOT USE WATER _______________________________________
DIRECTLY ON SPILL.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis- NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
pose of Phosgene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Right to Know Program
Contact your state Environmental Pro- CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
gram for specific recommendations. _______________________________________
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Phthalic anhydride
Chemical Abstract Service * 85—44—9
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note—meS e en1 tr l&Jl4Ye..n0t been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
CAS
Number:
85-44-9
RTK Substance number: 1535
DOT
Number:
UN
2214
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Phthalic Anhydride can affect you when
breathed in.
* Contact may cause severe burns of the
eye, nose, throat, and skin. The ex-
tent of the damage may not be immedi-
ately apparent.
* The chemical may cause a skin allergy
to develop, so that even small future
exposures can cause itching and skin
rash.
* Exposure may also lead to lung allergy.
Once this allergy develops, very small
future exposures cause wheezing, cough-
ing, and shortness of breath.
IDENTIFICATION
Phthalic Anhydride is a white solid with a
choking odor. It is used in making
plastics, dyes, chemicals and insecti-
cides.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Phthalic Anhydride is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.05 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after
exposure to Phthalic Axihydride.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Phthalic Anhydride to potentially
exposed workers.
-------
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
breath, wheezing, coughing, and/or
chest tightness.
* Very irritating substances may aff
the lungs. It is not known whether
Phthalic Anhydride causes permanent
lung damage.
MEDICAL
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Phthalic Anhydride:
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
If spilled on the skin, it is not imme-
diately painful, but may produce a
deeper burn if not removed immediately.
* It can severely burn the eyes, leading
to permanent damage.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
mouth, and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Phthalic Anhydride and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is no evidence that Phthalic An-
hydride causes cancer in animals. This
is based on test results presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health from published studies.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Phthalic Anhydride has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* The chemical may cause a skin allergy.
If an allergy develops, very low future
exposures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* It may also cause an asthma-like lung
allergy. Future exposures can cause
asthma attacks with shortness of
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests. These may be
normal if person is not having an
attack at the time.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a caref’ ’
history of past and present symptoms w
an exam. Medical tests that look for da 1 ..
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEEP.ING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at
site of chemical release. Isolating op
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
-------
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
page 3 of 5
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Phthalic Anhydride from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Phthalic Anhydride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Phthalic Anhydride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Phthalic Anhy-
dride, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Phthalic Anhydride at
the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Phthalic Anhydride is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Phthalic Anhy-
dride. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid
or dust-proof goggles when working with
powders or dust, unless full facepiece
respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IXPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved full facepiece respirator with a
high efficiency particulate filter.
Particulate filters must be checked
every day before work for physical dam-
age, such as rips or tears, and re-
placed as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwisc detect-Phtha]J , 4 -
hydride, or in the case of a full faceS
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or can-
ister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
-------
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 10,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 10,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
page 4 of 5
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents
A: Yes. Exposures in the community,
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IF L MABIL1TY
I
1
I
IREACTIVITY
I
0
I
I
I
ICOMBUSTIBLE SOLID
I
IPOISONOUS GAS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Phthalic Anhydride is a COMBUSTIBLE
SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
3PILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Phthalic Anhydride is spilled, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill to disperse the
gas.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient manner and deposit in sealed
containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Phthalic Anhydride as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Phthalic
Anhydride you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Phthalic Anhydride must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONC OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE and BROMINE) since
violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition (such as smoking
and open flames) are prohibited where
Phthalic Anhydride is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a
potential fire or explosion hazard.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lover lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.03 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 304 °F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 1,3- Isobenzofurandione
Other Names and Formulations: 1,2-
Benzenedicarboxylic Anhydride-;- 1, 3 _
Phthalandione; Phthalic Acid Anhydride
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
Common Name:
i)OT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
UN 2214
Guide code: 60
85-44-9
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Chemical Abstract Service * 1336—36—3
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
state of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS
13 36-36-3
UN 2315
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls can affect
you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls are CARCINO-
GENS- -HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* They may be teratogens and may damage
the adult reproductive system.
* Exposure can cause an acne-like skin
rash (called “chloracne”).
* They can damage the liver.
* High exposure can damage the nervous
system, causing numbness, weakness and
tingling (“pins and needles”) in the
arms and legs.
.CDENTIFICATION
Polychiorinated Biphenyls are a mixture of
chemicals that are clear to yellow oily
liquids or solids. They are used in
closed electrical systems of capacitors,
transformers and insulating fluids.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls are on the
Hazardous Substance List because they
are regulated by OSHA and cited by
NIOSH, DOT, IARC and NTP.
* These chemicals are on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because
they are CANCER-CAUSING AGENTS and
TERATOGENS.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED -
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 mg/m
(42% Chlorine) and 0.5 mg/rn 3 (54%
Chlorine) averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
NIOSH: The recommended airbort e exposure
limit is 0.001 mg/rn’ averaged
over a 10-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Polychlorinated Biphenyls are PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENTS in humans. There
may be safe level of exposure to
carcinogens, so all contact should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Polychiorinated Biphe-
nyls are handled, used, or stored as
recommended by NIOSH.
* Wear full body protective work cloth-
ing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and
on exit from the work area.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Po].ychlorinated Biphenyls to poten-
tially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
1554
-------
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Polychlorinated
Biphenyls:
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose and throat.
* High exposures can damage the liver.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Po].ychlorinated Biphenyls and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls are PROBABLE
CANCER-CAUSING AGENTS in humans. There
is some limited evidence that they
cause skin cancer in humans and they
have been shown to cause liver cancer
in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing
reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Polychioriated Biphenyls may be TERATO-
GENS in humans since they have been
shown to be teratogens in animals.
* They may be passed to a child through
mother’s milk.
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls can affect
the reproductive system of adults.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures can cause liver
damage.
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls can cause a
severe acne-like rash (chloracne).
This may persist for years.
* High exposures can damage the nervous
system, causing numbness, weakness, and
tingling (“pins and needles”) in the
arms and legs.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Liver function tests.
* Serum triglycerides level.
* Exam of the skin.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Blood PCB levels.
* Nerve conduction studies should be
considered.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testi
You have a legal right to this informati.....
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
cohol can increase the liver damage caused
by Polychlorinated Biphenyls.
WORKPLA CE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in yo”
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous
substance is, (2) how much of the s .
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
-------
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
page 3 of 5
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Polychiorinated Biphenyls from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document on
Occupational Exposure to PolychiorL-
nated Biphenyls #77-225.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Polychiorinated Biphenyls
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Polychlorinated Biphenyls.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Polych].orinated
Biphenyls, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical. At the end of
the workshift, wash any areas of the
body that may have contacted Polychior-
mated Biphenyls, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Poly-
chlorinated Biphenyls are handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemicals
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* If solid, when vacuuming, a high effi-
ciency particulate absolute (HEPA) fil-
ter should be used, a standard shop
vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Polychiorinated
Biphenyls. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* VITON is recommended as a good protec-
tive material.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
-------
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
page 4 of 5
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be tleated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: POLYCHLORINATED
BI PHENYLS
NJ DOH Hazard ratinE
FLAMMABILITY
INot Foundi
INot Found I
I
REACTIVITY
ICANCER CAUSING
AGENT
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN FIRE I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Polychiorinated
Biphenyls you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE,
BROMINE, and FLUORINE).
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls should be
handled only in an established,
controlled, regulated area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
* Polychiorinated Biphenyls may burn, but
does not readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Dioxin and Chlorinated
Dibenzofurans.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Polychiorinated Biphenyls are spilled
or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Polychiorinated Biphenyls as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 383°F
Water Solubi] .ity: Slightly soluble
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS
This Fact Sheet also covers the following
substances:
PCB-l242 (Chlorodiphenyl -42%
CAS # 53469-21-9;
PCB- 1254 (Chlorodiphenyl - 54%
CAS # 11097-69-1.
Not intended to be
commercial purposes.
copied and sold for
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ
08625-0368
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
UN 2315
Guide code: 15
1336-36-3
Chlorine)
Chlorine)
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propoxur
Chemical Abstract Service # 114—26—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOnS might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propane sultone
(1, 2—Oxathiolane—2, 2—Dioxide)
Chemical Abstract service * 1120—71—4
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know ACt of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the TOxIC Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutionS might
state their concluSiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1, 2-OXATHIOLANE-
2,2—DIOXIDE
1120-71-4
None
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide can affect
you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-22-Dioxide should be
handled as a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* Exposure may irritate the nose and
throat, especially if 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide is heated.
IDENTIFICATION
-Oxathiolane-2 ,2-Dioxide is a white
- .alline solid or a colorless liquid
iat is used in making other chemicals.
£(EASON FOR CITATION
* 12-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACGIH and CAG.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
OW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,
ide. This does not mean that this sub-
stance is not harmful. Safe work prac-
tices should always be followed.
It should be recognized that 1,2-Oxa-
thiolane 2,2-Dioxide can be absorbed
through your skin, thereby increasing your
exposure.
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide may be a
CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen,
so all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide and
upon exiting from the work area.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 12-
Oxathiolane-2 ,2-Dioxide to potentially
exposed workers.
Common Name:
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
1446
-------
1, 2-OXATHIOIANE-2 ,2-DIOXIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute f’
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to l,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-
Dioxide:
* Exposure may irritate the nose and
throat, especially if 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide is heated.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide and
can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* l,2-Oxathiolane-22-Dioxide may be a
CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been
shown to cause leukemia and other types
of cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 1,2-Ox-
athiolane-2,2-Dioxide has caused CANCER
in the offspring of animals exposed
during pregnancy.
Other Long-Term Effects
* There are no other long-term effects
known at this time.
MEDICAL TESTING
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye conte
could occur. Special controls should
in place for highly toxic chemicals u .
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
1 ,2-Oxathiolane-2 ,2-Dioxide from drums
or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure
1, 2-Oxathiolane-2 ,2-Dioxide.
* If there is a possibility of skin expo-
sure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided’.
-------
1 ,2-OXATHIOLANE-2 ,2-DIOXIDE
page 3 of 5
* On skin contact with 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical. At the end of
the workshift, wash any areas of the
body that may have contacted 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2 ,2-Dioxide is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemi-
cal can be swallowed. Wash hands care-
fully before eating or smoking.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1 ,2-Oxathio-
lane-2,2-Dioxide. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to 12-Oxathio-
lane 2,2-Dioxide does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sure to 1 ,2-Oxathiolane-2 ,2-Dioxide,
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air
respirator with a full facepiece oper-
ated in the positive pressure mode or
with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet
in the continuous flow mode, or use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained
breathing apparatus with a full face-
piece operated in pressure-demand or
other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
-------
l,2-OXATHIOLANE-22-DIOXIDE page 4 of 5
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
oinmon Name: 1, 2—OXATHIOLANE—2, 2—
DIOXIDE
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
IFLAMMABILITY INot Found I
REACTIVITY INot Found I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
I CARCINOGEN
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* l,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is a COM-
BUSTIBLE SOLID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of Sulfur.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is spilled
or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide as
a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Solid 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide melts
at temperatures above 88°F.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: Greater than 235°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER MANES AND FORMULATIONS:
1,3-Propane Sultone
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
None
Guide code: No Citation
1120-71-4
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PROPOXUR
CAS
Number:
114-26-1
RTK
Substance number: 1604
DOT
Number:
UN
2588
Date
: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Propoxur can affect you when breathed
in and quickly enters the body by pass-
ing through the skin. Severe poisoning
can occur from skin contact. It is a
moderately toxic carbamate chemical.
* Propoxur may cause mutations. Handle
with extreme caution.
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* Exposure can cause severe carbamate
poisoning, with symptoms of headaches,
sweating, nausea and vomiting, diar-
rhea, muscle twitching, loss of coor-
dination and even death.
DENTIFICATION
rropoxur is a colorless crystalline pow-
der with a faint odor. It is used as an
insecticide mainly for malaria control.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Propoxur is on the RTK Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
ACGIH, DEP, DOT and other authorities.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.5 mg/rn averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limit is for •j
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the li-
mits listed above.
* Propoxur may cause mutations. All con-
tact with this chemical should be re-
duced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Propoxur and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Propoxur to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
PROPOXTJR
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur inunediately or shortly
after exposure to Propoxur:
* Exposure can cause severe carbamate
poisoning with symptoms of headaches,
sweating, nausea and vomiting, diar-
rhea, muscle twitching, loss of coordi-
nation and even death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Propoxur and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Propoxur may cause mutations (genetic
hanges) in living cells. Whether or not
it poses a cancer or reproductive
hazard needs further study.
Reproductive Hazard
* Propoxur may damage the developing fe-
tus.
* There is limited evidence that Propoxur
may decrease fertility in males and fe-
males.
Other Long-Term Effects
* There are no other long-term effects
known at this time.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Serum and RBC cholinesterase levels (a
test for the enzyme in the body af-
fected by Propoxur). These tests are
only useful if done I to 2 hours after
exposure and can return to normal be-
fore the person feels well.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms wi’
an exam. Medical tests that look for d
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Persons exposed to other chemicals
which affect body cholinesterase (or-
ganophosphates, carbamates) may be at
increased risk.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unle a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment
less effective than the controls mentio
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document
Occupational Exposure During the Manu-
facture and Formulation of Pesticides
#78-174.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Propoxur should change into
clean clothing promptly.
-------
PROPOXUR
page 3 of 5
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Propoxur.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Propoxur, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the che-
mical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Propoxur, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Pro-
poxur is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Propoxur. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full face-piece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER. USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
£ it testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential 3 exists for expo-
sures over 0.5 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oyera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
-------
PROPOXUR page 4 of 5
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
INot
Found
I
REACTIVITY INot Found
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Methyl Isocyanate.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Propoxur is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Propoxur as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Shampoo
hair if contaminated. Seek medical at-
tention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.01 mm Hg at 248°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Phenol, 2-(l-Methyleth-
oxy) -, Methylcarbamate
Other Names and Formulations:
Carbamic Acid, Methyl-; o-Isopropoxyphenyl
Ester; o-Isopropoxyphenyl Methyl
Carbainate; Baygon
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Propoxur you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
ALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
‘ ommon Name:
JOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
PROPOXUR
UN 2588
Guide code: 53
114-26-1
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propylene
Chemical Abstract Service t 115—07—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988 -
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PROPYLENE
CAS
Number:
115
-07-1
RTK
Substance number: 1609
DOT
Number:
UN
1077
Date
: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Propylene can affect you when breathed
in.
* Exposure to high levels can cause you
to feel dizzy and lightheaded. Very
high levels can cause you to pass out
from lack of oxygen. Death can result.
* Contact with liquefied Propylene can
cause frostbite.
* Exposure may cause an irregular the
heart beat. It may also damage the
liver.
* Propylene is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE GAS and
is a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD.
)ENTIFICATION
eropylene is a colorless gas with a slight
odor or a liquid under pressure. It is
used in the production of many organic
chemicals including resins, plastics,
synthetic rubber and gasoline.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Propylene is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT
and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLA}D(ABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Propylene. This does not
mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be fol-
lowed.
* Large amounts of Propylene will de-
crease the amount of available oxygen.
Oxygen content should be tested to en-
sure that it is 19% by volume.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective gloves and clothing to
avoid contact with liquid Propylene.
* Permanently installed detectors can be
used to monitor any dangerous release
of Propylene gas.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Propylene to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
PROPYLENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Propylene:
* Exposure to high levels can cause you
to feel dizzy and lightheaded. Very
high levels can make you pass out and
even die from lack of oxygen.
* Contact with liquefied Propylene can
cause frostbite.
* Exposure may cause an irregular heart
beat. This can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Propylene and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Propylene has been tested
and has not been shown to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Propylene has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Propylene may damage the liver.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
* Holter monitor (a special 24 hour EKC
to look for irregular heart beat).
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms w
an exam. Medical tests that look for d.
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the
stance is released into the workplace
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contacc
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Before entering a confined space where
Propylene is present, check to make
sure sufficient oxygen (19%) exists.
* Before entering a confined space where
Propylene may be present, check to make
sure that an explosive concentration
does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* DO NOT SMOKE in the work area.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN B-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
-------
PROPYLENE
page 3 of 5
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are oniy
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Where exposure to cold equipment, va-
pors, or liquid may occur, employees
should be provided with special cloth-
ing designed to prevent the freezing of
body tissues.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
3uch equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Exposure to Propylene is dangerous be-
cause it can replace oxygen and lead to
suffocation. Only MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in positive
pressure mode should be used in oxygen
deficient environments.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Propylene you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Propylene must be stored to avoid con-
tact with OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLO-
RATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLO-
RATES, and NITRATES) since violent re-
actions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT or DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Propy-
lene is handled, used, or stored.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Propylene.
* Wherever Propylene is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and fit-
tings.
* Piping should be electrically bonded
and grounded.
* Procedures for the handling, use and
storage of Propylene cylinders should
be in compliance with OSHA 1910.101 and
subpart M as well as with the recommen-
dations of the Compressed Gas Associa-
tion.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
• workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
ce t possibly in cases of fires or
-------
PROPYLENE page 4 of 5
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAMMABILITY
I
4
I
IREACTIVITY
I
1
I
I CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Propylene is a FLAMMABLE GAS.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* For small fires use dry chemical or CO 2
extinguishers.
* For large fires use water spray, fog or
foam.
* Keep containers of Propylene cool using
water spray.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
dPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Propylene is leaked, take the following
steps:
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: -162°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
l-Propene
Other Names and Formulations:
Propene; 1- Propylene; Methylethylene
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of leak until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be
stopped in place, remove the leaking
cylinder to a safe place in the open
air, and repair leak or allow cylinder
to empty.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Propylene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
‘ommon Name:
OT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
PROPYLENE
UN 1077
Guide code: 22
115-07-1
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
If contact with liquid Propylene occurs:
* Immediately
warm water.
immerse affected part in
Seek medical attention.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
all your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Propyleneimifle
Chemical Abstract Service 11 75—55—8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENThL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PROPYLENE IMINE
CAS
Number:
75-
55-8
RTK
Substance number: 1614
DOT
Number:
UN
1921
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Propylene Imine can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Propylene Imine should be handled as a
CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Contact can cause severe burns of the
eyes and skin.
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat
and lungs.
IDENTIFICATION
Propylene Imine is a fuming, colorless
liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor.
Tt is used in making paint, pharmaceuti-
Lis, and other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Propylene Imine is on the RTK Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH and DOT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Propylene Imine may be a CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after ex-
posure to Propylene Imine.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Propylene Imine to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
PROPYLENE ININE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Propylene Imine:
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
* The chemical can severely burn the
eyes, leading to permanent damage
* Propylene Imine can irritate the nose,
throat and lungs.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Propylene Imine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Propylene Imine may be a CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans because has been shown
to cause leukemia, cancer of the brain
and the breast, and other types of can-
cer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Propylene Imine has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether Pro-
pylene Imine causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENb...
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump
uid Propylene Imine from drums or ot 1 .
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
-------
PROPYLENE IMINE
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
azardous exposures. The following work
ractices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Propylene Imine should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Propylene Imine.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Propylene linine,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Pro-
pylene Imine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
ERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPlACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Propylene
Imine. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear gas-proof goggles and face shield,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expos-
ures over 2 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 500 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 500 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode..
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Propylene Imine
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Propylene Imine must be stored to avoid
contact with ACIDS and STRONG OXIDIZERS
(such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUO-
RINE) because violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Propy-
lene Imine is used, handled, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Propylene Imine
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Propylene Imine.
-------
PROPYLENE fl1INE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
..ar already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAXMABIL1TY
Not
Found I
Found I
I
IREACTIVITY
INot
I
IFLAMMABLE LIQUID
I
IPOISONOUS GAS IS
PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Propylene Imine is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Propylene Imine is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Propylene Imine out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Propylene Imine as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state. Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A I I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORHATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 112 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 25°F
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER CO!U4ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2-Methylaziridine
Other Names and Formulations: 1,2-
Propylene Imine; Methyl-ethylene Imine
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
Common Name:
OT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
PROPYLENE IMINE
UN 1921
Guide code: 30
75- 55-8
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Pyr idine
Chemical bstract Service # 110—86—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: PYRIDINE
CAS
Number:
110
-86-1
RTK Substance number: 1624
DOT
Number:
UN
1282
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Pyridine can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and skin. Higher levels can
cause stomach upset, headache, mental
changes and even coma and death.
* Repeated exposure to lower levels can
cause severe liver injury and brain
damage, with personality change and
confusion.
* Contact can burn and damage the eyes.
* Pyridine is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a
FIRE HAZARD. Ac high temperatures it
can release Cyanide gas.
OENTIFICATION
dine is a colorless or yellow liquid
.. i a strong sickening odor. It is used
n making pharmaceuticals and as a sol-
vent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Pyridine is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACCIH, DOT and NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is FLA (ABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.17 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after
exposure to Pyridine.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Pyri-
dine to potentially exposed workers.
-------
PYRIDINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a sununary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Pyridine:
* Exposure to Pyridine can irritate the
skin, nose, and throat.
* Contact can burn the eyes, leading to
permanent damage.
* High levels can cause you to become
dizzy, lightheaded, and may cause a
coma and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after
exposure to Pyridine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is no evidence that Pyridine
causes cancer in animals. This is based
on test results presently available to
the New Jersey Department of Health
from published studies.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Pyridine has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect re-
production.
Other Long-Ter n Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause severe li-
ver damage. It can also damage the
kidneys. - ________
* Pyridine can damage the nervous system
and brain, causing confusion and mental
changes.
* Pyridine may cause a skin allergy. If
allergy develops, very low future expo-
sures can cause itching and a skin
rash.
* Repeated exposure can cause headache,
nausea, trouble sleeping and back pain.
MEDI CAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Liver function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system.
* Kidney function tests.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testi
You have a legal right to this informati
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, drink-
ing alcohol can increase the liver dam-
age caused by Pyridine.
* If skin rash develops from Pyridine,
exposure to sunlight may make the rash
worse.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
_proyide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentior ”’
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
-------
PYRIDINE
page 3 of 5
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Pyridine from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
* Only approved explosion-proof electri-
cal wiring and equipment, and non-
sparking tools should be used in haz-
ardous locations.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Pyridine should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Pyridine.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Pyridine at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Pyri-
dine is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Pyridine. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* Rubber and Plastic gloves SHOULD NOT be
used.
Eye Protect ion
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS • Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Greater protection is provided by a
powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Pyridine, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
-------
PYRIDINE
page 4 of 5
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 3,600 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 3,600
ppm exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Pyridine you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Pyridine must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUORINE),
STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC,
SULFURIC, and NITRIC), CULOROSULFONIC
ACID, MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, and OLEUM IO-
DINE, because violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where
Pyridine is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers used in the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Pyridine should
be grounded and bonded. Drums must
be equipped with self-closing valves,
pressure vacuum bungs, and flame
arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and
equipment, especially when opening and
closing containers of Pyridine.
* Wherever Pyridine is used, handled,
manufactured, or stored, use explosion-
proof electrical equipment and fit-
tings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term).
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicalF
A: The likelihood of becoming sick ft
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. Ho
ever, people in the community may
exposed to contaminated water as weli
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAXMABILITY
I
3
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IFLAMMABLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE
IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Pyridine is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID. The
vapor is heavier than air and may
travel a distance to cause a fire or
explosion far from the source.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Pyridine is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Keep Pyridine out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the sew-
er is designed to prevent the build-up
of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Pyridine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 30 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of water. Seek medical
attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 18 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 68°F
Water Solubility: Miscible
OTHER CO!,fl4ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Pyridine
Other Names and Formulations:
Azabenzene; Azine
Not intended tobe copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
ommon Name:
JOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
PYRIDINE
UN 1282
Guide code: 26
110-86-1
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Quinoline
Chemical Abstract Service * 91—22—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summarieS of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutiOns might
state their concluSiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
‘HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: QUINOLINE
CAS
Number:
91-
22-5
RTK
Substance number: 1628
DOT
Number:
UN
2656
Date
: 6/10/88
HAZARD STJNMARY
* Quinoline can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Single high or repeated lower exposure
may damage the liver and can damage the
retina of the eye, affecting vision.
* Skin or eye contact can cause burns.
* The vapor can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and bronchial tubes and may
cause sore throat, nose bleeds, hoarse-
ness, cough, phlegm and tightness in
the chest.
• High exposures can cause nausea, vomit-
ing, dizziness, trouble breathing and
even death.
IDENTIFICATION
Quinoline is a clear, colorless liquid.
It is used in pharmaceuticals, as a sol-
ent, and to make dyes, paints and other
. hemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Quinoline is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by DOT, DEP,
NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Quinoline. This does not
mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be fol-
lowed.
It should be recognized that Quinoline can
be absorbed through your skin, thereby
increasing your exposure.
* Quinoline is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may
have a cancer risk. All contact with
this chemical should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Quinoline and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Quino-
line to potentially exposed workers.
-------
QUINOLINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all i,otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Quinoline:
* Skin or eye contact can cause burns.
* High exposures can cause nausea, vomit-
ing, stomach pain, fever dizziness, fa-
tigue, difficulty breathing and even
death from paralysis of muscles needed
for breathing. Liver damage may also
occur.
* The vapors can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and bronchial tubes and may
cause sore throat, nosebleeds, hoarse-
ness, cough, phlegm and/or tightness in
the chest. High exposure could cause a
dangerous fluid build-up in the lungs
(pulmonary edema), a medical emergency.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Quinoline and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Quinoline causes MUTATIONS (genetic
changes). Such chemicals may have a
cancer or reproductive risk and in
fact, there is limited evidence that
Quinoline causes cancer in animals. It
may cause cancer of the liver.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Quinoline has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated or high exposure can dami’
the retina of the eye (where nerves
vision are located, affecting vision).
Earlier changes can go unnoticed with-
out a complete exam.
* Repeated exposure may damage the liver.
* Exposure may lead to development of
skin allergy, with rash and itching.
(Direct irritation can also cause these
effects). If allergy develops, even
low future exposure could trigger rash.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Quinoline causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medic”.l Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are reco-
mmended:
* Eye exam every 6-12 months, including
complete vision testing and exam of the
retina.
* Lung function testing.
If symptoms develop or overexposure
suspected, the following may also be use-
ful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, arid
other respiratory problems, it may wor
respiratory conditions caused by chemL
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
-------
QUINOLINE
page 3 of 5
WORXPLA CE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Jnless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is re-
commended:
c Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Quinoline from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Quinoline should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Quinoline.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Quinoline, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Quinoline, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Quinoline is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Quinoline.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppi iers/manuf act -
urers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Quinoline
does not occur.
* Where the potential for exposure to
Quinoline exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MS1IA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
QUINOLINE
page 4 of 5
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Quinoline you
should be trained on its proper hand-
ling and storage.
* Quinoline is not compatible with STRONG
OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE
and FLUORINE), STRONG ACIDS (such as
HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC),
PERCHROMATES and NITROGEN TETROXIDE and
STEAM.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
MOISTURE and LIGHT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Quinoline is used, handled, or stored
in a manner that could create a poten-
tial fire or explosion hazard.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ihysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” exDo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, e
cept possibly in cases of fires
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be
more clearly using fewer animals. i....
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAMMABILI
IREACTIVITY
IPOISONOUS
TY
I
I
I
I
0
I
GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
ICONTAINERS
MAY
EXPLODE IN FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Quinoline is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon
Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide.
* Quinoline may burn, but does not
readily ignite.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Quinoline is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Quinoline as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention promptly.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 140°F (60°C)
Flash Point: 214°F (101°C)
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER NANES AND FORMULATIONS
l-Azanaphthalene; l-Benzazine; Benzo(b)
pyridine; Chinoline; Leucol; 1-Benzine
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
)OT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
QUINOLINE
UN 2656
Guide code: 29
91-22-5
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Saccharin
Chemical Abstract Service * 81—07-2
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: SACCHARIN
1641
HAZARD SU1 fl4ARY
* Saccharin can affect you when breathed
in.
* Saccharin is a CARCINOGEN- -HANDLE WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure to high levels can cause loss
of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diar-
rhea.
* Saccharin can cause a general allergic
reaction with rash and itching.
IDENTIFICATION
Saccharin is a white crystalline powder or
solid. It is used as a dietetic sweetener
tn soft drinks, juices and chewing gum.
,EASON FOR CITATION
* Saccharin is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by NTP and
CAG.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
‘ azard Substance List because it is a
ANGER-CAUSING AGENT.
Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* No exposure limits have been estab-
lished for this suspected carcinogen.
* Saccharin is a PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Saccharin is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Sac-
charin to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCEFACTSHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department 01 Health
Right to Know Program
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
CAS
Number:
81-07-2
RTK
Substance number:
DOT
Number:
None
Date: 01/31/86
-------
SACCHARIN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORHATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur iinniediately or shortly
after exposure to Saccharin:
* Exposure to high levels can cause loss
of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diar-
rhea.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Saccharin and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Saccharin is a PROBABLE CANCER-CAUSING
AGENT in humans. There is some evi-
dence that it causes urinary tract can-
cer in humans and it has been shown to
cause bladder cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is no evidence that Saccharin
adversely affects reproduction. This is
based on test results presently avail-
able to the New Jersey Department of
Health from published studies.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure to Saccharin can cause a gen-
eral allergic reaction with rash and
itching.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing is recommended:
* Urine cytology (a special test for ab-
normal cells in the urine).
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in y
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous ti.
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Saccharin from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Saccharin should change into
clean clothing promptly.
• * Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposc
* Contaminated work clothes should
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Saccharin.
-------
page 3 of 5
SACCHARIN
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Saccharin at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Sac-
charin is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Saccharin.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* Clothes and equipment should be vacu-
umed prior to removal.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS • Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSI-I approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
-------
SACCHARIN page 4 of 5
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLA M BILITY
0
I
IREACTIVITY
I 0
I
ICANCER CAUSING AGENT
I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Oxides of Nitrogen and Sul-
fur.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCY
If Saccharin is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose-of Saccharin as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Saccharin you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Saccharin is handled,
used, or stored.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
First Aid
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
Chemical Name
l,1-Dioxide-l,2-Benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-One
Nor intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES
immediately
call
your
local fire department.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
‘ omnion Name:
.)OT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
SACCHARIN
None
Guide code: No Citation
81-07-2
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Selenium
Chemical Abstract Service t 7782—49—2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be expos. d to—the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT
SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by
the United States
New Jersey Department of Heafth
Right to Know Program
Environmental
Office of
Protection Agency
Toxic Substances
Common Name:
SEIJENIUM
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7782-49-2
UN 2658
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
1648
HAZARD SUI*IARY
* Selenium can affect you when breathed
in.
* Exposure to the dust or concentrated
mist can irritate the nose, throat and
bronchial tubes. Higher levels can
cause difficulty breathing, lung irri-
tation (pneumonitis) and headaches.
* Eye contact can cause irritation.
* Repeated overexposure can cause garlic
odor on the breath, metallic taste, ir-
ritability, fatigue, increased dental
cavities, upset stomach, loss of nails
and hair and mood change (depression).
)ENTIFICATION
..elenium is a black, gray or red odorless
solid. It is used in the manufacture of
electrodes and as a pigment for ruby
glass, paints and dyes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Selenium is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH and DOT.
* Definitions are attached.
MOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.2mg/rn
for Selenium and compounds mea-
sured as Selenium averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended ai 5 b&rne exposure
limit is 0.2 mg/rn for Selenium
compounds measured as Selenium
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly after exposure to
Selenium.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Selenium to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
SELENIUN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Selenium:
* Eye contact can cause irritation.
* The dust or a concentrated mist can ir-
ritate the nose (with dryness, nose
bleeds), throat and bronchial tubes
(with cough, phlegm). Higher exposures
can cause headaches, trouble breathing
and lung irritation (pneumonitis).
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Selenium and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Selenium has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in ani-
mals.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Selenium
may damage the developing fetus and
decrease fertility in females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated overexposure can cause metal-
lic taste, a garlic odor to the breath,
tiredness, irritability, pallor, indi-
gestion, increased susceptibility to
dental cavities and loss of nails and!
or hair. Mood changes (depression) can
also occur.
* Repeated higher exposures may cause
liver damage (hepatic necrosis).
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether Se-
lenium causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regulai.
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
* Urine test for Selenium (normal is less
than 100 micrograms per liter of
urine).
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Liver function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this informat!
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in yc.
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
-------
SELENIUM
page 3 of 5
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Selenium should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Selenium.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Selenium at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Sele-
nium is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Selenium. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 0.2 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator
equipped with particulate (dust/fume!
mist) filters. Greater protection is
provided by a powered-air purifying
respirator. Particulate filters must
be checked every day before work for
physical damage, such as rips or tears,
and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Selenium, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
— a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 100 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
poss bility of exposures above 100
mg/rn exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
-------
SELENITJ11
page 4 of 5
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-terni)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasin opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community,
cept possibly in cases of fires
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing
are at high risk.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I FLAMMABILITY
1 DLA(’I’TVITY
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* Selenium must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) and
STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC,
SULFURIC and NITRIC) since violent re-
actions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
WATER.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including fumes of Selenium.
* Use dry chemical, Ca 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
tf Selenium is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Selenium as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
Eye Contact
* Inunediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a
ity. Consider 24 hour
breathing overexposure,
be delayed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: less than 0.001 mm Hg
at 68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Selenium you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
SELENIUM
UN 2658
Guide code: 53
7782-49-2
£sLans,a_ - —— — -
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
INot Foundi
INot Foundi
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
medical facil-
observation for
as symptoms may
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Silver
Chemical Abstract Service t 7440—22—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Envirorunental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
sumniaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than c5mmunity
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
SILVER
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-22-4
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 01/31/86
1669
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Silver can affect you when breathed in.
* Repeated exposure to fine Silver dust
or fumes can cause blue-grey staining
of the eyes, mouth, throat, internal
organs and skin. This occurs slowly
and may take years to develop. Once
present, it does not go away. It can
be very disfiguring.
* Skin contact can cause Silver to become
imbedded in small cuts in the skin,
forming a permanent tattoo.
IDENTIFICATION
ilver is a brilliant, soft, white metal.
is used in making jewelry, silverware
.cid mirrors. It is also used in photo-
graphy and in solders and electroplating.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Silver is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
md cited by ACGIH.
efinitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of
sampling results from your employer.
You have a legal right to this
information under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
expo ure limit (PEL) is 0.01.
mg/in averaged over an 8-hour
workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.1 mg/rn 3 averaged over
an 8-hour workshift.
* Silver may form metal fumes which pre-
sent different hazards than the sub-
stance itself. For further information
see page 2.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training—ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Silver
to potentially exposed workers.
-------
SILVER
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
Metal, metal compounds and alloys are of-
ten used in “hot” operations in the work-
place. These may include, but are not
limited to, welding, brazing, soldering,
plating, cutting, and metallizing. At the
high temperatures reached in these opera-
tions, metals often form metal fumes which
have different health effects and exposure
standards than the original metal or metal
compound and require specialized controls.
Your workplace can be evaluated for the
presence of particular fumes which may be
generated. Consult the appropriate NJ DOH
Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Silver:
* With eye contact, fragments of Silver
metal or metal dust can scratch the
surface of the eye and become imbedded
there, forming permanent blue-grey
stains in the eye.
* Metal fragments can also enter small
cuts in the skin, forming a permanent
tattoo.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Silver and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Silver has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in ani-
mals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Silver has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affe
reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Breathing fine Silver dust or fumes can
gradually cause the eyes, nails, inner
nose, mouth, throat, internal organs
and skin to turn a blue-grey color.
This usually takes 2-20 years but is
permanent, and can be very disfiguring.
This condition is called “argyr.La”.
* Repeated exposure can cause clouding in
the cornea of the eye. This can cause
problems with vision, especially at
night.
* High, repeated exposure to Silver may
cause kidney damage.
MEDICAL TESTING
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the fol-
lowing are recommended:
* Slit lamp exam by an eye doctor.
* Exam of the skin, nose and throat.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating or
ations can also reduce exposure. Us..
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
-------
SILVER
page 3 of 5
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Silver should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Silver.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Silver, immediate-
ly wash or shower to remove the chem-
ical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Silver, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Sil-
ver is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency part-
iculate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Silver. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.01 mg/in 3 , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator with a high effici-
ency particulate filter. More protec-
tion is provided by a full facepiece
respirator than by a half-mask respi-
rator, and even greater protection is
provided by a powered-air purifying
respirator. Particulate filters must
be checked every day before work for
physical damage, such as rips or tears,
and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Silver, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor or fume) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
-------
SILVER
page 4 of 5
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode, or
use a MSFIA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amour
of exposure increases. This is dete
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as we) 1
as to chemicals in the air over Ii
periods. Because of this, and becau..
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: SILVER
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 7440-22-4
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY
I
0
REACTIVITY
I
0
•
DO NOT USE WATER
I
TOXIC FUMES MAY BE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
COMBUSTIBLE POWDER
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Silver Powder is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* TOXIC FUMES MAY BE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemicals appropriate for ex-
tinguishing metal fires.
* DO NOT USE WATER.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Silver is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Silver as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
grain for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Silver you should
be trained on its proper handling and
storage.
* Silver must be stored to avoid contact
with ACETYLENE, AMMONIA, HYDROGEN PER-
OXIDE, or ETHYLENE IMENE since violent
reactions occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Skin Contact
* If skin contact to Silver dust or small
metal fragments over skin areas having
small cuts has occurred, medical atten-
tion is recommended to remove the frag-
ments before tattooing occurs.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention since prompt re-
moval of fragments can help prevent
staining.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Argentuin; Shell Silver
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Ofllce of Toxic Substances
Sodium hydroxide
Chemical Abstract Service * 1310—73—2
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know 7 ct of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection 7 gency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their concluSiOnS regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of sununary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. s
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
IDENTI FICATION
Sodium Hydroxide is a white, odorless
solid. It is used in water solutions in
a wide range of industrial and chemical
ocesseS.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Sodium Hydroxide is on the Workplace
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA, and cited by ACCIH,
NIOSH and other authorities.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are provided
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 2 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended a .rborne exposure
limit is 2 mg/rn , which should
not be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
ACCIH: The recommended a .rborne exposure
limit is 2 mg/rn , which should
not be exceeded at any time.
Distributed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE
BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Sodium Hydroxide.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Sodium
Hydroxide to potentially exposed work-
COMMON NAME: SODIUM HYDROXIDE
CAS NUMBER: 1310-73-2
DOT NUMBER: UN 1823/UN 1824
HAZARD SUMMARY
*
is a CORROSIVE SOLID
* Sodium Hydroxide can affect you when
breathed in.
Sodium
or LIQUID and can cause severe burns of
the
resulting in blindness.
* Breathing the dust or droplets of solu-
eyes,
tion can irritate or damage the lungs.
of
Higher levels can cause a buildup
fluid (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
ers.
-------
I
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer.sUPPlied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORXA T ION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Sodium Hydroxide:
* The chemical causes very severe burns
of the eyes, leading to permanent dam-
age.
* Contact can cause severe skin burns.
* Breathing Sodium Hydroxide can irritate
the mouth, nose, and throat. Exposure
to higher levels may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath. Still higher exposure
can cause a buildup of fluid in the
lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Sodium Hydroxide and can last for
months or years:
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Sodium Hydroxide causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
x-ray after acute
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKP lACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best protec-
tion is enclosing operations and/or pro-
viding local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating opera-
tions can also reduce exposure. Using res-
pirators or protective equipment is less
effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is; (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Better controls should be in
place for highly toxic chemicals or when
significant skin, eye, or breathing expo-
sures are possible.
In addition, the following contols are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Sodium. Hydroxide from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Consider chest
overexposure.
-------
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Sodium Hydrox-
ide #76-105.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been con-
taminated by Sodium Hydroxide should
change into clean clothing immediately.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Sodium Hydroxide.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Sodium Hydroxide,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical.
Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Sodium Hydroxide is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for clean-up. Use a
vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust
during clean-up.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Sodium Hydrox-
ide. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACCIH recommends Natural Rubber, Ni-
true, or Polyvinyl Chloride as protec-
tive materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
or wear dust-proof goggles and face
shield when working with powders or
dust, unless full facepiece respiratory
protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE. OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing, and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potenti l exists for expo-
sures over 2 mg/rn , use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator with a high eff i-
ciency particulate filter with a full
facepiece. Greater protection is
provided by a powered-air purifying
respirator. Particulate filters must
be checked every day before work for
physical damage, such as rips or tears,
and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Sodium Hy-
droxide, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
-------
* Exposure to 200 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 200
mg/rn exists use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can
occur from repeated exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to
make you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is
determined by the length of time
someone is exposed and the amount of
material they are exposed to.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing ooera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ii]., community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Sodium
Hydroxide itself does not burn.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Sodium Hydroxide is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
nd, earth, or a similar material and
posit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Sodium Hydroxide as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact the Department of
Enviroruuental Protection or your
regional office of the federal Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for spe-
cific recommendations.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from WA-
TER.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Instantly flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local Fire Department.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Highly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Sodium Hydroxide
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
dium Hydroxide can must be stored to
3id contact with WATER, ACIDS,
L LAMNABLE LIQUIDS, ORGANIC HALOGEN COM-
POUNDS, METALS, or NITRO COMPOUNDS, be-
cause violent reactions occur.
Not intended to be copied
Chemical Name: Sodium Hydroxide
Other Names: Lye Solution; Caustic Soda;
White Caustic
EMERG ENCY IN FORMATIO
C” imon Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Number: UN 1823/UN 1824
NFPA Flammability: 0
NFPA Reactivity: 1
WARNING
CORROSIVE LIQUID OR SOLID
DOES NOT BURN
Health hazards on front page
\\\ f//,, New Jersey Department of Health
CN 368 Trenton, NJ 08625
and sold for commercial purposes.
Date prepared: Septether 1985
Revision: • 16
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Styrene
Chemical Abstract Service * 100—42—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
Environmental Protection Agency
Ofllce of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
STYRENE MONOMER
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
100-42 -5
UN 2055
RTK Substance number: 1748
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Styrene Monomer can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Because this is a MUTACEN, handle it as
a possible cancer-causing substance- -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* It may also damage the fetus.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat. Higher levels can cause
you to feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to
pass out. Very high levels could cause
brain and liver damage, and death.
* Repeated exposure to lower levels can
cause trouble concentrating, memory
problems, and affect learning ability.
It is a FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE CHEMICAL
and a FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Styrene Monomer is a colorless oily li-
quid with an aromatic odor. It is used in
making polystrene plastics, protective
coatings, polyesters, resins, and as a
chemical intermediate.
! EASON FOR CITATION
Styrene Monomer is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIH, NIOSH, DOT,
DEP, NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a MUTAGEN, FLA fMABLE, and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.08 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limits (PEL) are 100 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift. and 200 ppm which should
not exceed at any time.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 50 ppm averaged over a
10-hour workshift 100 ppm,
not to be exceeded during any 15
minute work period.
* Styrene Monomer is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens
may have a cancer risk. All contact
with this chemical should be reduced to
the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only .
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Styrene Monomer and at the end
of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Sty-
rene Monomer to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
STYRENE MONOMER
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work ar’
at regular times after that:
* Exam of the nervous system.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Styrene Monomer:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and skin. Higher levels can
cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded,
and to pass out. Very high levels could
cause brain and liver damage and death.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Styrene Monomer and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Styrene Monomer causes MUTATIONS (ge-
netic changes). Such chemicals may
have a cancer risk, and in fact, there
is limited evidence that it causes
cancer of the lung in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Styrene Monomer may damage the develop-
ing fetus.
* There is limited evidence that it may
decrease fertility in females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause memory and
concentration problems, difficulty in
learning, slowed reflexes, and trouble
with balancing.
* Styrene Monomer can cause headaches,
drowsiness, numbness and stomach upset.
MEDICAL TESTING
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
* EEC (brain wave study).
* Interview for brain effects, including
recent memory, mood (irritability,
withdrawal), concentration, headaches,
malaise and altered sleep patterns.
Consider cerebellar, autonomic and per-
ipheral nervous system evaluation.
Positive and borderline individuals
should be referred for neuropsycho-
logical testing.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure. You have a legal
right to request copies of your medical
testing under OSHA 1910.20.
WOR1
-------
STYRENE MONOMER
page 3 of 5
* Before entering a confined space where
Styrene Monomer is present, check to
make sure sufficient oxygen (19%) ex-
ists and that an explosive concentra-
tion does not exist.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical. Refer to
the NIOSH criteria document: Occupa-
tional Exposure to Seyrene #83 -119.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Styrene Monomer should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Styrene Monomer.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Styrene Monomer,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Styrene Monomer,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Sty-
rene Monomer is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Styrene Mono-
mer. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recomnienda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
faceshield when working with liquid,
unless full face-piece respiratory
protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Styrene
Monomer does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 50 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Styrene Mo-
nomer, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is,
replace the filter, cartridge, or can-
ister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against’ a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
-------
STYRENE MONOMER
page 4 of 5
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use an MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 5,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 5,000
ppm exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Styrene Monomer
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Styrene Monomer must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZING AGENTS, and CA-
TYLISTS for VINYL POLYMERIZATION such
as PEROXIDES, STRONG ACIDS (such as HY-
DROCHLORIC, SULFURIC, and NITRIC), and
ALUMINUM CHLORIDES since violent reac-
tions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Sty-
rene Monomer is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Styrene Monomer
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Styrene Monomer.
* Wherever Styrene Monomer is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
* Styrene Monomer will corrode Copper and
Copper alloy and dissolve Rubber.
* It must be stored with an inhibitor to
prevent explosive reactions.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposur e
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing: opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactc
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may -
fect the ability to have children,
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
-------
‘ ommon Name:
OT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
STYRENE MONOMER
UN 2055
Guide code: 27
100-42-5
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFIAMMABIL1TY
3
IREACTIVITY
I
2
IPOISONOUS GASES
IEXPLOSIVE ABOVE
ARE PRODUCED IN
150°F (65.5°C)
FIRE
Hazard Rating key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
I
* Styrene Monomer is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
JPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Styrene Monomer is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete. Vapor build
up may cause suffocation.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Styrene Monomer out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Styrene Monomer as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
I ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 4.5 mm Hg at 68°F
(20°C)
Flash PoInt: 88°F (31.1°C)
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO *!ONLY USED NANES
Other Names and Formulations:
Phenylethylene; Vinylbenzene; Annamene
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Sulfuric acid
Chemical Abstract Service 4 7664—93—9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in tile ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name:
SULFURIC ACID
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7664-93-9
UN 1830
RTK Substance number: 1761
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Sulfuric Acid can affect you when
breathed in.
* Sulfuric Acid is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL
and can severely burn the skin and
eyes. It can cause third-degree skin
burns and blindness on contact.
* Exposure to mist can irritate the eyes,
nose, throat, and lungs, causing cough-
thg, chest tightness and sneezing.
Higher levels can cause a build-up of
fluid in the lungs, (pulmonary edema)
which can be fatal.
* Repeated exposures can cause permanent
lung damage and damage teeth.
Sulfuric Acid is a REACTIVE CHEMICAL
and is an EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Sulfuric Acid is an oily liquid. It is
used in fertilizers, chemicals, dyes,
petroleum refining, etching, analytical
chemistry and in making iron, steel and
industrial explosives.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Sulfuric Acid is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and
NIOSH and EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is REACTIVE and CORROSIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ABE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissibl
exposure limit (PEL) is 1 mg/rn
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1. mg/rn 3 averaged over a
10-hour workshift.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 mg/rn 3 averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Sulfuric Acid and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Sulfuric Acid to potentially exposed
workers.
-------
SULFURIC ACID
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentia1_
high exposure (half the TLV or greater)
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Sulfuric Acid:
* Contact can severely burn the skin and
eyes causing permanent damage.
* Exposure to Sulfuric Acid mist or fumes
can irritate the eyes, causing tearing;
the nose and throat causing sneezing;
and can irritate the lungs causing
chest tightness, coughing and shortness
of breath.
* High levels can burn the lungs and
cause a build-up of fluid (pulmonary
edema). This can cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Sulfuric Acid and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Sulfuric Acid has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer
in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Sulfuric Acid has not been
tested for its ability to adversely
affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause bronchitis,
with cough, phlegm, and shortness of
breath and may cause emphysema.
* Sulfuric Acid can cause chronic runny
nose, tearing of the eyes, nose bleeds,
and stomach upset.
* Repeated exposure can cause erosion and
pitting of the teeth.
* Lung function tests.
* Exam of the teeth.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump 1iq-
uid Sulfuric Acid from drums or other
-------
SULFURIC ACID
page 3 of 5
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
k Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Sulfuric Acid
#74-128
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Sulfuric Acid should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Sulfuric Acid.
* Eye wash fountains in the immediate
work area should be provided for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Sulfuric Acid, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. A specially formulated emol-
ient soap can be used.
* At the end of workshift, after washing,
you should be provided with and use a
skin cream which will help prevent ex-
cessive drying and a loss of elasticity
of your skin.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Sul-
furic Acid is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Sulfuric Acid.
Wear acid-resistant gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/ clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Neoprene, Nitrile,
Polyvinyl Chloride or Saranex as pro-
tective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
* For highly concentrated Sulfuric Acid,
wear gas-proof goggles and face shield
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OS}iA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Sulfuric
Acid does not occur.
* Where the potentia] exists for expo-
sures over 1.0 mg/rn , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an acid gas canister with a high effi-
ciency particulate prefilter. Increased
protection is obtained from full face-
piece powered-air purifying respira-
tors.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Sulfuric
Acid, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or cani-
ster. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
-------
SULFURIC ACID
page 4 of 5
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters, to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 80 mg/rn 3 is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If th
possibility of exposures ‘bove 80 mg/rn
exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Sulfuric Acid you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Sulfuric Acid must be stored to avoid
contact with WATER, CHLORATES, CHRO-
MATES, CARBIDES, FULMINATES, NITRATES,
PICRATES, and POWDERED METALS) since
violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, dry well-ventilated area away
from SUNLIGHT and in an area with an
acid resistant cement floor.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Sulfu-
ric Acid is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Always add acid to water never, the
reverse.
* Sulfuric Acid is extremely corrosive-
HANDLE WITH CARE and use proper equip-
ment and practices.
* Wherever Sulfuric Acid is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use
explosion-proof electrical equipment
and fittings.
* Contact of Sulfuric Acid with metal
drums may cause the release of flam-
mable, explosive Hydrogen gas, ther
fore, storage drums should be coate..
with acid resistant material.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people w’
are already ill, community exposuz
may cause health problems.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
SULFURIC ACID
UN 1830
Guide code: 39
7664-93-9
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I 0
I
IREACTIVITY
I 2
I
ICOREOSIVE AND REACTIVE
I
IDO NOT USE WATER
I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED
IN FIRE
I
I OR ON CONTACT WITH WATER OR
I
STEAM
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: O’.minimal; 1—slight;
2 ”moderate; 3”serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* DO NOT USE WATER.
* Use dry chemical or
* Sulfuric Acid may
bustible materials.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE or
ON CONTACT WITH WATER or STEAM,
including Oxides of Sulfur.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Contact with metal releases FLAMMABLE
Hydrogen gas.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Sulfuric Acid is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Cover spills with sand or ashes. Never
use organic materials like sawdust.
Never wash down a spill of Sulfuric
Acid with water.
* Keep Sulfuric Acid out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Sulfuric Acid as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* INSTANTLY flush eyes with large amounts
of water. Continue without sto ing
for at least 30 minutes, occasionally
lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Miscible/Reactive
Other Names and Formulations:
BOU; Dipping Acid; Oil of Vitriol; Vitriol
Brown Oil; Sulphuric Acid Mist
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
CO 2 extinguishers.
ignite other com-
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1,1,2, 2—TetrachiOrOethafle
Chemical Abstract Service * 79-34—5
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency tO establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences ifl the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according tO potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: 1,1,2,2—TETRA—
CHLOROETHANE
RTK Substance number: 1809
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,1,22-Tetrachioroethane can affect
you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* 1,1,2,2-Tetrachioroethane should be
handled as a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* Overexposure can cause unconsciousness,
liver and kidney damage and death.
* Lower exposures can cause dizziness and
drowsiness.
* Long-term exposures can cause chronic
damage of the liver, kidneys, blood
forming organs and nerves.
* Liquid or vapor can cause eye damage.
Never use near combustion sources;
highly toxic gases are formed.
IDENTIFICATION
1,1 ,22-Tetrachioroethane is a colorless
or pale yellow liquid with a sickly sweet
odor. It is used in making other chemi-
cals, insecticides, paints, rust re-movers
and varnishes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,12,2-Tetrachioroethane is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACCI11,
CAG, NIOSH and DOT.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 1.5 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm av-
eraged over an 8-hour workshift.
NIOSH: Recommends reducing exposures to
the lowest detectable limit.
ACCIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1. ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* 1,1,2,2-Tetrachioroethane may be a CAR-
CINOGEN in humans. There may be safe
level of exposure to a carcinogen, so
all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to l,12,2-Tetrachloroethane and
at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area and communicate all in-
formation on the health and safety
hazards of 1,1,2, 2-Tetrachioroethane
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Right to Know Program
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
.0T Number:
79-34-5
UN 1702
-------
1,1,2,2 -TETRACHLOROETHANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORI4ATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to L,1,22-Tetrachloro-
ethane:
* 1I.,2,2-Tetrachloroethane can cause un-
conciousness and death. Lower expo-
sures can cause dizziness and drowsi-
ness. Poor appetite, nausea, or weak-
ness may occur.
* Short-term exposure can damage the
liver and kidneys enough to cause
death.
* The liquid or vapor can cause severe
damage to the eyes and irritate the
skin, nose, mouth and throat.
* Nerve effects like tremors, “pins and
needles,” headaches, irritability, ner-
vousness, or insomnia may occur.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to l,l2,2-Tetrachloroethane and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard - -
* 1,1,2,2-Tetrachioroethane may be a CAR-
CINOCEN in humans since it has been
shown to cause liver cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 1,1,2,2-
Tetrachioroethane is a teratogen in an-
imals. Until further testing has been
done, it should be treated as a possi-
ble teratogen in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Long-term exposure may damage t1
liver, kidneys, blood forming orga
and nerves.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Exam of the nervous system.
* Liver and kidney function tests with a
complete blood count.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consux
tion can cause liver damage, drinking a.i.-
cohol may increase the liver damage caused
by 11,2,2-Tetrachioroethane.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should b
in place for highly toxic chemicals
when significant skin, eye, or breathi
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
-------
1, 1,2,2 -TETRACHLOROETHANE
page 3 of 5
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid 1,1,2, 2-Tetrachioroethane from
drums or other storage containers to
process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
#78-181 Current Intelligence Bulletin:
Chioroethane #27.
Cood WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by 1,1,2,2 -Tetrachioroethane
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachioroethane.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlo-
roethane, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted 1,1,2,2-Tetra-
chioroethane, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachioroethane is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemi-
cal can be swallowed. Wash hands care-
fully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,1,2,2-Tetra-
chloroethane. Wear solvent-resistant
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
-------
1,1,2,2-TETRACULOROETHANE page 4 of 5
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. ExposureE in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af- —
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: 1,1,2,2—
TETRACHLOROETHANE
DOT Number: UN 1702
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55
GAS Number: 79-34-5
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IF LANMABILITY
I
0
I
IREACTIVITY
0
I
IPOISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. 1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethane itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Phosgene and Hydrogen Chlo-
ride.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,1,2,2-Tetrachioroethane is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 11,2,2-Tetrachloroethane as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* l,l,2,2-Tetrachloroethane must be
stored to avoid contact with CHEMICALLY
ACTIVE METALS (such as POTASSIUM, POW-
DERED ALUMINUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and
ZINC) or STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDRO-
CHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) since
violent reactions occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of water. Seek medical atten-
tion.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 8 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER CO 1ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethane, 1,1,2,2-Tetra-
chloro -
Other Names and Formulations:
Acetylene tetrachloride; Di-chloro-2, 2-
dichloroethane; Tetrachioro-ethane
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,12,2-Tetra-
chioroethane you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Tetrach loroethylene
Chemical Abstract Service It 127—18-4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance number: 1810
Date: 3/6/87 Revision: First
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Tetrachioroethylene can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Tetrachioroethylene should be handled
as a CARCINOGEN- -WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* High exposure can cause you to become
dizzy and lightheaded and to pass out.
* It can cause the heart to beat irregu-
larly or stop. This can cause death.
* Severe liver and kidney damage can oc-
cur.
* High exposure may cause a build-up of
fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
Contact can cause eye and skin burns.
IDENTIFICATION
Tetrachioroethylene is a clear liquid with
a sweet chloroform-like odor. It is used
in dry cleaning and metal degreasing.
REASON FOR CITATION
• Tetrachioroethylene is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by NIOSH, CAG, ACGIH,
DOT and NFPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because it
is a CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 27 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* These exposure limits are for 1ev-
els only .
OSHA: The legal permissible exposure
limits (PEL) are 100 ppm averaged
over an 8-hour workshift and an
employee may be exposed to a con-
centration of Tetrachioroethylene
above 200 ppm (but never above
300 ppm) only for a maximum pe-
riod of 5 minutes in any 3 hours.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 50 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 200 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
is the lowest feasible limit.
* Tetrachloroethylene may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans. There may be safe level
of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Tetrachioroethylene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Tetra-
chloroethylene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the
Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program
Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
127-18-4
UN 1897
-------
Tetrachioroethylene
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Tetrachioroethylene:
* High exposure can cause you to become
dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Overexposure can cause the heart to
beat irregularly or stop. It can also
damage the liver and kidneys enough to
cause death.
* Breathing the vapor may irritate the
lungs, causing coughing and/or short-
ness of breath. Higher exposure can
cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death. These effects can be delayed
for many hours.
* Contact with the liquid can cause se-
vere skin burns, and can cause eye
burns.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, mouth and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
- sure —to Tetrachioroethylene and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Tetrachioroethylene may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans since it causes liver cancer
in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* Tetrachloroethylene may damage the de-
veloping fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Tetrachioroethylene may damage the
liver and kidneys with high single ex-
posures or lower repeated exposures.
* Long-term exposure can cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
* Very irritating substances may affe
the lungs. It is not known whether Te-
trachioroethylene causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact) the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Urinalysis.
* Liver function tests.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Special 24 hour EKG (Holter monitor) to
look for irregular heart beat.
Any evaluation should include a caref
history of past and present symptoms wi
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
* Because more than light alcohol con-
sumption can cause liver damage, it can
increase the liver damage caused by Te-
trachioroethylene.
* Because smoking can cause heart dis-
ease, as well as lung cancer, emphy-
sema, and other respiratory problems,
it may worsen respiratory conditions
caused by chemical exposure. Even if
you have smoked for a long time, stop-
ping now will reduce your risk of de-
veloping health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be se..
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
-------
Tetrachioroethylene
page 3 of 5
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Tetrachloroethylene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document on
Tetrachioroethylene #76-185.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Tetrachioroethylene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Tetrachloroethylene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Tetrachioroethy-
lene, immediately wash or shower to re-
move the chemical.
* At the end of the workshift, wash areas
of the body that may have had contact
with this chemical, whether or not
known contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Te-
trachioroethylene is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Tetrachioroeth-
ylene. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recom-
mendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Nitrile Rubber, Poly-
vinyl Alcohol, or Viton as good to ex-
cellent protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
I}IPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Tetrachlo-
roethylene does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
-------
Te trachioroethylene
page 4 of 5
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Tetrachioroethyl-
ene you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Tetrachioroethylene must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS,
such as CHLORINE, BROMINE, and CHLORINE
DIOXIDE; CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS, such
as BARIUM, LIThIUM, and BERYLLIUM; and
NITRIC ACID, since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood— of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents’
A: Yes. Exposures in the community,
cept possibly in cases of fires
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than pe”-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be s.
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone do not cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Aren’t pregnant women at the greatest
risk from reproductive hazards?
A: Not necessarily. Pregnant women are
at greatest risk from chemicals which
harm the developing fetus. However,
chemicals may affect the ability to
have children, so both men and women
of child-bearing age are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
‘ommon Name: TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
OT Number: UN 1897
DOT Emergency Guide code: 74
CAS Number: 127-18-4
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
I NJ DOH Hazard rating
I
IFLAMMABIT ITY 0
I
IREACTIVITY I 0
I
I*CARCINOCEN
I
I LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE
IPOISONOUS GASES PRODUCED IN FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: O..minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Tetrachioroethylene is a non-combus-
tible liquid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Tetra-
chloroethylene itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride and Phos-
gene.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Tetrachloroethylene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Tetrachloroethylene as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironmental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 14 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COl’IIWNLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethene, Tetrachloro-
Other Names: Perchioroethylene; PERC;
Ethylene Tetrachloride
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Thiourea
Chemical Abstract Service * 62-56—6
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know 1 ct of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive maimer. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
THIOTJREA
62-56-6
UN 2877
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Thiourea can affect you when breathed
in.
* Thiourea is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE WITh
EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure may damage the bone marrow,
causing reduced red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets.
* Repeated exposure can cause goiter
(enlarged thyroid gland).
* A related chemical (Naphehyithiourea)
in higher exposures can cause fluid in
the lungs, a medical emergency. It is
not known if Thiourea has this effect.
IDENTIFICATION
Thiourea is a colorless, lustrous crys-
talline (sand-like) material with a bit-
ter taste. It is used in photography,
pharmaceutical and pesticide manufacture
and in textile chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Thiourea is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by DOT, NTP,
DEP and CAG.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Thiourea. This does not
mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be fol-
lowed.
* Thiourea is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be xi safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Thiourea is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Thiourea and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Thiourea to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Content, prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
Nsw Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1853
-------
ThIOUREA
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summpry source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
* Exposure may cause skin allergy to de-
velop, with rash. If allergy develops,
even low future exposures may cause
rash.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Thiourea causes lung damage.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Thiourea:
* High exposure to a related chemical
(Naphthylthiourea) can cause fluid to
build up in the lungs, with severe
shortness of breath, a medical emer-
gency. It is not known whether
Thiourea has this effect.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Thiourea and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Thiourea is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. It has been shown to cause
thyroid, liver and other cancers in an-
imals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Thiourea has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect re-
production.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure can damage the bone marrow
causing r duced red blood cells
( n ui1a), white cells (with reduced
ability to fight infections) and/or re-
duced platelets (reduced blood clot-
ting, bruising).
* Repeated exposure can cause goiter (an
enlarged thyroid gland in the neck) and
causes reduced thyroid hormone.
MEDICAL TESTING
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
* Lung function tests.
* Complete blood count.
* Consider thyroid test for thyroxin.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
-------
ThIOUREA
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Thiourea from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Thiourea should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Thiourea.
* On skin contact with Thiourea, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Thiourea, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Thi-
ourea is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
page 3 of 5
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Thiourea. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Thiourea
does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
-------
ThIOUREA page 4 of 5
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical urocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
INJ DOR Hazard rating
I
IFIA ABILITY
INot
Found
IREACTIVITY INot Found I
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 . water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS CASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur
Oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
If Thiourea is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Thiourea as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
Water Solubi].ity: Soluble
OTHER NAMES AND FORMULATIONS
2 -Thiourea; Thiocarbamade
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior
should
handling
* Thiourea
tact with
OXIDE and
to working with Thiourea you
be trained on its proper
and storage.
must be stored to avoid con-
ACRYLALDEHYDE, HYDROGEN PER-
NITRIC ACID since violent re-
actions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
THIOUREA
UN 2877
Guide code: 53
62-56-6
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmentai Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
To luene
Chemical Abstract Service It 108—88—3 -
A MESSAGE FROM ThE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
RTK Substance number:
Date: 11/3/86
HAZARD SU ARY
* To].uene can affect you when breathed in
and by passing through your skin.
* Toluene may cause mutations. Handle
with extreme caution.
* It may damage the developing fetus.
* Toluene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a
FIRE HAZARD.
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat,
and eyes. Higher levels can cause you
to feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass
out. Death can occur.
* Repeated exposures can damage bone mar-
row causing low blood cell count. It
can also damage the liver and kidneys.
* Toluene can cause slowed reflexes,
trouble concentrating, and headaches.
* Prolonged contact can cause a skin
rash.
IDENTIFICATION
Toluene is a colorless liquid with a sweet
pungent odor. It is used as a solvent and
in aviation gasoline, making other
chemicals, perfumes, medicines, dyes,
explosives, and detergents.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Toluene is on the Workplace Substance
List because it is regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA
and ocher authorities.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLAIO(ABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 2.9 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 200 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour workshift
and 300 ppm, not to be exceeded
during any 15 minute work period
and a maximum peak concentration
of 500 ppm.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 200 ppm, not
to be exceeded during any 10 min-
ute work period.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only .
* Toluene may cause mutations. All con-
tact with this chemical should be re-
duced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Toluene and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Toluene to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
TOLUENE
108-88-3 1866
UN 1294
-------
TOLUENE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all notential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Toluene:
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat,
and eyes. Higher levels can cause you
to feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass
out. Death can occur.
* Lower levels may cause trouble concen-
trating, headaches, and slowed re-
flexes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Toluane and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* Toluene may cause mutations (genetic
changes) in living cells. Whether or
not it poses a cancer hazard needs fur-
ther study.
Reproductive Hazard
* To].uene may damage the developing fe-
tus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may damage bone mar-
row, causing low blood cell count.
* Prolonged contact can cause drying and
cracking of the skin, and a rash.
* Repeated Toluene exposure can cause
headaches, loss of appetite, nausea,
and liver and kidney damage, and may
cause brain damage.
MEDICAL TESTING
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
is recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Urinary Hippuric acid excretion (at the
end of shift) as an index of overexpo-
sure.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system.
* Liver and kidney function tests, and
evaluation for renal tubular acidosis.
* Complete blood count.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are n a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Toluene from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
* Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Toluene #73-
11023.
-------
TOLUENK
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Toluene should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Toluene.
* On skin contact with Tóluene, immedi--
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Toluene, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Tol-
uene is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETIER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Toluene. Wear
solvent-resistant gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/inanufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing mater-
ial for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends VITON and Fluorene/
Chloroprene as protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
-quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 100 ppm, use an MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Toluene, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilcers,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 2,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 2,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Toluene you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Toluene must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) since
violent reactions occur.
-------
TOLUENE
page 4 of 5
* Protect storage containers from physi-
cal dsimRge.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Toluene is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Toluene should
be grounded and bonded. Drums must be
equipped with self-closing valves,
pressure vacuum lurijs, and flame --arres-
ters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Toluene.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-.
fect the ability to have children, so
• both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
Common Name: TOLUENE
DOT Number: UN 1294
DOT Emergency Guide code: 27
CAS Number: 108-88-3
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
INJ DOH Hazard ratina
IFLAIOfABILITY
I
3
IREACTIVITY
I
0
IFLAMMABLE LIQUID
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
FIRE
IN FIRE
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire
department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 22 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 40°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Eenzene, Methyl
Other Names and Formulations: Phe-
nylmethane; Toluol; Methylbenzene
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Toluene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* POISONOUS GAS ES PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* If employees are
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Toluene is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep To].uene out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Toluene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
Not intended to be copied
commercial purposes.
and sold for
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Toluene-2 , 4-diisocyanate
Chemical Abstract Service t 584—84—9
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requireé the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are apout workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: TOLUENE—2 , 4-
DIISOCYANATE
RTK Substance number: 1869
Date: 9/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* To].uene-24-Diiaocyanate can affect you
when breathed in.
* To].uene-24-Diisocyanate is a CAR-
CINOGEN- -HANDLE WITh EXTREME CAUTION.
* Contact can burn the eyes.
* The vapor can irritate the eyes, nose
and throat and cause cough, chest
tightness and shortness of breath.
Higher levels can cause a build-up of
fluid in the lungs. This can cause
death.
* Exposure can cause lung allergy (asth-
ma); then very low future exposures can
trigger shortness of breath.
* One high or repeated low exposures can
cause permanent lung damage.
IDENTIFICATION
Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate is a colorless to
pale yellow liquid with a strong fruity
odor. It is used to make many polyur-
ethane foams, elastomers and coatings.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate is on the Haz-
ardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH,
DOT, NIOSH, NTP, DEP, NFPA and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.17 ppm.
* This odor threshold is considerably
higher than the Exposure limits and
should not be used as a warning pro-
perty.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 0.02 ppm,
not to be exceeded at any time.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.005 ppm averaged over
a 10-hour workshift and 0.02 ppm,
not to be exceeded during any 20
minute work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 0.005 ppm averaged over
an 8-hour workshift and 0.02 ppm
as a STEL (short term exposure
limit).
* Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate is a PROBABLE
CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be x
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen,
so all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Tolluene-2 , 4-Diisocya-
nate is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Toluene-2 , 4-Diisocyanate to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Nsw Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
584-84-9
UN 2078
-------
TOLUENE-2,4-DIISOCYANATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all i,otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Toluene-2,4-Diiso-
cyanate:
* Eye contact causes severe burning and
redness. Prolonged contact or high va-
por levels could cause eye damage.
* The vapor irritates the eyes, nose and
throat and can cause headaches. Chest
tightness, cough and shortness of
breath may occur, sometimes delayed for
hours. Leave the area if any of these
symptoms are noted. Higher levels can
cause a feeling of drunkeness, passing
out and/or a build-up of fluid in the
lungs (pulmonary edema). This can
cause death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Toluene -24-Diisocyanate is a PROBABLE
CARCINOGEN in humans. It has been shown
to cause pancreas, liver and breast
cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that exposure
to Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate may cause
temporary impotence in males.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure to levels too low to
cause irritation can cause gradual but
permanent loss of lung function.
* Overexposure can cause lung allergy
(asthma), with wheezing, cough, tight-
ness in the chest and shortness of
breath. Once allergy develops, even
very low future exposures can cause
symptoms and more loss of lung func-
tion.
* Overexposed persons may suffer poor
memory and/or concentration after expo-
sure stops; it is not known whether ef-
fects are permanent.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
* Lung function tests. These may be nor-
mal at first if person is not having an
attack at the time of test
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose al-
lergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure. Request copies of
your medical testing. You have a legal
right to this information under OSHA
1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Persons already allergic to Toluene-2,4-
Diisocyanate or other Isocyanate chemicals
can have symptoms with extremely low lev-
els of exposure, sometimes too low to be
detected by usualy means of measurements.
-------
TOLUENE-2, 4-DIISOCYANATE
page 3 of 5
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Automatically pump liquid Toluene-2 4-
Diisocyanate from drums or other stor-
age containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Toluene Diiso-
cyanate #73 -11022.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Toluene-2, 4-Diisocyanate
should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Toluene-2 , 4-Diisocyanate.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with Toluene-2,4-Diiso-
cyanate, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted Toluene-2 ,4-Di-
isocyanate, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Tol-
uene-2,4-Diisocyanate is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Toluene-2,4-Di-
isocyanate. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends Butyl rubber and AIHA
recommends Butyl Nitrile or natural
rubber as protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 0.005 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
-------
TOLUENE-2 , 4-DIISOCYANATE
page 4 of 5
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a I1SHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 10 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 10 ppm ex-
ists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Toluene-2,4-
Diisocyanate you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where To].uene-2 , 4-Diisocya-
natae is handled, used, or stored.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
AMINES, STRONG BASES (such as SODIUM
HYDROXIDE) and ALCOHOLS.
* Toluana-2,4-Diisocyanate should not be
stored in contact with WATER, because
they react and release CO 2 gas.
* Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate will polymer-
ize and rupture containers at tempera-
tures over 350°F.
* At normal temperatures (70°F) Toluene-
2,4-Diisocyanate levels quickly exceed
the PEL and therefore proper ventila-
tion must be in practice or personal
protective equipment must be worn.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community way be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
damage sperm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
Common Name: TOLUENE-2,4—DIISOCYANATE
DOT Number: UN 2078
DOT Emergency Guide code: 57
CAS Number: 584-84-9
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard rating I
FLAMMABILITY I 1
JREACTIVITY I 1
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
I CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical. or CO 2 extinguishers.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Cyanide gas and Oxides of Ni-
trogen.
* Water spray may be used to keep f ire-
exposed containers cool.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is completed by spe-
cially trained individuals.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar n terial and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate out of a
confined space, such as a sewer, be-
cause of the possibility of an explo-
sion, unless the sewer is designed to
prevent the build-up of explosive con-
centrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.04 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point: 270°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble/Reactive
OTHER CO!Th!ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzene, 2 ,4-Diisocyanato-l-Methy].-
Other Names and Formulations: TDI;
2 ,4-Diisocyanatotoluene Isocyanic Acid,
Methyiphenylene Ester; 4-Methyl Phenylene
Diisocyanate; 2 ,4-Toluene Diisocyanate.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Q-Toluidine
Chemical Abstract Service t 95—53—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires tile Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
0-TO Lt7IDINE
95-53-4
UN 1708
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* o-Tol .uidine can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* o-Toluidine is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE
WITH EXTREZ4E CAUTION.
* It may d m*ge the kidneys or bladder,
causing bloody urine.
* High exposure can lower the ability of
the blood to carry oxygen, causing blu-
ish skin or lips, dizziness, headaches,
collapse and even death.
* Contact can cause severe eye burns.
* Repeated skin contact can cause crack-
ing and drying of the skin.
IDENTIFICATION
o-Toluidine is a colorless to. pale yellow
liquid with a weak, pleasant odor. It is
used in making dyes, other chemicals and
in medical testing.
REASON FOR CITATION
* o-To luidine is on
Substance List because
by OSHA and cited by
and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CANCER- CAUSING AGENT and a NUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.25 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being
exposed.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 2 ppm averaged over an
8-hour worlcshift.
* o-Toluidine is a PRORABLE CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a carcino-
gen, so all contact should be reduced
to the lowest possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also
occurs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where o-Toluidine is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to o-To].uidine.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of o-
Tolizidine to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Content, prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1442
the
it is
ACCIH,
Hazardous
regulated
NTP, CAC
-------
o—TOLT3IDINE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all ootential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
Other Long-Term Effects
* o-Toluidine may damage the kidneys and
bladder, causing bloody urine.
* Skin contact with the liquid may cause
drying of the skin.
MEDICAL
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to o-Toluidine:
* Contact can severely burn the eyes.
leading to perminent danRge.
* Breathing the vapor or skin contact
with th liquid can lower the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen (a con-
dition called methemoglobinemia). This
results in bluish color to skin and
lips (cyanosis), headaches, dizziness,
collapse and death.
* The chemical can damage the kidneys and
bladder, causing bloody urine.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to o-Toluidine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* o-Toluidine is a PROBABLE CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. It has been
shown to cause bladder, liver, blood
vessel and other types of cancer in
animals. Dyestuffs workers, exposed to
o-Toluidine and other chemicals, have
an excess of bladder cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, o-Toluidine has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following is recom-
mended:
* Urine exam for blood and abnormal cells
(urine cytology).
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Methemoglobin level every 3 to 6 hours
for 18 to 24 hours. Examine urine for
blood.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORICPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENCI-
NEF.RING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
0—TOLUIDINE
page 3 of 5
In addition, the following control is rec-
ouunended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid o-Toluidine from drums, or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by o-Toluidine should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
o-Toluidine.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* On skin contact with o-Toluidine, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted o-Toluidine at the end
of each workday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where o-
Toluidine is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with o-Toluidine.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
onimended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 100 ppm is immediately dan-
gerous to life and health. If the pos-
sibility of exposures above 100 ppm ex-
ists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with o-Toluidine you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where o-Toluidine is handled,
used, or stored.
* o-Toluidine must be stored to avoid
contact with STRONG OXIDIZERS, (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE, and FLUORINE) be-
cause violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where o-Tol-
uidine is used, handled, or stored in a
manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
-------
0—TOLUIDINE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other tihysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space ” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
o-TOLUIDINE
UN 1708
Guide code: 55
95- 53-4
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
I
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFLA MM ABILITY
I
2
IREACTIVITY
I
0
I COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORt fATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water. Continue without stopping for
at least 30 minutes, occasionally lift-
ing upper and lower lids. Seek medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek medi-
cal attention immediately.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: Less then 1 mm Hg at
68°F
Flash Point: 185°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: 2 -Methylbenzenamine
Other Names and Formulations: o-
Aminotoluene; 2-Methyl -1- aminobenzene; 2-
Methylaniline
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* o-Toluidine is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If o-Toluidine is spilled or leaked, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of o-To].uidine as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
Chemical Abstract Service t 120—82—1
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name: 1,2, 4—TRICHLOROBENZENE
RTK Substance number: 1887
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1, 2,4-Trichlorobenzene can affect you
when breathed in and by passing through
your skin.
* 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene may damage the
developing fetus.
* Exposure may damage the liver and kid-
neys.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
Prolonged contact may cause skin burns.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and
throat.
IDENTIFICATION
12 ,4-Trichlorobenzena is a colorless
liquid with a pleasant odor. It is used
in heat transfer fluids, as a dielectric
fluid and in making chemicals, insecti-
cides and fungicides.
REASON FOR CITATION
* l,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is on the
Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by ACGIH, DOT, DEP and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 1.4 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm, which should not
be exceeded at any time.
* The above exposure limit is for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limit listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 1,2,4-Trf.chlorobenzene and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
GAS Number:
DOT Number:
120-82-1
UN 2321
-------
1,2, 4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
page 2 of 4
This Fact Sheet is a smmn ry source of in-
formation of all ootential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 1, 2,4-Trichlorobenzene:
* Exposure can irritate the nose, throat
and eyes.
* Contact can irritate the skin. Pro-
longed contact may cause skin burns.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to ].,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and can
last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 12,4-Trichlorobenzene has
not been tested for its ability to
cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* l,2,4-Trichlorobenzene may damage the
developing fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposures may damage the liver
and kidneys.
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Urinary 2,5-Dichlorophenol excretion
test.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid l,24-Trichlorobenzene from drums
or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORI PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene.
* On skin contact with 1,2,4-Trichloro-
benzene, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted l,2,4-Trichlo-
robenzene, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
-------
1,2, 4-TRIGHLOROBENZENE
page 3 of 4
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2,
4-Trichlorobenzene is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with l,2,4-Trichlo-
robenzene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - -
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined svace” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFLAIIM&B1LITY
I
1
IREACTIVI T I
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN
0
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
page 4 of 4
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N << <<<<<<<<<<<<<
* l,24-Trichlorobenzene must be stored
to avoid contact with OXIDIZERS (such
as PERCHI.ORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGA-
NATES, CHLORATES and NITRATES) since
violent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
I and open flames, are prohibited where
I 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is used, han-
I dled, or stored in a manner that could
I create a potential fire or explosion
hazard.
FIRST AID
* 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is a COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Chlorides.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* Water may be used to blanket the fire.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If l,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg at 101°F
Flash Point: 222°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzene, 1,2 ,4-Trichloro-
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E H E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
1,2, 4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
UN 2321
Guide code: 54
120-82-1
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1,1, 1—Trichloroethane
(Methyl Chloroform)
Chemical Abstract Service t 71-55—6
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic.chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
} THYL HLOROFORI4
71- 55-6
UN 2831
RTIC Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD StTh RY
* Methyl Chloroform can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* It may cause mutations. Handle with ex-
treme caution.
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy
and lightheaded. Higher levels can
cause unconsciousness, irregular heart-
beat and death.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
* Prolonged contact can cause thickening
and cracking of the skin.
IDENTIFICATION
Methyl Chloroform is a colorless liquid
with a chloroform-like odor. It is used
as a cleaning solvent.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Methyl Chloroform is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, NIOSH and
NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
* ODOR TI ESHOLD — 120 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 350 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 350 ppm, not to be ex-
ceeded during any 15 minute work
period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 350 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 450 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only .
* Methyl Chloroform may cause mutations.
All contact with this chemical should
be reduced to the lowest possible
level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Methyl Chloroform and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Methyl
Chloroform to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1237
-------
METHYL CHLOROFORM
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary Source- of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Methyl Chloroform:
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy
and lightheaded. Higher levels can
cause unconsciousness, irregular heart-
beat and death.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Methyl Chloroform and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Methyl Chloroform may cause mutations
(genetic changes) in living cells.
Whether or not it poses a cancer or re-
productive hazard needs further study.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Methyl Chloroform has been
tested and has not been shown to ad-
versely affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High exposures may damage the liver and
kidneys.
* Prolonged contact can cause thickening
and cracking of the skin.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
* Persons- with heart disease may be at an
increased risk of irregular heartbeat
from very high exposures.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Methyl Chloroform from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
1,1 , I -Trichloroeehane #76-184.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Methyl Chloroform should
change into clean clothing promptly.
-------
METHYL CHLOROFORM
page 3 of 5
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Methyl Chloroform.
* On skin contact with Methyl Chloroform,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Methyl Chloroform,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
Methyl Chloroform is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
* Do not smoke in the work area. Even a
little vapor inhaled through a burning
cigarette, cigar, or pipe will be con-
verted into more highly toxic sub-
stances.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Chloro-
form. Wear solvent-resistant gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppli-
ers/manufacturers can provide recommen-
dations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* Avoid skin contact with Methyl Chloro-
form. Wear acid-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* ACGIH recommends Polyvinyl Alcohol,
Neoprene or Leather as good to excel-
lent protective materials.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF R.ESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 350 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 1,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 1,000
ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Methyl Chloroform
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Methyl Chloroform must be stored to
avoid contact with STRONG CAUSTICS,
(such as SODIUM and POTASSIUM HYDROX-
IDE); ACETONE; STRONG OXIDIZERS, (such
as CHLORINE, CHLORINE DIOXIDE and BRO-
MINE) and CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS,
(such as POTASSIUM, ALUMINUM, ZINC and
MAGNESIUM) since violent reactions oc-
cur.
* Do not allow vapor near sources of ul-
traviolet light (such as arc welding)
because poisonous gases may be pro-
duced.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and MOISTURE. DO NOT USE ALUMINUM
CONTAINERS.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
-------
METHYL CHLOROFORM page 4 of 5
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other i hysical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined snace” exDo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
METHYL CHLOROFORM
UN 2831
Guide code: 74
71-55-6
FIRE HAZARDS
FIRST AID
POISON INFOPJIATION
PHYSICAL DATA
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
VG;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C Y
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR
LARGE
SPILLS AND
FIRES immediately
call
your
fire department.
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
IFLA}D(ABILITY
Not
Found
IRKACTIVITY
Not
Found
POISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4 —severe
* Methyl Chloroform is a non-combustible
liquid.
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable
for type of surrounding fire. Methyl
Chloroform itself does not burn.
* Water can be used to keep fire-exposed
containers cool.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
If Methyl Chloroform is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Methyl Chloroform as a HAZAR-
DOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironniental Program for specific
recommendations.
Vapor Pressure: 100 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Soltthility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name: Ethane, 1,1, l-Trichloro-
Other Names and Formulations:
Chiorothene NU; Chlorothene
Methyltrichloromethane
Not Intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Trich loroethy lene
Chemical Abstract Service t 79—01—6
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
TRIOROETHYLENE
79-01-6
UN 1710
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Trichloroethylena can affect you when
breathed in.
* It should be handled as a CARCINOGEN - -
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy
and to pass out.
* Exposure can cause an irregular heart-
beat leading to sudden death.
* High levels may cause brain damage and
death. Repeated exposure can cause fa-
tigue, memory loss, headache, ir rita-
bility, mental confusion, and depres-
sion.
* I can damage the liver and kidneys.
High exposures can irritate the lungs.
* Prolonged contact can burn the skin.
IDENTIFICATION
Trichioroethylene is a colorless liquid
with a sweet odor. It is used as a sol-
vent for degreasing and dry cleaning, and
in printing inks, paints, lacquers, var-
nishes, and adhesives.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Trich].oroethylene is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACCIR, NIOSH, DOT,
IARC, CAC and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CANCER-CAUSING AGENT and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD 28 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 100 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift, 200 ppm as a ceiling lim-
it, and 300 ppm as an acceptable
maximum peak above the ceiling
limit for 5 minutes duration in
any 2 hours.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 25 ppm averaged over a
10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 50 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 200 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* Trichloroethylene may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans. There may be safe level
of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Trichloroethylene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Trichloroethylene to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
New Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1890
-------
TRICHLOROETRYLENE
page 2 of 6
This Fact Sheet is a stmvm ry source of in-
formation of all Dotentia] . and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Trichioroethylene:
* Trichioroethylane may irritate the
skin, causing a rash or a burning feel-
ing. Prolonged contact can burn and
blister the skin.
* The liquid may damage and irritate the
eyes.
* Exposure to the vapor can irritate the
eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Higher
levels can cause a build-up of fluid
(pulmonary edema). This can cause
death.
* Exposure can cause lightheadedness,
dizziness, visual disturbances, an ex-
cited feeling, nausea and vomiting.
Very high levels can cause irregular
heartbeat, unconsciousness, and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Trichioroethylene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Trichioroethylene may be a CARCINOGEN
in humans since it has been shown to
cause liver cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* There appears to be an association be-
tween exposure to various solvents (in-
cluding Trichioroethylene and Toluerze)
and birth defects among women in the
shoe -making industry. Trichloroethy-
lane’s role in this association is un-
clear.
* There is limited evidence that Tn-
chioroethylene is a teratogen in ani-
mals. Until further testing has been
done, it should be treated as a pos-
sible teratogen in humans.
Other Long—Term Effects
* Tnich].oroathy].ene may cause a skin al-
lergy. If an allergy develops, very
low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash.
* It can damage the liver and kidneys.
* Repeated exposure can cause memory
loss, headache, intolerance of alcohol,
depression, and weakness in the arms
and legs.
* Prolonged or repeated contact can cause
irritation, blistering, roughening, and
cracking of the exposed skin. Repeated
immersion of the hands in Trichloroeth-
ylene may cause paralysis of the fin-
gers.
* Exposure can damage the facial nerves
even causing paralysis.
MEDI CAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Liver function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system. Consider
nerve conduction tests.
* Urinary Trichloracet.Lc Acid level (for
repeated exposures) or blood Trichior-
ethylene levels (for acute exposure).
* Consider chest x-ray after acute over-
exposure.
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
-------
TRICHLOROEThYLENE
page 3 of 6
Mixed Exposures
* Drinking alcohol (beer, wine, liquor)
may cause a flush on the back and neck
in people exposed to Trichioroethylene.
* Because more than light alcohol
consumption can cause liver damage,
drinking alcohol can increase the liver
damage caused by Trichloroethylene.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
reconunended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Trichloroethyl.ene from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Trichioroeth-
ylene 73 -11025.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Trichloroethylene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Trichloroethylene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Tn-
chioroethylene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking. -
* Do not smoke in the work area. Even a
little vapor inhaled through a burning
cigarette, cigar, or pipe will be con-
verted into more highly toxic sub-
stances.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Trichloroeth-
ylene. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* ACGIH recommends VITON for providing
excellent protection.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
-------
TRICHLOROETRYLENE
page 4 of 6
* At any exposure level use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 1,000 ppm is immediately
dangerous to life and health. If the
possibility of exposures above 1,000
ppm exists use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in continuous
flow or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Trichioroethylene
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Trichioroethylene must be handled and
stored away from operations which gen-
erate HIGH TEMPERATURES, such as ARC
WELDING or CUTTING; UNSHIELDED RESIS-
TANCE HEATING; OPEN FLAMES; and HIGH
INTENSITY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT.
* It must also be handled to avoid con-
tact with HOT METALS. Poisonous gases
such as PHOSCENE, and HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
are formed.
* Prevent contact of Trichioroethylene
with STRONG ALKALIS, such as SODIUM HY-
DROXIDE or POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, because
a highly flwnniable, toxic liquid is
produced. Also prevent contact with
ALUMINUM in the presence of DILUTE WI-
DROCHLORIC ACID, because a violent re-
action will occur.
* Prevent contact with CHEMICALLY ACTIVE
METALS, POWDERS, or SHAVINGS, such as
BARIUM, LITHIUM, SODIUM, or MAGNESIUM;
and TITANIUM POWDERS or SHAVINGS, since
an explosion can occur.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes;’because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsica1 and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined snace” exio-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
-------
TRICHLOROETHTLENE page 5 of 6
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of child-bearing
age are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
INJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY
1
REACTIVITY
I
0
POISONOUS CASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN A FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN FIRE
Hazard Racing Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Phosgene and Hydrogen Chlo-
ride.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* Water can be used to iceep fire-exposed
containers cool. Water spray can also
be used to flush spills away from expo-
sure sources.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Trichioroethylene is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Trichioroethylene as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
page 6 of 6
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<(<<<<<<<<<
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Page 4)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORflATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. Seek med-
ical attention immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
* Medical observation is recommended for
24 to 48 hours after breathing overex-
posure, as pulmonary edema may be de-
layed.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 58 mm Hg at 68°F
Water Solubi].ity: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Trichioroethene
Other Names and Formulations:
1, 1,2-Trichioroethylene; Tri-clene;
TCE
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CM 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
UN 1710
Guide code: 74
79-01-6
Tn;
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
2,4, 6—Trichlorophenol
Chemical Abstract Service 1 88-06-2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than comiuunity
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
2,4, 6-TRIcHLOROPHENOL
RTK Substance number:
Date: 6/13/88
HAZARD SUNMARY
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol can affect you
when breathed in.
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol. can irritate the
eyes, nose, throat and skin.
* Exposure to high levels can cause
weakness, difficulty breathing tremors
(shakes), convulsions (fits) coma and
death.
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol may be contami-
nated with 2,3,7, 8-Tetrachlorodjbenzo-
p-dioxin. CONSULT THE NJDOH HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE FACr SHEET FOR 2,3,7,8-TETRA-
CHWRODIBENZO-P-DIOIIN.
IDENTIFICATION
2,4,6-Trichioropheno]. is a colorless to
yellow solid with a strong odor. It is
used as a wood and glue preservative, in-
secticide ingredient, bacteriocide and for
anti -mildew treatment.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol is on the Haz-
ardous Substance List because it is
cited by DOT, IARC, NTP, CAG and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WOREPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for 2,4, 6-Trich].orophenol.
This does not mean that this substance is
not harmful. Safe work practices should
always be followed.
* 2,4,6-Trichloropheno]. is a PROBABLE
CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be n
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen,
so all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol
is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of 2,4,6-
Trichloropheno]. to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jerisy Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
- l894
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
88-06-2
NA 2020
-------
2,4,6 - TRICHLOROPRENOL
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
liver damage and nervous system damage
with symptoms of weakness, pain in the
legs and numbness may occur. CONSULT
THE NJDOH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT
SHEET FOR 2,3, 7,8-TETRACHLOR.ODIBENZO-P-
DIOXIN.
MEDICAL TESTING
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to 24,6-Trichiorophenol:
* Exposure to high levels can cause weak-
ness difficulty in breathing, tremors
(shakes), convulsions (fits) coma and
death.
* Exposure to 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol can
irritate the eyes, nose, throat and
skin.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to 24 ,6-Trichiorophenol and can last
for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol. is a PROBABLE
CARCINOGEN in humans. It has been
shown to cause leukemia and liver
cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol. has
not been tested for its ability to
affect reproduction adversly.
Other Long—Term Effects
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol has not been
tested for other chronic (long- terni)
health effects. However a related
chemical, Phenol, can cause liver and
kidney damage.
* If 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol is contami-
nated with 2,3; 7,8 -Tetrachlorodjbenzo-
paradioxin, an acne-like skin rash,
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, transfer 2,4,6-
Trichlorophenol from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
-------
2 ,4,6 -TRICHLOROPHENOL
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by 2,4,6-Trich].orophenol. should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
2,4, 6-Trichiorophenol.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with 2,4,6-Trichioro-
phenol, immediately wash or shover to
remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted 2,4,6-Tn-
chiorophenol, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where
2,4,6-Trichiorophenol is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2,4,6-
Trichlorophenol. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your opera-
tion.
page 3 of 5
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to 2,4,6-
Tnichiorophanol does not occur.
* At a exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
-------
24,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL page 4 of 5
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust reLeasing oDera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhvsical and me-
chanical Drocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace” exDo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usuaiiy much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
2,4, 6-TRIcHLOROPHENOL
N& 2020
Guide code: 53
88-06-2
—I
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure:
(76.6°C)
Water Solubility:
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
Chemical Name:
Phenol, 2,4, 6-Trichioro-
Other Names and Formulations:
TCP; 2,4,6-T; Omal; Phenachlor
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2,4,6-Trichioro-
phenol you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
--....-- .-- -L- .-----..-
I
I
- -I--
1 I
NJ DOll M ,nrr 1 r r ria-
I FLANMABTTT’T’V
I REACTIVITY
I CARCINOGEN
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED TN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol may burn, but
does not readily ignite.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Diox-
ide, Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is spilled, take
the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state En-
vironmental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
* 2,4,6-Trichiorophenol is not compatible
with ACID CHLORIDES, ACID ANHYDRIDES,
and STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE,
BROMINE and FLUORINE).
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where 2,4,6 -Trichiorophenol
is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with
large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
1 mm Hg at 170°F
Slightly soluble
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Off Ice of Toxic Substances
Trifluralin
Chemical Abstract Service * 1582-09-8
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requireS the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work--such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
TRIFLURALIN
Number:
DOT Number:
1582 -09-8
TiN 2588
RTK Substance number:
Date: 6/13/88
1918
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Trifluralin can affect you when
breathed in and by passing through your
skin.
* Triflural.in may cause mutations. Handle
with extreme caution.
* Exposure may irritate the nose, throat
and bronchial tubes.
* Eye or skin contact may cause irrita-
tion.
* Skin contact can cause rash from irri-
tation or a rash that is made worse by
sunlight exposure or contaminated skin.
* High or repeated overexposure may af-
fect the liver and kidneys and/or cause
anemia.
IDENTIFICATION
Trifluralin is a yellow to yellow-orange,
crystalline (sugar or sand-like) material.
It is used to control grasses and weeds.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Trifluralin is on the Hazardous Sub-
stance List because it is cited by DEP
DOT and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Trifluralin. This does
not mean that this substance is not harm-
ful. Safe work practices should always be
followed.
It should be recognized that Trifluralin
can be absorbed through your skin, thereby
increasing your exposure.
* Trifluralin may cause mutations. All
contact with this chemical should be
reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Trifluralin and at the end of
the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Tn-
fluralin to potentially exposed work-
ers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
TRIFLURALIN
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all Dotentia] , and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Trifluralin:
* Breathing Trifl.ura].in may irritate the
nose, throat and bronchial tubes, pos-
sibly causing cough, phlegm and/or
tightness in the chest.
* Eye contact may cause irritation.
* Skin contact, especially if prolonged
or repeated, may cause rash from irri-
tation effects. Another type of rash
may also occur if the contaminated skin
area is exposed to sunlight. This is
also called “photodermatitis”.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-terni) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Trif] .uralin and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Trifluralin may cause mutations
(genetic changes) in living cells.
Whether or not it poses a cancer or re-
productive hazard needs further study.
and in fact there is limited evidence
that Trifluralin causes cancer in ani-
mals. It may cause cancer of the lung.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that
Trifluralin may damage the developing
fetus.
Other Long-Term Effects
* High or repeated overexposure may af-
fect the kidneys and liver and/or cause
anemia.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Kidney and liver function tests.
* Red blood cell count or hemoglobin!
hematocrit.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Exposure to sunlight on skin areas contam-
inated with Trifluralin can cause a rash.
WORICPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, transfer Trifluralin
from drums or other storage containers
to process containers.
-------
TRIFLURALIN
page 3 of 5
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Trifluralin should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Trifluralin.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Trifluralin, inune-
diately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Trifluralin, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Tn-
fluralin is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER ThAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uat ion.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Tnifluralin.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufact -
urers can provide recommendations on
the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
* The Farm Chemicals handbook recommends
Neoprene as a protective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield
when working with powders or dust, un-
less full facepiece respiratory protec-
tion is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Trifluralin
does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures to Tniflura] .in, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved full facepiece respirator with
a high efficiency particulate filter.
Increased protection is obtained from
powered-air purifying respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Trifluralin,
or in the case of a full facepiece res-
pirator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a ful-1 facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
-------
TRIFLURALIN
page 4 of 5
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the .length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasina opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other tthvsica]. and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined svace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer- -—
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
(FLAMMABILITY
I
0
IREACTIVITY
I
0
I
IPOISONOUS GAS
I
IS
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Trifluralin may burn, but does not
readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Trifluralin is spilled, take the fol-
lowing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Trifluralin as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubi].ity: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO!*!ONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzenamine, 2,6-Dinitro-N,N-Dipropyl-4-
(Trifluoromethyl) -
Other Names and Formulations:
Axreflan; Elancolan; Treflam; Trim
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Trifluralin you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* Store Trifluralin at temperatures above
40°F (4.4°C).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
TRIFLURALIN
UN 2588
Guide code: 53
1582-09-8
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
1,2 ,4-Trimethylbenzene
Chemical Abstract Service II 95-63-6
(see attached fact sheet Trimethyl Benzene, C.A.S. * 25551-13-7)
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops-—are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
TRIMETHYL BENZ ENE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
25551- 13 -7
UN 2325
RTK Substance number: 1929
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SU *1ARY
* Triinethyl Benzene can affect you when
breathed in.
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded, and to pass out.
* Repeated exposures can cause headaches,
tiredness, and a feeling of nervous
tension.
* Trimethyl Benzene can affect the blood
cells and the blood’s clotting ability.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
* Exposure can cause bronchitis with
cough and shortness of breath.
I ENTIPICATION
Triinethyl 3enzene is a colorless liquid
with a peculiar odor. It is used in mak-
ing chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Triinethyl Benzena is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
ACGIH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.55 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 25 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Trimethy]. Benzene and at the
end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information o
the health and safety hazards of Tn-
methyl Benzene to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Depaitmont of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
TRINETHYL BENZENE
page 2 of 5
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Trimethyl Benzene:
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded and to pass out.
* Repeated exposure can cause you to have
a headache, to feel nervous and tense,
and to feel tired and sleepy.
* Trimethyl Benzene can cause bronchitis,
with cough and shortness of breath.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Trimethy]. Benzene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Trimethyl Benzene has not
been tested for its ability to cause
cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Trimethyl Benzene has not
been tested for its ability to adverse-
ly affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Exposure can cause changes in blood
cells and affect the blood’s clotting
ability.
* Trimethy]. Benzene may affect the liver.
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Trimathyl Benzene causes lung damage.
* Lung function tests.
* Complete blood count
count.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace, and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
This Fact Sheet is a snmm ry source of
information for workers, employers, and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with-- the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular
times after that, the following are recom-
mended:
and platelet
-------
TRINETHYL BENZENE
page 3 of 5
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Trimethyl Benzena from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
- Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Trimethyl Benzene should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* On skin contact with Trf:methyl Benzene,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted Trf.methyl. Benzene,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Tn-
methyl Benzene is handled, processed,
or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAl. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Tnimethyl Ben-
zene. Wear protective gloves and cloth-
ing. Safety equipment suppliers/manu-
facturers can provide recommendations
on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account workplace
conditions, requirements for worker
training, respirator fit testing, and
medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 25 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved respirator with an organic vapor
cartridge/canister. More protection is
provided by a full facepiece respirator
than by a half-mask respirator, and
even greater protection is provided by
a powered-air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Trimethyl
Benzene, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
-------
TRIXETHYL BENZENE page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur froth repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing ouera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other vhvsical and me-
chantcal processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined soace” ex o-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires .or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IFLA O(ABILITT
f
2
IREACTIVITY
I
0
ICOMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Trimethyl Benzene is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQ-
UID.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 ; or foam extin-
guishers.
* If employees
fires, they must
equipped as stated in
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Trimethy]. Benzena is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-_
pose of Trimethyl Benzene as a HAZ-
ARDOUS WASTE. Contact your Environ-
mental Program for specific recom-
mendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your local fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Trimethyl Benzene
you should be trained on its proper
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<(<<<<
* Trimethyl Benzene must be stored to
avoid contact with OXIDIZERS (such as
PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES,
CHLORATES and NITRATES), and STRONG
OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE
and FLUORINE) since violent reactions
occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
ity.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 112-120°F
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER CO!’fl’!ONLY USED NAMES
This Fact Sheet refers to any of the
following substances or combination of
substances:
1,2, 3-Trimethylbenzene
CAS # 526-73-8;
1,2, 4-Trimethylbenzene
CAS # 95-63-6;
1,3, 5-Trimethylbenzene
CAS # 108-67-8.
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
GAS Number:
TRIMETHYL BENZ ENE
UN 2325
Guide code: 26
25551-13-7
are expected to fight
be trained and
OSHA 1910.156.
(Hemimellitene)
(Pseudocumene)
(Mesitylene)
handling and storage.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Urethane (Ethyl carbamate)
Chemical Abstract Service * 51-79-6
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance number: 1986-
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Urethane can affect you when breathed
in and by passing through your skin.
* Urethane is a CARCINOGEN and may be a
TERATOGEN- -HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Very high exposures may cause you to
feel dizzy, lightheaded and to pass
out.
* Very high or repeated exposures can
damage the liver, brain and blood
forming organs.
IDENTIFICATION
Urethane is a colorless, odorless crys-
talline material or white powder. It is
used as an intermediate for pharmaceu-
ticals, pesticides and in biochemical
research and medicine.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Urethane is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by NTP, DEP,
CAG and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTAGEN and a TERATOGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WOREPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been
established for Urethane. This does not
mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be fol-
lowed.
It should be recognized that Urethane can
be absorbed through your skin, thereby
increasing your exposure.
* Urethane is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Urethane is handled,
used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Urethane and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Urethane to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: URETHANE
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
51-79-6
None
-------
URETHANE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a suinm ry source of in-
formation of all i otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning eniployiuent and at regular
times after that, for those with frequent
or potentially high exposures, the follow-
ing are recommended:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORI4AT ION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Urethane:
* Very high levels may cause you to feel
dizzy, lightheaded and to pass out.
* Exposure to very high levels can damage
the brain and liver.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Urethane and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Urethane is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in
humans. It has been shown to cause
lung, stomach and other cancers in ani-
mals.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Urethane may be a TERATOGEN in humans
since it has been shown to be a terato-
gen in animals.
r Urethane has caused CANCER in the off-
spring of animals exposed during preg-
nancy.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the blood-
forming organs (bone marrow suppres-
sion).
* Urethane can damage the liver and cen-
tral nervous system.
* Liver function tests.. _
* Complete blood count.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Exam of the nervous system.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
cohol can increase the liver damage caused
by Urethane.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
-------
URETHANE
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer
Urethane from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Urethane should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Urethane.
* On skin contact with Urethane, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remove the
chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Urethane, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Ure-
thane is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency par-
ticulate absolute (HEPA) filter should
be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Urethane. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
page 3 of 5
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work. -
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective
to ensure that exposure to Urethane
does not occur.
* At a exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Urethane you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Urethane must be stored to avoid con-
tact with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as
CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE), STRONG
ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC
and NITRIC), STRONG BASES, CAMPHOR,
MENTHOL, SALOL or THYMOL since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool, well-ventilated area.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Urethane is handled,
used, or stored.
-------
URETHANE
page 4 of 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical nrocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard ratinz
jFLANMABILITY INot Foundi
I REACTIVITY I Not Found
IPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE I
I I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Urethane is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Nitrogen Oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Urethane is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* I may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Urethane as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
URETHANE
None
Guide code: No Citation
51-79-6
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Vanadium
Chemical Abstract Service * 7440-62-2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work——such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
VANADIUM
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-62-2
None
RTK Substance number:
Date: 8/1/87
1990
HAZARD StThMARY
* Vanadium can aff ct you when breathed
in.
* Exposure may irritate the eyes, nose,
throat and air passages, with cough and
phlegm.
* Eye contact may cause irritation.
IDENTIFICATION
Vanadium is a gray or white shiny powder
or solid metal. It is used to make steel
alloys and other Vanadium compounds; in
making x-ray equipment and in making Sul-
furic Acid and synthetic rubber.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Vanadium is on the Hazardous Substance
List because it is cited by NIOSH.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
NIOS}L: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 1 mg/rn 3 averaged over a
10-hour workshift for Vanadium
metallic.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training
effort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Vanadium to potentially exposed
workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the Unfted States
New Jer..y Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
VANADIUM
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all totential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following.. acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Vanadium:
* Contact may irritate the eyes.
* Breathing Vanadium may irritate the
nose, throat and air passages, with
cough and/or phlegm.
* Exposure may cause a green coating on
the tongue.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Vanadium and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Vanadium has not been tested
for its ability to cause cancer in ani-
mals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Vanadium has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect re-
production.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Very irritating substances may affect
the lungs. It is not known whether
Vanadium causes lung damage.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following are recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Urine test for Vanadium.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
onimended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
-------
VANADIUX
page 3 of 5
Occupational Exposure to Vanadium #77-
222.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Vanadium should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Vanadium.
* Wash any areas of the body that may
have contacted Vanadium at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Vana-
dium is handled, processed, or stored,
since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or
smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Vanadium. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/clothing material for
your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working
with powders or dust, unless full face-
piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 1 mg/rn 3 , use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved respirator equipped with par-
ticulate (dust/fume/mist) filters.
More protection is provided by a full
facepiece respirator than by a half-
mask respirator, and even greater pro-
tection is provided by a powered-air
purifying respirator. Particulate fil-
ters must be checked every day before
work for physical damage, such as rips
or tears, and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Vanadium, or
in the case of a full facepiece respi-
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the area immediately. Check to
make sure the respirator-to-face seal
is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no longer good, you may need a
new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
-------
VANADIUX page 4 of 5
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust re] .easin opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other physical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: VANADIUM
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 7440-62-2
INJ DOH Hazard rating
IF A1lM BILI
TY
INot
Found I
IREACTIVIT!
INot
Found
I
IDO NOT USE
WATER
I
I
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Large pieces of Vanadium are not com-
bustible. The fine powder can burn.
* Use dry chemicals appropriate for ex-
tinguishing metal fires. DO NOT USE
WATER.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Vanadium is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources if a powder
is spilled.
* Ventilate area of spill.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Vanadium as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Vinyl acetate
Chemical Abstract Service t 108—05—4-
A MESSAGE FROM TEE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identif led in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops——are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
VINYL ACETATE
108-05-4
UN 1301
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Vinyl Acetate can affect you when
breathed in.
* Exposure can ãause irritation of the
eyes, nose and throat.
* Very high levels can cause you to feel
dizzy and lightheaded.
* Contact can irritate the eyes and skin.
Prolonged contact can blister and burn
the skin.
* Vinyl Acetate can d m ge the lungs.
* Vinyl Acetate is a FLA (ABLE and REAC-
TIVE chemical and is a FIRE and EXPLO-
SION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Vinyl Acetate is a colorless liquid with
sharp sweet odor. It is used in making
polyvinyl resins.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Vinyl Acetate is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is cited by
NIOSH, ACCIH, DOT, NFPA and other
authorities.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is
FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.50 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 4 ppm, which should not
be exceeded during any 15 minute
work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 10 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift 20 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Vinyl Acetate.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Vinyl
Acetate to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program -- - Office of Toxic Substances
1998
-------
VINYL ACETATE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of all i otential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
* Lung function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver function tests.
* Exam of the nervous system.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Vinyl Acetate:
* Exposure can cause sore throat, cough,
and irritation of the eyes and nose.
* Contact can irritate and burn the skin
with blistering.
* Very high levels can cause you to feel
dizzy and lightheaded.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Vinyl Acetate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Vinyl
Acetate causes cancer in animals. It
may cause thyroid and uterus cancer.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Vinyl Acetate has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Vinyl Acetate may cause lung damage.
* Repeated contact can cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
* Vinyl Acetate may affect the heart,
nervous system and liver.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater),
the following is recommended before be-
ginning work and at regular times after
that:
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease,
as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical
exposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
-------
VINYL ACETATE
page 3 of 5
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Vinyl. Acetate from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
commended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Occupational Exposure to Vinyl I etate
#78-205.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Vinyl Acetate should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Vinyl Acetate.
* On skin contact with Vinyl. Acetate, im-
mediately wash or shower to remove the
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Vinyl
Acetate is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Vinyl Acetate.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur-
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full facepiece respiratory pro-
tection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
INPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 4 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved full facepiece respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge/canister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powered-air purifying
respirators.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or
canister respirator, you can smell,
taste, or otherwise detect Vinyl Ace-
tate, or in the case of a full face-
piece respirator you experience eye ir-
ritation, leave the area immediately.
Check to make sure the respirator-to-
face seal is still good. If it is, re-
place the filter, cartridge, or canis-
ter. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential expo-
sures in your workplace. You may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges, or canisters to protect
against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a
mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode, or
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a
full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Vinyl Acetate you
should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
-------
VINYL ACETATE
page 4 of 5
* Vinyl. Acetate must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERNANGANATES,
CHLORATES, and NITRATES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
HEAT and DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
* Sources of ignition such as smoking and
open flames are prohibited where Vinyl
Acetate is handled, used, or stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Vinyl Acetate
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Vinyl Acetate.
* Wherever Vinyl Acetate is used, hand-
led, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasinz opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting.
dumping, etc.), other nhvsica]. and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined soace” exno-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found -in the workplace. How-
ever, people j n the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
pie usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
VINYL ACETATE
UN 130].
Guide code: 26
108-05-4
INJ DOR Hazard rating
IF L A MMABILITY
I
3
REACTIVITY
I
2
I FLAMMABLE/REACTIVE
IPOISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
ICONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Viny]. Acetate is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, CO 2 . water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Vinyl Acetate is spilled or leaked,
take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Viny]. Acetate out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Vinyl Acetate as a HAZARDOUS
WASTE. Contact your state Environ-
mental Program for specific recoin-
mendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3)
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Inunediately flush with large amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash con-
taminated skin with soap and water.
Seek medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facil-
i ty.
PHYSICAL DATA
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Acetic Acid, Ethenyl Ester
Other Names and Formulations:
Acetic Acid; Vinyl Ester
Not intended to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R H A T I 0 N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
Vapor
Flash
Water
Pressure: 100 mm Hg at 70°F
Point: 18°F
Solubility: Insoluble
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
- - - Vinyl bromide
Chemical Abstract Service * 593—60-2
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory. -
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Conunon Name: VINYL BROMIDE
CAS Number: 593-60-2 RTK Substance number:
DOT Number: UN 1085 Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Vinyl Bromide can affect you when
breathed in.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
* Exposure to very, high levels may cause
you to feel dizzy and lightheaded.
IDENTIFICATION
Vinyl Bromide is a colorless gas. It is
used as an intermediate in organic syn-
thesis and in making plastics.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Vinyl Bromide is on the
Substance List because it is
ACCIH, DOT. NIOSH and NFPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jersey Department of Heafth Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
1999
Hazardous
cited by
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
NIOSH: Recommends keeping exposure to
the lowest detectable limit.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Vinyl
Bromide to potentially exposed workers.
-------
VINYL BROMIDE
page 2 of 4
This Fact Sheet is a smI ry source of in-
formation of all potential and most severe
health hazards that may result from expo-
sure. Duration of exposure, concentration
of the substance and other factors will
affect your susceptibility to any of the
potential effects described below.
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Vinyl Bromide:
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
* Exposure to very high levels may cause
you to feel dizzy and lightheaded.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Vinyl Bromide and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is limited evidence that Vinyl
Bromide causes cancer in animals. It
may cause cancer of the liver.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently
available to the New Jersey Department
of Health, Vinyl. Bromide has not been
tested for its ability to adversely af-
fect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* No chronic (long-term) health effects
are known at this time.
MEDICAL TESTING
There is no special test for this chemi-
cal. However, if illness occurs or over-
exposure is suspected, medical attention
is recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust venttlation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is rec-
ommended:
* Before entering a confined space where
Vinyl Bromide may be present, check to
make sure that an explosive concentra-
tion does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
-------
VINYL BROMIDE
page 3 of 4
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Vinyl Bromide.
Wear protective gloves and clothing.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear gas-proof goggles, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is
worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training, respirator
fit testing and medical exams, as de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
sures over 5 ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH ap-
proved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-terni effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing opera-
tions (grinding, mixing, , blasting,
dumping, etc.), other hvsical and me-
chanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space” expo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. . Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. Rut
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
-------
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
FLAMMABILITY
0
REACTIVITY
I 1
I FLAMMABLE GAS
IPOISONOUS GAS
IS
PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Vinyl Bromide is a FLAMMABLE GAS.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , water spray, or
foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
page 4 of 4
I N F 0 R N A T I 0 N >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C I
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
VINYL BROMIDE
UN 1085
Guide code: 60
593-60-2
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Vinyl chloride
Chemical Abstract Service * 75-01—4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
RTK Substance Number: 2001
Date: 01/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Vinyl Chloride can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Vinyl Chloride is a CARCINOGEN- - HANDLE
WITh EXTREME CAUTION. It also may cause
damage to the developing fetus.
* Exposure can, cause you to feel dizzy,
lightheaded and sleepy. Higher levels
can cause you to pass out and even die.
* Repeated exposure can damage the liver,
the bones and blood vessels of the
hands, and cause skin changes.
* Vinyl Chloride may cause stomach prob-
lems, kidney damaige, skin allergy and
damage the nervous system and blood.
* It is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID or GAS
and a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD.
DENTIFICATION
Vinyl. Chloride is a colorless gas usually
handled as liquid with a faintly sweet
odor. It is used in the plastics indus-
try and to make other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Vinyl Chloride is on the Hazardous
Substance List because it is regulated
by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH,
IARC, DEP and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, NUTAGEN and is FLAIO(&BLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 3,000 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 1.0 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour workshift
and 5.0 ppm, not to be exceeded
during any 15 minute work period.
NIOSH: Lowest reliably detectable level.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5.0 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift.
* Vinyl Chloride is a CARCINOGEN in hu-
mans. There may be safe level of
exposure to a carcinogen, so all con-
tact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Vinyl Chloride is han-
dled, used, or stored.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Vinyl Chloride and at the end
of the workshift.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Vinyl
Chloride to potentially exposed work-
ers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
New Jers.y Department of Health Envtronmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
Common Name: VINYL CHLORIDE
CAS Number:
DOT Number
75-01-4
UN 1086
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of
information for workers, employers and
community residents. Health professionals
may also find it useful. If this sub-
stance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the
manufacturer-supplied Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immediately or shortly
after exposure to Vinyl Chloride:
* High exposure can cause you to feel
dizzy, lightheaded, “high” and sleepy.
Even higher levels can cause headaches,
nausea, weakness, and can cause you to
pass out and die.
* Contact can irritate the skin and eyes.
The liquid can cause frostbite.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Vinyl Chloride and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Vinyl Chloride is a CARCINOGEN in hu-
mans. It has been shown to cause liver,
brain and lung cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
Such substances may also have the po-
tential for causing reproductive damage
in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* Vinyl Chloride may damage the develop-
ing fetus and there is limited evidence
that Vinyl Chloride is a teratogen in
animals. Until further testing has been
done, it should be treated as a possi-
ble teratogen in humans.
* An excess of spontaneous abortions has
been reported among spouses of workers
who had been exposed to Vinyl Chloride.
* Increased rates of birth defects have
been reported in areas where Vinyl
Chloride processing plants are located.
Vinyl Chloride’s role in this increased
risk is unknown at this time.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can cause a disease
called “scleroderma”. This causes the
skin to become very smooth, tight and
shiny. It causes the bones of the fin-
gers to erode (“acro-osteolysis”), and
damages the blood vessels in the hands
(“Raynauds syndrome”). This causes the
hands (or feet) to turn numb, pale or
blue with even mild cold exposure.
* Repeated exposure can permanently dam-
age the liver and damage the kidneys,
nervous system and blood cells.
* Vinyl Chloride can cause symptoms like
stomach ulcers.
* Vinyl Chloride may cause a skin aller-
gy. 1f allergy develops, very low fu-
ture exposures can cause itching and a
skin rash.
I DICAL TESTING
OSHA requires that your employer provide
all exposed workers with the following be-
fore starting work and every year after
that (every six months for those on the
job more that 10 years):
* Complete liver function tests.
In addition the following may be useful:
* Kidney function tests.
* Complete blood count.
* Complete exam of the skin and nervous
system.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is
suspected, the following may be useful:
* x-rays of the fingers.
* A test called “Urinary Thiodiglycolic
acid level” (normal is usually less
than 2 mg/liter).
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist,
including careful exposure history and
special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure. Request copies of
your medical testing. You have a legal
right to this information under OSHA
1910.20.
-------
VINYL CRLORIDE
page 3 of 5
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Vinyl Chloride from drums or other
storage containers to process contain-
ers.
* Specific engineering controls are re-
quired for this chemical by OSHA. Re-
fer to the OSHA standard: 1910.1017
Vinyl Chloride.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for this chemical by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH Current Intelligence
Bulletin: #79-146 Vinyl Halides Carci-
nogenicity # 28.
* Before entering a confined space where
Vinyl Chloride may be present, check to
make sure that an explosive concentra-
tion does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Vinyl Chloride should change
into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
home. Family members could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be
laundered by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Vinyl Chloride.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Vinyl Chloride,
immediately wash or shower to remove
the chemical. At the end of the work-
shift, wash any areas of the body that
- thày have contacted Vinyl Chloride,
whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Vinyl
Chloride is handled, processed, or
stored, since the chemical can be swal-
lowed. Wash hands carefully before
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once in a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Vinyl. Chloride.
Wear solvent-resistant gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers!
manufacturers can provide recommenda-
tions on the most protective glove!
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day and put on before
work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the rec-
ommended respiratory protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS
DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only
be used if the employer has a written
program that takes into account
workplace conditions, requirements for
worker training, respirator fit testing
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
page 4 of 5
and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* At exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH
approved supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece,
hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other ccitive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Vinyl Chloride
you should be trained on its proper
handling and storage.
* Vinyl Chloride must be stored to avoid
contact with OXIDIZERS (such as PER-
CHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES,
CHLORATES and NITRATES) since violent
reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking
and open flames, are prohibited where
Vinyl Chloride is handled, used, or
stored.
* Metal containers involving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Vinyl Chloride
should be grounded and bonded. Drums
must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and
flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equip-
ment, especially when opening and clos-
ing containers of Vinyl Chloride.
* Wherever Vinyl Chloride is used, han-
dled, manufactured, or stored, use ex-
plosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Vinyl Chloride is han-
dled, used, or stored.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later get chronic health effects?
A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
Q: Can I get long-term effects without
ever having short-term effects?
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
you immediately sick.
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include dust releasing ouera-
tions (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other Dhysical and me-
chanical orocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers) and “ confined soace” exoo-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: Don’t all chemicals cause cancer?
A: No. Most chemicals tested by scien-
tists are not cancer-causing.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
vI mRge soerm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
from chemicals that harm the develop-
ing fetus. However, chemicals may af-
fect the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
Q: Should I be concerned i a chemical is
a teratogen in animals?
A: Yes. Although some chemicals may af-
fect humans differently than they af-
fect animals, damage to animals sug-
gests that similar damage can occur in
humans.
-------
>>>>>>)>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name: VINYL CHLORIDE
DOT Number: UN 1086
DOT Emergency Guide code: 17
CAS Number: 75-01-4
INJ DOH Hazard
rating
JFLA}IXABILITY
I
4
I REACTIVITY
I
1
I FLAMMABLE GAS
I CARCINOGEN
POISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Vinyl Chloride is a FLAMMABLE GAS.
* Use dry chemical or CO 2 extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Phosgene, Hydrogen Chloride,
and Carbon Monoxide.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* FIRE MAY RESTART AFTER IT HAS BEEN EX-
TINGUISHED.
* Vapors may travel to a source of igni-
tion and flash back.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Vinyl Chloride is leaked, take the fol-
lowing steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of leak until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the
gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is
a cylinder and the leak cannot be stop-
ped in place, remove the leaking cylin-
der to a safe place in the open air,
and repair leak or allow cylinder to
empty.
* Keep Vinyl Chloride out of a confined
space, such as a sewer, because of the
possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
page 5 of 5
I N F 0 R M A T I 0 N <<<<<
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Vinylidene chloride
Chemical Abstract Service * 75-35-4
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requireS the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
75-35-4
UN 1303
RTK Substance number:
Date: 10/30/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Vinylidene Chloride can affect you when
breathed and by passing through skin.
* Vinylidene Chloride is a CARCINOGEN- -
HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION. It may
damage the developing fetus and cause
reproductive damage in males.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose
and throat. Contact can irritate and
- he eyes and skin.
. .evels cause a “drunken” feeling
can go on to unconsciousness.
* Repeated exposures may dAmRge the li-
ver, kidneys and lungs.
* It is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE
CHEMICAL, and a DANGEROUS FIRE and ER-
PLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
Vinylidene Chloride is a colorless liquid
with a mild, sweet odor. It is used as a
chemical intermediate in making plastics.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Vinylidene Chloride is on the Hazardous
..ubstance List because it is cited by
DOT, CAG, NFPA and others.
* This chemical is on. the Special Health
Hazard Substance List because it is a
CARCINOGEN, a MUTAGEN, FLAMMABLE and
REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20. If you think you
are experiencing any work-related
liealth problems, see a doctor trained
to recognize occupational diseases.
Take this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR ThRESHOLD — L90 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 5 ppm averaged over an
8-hour vorkshift and 20 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
* Vinylidene Chloride may be a CANCER-
CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be
safe level of exposure to a carci-
nogen, so all contact should be reduced
to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be es-
tablished where Vinylidene Chloride is
handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
Vinylidene Chloride to potentially
exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Niw Jeruy Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
2006
-------
VINYI4DENE CHLORIDE
page 2 of 5
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of in-
formation of j. .pote .ptia ,. and most severe
health ha ar4s hs.t may result from expo-
sure. Duratton., of. exposure, concentration
of th substance and other factors will
afç ct your .susceptibl].ity to any of the
potential effects described below.
HEALTH HAZARD INEORNAT ION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health
effects may occur immc4i at4y -or sho.rtly
after exporure,to VLnylidene Chloride:
* Expos*tre can ..irr1 ate the eyes, nose
and throat. Higher, levels cause a
“drunken” feeling that may go on to
passing out.
* Contact can -ir it te and burn the skin
and eyes. -
Chronic Health Effects
The.. following -chronic (long-term) health
effects can occur at some time after expo-
sure to Vinylidene chloride and can last
for months or years:
Cancer.Hszard
* Vinylidene Chloride may be .a CANCER-
CAUSING AGF1 T - in. humans since 5 t has
been shown to cause kidney, livcr and
skin cancer in animal.s. It is similar
to, and often found with Vinyl. Chlo-
ride, a known carcinogen.
* Many scientists believe there is no
safe level of exposure to 3 cancer-
causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing repro-
ductive damage in humans.
ReDroductive Hazard
* Vinylidena Chloride may damage the de-
veloping fetus. Exposure may also af-
fect the reproductive ability of males.
Other Long-Ter n Effects
* Repeated exposure may cause liver and
kidney damage.
* Vinylidene Chloride may cause bronchi-
tis to develop, with coughing, sputum
production and shortness of breath.
1. DICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
are recommended before beginning work and
at regular times after that:
* Lung function tests.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an exam. Medical tests that look for dam-
age already done are a substitute for
controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing.
You have a legal right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Zecause smoking can cause heart disease,
as :well as lung cancer, emphysema, and
other respiratory problems, it may worsen
:respiratory conditions caused by chemical
. xposure. Even if you have smoked for a
long time, stopping now will reduce your
risk of developing health problems.
Because more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
cohol may increase the liver damage caused
by Vinylidene Chloride.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
TJr 1ess a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stituted for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
.provide local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. Isolating oper-
ations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
-------
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
-pa ga 3 ’of 5
when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Vinyl idene Chloride from drums or
other storage containers to process
containers.
* Before entering a confined space where
Vinylidene Chloride may be present,
check to make sure that an explosive
concentration does not exist.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce
hazardous exposurçs. The following work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contain-
mated by Vinylidene Chloride should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes shoul-d. be
laundered by individuals who have-been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
Vinylidena Chloride.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided
in the immediate work area for emer-
gency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin ex-
posure, emergency shower facilities
should be provided.
* On skin contact with Vinylidene Chlo-
ride, immediately wash or shower to-re-
move the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Vi-
nylidene Chloride is handled, pro-
cessed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully
before e ting or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined
space entry, jobs done only once itt a
while, or jobs done while workplace con-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate.
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to every sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact - with Vinylidene
Chloride. Wear protective gloves and
clothing including apron and boots.
Safety equip nent suppliers/manufactur -
ers can provide - recdmmendatiorrs cr1 - the
most protective ‘ glove/clothing material
for your operation. —. -
* All protective clothing (suits, gloyes,
footwedr, -headg r) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before
work.
Eye Protect ion -
* Wear splash.pro&ftlc1%èmica.1 goggles and
face shield when working with liquid,
unless full’fa e iece rresi,fratory pro-
• tectionfs worn?
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS- DANGEROUS.
Such equipment should only be used if the
employer has a written program that takes
into account rk -Iace - c6fldit ions, re-
quirements for worker training,- iespirator
fit testing- and medical- ‘exams-, as de-
:scrjbed in OSHA l9lO:l34.
* Where the potential exists for expo-
s.ures over 1 ppm, use- d’ MS IAfl IOSH ap-
proved” supplied’.áir respirator :-with a
ful-1facepiece operated in the-positive
pressure mode or with a full face”piece,
- hood, or helmet in the contInuous flow
mode, or use ‘a MSHA/NIOSIi a iproved
self-contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Vinylidene
Chloride you should be trained ori its
proper handling and storage.
* Vinylidene Chloride must be stored to
avoid contact with OXIDIZERS such as
PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES,
CHLORATES, and NITRATES; and STRONG
ACIDS such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC,
and NITRIC since violent reactions
occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a
cool well-ventilated area away from
SOURCES OF HEAT.
* Protect storage containers from physi-
cal damage.
-------
-VINTLIDENE CHLORIDE
Sou Of rgnttion such as smoking and
opef are rohibited where Vinyl-
idene chlovido: is handled, used, or
stored.
.* J tal coDta exs ±rivo1ving the transfer
of 5 gallons or more of Vinylidane
Chloride shou1 4’ rou ded and bonded.
Drums must be equipped with self-
closing valves, pressure y cuure bungs,
and flame arresters.
* Use only non-sparking’..t oois and equip-
ment, especially wh iiäp i iiiigaifd clos-
ing containers of Vinyli ne ahlorf do.
* Wherever Vin4den Ch1orido.,$.s. used,
• handled manufacp.%red, or - stQrcd, use
exRl9sic L-pr pof-. 4eçtrJ ca] -. equipment
and fittings
* A regulated, marked area shotld be es-
tablished where Vinyli.1onc:.C 4oride is
-handled,- us d,-or,stored.
QUESTIONS 1 AND :ASW.
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
later got chronic health sffects?.
A: Not-always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated posures
- to a chemicCal.
Q: Can I get ]. ong-te -. effects;, without
ever having short-term effects?-. -
A: Yes, because long-term effects can oc-
cur from repeated expos res.:.tq. a. chem-
ical at levels not high enough to make
•you immediately: sick:-.
Q: What are my chances of getting -sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A: The likelihood of becoeiing sick from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of ‘exposure increases. This is deter-
mined by the length of time and the
amount of material to which someone is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include j s releasin opera-
tf,ons (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), other ohysical and me-
chanic s (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined sDace ” exoo-
-- -. sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
page 4 of 5
Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
cept possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
expo ed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
periods. Because of this, and because
of exposure of children or people who
are already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
.Q: Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
LA’: Yes. Most scientists agree that a
chemical that causes cancer in animals
should be treated as a suspected human
carcinogen unless proven otherwise.
Q: But don’t they test animals using much
htgher levels of a chemical than peo-
ple usually are exposed to?
A: Yes. That’s so effects can be seen
more clearly using fewer animals. But
high doses alone don’t cause cancer
unless it’s a cancer agent. In fact,
a chemical that causes cancer in ani-
mals at high doses could cause cancer
in humans exposed to low doses.
Q: Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive
system damage?
A: Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in both men and women. Some
danage soerm and eggs , possibly lead-
ing to birth defects.
Q: Who is at the greatest
productive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are
from chemicals that
ing fetus. However,
fect the ability to
both men and women
age are at high risk.
Q: Don’t
A: No.
tists
all chemicals cause cancer?
Most chemicals tested by scien-
are not cancer-causing.
risk from re-
at greatest risk
harm the develop-
chemicals may af-
have children, so
of child-bearing
-------
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
UN 1303
Guide code: 26
75-35-4
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY
I
4
(
I
REACTIVITY
I
2
POISONOUS GASES
ARE
PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN FIRE
I
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Vinylidene Chloride is a FLAMMABLE
LIQUID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE,
including Hydrogen Chloride. -
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE..
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam’ extin-
guishers and water to keep fire exposed
containers cool.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910:156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Vinylidene Chloride is spilled or
leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Keep Vinylidene Chloride out of a
confined space, such as a sewer,
because of the possibility ‘. of an
explosion, unless the sewer is designed
to prevent the build-up of explosive
concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Vinylidene Chloride as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific
recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE (See ’ p&ge4)
FIRSTS AID
POISON INFO RHATION
Eye Contact -
* Immedi&te1y lt wi tW4’arge aihoünts of
äteT for- at 4ëást- r5 ”mirtute , occa-
eibnall -y lff ing upj e . id : Owér lids.
Seek medical attention
Skin ‘-COntacti J
* Quickly remdve’ contamirrated - iMhing.
Immediately wash contaminated sjci !ith
large amounts- -ef-- so p - th d -irater - leek
medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person prom exposure.’ -
* Be in-rèsc ebr athing If breathing has
stopped and CPR if’ héârt icti n has
stopped. -
•* ‘ Trans ’fer :probiptIy ’ to a - medica] - facil-
ity
PHYSICAL DATA -.
Vapor Pressure:- -591-mm Hg at -77°F
Flash Point: 0°F
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED MANES
Chemical Name:
Ethene, 1, l-Dichloro-
Other Names and Formulations:
1, l-Dichloroethylene
Not intended, to be copied and sold for
commercial purposes.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CM 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E M E R G E N C Y
. p 5 ’f 5
I N F 0 R N AT
FOR LARGE SPILLS. J FI g tnthied:iately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Xylene
Chemical Abstract Service * 1330—20—7
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work—-such as in factories or
repair shops—-are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
XYLENES
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
1330-20-7
UN 1307
RTK Substance number:
Date: 11/3/86
2d14
HAZARD StJMMARY
* Xy].enes can affect you when breathed in
and by passing through your skin.
* Xylenes may d m ge the developing fe-
tus.
* They can irritate the eyes, nose and
throat. High levels can cause dizzi-
ness, passing out and death.
* Repeated exposure may damage bone mar-
row causing low blood cell count. They
may also dt mige the eyes, and cause
stomach problems.
* Xylenes may cause problems with memory
and concentration.
* Xylenes are FLA U(ABLE LIQUIDS and FIRE
HAZARDS.
IDENTIFICATION
Xylenes are all similar chemicals forming
a clear liquid with a strong odor. They
are used as solvents and in making drugs,
dyes, insecticides and gasoline.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Xylenes are on the Hazardous Substance
List because they are regulated by OSHA
and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA
and other authorities.
* These chemicals are on the Special
Health Hazard Substance List because
they are FLA1 CABLE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting air samples. Under
OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to
obtain copies of sampling results from
your employer. If you think you are
experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to rec-
ognize occupational diseases. Take
this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD — 1.1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a
warning of exposure. Not smelling it
does not mean you are not being ex-
posed.
WOREPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible
exposure limit (PEL) is 100 ppm
averaged over an 8-hour work-
shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over a
10-hour workshift and 200 ppm,
not to be exceeded during any 10
minute work period.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure
limit is 100 ppm averaged over an
8-hour workshift and 150 ppm as a
STEL (short term exposure limit).
* The above exposure limits are for
levels only . When skin contact also oc-
curs, you may be overexposed, even
though air levels are less than the
limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-
sure to Xylenes and at the end of the
workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of
lylenes to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Nsw Jersey Department of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substances
-------
page 2 of 5
___ source of in-
:f t.f : of:a. .11 ôthii ia1 ‘and most severe
health hazards that maf rès u1 from expo-
sure. ‘Du iofi’6f exp6Iu e, co centration
-of’ the a trahceälidr6ther factors will
ffedt ydtir suscept bfPity t6 - any’ of the
potential effects described belo .’
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
For those with frequent or potentially
high exposure (half the TLV or greater, or
significant skin contact), the following
• is recommended before beginning work and
-at regular times after that:
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute ,Healt r:Effect4 -
The: followthg ä Hitê ‘ ‘(short—tr. rni ’ health
“eff cts -m&y oc ur -Thiatë1y ô -short1y
after exposure to XylebeI
* Exposure dA € \ Iose
ca. ad-
-ácl es, ‘nause’ã ándo iting, ir dfiess
and.sto ad (p t- -Hfgh- lë%-W can
cause -you’ tOD .fieI’ dizzy and “l±ght-
- hêa éd, and--t ,-p s out. Tery A high
levels -can oáu e’ eath
Chronic Health Effects -
The ‘fo11owing chzot i -(long-term)’ health
effects can’occur gt tome tinii aftèr expo-
sure ‘to X neS -a-rfd an las-t f r’ iâ tths or
years
Cancer Ha
* According to the informät foñ p ’sently
a’Uailable - to the N&w sey- 1 epartment
of Health, Xylenês ’1i .vé.not’ been”tested
for their •abil’icy t0 cause óáncer in
animals: - -
Reproductive - Hazar.i
* Xyienes may. d emage he d ’ svelop hig fe-
tus. -
Other’ ‘Long-Term Eff ct
* Repeated exposure can damage bone mar-
row, causing low blood cell count.
* Xylenes can damage the liver and kid-
ney .
* Prolonged contact can cause drying and
cracking of the skin.
* Repaated exposure to Xylei es can cause
poor memory, oncentration -and other
brain’ ffects. It can aláo c ause dam-
age to the urfa e of the eye.
* Exam of the eyes by slit lamp.
:‘ symptoms develop or overexposure is
‘suspected, the following may be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* “Complete blood count.
* Urine concentration of ni-Methyihippuric
Acid (at the end of shift) as an index
of overexposure.
‘Any ‘evaluation should include a careful
history of past and present symptoms with
an-e*ani. Medical tests that look for dam-
âge aiready done are not a substitute for
ont olling exposure.
ê est copies of your medical testing.
a legal right to this information
und r OSHA 1910.20.
!Mtxèd Exposures
Be ause more than light alcohol consump-
tion can cause liver damage, drinking al-
‘cohoi can increase the liver damage caused
b: r:XYlenes.
‘WORXPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unles, . a less toxic chemical can be sub-
stitut d for a hazardous substance, ENGI-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of’ reducing exposure. The best pro-
-tec ti n is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the
Site’ of chemical release. Isolating oper-
atibt s can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is
less effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your
workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
could occur. Special controls should be
in place for highly toxic chemicals or
-------
XYLENES
p w 1 1 qt 5
when significant skin, eye, or breathing.
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are
recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liq-
uid Xylenes from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are rec-
ommended for these chemicals by NIOSH.
Refer to the NIOSH criteria docum nt:
Occupational Exposure to Xylenc,s, .#75-
168.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to. reduce
hazardous exposures. The followi g work
practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contam-
inated by Xylenes should char ge .r4nto
clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes uuu 4 .ci . ye
laundered by individuals who h ve b,een
informed of the hazards of expos e, to
Xylenes.
* On skin contact with Xylenes, immedi-
ately wash or shower to remov 0 -the
chemicals. At the end o . ,.the
workshift, wash any areas of the body
that may have contacted: le es,
whether or not known skin contact nas
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink wher,e, Xy-
lenes are handled, proc s c , - or
stored, since the chemicals can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefu1]y- be ore
eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMEN
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER TH N ?ER-
SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However,. for
some jobs (such as outside work- . onfined
space entry, jobs done only once .,in a
while, or jobs done while workplace. .con-
trols are being installed), persona.].. pro-
tective equipment may be appropriate
The following recommendations are only
guidelines and may not apply to ever y..sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Xylenas. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety
equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide ca e d4ti n,%.r on .j iost
protective -gLove/cJ o b ng qta e j for
your oper tion .
All rotec ti e clo hiijg (its, .
foqtwpar, bq clean,
va .la1 le ut Gn b ore
worlç.
* ACGIH recommends the use of Polyvinyl
l Tf i aai:
Eye Protection
* Wear
1 fac.shi44. wher.y j rki g wjth U ,quid,
unle s
tection is w n 4 ’.
Respj tpry oc ipr
I lPR EJ .. U$E F.rRESP AT0R& . :D ROUS.
Such .eauioment..sho4d useçt ,if the
,em .o yer ‘has-;a wri-t takes
1 nto .accountL,wo 1cp1ac@- cppdit L D re-
quir.ements f ; wo rang, p rator
fit testing a d e4jcal -eKams .,. de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
,eç % t :e)(po-
,s ir i Q ppm u e .a- M 1iA UOSH
pWo.y it f 4i cqp j spi1?a tar with
an organic vapor cartridge/can ister.
Increased protection is obtained from
full facepiece powe e- i pi r.i ing
.spir ato s 14 .
.* ,bii 2 w rjn g a iLter,. a i cIge or
añi ter - r pir car smell,
.tas te, pr.-ptherwi.se’ detect X rlenes, or
in the case of a full facep ,eee :respi
rator you experience eye irritation,
leave the ares- jilm k5? to
.rnalçe, s . ix e t be sp jrat r- t f i ex seal
is still good. If it is, rep3a e the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the
seal is no 4- iger go a
new respiratore.
* Be sure to expo-
sures in you workp1ace - Ypj. .may need
a combination of filters, prefilters,
cartridges,, or. aanisters o protect
against different. for ns- .of . a chemical
(stich a vapor .andw ,st) or-agai pst a
mi çture...of-. chemjca] s.
* Whe e. he-potential for- his e po ures
exists , -a MSHA/NI9 H 91 appr.oved sup-
plied-air respirator with a full face-
piece operated in the positive pressure
mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
helmet in the continuous flow mode.
-------
>* > i > 6 l0’, 0 0 p m ‘ iê immediately
dang us o u c ftd C!health If.; the
possibility of exposures above 10,000
ppm exists use a MSHA/NTQ H :ap oved
self contained breathing apparatus with
a full facepiece opw &ccdntthuous
flow or other positTi .
HA N MD S OR GE
* Pr1 r vX Lenes you
should be trained on its proper han-
dling and storage.
-k avöid1c ntact
w b r XIDIZERS h CHLO-
RIN s 8RO INE a Dd ELUDIIZN stne vio-
lent reactions occur.
* Sources of ignition,
and. rrare&p htbLted where
y e eada in
n aj ne jb4t pu 4’ ci &te b&qpotential
fire or explosion hazard.
* Us i y —nqji- spa iotqo1s d- equip-
ment, especially when opening az d clos-
ing containers of Xylenes.
* Protect storage cont s Ytil rs-
ical damage.
QUESTIONS ND $WERS:
Q: If I have acute health effects, will I
l t e± thr6Jhèa 3t NI cbgi7
A: Not always. Most ch Gi( .- m)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical.
:Q: Can I get;
ever having 9 .eerm:ieff c &?
A: YeS, ’becáii e- ldng tet fe tS en -oc-
cur fro rep atedexposuresi. to a chem-
icáiàtlevéls not high e nough -to make
you 1 iminedi -atel.y si,ck
Q: What are my chances of getting sick
when e b xpo ed che icai.s?
A: The likeI.ihóbd of béco ing - ick from
chemicals is inci a asstiie amount
-Thj i —-det r-
-minèd b t è te ü it1i bf and the
amount of rnac r t ;tow bmone is
exposed;
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which increase risk of ex-
posure include st releasijig ooera
tion. (grinding, mixing, blasting,
dumping, etc.), erphvsical and me -
page 4 of 5
chanical Drocesses (heating, pouring,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
large surface areas such as open con-
tainers), and “ confined space ” exio-
sures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.).
Q: _Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers than for community residents?
A: Yes. Exposures in the community, ex-
... pt possibly in cases of fires or
spills, are usually much lower than
those found in the workplace. How-
ever, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water as well
as to chemicals in the air over long
geriods. Because of this, and because
exposure of children or people who
á e already ill, community exposures
may cause health problems.
Q: Who is at the greatest risk from re-
roductive hazards?
A: Pregnant women are at greatest risk
f om chemicals that harm the develop-
g t fetus. However, chemicals may af-
f t the ability to have children, so
both men and women of childbearing age
are at high risk.
-------
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> E N E R G E N C I
Common Name: XYLENES
DOT Number: UN 1307
DOT Emergency Guide code: 27
CAS Number: 1330-20-7
NJ DOH Hazard
rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
3
:
I
REACTIVITY
I
0
POISONOUS GAS
IS PRODUCED
IN
FIRE
I
I
CONTAINERS MAY
EXPLODE IN
FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0-minimal; 1—si-ight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Xylenes are FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FI E.
* Vapors may travel to a sourcepf igni-
tion and flash back.
* Use dry chemical, C0 2 , or foam extin-
guishers.
* Water spray may be used to . educe Ova-
pors.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Xylenes are spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak
until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry
sand, earth, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep Xylenes out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possi-
bility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-
up of explosive concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Xylenes as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental
Program for specific recommendations.
pa &f 5
I.! F 0 R MAT
HANDLING AND ’8TOR E c See’r4
FIRST TD’\
cBOISON : INEOPJfAftsZOJjxo
Eye Contact
* Immediately dSl of
water for at least 15 minutes, occa-
sltanàlly 1if ing er an 2 low r llds.
Skin Contact
*rrQuickly
inunediataly sbi b tam1na1 ed &kift with
large a á ö f ftp i (k te
Breathinq-
* vReitheicpevson .fr im . kpc ure •bnE
*eBegLnrescud hbr athii g has
: stopped CP wt.f h är o has
stopped. -
.. *‘ Trànm -fe ’ vom -.imedf al ac’i1-
ib 3 .
PHYSICAL -DA A
Vapor Pressure: 7-9 mm Hg at 68°F
Flash Point:E ir4 Th1J --
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTH R 3 cO)1MØNIa IIS.ED NA1 AND;I
QRM LATIQNSz
Dimethy lbenzene
. 3tlenes..rnay be a ommpj na forra y cam-
bination . of hç 9l 9wi g :
,). ,. - imep ke n qrtIg J;!ne
CAS 3 3 •‘• 2L9\’9— -
1, 4-Diinethylbenzeñ (pa L ]ty1 &f e)
CAS #106-42-3.
Not intendqd to be qpLec snd so1d for
commercial purpqq s.
lEw JERSEY PEP R t4EN .HEAL!JH
Righi to khqi.ProJ ’ c .,
CN 3b s, Trenton N3 OS 2 -d 8.
* If employees are expected fight
fires, they must be traLne d and
equipped as stated in OSHA 19111.156.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately
call your fire department.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Zinc
Chemical Abstract Service # 7440—66—6
A MESSAGE FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act of
1986 requires the Environmental Protection Agency to establish
the Toxic Release Inventory, a national data base containing
information on the release of 328 toxic chemicals from
manufacturing plants in the United States. This Fact Sheet,
prepared by the New Jersey Department of Health, concerns one of
these chemicals. EPA is distributing copies of this Fact Sheet
in order to help the public understand the potential health
effects of exposure to chemical releases identified in the Toxic
Release Inventory.
Readers should be aware that determining the health effects
of chemicals is a very complex process. These Fact Sheets are
summaries of facts about the chemicals. In addition, there may
be subtle but important differences in the ways in which the
State of New Jersey, EPA, and other scientific institutions might
state their conclusions regarding the health effects of
particular chemicals according to potential exposures. However,
we believe these New Jersey Fact Sheets are very useful sources
of summary information.
Since New Jersey wrote these Fact Sheets for workers who may
be exposed to the chemicals where they work, several sections of
the Fact Sheets are about workplace, rather than community
situations. Levels of exposure at work-—such as in factories or
repair shops--are often much higher than community exposures. In
addition, the ways that community residents are exposed may also
be different. For example, workers may be exposed to a
particular chemical by air and skin contact, but residents may be
exposed to the same chemical through their drinking water.
Finally, readers should note most chemicals have not been
tested for toxicity in a comprehensive manner. There are
scientific gaps in our knowledge about the health effects of most
chemicals. These Fact Sheets can only provide information on
health effects where testing for toxicity has actually been done
or where comparisons with similar chemicals can be drawn. As
further scientific knowledge is acquired, additional information
will be made available.
July 1988
-------
Common Name:
ZINC
CAS Number:
DOT Number:
7440-66-6
UN 1436
RTK Substance number: 2021
Date: 1/31/86
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Zinc can affect you when breathed in.
* Zinc dust particles can irritate the
eyes.
exposure to soli4 Zinc is not known to
cause acute or chronic health effects,
but heated Zinc may give off Zinc Oxide
Fume which can cause health effects.
CONSULT THE NJ HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT
SHEET ON ZINC OXIDE FUME.
* Metal fragments can scratch the eyes.
* When Zinc is refined, Cadmium is re-
leased. Cadmium is a cancer causing
t. CONSULT THE NJ HAZARDOUS SUB
JTANCE FACT SHEET ON CADMIUM.
IDENTIFICATION
Zinc is a soft white metal with a bluish
tinge. It is used as a coating on iron
and steel, and in making brass metal
alloys, also as a dust in making paint and
dyes tuffs.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Zinc is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is cited by DOT, NFPA and
:pA.
definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING
EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should
be routinely evaluated. This may in-
clude collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sam-
pling results from your employer. You
have a legal .right to this information
under OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any
work-related health problems, see a
doctor trained to recognize occupa-
tional diseases. Take this Fact Sheet
with you.
WORXPL&CE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* No exposure limits have been estab-
lished for Zinc.
Metal, metal compounds and alloys are of-
ten used in “hot” operations in the work-
place. These may include, but are not
limited to, welding, brazing, soldering,
plating, cutting, and nietallizing. At the
high temperatures reached in these
operations, metals often form metal fumes
which have different health effects and
exposure standards than the original me-
tal or metal compound and require spe-
cialized controls. Your workplace can be
evaluated for the presence of particular
fumes which may be generated. These re-
suits can be used to determine the appro-
priate NJ Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
that should be available.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and
use local exhaust ventilation at the
site of chemical release. If local ex-
haust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respirators should be worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly at the end of the work-
shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in
the work area. In addition, as part of
an ongoing education and training ef-
fort, communicate all information on
the health and safety hazards of Zinc
to potentially exposed workers.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEET
Contents prepared by the Distributed by the United States
Nsw Jereay D•partment of Health Environmental Protection Agency
Right to Know Program Office of Toxic Substancee
-------
1 Z!NC aç
page 2 of 5
3Tht 5 Eec he VCf ftE a dux d e of in-
formation of all
e po -
au ew LW.irati oMI , ‘ ot We @rat ion
refiirqsul c a RI %hW . N r% will
the
otenti al: ef d! dé b W’bé1 U F’ -
LTHH jA2A2b XN RNATI’ON
Acuteeai f cts I
Theo’±oU.6 zing- ath t hor iealth
)effeots ñâ ace iflQe& 1 Jbf° hortly
äf izx aaixr tb mind r
t Netatsprticle ean iZ 3t1 9éyes.
H4 q e b3qCo any
Chronic Hea] V 10I’ ’J
The following chronic (long-term) health
eco s ffi* 1if a ft er e po-
sur%e co Z4nó i d oâuc1já t ‘!e.o Sionths or
r ea sioi -
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently
kva1ib h4 &toe’ Na’J Je D r ent
of Hea t Zind -ha o J b é% i ted for
:its abil1ey to egue & o rCin2anima&s.
J Repro nctiv Ha ardI
* According to ) he Zi föt ’tht ñ esently
available to the New Jersey Department
thZ nc t nbt bêén -t% ’ tedcfor
ii1 cf : abj] tycx9t d ad S l 9flW affect
rp ndgctdio n c
other Løfl -Term Errect
Zi tCSntAS no jY n 9 ès é d ° fW’ other
chronic t rm) e 1th
NEDICAL
‘ z’ie ioai est1ng
-- or t F s chemi-
iowe t,. f over -
____________________ - di q t ention
:7Any1ral td tta 1 I’l d ‘2ñë fide 4 areful
th d’ j f p j?M ‘ j,t Wenb wit4’
an exam. . (ic t!b st ut” 1od r dar
age already dOne II SI s 5 1 kfte fc
controlling exposure.
ftièst copies of your medical testing.
You%ave a legal right to this information
%na OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
a less toxic chemical can be sub-
‘%tt t d for a hazardous substance, ENd-
NEERING CONTROLS are the most effective
way of reducing exposure. The best pro-
tection is to enclose operations and/or
p ov .di local exhaust ventilation at the
- bf chemical release. Isolating oper-
can also reduce exposure. Using
rpi àtors or protective equipment is
•1ê i-”effective than the controls mentioned
above, but is sometimes necessary.
?ev .uating the controls present in your
0 O 1q9 c , consider: (1) how hazardous the
substance is, (2) how much of the sub-
stance is released into the workplace and
(3) whether harmful skin or eye contact
ö l d ‘b’ècur. Special controls should be
41t 5 ] e for highly toxic chemicals or
W gIdficant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
PRACTICES can help to reduce
h ia !ddüs exposures. The following work
are recommended:
‘*1 rs. whose clothing has been contain-
hat d-by Zinc dust should change into
clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes
hã 1 . Family members could be exposed.
bQ mf na’ted work clothes should be
& tdJ1ed by individuals who have been
informed of the hazards of exposure to
nc ust.
‘* WäSh ’añy areas of the body that may
h’ e ontacted Zinc dust at the end of
each workday, whether or not known skin
• ct -has occurred.
a vacuum or a wet method to reduce
dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Zinc
d iit 1s handled, processed, or stored,
int ’ the chemical can be swallowed.
carefully before eating or
‘ PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PER-
Oz4 A L PR5TECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
-------
ZINC
pag I f 5
some jobs (such as outside work, ..co ined..
space entry, jobs done only once, -in a-
while, or jobs done while workpl g on-
trols are being installed), personal pro-
tective equipment may be appropriatç
The following recommendations pnly
guidelines and may not apply toevery- sit-
uation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Z4ncy 3 4 st.
Wear protective gloves and lq ing.
Safety equipment suppl iers/man ur-
ers can provide recommendatio - pq - the
most protective glove/clothing. ini; ial
for your operation. - -
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
footwear, headgear) shoul&,,b , ,c an,
available each day, and pu ql ore
work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles wh f ing
with powders or dust, unless 1 4L face-
piece respiratory protectioy. ij
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS ISNg 9US.
Such equipment should only be 14fii4 the
employer has a written progra tj aç t kes
into account workplace conditions, re-
quirements for worker training p .rator
fit testing and medical exa ,..a S de-
scribed in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exiats expo-
sures to Zinc dusts, use m UA ’NIOSH
approved respirator equippe ,wj ,tJ par-
ticulate (du St/fume/mist), 9 . 0 -f 1 qters.
Particulate filters must be ,.4ecked
every day before work for pl ys 4 dam-
age, such as rips or tears, 9 id re-
placed as needed.
* For processes where Zinc i eaç ed re-
fer to respiratory protection r comzIen-
dations on the NJ Hazardous S tance
Fact Sheet on Zinc Oxide.
* If while wearing a filter, cart;i4ge or
canister respirator, you., c4n . sme1l,
taste, or otherwise detect Zinfz, -pr in
the case of a full facepiece ç sj rator
you experience eye irrita ion, leave
the area immediately. Check ; eke
sure the respirator-to-face seal is
still good. If it is,
ter, cartridge, or caniste cq 0 he
:se& 4$ rige o,o to yaM d a
new
. -. u e: 1 t o . cop i4e Ub te tL li e po -
s te n yc Lro I Jawi mey need
jrifl Lt Qg1 jqf a & - z v a p o il ors,
• a t idgea j p7 fl )p ect
f Lt ofi . i ebem&cal
(such as vapor and mist) or a ainst a
rcirs:
* Where vhr wi i I
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
supplied-air La i S J Iul1
opper ths i ththéi c pos1!eive
fiiJ faoe iece,
hood, or helme nth h om nuauwaflow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved
1 ea bXng3*ppa tatuM ith
tZu1. acepds e operateó i ipg sure-
dothq p s p s t mode.
QUESTIONS W, 1FtRSr s H
-.Q: i j % a4 :be th.oe ec . ±1’ l I
cget s oi’iLo ltbffets
A: Not always. Most chronic (1ongsta m)
effects result from repeated exposures
to a chemical. bu ii is3ttED
ySn r, hor - et I efHe 1 ? 3:
ng termveffêctsacan oc-
cur from repeated exposures to a chem-
ical at
y.q u t 1c.
-Qj 4iat , r)Q1 oe tr sick
cheimiioals?
A: The likelihood of bwo*dngz th*t from
chemicals is increased as the amount
of expos T- A t Lt tèr-
n4 ped hy 4eJ e ijgtbo pf atL me mk I the
no mt q t 1 t s 1J cb iaom one is
exposed.
Q: When are higher exposures more likely?
A: Conditions which thc Trj .ak±6 èx-
p%s e ic 4e dust eLeasif z.cvé) a-
ni gs iofblas1 thg,
eth i r h *ic a 4 :oie -
chanical processes (lio irLng,
spraying, spills and evaporation from
] ar e 9 r qe ep ft. s O en’ chn-
4 rr co j ed b cp!b thib -
r 0 wq1çj ng .
ia J - r ç s 5 c
-------
?ZINC page 4 of 5
: ! Li> 1L?b e tingsic1c higher f6t
wor1ce, j a .. f qp nu ty 1 esi4 nts? i’
Ex oa si sin tbc g uuniJ y ex-
ep 1 ib1y q1 or
0 sua]y uch . than
those found in the workplac ,Uow-
j be
45. well
as 3 9: c4c4 yJ. dTDoveVi.ong
per&ods.. e a ise g L and because
of exposure of children orbp?Q ecwho
a .j, .1 re dyri ae ppeares
-------
INJ DOH Hazard rating
I
FLAMMABILITY
I
1 I
REACTIVITY
I
1. I
DUST FORMS EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE WITH AIR
COMBUSTIBLE DUSTS
IRRITATING & POISONOUS GASES/FUMES
PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0—minimal; 1—slight;
2—moderate; 3—serious; 4—severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Zinc is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* Use dry chemcial, sand, or foam extin-
guishers.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight
fires, they must be trained and
equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Zinc is spilled, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill until
clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most
convenient and safe manner and deposit
in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dis-
pose of Zinc as a HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Contact your state Environmental Pro-
gram for specific recommendations.
page 5”óf 5
I .3tF.Q 4 ,R M.A T X?A M i:>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.E M E R G E N C Y
Common Name:
DOT Number:
DOT Emergency
CAS Number:
ZINC
UN 1436
Guide code: 76
7440-66-6
------- |