4>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 1
New England Regional Laboratory
Lexington, MA 02173
July 1980
Air
1979 Annual Report
on Air Quality in
New England
-------
1979 ANNUAL REPORT
ON AIR QUALITY
IN NEW ENGLAND
3uly, 1980
EPA REGION I
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
LEXINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 3
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN TABLE 2 5
TRENDS IN SECOND MAXIMUM DAILY AIR QUALITY 6
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING NATIONAL AIR
QUALITY STANDARDS 4
2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA AND STATIONS THAT
EXCEED NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 6
3 NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING AMBIENT AIR
QUALITY STANDARDS BY AIR QUALITY CONTROL
REGIONS 38
4 STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS 41
5 COMPARISON OF PSI VALUES WITH POLLUTANT
CONCENTRATIONS, DESCRIPTOR WORDS, GENERAL-
IZED HEALTH EFFECTS, AND CAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS 51
-------
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 Air Quality Control Regions 40
2 Trends in Air Quality - Bridgeport, Connecticut 52
3 Trends in Air Quality - Hartford, Connecticut 53
4 Trends in Air Quality - New Haven, Connecticut 54
5 Trends in Air Quality - Bangor, Maine 55
6 Trends in Air Quality - Boston, Massachusetts 56
7 Trends in Air Quality - Springfield, Massachusetts 57
8 Trends in Air Quality - Worcester, Massachusetts 58
9 Trends in Air Quality - Manchester, New Hampshire 59
10 Trends in Air Quality - Providence, Rhode Island 60
11 Trends in Air Quality - Burlington, Vermont 61
-------
1979 ANNUAL REPORT
ON AIR QUALITY IN NEW ENGLAND
This report represents 1979 annual air quality information for all States in
New England. The majority of the data included in this report was submitted to
EPA by the States from their ambient monitoring networks in accordance with 40
CFR 58 .
In addition, data from selected industrial monitors have been included. As
this report is intended to list potential nonattainment areas for planning purposes,
the data used have not been evaluated or verified by EPA. For the areas listed as
nonattainment, the data will require further evaluation by both EPA and the States.
Table 1 shows the number of stations violating the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the total number of stations reporting data during
1979. There were six stations in violation of the 24-hour primary SO 2 standard and
one station in violation of the 3-hour secondary 502 standard. For particulates,
two stations were in violation of the 24-hour primary standard, and thirty-four
stations were in violation of the 24-hour secondary standard. The annual primary
standard was violated at three stations. Thirteen stations were in violation of the
CO S-hour primary standard, and one station was in violation of the 1-hour primary
standard. For ozone there were twenty-three violations of the 1-hour primary
standard. No stations violated the NO 2 annual standard.
Table 2 lists every State site in New England. The information presented
compares the measured values to each NAAQS. The information included is the
number of violations, the maximum and second high values, and the annual means
(geometric mean for TSP, arithmetic mean or average for SO 2 and NO 2 ). Those
stations reporting a maximum above the standards, but a second high below the
standards are included in this table. For intermittent data, an annual mean is not
valid unless there are four valid quarters. To be considered valid, a quarter must
have at least five values, and if any one month is missing, each of the other two
months must have two or more values. For continuous data, 75 percent of the year
must be available to calculate a valid annual average.
-------
Table 3 shows the number of stations violating the NAAQS by Air Quality
Control Region (AQCR), as well as the total number of monitors in each AQCR. A
map delineating the AQCRs in Region I is included at the end of this table
(Figure 1).
Table 4 has been developed to point out areas where emergency episodes are
likely to occur. An air pollution alert (warning or emergency) will be called when
specified pollutant concentrations are reached provided that meteorological
conditions are such that these levels can be expected to persist for 12 hours or
more. In the case of ozone, an alert (warning or emergency) will be called if the
Situation is likely to reoccur within the next 24 hours. Episode levels were reached
or exceeded for particulates at two sites; for CO at five sites; and for ozone at
seven sites.
Following Table 4 are charts listing the 1975 to 1979 Pollutant Standards
Index for four pollutants in the metropolitan areas in New England. The general
terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealthful, very unhealthful
and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be noted that the pollution levels
chosen on the charts represent second maximum daily averages and are not
representative of average population exposure, but rather of the maximum
pollution levels for each year.
—2—
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDSa
Averaging
Time
primaryb
Standards
SecondaryC
Standards
aNational standards other than those based on annual arithmetic means or
means are not to be exceeded more than once per year.
annual geometric
bNationai Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of
safety, to protect the public health.
CNational Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare
from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant.
dReference method as described by the EPA. An “equivalent method” means any method of
sampling and analysis which can be demonstrated to the EPA to have a “consistent relation—
ship to the reference method.”
eGuideline to be used assessing implementation plans.
Referenced
Methods
Pollutant
Sulfur Dioxide
Annual Arithmetic
Mean
80 ug/m 3
(0.03 ppm)
Pararosaniline
Method
24 hours
365 ug/m 3
(0.14 ppm)
Pararosaniline
Method
3 hours
---
1300 ug/m 3
(0.5 ppm)
Pararosaniline
Method
Particulate
Matter
Annual Geometric
Mean
24 hours
3
75 ug/rn
260 ug/m 3
3 e
60 ug/m
150 ug/m 3
High Volume
Sampling Method
High Volume
Sampling Method
Carbon Monoxide
8 hours
1 hour
10 mg/rn 3
(9 ppm)
40 mg/rn 3
(35 ppm)
Same as
Primary Standard
Same as
Primary Standard
Non-Dispersive
Infrared Spectroscop
Non-Dispersive
Infrared Spectroscop
Ozone
(corrected for
NO 2 and SO 2 )
1 hour
235 ug/m 3
(0. 120 ppm)
Same as
Primary Standard
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescent
Method
Hydrocarbons
(corrected for
Methane)
3 hours
3 e
160 ug/m
(0.24 ppm)
Same as
Primary Standarde
Flame Ionization
Detection Using Gas
Chromatography
Nitrogen
Dioxide
Annual Arithmetic
Mean
100 ug/m 3
(0.05 ppm)
Same as
Primary Standard
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
—3—
-------
TABLE 1
Number of Stations Violating
National Ambient Air Quality Standards*
STANDARD
CONN.
MAINE
MASS.
N .H.
R .1.
VT.
SO 2 Annual. Primary
24 HourPrirnary*
3 Hour Secondary*
80
365
1300
ug/m 3
ug/m 3
ug/m 3
0/12
0/12
0/12
0/51
5/51
1/16
0/17
0/17
0/17
0/18
1/18
0/8
0/4
0/4
0/4
0/3
0/3
0/3
Particulates
Annual Primary
24 Hour Primary*
24 Hour Secondary*
75
260
150
ug/rn 3
ug/m 3
ug/m 3
1/37
1/37
7/37
0/69
0/69
14/69
0/41
0/41
6/41
1/28
0/28
4/28
1/12
1/12
1/12
0/11
0/11
2/11
CO 8 Hour Primary*
10
mg/rn 3
4/7
1/2
3/8
4/5
1/2
0/1
1 Hour Primary*
40
mg/rn 3
1/7
0/2
0/8
0/5
0/2
0/1
03 1 Hour Primary*
0.12
ppm
9/9
1/7
12/17
0/4
1/2
0/1
NO 2 Annual Primary
100
ug/m 3
0/20
0/9
0/4
0/13
0/2
-
COMMENTS
x/y: x is the number of stations in violation
y is the total number of stations
— This pollutant is not monitored in the state
* Unless the second highest average exceeds the NAAQS, there is no violation.
—4—
-------
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN TABLE 2
Site ID Site Identification Number
1/ Obs Number of observations
Max 24-Hr 1st Highest value recorded in a 24-hour period
Max 24-Hr 2nd Second highest value recorded in a 24-hour period
Obs >260 Number of observations greater than 260
Obs> 150 Number of observations greater than 150
GSD Geometric standard deviation
Obs> 365 Number of observations greater than 365
Max 3-Hr 1st Highest value recorded in a three-hour period
Max 3-1-Ir 2nd Second highest value recorded in a three-hour period
Obs> 1300 Number of observations greater than 1300
Max 1-Hr 1st Highest value recorded in a one-hour period
Max 1-Hr 2nd Second highest value recorded in a one-hour period
Meth Method used to collect the sample
Obs> 40 Number of observations greater than 40
Max 8-Hr 1st Highest value recorded in an eight-hour period
Max 8-Hr 2nd Second highest value recorded in an eight-hour period
Obs> 10 Number of observations greater than 10
Daily Max 1-Hr 1st Maximum hourly ozone value for a day
Daily Max 1-Hr 2nd Seond maximum hourly ozone value for a day
Daily Max 1-Hr 3rd Third maximum hourly ozone value for a day
Vals> .125 Meas Number of measured values greater than .125
Exp. # of Viol. Number of expected violations
NBR Valid Daily Max Number of valid daily maximum values
Miss. Days Assm.
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (ug/m 3 ) CONNECTICUT
METHOD: Gravimetric, 24-Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-91
Max 24-Hr Obs> Obs> Geometric
Site ID County Address i Obs 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean GSD
070008003F01 Ansonia New Haven Co Martin Bldg. Main St. 115 171 141 1 57 1.5
070028001F03 Berlin Hartford Co Kinsington Fish 59 107 88 31 1.6
070060001F01 Bridgeport Fairfield Co 47 Lyon Terrace 60 138 113 52 1.6
070060123F01 Bridgeport Fairfield Co Halett & Barnum 120 177 157 2 65 1.5
070070001F01 Bristo! Hartford Co City Hall Main St. 58 96 86 42 1.6
070085001F03 Burlington Hartford Co Fish Hatchery 116 79 79 24 1.7
070l75123F01 Danbury Fairfield Co Trailer - Osborn St. 56 163 118 1 55 1.7
070220002F01 East Hartford Hartford Co Hockanum Jr. High 57 105 100 45 1.6
070250123F01 Enfield Hartford Co Kosciuszko Jr. High 59 120 106 41 1.6
070330004F01 Greenwich Fairfield Co Bruce Golf Course 56 107 92 38 1.7
070330008F01 Greenwich Fairfield Co Cos Cob Pumping Station 60 345 272 2 6 69 1.9
070350l23F01 Groton New London Co Griswold State Park 29 96 69 33? 1.8
070380002F02 Haddam Middlesex Co Cty Criminal Jus 60 85 69 32 1.6
070420003F01 Hartford Hartford Co Library Main Street 116 179 154 2 61 1.5
07O420l23F0l Hartford Hartford Co Hartford Trailer 59 138 130 67 1.4
070478001F03 Litchfield Co Litchfield Co Morris Dam 119 100 83 28 1.7
0705l0001F01 Manchester Hartford Co Town Hall Center St. 59 103 98 42 1.5
070540002F0l Meriden New Haven Co Stoddard Building 59 130 125 53 1.5
070540005F01 Meriden New Haven Co Cherniak Electric 60 292 170 1 3 56 1.8
070570003F01 Middletown Middlesex Co City Hall Main St. 59 119 107 50 1.6
070590002F01 Milford New Haven Co Devon Grammar School 60 217 130 1 52 1.6
070660001F01 Naugatuck New Haven Co Town Hall Church St. 60 lii 107 47 1.6
07068Ol23FOl New Britain Hartford Co Lake St. and Lenox Place 110 142 115 47 1.5
070700002F01 New Haven New Haven Co Clinton Ave. School 57 158 128 56? 1.6
070700l23F01 New Haven New Haven Co 677 State St. 119 251 167 4 79 1.5
070820005F0l Norwalk Fairfield Co 137 East Ave. 116 148 125 57 1.5
070840001F01 Norwich New London Co Cisco Building Main St. 58 119 91 45 1.5
07085000lF0l Old Saybrook Middlesex Co Old Toll House 49 179 126 1 52? 1.6
07l080007F0l Stamford Fairfield Co Naval Res Training 58 129 113 57 1.6
071080123F01 Stamford Fairfield Co Trailer Noi-th St. 60 164 124 1 59 1.5
071110005F01 Stratford Fairfield Co Health & Welfare 58 164 111 1 56 1.5
071160123F01 Torrington Litchfield Co Torrington Trailer 116 230 159 4 59 1.7
071205001F03 Voluntown New London Co Pachauag State Forest 117 78 77 26 1.6
071210001F01 Wallingford New Haven Co Town Hall Center St. 54 120 102 54 1.5
O71240002F0l Waterbury New Haven Co Waste Treatment Plant 59 110 102 50 1.5
071240123F0l Waterbury New Haven Co Trailer at DOT Entrance Ill 243 174 4 70 1.5
071260001F02 Waterford New London Co New London Country Club 58 83 68 30 1.7
07!410002F01 Willimantic Windham Co Court House 15 77 75 43
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (ug/rn 3 ) CONNECTICUT
METHODS: Hourly Values West-Gaeke Coloriinetric-Il, Conductirnetric-l3, Coulornetric-14, Flame Photometric-16,
Hydrogen Peroxide NAOI-I Titration- 18, Catalyst Flame Photometric- 19, Pulsed Fluorescent-20, Second
Derivative Spectroscopy-21, Conductance Asarco-22, Ultra Violet Stimulated Fluorescence-23, Sequential
Conductiinetric-33, 24-hour Gas Bubblers Pararosaniline-Sulfamic Acid-91, Pararosaniline Sulfamic Acid
Temperature Controlled-97
Max 24-Hr Obs) Max 3-Hr Obs> Max 1-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location Address II Obs 1st 2nd 365 1st 2nd 1300 1st 2nd Mean Meth
County
070060001F01
070060123F01
070175123F0 1
Bridgeport
Bridgeport
Danbury
Fairfield Co
Fairfield Co
Fairfield Co
47 Lyon Terrace
Halett + Barnum
Trailer - Oshorn St.
6709
8351
8636
197
207
161
104
156
L48
262
338
225
253
320
190
288
362
238
27)
338
236
24
39
29
14
20
20
070250123F01
Enfield
Hartford Co
Elm St.
8537
126
108
231
214
309
293
21
20
‘
070330004F01
Greenwich
Fairfield Co
Bruce Golf Course
625
74
73
117
114
128
123
32?
14
070330004F01
Greenwich
Fairfield Co
Bruce Golf Course
6765
116
103
153
153
228
170
27
20
‘
070350123F01
Groton
New London
Co
Griswold State Park
3412
102
74
188
146
210
202
23?
20
070420123F0 1
Hartford
Hartford Co
Hartford Trailer
8533
178
163
265
261
307
286
37
20
070590002F01
Milford
New Haven
Co
Devon Grammar School
6749
162
157
308
280
367
354
28
14
070680 [ 23F01
New Britain
Hartford Co
Lake St. s Route 72
8677
163
107
259
209
293
265
21
20
070700123F01
071080123F01
New Haven
Stamford
New Haven
Fairfield Co
Co
677 State St.
Trailer North St.
$411
2039
207
231
178
179
359
365
329
325
380
401
351
367
42
40?
20
14
071080123F01
Stamford
Fairfield Co
Trailer North St.
6486
151
149
213
213
238
233
25?
20
071240123F01
Waterbury
New Haven
Co
Trailer at DOT Entrance
7580
163
111
266
217
278
254
26
20
-------
TABLE 2
1979 CARBON MONOXIDE (mg/rn 3 ) CONNECTICUT
METHOD: Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) Continuous, Hourly Values-Il, Flame Ionizatlon-21
Max 1-Hr Obs> Max 8-hr Obs
Site ID Location Address I Obs 1st 2nd 40 1st 2nd 10 Meth
070060004F01 Bridgeport Fairfield Co McLevy Hall State St. 6797 16.5 14.0 10.7 8.0 1 11
070420012F01 Hartford Hartford Co Recruiting Office 7377 21.0 21.0 13.9 11.9 4 11
070680002F01 New Britain Hartford Co City Hall Main St. 6319 15.0 15.0 10.5 9.8 7 11
070680123F01 New Britain Hartford Co Lake St. + Route 72 47 15.0 15.0 10.5 9.8 11
070700007F01 New Haven New Haven Co 161 Church St. 5976 12.9 12.4 8.8 8.6 11
070820005F01 Norwalk Fairfield Co 137 East Ave. 6609 17.0 15.2 10.9 10.8 2 11
071080020F01 Stamford Fairfield Co 96 Broad St. 7176 45.0 42.0 7 29.3 16.7 268 11
-------
TABLE 2
1979 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (ug/m 3 ) CONNECTICUT
METHODS: Hourly Values Colorimetric-Lyshkow-l1, Colorimetric-Griess-Saltzman-12,
Coulometric-13, Chemiluminescence-14, 24-Hour Gas Bubblers NASN
Sodium Arsenite Orifice—84, NASN Sodium Arsenite Frit-94, TEA Method-95,
TGS Method-96
Location County - - Address
Max 1-Hr Max 24-Hr Arithmetic
II Obs lst_ 2nd 1st 2nd Mean Meth
Site 1fl
070060001F01
070060123F01
070070001F01
Bridgeport
Bridgeport
Bristol
Fairfield Co
Fairfield Co
Hartford Co
47 Lyon Terrace
Halett + Barnum
City Hall Main St.
60
59
58
151
264
109
146
162
108
72
74
49
84
84
84
i
o
i
070175123F01
070220002F01
070250123F01
Danbury
East Hartford
Enfield
Fairfield Co
Hartford Co
Hartford Co
Trailer - Osborn St.
Hockanum 3r. High
Elm St.
61
58
59
129
114
104
115
102
99
53
56
49
84
84
84
070330004F01
Greenwich
Fairfield Co
Bruce Golf Course
60
152
144
55
84
070350123F0l
Groton
New London
Co
Griswold State Park
29
86
73
44?
84
070420003F01
070420l23F01
Hartford
Hartford
Hartford Co
Hartford Co
Library Main Street
Hartford Trailer
.
60
60
149
174
141
151
78
71
84
84
070540002F01
070680123F01
Meriden
New Britain
New Haven
Hartford Co
Co
Stoddard Building
Lake St. + Route 72
61
56
132
129
124
108
57
54
84
84
070700123F01
New Haven
New Haven
Co
677 State St.
59
117
103
64
84
070820005F01
Norwalk
Fairfield Co
137 East Ave.
60
139
135
73
84
070840001F01
071080007F01
071080!23F0l
Norwich
Stamford
Stamford
New London
Fairfield Co
Fairfield Co
Co
Cisco Building Main St.
Naval Res. Training
Trailer North St.
59
61
61
88
133
135
81
132
118
46
61
64
84
84
84
07ll10005F01
Stratford
Fairfield Co
Health + Welfare
59
146
137
72
84
07ll60123F0l
071240123F01
Torrington
Waterbury
Litchfield Co
New Haven Co
Torrington Trailer
Trailer at DOT Entrance
61
60
99
159
94
139
50
73
84
84
-------
TABLE 2
1979 OZONE (PARTS PER MILLION) CONNECTICUT
METHODS: Hourly Values Chemiiumlnescence-1 1, Ultra Violet Dasibi Corporation-14,
Chemiluminescence Rhodamine B Dye-iS
Vals>
Daily Max 1-Hr .125 Exp. # NBR Valid Miss. Days
Site 1D County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 3rd Mess, of Viol. Daily Max Assm.
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (ug/m 3 ) MAINE
METHOD: Gravimetric, 24-Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-91
Max 24-Hr Obs> Obs> Geometric
Site ID Location County Address II Obs 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean GSD
200010001F03 Acadia Nat. Park Hancock Co Seawall Acadia National Park 20 61 46 20? 1.7
200060002F05 Auburn Androscoggin Co Fairview School 152 101 100 33 1.6
200060003F05 Auburn Androscoggin Co 1250 Turner St. 33 49 49 19? 1.8
200060004F05 Auburn Androscoggin Co St. Louis School 150 170 137 1 36 1.7
200060006F05 Auburn Androscoggin Co Pioneer Plastics 144 177 161 3 50 1.7
200060007F05 Auburn Androscoggin Co C.P. Wight School 117 100 75 24? 1.7
20008000lFOl Augusta Kennebec Co Cony Street 105 190 164 4 54 1.6
200l0000lFOl Bangor Penobscot Co Bangor Regional 91 172 128 1 52 1.6
200100002F01 Bangor Penobscot Co Kenduskeag Pumping Station 88 256 250 7 68 1.8
200l00004F05 Bangor Penobscot Co Domestic Terminal Bldg. 47 89 81 38? 1.7
200100005F05 Bangor Penobscot Co Bangor Daily News 96 205 171 3 53 1.7
200l00009F05 Bangor Penobscot Co Air Nat. Guard 45 72 66 26? 1.7
200l2000lFOl Bath Sagadahoc Co 55 Front Street 33 86 82 36? 1.8
200l6000lFOl Biddeford York Co Biddeford Post Office 57 92 89 39 1.6
200200001F01 Brunswick Cumberland Co Alfred Street 52 618 200 1 4 66 1.9
200530003302 3ay Franklin Co Crash Road 260 102 99 24 2.0
200530004302 3ay Franklin Co 3ay Hill 303 132 127 28 2.2
200620005F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Lewiston Post Office 167 128 128 48 1.5
200620006F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Lewiston High School 153 118 93 34 1.7
200620008F05 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Holy Cross School 157 88 87 33 1.6
200620009F05 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Pettingill School 160 226 175 4 41 1.8
200640001F02 Lincoln Penobscot Co Mattanawcook Academy 48 133 104 36 1.7
200640002302 Lincoln Penobscot Co West Broadway 115 184 172 2 49 1.7
200640003302 Lincoln Penobscot Co Lincoln Post Office 119 189 165 2 54 1.9
200640004302 Lincoln Penobscot Co Katahdin Ave. Field 67 208 203 2 54? 1.7
200720002F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co St Valley Security Home 15 94 88 36? 1.9
200720003F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co Madawaska High School 51 187 124 1 39 1.8
200720009F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co Albert Street 12 34 31 25? 1.2
200760003302 Mexico Oxford Co Mexico Treatment Plant 312 185 129 1 43 1.7
200760004302 Mexico Oxford Co Norbies Mobil 49 135 91 30? 1.8
200760005302 Mexico Oxford Co Hope Training School 50 122 95 30? 1.8
200760006302 Mexico Oxford Co Carter Res. 215 150 145 30? 2.0
200780001F02 Millinocket Penobscot Co Millinocket Municipal Bldg. 45 228 142 1 46 1.8
200780006305 Millinocket Penobscot Co G.N.P.-W.T.P. 91 93 83 29? 1.7
200780009305 Millinocket Penobscot Co York St. 176 136 135 51? 1.5
200780013305 Millinocket Penobscot Co East Ave. 94 101 96 36? 1.5
200840003F02 Old Town Penobscot Co Marsh Island Apts 61 201 136 1 38 1.6
200840004F05 Old Town Penobscot Co Sewage Treatment Plant 6 41 34 30? 1.0
200840005F05 Old Town Penobscot Co Penobscot Shoe Co. 9 113 54 30? 2.0
200885001305 Oxford Co Oxford Co Bessey Motors 134 210 172 3 56? 1.7
-------
TABLE 2 (Continued)
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (ug/m 3 ) MAINE
METHODs Gravimetric, 24-Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-91
Max 24-Hr Obs) Obs> Geometric
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean GSD
200885004305 Oxford Co Oxford Co Reilly Prop. Gary St. 127 234 184 8 60? 1.8
200907002302 Penobscot Co Penobscot Co Cram St. (Bradley) 25 122 100 30? 1.9
200907003302 Penobscot Co Penobscot Co Old Town Fuel Co 25 88 68 33? 1.8
200960004F01 Portland Cumberland Co Portland H.S. 52 138 98 48 1.5
285 Cumberland
200960006F01 Portland Cumberland Co 3ack 3r. High School 5* 118 95 39 1.6
200960007F01 Portland Cumberland Co Riverton School 58 104 66 30 1.6
200960009F05 Portland Cumberland Co Union St. Substation 30 140 127 74? 1.4
200980002F01 Presque Isle Aroostook Co 634 Main St. 540 511 251 1 4 67 2.0
200980003F0l Presque Isle Aroostook Co Presque Isle H.S. 47 168 127 1 40 1.9
200980004F05 Presque Isle Aroostook Co Skyway School 16 46 41 23? 1.4
201000003F01 Rockland Knox Co Rockland Nursing 61 98 93 41? 1.5
20 1000004F05 Rockland Knox Co Coast Guard Station 63 117 114 51? 1.7
201000008F05 Rockland Knox Co Highway Commission 123 98 91 27 1.7
201020004302 Rumford Oxford Co Rumford High School 261 126 107 33? 1.7
201100001302 Skowhegan Somerset Co Hinkley Farm School 204 114 95 20 2.0
201100002302 Skowhegan Somerset Co Eaton Ridge 202 228 149 1 24 2.1
201 140001F01 South Portland Cumberland Co S. Portland High 49 102 66 32 1.5
201 140002F0 I South Portland Cumberland Co Hildreth Hall Fort Road 318 119 115 31 1 .6
201150001F05 Thomaston Knox Co 2 Dexter Ave. 129 194 164 2 33 2.0
20i150002F05 Thomaston Knox Co George Road 131 82 68 25 1.6
201150003F05 Thomaston 0 Knox Co Old Country Road 102 108 86 27? 1.9
201150004F05 Thomaston Knox Co Buttermilk Lane 96 120 118 40? 1.9
20l20500lF02 Washington Co Washington Co Woodland Sewage Treat. Pint 129 191 158 2 37 1.9
201205004302 Washington Co Washington Co D Street (Woodland) 77 85 73 30? 1.6
201220001F0 1 Waterville Kennebec Co Hathaway Shirt Co 107 109 98 38 1.5
201260001F05 Westbrook Cumberiand Co Westbrook High School 14 93 66 38? 1.5
201260002F05 Westbrook Cumberland Co New England Telephone 47 133 92 44? 1.8
201260003F03 Westbrook Cumberland Co Westbrook Treatment Plant 22 71 67 38? 1.5
201260005F05 Westbrook Cumberiand Co Violette’s Shell 12 131 117 68? 1.5
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (ug/m 3 ) MAINE
METHODS: Hourly Values West-Gaeke Colorimetric- 11, Conductimetric-l 3, Coulometric-l 4, Flame Photometric- 16,
Hydrogen Peroxide NAOH Titration- 18, Catalyst Flame Photometric- 19, Pulsed Fluorescent-20, Second
Derivative Spectroscopy-2 1, Conductance Asarco-22, Ultra Violet Stimulated Fluorescence-23, Sequential
Conductjmetric-33, 24-hour Gas Bubblers Pararosaniline-Sulfamic Acid-91, Pararosaniline Sulfamic Acid
Temperature Controlled-97
Max 24-Hr Obs> Max 3-Hr Obs> Max 1-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location County . . . # Obs 1st 2nd 365 1st 2nd 1300 1st 2nd Mean Meth
200010001F03 Acadia National Park Hancock Co Seawall Acadia Nat’l Pk 24 3 3 3 91
200080001F01 Augusta Kennebec Co Cony High 32 73 48 22? 91
200100001F01 Bangor Penobscot Co Bangor Regional 2053 84 80 162 148 203 177 34? 20
200l0000lFOl Bangor Penobscot Co Bangor Regional 48 52 43 18 16 13? 97
200160001F01 Biddeford York Co Biddeford Post Office 35 62 62 28? 91
200200001F01 Brunswick Cumberland Co Brunswick Savings Bank 22 44 36 19? 91
200315001302 East Millinocket Penobscot Co Aeration Lagoon 2678 291 224 595 459 650 582 27? 20
200315001302 East Millinocket Penobscot Co Aeration Lagoon 234 216 213 20? 97
200135002302 East Millinocket Penobscot Co GNP/Katahdin School 80 19 14 37 36 47 39 16? 20
200620005F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Lewiston Post Office 32 120 109 43? 91
200620006F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Lewiston High School 28 132 38 21? 91
200620007F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Human Services Bldg. 5754 235 206 397 314 445 380 90? 20
200640001F02 Lincoln Penobscot Co Mattanawcook Academy. 28 42 24 7? 91
200720002F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co St. Valley Security Home 18 187 181 60? 91
200720003F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co Madawaska High School 56 326 91 21 91
200720004F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co Madawaska Water Co. 38 65 63 9? 91
200720005F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co Mad. Sec. Home. 3535 301 299 994 944 1203 1102 65? 20
200720007302 Madawaska Aroostook Co Town Garage 163 639 402 2 639 403 38? 97
200720008302 Madawaska Aroostook Co Eleventh Ave. TK 220 448 225 1 448 225 16? 97
200720009F02 Madawaska Aroostook Co Albert St. 1771 456 404 2 979 743 1300 1245 64? 20
200720010302 Madawaska Aroostook Co Madawaska Stp. 1990 282 237 833 607 1476 969 40? 20
20078000lF02 Millinocket Penobscot Co Millinocket Mun. Bldg. 29 247 124 27? 91
200780002F02 Millinocket Penobscot Co Millinocket Airport 3379 306 128 706 510 988 910 17? 20
200780005302 Millinocket Penobscot Co Granite St. 135 216 213 11? 97
200780006302 Mjfljnocket Penobscot Co G.N.P. - W.T.P. 8242 606 505 14 776 755 975 955 65 20
-------
TABLE 2 (Continued)
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (ugfm 3 ) MAINE
Max 24-Hr Obs) Max 3-Hr Obs> Max 1-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location County Address 1/ Obs 1st 2nd 365 1st 2nd 1300 1st 2nd Mean Meth
200780007302 Millinocket Penobscot Co Katahdin Nursing Home 237 40 37 6? 97
200780009302 Millinocket Penobscot Co York St. 8507 794 585 5 2061 1958 6 2548 2539 45 20
200780010302 Millinocket Penobscot Co Westwood St. 4655 125 114 292 278 448 381 18? 20
200780010302 Milliriocket Penobscot Co Westwood St. (35 95 91 9? 97
200780013302 Milliriocket Penobscot Co East Ave. 5004 409 274 1 803 723 993 904 29? 20
200840003F02 Old Town Penobscot Co Marsh Island Apts. 38 85 77 20? 91
200960002F01 Portland Curnberland Co Masonic Building 6094 205 182 341 305 406 393 42? 20
200960004F01 Portland Curnberland Co Port H.S. 285 Cum. 37 143 101 50? 91
200960006F01 Portland Cumberland Co Jack Jr. High School 33 114 111 40? 91
200960 !J07F01 Portland Cumberland Co Riverton School 19 46 41 21? 91
f... 200960008F01 Portland Cumberland Co Maine National Bank 7998 211 200 333 291 380 347 51 20
200980002F01 Presque Isle Aroostook Co 634 Main St. 33 26 13 5? 91
200980003F01 Presque Isle Aroostook Co Presque Isle H.S. 18 43 41 9? 91
201000003F01 Rockland Knox Co Rockland Nursing 53 110 60 16? 91
201000004F05 Rockland Knox Co Coast Guard Station 64 254 185 27? 91
201000008F05 Rockland Knox Co Highway Commission 32 11 9 3? 91
201000010F05 Rockland Knox Co Rockland Treatment Sta. 2788 817 598 4 1157 1043 1258 1166 47? 20
201100001302 Skowhegan Somerset Co Hinkley Farm School 364 51 42 5 91
201100002302 Skowhegan Somerset Co Eaton Ridge Road 364 57 44 5 91
201140001F01 South Portland Curnberland Co S. Portland High 18 127 66 28? 91
201140002F01 South Portland Curnberland Co Hildreth I-tall 35 94 71 31? 91
201205001F02 Washington Co Washington Co Woodland STP 5 193 121 69? 97
201205001F02 Washington Co Washington Co Woodland SIP 54 5 5 5 5 3? 97
201205005302 Washington Co Washington Co Pipeline (Woodland) 44 68 39 8? 91
201220001F0 1 Waterville Kennebec Co Hathaway Shirt Co. 35 103 81 30? 91
20 [ 260001F05 Westbrook Cumberland Co Westbrook High School 14 89 87 37? 91
201260002F05 Westhrook Cumberland Co New England Telephone 22 45 37 17? 9!
201260005F05 Westbrook Cumberland Co Vio lette’s Shell 12 50 46 23? 91
201260006F05 Westbrook Cumberland Co S.D. Warren/Stroudwater 3334 57 55 134 84 165 162 10? 14
-------
I- .
U,
TABLE 2
1979 CARBON MONOXIDE (mg/rn 3 ) MAINE
METHOD: Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) Continuous, Hourly Values-li, Flame Ionization-21
Max 1-Hr Obs> Max S-hr Obs>
Site ID Location County Address 1/ Obs 1st 2nd 40 1st 2nd 10 Meth
200100001F01 Bangor Penobscot Co Bangor Regional 4736 11.5 10.0 7.3 7.1 11
200620007F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Human Services Bldg. 7247 19.0 18.0 14.5 12.5 13 11
-------
TABLE 2
1979 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (ug/m 3 ) MAINE
METHODS: Hourly Values Colorimetrlc-Lyshkow-l 1, Colorimetric-Gr less-Saltzman-12,
Coulometrlc-i 3, Chemiluminescence-i 4, 24-Hour Gas Bubbiers NASN
Sodium Arsenite Orifice-84, NASN Sodium Arsenite Frit-94, TEA Method-95,
TGS Method-96
Max 1-Hr Max 24-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Mean Meth
200010001F03 Acadia National Park Hancock Co Seawali Acadia Nat’l Park 25 64 34 8 84
200080001F01 Augusta Kennebec Co Cony High 62 84 65 31 84
200l0000lFOl Bangor Penobscot Co Bangor Regional 50 105 79 47 84
200620005F01 Lewiston Androscoggin Co Lewiston Post Office 51 84 58 30 84
200640001F02 Lincoln Penobscot Co Mattanawcook Academy 13 35 30 17? 84
200780001F02 Miillnocket Penobscot Co Miliinocket Municipal 12 34 30 22? 84
200840003F02 Old Town Penobscot Co Marsh Island Apts. 14 66 47 34? 84
200960004P01 Portland Cumberland Co Port H.S. 285 Cumberiand 21 62 47 30 84
200980002F01 Presque isle Aroostook Co 634 Main St. 13 33 27 20? 84
-------
TABLE 2
1979 OZONE (PARTS PER MILLION) MAINE
METHODS: Hourly Values Chemiluminescence-l 1, Ultra Violet Dasibi Corporation-14,
Chemiluminescence Rhodamine B Dye-I 5
Vals>
Daily Max 1-Hr .125 Exp. # NBR Valid Miss. Days
Site ID Location County Address 1/ Obs 1st 2nd 3rd Meas. of Viol. Daily Max Assm. KStd Meth
200190001F05 Bridgton Cumberland Co N. Bridgton Fire Sta. 2021 .071 .063 .056 0 0.0 85 0 11
200250001F05 Cape Elizabeth Cumberland Co Two Lights State Park 2439 .175 .155 .127 4 4.9 112 0 11
200277001F05 Cumberland Co Cumberland Co Pownal Town Hall 2661 .128 .118 .117 0 0.0 92 1 11
200860002F05 Orono Penobscot Co UMO Forestry Bldg. 2001 .115 .106 .106 0 0.0 83 0 11
200860002F05 Orono Penobscot Co UMO Forestry Bldg. 905 .087 .075 .070 0 0.0 35 0 14
200907004F05 Penobscot Co Penobscot Co Costigan 1136 .125 .120 .085 1 1.8 47 0 11
200907004F05 Penobscot Co Penobscot Co Costigan 1512 .085 .080 .080 0 1.8 63 1 14
200907005F05 Penobscot Co Penobscot Co Newburgh School 2857 .125 .088 .085 1 1.7 118 0 11
200980002F01 Presque Isle Aroostook Co 634 Main St. 2441 .077 .065 .060 0 0.0 181 5 11
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (uglm 3 ) MASSACHUSETTS
Max 24-Hr Obs> Obs> Geometric
Oba 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean GSD
METHODs Gravimetric, 24-Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-91
Site ID
S
AQCR
Address
220i00001F0l
Athol
Central MA
Main St.
56
202
127
1
46
1.7
220120002F0l
Attleboro
Southeastern MA
South Main St.
45
166
83
1
43
1.6
220240002P01
Boston
Metropolitan Boston
590 CommonweaLth
25
259
170
3
100?
1.6
2202400l2F01
220320003F01
Boston
Brockton
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Fire Hdqr. Southampton St.
Cresent St. (Route 27)
58
58
192
118
117
88
1
67
41
1.4
1.5
22034000lF01
220360001F0 1
220380002F01
220400001F01
Brookline
Cambridge
Chelsea
Chicopee
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Pioneer Valley
115 Greenough St.
Devdia St.
Chestnut + Sixth Sts.
City Hall Market
48
52
49
49
155
118
183
184
108
104
174
109
1
2
1
43
50
63
60
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.5
220580001F01
Fall River
Southeastern MA
165 Bedford St.
49
118
113
56
1.5
,
‘
220620004F01
220620006F01
220660001F01
22084000lF0I
Fitchburg
Fitchburg
Framingham
Haverhill
Central MA
Central MA
Metropolitan Boston
Merrimack Valley
Water Street Fire Station
655 MaIn St.
600 Concord (Route 126)
North + Essex Sts.
58
194
23
58
113
148
66
Ill
111
139
66
97
46
52
36?
45
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.6
220860006F01
Holyoke
Pioneer Valley
68 Cabot St.
58
157
153
2
60
1.6
22 1000003F0 I
Lawrence
Merrimack Valley
1 Garden St.
56
ILl
103
46
1.5
221080005F01
22ll0000lFOl
221210001F01
Lowell
Lynn
Medfield
Merrimack Valley
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
St. 3ohns Hospital
City Hall Main St.
N. Meadow St. (Route 27)
54
43
60
I ’S
138
128
117
113
104
55
51?
26
1 6
1.6
1.8
221220002F01
22l220003F0l
Medford
Medford
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Fire Hdqr. 100-120 Main St.
Fellsway + Route 16
50
23
122
128
119
126
55
65?
1.5
1.5
221480003F0l
221500002F01
Needham
New Bedford
Metropolitan Boston
Southeastern MA
148 Chestnut St.
455 County St.
45
56
186
75
85
65
1
37
34
1.6
1.5
221652001F01
Northfield
Pioneer Valley
Northfield School
43
114
101
32
1.7
221700001F01
Norwood
Metropolitan Boston
Fire Station Nahattan St.
52
136
94
44
1.5
221800002F01
Pittsfield
Berkshire APCD
Hibber School Newell St.
55
133
132
50
1.7
22l$00006F01
Pittsfield
Berkshire APCD
Berkshire Commons
16
220
153
2
49?
2.3
221880002FOl
221880007F01
22l940002F0l
Quincy
Quincy
Revere
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Route 3A
Hancock St.
368 Garfield St.
24
50
40
124
132
117
118
107
98
65?
45
48?
1.5
1.5
1.5
-------
TABLE 2 (Continued)
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (ugfm 3 ) MASSACHUSETTS
METHOD: Gravimetric, 24-Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-91
Max 24-Hr Obs> Obs> Geometric
Site ID Location AQCR Address II Obs 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean GSD
222160002F01 Springfield Pioneer Valley 25 Mi ii St. 58 141 137 60 1.5
222160003F01 Springfield Pioneer Valley Fire Station 142 Taylor St. 60 156 140 1 61 1.5
222160011F01 Springfield Pioneer Valley 59 Howard St. 325 304 151 1 2 58 1.5
22224000lF01 Taunton Southeastern MA Washington St. 58 98 91 37 1.6
22237200lF01 Warren Central MA River Street 57 100 79 31 1.7
222620002F01 Woburn Metropolitan Boston Woburn St. + Montvale Ave. 56 123 108 46 1.5
222640004F01 Worcester Central MA 810 Main St. 194 157 149 1 51 1.6
222640008F01 Worcester Central MA 950 Main St. 60 124 94 42 1.7
222640009F01 Worcester Central MA 75 Grove St. 58 102 92 42 1.6
222640011F01 Worcester Central MA Boylston St. 60 129 88 37 1.7
A 222640012F01 Worcester Central MA New Salem + Washington 109 258 182 2 69 1.5
222640013F01 Worcester Central MA 419 Belmont St. 59 162 143 1 52 1.6
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (ug/m 3 ) MASSACHUSETTS
METHODS: Hourly Values West-Gaeke Colorimetrlc-1 1, Conductlmetric-13, Coulometric-14, Flame Photometric-16,
Hydrogen Peroxide NAOH Titration-18, Catalyst Flame Photometric-19, Pulsed Fluorescent-20, Second
Derivative Spectroscopy-2 I Conductance Asarco-22, Ultra Violet Stimulated Fluorescence-23, Sequential
Conductimetric-33, 24-hour Gas Bubblers Pararosanlllne-Sulfamic Acid-9l, Pararosaniline Sulfamic Acid
Temperature Controiled-97
Max 24-Hr Obs> Max 3-Hr Obs> Max 1-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location AQCR Address fi Obs 1st 2nd 365 1st 2nd 1300 1st 2nd Mean Meth
220120003F01 Attieboro Southeastern MA 947 Park St. 7201 92 81 176 157 181 178 13 14
220240002F0l Boston Metro. Boston 590 Commonwealth 7926 170 152 312 288 521 506 51 14
220240016F01 Boston Metro. Boston Visconti St. 7451 128 115 231 210 283 254 27 14’
220400005F01 Chicopee Pioneer Valley 393 Chicopee St. 8222 157 139 244 236 362 314 31 14
220580004F01 Fall River Southeastern MA Globe St. 6349 165 162 519 354 728 466 32? 14
220620003F0l Fitchburg Central MA Trailer Summer St. 7459 128 123 249 225 259 249 29 14
22073000lF0l Georgetown Merrimack Valley Georgetown High 8195 84 81 173 139 217 183 14 14
221000003FOl Lawrence Merrimack Valley I Garden St. 2443 212 155 333 262 485 301 39? 14
221000003F01 Lawrence Merrimack Valley I Garden St. 4404 157 141 220 217 288 262 47? 20
221080004F01 Lowell Merrimack Valley Morton’s 8026 128 34 217 194 262 223 25 14
22l2l0001F0i Medfield Metro. Boston N. Meadow St. (Rt. 27) 8097 126 97 257 220 257 257 16 14
221220003F0l Medford Metro. Boston Fellsway + Rt. 16 7806 152 141 288 259 322 283 32 14
22l800005F0l Pittsfield Berkshire APCD Pittsfield Incinerator 8096 123 94 272 228 293 275 20 14
221880002F0l Quincy Metro. Boston Route 3A 7129 178 152 278 238 291 291 29 14
222160005F01 Springfield Pioneer Valley E. Columbus Ave. 7424 128 118 202 194 241 225 34 14
222380005F01 Watertown Metro. Boston Victory Field 1811 105 102 197 160 220 189 36? 14
222640012F01 Worcester Central MA New Salem + Wash. Sts. 8307 189 152 312 238 390 325 34 14
-------
TABLE 2
1979 CARBON MONOXIDE (mg/rn 3 ) MASSACHUSETTS
METHOD: Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) Continuous, Hourly Values-li, Flame lonization-21
Address
Max I-I-fr
// Obs 1st 2nd
Obs> Max 8-hr Obs>
40 1st__ __ 10
Site ID
Location AOCR
220240002F01
Boston
Metropolitan Boston
590 Commonwealth
8126
23.0
20.7
17.3
12.0
4
11
I
2202400l6F0l
221080004F01
Boston
Lowell
Metropolitan Boston
Merrimack Valley
Visconti St.
Norton’s
6341
6407
28.8
34.5
28.8
18.4
17.8
14.0
14.5
10.4
30
1
11
11
I
221220003F01
221880002F01
222160005F01
Medford
Quincy
Springfield
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Pioneer Valley
Fellsway + Route 16
Route 3A
E. Columbus Ave.
6953
6672
8410
28.8
13.8
20.7
28.8
11.5
17.3
23.1
9.8
10.4
15.6
8.6
10.2
12
ii
11
ii
222380005F0l
222640012F01
Watertown
Worcester
Metropolitan Boston
Central MA
Victory Field
New Salem + Washington Sts.
2617
8284
12.7
15.0
12.7
12.7
10.4
8.5
5.9
8.5
11
11
Meth
-------
METHODS: Hourly Values Colorimetric-Lyshkow-l 1, Colorlmetrlc-Griess-Saltzman-12,
Coulometric-13, Chemiluminescence-14, 24-Hour Gas Bubblers NASN
Sodium Arsenite Orlfice-84, NASN Sodium Arsenite Frlt-94, TEA Method-95,
TGS Method-96
Sitp It AOCR Address
Max 1-Hr Max 24-Hr Arithmetic
9 Obs 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Mean
1 220240002F01
220240016F01
222160005F0 1
2226400 12F0 1
Boston
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
Metropolitan Boston
Metropolitan Boston
Pioneer Valley
Central MA
4293 395 395
5979 395 376
4777 414 329
7179 536 357
78?
91?
82?
48
14
14
14
14
TABLE 2
1979 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (uglm 3 ) MASSACHUSETTS
590 Commonwealth
Visconti St.
E. Columbus Ave.
New Salem + Wash. Sts.
Meth
-------
TABLE 2
1979 OZONE (PARTS PER MILLION) MASSACHUSETTS
METHODS: Hourly Values Chemiluminescence-il, Ultra Violet Dasibi Corporation-14,
Chemiluminescence Rhodamine B Dye-i5
Vals>
Daily Max 1-Hr .125 Exp. if NBR Valid Miss. Days
Site ID Location AQCR Address if Obs 1st 2nd 3rd Meas. of Viol. Daily Max Assm.
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (ug/rn 3 ) NEW HAMPSHIRE
METHOD: Gra vimetric, 24—Hour hi-Volume Filter Sample- 91
Max 24-Hr Obs) Cbs> Geometric
Site ID Location — County Address / / Cbs 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean CSD
300003001F0l Altenstown Merrimack Co Canal Street 60 240 134 38 2.0
300040001F01 Berlin Coos Co Sullivan Street 59 228 225 6 79 1.7
300040007P01 Berlin Coos Co Route 16 8 185 95 1 49? 2.1
300100002F0 1 Claremont Sullivan Co 5 School Street 54 107 87 43 1.5
300l20002P0l Concord Merrimack Co 61 S Spring Street 56 110 94 38 1.6
300140001F03 Coos Co Coos Co 3.5. Fish Culture Stat 48 114 84 20? 2.0
300160001F01 Dover Stratford Co Central Avenue 59 184 138 1 43 1.7
300200003F01 Exeter Rockingham Co Indian Head National Bank 58 116 93 45 1.5
300340003F01 Keene Cheshire Co Appian Way 38 115 108 47? 1.6
300340005F01 Keene Cheshire Co 40 Mechanic Street 54 194 128 1 48 1.7
300360002F01 Laconia Belknap Co Beacon Street 58 154 128 1 45 1.7
300380001F01 Lebanon Gralton Co South Park Street 49 194 150 1 46 1.7
‘ 300420008F01 Manchester Hil lsborough Co Notre Dame Avenue 56 160 151 2 49 1.7
3004200 1J9F0 1 Manchester Hil lsborough Co Merrimack Street 119 233 138 2 50 1.6
300420010F01 Manchester Hi l lsborough Co Hanover Street 56 140 123 41 1.6
300420011F01 Manchester Hil lsborough Co Franklin Street 82 162 126 1 50 1.6
30043900 [ P05 Meredith Belknap Co Main Street 25 111 100 36? 1 .9
300480007F01 Nashua Hil lsborough Co Main Street 58 142 117 54 1.7
300512003F01 Northumberland Coos Co Brooklyn Street 61 281 217 I 2 44 1.9
300512004P01 Northumberland Coos Co Brooklyn Street 4 84 61 54? 1.5
3005l2005F0l Northur-nberland Coos Co State Street 37 97 95 39? 1.6
300512006F02 Northumberland Coos Co Groveton Mobile Lab 6 89 62 38? 1.8
300536001F01 Plymouth Grafton Co Plymouth State College 53 123 80 3 1 1.8
300540005P0 I Portsmouth Rockingham Co Is lington Street 58 98 95 48 1 .5
300540006P0 I Portsmouth Rockingham Co Court Street 55 263 94 1 1 49 1 .5
300540007F01 Portsmouth Rockingham Co Nat’l Guard Armory 56 92 77 32 1 .6
300560003p0 1 Rochester Straulord Co Hanser Street 59 144 104 45 1.6
300600002P01 Salem Rockingbam Co Route 28 14 [ 19 54 29? 1.9
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (uglm 3 ) NEW HAMPSHIRE
METHODS: Hourly Values West-Gaeke Colorimetric-Il, Conductimetric-l3, Coulometric-l4, Flame Photometric-16,
Hydrogen Peroxide NAOH Titration-IS, Catalyst Flame Photometric-19, Pulsed Fluorescent-20, Second
Derivative Spectroscopy-2l, Conductance Asarco-22, Ultra Violet Stimulated Ftuorescence-23, Sequential
Conductimetric-33, 24-hour Gas Bubblers Pararosaniline-Sulfam ic Acid-9 1, Pararosan i line Sulfam Ic Acid
Temperature Contro lled-97
Max 24-Hr Obs> Max 3-Hr Obs’> Max I-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID _ Location County Address — I I Ohs 1st 2nd 365 1st
300003001F01 Allenstown Merrimack Co Canal St. 46 54 39 16? 91
300040007F01 Ber lin Coos Co Route 16 1223 139 91 236 223 642 301 16? 14
30004001lF05 Berlin Coos Co 116 Poplar St. 3292 361 162 489 432 642 618 33? 20
300040014F05 Berlin Coos Co Lancaster St. 5100 857 714 16 1092 1086 1258 1231 89? 20
300040014F05 Berlin Coos Co Lancaster St. 12 185 179 97? 91
300l20002F01 Concord Merrimack Co 61 5. Spring St. 10 13 13 13? 91
300140001F03 Coos Co Coos Co U.S. Fish Culture Sta. 23 13 13 13? 91
300l6000lFOl Dover Stratford Co Central Ave. 51 51 36 15? 91
300340001F05 Keene Cheshire Co City Hall 1640 296 76 1457 160 I 4229 210 35? 20
300340005F01 Keene Cheshire Co 40 Mechanic St. 4045 110 99 190 170 223 217 33? 14
300340005F01 Keene Cheshire Co 40 Mechanic St. 41 108 86 20? 91
300420009F01 Manchester Hil lsborough Co Merrimack St. 5 13 13 13? 91
300420012F01 Manchester Hil lsborough Co Manchester Bank 8287 217 169 355 337 466 438 36 20
3004200l2F0I Manchester Hilisborough Co Manchester Bank 32 105 56 22? 91
300480005F01 Nashua Hil lsborough Co 18 Mulberry St. 8037 120 97 546 183 1622 288 22 20
300480005F01 Nashua Hil lsborough Co 18 Mulberry St. 19 39 32 17? 91
300512004F01 Northumberland Coos Co Brooklyn St. 11 57 33 19? 91
300512006F02 Northumberland Coos Co Groveton Mobile Lab. 1030 164 112 485 U89 707 655 34? 20
300536001F01 Plymouth Gratton Co Plymouth State College 39 32 13 13? 91
300540005F01 Portsmouth Rockingham Co Islington St. 6 13 13 13? 91
300600002F01 Salem Rockingham Co Route 28 15 37 30 16? 91
-------
TABLE 2
1979 CARBON MONOXIDE (mg/rn 3 ) NEW HAMPSHIRE
METHOD: Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) Continuous, Hourly Values-Il, Flame Ionization-21
Max I-Hr Obs> Max 8-hr Cbs)
Site ID Location County Address II Cbs 1st 2nd 40 1st 2nd 10 Meth
300040015F05 Berlin Coos Co Main St. Berlin 2233 23.0 19.6 13.2 12.8 8 II
300340001F05 Keene Cheshire Co City Hall 7945 25.3 24.2 13.7 10.6 2 11
300420013F05 Manchester Hillsborough Co Bridge + Elm Sts. 4303 24.0 23.0 16.7 15.1 10 11
300480008F05 Nashua Hilisborough Co Main + Franklin Sts. 680 29.8 27.0 18.4 17.5 28 11
300540010F05 Portsmouth Rockingham Co Congress St. 8363 20.7 17.3 8.3 8.1 11
-------
TABLE 2
1979 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (ug/m 3 ) NEW HAMPSHIRE
METHOI)S: Hourly Values Colorimetric-Lyshkow-1l, Colorimetric-Griess-Saltzman-12,
Coulometric- 13, Chemiluminescence-1 4, 24-Hour G s Bubblers NASN
Sodium Arsenite Orifice-84, NASN Sodium Arsenite Frit- .94, TEA Method-95,
TGS Method-96
Max 1-Hr Max 24-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Mean Meth
30000300 1F01 Allenstown Merrimack Co Canal St. 46 44 38 16? 94
300040014F05 Berlin Coos Co Lancaster St. 11 54 40 30? 94
300120002F01 Concord Merrimack Co 61 S. Spring St. 10 41 38 16? 94
300140001F03 Coos Co Coos Co U.S. Fish Culture Sta. 23 32 31 13? 94
300160001F01 Dover Strafford Co Central Ave. 50 55 45 18? 94
300340005F01 Keene Cheshire Co 40 Mechanic St. 41 69 47 21? 94
300420009F01 Manchester Hillsborough Co Merrimack St. 5 39 36 23? 94
3004200l2F0I Manchester Hillsborough Co Manchester Bank 32 66 46 24? 94
300480005F01 Nashua Hillsborough Co 18 Mulberry St. 20 36 29 15? 94
300512004F01 Northumberland Coos Co Brooklyn St. 11 40 31 16? 94
300536001F01 Plymouth Grafton Co Plymouth State College 39 32 32 13? 94
300540005F01 Portsmouth Rockingham Co Islington St. 6 40 10 15? 94
300600002F01 Salem Rockingham Co Route 28 15 32 31 16? 94
-------
TABLE 2
1979 OZONE (PARTS PER MILLION) NEW HAMPSHIRE
METHODSt Hourly Values Chemlluminescence-l 1, Ultra Violet Dasibi CorporatIon -i 4,
Chemiluminescence Rhodamine B Dye -l5
Vals
Daily Max I-Hr . 125 Exp. # NBR Valid Miss. Days
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 3rd Meas. of Viol. Daily Max Assm. . StdMeth
300040011F05 Berlin Coos Co 116 Poplar St. 2570 .115 .100 .095 0 0 106 5 II
300420012F01 Manchester HlIisborough Co Manchester Bank 7532 .115 .115 .110 0 0 313 8 11
300480005F0l Nashua Hilisborough Co 18 Mulberry St. 1539 .050 .050 .045 0 0 62 1 11
300536002F05 Plymouth Grafton Co Municipal Airport 1230 .080 .07* .075 0 0 50 0 11
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (uglm 3 ) RHODE ISLAND
Max 24-Hr
II Obs 1st 2nd
Obs> Obs> Geometric
260 150 Mean GSD
410100001F01
410!20007F01
4101 20008F0 1
4 10140002F03
410140002F05
41018000 IFO I
4 10280002F01
410300006F0 1
410300007F01
410300016F05
4 10400002F0I
41046000 1F01
Cranston
East Providence
East Providence
Kent Co
Kent Co
Newport
Pawtucket
Providence
Providence
Providence
Westerly
Woonsocket
Providence Co
Providence Co
Providence Co
Kent Co
Kent Co
Newport Co
Providence Co
Providence Co
Providence Co
Providence Co
Washington Co
Providence Co
54 108 97
50 115 82
52 123 100
54 69 60
51 67 56
54 71 69
57 203 111
104 138 127
108 282 276
10 169 116
54 117 95
56 146 136
45 1.5
41 1.5
48 1.5
21 1.6
20 1.6
38 1.5
46 1.5
53 1.5
82 1.5
71? 1.7
52 1.5
49 1.6
METHOD: Gravimetric, 24-Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-9 I
Site ID Location
County Address
Cranston Police Dept.
Wilson School
E. Prov. Fire Station
Univ. of Rhode Island
W. Alton nones Campus
Newport City Hall
Pawtucket City Hall
187 Westminster Street
Dyer Street
300 Weybosset Street
Westerly Police Dept.
Woonsocket City Hall
3 8
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (uglm 3 ) RHODE ISLAND
\iETHODS: Hourly Values West-Gaeke Colorimetric-l 1, Conductimetric- 13, Coulometric-14, Flame Photometric-16,
Hydrogen Peroxide NAOH Titration-IS, Catalyst Flame Photometric-19, Pulsed Fluorescent-20, Second
Derivative Spectroscopy-21, Conductance Asarco-22, Ultra Violet Stimulated Fluorescence-23, Sequential
Conductimetric-33, 24-hour Gas Bubblers Pararosaniline-Sulfamic Acid-91, Pararosaniline Sulfamic Acid
Temperature Controlled-97
Max 24-Hr Obs> Max 3-Hr Obs Max 1-Hr Arithmetic
..iLtc_!D Loc tj 9 ______ County Address II Obs 1st 2nd 365 1st 2nd 1300 1st 2nd Mean Meth
410140002F03 Kent Co Kent Co Univ. of Rhode Island 3749 105 71 214 208 613 223 19? 20
410300007F01 Providence Providence Co Dyer St. 7661 166 153 519 445 602 563 48 20
4I0300011FO1 Providence Providence Co Parking Lot State St. 3869 187 155 356 338 432 373 36? 20
4l03000I6F05 Providence Providence Co 300 Weybosset St. 273 87 71 125 122 144 131 49? 14
410300016F05 Providence Providence Co 300 Weybosset St. 492 91 76 218 205 288 223 45? 20
-------
TABLE 2
1979 CARBON MONOXIDE (mg/rn 3 ) RHODE ISLAND
METHOD: Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) Continuous, Hourly Values-li, Flame lonization-21
Max i-Hr Obs > Max 8-hr Obs>
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 40 1st 2nd 10 Meth
410300009F01 Providence Providence Co 76 Dorrence St. 8502 18.4 17.8 13.0 12.8 8 11
4l03000i6F05 Providence Providence Co 300 Weybosset St. 1127 15.0 12.7 11. 8.1 1 11
-------
TABLE 2
1979 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (uglm 3 ) RHODE ISLAND
METHODS: Hourly Values Colorimetric-Lyshkow-1 1, Colorimetric-Griess-Saltzman-12,
Coulometric-I 3, Chemiiuminescence-1 4, 24-Hour Gas Bubblers NASN
Sodium Arsenite Orifice-84, NASN Sodium Arsenite Frit-94, TEA Method-95,
TGS Method-96
Max i-Hr Max 24-Hr Arit vnetic
Site ID Location - County Address Sj Q . ._J t ieJ J
410300007F01 Providence Providence Co Dyer Street 5381 263 263 70? 14
410300011F01 Providence Providence Co Parking Lot State St. 270 85 85 48? 14
-------
TABLE 2
1979 OZONE (PARTS PER MILLION) RHODE ISLAND
METHODS: Hourly Values Chemiluminescence-11, Ultra Violet Dasibi Corporation-14,
Chemiluminescence Rhodamine B Dye- 15
Vals>
Daily Max 1-Hr .125 Exp. #/ NBR Valid Miss. Days
Site ID Location County Address If Obs 1st 2nd 3rd Meas. of Viol. Daily Max Assm.
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (ug/m 3 ) VERMONT
METHOD: Gravimetric, 24 —Hour Hi-Volume Filter Sample-91
Max 24-Hr Obs> Obs> Geometric
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 260 150 Mean GSD
470040003F01 Barre Washington County South Seminary Street 53 188 172 3 60 1.7
470040004F01 Barre Washington County Websterville Road 24 115 57 28? 1.6
470080003F01 Bennington Bennington County Bennington Armory 10 86 60 41? 1.6
470120001F01 Brattleboro Windham County 103 Elliot Street 54 162 123 1 49 1.6
470140003F01 Burlington Chittenden County Winooski Avenue 80 162 160 4 60 1.7
470140005F01 Burlington Chittenden County 39 Pearl Street 10 71 58 41? 1.3
470160001F03 Caledonia Co Caledonia County Burke Mountain 6 79 31 15? 3.2
470290001F03 Lyndon Caledonla County Lyndon State College 22 57 56 20? 2.2
470350001F03 Northfield Washington County Norwich University 25 83 55 27? 1.8
47O36000lF03 Orange Co Orange County Vermont Tech. College 51 iii 53 23 1.7
470400004F01 Rutland Rutland County Wales Street 51 170 132 1 56 1.6
-------
TABLE 2
1979 SULFUR DIOXIDE (ug/m 3 ) VERMONT
METHODS: Hourly Values West-Gaeke Colorimetric-li, Conductimetric-13, Coulometric-14, Flame Photometric-16,
Hydrogen Peroxide NAOH Titration-IS, Catalyst Flame Photometric-19, Pulsed Fluorescent-20, Second
Derivative Spectroscopy-21, Conductance Asarco-22, Ultra Violet Stimulated Fluorescence-23, Sequential
Conductimetric-33, 24-hour Gas Bubblers Pararosaniline-Sulfamic Acid-9 I, Pararosaniline Sulfamic Acid
Temperature ControlJed-97
Max 24-Hr Obs> Max 3-Hr Obs> Max 1-Hr Arithmetic
Site ID Location County Address # Obs 1st 2nd 365 1st 2nd 1300 1st 2nd Mean Meth
470040003F01 Barre Washington County So. Seminary St. 7463 77 69 148 134 168 160 16 20
470140003F01 Burlington Chittenden County Winooski Avenue 7909 163 124 368 290 432 362 22 20
470400002F01 Rutland Rutland County 9 Merchants Row 1951 91 86 178 177 246 202 28? 20
-------
0 %
TABLE 2
1979 CARBON MONOXIDE (mg/rn 3 ) VERMONT
METHOD: Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) Continuous, Hourly Values-il, Flame lonizatlon-2 I
Max 1-Hr Obs) Max 8-hr Obs>
Site ID Locafion County Address II Obs 1st 2nd 40 1st 2nd 10 Meth
4701 40003F01 Burlington Chittenden Co Winooski Ave. 7518 13.5 10.4 6. 1 5.5 11
-------
-J
TABLE 2
1979 OZONE (PARTS PER MILLION) VERMONT
METHODS: Hourly Values Chemiluminescence-il, Ultra Violet Dasibi Corporation-14,
Chemiluminescence Rhodamine B Dye-iS
Vals>
Daily Max 1-Hr . 125 Exp. # NBR Valid Miss. Days
Site ID Location County Address 1/ Obs 1st 2nd 3rd Meas. of Viol. Daily Max Assm.< Std Meth
470140003F01 Burlington Chittenden Co Winooski Ave. 3940 .113 .100 .097 0 0 159 8 11
-------
NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING NATIONAL
TABLE 3
AMBIENT AIR
QUALITY STANDARDS * BY AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
-
AL CR
AQCR
TATE
.-
RT ICULATES
—
so 2
NO 2
%
24—HR SEC
24-HR PRIM
ANNUAL GM
HR
8-HR
24-HR
ANNUAL AV
ANNUAL AV
150 ug/m 3
260 ug/m 3
75 ug/a 3
40 mg/rn 3
10
inS/a 3
365 ug/m 3
100 uR/1n 3
160
Eastern Coon.
041
CT
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/1
0/1
0/2
1/1
.
Hartford — New Haven —
Springfield
042
CT
4/22
0/22
1/22
0/4
2/4
0/6
0/6
0/9
5/5
Hartford — New Haven
Springfield
042
NA
2/6
0/6
0/6
0/1
0/1
0/2
0/2
0/1
2/4
New Jersey — New York —
Connecticut
043
CT
2/9
1/9
0/9
1/3
2/3
0/5
0/5
0/8
3/3
Northwestern Connecticut
044
CT
1/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
Androecoggin Valley
107
ME
6/29
0/29
0/29
0/1
1/ 1
1/11
0/11
0/2
—
Androscoggin ValLey
107
NH
2/8
0/8
1/8
0/1
1/1
1/6
0/6
0/3
0/1
Aroostook
108
ME
1/6
0/6
0/6
—
—
2/10
•
0/10
0/3 .
0/1
Down East
109
ME
6/21
0/21
0/21
0/1
0/1
2/17
0/17
0/5
013
Metropolitan Portland
110
ME
1/13
0/13
0/13
—
0/13
0/13
0/1
1/3
Northwest Maine
111
ME
Berkshire
117
MA
1/2
0/2
0/2
—
0/2
0/
0/2
Central Massachuaette
118
Ma
1/10
0/10
0/10
0/1
0/1
0/2
0/2
0/1
3/4
Metropolitan Boston
119
MA
2/15
0/15
0/15
0/5
3/5
0/6
0/6
0/2
5/7
COMMENTS: — This pollutant ii not monitored in the AQCR (State portion)
x/y x is the number of stations in violation
y is the total uutther of stations reporting data for time period
* unless the second highest average exceeds the NAAQS there is no violation
-------
TABLE 3
NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS * BY AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
AQCR
AQCR
STATE
PARTICULATES
CO
SO”____________
O ’4
24-HR SEC
24-HR PRIM
ANNUAL GM
HR
8-HR
24-HR
ANNUAL AV
ANNUAL.AV
HR
150
og/m 3
260 ug/m 3
75
ug/rn 3
40 mg/rn 3
10 mg/rn 3
365
ug/rn 3
80
ug/m 3
100 ug/m 3
160 ug/m 3
Metropolitan Providence
120
MA
0/5
0/5
0/5
0/2
0/2
—
1/1
Metropolitan Providence
120
RI
1/12
1/12
1/12
0/2
1/2
0/4
0/4
0/2
1/2
Merrimack Valley
121
MA
0/3
0/3
0/3
0/1
0/1
0/3
0/3
—
1/1
Merrimack Valley
121
NH
2/19
0/19
0/19
0/4
3/4
0/11
0/11
0/9
0/2
Central New Hampshire
149
NH
0/1
0/1
0/1
—
—
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/1
1 Charnplain Valley
159
VT
1/3
0/3
0/3
0/1
0/1
0/2
0/2
—
0/1
‘4termont
221
VT
1/8
0/8
0/8
—
—
0/1
0/1
COMMENTS: — This pollutant is not monitored in the AQCR (State portion)
x/y x is the number of stations in violation
y is the total number of Stations reporting data for time period
* unless the second highest average exceeds the NAAQS there is no violation
-------
041
042
043
044
107
108
109
110
111
117
118
119
120
121
149
159
221
— Eastern CT
— Hartford—New Raven-
Springfield
— N.J. — N.Y. — C.T.
— North,esterfl C.T.
— Androscoggin Valley
Aroos took
Down East
— net. Portland
— Northwest N.E.
— Berkshire
— Central 1.A.
— Met. Boston
— Met. Providence
- Merriniack Valley
— Central N.H.
— Champlain Valley
— Vermont
REGION I
A R QuAL rT7’ CONrROL GIOr’4c
FIGURE 1
— 40 —
-------
TABLE 4
3
DATE 19/9(Jpnu ry — December POLLUTANT Total Suspended P&rticulates UNITS ug/m
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
HI GHEST
RE D
COMMENTS
Alert
24 hour avg.
ME
110
Brunswick Savings
Bank
20 0200 001 FOl
11I05(0O—23
24 bra,
618
108
Presque
634 Main Street —
ZO 0980 OOZFOI
3/22(00—71)
24 hrs.
511
375 ug/m
_______
Werning
-
None
___________________
I 3
625 ag/rn
—
—
—________
Ern r gflc
J 2P ____________
—--_________
—________
24 hour avg. =
—______________
—_______________
—-_________
—
3
7 ug/rn
-------
TABLE 4
DATE 1979(JanuarY - December ) POLLUTANT Carbon Monoxide UNITS mg/rn 3
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
HI HFST
COMMENTS
Alert
CT
043
Stamford
r On Library
07 1080 020 FOl
01/03(0917)
9 hro.
24.3
3 hour avg.
043
Stamford
FergusOn LibrarY
07 1080 020 FOl
01/04(04—09)
6 hrs.
24.4
)
— 17 m /
043
043
Stamford
P rW flfl library
Stamford
For 9 Ofl Library
07 1080 020 001
07 1080 020 Y J
p 1/o 5(o7—1 __
nh/e 0
10 hrs.
1 hr.
24.0
18.0
043
Stamford
F r u ofl Library
07 1080020001
01/08)1016)
7 hrS.
18.2
oai
Stamford
Forr usun LiWrary
07 1080 020 001
01/09(0417)
14 hrs.
27.5
I
p
041
Stamford
FCLVuSOO Lj y
07 1080 020 F01
oi/10(03-17j_
15 hrs.
33.7
lJ
I
043
Stamford
Foruuson Library
07 lObO 020 00
o1/11105—11i
7 hrs.
19.7
Stamford
043
041
ii j r ,ibrary_.......
Stamford
Fer 0 nn Library
07 1080 020 00.
rn 1 oeo 020 F0
01/25(09—17)
01/26 IQ5-16)
9hrs.
12 hrs.
3 .7 —
23.6
043
Stamford
F’ rrj - n Library
07 1080 020 00
01/77(05—071
3 hrs.
19.1
4
Stamford
Fercjio’.nn LibrarY
07 1080 020 FO,
01/27)09).
1 hr.
t72
043
Stamford
F’erguaon LibrarY
07 1080 020 00
01/27(11—18)
B hrs
20.7
043
Stamford
Fpr usOn Library
07 1080 020 00
- 01/29(07)
1 hr.
17.4
._..4.3._
Stamford
Fer j r n LibrarY
07 1080 020 FO
01/29(10)
1 hr.
17.2
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
o 1080 020 FO
(IL/lI (05—141
10 hrs.
22.0
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FO
02/08(07(08)
hrs.
17.2
043
Stamford
y- r n Library
07 1080 020 FO
02.114 [ 0607)
7 hrm
17(5
043
S tam ford
Feraileon Library
7 1080 020 FO
02/14 ( 10— I l)
2 bra.
17.7
-------
TABLE 4
DATE IJrY — December ) POLLUTANT carbon Monoxide UNITS mg,’m 3
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
HIGH ST
COMMENTS
Alert
CT
043
S tarn ford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
02/22(08)
1 hr.
17.2
8 hour ovg.
Stamford
Ferouson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
02/27)07—08)
2 hrs.
17.2
I
17 mg/rn
043
Stamford
F r u nn Library
07 1080 020 FO
1 hr.
17.2
043
Stamford
FpruUSOfl Library
07 1080 020 FO
04/05(12—14)
hrc.
17.2
043
Stamford
8’ rg r rihr7ry
07 1080 020 FO
05/01(06—07)
2 hrs.
18.0
Stamford
043
fl 3
rgu nr library
Stam ford
rg -’ L Li __
Stamford
(17 1080 020 80
J 20FQ
05/04(09—10)
2 hrs.
1 hr .
..........J3.7
17.0
I
043
Ferguson Library
020 FO
9 hrs.
24.1
Stamford
For uson Library
07 1080 020 FO
06/13(04—09)
6 hrs.
20.6
043
Stamford
Ferouson Library
1080 020 FO
06/14)06)
1 hr.
17.2
043
Stamford
._ erouson Library
07 1080 020 FO
06/15(04—08)
5 hrs.
19.8
043
Stamford
rg — r I hrary
07 11180 020 FO
O7/02 (06— 7 (
2 hrs.
17.8
043
Stamford
FtIcr n Library
07 1080 020 FO
07/02)09)
1 hr.
17.3
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FO
07/12(03—10)
8 hrs.
21.8
043
Stamford
Fpr uson Library
Stamford
07 1080 020 FO
08/13(09—12)
4 hrs,
19.8
043
Ferou000 Library
07 1080 020 E 0
08/14(05—15)
11 bra..
.2.5.5
9..
Stamford
F r I1cOfl Library
07 1080 020 FO
08/15(04—101
7 hrs.
19.1
043
Stamford
F rTI rlfl library
07 1080 020 FO
08/17)0512)
8 hrs.
21.].
043
Stamford
i r , nn rihrai y
07 1080 020 Pp
08/21(0607)
2 hrs.
17.4
-------
TABLE 4
DATE 1979)January - December ) POLLUTANT Carbon Monoxide UNITS ng/m 3
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD ISTATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
HI j T
R R D
COMMENTS
Alert I
043
Stanford
Ferouson Library
07 1080 020 Fol
08/30(0911)
3 hrs.
17.2
8 hour avg. = L
p43
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 Fol
09/06(13)
09/07(03—llj
1 hr.
17.0
—
17 5: 1/n 3
341
S tan ford
Ferouson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
9 hrs.
21.4
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
1aRO 020 E0
n9/17(05—06)
2 bra.
17.6
043
Stanford
I’ergupon Library
07 1080 020 101
09/26105—071
3 hrs.
s
Stamford
20.1
t
a
a
1141
043
Fnryucon library
Stamford
Fer ihrar_
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
07 1080 020 FOl
09/26 )0912)
QJQ )l 3 ) —
4 bra.
1 hr.
171
I
043
07 1080 20 FOl
10/09)09—1LL......
4 hru.
21.6
—
Stanford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
8 bra.
18.8
043
Stamford
Forgunnn library
07 1080 020 FOl
10/11 )031_,_
9 bra.
7 7
043
Stamford
Library
07 1080 020 101
10/12)13—15)
3 hrs.
17.6
043
Stan ford
Fpri on library
07 1080 020 FOl
10/13 )06—1k)
10 bra.
22.2
043
Stanford
Library
07 1080 020 rol
10/15)02-14)
13 hrs.
26.6
043
Stanford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
10/22)0307)
5 hrs.
18.5
nj
Stanford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
10/25(10—12)
3 hrs.
17.8
Stam ford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
10/26(06)
1 hr
17.6
Stan ford
Ferouson Library
cr1 1(111(1 (120 FOl
10/29(06—07)
2 hrs.
18.6
043
Stamford
Fprgiicor library
07 1080 020 FOl
10/29(10)
1 hr.
17.0
043
Stamford
F rreicnr Ti hrarv
07 1080 020 FOl
11/01(03—07)
S hr .
19.8
-------
TABLE 4
3
DATE 1979iianuarv - December ) POLLUTANT Carbon Monoxide UNITS my/rn
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO,/DAY(TIME)
DURATION
COMMENTS
Alert
CT
043
Stamford
FOrVI505 Tihr ry
07 1080 020 FOl
11/06(07)
1 hr.
17.3
I
8 hour avg.
043
Stamford
Ferpuson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
11)07)05—14)
10 hrs.
23.5
— 17 mg/rn 3
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
11/15(09—14)
6 hrs.
23.1
—
043
Stamford
Fpr LIsnn 1ibr - ry
07 1080 020 f.QL
11/16(06—17)
12 bra.
22.3
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
((7 1080 020 FOl
11/17(08—13)
6 hrs.
ioo
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
n7 1(1.50 1125 F01
11/2U08-07L__
2 bra.
17.4
a
s
p43
Stamford
Ferguson Library
071080020F01
j /27 )05—1S)
11 hrs
22.2
I
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
11/28(09—12)
4 hrs.
10.4
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
p7 1080 020 FOl
11/29)03—16)
18 hrs.
22.13
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
(17 108(1 020 FOl
11/30 )053.6j . .
12 hrs.
23.3
(181
Stamford
Ferguson L (hrsry
07 1080 020 FOl
12/01)08)
1 hr.
17.2
043
S tam ford
m ryu L 1 y
Stamford
(17 1(15(1 (17(1 101
12103 )05—15)
11 hrs.
24.6
043
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
12704)0117)
13 bra.
27.1
043
Stamford
Fcrguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
12/05(02—08)
7 hrs.
21.0
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 10-130 n70 yQ1
j QiQ 0 J_
6 hrs.
22.0
Stamford
043
Feru I sog Library
Stamford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
n- i ifian 1170 Ff11
12/071(07—111
12/10(03—09)
11 hrs.
7 hrs,
25.3
.— ..
043
St am ford
Ferquson Library
57 1Q80 020 FOl
12/11(12)
5 hr.
J .7.2
043
S tam ford
Ferguson Library
07 1080 020 FOl
12/11(14—161
i h s
177
-------
TABLE 4
DATE 1g79 Januar V—-.- ---. POLLUTANT Carbon Monoxide UNITS mg/rn 3
STATIONS Wt ERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
HI ’ST
fb
COMMENTS
Alprt
CT
043
Stamford
Ferguson Library_
07 1080 020 FOl
12/12(02—16)
hrs
22.5
—
8 hou r avo.
043
Stamford
FerguSon Li rarv_
07 1080 020 FOl
12/14(07-17)
ii hr 5.
24.4
17 mg/rn 3
043
S tam ford
lru n Library
Q7 1080 020 FOl
12/18105—14 )
in hr .
23.9
043
Stamford
Library —
07 1080 020 F QL
l)/7 )fl7_1)l
a hrs_
18.3
Stamford
Fer ucon Library
n -i 1ORO 020 rnal_
12/27(06-46)
11 hrs.
24.5
,
043
Stamford
FerauaOfl Library
57 1Q80 020 1-01
12/28(06—15)
10 hrs.
22.6
.
°
.
04
Starforci
T m e Library
07 1090 020 FOl
2 .9(Q74)
B hrs.
19.9
MA
119
Boston
Kenmore Square
22 0240 002 FOl
02/28)17-18)
2 firs.
17.2
119
Boston
Vjscoflti Street
22 0240 016 501
02/28(16—18)
3 hrs.
17 .8
.
119
Ned ford
The Fefl wav & Rt. 16
22 1220 003 501
02/28(1521)
7 hr .
23.1
.
NI)
121
No shCa
33 Main Street
30 0480 008 105
01/04(11—13) —
3 hra._
17.5
121
Na shu a
33 Main Street
30 0480 008 (-05
01/09)10—13)
hrs_
18.4
Ernprp eflCV
? Innc-
8 hour avg.
46 mg/rn 3
-------
TABLE 4
3
DATE 1979(Jencipry — December ) POLLUTANT CThrhnn M yi UNITS mg/rn
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
COMMENTS
warniny
None
B_hour_avg.
=
34 mu/rn
a
.J
-------
TA LE 4
DATE 1a,o
floromber
POLLUTANT Ozone
UNITS
STATIONS WHERE READINGS EXCEED EPISODE LEVELS
MI )
lexing toO
60 We tv ew Street 22 1n6n cc i rcs C6/i6 (2fl 1 hr.
119
119
Lincoln
Li nco in
nrrimiin Farm
72
1065 001
F I ll
22
1065 001
FOi
110
Worcester
W,-. at- ArmOrt-
) )
ICAfl nit.
n;/riQ ( c r
1
hr
06/16(19)
hr
21 6
.220
-I /11 (1 1
1 hr
.220
STANDARD
STATE
AQCR
CITY
SITE NO.
MO./DAY(TIME)
DURATION
HI j T
COMMENTS
Alert
CT
042
Derby
Caroline St. xt.
07 0190 123 FOl
06L j 4)
1 hr.
.233
1 hour avg.
042
Ha r t ford
West St. & Caoitol V
07 0420 123 FOl
06/16117)
1 hr.
.231 -
.204 ours
042
Litchfield Co.
Mo ic Dais
07 0478 001 103
06/16 )171
hr.
.220
1 )42
Litchfield Co.
MorriS Dam
07 0478 001 hQ.LL
07/20108)
1 hr.
.210
042
Litchfieid Co.
Morris Dais
07 0478 001 103
07/24(17)
1 hr.
.201
t-
042
Litchfield Co.
Morri Dais
07 0478 001 103
P /_Q1IL7 L _
1 hr.
.230
_
is
—
Litchfieid Co.
New Haven
VQiQ41 ki Q 3
1 hr.
.310
142
, j te Street
1_D7O 123 101
06/16)
1 hr.
.205_
-------
TRENDS IN SECOND MAXIMUM DAILY AIR QUALITY
The following charts list the 197.5 to 1979 Pollutant Standards Index for four
pollutants in ten metropolitan areas in New England.
The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) structure includes the pollutants for
which primary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) have been
established. These pollutants are: total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur
dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (co), photochemical oxidants (O3) and nitrogen
dioxide (NO 2 ). For each pollutant, a subindex is calculated from a segmented
linear function which transforms ambient concentrations onto a scale which ranges
from 0 to 500, with 100 corresponding to the primary NAAQS concentrations and
500 corresponding to the significant harm levels. The breakpoints between 100 and
500 are based on Federal Episode Criteria as defined in 40 CFR 58, Appendix G. A
value of 50 represents 50% of the short-term primary NAAQS except for TSP and
SO 2 where a value of 50 represents the annual NAAQS. For TSP a value of 70
represents the secondary standard of 150 ug/m 3 24-hour average.
PSI is primarily a health-related index as shown by the descriptor words:
“good,” “moderate,” “unhealthful,” “very unhealthful,” and “hazardous,” (Table 5).
The breakpoints used to separate these descriptor words are somewhat arbitrary.
On the basis of health effects data above, it is not possible to establish a sharp
demarcation between any two descriptor words. However, when the five pollutants
were examined in the context of severity of health effects, their NAAQS and EPA
suggested administrative Alert, Warning, and Emergency levels tended to provide
convenient breakpoints
PSI should not be used to rank cities. An EPA evaluation of PSI in eight
cities illustrated the difficulties of attempting to compare air quality levels in
different cities using this or any other index. PSI is designed for the daily reporting
of air quality to advise the public of potentially acute, but not chronic, health
effects. To properly rank the air pollution problems in different cities, one should
rely not just on air quality data but should include all data on population
characteristics, daily population mobility, transportation patterns, industrial
composition, emission inventories, meteorological factors, and the spatial represen-
tativeness of air monitoring sites. A correct ranking should also consider the
— 49 —
-------
number of people actually exposed to various concentrations, as well as the
frequency and duration of their exposure.
— 50 —
-------
TAI’%LE 5
COMPARISON OF PSI VAL!JES WITH POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS, DESCRIPTOR WORDS
GENERALIZED HEALTH EFFECTS, AND CAIJTIONARY STATEMENTS
Pollutant Levels
TSI SO CO 0 NO
(?4-hou ) , (24-ho ) , (8-hour , ( -ho i , (I
ug/rn ug/rn
500 Signilirant
larin
401) Emergency
Premature death of ill and
elderly. Healthy people
will experience adverse
symptoms that affect their
normal activity.
Premature onset of certain
diseases in addition to sig-
nificant aggravation of
symptoms and decreased
exercise tolerance in
healthy persons.
Significant aggravation of
symptoms and decreased
exercise tolerance in
Very persons with heart or lung
Unhealthful
disease, with widespread
syniptorns in the healthy
population.
Mild aggravation of symp-
IJnhealthful toms in susceptible persons
with irritation symptoms in
the healthy population.
Moderate
All persons should remain
indoors, keeping windows and
doors closed. All persons
should minimize physical exer-
tion and avoid traffic.
Elderly and persons with exist-
ing diseases should stay indoors
and avoid physical exertion.
General population should avoid
outdoor activity.
Elderly and persons with exist-
ing heart or lung disease should
stay indoors and reduce physical
activity.
Persons with existing heart or
respiratory ailments should
reduce physical exertion and
outdoor activity.
50 50% of NAAQS
75 b 80 h
5.0 120 a
Good
1)
0 0
0 0
a
dN a index values reported at concentration levels below those specified by “Alert Level” criteria.
bAnnual primary NAAQS.
C 400 ug/nn 3 was used instead of the () Alart Level of 200 ug/mn (see text).
Index Air Quality
Value Level
Health
Effect
Descriptor
General Health Effects Cautionary Statements
1000
2620
57.5
1200
3750
S75
2100
46.0
1000
3000
Hazardous
300
Warning
625
1600
34.0
800
2260
200
Alert
375
800
17.0
4 OO
1130
100
NAAQS
260
365
10.0
235
a
-------
PSI
Bridgeport, CT
= TSP: City Hall
= SO 2 : City Hall
= CO: State Street
= 03: Derby
Particulate levels for 1975-1979 were moderate although violations to
secondary ambient air quality standards were recorded in 1976. Secondary
particulate violations were also recorded at other sites in the Bridgeport
area in 1976, 1977, and 1979. Sulfur dioxide levels were moderate for this
period. Carbon monoxide levels are unhealthful. Ozone levels have
decreased from very unhealthful to unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealth—
ful, very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be
noted that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second
maximum daily averages and are not representative of average population
exposure but rather of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 2
20’
10’
50
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
— 52 —
-------
PSI
= TSP: Library
= SO 2 : West Street
= CO:
= 03:
1975—1978 — Old State House; 1979 — 221 Asylum
Enfield — Elm Street
Particulate and sulfur dioxide levels were moderate from 1975 to present.
However, violations to secondary particulate standards continue to be
recorded at the library site. At the Old State House site, which is not
a peak middle scale site, the carbon monoxide data continues to show that
air quality levels are unhealthful. Ozone levels remain unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate,
unhealthful, very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5.
It should be noted that the pollution levels chosen on this chart
represent second maximum daily averages and are not representative
of average population exposure but rather of the maximum pollution
levels for the year.
Figure 3
— 53 —
Hartford, CT
300
200
100
50
k
1975 1976
1978
-------
PSI
New Haven, CT
300
200
100
50
L J
= TSP: Clinton School
= SO 2 : State Street
J = CO: City Hall
03: 1975—1978 — Haxnpden, 1979 — State Street
Particulate and sulfur dioxide levels were moderate from 1975 to present.
However, violations to the secondary particulate standards were recorded
in 1975, 1976, and 1979 at several sites in the New Haven area. For
carbon monoxide, except for 1979, the levels have been unhealthful.
During 1979 CO levels were moderate. Ozone levels remain very
unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealth—
ful, very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be
noted that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second
maximum daily averages and are not representative of average population
exposure but rather of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 4
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
— 54 —
-------
PSI
Bangor, ME
H = TSP: Central Street
= S0 : Central Street
= CO: Central Street
= 03: Cape Elizabeth
Particulate levels except for 1975 were moderate. Howevez, at this and
other sites in the Bangor area, violations to secondary particulate stan-
dards were recorded in each year. Sulfur dioxide levels have been
moderate. Carbon monoxide levels have shown a decrease over this period
from very unhealthful to moderate. Ozone is measured in the Bangor area;
however, the State’s maximum ozone site is at Cape Elizabeth where levels
were unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealth-
ful, very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be
noted that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second
maximum daily averages and are not representative of average population
exposure but rather of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 5
200
150
100
50
H
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
— 55 —
-------
PSI
Boston, MA
1975
Kenmore Square
Kenmore Square
Kenmore Square
Fellsway and Route 16
= 03: 1976—1977 — West Newbury, 1978—1979 — Georgetown
At Kenmore Square particulate levels have been moderate; however, violations
of secondary particulate standards have been recorded at this and other sites
in the Boston area for the period 1975 to 1979. Sulfur dioxide levels have
remained unchanged and are moderate. At Kenniore Square, which is a middle
scale site, carbon monoxide levels have shown a decrease over this period
from very unhealthful to unhealthful. Maximum ozone levels in the Boston
area continue to be unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealthful,
very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be noted
that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second maximum daily
averages and are not representative of average population exposure but rather
of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 6
CO:
03:
200
* I
I I
1976
1977
= TSP:
= SO 2 :
1978 1979
L.a
— 56 —
-------
PSI
Springfield, MA
I = TSP: Taylor Street
= SO 2 : East Columbus Avenue
F = CO: East Columbus Avenue
03: Amherst
At the Taylor Street site, particulate levels have been moderate, although
secondary particulate standards have been violated each year for the period
1975—1978. Both primary and secondary particulate standards violations have
been reported at other sites in the Springfield area for the period of 1975—
1978. For sulfur dioxide, the levels have been moderate. Carbon monoxide
levels remain unhealthful. Ozone levels in the Springfield area are
unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealthful,
very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be noted
that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second maximum daily
averages and are not representative of average population exposure but rather
of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 7
300
200
100
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
— 57 —
-------
= SO 2 : New Salem and Washington Streets
= CO: New Salem and Washington Streets
= 03: New Salem and Washington Streets
At the Front Street site, particulate levels were unhealthful in 1975 and
were moderate for the other years in this period. Secondary particulate
violations were recorded at this site. Primary NAAQS violations for par—
ticulates were recorded at the New Salem site for the period 1975—1978.
Sulfur dioxide levels were moderate for this period. The carbon monoxide
levels have shown a decline since 1975 from unhealthful to moderate.
Ozone levels have remained unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealth—
ful, very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should
be noted that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second
maximum daily averages and are not representative of average population
exposure but rather of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 8
PSI Worcester, MA
300
200
100
50
1975 1976
= TSP:
Front Street
1977
1978 1979
— 58 —
-------
PSI
Manchester, NH
—__
= TSP: Merrimack Street
= TSP: Health Department
= SO 2 : Merrimack Street
= CO: Merrimack Street
= 03: Merrimack Street
Particulate levels were moderate, although the secondary particulate standards
have been exceeded at this site each year. Sulfur dioxide levels remained
moderate. Carbon monoxide values at this site have declined from unhealthful
to moderate; however, this site does not meet EPA criteria for a peak middle
scale carbon monoxide site. Ozone levels have remained unhealthful in
southern New Hampshire.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealthful,
very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be noted
that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second maximum daily
averages and are not representative of average population exposure but rather
of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 9
200
50
1975
1976
1979
— 59 —
-------
Providence, RI
= SO 2 :
Dyer Street
= CO: Dorrance Street
= 03:
Attleboro, MA
Particulate levels at the Westminster Street site have been moderate; however,
violations to the secondary particulate standards were reported in 1977, and a
violation to the annual primary standard was reported in 1978. Additional
violations for both primary and secondary standards have been reported at other
Providence sites for all years during this period. Sulfur dioxide levels are
moderate. Carbon monoxide levels have shown a slight decline; however, the
levels are still unhealthful. Ozone levels remain unhealthful in the
Providence area.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, unhealthful,
very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be noted
that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second maximum daily
averages and are not representative of average population exposure but rather
of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 10
300
200
100
1975
19
= TSP: Westminster Street
U
1979
— 60 —
-------
‘I
Burlington, VT
4—
The particulate levels are moderate; however, in 1977 both annual primary
and secondary particulate standard violations were reported. This may have
been due to construction in the area. In 1979, there were violations to
the secondary standard. Sulfur dioxide levels are moderate. Carbon
monoxide levels have shown a decline, and currently levels are moderate.
Ozone levels are unhealthful.
The general terms which describe the air quality (good, moderate, urihealthful,
very unhealthful and hazardous) are defined in Table 5. It should be noted
that the pollution levels chosen on this chart represent second maximum daily
averages and are not representative of average population exposure but rather
of the maximum pollution levels for the year.
Figure 11
300
200
1975
1976
= TSP: S. Winooski Avenue
1977 1978
= SO 2 : S. Winooski Avenue
= CO: S. Winooski Avenue
= 03: S. Winooski Avenue
1979
— 61 —
------- |