Evaluation of the Control
Strategy for Attainment
of National Ambient Air
Quality Standards for
Total Suspended Particulates
Southern Tier West
AQCR (#164)
Prepared by
Environmental Protection Agency
Region II
Air Branch
August, 1975
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I AQCR Characteristics 1
II Problem Definition 1
III Network Adeguacy 4
IV Data Adequacy 11
V Impacting Sources and Control 11
VI Evaluation of Control Strategy Adequacy 17
VII Conclusions 17
VIII Recommendations 19
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LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
PAGE
Table I - Problem Monitoring Site in Southern 5
Tier West AQCR
Table 2 — Environmental Quality Report 6
Table 3 — Air Quality Status Report 10
Table 4 - Sources Impacting on the Jamestown 13
High School Site
Table 5 - Emission Inventory of Sources Impacting 14
on the Jamestown High School Site
Figure 1 - Map of AQCR’s in New York State 2
Figure 2 - Map of Point Sources and Jamestown High 12
School Monitoring Site
Figure 3 — Trend Line of Combined Index 16
Figure 4 - Graph of Running Annual GeomEtric Mean 18
for Jamestown High Sc ioo1 Site
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I. AQCR Characteristics
The Southern Tier West AQCR is comprised of seven counties in the
southwestern corner of New York State (see Figure 1). Five of these
counties border on the State of Pennsylvania. The area is bounded to
the north by the lake plain of Lake Ontario, to the east by the chan-
nel of Seneca Lake, and to the west by the lake plain of Lake Erie.
The area represents the northern end of the Appalachian Plateau,
which extends to the southwest into Pennsylvania. Its principle cities
include Elmira, Corning and Jamestown. The Bureau of Census estimates
that in 1973, 582,884 persons lived in the AQCR.
The Southern Tier West AQCR is subject to frequent storm passages
and changes of air masses. Consequently, protracted periods of general
poor ventilation are relatively infrequent. However, terrain features
often cause accumulation of pollutants, especially in valley locations.
Greater wind persistence caused by channeled winds and increased fre-
quency of poor ventilation in valley locations may result in elevated
pollutant concentrations from valley sited sources. The dispersion po-
tential of the Jamestown area is influenced by its valley location.
II. Problem Defined
The problem monitoring sites for suspended particulate matter in
the Southern Tier West AQCR are the Jamestown monitor (333320002F01)
which is located at Jamestown High School and the Silver Creek moni-
toring site located in Chautauqua County.
In 1970 the Jamestown monitoring site recorded an annual geo-
metric mean of 72 ug/n1 3 . This value was below the primary National
—l —
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SOUITFIERN TIER WEST CPUM PIG EA T -_._., -,
NEW YORK STATE
Alit QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS
DEPARTMEtII OF ENVIUONMENTAL CONSERVATION
Figure 1
-2--
p C t
FULTQ I
V C) C. A
SULLIVAN
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Ambient Air Quality Standard (NMQS) of 75 ug/m 3 . The second highest
24-hour maximum concentration for 1970 was 168 uglm 3 , which is below
the primary NA.AQS of 260 ug/m 3 but above the secondary standard of
150 uglm 3 . During 1971 and 1972 the second highest 24-hour concen-
trations continued to attain the primary standard and contravene the
secondary standard. During 1973, the annual geometric mean concentra-
tion was 91 ug/m 3 , an increase of 26% over the 1970 value. The second
highest 24-hour concentration remained below the primary standard but
exhibited a 30% increase over the 1970 second highest 24-hour concen-
tration. In 1974, the annual geometric mean declined by 23% from 1973
to 71 ug/m 3 . The second highest 24—hour concentration remained below
the primary standard but above the secondary standard. However, the
second highest 24-hour concentration was reduced by 26% during the
same period. In 1975, the annual geometric mean decreased to 67 ug/m 3 .
The 1975 second highest 24-hour concentration was approximately 175
ug/m 3 which is still above the secondary standard. Table 1 presents
the annual geometric mean and second highest 24-hour concentrations
recorded at the Jamestown High School site.
At the Silver Creek monitoring site in Chautauqua County, a
second highest 24-hour concentration of 390 ug/m 3 was observed during
the first quarter of 1974. The highest 24—tour concentration- recorded six
days later was 718 ug/m 3 . After recording these high concentrations
the operator of the monitoring site noted that the time those concentra-
tions were being recorded, the roof on which the monitor is located was
being resurfaced. Therefore, the operator concluded that these values
were directly related to this resurfacing work and the values recorded
were not representative of ambient air quality concentrations in the area.
-3-
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In 1973 the maximum 24-hour concentration at the Silver Creek site
was 139 ug/rn 3 and the second highest concentration 130 ug/m 3 . Both
of these values are below the national secondary standard of 150 ug/n 3 .
These latter values are more representative of the air quality at Silver
Creek. The annual geometric means for 1973 and 1974 were 50 ug/n1 3 and
51 ug/m 3 respectively. These air quality monitoring values point out
the typical nature of the 24-hour observation made on consecutive sam-
plings in the first quarter of 1974.
A tabulation of air quality concentrations for all monitoring sites
in the AQCR is presented in Ta.ble 2 while Table 3 presents a statistical
evaluation of the monitoring sites.
III. Network Adequacy
The network of monitoring sites for particulate matter is more
than adequate to meet the EPA regulatory requirement of three monitors
as set forth in 40 CFR 51.17.
The Jamestown High School monitoring site was evaluated in May 1975
and it was reported by the Surveillance and Analysis Division that the
site was representative of population exposure to particulate matter as
well as sensitive to emissions from major point sources.
The statistical evaluation pre nted in Table 3 includes a combined
index which describes the overall trend of particulate matter in the AQCR.
This combined index compensates for monitoring stations terminating and
new stations starting during the period of analysis. The trend of this
index is shown in Figure 3. The normalized combined index is the ratio
of the base year (1970) and the periods delineated.
—4-
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Table 1
Ambient Air Quality Data for Particulate Matter
Recorded at the Jamestown High School
Monitorinci Station
Annual Geometric 2nd. Highest 24-hr.
Year Mean (ug/m 3 ) Concentration (ug/m 3 )
1970 72 168
1971 * 167
1972 * 171
1973 91 243
1q74 71 179
1975 67 175**
* Number of samDles not sufficient to meet averaging criteria.
** 99 percentile of Arithmetic Mean used to approximate Second Highest
24-Hour Concentration.
-5—
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Monitoring Station Location
Annual Geonietric Mean (ug/in 3 )
EI’/\ ID 1/
(State ID /1)
County
Municipality
Site Description
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
3301 00001 FOl
(0220-01)
3301 20001 FOl
(0227-01)
Allegany —
Alfred
Rural-Agricultural
—_20_—
23
Alleqany
Friendship
Suburban-Residential
1*
43 -
34
29 —
337280001 FOl
(0228-01)
Allegany
Uel lsvil le
Suburban-Industrial
I
42 t
•
337280002F01
(0228.02)
Allegany
Wel lsville
Suburban-Residential
30
36
330840003 FOl
(0426-01)
Cattaraugus
Cattaraugus
38
I
39
27
22
32 —
Machias Remote 41 I 40 40 32 36
Randolph
Remote
37
1
36
26
21
30
Table 2 Erivi ronmental Qual i Ly Report
t 1 \QCR: SouLhern Tier West (164)
ALtal nu ;nt Date: May 1 P975
rollutant: Total Suspended PartictilaLes
Na Li ona I Aniln ent Air Qual I ty Staitdard
Primary 75 ug/m 3
Secondary 60 ucj/m 3
33084 0003 FOl
(0469-01) Cattaraugus
330840004F0l
(0478-01) Cattarauqus
—6—
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Environmental Quality Report
Table 2
AQCR: Southern Tier West (164)
Attainment Date: hay, 1975
pollutant; Total Suspended Parliculates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Primary 75 U(J/W 3
Secondary 60 ug/m 3
331865001 FOl
(0659-01) —
333320001 Ff1
(0602-04)
333320002F01
(0602-05)
333320003F01
(0602-03)
Chautauqua
Chautauqua
Chautauqua
Jamestown Center
Jamestown Center
Jamestown Center
47 37
30 28
1 67
Monitoring Station Location
Annual Geometric Rean (ug/m 3 )
EPA ID II
(state ID II)
County
Municipality
Site Description
1970
1971
1972
1973
] j4
1975
335020001 FOl
(0401-03)
Cattaraugus
Olean
Center City—Commercial
53
I
48
47
51
41
331 600001 FOl
(0601-02)
Chautauqua
Dunkirk
Center City-Commercial
53
56
71
49
42
42
331 600002F01
(0601-03)
Chautauqua
Dunkirk
Center City-Residential
1*
62
56
52
Chautauqua Ellicott
Suburban-Residential
City-Residential
63
78
83
39
City-Residential
72 I I
City-Commercial
66
60
60
66
71
46
61
91
54
46
—7—
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Table 2 Environmental QualiLy Report
AQCR: Southern Tier tlest (164) Po1lut nt; Tot 1 Suspended Particulates
AtLaininent Date: flay 1 1975 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Priiiiary 75 ug/m 3
Secondary 60 ug/in 3
Monitoring Station Location
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m 3 )
[ PA ID II
(Stdte ID /1)
County
Municipality
Site Description
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
336240001 FOl
(0627-01)
Chautauqua
Silver Creek
Suburban-Residential
1
50
52
331 060002FQ1
(0752-01)
Chemung
Big Flats
Suburban-Industrial
49
—__49
46
45_—
72
35
40
71
43
331 880002F01
(0701-02)
Chemung
Elmira
Center City-Industrial
56
56
73
65
3331 20001 FOl
(0722-01)
Chemung
Horseheads
Suburban—Comerci al
57
61
54
48
-__43
337200001 R I ]
(4821-01) Schuyler Watkins Glen Suburban-Commercial 1* I 46 50
-8-
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Table 2 Environmental Quality Report
AQCR; Southern Tier West (164) ?ollutant; Total Suspeiided Farticulates
ALtain iienL 1) tte: May, 1975 National /\mbieut Air Quality Stdndards
Primary 75 ug/in 3
Secondary 60 ug/m 3
I 1onitoring Station Location
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m 3 )
E A ID II
County
Municipality
Site
Description
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
( Ldte ID
331 320001 FOl
(5001-03)
/)
59
51
Steuben
Corning
Center
City—Commercial
64
74
1
—_74
3331 00001 FOl
(5002-02)
Steuben
t-iornefl
Center
City-Commercial
56
71
69
68
I
333300001 FOl
(5401-03)
Tompkins
Ithaca
Center
City—Commercial
55
57
53
1
I
* I = failed to meet average criteria
** t = station terminated in 1973
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Tab e 3 Air Quality St3tus Report
AQ R: Southern Tier West (164) Pollutant: TSP
Attain tent Date: 1 1ay, 1975
..——-
c t n
—
1975
1074
—_______
1973
1972
——
1971
— —
lflO
1
Conln ent3
Sites ftporting Complele Data
18
18
13
1
(7.7)
10
14
o. (percent) above 75 u /&
0
(0.0)
1
(5.6)
2
(20.0)
0
(0.0)
No. r (percent) above 60 uq/m 3
3
(15.7)
6
(33.3)
4
(30.8)
5
(50.0)
4
(28.6)
. X1I1LUUl uq/ i
71
91
83
78
72
Mi ni•. uin UcJ/ r1 3
20
26
36
47
3/
Corbin: cI mdcx
43.1
51.7
59.3
58.8
54.3
Colbined lnd2x (normalized)
-
79.4
95.2
109.2
108.3
100.0
—10-
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IV. Data Adeguacy
The instruments used to sample particulate matter in the AQCR are
in good condition and satisfactory quality control is assured. During
1971 and 1972 the minimum number of observations necessary for compu-
tation of the annual geometric mean was not collected at the James-
town High School monitoring site.
V. Impacting Sources and Control
rhe Jamestown Hiqh School monitoring site is located in the major
core area of Jamestown. The location of the monitor is shown in Figure
2 along with the major impacting point sources. Table 4 presents a
listing of those sources which impact directly on the Jamestown monitor
along with a description of their characteristics and relative location
to the monitor.
In 1970, the Maddox Table Co. emitted 16.6 tons of particulate
matter. In 1971, the source came into compliance with State require-
ments and reduced its particulate emissions to 16.4 tons/year.
Since 1968, the Jamestown Power and Light Company has operated
electrostatic precipitators (ESP) at 85% efficiency in order to reduce
particulate matter emissions. The source is required to install new
ESP’s by January 1976. These are rated at 99.95% efficiency. Ourinq
1972 the source emitted 1,364 tons of particulate matter. Jhen the
source is in full compliance in 1976 the emissions from this source
will be reduced to 45 tons per year. This represents a 97Y reduction
in emissions from 1972.
—11—
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Table 4
Sources Impacting on Site
ADprox. Stack Distance Direction
Source Height from site from site
1. Crescent Mfa. Company 30 feet 0.7 ml. SE
200 Harrison Street (numerous
Jamestown, New York stacks)
2. AVM Comnany
15 ‘!est 2nd Street
Jamestown, New York 30 feet 0.5 mi. S W
3. Jamestown Light & Power 150 feet 0.7 mi.
Jamestown, New York Twin Stacks
4. Maddox Table Company 100 feet* 450 ft. S
5. Jamestown Iron Foundry Eliminated in 1974
Jamestown, New York
* Stack situated downgrade at an elevation approximately
eaual to hi-vol.
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Table 5
Particulate Matter Emissions for Sources Impacting on
the Jamestown High School Monitor
Emi ssions
(ton s/yr)
Source Location 1972 Controlled % Reduction
Maddox Table 16.4 16.4 0
Company
Crescent Manuf. 200 Harrison Street N/A N/A N/A
Company Jamestown, New York
AVM 15 ‘lest 2nd Street N/A N/A N/A
Company Jamestown, New York
Jamestown Light Jamestown, New York 1,364.0 45.0 97.0
and Power
Jamestown Iron Jamestown, New York 70.0 0 100.0
Foundry 1
Total 1,450.4 61.4 95.0
1 source ceased operation in 1974
-14-
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During 1972 the Jamestown Iron Foundry emitted 70 tons of partic-
ulate matter. The source ceased operation in 1974 to allow for urban
renewal. Emissions from the Crescent Manufacturing Company and the
AVM Company are currently not available. These sources are extremely
small and not expected to have any significant imiact on the monitor-
ing site.
The control strategy selected by the State to reduce particulate
matter emissions in this AQCR is through strict enforcement of the
following state regulations:
1. Part 212 - Processes and Exhaust and/or Ventilation Systems
2. Part 213 - Contaminant Emissions from Ferrous Jobbing
Foundari es
3. Part 215 - Open Fires
4. Part 219 - Incinerators
The elevated 1973 annual geometric mean can be directly attributed
to fugitive dust from an urban renewal project. In the early part of
1973 a large urban renewal demolition project was initiated in James-
town. The project was completed during the first quarter of 1974 and
included the demolition of the Jamestown Iron Foundry. This demolition
and urban renewal activity greatly increased the emission of fugitive
dust in the area. The level of emissions from point sources in the
area has remained constant since 1972 and the 26% increase in annual
geometric mean observed in 1973 was followed by a nearly equal decrease
after completion of the urban renewal and demolition project.
—15—
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Pa 5
Trend Line of Combined Index
Southern Tier West Intrastate AQCR
100
90
80
70
60 ____
Conc
(u g / m 3
50
40
30 -
20
10
0 _ _ I I I I
1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
Year
Fi :: 3
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VI. Evaluation of Control Strategy
The control strategy in this AQCR appears to be adequate to provide
for attainment of both primary and secondary standards for particulate
matter. Past control activities and emissions of area and point sources
can be directly related to: past air quality levels. The adequacy of
the control strategy for attainment of Drirnary standards was verified
by the fact that the Jamestown High School monitoring site attained the
primary standard during 1974. Further emission reductions at the James-
town Power and Light plant will provide for continued reduction in air
quality and provide for attainment of the secondary standard by January
1976.
In 1974, the second highest 24-hour concentration for particulate
matter was 179 ug/m 3 . In order to provide for attainment of the second-
ary standard of 150 ug/m 3 , a 19% reduction in emissions is required.
(% reduction required = 179-150/179-30 x 100 = 19%). Table 5 shows
that a 95% reduction in emissions will be achieved by January 1976.
This will be more than adequate to provide for the attainment of the
secondary standard.
VII. Conclusions
Based on an analysis of the Southern Tier t’Iest AQCR the following
can be concluded:
1 . The primary standard for particulate matter was
attained in 1974. Increased emission reduction will assure attainment
of the primary standard.
2. The secondary standard for particulate matter will probably
-17-
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i 9e I.-)
Running Annual Geometric Mean for
Jamestown High School Monitoring Site
120
110.
100
80 NAAQS
1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
Year
J4
-------
be attained by January 1976 when the Jamestown Power and Light Company
is in full compliance with the applicable state regulation.
VIII. Recommendations
1. The development of an Air Quality Maintenance Plan should
proceed as scheduled to assure continued attainment of standards.
2. The compliance status of the Jamestown Power and Light Co.
should be closely monitored.
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