CHARLES RIVER
LOWER BASIN
STUDY
Data Report
January, 1976
11. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region I
Surveillance And Analysis Division
2 O Highland Avenue
Needham, MA 021914

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CHARLES RIVER LOWER BASIN STUDY
DATA REPORT
INTRODUCTION
At the request of and with assistance from the Metropolitian
District Commission (MDC), EPA, Region I, Surveillance and Analysis
Division collected samples of the water and sediment in the Charles
River Lower Basin from the Elliot Street Bridge to the site of the
new dam at Charlestown Bridge. (See Appendix A.)
The main objective of the study is to provide data on the salt
water wedge and sediment in the Lower Charles River from the Elliot
Street Bridge to the new dam site. These data will be used by the
MDC’s consultant (Camp Dresser and McKee, Inc.) to evaluate the
effects of removing the salt water wedge behind the present dam.
The data is needed to evaluate the effects of salt water pumping
on the receiving waters and the effect of the river sediments on:
1. Fresh water which replaces the salt water wedge, or
2. Disposal problems associated with removal sediments.
The data is also to be used to verify and supplement the data
developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in its 1967 study.
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The sampling stations were selected by the MDC, Division of’
Environmental Quality and are similar to stations used by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers in 1967. Station locations are shown in
Figure 1 and describ d in Table 1.
Joint EPA-MDC crews collected samples at each station above the
existing Museum of’ Science Dam on July 1 and 2, 1975. In addition,
they determined cross sections (see Appendix B) and temperature and

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salinity profiles, (see Appendix C) between the Museum of Science Dam
and the Elliot Street Bridge.
Due to a shipping accident, the pesticide—PCB samples were lost
and recollected on August 114, 1975. Three additional samples were
collected between the new dam site and the Museum of Science Dam.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The water samples collected at each station were analyzed for
zooplankton counts and scanned for heavy metals.
The zooplankton sample labels were incomplete so it was not pos-
sible to identify the individual depths at each station. Therefore,
composite samples of the various depths were analyzed. The results
are presented in Appendix D.
The x-ray scan identifies elemental metals in the sample. No
unusual concentration of heavy metals was found in any samples.
(See Appendix E.)
The EPA Regional Laboratory analyzed the sediment samples collected
on July 1 and 2, 1975, for percent moisture, percent volatile solids,
COD (dry weight), oil and grease (dry weight), and an x-ray metal
scan. The EPA, Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, Laboratory analyzed
the sediment samples collected on August 114, 1975, for present
moisture, PCB and pesticides. This chemical analysis data is pre-
sented in Appendix F.
The biologist from the EPA Regional Laboratory in Needham,
Massachusetts, collected and evaluated core sediment samples from
the Charles River Lower Basin. The composition of the cores was
noted and the samples returned to the Needham Laboratory for in vitro
berithic respirometer analysis and benthos counts (see Appendix G).
Since all of the stations were devoid of benthic invertibrate life

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except the station just below the Watertown Dam only qualitative
analysis was conducted.
As per agreement with the MDC, the sediment samples were not
analyzed using the EPA “Shake Test”. The information on the effects
of the sediment on the water column can be obtained from the disturbed
sample SOD.
DISCUSSION
The cross section data closely approximates the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineer t s 1967 data except for Runs 2 and .1.. Both of these ex-
ceptions are on the lowest portion of the Basin between the Longfellow
Bridge and the Museum of Science Darn.
The salinity and temperature data shows that the salt wedge is
between eight and ten feet below the surface.
The sediment analysis shows the sludge to be high in organic
content with 0.1 1 -i to 0.93 percent oil and grease. One sediment sample
collected below the existing dam (CRL BS1) had a relatively high PCB
concentration (71.9 mg/kg).
The undisturbed sediment oxygen demands are in the normal range
expected. However, the disturbed samples show extremely high SOD.

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TABLE 1
CHARLES RIVER L0 1ER BASIN STUDY
1975
Station Location
CRLB1M 200 meters upstream of
Museum of Science Dam
CRLB2B 200 meters downstream
of Longfellow Bridge
CRLB2OM 250 meters upstream of
Longfellow Bridge
CRLB6B 350 meters downstream
of Harvard Bridge
CRLB7M 800 meters downstream of
Boston University Bridge
CRLB 12M At Elliot Bridge
CRLBlI M At Arsenal Street Bridge
CRLB3OM At Route 16 Bridge
Watertown Square
CRLBSO1 100 meters downstream of
Museum of Science Dam
CRLBSO2 140 meters upstream of rail-
road bridge, downstream of
Museum of Science Dam
CRLBSO3 Just downstream of railroad
bridge and upsti am of new
dam site

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APPENDIX A
REQUEST LETTER

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A
,‘J ii7d’ (? /1w//JJi0//,
20 ‘ iie i’Ja ’ 9 ee4 OJ1O,, 02/CW
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY RECr_ 1 V
‘i 1975
March 19 1974 ‘ , . Dy,
C”ON 1
Mr. Edward V. Fitzpatrick
Director, Surveillance and Analysis Division
Environmental Protection Agency
240 Highland Avenue
Needham, Massachusetts 02194
Dear Mr. Fitzpatrick:
The Metropolitan District Commission is presently negotiatingwith an engineering
consultant to develop a safe and effective method for removing the stratified
salt water from the Charles River Basin. We are planning to implement the
consultant’s recommendation before the completion of the new Charles River Dam
in December 1977.
In order to ensure that we obtain good background information and at the same
time reduce the cost of the engineering study we are proposing that the MDC and
other state and federal agencies provide much of this data.
I have had preliminary discussions on this matter with Myron Knudson and Dave
Stonefield during the past few weeks, Both suggested that if we wanted EPA
help, we outline the exact nature of the work to you in writing. The desired
information can be obtained over a period of months so that hopefully you will
be able to work this into your busy 1975-6 schedule.
We would appreciate your assistance both in the field and in the laboratory
on the following:
1. Soundings in the deeper sections of the Basin by recording fathometer.
MDC draftsmen will plot the data on maps.
2. Chemical analyses of approximately 8 mud samples for:
Volatile solids
Oil and Grease
Metals
Pesticides
EPA “Shake” test
for dredgings

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—2—
3. Oxygen demand n 2 or 3 mud samples
4. Zoo-plankton counts on 8 samples of water three times during the year.
(total of 24 samples)
I realize that this work represents many man—hours of work. I feel however
that your laboratory is one of the few that can provide reliable data on
many of the above tests.
I would be happy to meet with you at your convenience to discuss the matter
further.
Very truly yours,
D ector
Division of Environmental Quality
AFF/g

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APPENDIX B
CROSS SECTIONS

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    -------
APPENDIX C
CONDUCTIVITY SALINITY TEMPERATURE PROFILES

    -------
DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY SALINITY TEMPERATURE
feet millimhos/cm 0/00
STATION: ELLIOT STREET BRIDGE
2 1.7 1.2 22.9
5 7.2 4.4 23.7
10 15.2 10.5 19.9
14 13.3 9.2 19.9
STATION: WESTERN AVENUE BRIDGE
2 4.5 3.0 22.6
5 5.3 3.2 23.3
7 13.0 7.3 26.0
9 19.0 12.9 20.0
11 20.6 14.8 18.9
STATION: STORMWATER DETENTION CENTER BRIDGE
2 6.0 2.7 23.9
5 6.0 3.7 24.0
7 6.0 3.7 24.0
9 18.4 11.1 23.0
11 21.4 15.2 19.2

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DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY SALINITY TEMPERATURE
feι miliirnhos7cm 0/00
STATION: RUN 9
2 7.7 4.8 24.3
4 9.9 6.0 23.6
6 11.2 7.0 23.5
8 13.0 8.2 23.5
10 23.1 16.7 18.0
12 24.5 18.5 16.3
14 24.4 19.1 15.2
16 25.2 19.6 15.2
18 25.1 19.9 14.5
20 25.6 21.4 12.4
22 26.0 22.2 11.4
24 26.3 22.5 11.1
26 24.5 20.7 11.8
STATION: RUN 6
2 9.5 5.9 23.2
4 9.8 6.2 22.6
6 11.7 7.4 22.5
8 26.8 18.4 20.8
10 28.2 19.] 20.3
12 33.4 24.4 19.0
14 36.3 27.4 17.9
16 36.8 28.4 17.0
18 36.9 28.6 17.0

    -------
DEPTH
feet
SALINITY
0/00
TEMP ERATURE
STATION: RUN 6 (cont.)
20
22
24
26
28
30
RUN 4
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
36.4
36.0
36.9
33.7
32.7
32.8
8.0
8, 5 :
10.6
11.5
25.5
28.0
29.1
33.2
34.8
35.6
35.4
35.7
36.2
36.6
36.9
27.7
28.5
28.7
26.0
25.0
24.8
5.0
5.5
6.7
7.3
17.6
19.7
20.6
24.3
26.3
27.7
28.0
28.3
28.6
28.6
28.7
17.8
16.8
16.8
17.0
16.9
17.3
23.4
22.6
23.5
22.6
20.7
20.3
20.3
19,3
18.3
16.7
15.9
16.1
16.2
16.4
16.6
CONDUCTIVITY
millimhos /crn
STATION:

    -------
DEPTH CONDUCT IVIT? SALINITY TEMPERATURE
feet rnillimhos/cm 0/00
STATION: RUN 2
2 8.2 5.1 22.9
4 8.7 5.6 22.5
6 10.8 6.8 22.9
8 22.2 14.9 21.5
10 22.6 18.7 20.7
12 28.6 20.1 20.1
14 30.5 22.2 19.8
16 34.1 24.4 18.9
18 35.0 26.9 17.4
20 34.7 28.8 16.9
22 34.7 26.6 17.5
24 34.7 26.5 17.2
26 34.3 26.2 17.7
28 33.6 26.6 17.8
30 33.8 25.5 17.9
STATION: RUN VI
2 7.8 5.0 22.5
4 8.2 5.3 22.4
6 11.1 7.1 22.9
8 16.3 10.4 22.7
10 24.7 17.5 19.4
12 27.2 19.4 19.2
14 29.5 21.5 19.1

    -------
DEPTH
feet
STATION: RUN VI (cont.)
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
CONDUCTIVITY
mill imhos
31.2
32.2
32.0
33.2
32.5
30.4
29.3
22.7
22.8
24.5
24.9
25.0
24.7
24.3
19.7
18.8
17.9
18.2
16.8
14.4
12.2
STATION: RUN IV
2
8.4
9.7
11.3
20.7
24.0
27.0
28.3
29.8
30.6
25.8
25.6
25.6
5.1
6.1
7.3
13.6
17.5
19.8
20.9
22.2
22.7
19.2
18.8
18.6
22.7
22.6
23.0
22.4
18.2
18.5
17.9
17.8
18.0
17.7
18.0
18.5
SALINITY
0/00
TEMPERATURE
oc
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24

    -------
DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY SALINITY TEMPERARURE
feet millimhos/cm 0/00
STATION: RUN II
2 8.9 5.6 23.4
4 9.5 5.9 23.1
6 15.3 9.8 23.0
8 22.9 15.8 20.9
10 24.5 18.0 18.0
12 25.7 19.5 16.6
14 26.8 20.7 15.3
16 28.6 22.2 15.9
18 29.7 22.8 16.4
20 29.3 23.1 15.7
22 28.5 23.5 13.7
24 28.5 24.3 12.0
26 29.1 25.1 11.8
28 29.7 25.5 11.9
30 26.0 21.8 12.7
32 26.0 21.7 13.0

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APPENDIX D
ZOOPLANKTON COUNTS

    -------
Charles River, Mass.
Field Data and Zooplankton Per Liter (Composlte)*
July 1, 1975
Depth Zooplankton** River
Station Meters Salinity Telnp°C Per Liter Mile
CRLB lB .3 7.3 24 1.3
3.8 21.0 20.5 5.5
7.3 23.9 19.9
CRLB 2B .3 7.9 24.7 1.4
3.0 12.8 23.0 5.5
5.8 18.8 20.3
CRLB 20M .3 6.4 23.7 2.0
2.4 8.9 23.5 9.2
4.9 19.9 18.2
CRIB 6B .3 5.6 23.3 2.5
2.3 5.6 23.3 5.5
4.3 5.9 23.2
CRLB 7M .3 5.0 23.6 3.0
1.8 5.1 23.4 11.8
3.4 5.1 23.5
CRLB 12M .3 No Data No Data 6.1
2.1 4.4
4.3
CRIB 14M .3 7.3
3.4 2.6
CRLB 3DM .15 9.6
1.0 .37
*Composite of two samples at different depths; depths
and proper lab nunther not recorded On tags.
**Zooplax .J(ton: Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera

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APPENDIX E
WATER COLU1 ANALYSIS

    -------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Surveillance and Analysis Division
240 Highland Avenue, Needham Heights, Mass. 02194
JECT. Analysis of Water Samples from DATE December 1, 1975
the Charles River
FROrVI: Edward L. TaY1or& 7
TO. David Stonefield
TSS
This will supplement the 9/30/7 5 memo re sediment analysis of the
Charles. We have completed the water analysis on the X-ray scan and
find no unusual concentration of heavy metal in any sample.
Sample numbers analyzed attached.
EPA Form 1320-6 (Rev. 6.72)

    -------
APPENDIX F
SEDIMENT ANALYSIS
July 1—2, 1975

    -------
PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY

    -------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
3JECT Sediments from the Charles River DATE• Sept. 30, 1975
FROM: Edward L. Taylor, Chief ( ‘ 2—
Chemistry Section
io. David Stonefield, Chief
Technical Studies
We have analyzed sample numbers 27692, 27693, 27694, 27695, 27696,
27697, 27698 and 27699 on the X-ray Fluorescence.
There were very high iron concentrations and the expected amounts
of Cu, Zn, and Pb in the sediments.
cc: Dr. Spittler
EPA Form 1320.6 (Rev. 6.72)

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APPENDIX C
SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND

    -------
APPENDIX B
Charles River
Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) and Benthos Study
7/1 — 7/2/75
Sediment samples collected from the Charles River Lower Basin
on July 1-2, 1975 were returned to the EPA, Region I laborator ’ and
Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) analysis was performed in vitro utilizing
a laboratory model benthic respirometer. The results in Table I are
calculated from the following equation:
2 — Of) (V )
SOD gin 0 2 /m /day = SA
t
Where: 0 j = Initial dissolved oxygen
Of = Final dissolved oxygen
V = Volume confined water (m 3 )
SA = Surface area of Sediment (m 2 )
t = time days
The mean SOD rates for stations CRLB-lM, CRLB-7M, and CRLB—20M are
1.56, 1.16, and 1.04 gm 0 2 /m 2 /day respectively for Settled, undisturbed
sediments. The uptake range was from 0.95 - 1.69 gin 0 2 /m 2 /day for the
above stations.
The SOD rates for disturbed or roiled sediments for stations
CRLB-lN and CRLB-7M are 9.16 and 10.45 gin 0 2 /m 2 /day respectively.
Considering the loose, fluid nature of the bottom sediments in the
Charles River Lower Basin, any dredging or pu nping undoubtedly would
disturb the bottom material. The extremely high rates given for dis-
turbed sediments Should therefore be evaluated as a practical and
realistic estimate of SOD. In all cases the sediments analyzed were

    -------
2.
similar composition i.e. , fine particle size, black and soupy with
a pungent sulfide odor. Figure I gives a comparison of the uptake
curves for the disturbed and undisturbed sediments taken from station
CRLB-1M.
Table II lists the results of corings taken on 7/1—7/2/75. In
general the bottom of the Charles River Lower Basin is covered with
a black. soupy sludge to a mean depth of 0.28 meters. This sludge
overlies a more consolidated layer of grey clay—like material which
on the basis of our results has at least a mean depth of 0.22 meters.
Table II I arrays the field data for depth, temperature, salinity
and dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Table IV shows the Charles River Lower Basin to be devoid of
benthic invertebrate life. Station 3CM (Watertown) has three kinds of
benthos. Station 30M is the uppe ost station collected for this study.

    -------
TABLE I
Sediment Oxygen Demand, Charles River, Massachusetts
July 1975
Station Lab # Date Temp°C Dissolved SOD Mean Sediment Comments
Oxygen Rate SOD Rate Description
Initial gmO 2 /m 2 /d gmO 2 /m 2 7d
CRLB-1M 25126 7/17/75 20±2 8.9 1.69 1.56 Black soupy sludge Undisturbed
CRLB—1M 25832 7/17/75 20±2 8.2 1.43
CRLB—1M 25832 7/18/75 20±2 6.2 9.16 9.16 ‘I Disturbed roiled
CRLB—7M 25838 7/16/75 20±2 7.4 1.16 1.16 ‘I Undisturbed
CRLB—7M 25840 7/16/75 20±2 7.8 1.16
CRLB—7M 25838 7/16/75 20+2 4.4 10.45 10.45 ‘ Disturbed roiled
CRLB—20M 25835 7/14/75 20+2 7.0 0.95 1.04 Undisturbed
CRLB—20M 25835 7/14/75 20±2 7.0 1.14

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TABLE II
Station Number
CRLB- 1M
CRLB- 2B
‘I
In Channel
CRLB- 2Cm
Mid Channel
CRLB- 2Cm
Boston Side
CRLB— 20m
Cambridge Side
CRLB- 6B
BOSton Side
Sediment Coring Resu] ts
Charles River, Massachusetts
7/1 — 7/2/75
Total Core
Penetration
Meters
.6 7m
.6 im
• 71m
• 68m
51m
1Cm
• 58m
Core Compostion
Vertical Profile
Meters
Top to Bottom
.3Cm Black Soupy Sludge
.37m Black Sticky Sludge
.3Cm Black Soupy Sludge
.31m Grey clay-like material
.Slm Black Soupy Sludge
.2Cm Grey clay—like material
Trace Detritus
•46m Black Soupy Sludge
.2 n Grey clay-like material
•35m Black Soupy Sludge
•16m Grey clay-like material
Sand, clay, marl & shell
.43m Black Soupy Sludge
• 15m
1Cm
• 32m
• im
.46m
o 5m
Grey clay—like material
Black Soupy Sludge
Grey clay-like material
Black Soupy Sludge
Grey clay-like material
Black clay—like material
CRLB-6B
Mid Channel
CRLB-6B
Cambridge Side
43m
51m

    -------
TABLE IL (Cont.)
Sediment Coring Results
Charles River, Massachusetts
7/1 — 7/2/75
Station Number Total Core Core Composition
Penetration Vertical Profile
Meters Meters
op to ‘ Bottom
CRLB-7M .66m .2 n Black Soupy Sludge
.38m Grey clay-like material
CR-12M .38m .30m Black Soupy Sludge
Mid-Channel .08 Brown Mud
CR-i 2M
Boston Side Hard bottom (no Core taken)
CR-12M ,13m .OSm Black Soupy Sludge
Cambridge Side .05m Sand & Gravel
CR14M .38m .3xn Black Soupy Sludge
.08 Mud & Sand
CR-30M Hard bottom (no Core taken)

    -------
TABLE Il
Field Data, Charles River, Massachusetts
7/1 — 7/2/75
Station Nunther Depth Temp Salinity Dissolved Oxygen mg/i
Meters °C o/oo Probe
CRLB—1M 0.3 22.0 6.5 9.2
5.2m 20.0 17.0 5.2
lO.7m 15.0 23.0 1.2
CRLB—2B 0.3 22.0 6.5 8.2
5.0 19.0 17.0 6.0
10.0 16.0 23.0 1.2
CRLB—20M 0.3 22.5 5.5 8.6
4.0 22.0 17.0 5.0
8.0 19.0 20.5 0.8
CRLB—6B 0.3 22.5 5.0 9.2
2.0 22.0 15.0 6.0
4.3 20.0 18.0 1.8
CRLB—7M 0.3 23.0 4.5 9.5
3.1 20.0 14.0 6.0
7.5 19.0 17.0 2.0
CR—12M 0.3 17.0 0.5
2.0 20 3.5
3.5 20 8.0

    -------
TABLE III (Cont.)
Field Data, Charles River, Massachusetts
7/1/ — 7/2/75
Station Number Depth Temp Salinity Dissolved Oxygen mg/i
Meters °C 0/00 Probe
CR—14M 0.3 17 0
2.0 20 6.0
4.2 21 8.5
CR—30M .3 18 0
1.0 18 0

    -------
TABLE IV
Charles River Lower Basin
Benthos (Qualitative)
7/1—7/2/75
Stations
Organism ] J 1 20M 7M 12M 6B 2B 14M 30M
Oligochaete
Tubificidae (sludge worm) x
Dipte ra
Tendipedidae (midgefly) X
Pelecypoda
Sphaeridae (clam) X
Kinds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

    -------
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:ALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
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NEWTON QUADRANGLE
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/ MASSACHUSETTS
ENT OF PUBLIC WORKS 7.5 MINUTE sERiES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
( LEXINGTON) 2I 10’ 22 23 LOWELL 22 MI O7 OOOOFEFT 42°22 O”
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