A CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
FOR OPERATORS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
FOR THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT
Prepared for:
SOLID WASTE PROGRAM
Air & Hazardous Materials Divilion
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Prepared By:
GORDIAN ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED
1919 Pennsylvania Avenue, LW.
Suite 405
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 828—7300
July 18, 1980
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Public Law 94—580 — October 21, 1976
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND CONSERVATION PANELS
SEC. 2003. The Administrator shall provide teams of personnel,
including Federal, State, and local employees or contractors (herein-
after referred to as “Resource Conservation and Recovery Panels”) to
provide Federal, State and local governments upon request with
technical assistance on solid waste management, resource recovery, and
resource conservation. Such teams shall include technical, marketing,
financial, and institutional specialists, and the services of such
teams shall be provided without charge to States or local governments.
This report has been reviewed by the Region I EPA
Technical Assistance Project Officer, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies
of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does men-
tion of trade names or coercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
EPA Region I Project Manager: Conrad 0. Desrosiers
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report was prepared by Thomas M. Barnett and William H.
Ranney with assistance from Timothy J. Bratton and Robert H. Brickner
of Gordian Associates, Inc. The authors wish to acknowledge the
valuable assistance provided by Paul Dion, Paul Perlsweig and Charles
Kurker of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and
Conrad Desrosiers, the EPA Region I Project Officer.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements Page
I. Introduction 2
II. Personnel Requirements and General Qualifications 4
— Mass Burning Systems 6
— RDF Systems 10
— Modular Combustion Units 16
— Transfer Stations 19
III. Review of Enabling Legislation and Similar Certifica— 21
tion Programs
— Connecticut Solid Waste Statutes/Regulations 21
— Connecticut Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators 24
Certification Program
— Bridgeport’s Power Engineers, Boiler Tenders, or 26
Water Tenders Licensing Ordinance
— Hartford Steam Boiler Insurance Co. Boiler Operator 27
Testing
IV. Proposed Certification Program 28
— General Approach 28
— Program Description 31
V. Conclusions and Recoimnendations 34
Appendices:
A: Background Data for Labor Requirements
B: Relevant Connecticut Solid Waste Statutes/Regulations
C: Connecticut Regulations Governing Wastewater Treatment Plant
Operator Certification
D: City of Bridgeport’s Power Engineers, Boiler Tenders, or
Water Tenders Licensing Ordinance
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I. Introduction
With the relatively recent spread of resource recovery/solid waste
management facilities has come the need for a 8killed labor force
capable of properly operating and maintaining the new technologies.
Recognizing that there may be a shortage of qualified workers, and that
consequently the opportunity for inefficient and even unsafe system
operations may be great, the Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection (D.E.P.) has sought to develop a program for certifying that
solid waste facility operators in key positions are competent. The
legislative support for such a program is provided by Section 19—524b
of the Connecticut General Statutes. The statute requires that opera-
tors of solid waste management facilities receive certification from
the D.E.P. To exercise the certification authority, regulations were
developed by the DEP; however, a formal certification program now
exists only for sanitary landfill facilities. In order to develop a
more comprehensive program, the DEP requested assistance from the U.S.
EPA (Region I) and its Technical Assistance Panels contractor, Gordian
Associates.
Cordian worked closely with EPA and the DEP to develop a scope of
work which would address the complex issues involved. The resulting
scope included the following five tasks:
1. Brief review of existing statutes to determine if the language
is adequate to support a comprehensive certification program.
2. Determine the types and sizes of facilities to be addressed by
the program as well as their staffing needs. The general
facility categories to be considered were: Processing facili-
ties (i.e., RDF); Mass Burning (i.e., waterwalls); Modular
incinerators; and transfer stations. Each category would be
analyzed at three different capacities.
3. Once the systems and their labor requirements were determined
Gordian was to develop appropriate qualifications for the key
staff needs for each facility.
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4. A preliminary certification program was then to be developed on
the basis of the previously determined staffing needs and
Comments from the DEP and EPA as to which approach(es) would be
appropriate.
5. If deemed appropriate by the DEP, a formal certification pro-
gram would be developed.
In the course of conducting this study, Cordian found it necessary
to modify the original scope of work somewhat in order to more accur-
ately reflect the changing attitudes towards implementing a program.
Because of the diversity of viewpoints expressed by the DEP staff, EPA,
and Gordian, and the absence of a consensus approach, this report does
not include the details of implementing a program. It was decided that
Gordian would present an outline of its recommended approach with
just ifications for its selection so that the other participants could
evaluate it for further action. This modified vorkscope is reflected in
the current report’s organization as explained below:
o Personnel Requirements and General Qualifications. This
section presents the generalized staffing needs, job de-
scriptions and qualifications for 3 sizes of each type of
solid waste management facility. This information provides
the background for determining what positions should be con-
sidered key and what level of qualifications are involved.
o Review of Enabling Legislation and Similar Certification
Programs — the first part of this section remains as de-
scribed in Task I of the original scope, but the reviews of
similar programs have been added as examples for comparison
with the program Gordian recommends in the next section.
o Proposed Certification Program — this section provides a
brief discussion of why Gordian selected a relatively low
key certification program, followed by an outline of the
program itself.
The report concludes with a summary of recommendations, and appen-
dices which present supporting documentation for some of the sections in
the text.
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II. Personnel Requirements and General Qualifications
Staffing needs for solid waste management operations vary
significantly from facility to facility. The number of people
necessary to run a solid waste plant differ not only with the plant
size, ni.miber of process lines and number of shifts, but also with the
particular technology which is implemented. For example the South West
Chicago RDF plant, processing roughly 1000 TPD, employs 25 people,
while the Milwaukee RDF facility at 900 TPD has 42 people on the
payroll. As a result the labor needs at any specific site cannot
necessarily be determined accurately from looking at comparably sized
plants elsewhere.
The numbers presented in this report represent the averages from a
variety of different sources. Tables summarizing these sources for
each technology are presented in Appendix A. Data from presently
operating plants is supplied where available. Proposals and
feasibility studies fill in the gaps. Decisions on the workers needed
for each position are guided by this data base, but modifications have
been made in some cases where experience or operating feasibility
dictates them; for instance, in waterwall incinerators operating four
shifts a day, shift workers are needed in multiples of four (with the
possible addition of a relief worker or assistant at larger sizes).
Job titles present another complication. People in different
locations often have different names for the same job. Conversely,
jobs with the same heading sometimes bear little resemblance to each
other, or their responsibilities overlap with other jobs. These
problems can often be resolved by carefully examining the job
descriptions and qualifications for each position. However, in some
cases where jobs at a particular plant do not fit neatly into the
generalized categories, they have been modified somewhat to conform.
This prevents the list of different job titles from growing endlessly
with each slightly different position name or list of duties. Note
that the job descriptions presented here do not include personnel
required for transporting solid waste to or from the facility (even in
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the transfer station case). It is assumed that this service would be
provided independently.
Job characteristics also tend to vary with the facility size. For
example, at smaller sites people often do more than the one task, such
as the plant manager doubling as a shift foreman or plant engineer. In
the larger plants more job specialization occurs and the duties
associated with a particular job become more routinized and specific.
As a result the responsibilities for a job category can shift somewhat
as the plant size changes. This tendency is incorporated in these job
descriptions. They are intentionally broad and general to encompass
the minor deviations caused by different technologies and different
plant sizes.
This latitude is essential to any potential certification program.
It provides flexibility for coping with the manpower structures of
different solid waste processing facilities. By keeping the job
descriptions broad and limiting the number of job categories, the
process of job classification is simplified and the whole certification
process can be made more efficient.
In the following section, a Table summarizing the job titles and
numbers of workers is presented for each technology. Each Table is
accompanied by job descriptions and suggested minimum qualifications
for the key personnel associated with that approach.
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MASS BURNING SYSTEMS
WATERWALL INCINERATOR FLOW DiAGRAM AND LABOR REQUIREMENTS
JOB TITLE
Adninistrative
Plant Manager
Adninistrative (Accountant, payroll, etc.)
Weigh Clerk/Clerical
Stock Clerk
Secretary/Clerical
Receiving and Processing
Plant Engineer/Operations Supervisor
Shift Forenan*
Control Roan Operator*
Crane Operator’
Boiler Operator’
Inatrunent Technician
Chenist
Tipping Floor Spotter
Driver/Residue Handler
Laborer’
Residue Processing Operator
Maintenance
Maintenance Forenan
Electrician
Velder/Pipefit ter
Machinist
Mechanic, Maintenance
Guard
Helper
NUMBER OF RXERS REQUIRED
600 TPD 1200 TPD 1800 lTD
1 1
1 1
1 2
1 1
2 2
1 7
1 1
4 4
4 4
8 8
4 4
1 1
1 1
2 2
3 4
8 8
4 4
40 41
1 1
2 3
3 4
1 1
4 4
1 1
4 4
16 18
1
1
1
0
4
1
4
4
4
4
1
1
I
3
4
4
31
1
1
1
I
3
I
2
10
45 62 66
* Labor needs for these job categories are based on four shifts per day
operation, with extra workers or assistants available for so job cate-
gories.
Residue to Landfill
To
At onos phe re
TOTAL
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WATERWALL INCINERATOR
LABOR REQUIREMENTS
KEY STAFF POSITIONS
o Responsibility for overall plant
operation, maintenance and ad—
ministration.
o Specific duties may include:
— Work scheduling
— Plant inspections
— Supervision and training
— Public relations
— Biring
— Design changes in facility
operations to improve ef-
ficiency and plant versatility
— Record keeping
— Budgeting and overall cost
accounting
QUALIFICATIONS
o College degree in mechanical
or electrical engineering or
equivalent.
o Experience in administrative!
supervisory capacity at large
thermal power plants or de—
monstraced experience.
Minimum 5 years experience.
o Organizational skill and
experience in supervision of
personnel and administration.
o Working knowledge of local,
state, and Federal regula-
tions.
Plant Engineer/
Operations
Supervisor
ift Foreman
o Replacement of plant manager in
his absence.
o Responsibility for day to day opera-
tion, maintenance and repair of
facility.
o Responsibility for operational train-
ing program.
o Responsibility for environmental com-
pliance and plant safety standards.
o Development of changes in plant
operation to improve efficiency and
plant versatility.
o organizational ability and experience
in personnel supervision.
o Supervision of shift; responsibility
for all work necessary to ensure
smooth operation.
o Specific duties may include:
— Supervision of shift crew
— Recordkeeping for overall
systems operations
— Responsibility for alarms, regu-
lators, and instruments
— Inspection of plant
— Relief of boiler operator/con-
trol room operator if necessary
— Assistance during maintenance,
repairs, and cleaning
— Setting up and implementating
work schedules
o Organizational ability and
experience in personnel
supervision.
o Familiarity with maintenance
and repair of electro-
mechanical plant installa-
tions.
o Experience in engineering
capacity at large thermal
power plants or similiar
incineration facilities.
o Working knowledge of:
— Methods and control8
— Local, State and Federal
regulations
— fligh and low voltage
electric equipment
— Regulating iolid waste
handling
o Trained mechanic and fitter
with qualifying reference.
o Experience in operation and
maintenance of boiler metal—
1st ions.
o Ability to read and interpret
engineering plans and speci-
fications.
o Course work in power plant
operations and maintenance,
or equivalent.
o Basic knowledge of high and
low voltage electric equip-
ment.
JOB TITLE
Plant Manager
EU? IRS
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JOB TITLE DUTIES QUALIFICATIONS
Control Room o Control of automated process using o Trained mechanic or fitter
Operator control room display panel. with qualifying reference.
o Responsibilities may include: 0 Experience in the operation
— Initiation of corrective action and maintenance of boiler
for abnormal conditions installations.
— Responsibility for furnace,
boiler, and pollution equipment
operation
— Regular counication with crane
operator on refuse quality
— Assistance with repairs and
maintenance.
Boiler . o Responsibility for operation of o High school education or
Operator furnace—boiler unit through moni— equivalent.
toring and control of firing rates
and conditions. o Trained mechanic or fitter
with qualifying reference.
o Reaponsiblities may include:
— Adjustment of feed rates, o Experience in operation and
pollution control equipment, maintenance of boiler instal—
steam delivery, and condensate lations.
return
— Monitoring of refuse quality. o Familisrily with Connecticut
— Control of grace function and State Boiler Code.
clinker chute
— Assistance with repairs and
maintenance
— Regular comaunication with crane
operator on refuse quality
— Taking of readings and record
keeping of temperature,
pressure, and water readings
— Assure boiler operation is in ac-
cordance with appropriate statutes.
Crane o Operation of overhead crane and a Knowledge and understanding
Operator charging of furnace, of industrial plant safety
and operating procedures.
o Responsibilities may include:
— Regular contact with shift fore— o Experience in operating over-
man, floorman, and boiler opera— head bridge crane.
tor
— Mixing of refuse in the bunker o Understanding of refuse
— Control and maintenance of crane composition and its effect on
installation according to boiler operating conditions.
instruct tons
— Cleaning of cranes and area o Ability to recognize wastes
— Assistance with repairs and which could cause damage to
maintenance incinerator or boiler.
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JOB TITLE DUTIES QUALIFICATIONS
Chemist o Analysis of all plant influent and o Bachelor’s degree in
effluent water streams. chemistry or equivalent
experience in chemical
o Analysis of boiler feedvater. analysis.
o Reporting of marginal or off—limit o Knowledge of chemical
conditions, analysis techniques and
requirements for analyzing
o Other laboratory work as required. plant’s water supply, water
treatment system, etc.
o Trained mechanic, fitter, or
Maintenance a Supervision and assignment of work electrician with qualifying
Foreman to maintenance crew. reference.
o Regular preventative and corrective o Familiarity with maintenance
maintenance as required for concin— and repair of electro—
uous plant operation, mechanical plant installa-
tions.
o High school education or
equivalent.
Instrument o Maintenance and repair of plant o Ten years of experience pre—
Technician instrumentation and control systems. ferable or demonstrated ex-
perience.
o Troubleshooting in the instruments— o Knowledge and ability to
tion system. repair pneumatic and electric
instrument systems.
o Maintenance of instrument supplies,
spares, and workshop in proper o Special experience with steam
condition, power plant instrumentation.
o Assistance with other maintenance 0 Coursework or experience in
personnel as required. electronics, electrical
engineering or related area
Weigh Clerk/ o Monitoring and recording of all is preferable.
Clerical truck—loaded waste entering and
leaving plant. o Experience at troubleshooting
in instrumentation systems or
o Maintenance of recording of all truck— demonstrated experience.
loaded waste entering and leaving
plant. a License fron State of
Connecticut to operate a
o Maintenance of records for steam platform type scale.
production and clerical tasks as
required. 0 High School education or
equivalent.
o Duties may also include:
o Ability to operate adding
— handling large amounts of money machines and other printing
— receptionist equipment connected with
scale operation.
o Ability to be bonded.
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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
RDF SYSTEMS
RDF FACILITY FLOW DIAGRAM
10
______________ Undersized Materials for Landfill
-- I
Recovery (optional)
I Y I
I I
buation — Residue to Landfill
cbanber
i Air Pollution : . — To At sphere
Control Device
S I
I I
S I
Unloading
and
Storage
Tr sl
Screen
(opti on. 1)
I
Prinary
Shredder
0!
Tisil MI1J
4
Terrous
Racoviry
1
Scrap for Reule
Screen
or
ALT Classif leT
1i ht.
Recovered
Materials for
Resale or
Heavies for
Landfill
Secondary
Shradder
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RDF FACILITY LABOR REQUIREMENTS ii
JOB TITLE NUMBER OF WORKERS REQUIRED
600 TPD 1200 TPD 1800 TPD
Administrative
Plant Manager 1 1 1
Weigh Clerk/Clerical 1 1 2
Bookkeeper/Accountant 1 1 1
Secretary/ReceptiOnist 1 2 2
Stock Clerk 1 2 2
I i
Receiving and Processing
Plant Engineer/Operations Supervisor 1 1 1
Shift Foreman* 2 2 2
Process Operator* 4 5 6
Front Loader Operator* 4 6 7
Traffic Director 1 1 1
Quality Control Technician 1 2 2
Control Room Operator* 2 2 2
Recovery Area Operator* 4 4 4
Refuse Picker 2 4 4
Driver/Residue Handler 4 6 8
Laborer* 4 6 7
Instrument Technician 1 1 1
30 40 45
Maintenance
Maintenance Foreman 2 3 3
Electrician 1 2 2
Mechanic, Welder 1 2 3
Mechanic, Maintenance 2 3 4
Guard 1 1 1
Helper 2 3 5
Machinist 1 2 3
10 16 21
Subtotal 40 63 74
Steam Production Optional
RDF Feed Operator** 4 8 8
Boiler Operator 8 4 4
Electrician/InstrUmentation 1 3 3
Chemist 1 1 1
Driver/Ash residue Handler 3 4 5
Plant Engineer 1 1 1
TOTAL 58 84 96
* Labor needs for these categories are based on two shifts per day opera-
tion with an assistant or relief worker available in the larger facili-
ties.
** Boiler operation is assumed to be continuous,, requiring four shifts per
day for these labor categories. An assistant or relief worker may be ne-
cessary in the larger plants.
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RDF FACILITY LABOR REQUIREMENTS
KEY STAFF POSITIONS
DUTIES
o Responsibility for overall plant
operation, maintenance and ad—
ministration.
o Specific duties may include:
— Work scheduling
— Plant inspections
— Supervision and training
— Public relations
— Hiring
— Design changes in facility
operations to improve ef-
ficiency and plant versatility
— Record keeping
— Budgeting and overall cost
accounting
QUALIFICATIONS
o College Degree in mechanical
or electrical engineering or
equivalent.
o Experience in administratjvef
supervisory capacity at large
processing facilities or
demonstrated experience.
Minimum five years
experience.
o Organizational skill and
experience in supervision of
personnel and administration.
o Working knowledge of local,
state, and Federal
regulations.
Plant Engineer/
Operations
Supervisor
o Replacement of plant manager in
his absence.
o Responsibility for day to day opera-
tion, maintenance and repair of
facility.
o Organizational ability and
experience in personnel
supervision.
o Responsibility for operational
training program.
o Responsibility for environmental com-
pliance and plant safety standards.
o Design of changes in plant operation
to improve efficiency and plant
versatility.
o Familiarity with maintenance
and repair of electro-
mechanical plant installa-
tions.
o Working knowledge of:
— Methods and controls
— Regulating solid waste
handling
— Local, State. and Federal
regulations
— High and low voltage
electric equipment
o (Steam Production Option
Only): Experience in
supervisory capacity at large
thermal power plants or
equivalent.
o (Steam Production Option
Only): Experience in
engineering capacity at large
thermal power plants or
demonstrated experience.
JOB TITLE
Plant Manager
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JOB TITLE
DUTIES
QUALIFICATIONS
Shift Foreman
Weigh Clerk/
Clerical
o Supervision of shift; responsibility
for all work necessary to ensure smooth
operation.
o Specific duties may include:
Supervision of shift crew
— Recordkeeping for overall
systems operations
— Responsibility for alarms, regu-
lators, and instruments
— Inspection of plant
— Relief of process operator/con-
trol room operator if necessary
— Assistance during maintenance,
repairs, and cleaning
— Setting up and implementing
work schedules
o Monitoring and recording of all truck—
loaded waste entering and leaving plant.
o Keeping records and performance of
clerical tasks as requited.
o Tr.ained mechanic with quali-
fying reference.
o Ability to read and interpret
engineering plans and sped—
ficat ions.
o Basic knowledge of high
and low voltage electric
equipment.
o Experience in the
operation of heavy equipment
machinery, conveyors, and
related functions.
o (Steam production option
only): Coureework in power
plant operations end
maintenance or equivalent.
o License from the State of
Connecticut to operate
platform type scale.
o Monitor fuel/materials to market.
o Duties may also include:
— Receptionist
o (Steam production option only):
Maintenance of records for steam
production.
o Monitoring, operation, and
maintenance of processing equipment.
o Duties may include:
— Operation of front end loader
— Preventive maintenance on
equipment
— Relief of other operators
— Assistance with maintenance
and repairs as necessary
— Monitoring equipment to assure
proper operation
o High school education or
equivalent.
o Ability to operate adding
machines and other printing
equipment connected with
scale operation.
o Ability to be bonded.
o Trained mechanic with quali-
fying reference.
o Knowledge and experience in
the operation and mainten-
ance of heavy equipment
machinery.
Control Room
Operator
o Control of automated process using
control room display panel.
o Responsibilities may include:
— Initiation of corrective action
for abnormal conditions
— Assistance with repairs and
meintenance
— (Steam production option only):
Responsibility for furnace, boiler,
and pollution control equipment
o Trained mechanic or fitter
with qualifying reference.
o Experience in the operation
and maintenance of heavy
equipment machinery.
Process C.perator
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Quality Control
Technic ian
Maintenance
Foreman
Instrument
Technician
DUTIES
o SupervisiOn and assistance in the
loading of materials into railcars,
trucks, or containers
o Responsibilities may include:
— Operation of fork lift
— Changing jobs with other
operators on days off
— Performance of maintenance and
repairs as necessary
— Product stream sampling
o Sampling and analysis of product
material to determine quality
o Duties may include:
— Reporting analysis results to
plant manager
— Recoending of process changes to
improve quality or quantity of
product
— Analysis of water effluent
— Analysis of other process control
points
— First aid specialist
— Record keeping on health
matters as required by OSHA
— Performance of laboratory work as
required
o SupervisiOn and assignment of work
to maintenance crew
o Regular preventative and corrective
maintenance as required for contin
uouo plant operation
o Maintenance and repair of plant
instrumentation and control
systems.
o Troubleshooting in the instrumenta-
tion system.
o Maintenance of instrument supplies,
spares, and workshop in proper
condition.
o Assistance with other maintenance
personnel as required.
QUALIFICATIONS
o Knowledge and experience in
the operation and maintenance
of heavy equipment machinery
o Trained mechanic with quali-
fying reference.
o Bachelor’s degree in
chemistry or equivalent
experience in chemical
analysis
o Knowledge of chemical
analysis techniques and
requirements for analyzing
RDF quality, water quality,
etc.
o Knowledge of combustion
chemistry and
thermodynamics.
o Trained mechanic, fitter, or
electrician with qualifying
reference
o Familiarity with maintenance
and repair of electro-
mechanical plant
installations and heavy
equipment machinery
o Ten years of experience
preferable or demonstrated
experience.
o High school education or
equivalent.
o Knowledge and ability to
repair pneumatic and electric
instrument systems.
o Special experience with steam
power plant instrumentation.
o Coursevork or experience in
electronics, electrical
engineering or related area
is preferable.
o Experience at troubleshooting
in instrumentation systems or
demonstrated experience.
JO TITLE
Recovery Area
Operator
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JOB TITLE DUTIES QUALIFICATIONS
Boiler o Responsibility for operation of 0 Trained mechanic or fitter
Operator furnace—boiler unit through with qualifying reference.
(Steam Production monitoring and control of firing
Option Only) rates and conditions. 0 Experience in operation and
maintenance of boiler instal—
o Responsibilities may include: lations.
— Adjustment of feed rates,
pollution control equipment o Working knowledge of Connec—
atean delivery, and condensate ticut State Boiler Code.
return
— Monitoring of refuse quality 0 High school education or
— Control of grate function and equivalent.
clinker chute
— Assistance vith repairs and
maintenance
— Regular communication with crane
operator on refuse quality
— Taking of reading. and record
keeping of temperature,
pressure, and water readings
— Assure boiler operation is in
accordance with appropriate
statutes.
o Bachelor’s degree in
Chemist o Analysis of all plant influent and chemistry or equivalent
(Steam Production effluent water streams, experience in chemical
Option Only) analysis.
o Analysis of boiler feedwater.
o Knowledge of cbemical
o Reporting of marginal or off—Limit analysis techniques and
conditions. requirements for analyzing
plant’s water supply, water
o Other laboratory work as required. treatment system, etc.
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MODULAR CO USTION UNITS
MODULAR INCINERATOR FLOW DLAGRA}1 AND LABOR REQUIREMENTS
NUMBER OF WORKERS REQUIRED
50 TPD 100 TPD 200 TPD
Plant Manager
Weigh Clerk/Clerical
Shift Foreman*
Process Operator*
Relief Loader/Maintenance*
Mechanic, Maintenance
Driver/Ash Handler
Laborer
TOTAL
0.5 1 1
1 1 1
0.5 3 3
3 3 3
1 1 3
1 1 1
1 1 1
I _ .
8 12 14
* Labor needs for these job categories are based on three shift per day
operation with extra operators/loaders for large facilities.
** At 50 TPD the plant manager doubles as the day shift foreman. For the
other tvo shifts the process operator acts as foreman. Because of the
small facility size the third shift would not require a relief loader.
Residue to Landfill Ste
JOB TITLE
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MODULAR INCINERATOR LABOR REQUIRECNTS
KEY STAFF POSITIONS
JOB TITLE DUTIES QUALI FICATIONS
Plant Manager a Responsibility for overall plant o Substantial management and
operation 1 maintenance and supervision experience
admtnistration. (five years or more
preferable) or demonstrated
o Specific duties may include: experience.
— Supervision of shift crew o Technical experience with
— Hiring mechanical equipment or
— Implementation and enforcement demonstrated experience.
of record keeping work schedules,
safety, and maintenance procedures o Ability to operate
— Public relations and maintain incinerators.
— Inspection of plant
— Relief of procees operator o Working knovledge of
— Monitoring incinerator equipment Connecticut State Boiler
to assure maximum efficiency Code.
— Assistance with maintenance and
repairs as necessary
— Budgeting and overall coat
accounting
Weigh Clerk/ o Monitoring and recording of truck— o License from State of
Clerical loaded waste eotering and leaving Connecticut to operate a
plant. platform type scale.
o Maintenance of records for steam o High School education or
production and clerical tasks as equivalent.
required.
o Ability to operate adding
o Duties may also include: machines and other equipment
— handling large counts of ney connected with scale.
— receptionist
o Ability to be bonded.
Process Operator o Operation of equipment to load
incinerator. o Experience in operation and
msintenance of mechanical
o Maintenance of equipment in proper equipment such as front
operating condition. loaders, fork lifta,
incinerator feed equipment,
o Assistance with maintenance and repairs etc.
as necessary.
o Working knowledge of
Connecticut State Boiler
Code.
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JOB TITLE DUTIES QUALIFICATIONS
Shift Forenan o Supervision of shift crew including o Experience in supervison of
maintenance operations. personnel.
o Monitoring of incinerator equipment o Knowledge and experience with
to assure axinu efficiency. heavy equipment machinery
such as front loaders,
o Supervision of handling. storage, backhoea, fork lifts, etc.
and loading of waste.
o Knowledge of boiler
o Starting up or shut: ng down of operations and nainteriance
incinerators as required to maxinize requirenents.
efficiency or in the event of a mal-
function. 0 Ability to operate nd
maintain incinerators.
o Assurance of proper operation of all
equipment. o Working knowledge of
Connecticut State Boiler
o Assistance with maintenance and repairs Code.
as necessary.
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TRANSFER STATIONS
TRANSFER STATION DIAGRAflS AJ D lABOR REQUIRE (ENTS*
KUMBER OF WORXERS RZQUIRED
100 TPD 200 TPD 600 TFD
Manager/Supervisor
Front Loader Operator
Opera t or
Maintenance
TOTAL
1 1 1
0.5
O 5 1 1
3 4 6
* Labor needs are based on one shift per day operation.
19
Packer with Push’Pit
JOB TITLE
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TRANSFER STATION LASOR REQUIREMENTS
KEY STAFF POSITIONS
JOS TITLE DUTIES QUALIFICATIONS
Nanager/ o Responsibility for overall facility o Basic knowledge of hydraulic
Supervisor operation, maintenance, and machinery
administration
o Ability to operate front
o Specific duties may include: loaders and other yard
equipment
— Supervision of shift crew
— Maintain records of system o Experience in the operation
operations and maintenance of hydraulic
— Operation of front end loader, and electrical machinery
backhoe, transfer tractor
— Operation of scale to eright trucks o Experience in supervision of
— Responsibility for and assistance personnel and administration
in maintenance and repair
— Setting up and implementation of o Basic knowledge of hydraulic
work schedule machinery
o Ability to operate front
Operator o Supervision of refuse dumping opera— loaders, backhoea, transfer
tions and maintenance of compactor tractors
equipment
o Experience in the operation
o Specific duties may include: and maintenance of hydraulic
and electrical machinery
— Operation of front loader backhoe,
transfer tractor
— Operation of scale to weigh incoming
trucks
— Maintenance of work area in proper
condition
— Preventive maintenance on compactor
equipment
— Manual labor and assistance with
maintenance and repairs ia necessary
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III. Review of Enabling Legislation and Similar Certification Programs
This section presents a critique of the Connecticut Statutes and
Regulations which authorize a certification program, as well as a brief
summary of three in—state programs which are aimed at insuring that
personnel in industries similar to solid waste management are
qualified. The Connecticut Solid Waste Statutes and Regulations have
been reviewed with the Gordian proposed certification program in mind
(see Section Iv). Even if that particular program is not implemented
it is evident that these laws would benefit from some of the modifica-
tions outlined here.
Connecticut Solid Waste Statutes and Regulations
With regard to establishing an operator certification program, the
following sections of the Connecticut General Statutes were reviewed
for appropriateness and content:
o Sections 19—524a and 524b
Also, the following sections of the Connecticut Solid Waste Regula-
tions were similarly reviewed:
o Sections 19—524—1 through 19—524—14
In general, the statutes do provide the legal framework necessasry
to establish a certification program. Section 524b authorizes the
Commissioner of Environmental Protection (or his authorized agent) to
prohibit the building, establishment or alteration of any solid waste
facility* without his express approval, which is to be conveyed by the
issuance of a permit. Further, the qualifications of any operator(s)
of such a facility are subject to the approval of the CoixEnissioner.
However, with regard to the January 1978 Regulations promulgated
by the DEP, there are some refinements which would eliminate potential
discrepancies. In specific, the following should be considered:
* Section 19—524a(d) — The five tons per year capacity set forth in the
definition of “Solid waste facility” is much too low to be practical —
small apartment buildings could easily fit this definition. A minimum
throughout of five tons per day would be more practical.
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Section 524—2(8) — The definition of “Operator” should be expanded
to include more than just the “individual who is responsible.” As it
reads now, this definition could be interpreted to mean only the plant
manager or even just the facility’s owner. Obviously, this definition
is integral to any subsequent sections of the statute that deal with
operator certification, and therefore, it should be clearly and
thoroughly identified. The definition should include individuals who
are responsible for operating or maintaining equipment or machinery.
Alternatively, a catch—all phrase could be employed, such as “any
individuals holding key positions within the facility’s operation.”
The important idea here is to word the definition so that at least one
“operator” can always be present at the facility when it is in
operation. To that end, Plant Manager, Plant Engineer, and Shift
Foremen, should be specified as a minimum.
Section 19—524—5 — This section is the essence of the legislative
authorization for a certification program. Since “operator” and “solid
waste facility” have already been defined, this section should properly
concentrate on defining the certification process. In Subsection (a),
the allowance for a designee of the certified operator to be present is
an unnecessary loophole which should be eliminated.
Under the program which Gordian proposes in Section IV of this
report, Subsection 19—524—5(b)(2) may be omitted entirely or at most,
modified to indicate that the DEP will require only that the applicant
submit his qualifications for review as part of the certification
process..
To conform with the program which Gordian recommends, Subsection
19—524—5(b)(3), should be changed to read “The DEP shall require appli-
cants for certification to attend a class designed to ensure that the
knowledge of the applicant regarding Federal and State laws and regula-
tions relative to public health, safety, and environmental matters is
adequate.”
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In general, Subsection 19—524—5(b)(4) is adequate as it stands,
except that the wording could be changed to place the emphasis on
knowledge of Federal and State regulations rather than “Solid waste
facilities and their operation”.
Gordian recommends that subsection 19—524—5(b)(5) be changed to
require that operators merely submit a fee to achieve certification
renewal unless there are substantive changes in Federal and State laws,
in which case all certified operators could be required to attend
supplementary courses.
Section 19—524—6(e)(1) — This subsection is unnecessary and
redundant since the requirement has already been established in Section
19—524—5.(a). Similarly, Section 19—524—7(c)(4) is unnecessary.
In su=ary, there is clearly a need for more specifics in Section
19—524—5, especially with regard to who is required to be certified.
It may be appropriate to include a listing of positions (with job
descriptions) requiring certification.
If the certification progr recommended by Gordian is implement-
ed, the additional changes noted above will be necessary in order to
scale down the DEP’s requirements as stated in the existing
regulations.
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Connecticut Waste Water Treatment Plant Operators Certification Program
Under this mandatory program only the operators of waste water
treatment plants are certified by the State. The requirements for cer-
tification vary with the size of the facility. Seven grades or sizes
are distinguished ranging from non—mechanical plants serving 5000 peo-
ple (Grade I) to plants serving more than 200,000 people (Grade VII).
The facility operator is defined as the person in “responsible charge”,
generally referring to the highest ranking person who spends the
majority of his time at the plant.
Certification examinations are given twice a year. Applicants
must submit their qualifications and indicate which grade they are
applying for. To be eligible they must presently be working in a
Conrfecticut waste water treatment plant. The minimum requirements for
each grade are detailed in the regulations; a flexible combination of
education and experience is needed to qualify for the exam. The exams
are given free of charge and test the applicants’ knowledge of all
aspects of waste water treatment for each grade, stressing knowledge of
facility operations, and include multiple choice, essay, and mathma—
tical problems.
Upon passing the exam, applicants are certified for an indefinite
period of tune, provided they continue to work in Connecticut waste
water treatment facilities. A certificate is valid for 2 years after
the operator stops working at a treatment plant. Certificate’s may be
issued to operators who have been certified in other states. Presently
over 800 people are certified operators at one grade or another in
Connecticut.
A six member advisory committee, consisting of educators, repre-
sentatives from the Department of Environmental Protection, and opera-
tors, meets 5—6 times a year to review applicant qualifications, adju-
dicate certification disputes, and grapple with problems as they arise.
The program has run across several problems which might pertain to
solid waste facilities. It should be clearly defined who must be cer-
tified: whether just the person in charge is enough or whether second-
ary positions should also come under the process to ensure that a
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certified operator is on site at all times. An application fee may be
appropriate not only to generate revenues but also to keep people from
applying who are not seriously interested in the process. There is
also a problem of determining what sort of experience is relevant to
the operation of a facility (the advisory committee plays an important
role in this area). Certificate revocation procedures should be clear-
ly laid out to prevent confusion. Finally, whatever certification pro-
cess is chosen, it should mesh with programs in other states to facili-
tate the transfer of certificates from one jurisdiction to another.
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Bridgeport Power Engineer, Boiler Tender, and Water Tender
Licensing Ordinance
This licensing program was established in 1952 to provide some
quality control on the boiler operators in the City of Bridgeport. All
boiler tenders and power engineers operating boilers and related
equipment with more than 15 lbs. gauge pressure or more than 25 horse-
power are required to apply for a license and pass a written test.
Different tests are given to the boiler operators than to the power
engineers. Both exams stress safety procedures and practices although
the power engineer’s test also involves some theoreticaL questions.
Neither test contains questions about the actual operation of different
types of equipment.
The tests are designed, administered, and graded by the Board of
Examiners of Power Engineers, a three member panel appointed by the
Mayor. Tests are given whenever 12 or more applications are received.
For power engineers three classifications are available affecting
the size of the boiler equipment which may be operated. The classifi-
cation awarded to an engineer depends upon his score on the test and/or
an oral test given by the Board of Examiners. An engineer’s classifi-
cation may be upgraded by retaking the test or by otherwise demonstra-
ting his qualifications. Only one classification exists for boiler
tenders.
Licenses are valid for two years and may be renewed without re-
taking the test. The licenses are only valid for the particular plant
or location where the boiler tender or power engineer works. However,
licenses may be transferred if the individual changes jobs or locations.
Enforcement of the licensing ordinance rests with the Fire Depart-
ment and the penalties for non—compliance include fines up to $100 and!
or imprisonment up to thirty days.
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Hartford Steam Boiler Insurance Co. Boiler Operator Testing
In a telephone conversation a spokesman for the Hartford Steam
Boiler Insurance Co. described the extent to which the insurance com-
pany’s inspectors test the abilities and knowledge of boiler operators.
Although not a regimented program the insurance company tries to
informally gauge the quality of the boiler operators to assure that the
equipment is well maintained. When an inspector tours a facility prior
to the issuance of a policy, he interviews the boiler operators, having
them run through the operating procedures. The inspector presents his
opinions in a report filed with the insurance company. If the boiler
operators seem unqualified, the company can recommend that better
trained people be employed. This sort of recommendation is generally
not a requirement for the issuance of an insurance policy and seems to
carry little weight.
As a means of guaranteeing the quality of boiler operators this
program is incomplete in its coverage since not all insurance companies
follow the same practice; it is also informal and inconsistent since the
determination of competency rests solely on the insurance inspectors.
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IV. Proposed Certification Program
General Approach
The goals of a state controlled certification program must be
decided upon before an effective program can be developed and implement-
ed. In the case of a solid waste operators program, there are a number
of possible goals and a corresponding range of appropriate approaches.
The state’s level of involvement can vary from non—intervention in the
workings of the private sector to total regulation of the resource
recovery industry. To realize these various intentions the state can
establish programs ranging from doing nothing to requiring that all
solid waste facility employees be employed by the state. The appropri-
ate role for the state lies within this range. Because the state is not
directly involved in the operation of solid waste facilities it should
not force its way into the operational aspects of the industry but
rather its role should be to act as the protector of public safety and
health. In this way the state will satisfy its need to watch Out for
potentially hazardous situations without trying to involve itself in an
area where it has no experience.
One approach to protecting the public from health and safety
hazards would be to require that all solid waste operators attend a
state sponsored class on regulations affecting solid waste facilities.
The class can be given periodically around the state. It can include
not only discussions of the applicable regulations, but also their
potential impacts on the operation of solid waste facilities. This
approach would guarantee that solid waste facility operators know the
regulations and how to comply with them.
This program could be supplemented by having the state publish the
qualifications for key staff positions set forth in Section II to serve
as guidelines for local officials faced with hiring solid waste facility
staff but who are unfamiliar with solid waste operations.
As part of this study a more comprehensive certification program
has also been considered, similar to the waste water treatment plant
operators certification program described in Section III. This would
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involve testing the operators on their knowledge of the different
operations and equipment used in solid waste processing and disposal.
Qualifications would be scrutinized by a central committee and minimum
experience and educational levels could be set. The goal of this type
of program is to control the quality of the operators to ensure
efficient plant operation as veil as assuring the protection of the
public from health and safety hazards.
Gordian feels the job of staff quality control monitoring is more
appropriate for the local governments or the owner/operators of the
individual facilities. The state should not involve itself in this
area for a variety of reasons. Traditionally, system vendors have
supplied the training for people operating and working in solid waste
facilities. This is appropriate because the vendors are more familiar
with the systems than anyone else. The training they provide is
generally of high quality, especially in the case of full service
systems. But even when other people plan to run a facility, the
vendors train the operators well to insure that the equipment will be
well treated and maintained. The reputation of system vendors rests on
the performance of their equipment, so they have a vital interest in
the quality of the facility personnel.
The state would also have difficulties in adequately testing the
technical abilities and knowledge of solid waste facility operators.
Because of the relatively recent development of resource recovery
systems no well established technologies have gained acceptance. Thus
there are a variety of different technologies each requiring different
operational qualifications or experience. It would be difficult for
the state to amass enough expertise about all these technologies to
reliably determine the qualifications needed to operate them. This
would be a particularly difficult problem in the case of full service
systems where the operators have been trained by and work for the
system vendors.
Legal problems might also be encountered if an individual is
denied certification based on the state’s judgment that he is unqual-
ified, and he challenges that judgment. System vendors might justifi-
ably question the state’s ability to determine the qualifications
needed to operate the vendor’s own systems.
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Finally, there is the matter of the time and money required to
implement the two approaches and the benefits derived from them. The
presentation of a class on an annual or semi—annual basis is clearly
less costly than the establishment of a panel or coission to review
operator qualifications and administer tests.
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Program Description
A description follows of how the certification program might be
structured. The definitions of key words and phrases are important to
include as they prevent misunderstandings. The definitions included
here are based on the Connecticut General Statutes and regulations as
revised in Section III. A discussion of the certification procedures
provides a feeling for how the program might be implemented and
updated. Who must be certified, how it would happen, and the renewal
and revocation procedures are important factors which have to be
spelled out to prevent confusion. The central ingredient in the
program, the class, is also described along with the laws and regula-
tions which should be covered in it.
For the purposes of this study “operator” means the persons who
have responsibility for the operation and maintenance of a solid waste
facility at any time. Using the job categories described in Section
II, the plant manager and plant engineer should be specified as
operators along with the shift foremen, who serve as operators during
the shifts when neither the manager nor engineer were on site. A solid
waste facility always has an operator at the plant while it is
processing waste.
“Solid Waste Facility” is defined as any volume reduction plant or
resource recovery facility in the state of Connecticut which handles
more than 5 tons per day of solid waste.
The certification program will require that a solid waste facility
have at least one certified operator on site during all working hours.
The certification procedure will consist of a class to be attended by
anyone seeking certification. The class will cover the laws and regu-
lations pertinent to solid waste facility operation and maintenance.
It will be offered annually. The commissioner will post notification
of who must be certified, where and when the class is to be held, and
the costs involved. Applicants will have to file an application with
the commissioner not less than one month before the scheduled class and
pay the application fee at that time. A fee of $(to be determined)
will be charged for each application. This fee will help pay the costs
of the teachers, booklets, stafftime, etc.
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Attendance at the one—day class will satisfy all the requirements
for certification. A booklet containing the laws and their major
impacts will be given to each applicant at the class.
Upon completion of the class all attendees will receive a certifi-
cate stating that they are qualified to operate solid waste facilities.
The certificates will be valid for two years. They may be renewed by
sending a $(to be determined) renewal fee to the commissioner’s office.
As noted earlier, class attendance will not be required for renewals
unless there are substantive changes in the laws.
The class will address the laws and regulations affecting the
operation of solid waste facilities. For this purpose the D.E.P. will
have to enlist the cooperation of appropriate state and Federal
agencies so that their representatives will be able to come and discuss
the various regulations. Laws and regulations which should be covered
include:
o Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), a Federal
statute detailing the permissible disposal and handling
practices for solid and hazardous wastes;
o Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA), a Federal law
concerning safety and health practices in industry;
o Connecticut General Statutes Section 19—524a—o and Department
of Environmental Protection regulations Section 19—524—1
through 19—524—14, pertaining to solid waste management;
o Connecticut and/or Federal air pollution laws and regulations;
and
o Any other relevant legislation.
Local ordinances will not be covered as they are too site specific
to be taught on a statewide basis. Local officials will maintain re-
sponsibility for disseminating information about their particular laws.
The emphasis of the class will be on the practical application of
the various laws and regulations, i.e., how the laws affect the actual
operation of the facilities.
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The D.E.P. will have the right to change or add to the contents of
the class as new laws and regulations are promulgated. The new laws
would be incorporated into the class following their implementation and
copies of the laws and their impacts on solid waste facility operations
would be sent to all current certified operators.
The commissioner will be able to revoke the certificate of an
operator, following a hearing before the commissioner or his designated
representative, when it is found that the operator has practiced fraud
or deception; that reasonable care, judgment or the application of his
knowledge or ability was not used in the performance of his duties; or
that the operator is incompetent or unable to properly perform his
duties. Any appeals from the decision of the commissioner will be made
to the court of competent jurisdiction.
In the event that an operator’s job is vacated, and no certified
operators are available to fill it, a non certified operator may take
the position. He will be required to attend the next scheduled certi-
fication class.
The penalty for non—compliance with the provisions of this certi-
fication program will be a fine of not more than $(to be determined).
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V. Conclusions and Recommendations
This report has addressed a broad range of issues relating to the
establishment of a state—wide solid waste facility operator certifica-
tion program in Connecticut. The major conclusions from the discussion
of these issues are summarized below:
o There is a wide variety of solid waste management technologies
available, each of which has substantial labor requirements,
ranging from 15 to 96 personnel, depending on the tonnage
handled. However, most of these personnel are not in positions
that would require certification. Only the plant manager,
plant engineer, shift foremen, and possibly the boiler operators
should be considered candidates for a certification program.
o In view of the minimal potential for impact on equipment or
public welfare, Gordian does not feel that it is appropriate to
include transfer station personnel in a certification program.
o The qualifications for key personnel are difficult to explicit-
ly define due to the wide range of technical approaches associ-
ated with different vendors. Generalized operator qualifica-
tions for key positions need to incorporate flexibility and are
most appropriate as guidelines.
o The existing Connecticut statutes/regulations provide
legislative backing for a certification program; however modi-
fications should be made (as noted in text) in order to better
define the specifics of the program.
o The Wastewater Treatment Plant program provides precedent for a
comprehensive state managed operator certification program.
Although that program appears to be working well, Gordian feels
that it would not be appropriate for solid waste management;
wastewater treatment plants are exclusively publicly—owned and
operated while solid waste facilities are not; consequently,
Gordian feels that some of the problems currently associated
with that approach would be exacerbated if applied to solid
waste management.
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In summary, Gordian recommends that the most appropriate program
for the State of Connecticut to implement would be one that is based on
the following points:
o Published sets of qualifications for key positions in solid
waste facilities to serve as guidelines for local administrators
o Annual (or semi—annual depending on demand) classes designed to
ensure that operators in key positions are familiar with all
relevant Federal and State laws and regulations governing solid
waste management. A test would not be necessasry, but a certi-
ficate would be issued upon completion of the class. The certi-
ficate would be required in order to hold one of the designated
key positions in solid waste management facilities within the
state.
o The certificate would be renewable by sending in a fee unless
significant changes in the laws indicated the need for current
certificate holders to return for a supplementary class.
o Formal state review of qualifications along with technical com-
petency testing was deemed inappropriate. Gordian feels that
the individual system vendors are best equipped to evaluate
operator’s qualifications. Equipment vendors are already
engaged in screening, hiring, and training operators for their
systems, regardless of whether they themselves will own/and or
operate the facility.
The program as outlined above may require some refinement before
actually being implemented. However, Gordian feels that this general
approach is preferred and we hope that the DEP will consider it care-
fully before proceeding.
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APPENDIX A
Background Data for
Labor Requirements
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0
0
0i
0
01
(p
U)
—4
C-)
0
0
1
0)
(0
Size (IPO)
200
krea
501)
500
650
650
9(10
1000
1000
1000
1212)
1800
2000
Source
Raytheai I P. ythem
t w
Milireikee
Raythea
Raythecei
thica
F. 8dd
Brid
Reythecri
Oyster
# of Operating ci(ta
Plant l4zeager
Pleit Engtreer
9uftFonn
1
1
1
Study
1
1
1
1
Study
2
1
1
2
Orleans
2 2
1 1
2 2
Wiscaisin
1
1
2
Study
1
I
1
1
Study
2
1
1
2
- J
I
1
I
1
water
1 1
J
4
port
1
7
Stu y
2
1
I
2
Bay((EA)
2
I
5
Process Operator
3
4
6
6
6
8
2
4
6
12
11
F rrot Eni [ ceder Operator
1’ affic Director
1 t t C1erk/1 rpiit
Qiality C tro1 Tedi.
1
I
1
2
I
1
I
4
1
2
2
2
I
1
9
2
1
2
5
1
4
I
2
1
4
1
I
2
3
1
1
4
1 4
J
I
6
6
3
8
I
2
2
2
C tro1 Roce Operator
I
I
2
1
1
2
2
4
6
2
4
Recowaiy Area Operator
1
3
3
4
7
4
5
S
2
12
8
1
oi1er Operator
RefusePicker
1
4
4
I
4
4
5
7
haxuc Electrical
1 chanic, P intanance
t cMnic,l 1der
2
1
1
1
2
2
I
I
2

3
2
B
J
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
7
3
4
3
15
MamtenaoceForecen
1
I
2
2
2
2
I
15
3
4
Stock ClerIc
1
2
2
2
2
6
I l
21
3
I
Laborer
4
ITradeeHe lper
2
2
3
4
5
I Secretary
0.5
I
1
1
3
2
2
2
4
Jatitor
4
4
I
I
I
I
&dckaeper
0.5
1
1
I
I
1
i
Service Attec tant
—
I
11:JrA1.
19
24
33
20
42
62
41
45
25
51
95
64
51

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Th ,ns
G )
0
0
0
0
0)
m
U,
-4
I-)
Size (TPO)
220
350
tOO
Qi bec
100
900
1000
10(X) 1.! L..
1200
1200
1800
&,jrce
Uppsala,
Knrrieburg,
IleitureJ
u1aga
Sta1n. r1w
0y Ler Bay S&JgUa
St. P it
R)ode Islarri
den
PA
StetIin8euIL,or
C inty
Diaaeldorf
PrayiooaL
Prvpoaal
Propoaal
Pr ea
# of Operating iift.
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
Voffloilera
2
4
3
Plait Halager
Mnin/Ac zn t ant
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I 1
2 I
1
I I
erati41 a SLlperJiJaor/
Plant Engi er
2
1
5
1
1
7
0.5
2
1
1
1
C1erit/S reLaxy
StockClerk
1 ter T tmiciai
2
1 6
J
I
1
1
1
2
3
1
1 2
1 4
1 I
1
1
SuEt Forrean
4
5
‘
‘.
4
4 I 4
troL Roan ( erator
S
4
4
Crm 0perator
3
5
5
4
5
6
5
8
8
6
Boiler Operator
3
5
10
8
16
5
14
12
4
8
Lab/in trunenL T 1i.
1
35
5
1
1
I
0.5
I
1
Tipping Floor Spotter
2
5
3
5
I
2
1
Yard/Reaithje Operator!
Driver
Gi d
Wei i Clerk/Clerical
3
3
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APPENDIX B
Relevant Connecticut Solid Waste
Statutes/Regulations
Gordian Associates Incorporated

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STATE OF CONNECTICUT
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
STATE OFFICE BUILDING HARTFORD. CONNECTICUT 06115
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Connecticut General Statutes
Section l9-52a
Sec. l9 52Lea. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter:
(a) “Commissioner” means the commissioner of environmental protection or his
authorized agent;
(b) “Department” means the department of environmental protection;
(c) “Sc,lid_waste” means useless, unwanted or discarded solid materials, not
excluding semisolid and liquid materials other than sewage collected and treated
in a municipal sewerage system, but shall not include scran materials held for
reuse or resale by a scrap meterials dealer;
Cd) “Solid waste facility” means any solid waste disposal area, volume reduc-
tion plant or resource recovery facility operated by any municipal or regional
authority or any person if such area, plant or facility handles more than five tons
a year of solid waste;
Ce) “Volume reduction plant” means a plant, having the capacity to process in
excess of two thousand pounds per hour of waste material input, which plant is
designed primarily for the purpose of reducing the volume of solid waste which
must finally be disposed of, including but not limited to incinerators, pulverizers,
compactors, shredding and baling, plants, transfer stations, and compost plants or
other plants which accept and process refuse for recycling, reuse and resource
recovery;
(f) “Solid waste disposal area” means the location utilized for ultimate dis-
posal of wastes as approved by the department;
(g) “Recycling” means a method of reducing the volume o4 wastes which results
in the separation, extraction, refinement or utilization of wastes to produce energy
or material which may then be reused in manufacture, agriculture or in other processes
(Ii) “Resource recovery system” means a solid waste management system whir pro-
vides for collection, separation, recycling and recovery of solid wastes, including
disposal of nonrecoverable waste residues;
(i) “Municipality” means any town, city or borough within the state
( ) “Municipal authority” means the local governing body having legal jurisdiction
over solid waste management within its corporate limits;

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(k) “Regional authority” means the administrative body delegated the respon-
sibility of solid waste management for two or more municipalities which have
joined together by creating a district or signing an interlocal agreement or
signing a mutual contract for a definitive period of time;
(1) “Region” means two or more municipalities which have joined together by
creatirPg a district or signing an interlocal agreement or signing a mutual contract
for a definite period of time concerning solid waste Tn nagement within such munici-
palities;
Cm) “Solid waste management plan” means an administrative and financial plan
for an area which considers solid waste storage, collection, transportation, volume
reduction, recycling, reclamation and disposal practices for a twenty-year period,
or extensions thereof;
(n) “Municipal collection” means solid waste collection from all residents
thereof by a municipal authority;
(o) “Contract collection” means collection by a private collector under a for-
mal agreement with a municipal authority in which the rights and duties of the
respective parties are set forth;
(p) “Solid waste planning region” means those municipalities within the defined
boundaries of regional planning agencies or as prescribed in the state solid waste
management plan.
(1971, P.A. 845, S. 1; June, 1971, P.A. 1, S. 5; P.A. 73—646, S. 1.)
Sec. 19—524b. Powers and duties of commissioner re solid waste management.
Qualifications of facility operators. Facility permits and plans. (a) The
commissioner shall administer an d enforce the planning and implementation require-
ments of this chapter. He shall examine all existing or proposed solid waste fa—
cilities and provide for their planning, design, construction and operation in a
manner which ensures against pollution of the waters of the state, prevents the
harboring of vectors, prevents fire and explosion and minimizes the emission of
objectionable odors, dust or other a!r pollutants so that the health, safety, and
welfare of the people of the state shall be safeguarded and enhanced and the natural
resources and environment of the state may be conserved, improved and protected.
The commissioner shall order the alteration, extension, limitation, closure or re-
placement of such facilities whenever necessary to ensure against pollution of the
waters of the state, prevent the harboring of vectors, prevent fire and explosion
hazards and minimize the creation of objectionable odors, dust or other air po1lut nts
so that the health, safety and welfare of the people of the state shall be safeguarded
enhanced and the natural resources and environment of the state may be conserved,
improved and protected provided, before ordering the closure of any solid waste
facility, said commissioner shall provide reasonable alternative facilities for the
users of such facility. In any such order, the commissioner may require the sub-
mission of and compliance with a plan for the design, construction and operation of
such facility in accordance with the provisions of this section.
—2—

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(b) The Qualifications of the operator or operators of any solid waste facility
operated by any municipal or regional authority or any person engaged in owning or
Operating such a facility for business shall be subject to the approval ’ of the
commissioner.
(c) No solid waste facility shall be built, established or altered after July 1.,
1971, until the plan and design and method of operation of the same have been filed
with the department and approved by the commissioner by the issuance of a permit,
provided, nothing in this chapter or in chapter 36Th shall be construed to limit the
right of any local governing body to regulate, through zoning, land usage for solid
waste disposal.
(d) Whenever the commissioner issues a permit for a solid waste disposal area
under this chapter to any person, he shall cause a certified copy thereof to be
filed on the land records in the town wherein the land is located.
Ce) All plans for new solid waste facilities submitted to the commissioner shall
conform with an approved regional plan as soon as such plan is approved by the com-
missioner.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.2; P.A. 73—646, S.2; P.A. 76—25; P.A. 77—221; P.A. 78—67, S.L,2.)
See Sec. 22a—6c.
Sec. 19 —52L&c. Regulations. The commissioner shall promulgate regulations govern-
ing solid waste management, and permits, as provided for in subsection Cc) of section
l9-524b, shall be conditioned upon conformance with such regulations as well as
applicable laws.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.3.)
Cited. 168 C. 278.
Sec. 19-524d. Demonstration resource recovery systems or improved solid waste
facilities. The commissioner may acquire necessary property and equipment, or’ inter-
ests therein, and contract for the construction, including planning and design, and
leasing, operation and maintenance of demonstration resource recovery systems or
improved solid waste facilities, or both, on a local, regional or statewide basis
by private enterprise, a municipality or regional authority.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.5; P.A. 75—303; S.l,2)
Sec. 19_52t4e. Solid waste management plans. (a) The commissioner shall be
responsible for the preparation of a solid waste management plan for each solid
waste planning region of the state not later than July 1, 1973. In carrying out
the preparation of said plans, the commissioner shall, to the maximum extent feasible,
allow the state’s regional planning agencies to prepare such solid waste management
plans. All such plans shall be approved by the department. Not later than July 1,
1975, each municipality shall adopt a regional or a local solid waste management plan
prepared, reviewed and approved in accordance with subsection (b) of this section.
—3—

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(b) Not later than January 1, 1975, each municipality, through a municipal or
regional authority, shall submit (1) a proposed local solid waste management plan;
or (2) a proposed regional solid waste management plan, to the commissioner and
the regional planning agency to whose jurisdiction such municipality is designated
in the state’s solid waste management plan for their review. Such proposed plan
shall be consistent with the provisions of this chapter. If the commissioner finds,
after consui.tation with the appropriate regional planning agency, that such pro-
posed plan is consistent with the provisions of this chapter, the commissioner shall
notify the municipality or regional authority having submitted the plan for review
that such proposed plan is approved. If the commissioner finds after consultation
with the appropriate planning agency that such proposed plan is not in compliance
with the provisions of this chapter, the commissioner shall communicate the exist-
ence and extent of the deficiencies to the municipal or regional. authority which
submitted the plan for review. The municipality, through its municipal or regional
authority, and after consultation with the co rm issioner and the appropriate plan-
ning agency, shall thereafter make such revisions in its proposed plan as may be
necessary to correct the deficiencies enumerated by the commissioner. If the
municipality, through its municipal or regional authority, makes the revisions
required by the commissioner to correct such deficiencies, the commissioner shall
thereafter approve the plan.
(c) The commissioner may from time to time issue guidelines for the purpose
of assisting municipalities in developing solid waste management plans in onform—
ity with the provisions of this chapter.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.6; P.A. 74-276.)
Sec. 19_52t1f. Grants to municipal and regional authorities for plan preparation.
The commissioner shall make grants for providing financial assistance to municipal
and regional authorities for the preparation of solid waste management plan. The
grant to each municipal authority shall equal ten per cent of the nonfederal por-
tion of the cost of preparing the plans. An additional ten per cent shall be paid
for each additional municipality included in the plan but not more than seventy
per cent of the total cost of the nonfederal portion being granted by the commis-
sioner to a regional authority.
(1971, P.A. 845, s.1o.)
Sec. 19—52kg. (Formerly Sec. l9-8’4a). Approval of solid waste disposal contracts.
(a) All contracts made after July 1, 1971, by any city, town, borough or regional
authority with any person, another municipality or regional authority to provide
for collection, transportation, processing, storage and disposal outside of its
boundaries of solid wastes generated within its boundaries, or any of such services,
shaLl. be reviewed and have the approval of the commissioner as conforming to
recognized standards of public health and safety before they can be implemented.
(b) The commissioner shall not approve any such contract unless he finds that
the facility to which the waste is to be transported for processing, storage and
disposal has been issued a permit pursuant to subsection (c) of section 19_52Leb and
has the necessary capacity to accommodate the terms of the contract.
(1969, P.A. 367; 1971, P.A. 845, S.4; P.A. 77—37.)
—4—

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Sec. l9-52’4h. (Formerly Sec. 19-507d). Commissioner to administer and control
funds. The commissioner of environmental protection is designated as the officer
of the state to manage, administer and control funds apnropriated by the general
assembly or authorized by the state bond Commission, and any and all other state
and federal funds made available for carrying out the provisions of this chapter.
•No grant shall be made under this chapter if such grant, together with all grants
awarded prior thereto, exceeds the amount of funds available therefor.
(1969, P.A. 758, S.24; 1971, P.A. 845, S.7; 872, S.j.5.)
Sec. 19-5241. Review of applications for federal funds. The commissioner shall
review all applications for federal funds related to solid waste management prepared
by any municipal or regional authority within the state.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.8.)
Sec. l9-524j. Department to apply for and receive funds. Cooperation and
agreements with federal government. The department is designated as the adminis-
trative agency of the state to apply for and accept any funds or other aid and to
cooperate and enter into contracts and agreements with the federal government
relating to the planning, developing, maintaining and enforcing of the solid waste
program.
(1971, P.A. 645, S.9. )
Sec. lg_52L k. Grants to reduce solid waste volume reduction and disposal oper-
ation costs. The commissioner shall make grants for providing financial aid to
municipal and regional authorities to reduce their solid waste volume reduction
and disposal costs of operation. An annual amount equal to twenty-five cents per
capita shall be paid to a single municipal authority which carries on operations
that comply with e public health code of the state. An additional annual five
cents per capita shall be granted for each municipality in the region up to a maxi-
mum of fifty cents per capita. These funds may be used to hire needed personnel,
purchase equipment and replacement parts, and make any necessary modifications or
repairs to facilities or sites and equipment used in processing and disposal of
solid wastes.
(i 7i, P.A. 845, S.l3)
Sec. 19-5241. (Formerly Sec. l9-507b). State aid to municipal and regional
authorities for volume reduction plants and landfill operations. (a) The commis-
sioner shall make a grant to any municipal or regional authority composed of two
or more municipalities which, after July 1, 1969, constructs a volume reduction
plant. He shall also make grants to any municipal or regional authority which,
after July 1, 1969, rebuilds, reconstructs, redesigns or acquires new machinery,
equipment and or buildings for the primary purpose of reducing, controlling or
eliminating air pollution in connection with waste disposal, including planning and
design. In the case of a municipal or regional authority which, on said date, is in
the process of constructing, rebuilding, reconstructing, redesigning or acquiring
new machinery, equipment or buildings, such grant shall apply only to that part of

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the facility constructed, rebuilt, reconstructed or redesigned, or ntachir ery,
equipment or buildings acquired after said date. If the commissioner has approved
a solid waste management plan for the municipal or regional, authority, the project
shall conform with such plan. The grant under this section shall be subject to the
following conditions: (1) No grant shall be made for any such facility or equip-
ment unless such facility or equipment, and the plans and specifications therefore
are approved by the commissioner and such facility is constructed or such equip-
ment is installed in accordance with a time schedule of the commissioner and sub-
ject to such requirements as the commissioner shall impose. If the commissioner
requires that the facility or equipment be approved by a federal agency, such grant
shall be conditional upon the municipal or regional authority complying with all
of the requirements of such agency; (2) no grant shall be made until the municipal
or regional authority has agreed to pay that part of the total cost of the facility
or equipment in excess of the applicable state and federal grants; (3) as used in
this subdivision, “cost” means the nonfederal portion of the cost of the facility or
equipment or, if there is no grant available under a federal. act, the actual cost
jof the facility or equipment as approved by the commissioner. The grant to a sin-
gle municipality shall equal twenty-five per cent of the cost of such facility or
equipment; an additional ten per cent shall be granted for each additional munici-
pality in ‘the region but not more than sixty-five per cent of the cost of such facU—
ity or equipment; an additional grant of five per cent of the cost of such facility
shall be paid if the municipal or regional authority shall provide for the disposal
of bulky wastes in a manner approved by the commissioner; (U) the grant under tI is
section shall be paid in partial payments as the commissioner shall provide; (5) nc.
grant shall be made unless the municipal or regional authority assures the commissioner
of the proper and efficient operation and maintenance of the facility after construc-
tion; (6) no grant shall be made unless the municipal or regional authority has
filed properly executed forms prescribed by the commissioner and (7) any municipal
or regional authority receiving state or federal grants under this section shall. keep
separate accounts by project for the receipt and disposal of such eligible project
funds.
(b) Subject to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, the commissioner
shall make a grant to any municipal. or regional authority which, after July 1, 1969,
purchases equipment or constructs buildings in conjunction with a sanitary landfill
operation approved by the commissioner. Purchase of equipment or construction of
buildings shall not be undertaken without the prior approval of the commissioner.
(1969, P.A. 758, S.22, 23; 1971, P.A. U83, S.l; 8U5,S.ll; 872, S.13, 1k.)
See Sec. 19-524m.
Sec. 19-524m. (Formerly Sec. 19—508a). Grants to municipal or regional authorities
for improvements of waste disposal facilities. The commissioner shall make a grant
to any municipal or regional authority which, prior to July 1, 1969, constructed a
volume reduction plant or rebuilt, reconstructed, redesigned or acquired new machinery,
equipment or buildings in connection with waste disposal, which grant shall be
twenty-five percent of the principal amount of bond or note obligations of such
municipal or regional authority, issued o finance such construction rebuilding, re-
construction, redesign or acquisition and outstanding on said date, exclusive of
all interest costs and for which grant application is made on an application prescribed
—6—

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by the commissioner. Such grant shall be paid in equal annual instalments at least
thirty days prior to the date the municipal or regional authority is obligated to mak€
payment on such bonds or notes, provided any grant under this section shall be
reduced by any amount payable to such municipality or region under the provisions of
section 19-5241 for the same construction, rebuilding, reconstruction, redesign or
acquisition project, such reduction to be prorated over the period remaining for
the payment of such bonds or notes.
(1969, P.A. 751, S.9; 1971, P.A. 1483, S.2; 845,S. 12; 872,5.18.)
Sec. 19—524n. Municipal provisions for disposal of solid waste. (a) Each munic-
ipal authority shall make provisions for the safe and sanitary disposal of all solid
wastes which are generated within its boundaries, including septic tank pumpings
and solid wastes from commercial and industrial sources but excluding industrial
wastes which are toxic, hazardous to handle or may cause contamination of ground
and surface waters. Such disposal may be in areas within its own boundaries or
arrangements may be made for disposing of these wastes in any other municipality.
The method of disposal of toxic or hazardous wastes shall be approved by the
commissioner. If arrangements are made for transportation of solid wastes to
another municipality or out of the state, the provisions of section 7—161 and section
7—162 shall be complied with. In complying with this section, a municipal authority
may, by action of its legislative body, provide for the levying of a charge for the
disposal of solid wastes brought to the disposal area or areas provided by said
municipal authority, by persons other than those in the employ of the municipality
while in the course of such employment.
(b) Nothing in this section shall be construed to abrogate or in any way inter-
fere with any agreement entered into by any municipal authority with another munici-
pality prior to April 9, 1976.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.114; P.A. 76—34, S. 1—3.)
Cited 168 C. 278. Cited 174 C. 146, 151.
Sec. 19—524o. Contracts with regard to solid waste management. The state, any
municipal or a regional authori-ty may make contracts for the exercise of its corpo-
rate powers with respect to the collection, transportation, volume reduction and
disposal of its solid wastes for a period not exceeding twenty years.
(1971, P.A. 845, S.15.)
—7—

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Department of Environmental Protection
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Solid Waste Management
• • • . . • • • .
• • . . • . • . .
• • . • • S S • •
• C • S S • • • •

areas . . .
waste transfer
• S S I • •
• S S S • •
• S S S S C
• . . • S S
• S S S S •
• . C • • •
19-524— 1
19—524— 2
19-524— 3
19—524- 4
19—524- 5
19-524— 6
Title . . . • . • . . , . . .
Definitions . . . . . , • • •
Public availability of inforDlation
Permits for solid waste facilities
Certification
Management of solid waste disposal
Operation and management of solid
stations . . • . • . . • •
Bulky waste disposal • • • •
Variances • • • . • . • • • •
Violations
Hearings
Closing of solid waste facilities
Contract approval
Operation and management of solid waste resource
recovery facilities • . • • . • . • • • •
• S I S S
• • • 19—524— 7
• • • 19—524— 8
• . • 19-524- 9
• S 5 19—524-10
• • . 19—524—11
• • • 19—524—12
• 5 • 19—524—13
• S
19—524-14
The following regulations are effectjve January 4, 1978

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CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL
j zpARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Solid Waste Management
Sec. 19-524-1. Title
This section shall be known and may be cited as “Solid
Waste Management Regulations.”
Sec. 19.524.2. Definitions
(a) The definitions of terms used in these regulations
shall be consistent with the definitions in Section 19-524a
of the General Statutes.
(b) The following terms not defined in Section 19-524a
are defined as follows:
(1) Xatural Resource Systems means the total system
produced by the interaction or interdependence of the
earth materials, the atmospheric system and the biologic
system for any designated geographic area. These systems
include but are not limited to the characteristics and
behavior of soil, unconsolidated geologic material, bed-
rock, surface water, subsurface water, air, climate, and
the biota.
(2) Ground w iter means water present in the zone of
saturation of an aquifer.
(3) Water table means that surface of a body of uncon-
fined ground water at which the pressure is equal to that
of the atmosphere.
(4) Ma Jrnum high water table means the highest eleva.
tion reached by the upper level of the ground water as
determined by prudent engineering evaluation and in
accordance with test methods acceptable to the Commis-
sioner.
(5) Cover material means soil or other suitable material
used to cover compacted solid waste in a solid waste dis-
posal area. This material shall be classified as GM, silty
gravels, poorly graded gravel-sand-silt mixtures; GC,
elayey gravels, poorly graded gravel-sand-clay mixtures;
SM, silty sands, poorly graded sand-silt mixtures; SC,
clayey sands, poorly graded sand-clay mixtures, ML,
inorganic silts and very fine sands, rock flour, silty or
claycy fine sands with slight plasticity in accordance
with the unified soil classification system
(6) ‘ Vorking face means that portion of the disposal
area where the waste is deposited, spread and compacted
prior to the placement of cover material.
(7) Vector means an insect or rodent or other animal
(not human) which can transmit infectious diseases from
one person or animal to another person or animal.
(8) 0_perator means an individual who
for mainlaining the solid waste disposal area in con-
formance with regulations and permit.
(9) Surface water means the tidal waters, harbors,
estuaries, rivers, brooks, watercourses, waterways, lakes,
ponds, springs, marshes, drainage systems and all other
surfaces, bodies or accumulations of water, natural or
artificial, public, or private which are contained within,
flow through or lorder upon this State or any portion
thereof.
(10) T:-aiisfer station means a solid waste facility that
is a central collection point for the solid waste generated
within a municipality or group of municipalities where
solid wastes received are transferred to a vehicle for
removal to another solid waste facility.
(11) Leachate means that liquid which results from
ground, or surface water which has been in contact with
solid waste and has extracted material, either dissolved
or suspended, from the solid waste
- (]2) Hazardous wastes mean solid and-liquid wastes
in the following classifications:
(a) explosives
(b) pathogenic wastes
(c) radioactive wastes
(d) chemical wastes which either create an immediate
safety hazard to persons disposing of the waste or which
by virtue of their chemistry and/or, the method of dis-
posal present a threat, as determined by the Commis-
sioner, to the quality of ground or surface waters.
(e) hospital operating room wastes.
(13) Bulky waste means landclearing, demolition or
other non-putrescible wastes. The term bulky waste
includes, but is not necessarily limited to, the following:
tires, rubble and stumps, and white goods.
(14) Person means any individual, corporation, part-.
nership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private
institut Ion 1 group, agency, political subdivision of this
State, any other state, the United States, or political sub-
division ot’ agency thereof or any legal successor, rep-
resentative, agency or any agency of the foregoing.
(15) Clean fill means natural soil which is inert in
terms of leaching and does not pose a pollution threat to
ground or surface waters.
(16) Ce’l construction method means the spreading,
compacting and covering daily of solid wastes in areas
which are enclosed by at least three (3) walls or ber’ms
of soil.
Sec. 19-524-3. Public availability of information
(a) Any records, reports or other information obtained
by the Commissioner or any file with the Department
shall, pursuant to the provisions of Section 1-7 through
1-20 of the Connecticut General Statutes, as amended, be
made available to the public. Upon a showing, satisfac-
tory to the Commissioner, by any person that such records,
zeports or other information, or particular parts thereof,
if made public, would divulge methods or processes
entitled to protection as trade secrets of such person, the
Commissioner shall consider such record, report or in.for-
mation, or particular part thereof, confidential, except
that such record, report or information may be disclosed
to other officers, employees, or authorized representatives
of the State concerned with carrying out these regula-
tions or when relevant in any hearing conducted by the
Department of Environmental Protection or in any judi-
cial proceeding, subject to such safeguards as the hearing
officer or presiding judge may impose.
(b) The Commissioner, when he deems it appropriate,
may require any person requesting information under
this se tiQn to pay the cost of reproducing such infor-
mation, -
Sec. 19-524-4. Permits for solid waste facilities
(a) er uits under this regulation shall not be required
for the following facilities:
(1) $olid waste facilities at which less than five (5)
tons per year of solid waste are processed or disposed
of, provided that hazardous or toxic wastes are not dis-
posed of t the area.
(2) Areas for the disposal of clean fill which do not
pollute ground and surface waters of the State of Con-
nect e 4t. -
(b) Application for permits. (1) Any person, mimic-
ipal authority or regional authority that builds, estab-
lishes or alters a solid waste facility after July 1, 1971,
must obtain a permit pursuant to Sections 19-524(b) and
25-54(i), Connecticut General Statutes unless excluded
by Section 19.524-4(a) of these regulations.
(2) Application for each solid waste facility permit
shall be made by the owner or operator of the facility on
forms furnished by the Commissioner. Each application
shall include all information required by the most current
regulatioi or guidelines published by the Department

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regarding such facility; however, nothing in these regu-
lations shall prevent the Commissioner from requesting
additional information concerning an application if he
determines that such additional information is necessary.
(3) For purposes of permit application, the Commis-
sioner shall classify solid waste disposal areas. Such
classification may include, but need not be limited to the
following schenie
(a) Existing oflul waste disposal areas where future
dispocal wilt take plave only in areas where solid waste
had previously been disposed of.
(h) Existing solid waste disposal areas where future
dispn , il will take . place in areas where no solid waste
had previously been disposed of.
(e) New solid waste disposal areas to be permitted
after satisfactory review and approval of an application.
Information required by the Commissioner shall depend
upon the class of the solid waste disposal areas. Such
information shall be outlined iii Guidelines prepared by
the Department.
(4) An application will not he deemed to have been
received by thc Departnu’iit until all papers and docu-
ments required in Support of the ap l)hcatioli hu e been
submitted in proper form. The Department shall deter-
mine within teii (10) working days of receipt of a pre-
pared application whether it is complete and shall so
notify the applicant.
(5) The Commissioner shall inform an applicant of the
decision on the aj plicntio n within sixty (60) days of the
receipt of the application. The Commissioner may, on
notice to the applicant, extend the time for acting on the
application an additional sixty (60) days.
(6) The Commissioner may impose any reasonable con-
ditions upon an approval of a solid waste facility.
(c) Transferability. The holder of a Permit may not
transfer it without prior written permission of the Corn.
missioner.
(ci) Denial or revocation of a permit. (1) A permit
may be denied if the Commissioner determines that:
(a) the engineering information and operation and
management plan submitted by the applicant indicates
that the solid waste facility will not be operated in com-
pliance with applicable statutes or regulations; or
(h) the facility is not consistent with the municipal
or regional authority’s 20 year solid rmistt. management
plan adopted pursuant to Section lO- 52 4e, Connecticut
General Statutes.
(2) Revocation of a permit. A permit may be revoked
or modified for failure to comply with the terms of the
permit or violation of any applicable regulation or statute.
(3) If additional data becomes available which indicates
that the operation and management, and engineering of
the facility as outlined in the original permit and appli-
cation is insufficient to maintain the facility in compliance
with applicable regulations or statutes, the Commissioner
may modify the permit of such facility to assure com-
pliance with regulations and statutes. Any permittee
who had knowledge of such data or information must
inform the Commissioner in writing of such data or infor-
‘nation within thirty (30) days.
(4) Notice of denial, revocation or modification of a
permit shall set forth the reasons for the action taken and
shall be effective as stated therein and shall be considered
an order of the Commissioner for purposes of adminis-
trative appeal under Section 19-524-11 of these 1-egu-
lations.
(5) Publie iiiforniatjon anil iwaring h)roe( 1IIrps. (a) In
all cases where there is a requirement of legal notice, the
Commissio,ie,. shall cause the applicant to Publish at his
own expense all notices of hearings and notices required
by law.
(b) The Commissioner shall inform the public 0!
decisions approving, denying, or conditionally app
any permit. S
(6) Signature. No permit issued under this section shall
be effective until both the applicant or his duly auLhorjz
representative and the Commissioner shall have sigmi j
the permit which signatures shall constitute an agreeme
to abide by the terms and conditions therein.
6ec. 19-524-5. Certification
(a) Certified operator present. An operator certified
by the Commissioner or a esignee o e c e
ator must be present a t e so i was e aci i
during operating hours, except as provided by Section
19.524-5 (c) of these regulations.
(b) Certi cation procedure: (1) Persor,.s desiring to
be certified shall make application with the Commissioner
on forms prqvided by the Commissioner.
(2) Before an applicant is certified, he shall demon-
strate to the Commissioner that he has had su cient train-
ing in solid waste facility operational procedures so that
he will be able to oversee the operation of the solid waste
facility in accordance with applicable State and Federal
laws and regulations. Such training may consist of
on-the-job or classroom instructiou or a combination of
both in solid waste management procedures and public
health an4 safety.
(3) The Department of Environmental Protection shall
administer to applicants for certification an examination
designed to test the knowledge of the applicant regarding
operational procedures of a solid waste facility relative
to public health, safety and environmental matters. Such
examination may be written, oral or performance oriented.
(4) Upon satisfactory fulfillment of the requirements
of these regulations by an applicant, the Commissioner
shall issue a certificate designating his competency and
knowledge of solid waste facilities and their operation.
Certificates shall be valid for a period of two (2) years
from date of issuance. Certificates are revocable, follow-
ing opportunity for hearing, for non-compliance with
State laws and regulations when such non-compliance is
the result of the operator’s action or inaction Revocation
of an operator’s certification shall he considered an order
of the Commissioner for purposes of administrative appeal
under Sectioit 19-524-11 of these regulations.
(5) To renew an operator certificate that has expired,
the operator must have completed an on-going training
course that is pffered by the Department of Environmental
Protection for maintenance of proficiency and renewal
of certificate.
(c) Lose o certified operator. In the event a solid
waste facility’s operator has his certification revoked, it
lapses or time operator leaves for any reason, the facility
shall be considered in compliance with State law and
regulations regarding solid waste facility operator cer-
tification provided that the Department has in writing
an agreement with the owner of operator or permittee of
the facility to send its current operator to the next State-
run course and to have the operator take the next State
Cer ffication examination i ’hen it is administered.
Sec. 19-524.6. Management of solid waste disposal areas
The following standards shall apply to all solid waste
disposal areas.
(a) Protection of ground and surface waters. (1) Mini-
mum Separation from ground waters. A minimum of sixty
(60) inches shell be maintained between the base of depos-
ited solid wa.stes and the maximum high water table or
bedrock unless the perrnittee can establish to the satisfac-
tion of the Commissioner that some lesser separation will
he adequate to insure against contact of solid wastes with
ground water. This provision shall not apply to solid

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1 ste disposal areas subject to existing State solid waste
4 ;ermits which expressly authorize a minimum separation
irorn ground waters oi bedrock of less than sixty (60)
inches, provided that the pcrmittee establishes to the
.ati ’.f:i tzuit or the Commissioner that the continuation
of 5011(1 waste disposal in accordance with such existing
permit will not result in contact of solid waste with
gi utiiid water.
(2) The solid waste disposal area shall be graded
and/or provided with drainage facilities to minimize infil-
tration or rainfall or surface runoff onto the area, to pre.
vent erosion or washing of the area, and to prevent the
collection of standing water on the area. The final sur-
face of the area shall be graded to a slope of at least four
(4) per i c ’nt unless otherwis , authorized by the com-
missioner, an(l time side slopes shall miot exceed n grade
of one (1) on three (3), on, vertical on three horizontal,
unless otherwise authorized by the commissioner.
(3) Flood plains. The deposited solid waste shall be
adequately protected from washout and displacement by
50-year flood waters.
(4) Surface water. Solid waste shall not be deposited
so as to come in contact with surface watercourses. Dis-
posal operations shall be conducted so as to minimize
impact on watercourses. The commissioner shall deter.
mine as required by site conditions if a minimum sep-
aration distance should be maintained.
(5) Erosion control. Siltation or retention basins or
other approved methods of retarding runoff should be
used where necessary to avoid stream siltation or flooding
problems clue to excess runoff.
(6) Wells. A minimum of one thousand (1000) feet
shall be maintained between deposited solid wastes and
wells used for water supply purposes unless the owner
or operator can establish to the satisfaction of the com-
missioner that some lesser separation will be adequate
‘ ci insure against pollution of the waters withdrawn by
from said wells. Nothing in these regulations shall
prevent the commissioner from requiring a greater sep-
aration distance when physical conditions necessitate
such action to insure against pollution of the waters with-
drawn fropi said wells
(b) Access to area: (1) Access roads. All-weather
roads which provide access between public roads or high.
ways and the solid waste disposal area shall be maintained
so as to be passable by all vehicles which utilize the area.
(2) Access to the disposal area shall be controlled to
prevent unauthorized use. Control may be accomplished
through use of appropriate fences, gates and signs.
(c) Fire protection. Appropriate measures shall be
taken to prevent and control fires.
(d) Measuring procedures. Daily records for regional
facilities. Daily records shall be maintained in a manner
acceptable by the commissioner. Such record shall be
available for inspection by representatives of the depart-
ment at any time. Monthly summaries of these records
shalt be submitted to the department no later than ten
(10) days after the last day of each quarter.
e) Certified operators. (1) An operator, certified by
time Conmmissioner in accordance with Section 19.524b(b),
Connecticut General Statutes, or a designee of the certified
operator shall be present at a solid waste disposal area at
nil times during working hours to ensure that operations
arc conducted in conformance with applicable statutes
aiid regulations.
(2) Unloading of solid wastes shall be restricted and
controlled by the operator so as to facilitate the proper
handling of solid wastes. Salvage at the working face
shall be prohibited.
(3) The operator shall maintain a daily log, as pre-
scribed by the Commissioner to record operational infor-
mation.
(f) Working face. (1) Size of working face. The work-
ing face of a solid waste disposal area shall be so confined
as to be easily maintained with the available equipment.
(2) The cell construction method of sanitary landfluing
shall be used Solid waste shall be spread in layers not
to exceed three feet thick while confinir g it to the smallest
practicable area in order to conserve capacity of the solid
waste disposal area, minimize moisture infiltration and
settlement and public health problems. Each individual
cell shall not exceed ten (10) feet in height unless the
owner or operator of such solid waste disposal area can
establish to the satisfaction of the commissioner that
individual cells with a height greater than ten (10) feet
may he utilized without interfering with the safe and
sanitary operation of said disposal area. Cover material
shall be used on each cell according to Section
19-524.6 (i).
(g) Eq ipnent (1) Th equipment used for spreading.
compacting and covering shall be of sufficient size and
number ;p achieve maximum compaction and efficient
operation a recommended by the Commissioner in the
current gtiidelines. -
(2) Equipment maintenance facilities. Provision shall
be made (or ;hc routine operational maintenance of equip-
ment at the solid waste disposal area or elsewhere, and
for the proippt repair or replacement of equipment.
(3) ALter ativc equipment. The owner or operator of
a solid waste disposal area shall establish a contmgency
plan outlining procedures for obtaining alternative equip-
ment or other alternative method of dispo al in the event
of equipment breakdown.
(h) Blowing litter. Blowing litter shall be controlled
by providing fencing near the working area or by the
use of earth banks or natural barriers acceptable to the
Commissioner. Solid wastes shall be unloaded in such
a manner as to minimize scattering. The entire solid
waste disposal area shall be cleared of litter at the end of
each working day.
(i) Cover operations. (1) Cover material. Cover mate-
rial shall be applied and compacted to a minimum thick-
ness of six (6) inches on all exposed wastes by the end
of each working day.
(2) Intermediate cover. On all but the final lift of a
solid waste disposal area, if more than nine months is
expected to elapse before another lift is added, a layer
of suitable intermediate cover material, compacted to a
minimum uniform depth of one (1) foot, shall be placed
on such area and suitable vegetative cover shall be planted
and maintained thereon.
(3) Final cover. A uniform layer of suitable final cover
material compacted to a minimum depth of two (2) feet
shall be placed over the entire surface of each portion of
the final lift not later than one week following the final
placement of solid waste in that portion of the area. Upon
application of final cover, the area shall be regraded to
prevent erosion and ponding, and suitable vegetative
cover shall be planted and maintained thereon.
(i) Vector control. (1) Conditions shall be maintained
that are unfavorable for the harboring, feeding and
breeding of vectors.
(2) Additional means for controlling and exterminating
vectors sha 1 be instituted, whenever necessary in the
judgment of the Commissioner, to prevent the transmis-
sion of disease.
(k) Decomposition gases. Decomposition gases gener-
ated within the solid -aste disposal area shall be con-
trolled, as necessary, to avoid posing hazard to any per.
sons and property and to minimize adverse environmental
effects.
(I) Exclusion. (1) Hazardous wastes and/or Indus-
trial wastes which are toxic, hazardous to handle or may
cause contamination of ground or surface waters shall
be exclude4 from the solid waste disposal area or dma-

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posed of under the direction of the Department of Envi.
ronmental Protection and with written approval from
the Commissioner
(2) Liquid wastes shall be excluded from the solid
waste disposal area or disposed of under the direction
of the Departm(.flt of Envir myncntal Protection and
with tin. Vritt4qt H I proval froiii t ht ( uinni is Joner.
(in) Resource recovery. Materials to be recycled shall
be maintained in a separate area so as not to interfere
with disposal operations. Materials held for reuse or
resale shall_ be adequately screened or removed at fre-
quent intervals.
(11) Within ninety (90) days of completion of con-
struction, the department shall be furnished with a com-
plete set M as-built drawings of the facility.
Sec. 19-524.7. Operation and management of solid waste
transfer Statjo s
(a) An applicant wishing to establish a solid waste
transfer Station must obtain approval of the plans and
specifications from the Department by issuance of a
permit.
(b) An application for a transfer station shall include,
but need not be limited to the following:
(1) An application form as prescribed by the Coni-
missioner.
(2) A Site plan, complete construction plans and speci-
fications of the facility and all appurtenances, and an
operation and mnnagemeiit plan developed in accordance
with applicable guidelines.
(3) A copy of any haul-away contract made by a city,
town, borough or regional authority for collection, trans.
portation, processing, storage and disposal outside its
boundaries of solid wastes generiitej within its bound-
aries in accordance with Section l 9 - 5 24g, Connecticut
General Statutes.
(c) The plans for a transfer station which will operate
for a period greater than two (2) years, submitted pur-
suant to Section 19-524-7(b)(2) shall indicate, at a min-
imum, that the following procedure or practices will be
undertaken:
(1) A si tn shall be posted at the entrance to the opera-
tion, which indicates the Ilanle of the permittec and hours
of use of the operation; penalty for non-authorized U S C;
necessary safety precautions; and any other pertinent
info rmat ion.
(2) A building roofed and enclosed on all sides or
otherwise enclosed to satisfactorily control dust, litter,
and other waste materials shall be provided.
(3) Screening shall be provided for a transfer station
located within 500 fcet of a residence.
(4) The station shall he operated wnkr the close super-
vision of responsible individuals who have been certified
by the Department and who are thoroughly familiar with
the requirement and the operational procedures of the
transfer station.
(5) Access shall be limited to those times that an at-
tendant is on duty.
(6) There shall be no storage of solid waste in the
building or yard for a period greater than 48 (forty.
eight] hours, unless otherwise approved by the com-
missioner.
(7) Unloading of solid waste shall take place only
within the enclosed structure and only in approved des-
ignated areas.
(8) Solid waste shall be confined to the unloading,
loading and handling area.
(9) The transfer station and adjacent area shall be
kept clean and free of litter.
(10) Sewage solids or liquids or other toxic or hazard-
ous wastes in quantities detrimental to the normal opera-
tion of the transfer station shall be excluded
for special handling have been submitt .j to e .
ment and approved in writing.
(11) Dust generated by the unloading of Solid .%
and the operation of the transfer station shall b ,”.
trolled at all times so as to comply with the
Administrative Regulations for the Abatement ot “
Pollution.
(12) Odor resulting from the unloading of solid Wa
and the operation of the transfer station Bhafl be con.
trolled at all times so as to comply with the ftPplicab le
Administrative Regulatjo for the Abatement of AJr
Pollution.
(13) No open burning of solid waste shall be conducted
except upon compliance with Section 19.508.17, Adminja.
trative Regulations for the Abatement of Air Pollution.
(14) Solid waste which is burning or is at a tempera.
ture likely to cause fire or is of a highly flammable or
explosive nature shall not be accepted in the transfer
station.
(15) Equipment shall be provided to control accidental
fires and arrangements made with the local fire protection
agency to Immediately acquire services when needed.
(16) Means shall be provided to control flies, rodents
and other insects or vermin.
(17) Frovision shall be made for the routine opera.
tional maintenance of the transfer station and appurten.
anees.
(18) If for any reason the transfer station is rendered
inoperable, an approved alternative method shall be
available for solid waste processing.
(19) Should plans be made for termination of the oper-
ation of a transfer station, the permittee shall notify the
Department in writing a minimum of 30 days prior to the
proposed termination date and shall submit details of
proposed alternative method for solid waste processing
and disposal or any further information deemed necessary
by the Department.
(20) A minimum of twenty fonr (24) hours storage
capacity shall be provided for solid wastes in stations
which have a design capacity of more than one hundred
(100) ton5 of solid wastes per eight (8) hour day.
(d) Plans for transfer stations which will operate for
a period of less than two (2) years submitted pursuant
to Sectjo 1 9 -524 -7(b) (2) shall contain information the
Commissioner shall prescribe through Guidelines.
(e) Measuring procedures. Daily records for transfer
stations. Daily records shall be maintained of all solid
wastes received at all solid waste transfer stations. The
records shall be maintained in a manner acceptable by
the commissioner. Such records shall be available for
inspection by representatives of the department at any
time. Monthly summaries of these records shall be sub.
mitted to the department no later than ten (10) days
after the last day of each quarter.
(f) Within ninety (90) days of completion of con-
struction, he department shall be furnished with a com-
plete set of as-built drawings of the facility.
Sec. 19.524.8. Bulky waste disposal
(a) Ajiy person wishing to establish a solid waste die-
posal area specifically for bulky wastes, must obtain
approvaj of the plans and specifications from the Depart-
ment by i suance of a permit.
(b) An 4pphicatjon for a bulky waste disposal area shall
include, but need not be limited to the following: -
(1) An application form as prescribed by the Commis-
sioner.
(2) A site plan, complete construction plans and speci-
fications of the facility and all appurtenances, and an
operation and management plan developed in accord-
ance with applicable guidelines.

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1( e) The plans submitted pursuant to Section 19.524.8(b)
,\2) shall indicate, but need not be limited to, that the fol-
lowing procedures or practices shall be undertaken:
(1) Bulky wastes will not be placed so as to contact
with either ground or surface water. A minimum of
twenty-four (24) inches shall be maintained between
the base of deposited bulky wastes and the maximum
high’ water table, unless specifically authorized otherwise
by the commissioner.
(2) .A11 bulky wastes shall be spread and compacted
upon d posit. The working face of the disposal area shall
be so confined as to be easily maintained with available
equipment.
(3) Deposited bulk3- wustes shall be co ered weekly
or at such more frequent intervals as necessary to pre-
vent fires and the barborage and breeding of vectors.
(4) Access to the disposal area shall be controlled to
assure safe and sanitary operation of the facility.
( ) Upon completion of any portion of the operation,
said portion shall be dosed in accordance with Section
19-524.12 of these regulations.
(d) This regulation does not require separate bulky
waste disposal areas to be established. Disposal of bulky
wastes at a site OJ)erated under Sect ion 19- 24-6 of these
regulations must comply with that section.
(e) Within ninety (90) days of completion of construc-
tion, the department shall be furnished with a complete
set of as-built drawings of the facility.
Sec. 19.524.9. Variances
(a) Any owner or operator of a solid waste facility
may apply to the Commissioner for a variance from one
or more of the provisions of these regulations or guide-
lines promulgated hereunder. Variance may be sought
for. design of operation and maintenance procedures
and/or temporary op ’rations.
(b) Requests for variance shall be on forms prescribed
by the Commissioner and shall supply such information as
he requires, including but not limited to:
(1) the nature and location of the solid waste facihty.
(2) the reasons for which the variance is required, in-
cluding the economic, technological and environmental
justification.
(3) a description of interim control measures to be
taken by the facility in lieu of compliance and any P0 5-
sible damages occurring therefrom.
(4) a specific schedule of measures to be taken to
bring the facility into eventual compliance with those
regulations from which the variance is sought.
(5) any other relevant information the commissioner
may require in order to make a determination regarding
the application.
(c) No variance shall be approved unless the applicant
shall establish to the commissioner’s satisfaction that:
(1) Conditions occurring during the period of vari-
ance will protect the public health, the natural resources
and enuironment of the state and control air, water, and
land pollution.
(2 ’ Compliance with the regulation would produce
practical difficulty or hardship without equal or greater
benefits to the publie.
(3) A variance may not 1w granted for a period to
exceed two (2)
(d) In tasking :i determination an granting a variance,
the commissioner shall consider:
(1) the character and degree of injury to or inter-
fererice with safety. health, natural resources and envi-
ronment or the reasonable U S C of property which is
caused or threatened to be caused:
(2) the s cinl antI economic vahn- of th activity for
which the variance is sought:
(3) the nitability of unsuitability of the activity to
the area iii which it is located:
(4) the impracticability, both scientific and economic,
of complying with the regulation from which the vari-
ance is sought.
Sec. 19.524-10. Violations -
(a) No person shall violate or cause the violation of
arty applicable regulation.
(b) Remedies for violations. (1) The Commc-wioner
shall designate employees of the Department of Environ-
mental Protection who shall, acting with or without com-
plaints, conduct investigations and ascertain whether the
Department’s regulations are being complied with.
(2) Whenever these employees determine that any
regulation promulgated by the Commissioner has bean
violated or there has been a failure to comply therewith,
they shall make and serve upon the person or persons
responsibZe or the violations or failure, a written order
specifying the nature of the violation or failure and
affording a ;easonable period of time for its correction.
Nothing herein shall be construed to limit the rights of
the commissioner to proceed with arty other remedies
that he m y deem necessary.
(3) Unless the person or persons on whom an order
has been sel,ved files a written answer thereto with the
Commissioner within the time stated in the order and
requests l earing thereon, in accordance with. Section
19-524-11 such order shall become final and effective.
Sec. 19-524.11. Eearings -
(a) Any person considering himself aggrieved by order
of the Commissioner issued pursuant to Section 19-524b,
Connecticut General Statutes, may file a written answer
and request a hearing in accordance with Section 22a-8-2,
Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies.
(b) Any proceeding wherein a hearing is held shall be
considered a contested case as defined by Section 4-166,
Connecticut General Statutes, and such proceeding shall
conform to the requirements of the Connecticut Admin-
istrative Procedure Act, Section 4-166 et. seq., Connecticut
General Statutes.
Sec. 19-524- 2. Closing of solid waate facilities
(a) If art owner or permittee intends to close a solid
waste disposal facility, he must notify the Commissioner
of his intention to do so at least thirty (30) days prior
to the closing.
(b) When closing a solid waste disposal area, the
regulations governing such closing are 19-524-6(a) (2)
concerning grading and seeding; 19.524-6(i) (3) con-
cerning fin l cover; 19-524-6(j) (2) concerning vector
control and 19-524-6(k) concerning decomposition gases-
(c) The Commissioner may require additional construc-
tion or information submitted, as he deems necessary, to
insure the proper closing of any facility so as to preserve
and protect the natural resources and environment of
the State of Connecticut.
(d) The Commissioner shall inspect or cause to be
inspected a l solid waste facilities that have been cloaed
to determine if the closing is complete. He shaU notify
the o’ ncr of a closed solid waste facility if the closing
is satisfactory and shall order necessary construction 02
other steps o be taken to bring unsatisfactory sites into
compliance with applicable regulations-
(e) Information concerning the use of the site following
closing shall also be submitted to the Commissioner for
his approvaj.
(f) Within ninety (90) days of completion of con-
struction, the department shall be furnished with a com-
plete set ot as-built drawings of the facility.

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Sec. 19.524.13. Contract approval
The operator of any solid waste facility to receive
solid wastes through the provisions of a contract sub-
mittetl to the commissioner for approval pursuant to
section ]9.524g of the Connecticut general statutes shall
submit the following information to the commissioner:
(a) Information to be submitted if the facility is a
disposal area:
(1) Unless previously submitted, a detailed site map
showing the proposed final topography of the site. The
map shall b developed in conformance with the guide-
lines prepared pursuant to section 19-524-4b (3) (c) of
these regulations.
(2) A topographic survey of all permitted areas which
have been filled as of a date no more than six (6) months
prior to the date of Contract execution. The survey maps
shall be developed in conformance with the guidelines
prepared pursuant to section 19-524-4b (3) (c) of these
regulations.
(3) Daily records of all wastes received at the facility
prepared in accordance with section 19-524-6d of these
regulations since the topographic survey was made pur-
suant to section 19.324.13 (a) (2) of these regulations.
(4) Unless previously submitted, all monthly sum-
maries of wastes received from any municipal or other
source which may continue to use the site during any
part of the proposed contract term. If no summaries are
available, copies of contracts, lists of sources and esti-
mates of volumes of all wastes expected to be received
during the life of proposed contract shall be submitted
(5) Any further information deemed by the commis-
sioner to be necessary to determine whether the proposed
contract should be approved.
(b) Information to be submitted if the facility is a
transfer station, resource recovery facility, or other
volume reduction facility:
(1) Daily records of all wastes received at the facility
prepared in accordance with section 19.524-7 (e) if the
facility is a transfer station, and in accordance with
19.524-14 (d) (1) if the facility is a resource recovery
facility.
(2) All information deemed by the commissioner to be
necessary to determine whether the proposed contract
should be approved.
(c) The commissioner may impose any conditions he
deems necessary upon an approval of the contract.
(d) No contract approval shalt be effective until all
contract parties and the commissioner shall have signed
the appproval. Such signatures shall constitute an agree.
ment to abide by the terms and conditions therein.
Sec. 19.524-14. Operation and management of solid
waste resource recovery facilities
(a) Approval of plans and specifications. Any person
wishing to establish a solid waste resource recovery
facility must obtain approval of the plans and specifica-
tions from the department by issuance of a permit.
(b) Application for permits. An application for a
resource recovery facility shall include, but need not be
limited to the following:
(1) An application form as prescribed by the commis-
sioner.
(2) Complete engineering plans, specifications on all
Process equipment, material flow and balance and an
Operational and management plan developed in accord-
ance with applicable guidelines.
•(3) Any additional information requested by the com-
missioner concerning an application which he determines
is necessary.
(c) Plans and specifications. The plans for a resource
recovery facility which will operate for a period greater
than two (2) years, submitted pursuant t j ’
19-524-14 (b) (2) shall indicate, at a minim t °’ .
following procedure or practices will be undertak
(1) A sign shall be posted at the entrance to the ope
ation, which indicates the name of the permjtte
hours of use of the facility; penalty for non.anthoriz
use; necessary safety precautions; Sand any other perti.
neat information.
(2) There shall be no storage of solid waste in the
facility or yard for a period greater than twenty.jou
(24) hours except in the event of an emergency when
the storage will be limited to the design storage capacity.
(3) Unloading of solid waste shall take place only
within the enclosed structure and/or only in approved
designated areas.
(4) Solid waste shall be confined to the unloading,
loathng apd handling area.
(5) The facility and adjacent area shall be kept clean
and free of litter.
(6) Sewage solids or liquids or other toxic or haz-
ardons w4stes as in quantities detrimental to the normal
operation of the resource recovery facility shall be ex-
cluded unless the facility is designed to handle such
materj ls or plans for the special handling have been
submitted to the department and approved in writing.
(7) Dust resulting from the unloading of solid waste
and the operation of the resource recovery facility shall
be controlled at all times so as to comply with the appli.
cable administrative regulations for the abatement of air
pollution.
(8) Odor resulting from the unloading of solid waste
and the operation of the resource recovery facility shall
be controlled at all times so as to comply with the appli-
cable administrative regulations for the abatement of air
pollution.
(9) Equipment shall be provided to control fires and
arrangements made with the local fire protection agency
to immediately acquire services when needed.
(10) The resource recovery facility design and/or
equipment shall provide for explosion protection.
(11) If for any reason the resource recovery facility
is rendered inoperable, an approved alternative method
shall be available for the processing or transfer and dis-
posal of solid waste.
(d) Measuring procedures. (1) Daily records for re-
source recovery facilities. Daily records shall be main-
tained of all solid wastes received at all resource recov-
ery facilities. The records shall be maintained by com-
pleting fQrrns provided by the commissioner. Such
records shall be available for inspection by representa-
tives of the department at any time. Monthly summaries
of these records shall be submitted to the department no
later thani ten (10) days after the last day of each
quarter,
(e) Within ninety (90) days of completion of con-
struction, the department shall be furnished with a com-
plete se of as-built drawings of the facility.
Be it known that the foergoing regulations are amended as here-
inabove stated by the aforesaid agency pursuant to section 19 .524C
of the general statute,, after publication in the Connecticut Law
Journal on September 6, 1977, of the notice of the proposal to
amend such regulations, and the holding of an advertised public
hearing on the 11th day of October, 1977.
Wherefore, the foregoing regulations are hereby amended as here-
Insbo e stated, effecti c when Lied with the Secretary of the etate.
In Watnes4 Whereof: October 24, 1977, Stanley 3. Pa; Conimb-
sioner.

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APPENDIX C
Connecticut Regulations Governing
Was tewater Treatment Plant
Operator Certification
Gordian Associates Incorporated

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Certification of Operator of Wastewater Treatment
Pt tuts
Sietioii I Sections 25-26-7 to 25-26.14, inelusivt. aic
l&vrt•hy repeiled
Sec 2. The regulations go%erning certification of opera-
tors of wastewater treatment plants is amended to add sec-
tions 25-26-15 to 25-26-23 as follows
Sec. 25-26-15. General
Each wastewater treatme’it plant in the state of Connect-
icut classified under section 25-26-22 of these regulations
shall have a qualified v astc ater treatment plant operator
ho shall pu e s a lificaLe of the grade of that plant or
higher The eoInmi ioiier may ‘. aive this re luirenient fcr
certain t -Iwc and sizes of pl,1 11LS These regulation’ av ’
pr rnulgaled under authority of section 7 of Public Act N’.
872 and section 25-26 of the Connecticut General Statu e
Sec. 25-26.16. Definitions
As used in sections 25-26-15 to 25-26.23, inclusive,
(a) “Commissioner” means the cocnnnssioner of environ-
iiieiit.al protection;
(h) “certifie te” means certificate of competency issued
by tlii commissioner stating that the operator has met the
requir ’ments for the specified operator classification ci the
certification pro ra.m,
( Ct “waste ater treatment plant” means the facility or
grunji of units provii lt’ I fur t riat rneiit of astewa ttr
(ii) “wa ’. watf’r troatn eiit plant oporator ” means the
per oIi who lia.s direct repoiisibilitv for the operation of the
wa towater treatment plant,
(i .) “population equi alent.’ means the calculated popula-
tion hich would norina.llv contribute an equal amount of
hi”ehemicaj ox gen demand per day, computed on the basis
of i i o-t enths pounds of five da’., twftntv decrees Centigrade.
biochemical ox’gen demand per capita per day The term
“population” as used hereiii to express strength of waste-
water or pci-sons served by a wastewater treatment works is
eOlLstderc’d to mean “population equivalent”
Sec. 25-26-17. Application for certification
(a) An operator desiring to be certified shall file apphi-
Cation with the conimissioner not later than one month
preceding the date of the examination on an applicatk n
forni pro’. ided by the i’omniissioner.
(b) The commissioner shall review applications and
Supporting (kwIIIliei’its, determine the elighilitv of the
applie;int for the esani1nai m aiid notify him of his status
in writing.
Sec. 25-26-18. Examinations
(a) The commissiotier shall prepare written examinations
to he used in determining kno’.’.le.lge, ability and judgment
of he operatA ra.
l ) l xaiuu iuiat iauus shall 1w lielil at least once annually at
pl u’.’ .tnd i,ui ‘t by the c.mimis.sioncr, with at Icast thirty
da ad ’ .anei’ notice given by the commissioner.
(c) Except in such ca .s c a.s the ooinrnissmuiez- may decide
represent proper cxeeption. , all examinations shall be
ritten. All e\aminatinns shall he graded by the oonwiis-
or by his ‘siguitss, uuil the applicant shall be noti-
fied of the outcome. J’operc will not he returned to the
applicant, hut the results shall be reviewed with a member
of the state department of cnviron.mental protection upon
request by the applicant.
(d) Separate examinations shall be prepared to cover
basic differences in the duties and responsibilities of oper-

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ators. tp s of facilities, . .i ri:itiui,s in wact4’ aler quantity
and qu. I c&iit hi iiie .t I r i’ ilit ‘s dien, and other pcrl I•
n nt iiiaI .N
(e) \lpIle,LIr win. t’:iil tis pa’ . an l\;Lillunatlon 1lII
rerlu. t li. . .iitiiuit mu lii ilm eIIis.nt rei!Iiu.Lrit (h((IImlI I
.\;imiii;t If .lIs i . it iim, so,jn., I : s’ ijic .imt Ii. m l i r fa iltii .
the prevIuIm \.imuuinatimi No lIpl :lIit shall he pirnmitk’il
t4’ .t ke fli,fI t u .n uw . rxain iii;’ I IOILS of tue c une gra.dv
within au eiglut ri month pc ’rIwI
Sec. 25-26.19. Issuance of certificates
(a) Upon sal sfa br) fulfillment b) an applicant of the
requirenients pr tied herein, the eoinmissicjner shall issue
to him a cuitahip eertufitate dc ig matung 1IL competency.
The certifieat e ‘.li:m II intl ica Ic lii class of n-at mont plant
for which time oper:itnr i qualifid The certificate shall i x -
prominent lv ,1i.pI.i . i in tIme office f tIm v. ;e 1 , - a.ter treat-
nmeut plant
(h) ( eri ifi -ii .s ‘ .Ii:ulI lw hl4’ 1 1 1 1.II IPII’ i,imIi - . . .. r.- oket for
cause, replaced ‘x ouie of a highir grade or invalidated
under uhseCti),, Ce) or (ii) of this section
(c) Certifieai - .cli.il! be vilid only so lung as the holder
uses reasonable r.tre. ju.h.rment ,irid application of his
knowledge iii I iii- ti’t hIt Iuuauicr of ins dnt.mc.s. No certificate
shall be valitl if it wa.s ,thta,um. -,I thr ’,igh fraud, deceit or the
submission i ,f 111.14 ( IIT 1tc data oui qii Llili( itiOfl’
(d) The certificates of pciator’. ho terminate their
enipinymeni at a irratnm iit piaumi siijll be alid for two
years afttr sw-li tn ininatioti :iinl thereafter shall automat.
icaU be iii- tlii at ‘ I ( Ipera tor w ii ., certifie;itrs are in
validated riiat— l, issw ,j n - t e rt ilietc’s ol like (-l: sifleat Ion
on presentation of mJ’pi ’’priate proof of eom ln’tenev to the
eolnnuiscionpr Sin -c .ssful ruin plt1 iou of an examination nia
be required at thc ‘Ijsrr ,-i Ion of the ennmnulssioimer
(e) Cert itleatic ma be ussiii’d, it lout exa mination, in
a conuparaitle el:i siticat ion to an r pci-son ho holds a cer-
tificate isqnt t l. :iuiy state, terrutlr or possc sion of the
United tate.s , aum count r • or tine New Euigbmii .l \Vater
[ ‘ollut ion I ‘uit oil i . oeiatiori if iii this u ’ignment of the
COl 11111 i i inc r I In r . in ieintn t,s for ct-rI i ficat ion (,f operators
under which such pei ,ins eerfifieat as issued do not
conflict with the pr i iSiolk- of thesi r-gnlatiorm.
(1) Certifieatns of pruprr -Ia. ’ .ifleat ion m. be issued
without exapinat i ’ i li t , a ji.i — ’mn or oi’cous certified by the
g i eruuing beds- or ow ui’-r to ha c hit-n in responsible charge
of the wasi e t a icr I ri ’. ’ I uncut idaumt pr sYstem on the effective
date of those regulations.
(g) Ceu tifie:m ci issued ‘vithout written examination, ex-
cept (e) ah vt’, shaH he valid only in that plant or system
by which hii, opi-rutor was euiiph.vct! at the time the certifi-
cate was issued.
Sec. 25-26-20. Revocation of certificate
The em .nuinissioupr may revoke the certificate of an oper-
ator, following .8 miring before t In e’qniujssioflei- or his
designate.l n’l)rl-seumt t i e, w lit-ui ii is found that flue operator
has pract irenl fi-,nid or ili-nept inn . that reasonable care, Jii(Itr—
merit or Iii’ ;ippiu . alion ‘if Ii: ’. bn4.w hi ’ig.’ e.r ability ‘ LS
HOt lI 54 i iii il4 !il 1 1 . ,li , , ,,ui,. .1 liu .i iiiui mir that I I.-
ih i-n 14u 1 Is il l i.-ItSI)i-ttIII I., ;iu.pl’i iu-.,i-,.i I .. pI—rIol—ill his
miuties 1 tpiaI ii liii liii 4 1119 5 1 , ,Ii II$ II , . ei ,ii,itssit tici hint)
lii- mach— to ;iuu -t.iirt 1)1 -onllw-I iuii Jiiumsi lii,l.ioui
Sec. 25-26-21 Advisory committee
(a) Tli ( ‘iiIIllflhiLSuc ,,lp-r sh;ill alihilillit .111 :irIvis ,)ry cofli—
mitt-c eoiii ai ’c ,h of .it h-n t si iurs . ’iis us 1oll t -
citnill ho ti ii’i :il. ,i-s i- i-r I ifi . ’I to rlcIlll.i-P—IIe-y u ,nd.r ‘,
visions of this. rigiuhat ions - tu ii slinill In uiie,iihi-u,s of thi.
staff of tl - ili mi tmemit it t ,-umvirotirn, at;il ltrot!e-tiohi whose
regular duties iii olve wasi ‘wa i cr tui-.u tutioni plant li lCViI—
tion oni- shall liohi the pincitliti at cilia-n- city or tnwui
nh;mui;iger, -mt) or tow ii ingini-ir or iuuin,cup:ii director of
public works, or their t-iiiiiv:iltnt and I-mn, shalt be a quali-
fied educator familiar with operator ti .iinhiig.
I) } (i , mu, mi ii, I 01 liii C1’iflhlIIIti m .t mth tin,- is ‘1) 10 1
ut thmi ni-inhit-us Iu-’ ,rn I hi de ;irliini lit ‘i ‘-imvml4 ,mI,mm ,imt_I
j ’r te .t au. sIi.I al m ’uimtei tar . thui y ’ :im Iii,
I pt iii tim. e,usi ‘it It ’ immitm:ml aj ’ç ’ ’lum ’r:m lii .11.. ii n’iiei;nnt
111)11 s’-nt:nI i .i- m mi ii ‘ I til tlit (1h8tlflt’h1’ l.mli iii :,i . ,,I ,mi,
Ii) , 1)111 ym.i r, m i . .1 tI ,- ‘l)(-r;mt ‘ii s sl::l I i i .8 i )il it 4 1 t(,
twim ym-:nrs. tin . tin. (l )eratorc .—iuid tIn l’a - :Iir — hal’ Ii
niiiiiii’iiteil Or Iluiec i_ins
(c) 1’!np ;nd m’ur -o,,mmnmttt-v u.hu:mIl a’: .‘ wmtim,iini rim,—
ptimsatiuui and shall turd-i at tli , mlisermtuoim oh lb , e ’-munis
810118’!
(d ) Time eoinmmtt’-- shall ad is. aii il assist tn, t u’limilis
sioti(-r iii the Humin isten mag of tin- rert ita-at Iou pm - ran
as loliows
(1) Heview the ela.ssulieat ion at ‘he ; asti -’ ti . tnm nt
l)laiits:
(21 cileouragi. otimir ol.-ratou ii audit inn to 1 ISi re
qui red by viii ni’ of thur r isporLsWil itt as opeitlor III (h t!ifC
to bt-coim ie certified,
(3) pronmmote regulam- training hrn,Ic and prograr,s.
(4) review and assist ii , the 1 reparatn’ul of tIme v rmttC i
cxaniinatiuus,
(5) rev ii-w ii vocal inns ‘.1 eort i flc tis
Sec. 25-26-22. Classification of wastewater plants
(a) ‘rh - co lil,inmssiwm l -m- shall, froiui tumume t tunic, i-lr.s.suft
va stew ater I re.t meat plamiLs into categories hased tiC tt p.
an-I coniplex:ty of pint •md the d’sign 1 .puh1tiu!m equi’ -
alont Noi inmallv. ‘lusmtrui pmipnlntinii ‘ uuu ai- ii i slndm 1w
Uft’(l I ti cilsOs tt lu-ri- met uuutl p. mtiI:tt 1011 ha’ not rca-h
cl-sign !‘oPtuI,itmmi liii- • r-4)iLsid( rn!)lc nmimlwi- of : m i’ the
actual population uii;m b - used. lii gelicral. the catcgor.e.c
vi1l be as indic;mteo I in sul isect lulls b i to i li Intel us’vr, a_s
in this sect ion The - ,mmii,miSSiouien nimy ‘iji. . m ’ 1.- inm,
ual pint rts aho t- tin standau-d en’ ‘ ur it mu his ‘I ii ii lull
time (‘ohilpiisltv of pI;.mmt •niud d r.-i of skm’ I I -qlir. toi its
operation are not proporl) accoUllted for iii I il feluowing
eat egormes
( Ii) Gi-mnI ” I l’laiit
(lj l’lauits servimie up to Ii - titunsimmit p npmilatiiiun
Oflipl .i) lug miou :.miucehanciai bn .mlo mr:ml Ii C mt rio it
(C) Grade II Plants
(It Pla lits S rviui till Irr fly.- thousaum .l puptil t aim
(di Grade Ill Plants
I Plants s r tug Ii - .- thousand t flit • u— tI ‘misaim!
populntioui_
(et Grade IV l’lantq
(1) Plants stivii , flIt-eu to tift tlmuusaimd
lion
(f) Grade V Plants
(J, Plants serviii fi ft) th. ’usaii I ii- liii,- mm I:
I housanmi po ul;mt ion
(g) tirade yr P1;ii uic
l’ :iuuts s.u- mim1 ‘iii- iiuuolmi-.i timo:is nil i i I tee
i)ulIi llri -d t b’i’us:n 11(1 nqiulat too
(Ii’ (rad. VII l ’l;mm,t’,
(Ii ll:.mi(s s , me niin. m.. ,m. tIm: ,, itt.. l,mmmult. 1 Ili— cmm.,mu ’n
I) III)ii I: , Itium
Sec. 25-26-23. Qualifications of wastewater treatment
plant operators
(a) ‘J’liere shall In- -ii gi-auJ. s if i .pei i to n-lu
time el.Lsclfmcatmm )ji ..i jl;mmi_s tle_si—rilmr’tl mm ‘I maim
( ,raulc I si ’rtjfi:-d op-rutri l a shall hi- rnn ’cI t’e- ,l .is ‘ ‘ ifl 1
to supi-rvisc opel-at ion of I i-acIe I Id.muIt.s I ri ii II u-i rt ‘fic-l
operators shall i)4 considerid as qualified to supervis.- ,Jr’rna
tirni of tirade 11 [ ‘hauls. etc
(h) tppI icant ’n in mu eia.csmfieatumuis shall turret timi f.nl -
ing geiim’rnl reqimirenients
(I) 1 e in satusfmietan-v phi) sical condition,
(2) •be able to read and write in th English lanpuage:

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(3) produce evidence of sitLsfart(r ’ i’OltiJ)l(tIOfl Of (MIU
eationa?cours .r uvailable anil recogill/( -l by tlit eoiitflhis.
sioner oozi istent with thi’ grade applied foi
(4) be able to naintain desirahh kig ’ . pn l reeords of
operation and maintenance in a treatmi nt orks of a elaasi.
fication consistent with the grade 1 )Iiilid fir,
(5) produce evidence sattsfaeti ’ry to the co llunLssluzler
of ability and experience in h .iridhing mcii and dealing t itli
the public to a degree colisistemit with The requiren1ent of
•the grade applied for;
• (6) produce evidence s itisfaetorv to the ‘nmnntissionerof
(A) Satisfactory moral character; (BI ietegritv, (C)
ability to cooperate with others; tD) mndnstrinusiiess, initia-
tive and judgment to a degree neec iary to secure satkfaic-
tory operating results.
(c) Education may be substituted for a portion of the
experience required in subdivisions (2) to (li). inclusive, of
subseotion (d) to the degree here indicated. Experience, to
be acceptable, .qhall be the result of satoJaetnry aecomimplisli-
nment of work.
(1) For Grade I, no substitution;
(2) for other grades as 1ollo vs, except for the limitation
in subdivisions (2), (3t, (4) and i5) of subsection (d)-
Ez ent of Edvca ton Experience Eqtiivatrnt
Baclieloz’a degree.
In nitary, chemtcal OT public health engulcerizig
In oivii, mechanical or etec rical engineering
In chemistry or bactez &ogy
In other eeids or ac aaeoc&ate degree in the alwno
epeciaiizod a.roa.,
Graduation from high eehcol
(3) Various other eduea.tional ami J experience attain-
ments shall be oonsidered as experience to the tiegree au-
‘Iged proper by the commissinmier.
(d) Operator (rades
(1) Grade I Operator. Applicants for this grade shall
submit satisfactory evidence of at least one years experience
in responsible charge or in operation of a plant in this, or
a higher grade. Educational attainment shall be satisfac-
tory to the commissioner.
(2) Grade 11 Operator: Applicants for this grade shall
ubmit sat Lsfactory evidence of at least two years experience
in responsible charge of a plant in gra’k I or higher, or
two yeara experience in operation of a plant in grade It or
higher; and submit satisfactory evidence of mechanical or
chemical aptitude. Education may be substituted for not
more than one year of experience, subsection (c) nnt vith.
standing.
(3) Grade III Operator: Applicants for this grade shall
pass a grade III examination; and shall submit satisfactory
ovidence of at least three years experience in resporsible
charge of a plant in grad’ II or highrr or three years cx-
l’erie,ie.c in operation iii a pl:iiil in gi.iulr II sir luigin ’r; i L l , ’ 1
havc so uqjiirnl,ui ,i i’sjuiiv li,,t at Ii .ist Is. I Iu;it ol’ ii high
mwhonl graduate wit Ii ti,.rli:iiiei:il or s’lii’uiiiiiil ;i mI ittide
Education ‘may lie substituted for thu mire I bun two
years of experience, subsection (c) notn ithstmtnding.
(4) Grade IV Operator: Applicants for this grade shall
pass a grade IV examination; and shall submit sat cfaetory
evidence of at least five years experience in respomisible
oharge of a plant in grade Ill or higher or sif six years ex-
perience in the operation of a plant i:i gi-ade III or highem
and have an education equivalent at least to that of a hgh
school graduate, with mechnical and chemical aptitude.
Education may he substituted for not more than three years
of experience, subsection (c) notwithstanding
(5) Grade V Operators Applicanti. for this grads shall
pass a grade V examination; amid submit satisfactory evi-
dence of at least six years experience in ivspnni.ible charge
of a plant in grads’ Ill or higher or of at lea.st eight years
exneriemiep in the oiur-tl iu.ii of i ,ln , .t u, ..,‘-,.t , II I . . ,pg .r,,,rs .
and have an erlucat ion al least equivalent to that of a high
school graulnatu ii ithi Jiis ’s ’hI;LIiieaI an’] eheimsical aptitude
J duration ama’. l u ..milo.tilmitett for not more than four years
of oxoerienci’, siihm eet iiii, (c) notwithstanding
(6j ra’l ” VI (1prator Applicants for this grade shall
.1 gr:idt V I u’ allhlmi:iI liii, ,uml snbn,tt tsfiictom ’ cvi—
demis’ of at lea t eight years experience in r ..isonsmliln charge
or a plant in grads ill or higher or of at least ten years ex•
I)eriemieL in the operation of a plant rn grade ii or higher
have a college education witim a bachelor’s degree in one of
the fields br ‘. )iich four or more years of “experience equiv-
alent” is allo’. usl in tzbsectinn (ci, except under thmoss
u ii ucu;il circumstances here sd f-education cf an individual
caii be acctptcd a satisfactory substitute b,.’ the eoinmtq-
.ioimer, and have a high degree of mneehanical and chemical
aptltu(le. Education may be substituted for experience to
the degree indicatel iii subsection (c).
(7) tIrade VII OOL -rlitnrs’ A ppl irants for this grads’
haIl either he certified grade VI operators or have i,assesi
a grads’ V I e a iiiiii:itism , shall submit satisfactory cvi—
lu•nee of sit least I en s’arm; (‘xps’i’ic’ncm’ in responsible
elm rg ” suf a plant in crude Ill or Ii igher or at least twelve
%‘I’:s is e ps’riu’nu-i’ iii I lie oJ)u’riltnin of is crack Ill plant or
higher , shall h u s’ a c’ulkgm ’ educatmois ith a bachelor’s
is’gree iii one oh t hose fiel. Is for ii Imidi four ol mi iorr ‘en rs
of ‘‘s’\ps’t iu ’iiCi’ s qii! :ikrmt’’ is itlluuwesl iii s uhmo’elmnn (e)
u’ e( ’ht those iiimnslu:i! cireumnst:mnees % hers- Felt ’-ed li(’atIflhi
of an individual “au by net ’u’ptscl as a satisfactory sub-
stitute by the esiniIsii uonvr , and hays’ a high degree of
imu’chanieal niid c’lms .m meal apt it title Eslucat ion may be
substituted t’or experience to the degree imiuhicated in sub-
section (e)
(8) Operator.in.Trainimig’
(A) This’ -ommisslc iTWL’ immay jucrnmit .tn applicant for grade
1. 11, or Ill certification as a wasts’water plant operator to
take an exaittinatiun in a given class, if the individual has
.nlrnsittest e’.’ideiis’u’ ( ‘C education or experience in technical
ficlic other than ‘.vaste ater iorks, for the purpose of be-
cooling an operator-in-training.
iB) Prerequisites for examimiatinim, and designation as an
opcrator-in-tramiug are the same as the prerequisites in
graule I, II and Ill e s opt that the experience time iii waste-
water t nrks may be waived.
(C’) Cpon siieeccsfn!Iy passing an esamiiiatiou, the appli-
cant shall be designated as an operator-in-training indicat-
ing that he has technical knowledge in the particular class
for which he was examined amid that lie still be i ued a cer-
tificate upon submission of evidence that he has completed
the experif ace rcquil’einents.
Statement of Purpose: To amend departmental regula-
lions governing certification of operators of wastewater
trentimi’mit plants, in ot-sler to inect the requirvment.s result-
ing fi’n,mi time prswic’mnn of ses’nndnry trontmnemit at all Con-
int’l ir’iil tva ..ls’s ’ .;ilei- I i’e,i(uiim’til iInisLc ii’. zoIdiiiL’ w 110115
- i,-i i
lit’ is kiss.tt us I lint its ,’ I nrs’goutlg rule’s nisil ru’gtmlmi(ion’s cr1’ iu’lopt’’ui
a ns i proiiimilgatsu l Ii)- liii’ un’ii’r’sugiis’si pur’uu;tnt to l’ul,Isr I’.ct 1 50 872
of ths - 1971 rublic . ‘t”t nft.’r publication in the Conn ’tscut Law
Journal on (h’tobcr 17, 1972, of the notis’s’ of the propo cl to adopt
them, the hsol ’ling em nit ts ’l’.s’rts ,”I puislie hearing on Novu’, ,sbor 21,
1072, on Its.’ i u:siss-e thss’senf rinil after -onqs ’l ,’intsoi , of nil ,cie flnt
sssm’.tts’r itre ’ iitPtl sl’rtniiiing to Certification of Operator’s of %Vnstt-
ater Treatmemut PI,intq
in Witneen Whsu’rs’of, J moe lsercuuto 5ct my hand and enl ths
10th slay of Februir , 1074
I)our,LAS M. COSTLE
Coni mUssomier
Apprn ’ .el - Attorney (k”wral, March 29, 1974; Stanuliog L.cgisia’
Is’.s’ tt. ’guslitsnn’s Re s w C’,o,n,nstls’e, May 22. 1974 Rs’es’tvcd nod
fui,’,l “,, ‘ s r,’tur’ , rsf (I . ,’ ‘ . .sntn 1 . . . . . 51 107.1 l ,’IT, .. ’t. , o lu ,, .’ 51 1074
.3 years
4 yoaza
4 3’ctsra
3 years
2 ys ira

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APPENDIX D
City of Bridgeport’s
Power Engineers, Boiler Tenders, or
Water Tenders Licensing Ordinance
Gordian Associates Incorporated

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AN ORDINANCE REVISING THE ORDINANCES
OF THE CITY OF BRIDGEPORT
RELATIVE TO THE LICENSING OF POWER ENGINEERS.
BOILER TENDERS. OR WATER TENDERS.
Be It Ordained by the Common Coun-
cil of the City of Bridgeport.
Section 41-1 Board of Power Engi-
neers. There shall continue to be a board
to be known as the Board of Examiners
of Power Engineers which shall con-
sist of three members, each of whom
shall be a resident of the city and two
of whom shall be practical power en-
gineers having at least ten years’ ex-
perience in the operation of steam
boileis, steam turbines and steam en-
gines Annually during the month of
December the Mayor shall appoint, as
a member of said board for a term of
three years, a person who shall come
within the classification of the member
hose term shall have expired Said
board shall meet at such times as it
may determine or upon the call of its
chairman for the purpose of holding
examinations for the licenses provided
In this ordinance.
Section 41-2 Licenses Required. No
person shall be the engineer of. or shall
have charge of, or operate, or perform
the duties of boiler tender or water
tender for any steam boiler, steam tur-
bine or steam engine operating with
more than fifteen pounds gauge pres-
sure or more than twenty-five horse-
power without having procured a lic-
cense therefor from said board, except
as provided in this ordinance.
Section 41-3 Application for a License.
Application for such license shall be
made to the board upon such forms
as shall be prescribed by it. The appli-
cant shall clearly indicate thereon the
character of the license, for which ap-
plication is made and the maximum
gauge pressure and horsepower of the
apparatus which the applicant intends
to operate under his license In apply-
ing for said license, the applicant may
apply for an interim certificate author-
izing him to act as a power engineer,
boiler tender or water tender in a speci-
fied power plant under supervision as
hereinafter provided in the interim be-
tween such application and the date
upon which the board shall pass upon
his application. No such interim cer-
tificate shaU be issued unless the li-
censed power engineer, boiler tender or
v ater tender under whose supervision
the applicant is to act under said certi-
ficate jo ns in requesting its issuance
Such certificate may be issued by the
board 01 by its chairman when the
board i not in session Under such
certificate, the applicant shall be privi-
leged to act as power engineer, boiler
tender or water tender in a specified
power plant under the supervision of
a licensed power engineer if the ap-
plicant seeks to be licensed as a power
engineer or under the supervision of a
licensed power engineer, boiler tender
or water tender if the applicant seeks
to be licensed as a boiler tender or
water tender. Such certificate shall
expire and be of no effect sixty days
after the date of its issuance or at
such earlier date as the board shall
have passed upon the applicant’s license
application, and shall be surrendered
to the board upon its expiration.
Section 41-4 LIcenses, Issuance and
Renewal. No such license shall be issued
to any person until he shall have been
examined by said board and demon-
strated that he is qualified by training
and experience to be licensed by It.
The examination may include a written
test, oral test, practical test or any
combination of such tests as the board
may determine to be necessary to test
the qualification of applicants.
Although licenses shall not be neces-
sary for the operation of low pressure
boilers, the board shall examine ap-
plicants for low pressure boiler opera-
tor’s license and shall issue licenses
to such applicants as It shall deter-
mine to be qualified to operate steam-
boilers operating with less than fifteen
pounds gauge pressure.
No person shall be eligible for ex-
amination by said board, and no license
shall be issued to any person unless
he shall have attained the age of

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twenty-one years, shall be of temperate
habits, shall be able to read and a rite
the English language and unless he
shall possess the follov ing educational
and experience quali.fications.
(a) To be licensed as a power en-
gizieer, the applicant (1) shall have
served as a Journeyman boiler maker
or machinist engaged in the construc-
tiøn or repair of steam boilers or steam
engines for a period of not less than
four years and shall have had one year’s
experience in the operation and main-
tenance of stationary steam power
plants; or (2) shall have had not less
than two years of study at an engineer-
ing school and one year’s experience
In the operation and maintenance of
stationary steam power plants, or (3
shall possess a power or stationary en-
g neer’ , or marine engineers certificate
issued by the United States or a po er
or stationary engineer’s certificate is-
sued by any State or government sub-
division thereof, or (4 shall have been
employed as a boiler tender or water
tender for not less than three years
and shall have had experience In the
operation and maintenance of boilers
and engines.
(b) To be licensed as a boiler tender
or water tender, the applicant (I) shall
have the foregoing qualifications pro-
vided for the licensing of power en-
gineers; or (2) shall have been em-
ployed as a boiler tender, water tender,
oiler or assistant to a power engineer,
boiler tender or water tender operating
stationary steam plants having In ex-
cess of fifteen pounds gauge pressure
or twenty-five horsepower for a period
of not less than one year; or (3) shall
have had theoretical and practical
training In a technical school for boiler
or water tenders for not less than one
year together with not less than six
months practical experience In the op-
eration of steam boilers,
(C) To be licensed as a low pressure
boiler operator, the applicant (1) shall
have the foregoing qualifications pro-
vided for the licensing of power en-
gineers or boiler or water tenders; or
(2) shall have had at least six months’
experience as a boiler tender or water
tender or as an assistant to a quali-
fied power engineer, boiler tender or
water tender; or (3) shall have had not
less than six months theoretical and
practical training In a technical school
for boiler or water tenders; or (4) shall
have had not less than one year’s ex-
perience in the operation of low pres-
sure boilers.
Section 41-5 License Fees. No appli-
cation for any of the foregoing licenses
shall be received until the applicant
shall have paid to said board for the
use of the City an examination fee of
ten dollars for a power engineer’s ex-
amination, five dollars for a boiler
tender’s or water tender’s exanuriation
and five dollars for a low pressure boiler
operator’s examination, The examina-
tion fee shall not be refunded to any
applicant who fails to pass said exami-
nation or who fails to present himself
for examination at such time within
sixty days of the application as said
board shall assign for the examina-
tion to the applicant Said fee, how-
ever, shall be refunded to the applicant
who Is not examined by the board be-
cause of his failure to meet the quali-
fications requisite for examination. A
like examination fee shall be paid to
the board at the time of filing any sub-
sequent application for a license which
requires an examination by the board
No license shall be Issued by the board
until the following fees have been paid
to It. a fee of five dollars for a power
engineer’s license and a fee of three dol-
lars for a boiler tender’s, water tender’s
or low pressure boiler operator’s license
Any unrevoked license shall be renewed
without examination for a further pen-
od of one year on payment of an an-
nual renewal fee of five dollars for
power engineer and three dollars for
boiler tender, water tenders and low
pressure boiler operators within thirty
days after its expiration The board
may, In its discretion, renew any license
within sixty days after its expiration
provided the applicant Justifies his fail-
ure to renew the same within said thirty
day period Any application for a license
which Is made after a period of sixty
days after the expiration of any former
license possessed by the applicant shall
be treated as a new application. If any
applicant shall fall to pass an examina-
tion, he may re-apply for a license and
to be examined therefor after a lanse
of thIrty days from the date of his
original examination. If an applicant
shall fail to pass an examination a
second or more times, he may not re-
apply for a license and for re-examina-
tion until a lapse of sax months from
the date of the last examination,
Section 41-6 License, Po at I a g of.
Each license shall designate the duties
for which It Is Issued and the maxi-
mum gauge pressure and horsepo er
which the license may operate there-
under. Said license shall be framed and
hung in a conspicuous place in the

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plant, or upon or near the equipment
being operated under said license
Section 41-7 Revocation of License;
Appeal. Said board shall have the
power to revoke any license, upon hear-
ing held after not less than five days
notice to the licensee, if any license
shall have been obtained from the board
through fraud or misrepresentation or
if the holder of the license shall have
been found guilty by the board or by
a court of competent jurisdiction of any
fraud, deceit, gross negligence. incom-
petency or misconduct in his duties
Any person aggrieved by the action of
the board in refusing to grant a license
or in revoking a license issued under
the provisions of this ordinance may
appeal to the Mayor by filing such
appeal with the Mayor within ten days
a,fter receiving notice of such action
from said board and the Mayor shall
thereupon appoint three disinterested
persons who shall be residents of the
city, two of whom shall be practical
power engineers having at least ten
years’ experience in the operation of
steam boilers. steam turbines and en-
gines, who shall meet within one week
following said appointment to examine
the person aggrieved and to confirm
or reverse the decision of said board
If they shall find the applicant qualified
and entitled to the license in question.
then such license shall be issued for-
with. A new license, to replace any
license which has been lost, destroyed.
or mutilated. may be issued subject to
the rules of the board and upon the
payment of two dollars for the same.
Section 41-8 Prohibition Against Un-
licensed Operation. Except as provided
in this ordinance, no owner, lessee.
agent or any other person having con-
trol of any premises shall permit the
control, management or operation of
any boiler, engine or turbine of more
than fifteen pounds gauge pressure or
more than t enty-five horsepower to
be entrusted to any person other than a
power engineer, boiler tender or water
tender licensed hereunder. No engine.
boiler or turbine over one hundred
horsepower shall be operated except by.
or under the supervision of, a power
engineer
Section 41-9 Exceptions. Nothing in
this ordinance shall apply to the opera-
tion of the locomotives of any railroad,
nor to the operation of any steamboat
by persons duly licensed by authority
of the Federal Government.
Section 41-10 Penally. Any person
who shall violate any provision of Sec-
tion 2 or Section 11 of this ordinance
shall be fined not more than one hun-
dred dollars or imprisoned not more
than thirty days or both.
Section 41-11 Enforcement. This or-
dinance shall be enforced by the In-
spector of Combustibles of the Fire
Department.
Section 41-12 Payment of Fees for
Renewals of License of Power Engi-
neers, Boiler Tenders and Water Tend-
e rs serving in the Military or Naval
Forces of the United States. During the
period of time that any power engineer.
boiler tender or water tender shall be
a member of the Military or Naval forces
of the United States no license fee shall
be required to be paid to the city as
provided by ordinance for the renewal
of power engIneer, boiler tender or
water tender licenses of such persons.
If, upon the expiration of any existing
power engineer, boiler tender or water
tender license, it shall appear to the
satisfaction of the Board of Examiners
of Power Engineers that any power
engineer, boiler tender or water tender
is a member of the Military or Naval
Forces of the United States, such li-
censes shall be renewed by said Board
even though no application for such
renewal shall have been made to it.
Adopted December 1, 1952.
Attest:
JOHN M BRANNELLY.
City Clerk.

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