1996 Annual Report
on Air Quality
in New England
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
Office of Environmental Measurement and .Evaluation
Lexington, MA 02173
July 1997
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This document was prepared by:
The Ecosystems Assesment Branch
And
Judith Keefe, MTI
Stephanie Muse, MTI
Jim Fritz, ROW
Further inquiries may be directed to:
Wendy McDougall
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region I, OEME
60 Westview Street
Lexington, MA 02173
The photograph on the Cover was taken by Edith G. Bridges
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 3
1996 SUMMARY OF NEW ENGLAND NAMS/SLAMS (TABLE 1) 4
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS 5
NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (TABLE 2) ... 6
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA INCLUDING STATIONS THAT EXCEED
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, WITH 5 YEAR TRENDS (TABLE 3) 7
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN TABLE 3 8
1996 PRECISION AND ACCURACY DATA (TABLE 4) 76
REGION I 199<5 PERFORMANCE AUDIT PROGRAM 77
REGION I NONATTAINMENT AREAS (MAP 1) 78
PHOTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT MONITORING STATIONS 80
ACID RAIN PROGRAM AND UVB 88
STATE AND REGIONAL AIRS CONTACTS 100
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1996 ANNUAL REPORT ON AIR QUALITY
IN NEW ENGLAND
This report represents 1996 annual air quality information for all states in
New England. The majority of the data included in this report were submitted
to EPA by the states from their ambient monitoring networks in accordance with
40 CFR 58 . The only data from industrial monitors which have been included
are from the Massachusetts Industrial Network, EPA-required networks in New
Hampshire and Maine’ s licensing program which supplements the state network.
This report is intended to list potential nonattainment areas for planning
purposes. The majority of data used have been evaluated and verified by EPA;
however, for the areas listed as nonattainment, the data may require further
evaluation by both EPA and the states. This report reflects the status of the
AIRS database as of April, 1997.
Table 1 is a summary of the status of the National Air Monitoring Stations
(NAMS) and the State/Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) submitting data
to Region I. This table lists the number of sites operating, the required number
of sites, the number of sites reporting precision and accuracy data, and the
number of sites not meeting EPA minimum data capture requirements.
Following Table 1 is a list of health effects of the criteria pollutants.
Table 2 shows the number of stations violating the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the total number of stations reporting data
during 1996.
Table 3 lists, by state, a summary of criteria pollutant data from sites in
each state in New England, and from industrial sites in New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, and Maine. The information presented compares the measured
values to each NAAQS; it includes the number of exceedances, the maximum
and second high values, and the annual means (arithmetic mean or average for
SO 2 , PM 10 and NO 2 ). For intermittent data, an annual mean is not valid unless
there are four valid quarters. For PM 10 , 75% of the scheduled samples must be
available for a quarter to be considered valid. For continuous data, 75 % of the
year must be available to calculate a valid annual average.
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Included with Table 3 are graphs of selected air quality monitoring sites
which show a five year span of data for PM 10 , Pb, CO. SQ, and NQ. For
ozone, a graph of the number of days exceeding the standard each year for the
last five years is used. Also included is a discussion of the compliance status for
each pollutant, this is located in the front of the individual state sections. In
addition, state maps are included which display pollutant levels and location of
monitoring sites.
Table 4 lists the precision and accuracy data submitted by the six New
England states. The 95% probability limits for six criteria pollutants are given
as a network average for each state.
The next page lists the results from the Region I audit program for 03, SO 2
and Particulates. The results presented on a state-by-state basis give the number
of satisfactory, marginal, and unsatisfactory audits.
Map 1 consists of three maps of the nonattainment areas in New England
with the last reported violation and the attainment and unclassified areas in
which there were recent violations of the NAAQS.
A description of the Region 1 Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
Stations and program follows Map 1.
The next section contains a description of the Acid Rain Program.
Followed by a summary of data from the UV network in New England.
Appendix A is a list of AIRS state and regional Air Quality Contacts, their
addresses and phone numbers.
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NATIONAL AIR OUALITY STANDARDSA
Pollutant Averaging Time Primary StandardsB Secondary Standardsc
SO 2 Annual Arithmetic 80 uglm 3
Mean (0.03 ppm)
24 hours 365 ug/m 3
(0.14 ppm)
3 hours -- 1300 uglm 3
(0.5 ppm)
PMIOD Annual Arithmetic 50 ug/m 3 Same as Primary
Mean Standard
24 hours 150 ug/m 3 Same as Primary
Standard
CO 8 hours 9 ppm Same as Primary
Standard
1 hour 35 ppm Same as Primary
Standard
03 E 1 hour 0.125 ppm Same as Primary
Standard
NO 2 Annual Arithmetic (0.05 ppm) Same as Primary
Mean 100 ug/m 3 Standard
Pb Calendar Quarter 1.5 ug/m 3 Same as Primary
Arithmetic Mean Standard
A National standards, other than those based on annual arithmetic means, are not to be exceeded more than
once a year.
B National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety, to
protect the public health.
C National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any
known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant.
I) PM 10 replaced TSP as the ambient particulate standard effective July 31, 1987, and includes only those
particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal 10 microns. Expected number of
exceedances shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined by Appendix K of 4OCFR
Part 50.
E Expected number of exceedance days shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined
by Appendix K of 4OCFR Part 50.
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TABLE 1
1996 SUMMARY OF NEW ENGLAND NAMS/SLAMS
ME M 1 ll RI VT TOTALS
NAMS - National Air Monitoring Stations
Number of NAMS Designated
Monitors 24 4 26 3 8 2 67
Monitors NOT meet-
ing EPA ’s minimum
data capture
requirementsb 4 0 3 0 0 1 8
Ave. completeness
all NAMS monitors 87% 93% 95% 96% 94% 94% 93%
SLAMS - State/Local Air Monitori g Stations
Number of SLAMS Designated
Monitors 34 22 24 34 7 12 133
Monitors NOT meet-
ing EPA’s minimum
data capture
reouirementsb 3 3 6 8 0 2 22
Ave. completeness
all SLAMS monitors 90% 84% 95% 89% 93% 94% 91%
I) Adjusted for seasonal monitoring and site start-ups and terminations
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Health Effects of Criteria Pollutants
Lead (Pb)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Lead causes retardation and brain damage, especially
in children. Lead also causes liver disease, interferes
with blood formation, the nervous system and the
renal system and can affect the normal functions of the
reproduction and cardiovascular systems. The sources
of lead pollution are motor-vehicle exhaust, lead
smelters and battery manufacturing plants.
Ozone (03)
Respiratory tract problems such as difficult breathing
and reduced lung function may be caused by high
ozone levels. Ozone also causes asthma, eye
irritation, nasal congestion, reduced resistance to
infection and premature aging of lung tissue. It
injures vegetation, and has adverse effects on
materials. Ozone is generally highest on sultry
summer afternoons. Ozone is formed in the
atmosphere by the reaction of nitrogen oxides, and
hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOr)
The health effects of this pollutant include respiratory
illness, lung damage,and increased airway resistance.
It may make one more susceptible to respiratory
infection. Nitrogen oxides can cause edema (in
concentrations of l0ppm for 8 hours); concentrations
of 20-30 ppm for 8 hours can produce fatal lung
damage. NO also reacts with hydrocarbons to form
photochemical oxidants. The sources of nitrogen
oxides are: Motor-vehicle exhaust, heat and power
generation, nitric acid, explosives, fertilizer plants,
and combustion of fuels.
Carbon Monoxide acts in the bloodstream to deprive
the heart and brain of oxygen. It impairs the ability of
the blood to carry oxygen, and affects the
cardiovascular, nervous, and pulmonary systems.
Moderate concentrations significantly reduce brain
functions, and can cause angina. Carbon Monoxide is
caused by the incomplete combustion of carbon, which
occurs in motor-vehicles, and some industrial
processes.
Sulfur Dioxide (S03)
This pollutant causes respiratory tract problems, eye
irritation, and permanent harm to lung tissue. It
combines with water to form acid aerosols and sulfuric
acid mist which falls to earth as acid rain, causing
plant and structural damage, and acidifying bodies of
water. Sources of sulfur dioxide include heat and
power generation facilities, combustion processes that
use oil or coal containing sulfur, sulfuric acid plants,
petroleum refmeries and smelters of sulfur-containing
ore.
Suspended Particulate Matter (PM 10 )
This pollutant causes eye and throat irritation,
bronchitis, lung damage, and impaired visibility. It
soils materials, causes corrosion, and acts as a carrier
of toxics adsorbed or absorbed in it. Motor vehicle
exhaust, industrial processes, incinerators, heat and
power generation, steel mills, smelters, demolition,
wood burning stoves, fugitive dust, and plants are
sources of suspended particulate matter.
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TABLE 2
NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
1996
Standard M MA i ll RI
Annual Primary 0.03 ppm 0/12 0/11 0/20 0/11 0/3 0/2
24-hour Primary* 0.14 ppm 0/12 0/11 0/20 0/11 0/3 0/2
3-hour Secondary* 0.5 ppm 0/12 0/11 0/20 0/11 0/3 0/2
FM 10
Annual Primary 50 uglm 3 0/23 0/26 0/16 0/13 0/7 0/7
24-hour Primary 150 ug/m 3 0/23 0/26 0/16 0/13 0/7 0/7
S-hour Primary* 9 ppm 0/5 — 0/9 0/2 0/3 0/2
1-hour Primary* 35 ppm 0/5 — 0/9 0/2 0/3 0/2
1-hour Primary*** 0.12 ppm 1/12 0/12 0/17 0/11 0/3 0/2
Annual Primary 0.05 ppm 0/5 0/2 0/12 0/2 0/3 0/2
Pb
Quarterly Mean 1.5 ug/m 3 0/5 — —
* Unless the second highest average exceeds the NAAQS, there is no violation.
** Expected number of exceedances shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined by
Appendix K of 4OCFR Part 50.
l Expected number of exceedance days shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined by
Appendix K of 4OCFR Part 50.
x/y - x is the number of stations in violation.
y is the total number of stations.
— This pollutant is not monitored in the state.
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TABLE 3
REGION I
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA
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ABBREVIATIONS AN1) SYMBOLS USED iN TABLE 3
#OBS Number of Observations
MAX 24-IIR: 1ST Highest 24-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 24-hour
value for the year
3RD Third highest 24-hour
value for the year.
4TH Fourth highest 24-hour
value for the year.
ARITH MEAN Arithmetic mean
WTD-ARITH MEAN Weighted arithmetic mean
GEO MEAN Geometric mean
GEO STD Geometric standard deviation
QUARTERLY Aliflil MEANS:
First quarter arithmetic mean
Second quarter arithmetic mean
Third quarter arithmetic mean
Fourth quarter arithmetic mean
MEANS> 1.5 Number of quarterly means
greater than 1.5 ug/m 3 for lead
MAX VALUES: 1ST Highest 24-hour value
recorded for the year (except Pb for
Connecticut and New Hampshire, which
are monthly values).
2ND Second highest 24-hour value
recorded for the year (except Pb for
Connecticut and New Hampshire, which
are monthly values).
Method
1ST Highest 1-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 1-hour
value recorded in the year
OBS > 35 Number of observations greater
than 35 ppm for CO
MAX 8-HR: 1ST Highest 8-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 8-hour
value recorded in the year
OBS > 9 Number of 8-hour ave. greater
than 9 ppm for CO
OBS > 365 Number of 24-hour ave. greater
than 365 ug/m 3 for SO 2
MAX 3-KR: 1ST Highest 3-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 3-hour
value recorded in the year
Obs > 1300 Number of 3-hour ave. greater
than 1300 ug/m 3 for SO 2
NUM MEAS The valid number of days
measured
NUM REQ The valid number of days in the
ozone season
NUM OBS Number of Observations
SCHEDULED NUM OBS
Number of observations scheduled
% OBS Percent completed of number of
observations scheduled
VALID DAILY 1-KR MAXIMUM:
Maximum hourly values for
1ST the highest day
2ND the second highest day
3RD the third highest day
4TH the fourth highest day
VALS> .125: MEAS Number of measured
daily maximum . 0.125 ppm
EST Number of expected
violations
MISS DAYS ASSUMED < STANDARD
Number of missing days assumed
to be less than the standard
TILE DATA IN TABLE 3 CONSISTS OF BOTH
STATE AND PRIVATE NETWORKS.
SiTE II) Site Identification number
POC Parameter Occurrence Code -
differentiates between monitors for
a given pollutant
MT Momtortype(1=NAMS,
2=SLAMS, 3=Other,
4=Industrial, 6,7,8=PAMS
0=Unknown, C=Non EPA
Federal)
YR Year
REP ORG Reporting Organization
‘ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
MAX 1-KR:
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1996 NEW ENGLAND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SUMMARY
Overall air quality in New England in 1996 was similar to 1995 except for ozone. The cool wet
summer of 1996 and continued reductions in ozone precursor emissions were major factors
in the lower observed concentrations of ozone. In 1995 twenty ozone monitoring stations
recorded one or more days over the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for
ozone, while in 1996 only seven monitoring stations recorded one or more days over the
standard. Ambient concentrations for the other criteria pollutants continued to be below
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) with only three sites in Lowell and
Springfield, MA and Manchester, NH reporting one day each above the 8-hour carbon
monoxide standard
The following are state specific summaries of their 1996 ambient air quality:
CONNECTICUT SUMMARY
There are five carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring sites in CT. In 1995 the Hartford Morgan
Street site exceeded the 8-hour NAAQS once with a value of 10.1 ppm or 112% of the
NAAQS. This was the first time an exceedance occurred since 1992. In 1996 this site
recorded a maximum 8-hour concentration of 9.1 ppm which is reported as equaling the
NAAQS. However, the building where the monitor was housed was demolished and therefore,
less than 10% of the required data was collected. The five-year trend graph shows that all
of the other sites are well below the standard and relatively stable.
There were no exceedances or violations of the quarterly lead (Pb) NAAQS at any site in CT.
The site with the highest values in the state was the New Haven Stiles Street site which had
a maximum quarterly average of 0.08 ug/m 3 or 5% of the NAAQS. The Pb five-year trend
graph shows that Pb levels continue to remain very low.
Two of the three sites which monitored for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in 1996 had valid annual
averages. Neither of these sites experienced any exceedances or violations of the NAAQS.
Bridgeport, and New Haven reported values of 48% and 52% of the NAAQS. The
photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) in Stafford and Westport operate
during the summer season and had a seasonal arithmetic means of approximately 15% of the
NAAQS. The five-year trend graph shows that the NO 2 levels for these sites has been
constant with only small year to year fluctuations.
In 1995 all eleven ozone (03) sites in CT had exceedances or violations of the NAAQS;
however, in 1996 only 5 sites reported a daily ozone concentrations above the NAAQS. This
observed decrease in ozone levels was due in part to the cool wet summer of 1996. Westport
reported the highest 1-hour second maximum value of 0.126 ppm or 105% of the NAAQS.
The five year trend line shows that 1996 had the lowest number of days above the NAAQS
for the last five years.
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None of the sites collecting particulate matter of less than 10 microns diameter (PM 10 ) in CT
had any exceedances or violations of the annual or 24-hour standards in 1996. The New
Haven Stiles Street site reported the highest 24-hour second maximum values of 105 ug/m 3
or 70% of the NAAQS. The Norwalk site had annual arithmetic mean of 64% of the NAAQS.
The five-year trend graphs show no discernable trends for PM 10 , except for the New Haven
site which shows a decrease in the concentration of PM 10 .
There were no exceedances or violations of the annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour SO 2 NAAQSs.
The highest annual arithmetic mean was reported at New Haven at 8 ppb or 27% of the
NAAQS, while the lowest annual arithmetic mean was reported at Mansfield at 3 ppb or 10%
of the NAAQS. New Haven also reported the highest 24-hour second maximum of 34 ppb
or 24% of the NAAQS. In general the five-year SO 2 trend graphs show a slight decreasing
trends.
MAINE SUMMARY
At the present time, ME is not operating any carbon monoxide (CO) monitors and has
discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring due to the extremely low lead concentrations monitored
over the past few years. In 1996, three sites photochemical assessment monitoring stations
(PAMS) monitored for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) during the summer. None of these sites
experienced any exceedances or violations of the NAAQS during 1996. The highest seasonal
annual arithmetic mean was at Kittery 11 % of the NAAQS.
None of the 12 ozone (03) sites operating in ME had exceedances or violations of the Q
NAAQS in 1996. This compares to 1995 where 7 sites reported at least one day above the
NAAQS. The Navy Road site in Sagadahoc County had the highest 1-hour second maximum
value of 0.108 ppm or 90% of the standard.
In 1996 no site in ME reported air quality levels above the particulate matter (PM 10 ) NAAQS.
The Presque Isle site had a value of 109 ug/m 3 or 73% of the NAAQS which was the
maximum daily concentration in ME. There were no exceedances or violations of the annual
standard in 1995. Tukey’s Bridge in Portland reported the maximum annual arithmetic mean
at 27 ug/m 3 or 54% of the standard. The five year trend lines continue show a slight
downward trend.
There were no exceedances or violations reported at any of the 13 sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) sites
in 1996. The highest annual arithmetic mean was reported at the Post Office site in
Madawaska at 8 ppb or 27% of the NAAQS. The Shelter site in Madawaska reported the
highest 24-hour second maximum at 45 ppb or 32% of the standard as well as the highest 3-
hour second maximum of 115 ppb or 23% of the standard. The five-year trend graphs show
that sites are well below the NAAQS and relatively stable. The trend line for the Madawaska
Post Office site shows a significant downward trend.
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MASSACHUSETTS SUMMARY
Massachusetts maintains nine carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring sites in the Commonwealth.
Four sites are located in Boston (Kenmore Square, Visconti Street-East Boston, Breman
Street-East Boston, and the Federal Post Office Building), two sites are each located in
Springfield (East Columbus Avenue and Liberty Street) and in Worcester (Central Street and
Franklin Street), and a single site is located in Lowell (Old City Hall). No exceedance or
violation of the one-hour or 8-hour NAAQS for CO was recorded at any of the Massachusetts
CO monitoring site except for two exceedance of the 8 hour NAAQS 9.5 ppm at the Lowell
site and 10.5 ppm at the Springfield East Columbus Avenue site. In general, the maximum
one-hour and 8-hour concentrations of CO decreased in 1996 when compared to 1995.
Yearly variability in CO concentrations is evident from the recent five year data record (1992-
1996), due in part to changes in meteorology and emission source characteristics. The data,
except for those from Springfield, show a general decrease in the concentration of CO over
this period.
In 1995 Massachusetts discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring, because air quality levels were
well below the NAAQS and at the lowest levels of method detection. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )
measurements were made at 12 monitoring sites through out the Commonwealth. The
highest annual average concentrations were recorded in the Metropolitan Boston area,
Worcester, and Springfield. The lowest concentrations were recorded at the rural sites,
Quabbin Summit and Newbury-Plum Island. The Kenmore Square and Breman Street
monitors recorded the highest average annual NO 2 concentrations, 0.031 ppm and 0.028 ppm
NO 2 respectively. Both rural sites recorded average annual concentrations of 0.007 ppm.
Yearly variability for the Massachusetts average annual NO 2 data is small and no upward or
downward trend is evident for the sites, over the past five years.
Seventeen ozone monitoring sites were operated and maintained during the 1996 summer
ozone season. Two monitoring sites recorded ozone concentrations above the NAAQS for
ozone. Ozone concentrations recorded during 1996 were generally lower than those
recorded in 1995. This may be due to the cool and wet summer in 1996. The highest ozone
concentrations were recorded at the Fairhaven (0.146 ppm) and Truro (0.128 ppm) monitoring
sites. Over the most recent five years the maximum concentration of ozone and the
frequency of concentration in excess of the ozone NAAQS has fluctuated. This has been due
to changes in the emissions of ozone precursors and changes in meteorology.
There are seventeen particulate matter (PM 10 ) monitoring sites in Massachusetts. With the
exception of the Quabbin Summit and Sudbury sites, all of the sites are located within urban
areas of the Commonwealth. The highest annual average concentrations of PM 10 were
recorded in Springfield (30 uglm 3 ), Boston-Charleston (27 ug/m 3 ), and Boston-Kenmore Sq.
(24 ug/m 3 ). The highest maximum and second highest maximum 24-hour PM 10
concentrations were recorded at Boston (92 ug/m 3 and 64 ug/m 3 ). In contrast the lowest
average annual concentration was recorded at the Quabbin Summit (11 ug/m 3 ). Over the
past five years the concentrations of PM 10 at the urban sites have recorded a lot of data
variability. The Boston-Kenmore and Worcester sites have shown a general downward trend
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in PM 10 concentrations. The other sites, excluding the non-urban sites have shown significant
year to-year variability with no apparent upward or downward trend visible. The Quabbin
Summit site has shown a general reduction in the average annual concentration of PM 10 .
Twenty-one sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) monitoring sites were operated in Massachusetts during
1996. No exceedance or violation of the annual or 24-hour (primary), nor the 3-hour
(secondary) NAAQS for SO 2 was recorded. The highest short-term (3-ho r) SO
concentrations were recorded at the Chelsea monitoring site (195 ppb). The Chelsea site also
recorded the maximum 24 hour concentration of 78 ppb, while the second maximum 24 hour
concentration of 43 ppb was recorded at the Swansea site. The lowest annual average SO 2
concentration was recorded at the Quabbin Summit site in Ware (2 ppb). The highest annual
SO 2 concentration was recorded in Chelsea (8 ppb). 2 SO monitoring sites in
Massachusetts showed a general decline in S02 levels over the past five years.
NEW HAMPSHIRE SUMMARY
There was one exceedance (13.5 ppm) of the 8-hour carbon monoxide NAAQS at
Manchester and no exceedances of the 1-hour NAAQS at either of the 2 carbon monoxide
monitoring (GO) sites in the state. The highest second maximum 8-hour average at
Manchester was 7.6 ppm or 84% of the NAAQS. The five year trends show that CO levels
are relatively stable with some year to year fluctuations.
In 1995 New Hampshire discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring, because air quality levels were
well below the NAAQS and at the lowest levels of method detection. In 1996 nitrogen dioxide
(NO 2 ) monitoring was performed at 2 sites. The site in Manchester measured the maximum
NO 2 annual average of 19 ppb or 19% of the NAAQS. There have been no significant trends
for NO 2 in the last five years.
None of the 7 ozone (03) sites operating in New Hampshire reported violations to the NAAQS
in 1996. The Rye Harbor site reported the highest daily maximum values of 0.110 p 3m or
92% of the standard. Last year only the Rye Harbor site reported exceedances of the ozone
NAAQS.
None of the 13 Particulate Matter (with a mass mean diameters of less than 10 microns)
(PM 10 ) sites in New Hampshire had any exceedances or violations of the annual or 24-hour
NMQS for PM 10 in 1996. The highest 24 hour values were reported at Keene with a highest
second maximum value of 48 ug/m 3 or 30% of the daily standard. Daily PM 10 values dropped
over 50% at the Groveton (Northumberland) site which recorded the highest PM 10
concentrations in 1995. All the sites were well below the annual NAAQS. The maximum
annual average was in Berlin with a reported concentration of 28 ug/m 3 or 56% of the
NAAQS. Over the past five years all PM 10 monitoring sites have recorded particulate matter
concentrations below the annual and the 24-hour NAAQS. Yearly variability in the data is
common, in part determined by meteorology, transport of particulate matter from distant
sources, and changes in the emission strength of local sources. The five year trend graphs
show very slight downward trends for PM 10 in Berlin, Manchester; and Portsmouth.
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There were no exceedances or violations reported at any of the 11 sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) sites
in 1996. The highest annual arithmetic mean was reported in Manchester at 7 ppb or 23%
of the NAAQS. Groveton reported the highest 24-hour second maximum of 45 ppb or 32%
of the standard, as well as, the highest 3-hour second maximum of 152 ppb or 30% of
NAAQS. The SO 2 five year data showed no significant trends.
RHODE ISLAND SUMMARY
None of the three carbon monoxide (CO) monitors exceeded or violated the 1-hour or 8-hour
NAAQS. The Dorrance Street site in Providence reported the highest 8-hour second
maximum value of 4.4 ppm or 40% of the NAAQS. The photochemical assessment
monitoring station (PAMS) in East Providence has seasonal carbon monoxide monitor and
had a second maximum value of 1.0 ppm or 11% of the NAAQS. The five-year trend graph
shows that CO levels are relatively stable.
Rhode Island has discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring in the state due to the extremely low lead
concentrations monitored overthe past few years. In 1996, three sites monitored for nitrogen
dioxide (NO 2 ). Two of these sites were photochemical assessment monitoring stations
(PAMS) operated during the summer season. None of the sites experienced any
exceedances or violations of the NAAQS. The Rockefeller Library site in Providence reported
the highest annual arithmetic mean which was 0.025 ppm or 50% of the NAAQS. The five-
year trend graph shows that NO 2 levels have remained stable.
Although all three ozone (03) sites experienced exceedances or violations of the NAAQS
during 1995, none of these sites reported levels above the NAAQS in 1996. The Alton Jones
site had the highest 1-hour second maximum value of 0.112 ppm or 93% of the NAAQS. It
appears that ozone levels have remained fairly constant over the past few years. This
observed decrease in ozone levels was due in part to the cool wet summer of 1996
None of the particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM 10 ) sites in RI had any exceedances
or violations of the annual or 24-hour standards in 1996. The Aliens Avenue site reported
both the highest 24-hour second maximum value which was 83 ug/m 3 , or 55% of the
standard, and the highest annual arithmetic mean which was 38 ug/m 3 or 76% of the
standard. The five-year trend graph shows no discernable trends for PM 10 for Pawtucket;
however, for Providence there is a slight upward slope in the trend line.
Three sites monitored for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) this year. There were no exceedances or
violations of the annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour NAAQS. Rockefeller Library in Providence
reported the highest annual arithmetic mean at 9 ppb or 30% of the NAAQS as well as the
highest 24-hour second maximum of 32 ppb or 22% of the NAAQS. Dorrance Street in
Providence reported the highest 3-hour second maximum at 69 ppb or 14% of the NAAQS.
The five-year trend graphs show a slight downward trend.
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VERMONT SUMMARY
During 1996 Vermont operated carbon monoxide (GO) sites in Rutland and Burlington. No
exceedance of the NMQS for CO was recorded at either site. The highest 1st and 2nd
maximum 8-hour concentrations of CO were recorded at Rutland (4.3 ppm CO and 3.6 ppm
GO, respectively). The five year trend lines shows only small fluctuations on the second highs
with levels between 50% and 30% of the 8-hour NAAQS.
Vermont is not required to measure the concentration of lead in ambient air. No
measurement data are available. Vermont operates two nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) monitoring
sites in the state. One is located in Rutland and the other is located in Burlington. No
exceedance of the NAAQS for NO 2 was recorded at either site. Historical data for the most
recent five years (1 991-1 996) indicate that the annual average concentrations of NO 2 have
remained relatively stable. The Rutland site ranged from 0.012 ppm NO 2 to 0.015 ppm NO 2 ,
and the Burlington site ranged from 0.016 ppm to 0.018 ppm NO 2 . The maximum one-hour
concentration of NO 2 , 0.081 ppm, was recorded at Burlington, Winooski Avenue monitoring
site.
Neither of the two ozone monitoring sites in Vermont recorded one-hour concentrations of
ozone in excess of the NAAQS. The highest concentration of ozone, 0.110 ppm, was
recorded at the Bennington site. The highest recorded concentration of ozone at the Proctor
Maple Research site was 0.094 ppm. Vermont has recorded only one exceedance of the 1-
hour ozone standard since 1988.
Vermont maintains six monitoring sites that measure particulate matter (PM 10 ). The highest
24-hour concentration was recorded at the Bennington site, which recorded at maximum 24-
hour PMI 0 concentration of 50 ug/m3. The Rutland site recorded the highest annual average
(weighted) concentration of all Vermont sites, 22 ug/m3. This concentration is well below the
annual average NAAQS for PM 10 which is 50 ug/m3. The lowest recorded measurements for
PM 10 were recorded at the Proctor Maple Research facility monitoring site. Maximum 24-hour
concentrations were at or below 38 uglm3, and the annual weighted arithmetic mean was 12
ug/m3. Over the past five years all five PM 10 monitoring sites have recorded particulate
matter concentrations below the annual and the 24-hour NAAQS with a slight downward
trend. Yearly variability in the data is common, in part determined by meteorology, transport
of particulate matter from distant sources, and changes in the emission strength of local
sources.
The monitoring sites at Burlington and Rutland also measure sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). No
exceedance or violation of the NAAQS for sulfur dioxide was recorded at either site. The
highest 24-hour average concentration of SO 2 (32 ppb) was recorded at the Rutland site.
This site also recorded the highest 3-hour SO 2 concentration, 63 ppb. In contrast, the
Burlington site recorded a maximum 24-hour average concentration of 16 ppb and a 3-hour
maximum concentration of 34 ppb SO 2 . Five years (1990-1994) of historical O data
indicate a general decline in SO 2 concentrations in Burlington, but show a one year (1994)
spike in SO 2 concentrations in Rutland.
14
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
15
-------
0>
JW€ MOir HAU, STAtl- STBEET
Sn
10
r n BHOAO vr CTMirono cr
STAMFORD
CONNECTICUT CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in Connecticut.
The eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
-------
CONNECTICUT CARBON MONOXIDE
E
Q.
Q.
10
O
o
LU
CO 2
NAAQSJ ppm
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Bridgeport Stamford Hartford New Haven
X-
CONNECTICUT
CARBON MONOXIDE (42IOI)
P
SITE ID
09-OOI-OQ04
09-003-0013
09-003-0017
09-009-0025
09-001-0020
0 M
C T
I 2
i 1
1 1
1 2
1 2
CITY
BRIDGEPORT
HARTFORD
HARTFORD
HEW HAVEN
STAMFORD
COUNTY
FAIRFIELDCO
HARTFORD CO
HARTFORD CO
NEW HAVEN CO
FAIRFIELD CO
ADDRESS
JASPER MCLEVY HALL, STAT
401 FLATBUSH AVENUE
COURTHOUSE, 155 MORGAN
121 ELM STREET
LIBRARY 96 BROAD STSTA
REP
YR ORG
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
#
OBS
8040
8439
678
8276
8553
UNITS: 00? PPH
MAX 14
1ST
4.9
4.3
9.1
4.6
6.7
IR
2ND
4.1
4.2
6.9
4.1
6.5
OBS>
35
0
0
0
0
0
MAX 8-HR OBS>
1ST
3.3
3.9
5.8
3
4.3
2ND 9
3 0
3.5 0
4.5 0
2.9 0
4.1 0
METH
0
0
54
0
54
17
-------
HARTFORD
TOLLAND
WINDHAM
AETNA IN8UWANCB MAIN? BAHAC* FLOWER ST
/HABTPOnD "*"!
UTCHFIELD
CITY HALL 740 MAIN 8TBEET
6A»T HARTFORD
NEW LONDON
SHED MEADOW AND BANK 8TO
WATERBUBY
004
MIDDLESEX
NEW HAVEN
STILESSTnEET
NEWHAVTH
0.06
FAIRFIELD
\ BOOSEVELTSCHOOiPAnKAVE
wu
0.0?
10
Miles
15 20
CONNECTICUT LEAD
Highest-quarterly average lead concentration (ug/m3) for sites in Connecticut. The quarterly average lead
standard is 1.50 ug/m3.
-------
0.3 -T
co"
E 1
1*0.25 J
<
LU
-|
0.2 -I
CONNECTICUT LEAD
NAAQS 1.5 ug'mJ
a:
LU 0.15
o:
<
O
D
^ 0.05
LEAD(I2I28)
0.1 -,
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Bridgeport Hartford East Hartford New Haven
CONNECTICUT
UNITS: OOI UG/CU METER (25 C)
SITE ID
09-OOI-OOIO
09-003-1004
09-003-0016
09-009-OOI8
09-009-2123
09-009-2123
p
0
C
I
I
I
I
2
3
M
T
2
I
I
2
2
3
CITY
BRIDGEPORT
EAST HARTFORD
HARTFORD
NEW HAVEN
WATERBURY
WATERBURY
COUNTY
FAIRFIELDCO
HARTFORD CO
HARTFORD CO
NEW HAVEN CO
NEW HAVEN CO
NEW HAVEN CO
ADDRESS
ROOSEVELT SCHOOL P
CITY HALL, 740 MAI
AETNA INSURANCE MA
STILES STREET.
SHED MEADOW AND BA
SHED MEADOW AND BA
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP # QUARTERLY ARITHHATIC
ORG DBS 1ST 2ND 3RD
001
001
001
001
001
OOI
12 0.02
12 0.02
12 0.02
12 0.05
12 0.02
12 0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.03
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
MEANS
4TH
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
MEA
>l.
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX VALUES
1ST 2ND METH
0
0
0
O.I
O.I
O.I
0.03 92
0.02 92
0.04 92
0.05 92
0.05 92
0.05 92
19
-------
HARTFORD
TOLLAND
WINDHAM
LITCHFIELD
MCAU
EAST HARTFORD
0016
NEW LONDON
MIDDLESEX
NEW HAVEN
ns STATE STREET
NEW HAVEN
0028
FARFIELD
SHEDCQNQRESBSTHBn
BWDQEPORT \
OO24 \
BHERWOOO 181/WO STATE PARK
WET
0011
X
CONNECTICUT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Connecticut. The annual average
NO2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
-------
CONNECTICUT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0.035 —
NAAQS 0.05 ppm
E
Q.
LU
0.03
0.025 -
X
5
<• 0.02 -j
0.015
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Bridgeport East Hartford New Haven
CONNECTICUT
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
UNITS: 00? PPM
SITE ID
09-001-8113
09-003-1003
09-009-1123
09-013-1001
09-001-9003
0
C
1
1
1
1
1
M
T
2
2
2
3
3
CITY
BRIDGEPORT
EAST HARTFOR
NEW HAVEN
STAFFORD
WESTPORT
COUNTY
FAIRFIELD CO
HARTFORD CO
NEW HAVEN CO
TOLLAND CO
FAIRFIELD CO
ADDRESS
SHED CONGRESS STREET
MCAULIFFEE PARK
715 STATE STREET
ROUTE 190, SHENIPSIT STATE
SHERWOOD ISLAND STATE PARK
YR
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
001
001
001
001
001
*OBS
8175
4680
8432
2289
4058
MAX
1ST
0.109
0.067
0.086
0.034
0.068
1-HR
2ND
0.101
0.066
0.081
0.032
0.068
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN
0.024
0.016?
0.026
0.006?
0.015?
METH
0
0
0
74
74
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
21
-------
RQUtB 190 SHW8JT 8TATH FOREST
S
0
UNIVERSITY ROAD
T
0
HARTFORD
WINDHAM
MCAUUFFKPARK
EAST
LITCHFIELD
CXJNN.VAUEYHCW, »«WHAU.
MIDOLETOWN
NEW LONDON
MIDDLESEX
NEW HAVEN
,
TRWLER W. CONNECTICUT STATE
DANBUfTT
0
716 STATE STREET
NEW HAVEN
0
FAIRFIELD
UNtVERSrTY OF CONNECTICUT, AVERT POINT
QROTON
HAMMONASSET STATE PARK
MADISON
USCaUQHTHOUW
STRATFORD
ISLAND STATE PARK
QRSENW1CH POINT PARK
GREENWICH
CONNECTICUT OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Connecticut.
-------
a
a.
ID
(N
CONNECTICUT OZONE
I!
A
w
iti
I8
.--"'/
a
U.
O
t£.
LU 0
CD
NAAQS 1 day >= .125 ppm
92
93
94
YEAR
95
*
96
Greenwich Stratford East Hartford Middletown Stafford
CONNECTICUT
OZONE (44201)
P
SITE ID
09401-0113
09-001-1123
09-003-1003
09-001-0017
09-011-0008
09-009-3002
09-007-0007
09-009-1123
09-013-1001
09-001-3007
09-005-0006
09-001-9003
0
C
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V
T CITY
1 BRIDGEPORT
2 DANBURY
1 EASTHARTFO
2 GREENWICH
2 GROTON
2 MADISON
1 MIDDLETOWN
1 NEW HAVEN
1 STAFFORD
1 STRATFORD
2 TORRINGTON
3 WESTPORT
COUNTY
FAIRFIELD C
FAIRFIELD C
HARTFORD C
FAIRFIELD C
NEW LONDON
NEW HAVEN C
MIDDLESEX C
NEW HAVEN C
TOLLAND CO
FAIRFIELD C
LITCHFIELD
FAIRFIELD C
OZONE SEASON
ADDRESS
SHED CONGRESS S
TRAILER, W. CONN
MCAULIFFEE PARK
GREENWICH POINT
UNIVERSITY OF CO
HAMMONASSET ST
CONN. VALLEY HO
71 5 STATE STREET
ROUTE 190, SHENI
USCG LIGHTHOUSE
UNIVERSITY ROAD
SHERWOOD ISLAN
: APRIL 1
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
UNITS: 007 PPM
TO OCTOBER 31
NUM
MEAS
181
154
110
182
179
178
169
178
177
178
180
176
NUM
REQ
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAX
1ST
0.113
0.114
0.105
0.126
0.148
0.124
0.135
0.113
0.112
0.126
0.117
0.138
2ND
0.105
0.11
0.091
0.121
0.121
0.12
0.102
0.106
0.101
0.123
0.112
0.126
3RD
0.098
0.109
0.091
0.12
0.119
0.118
0.1
0.097
0.097
0.121
0.108
0.117
4TH
0.094
0.098
0.09
0.116
0.117
0.115
0.099
0.087
0.097
0.12
0.107
0.113
VALS
>.125
MEA
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
EST.
0
0
0
1.2
1.2
0
1.2
0
0
1.2
0
2.4
MISS
ASSUM
>STA
1
2
2
1
2
2
4
1
4
5
2
5
METH
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
23
-------
HARTFORD
140 MAIN STOEET
TORIWWTON
LITCHFIELD
401 PLATBUSH'AVENUE
PUNCH BROOK
BURLINGTON
12
PAOiAUa 1TATE TOREST VOLUNTOWN CT
VOLUNTOWN
14
SHED MEADOW
WATCTBURY
27
22 COURT HOUSE SQUARE
NORWICH
CfTY HALL DEKOVEN
MDDLETOWN \
V
NEW LONDON
MIDDLESEX
PERKINS 8T TURN-AROUND-,"
kjt^u i **urvwu t
I TRAILER W CONNECTICUT STATE
I NBURY
FAIRFIELD
CORNER OF 8TUE8 STREET ft ALABAMA STREET
NEW HAVEN
26
MYRTLE AVI
BRIDGEPORT
.T SCHOOL PARK AVE.
•RIDQEPORT
I-96ATWESTAVE
NORWALK
S2
f ORiBIWlCH POtMT PARK
\ a
\i
W5 AT BHOOKWDt DRIVE
DAREN
28 CONNECTICUT
Annual average PM]0 concentration in ug/m3 for sites in Connecticut. The annual average PMIO standard i:
50 ug/m3.
is
-------
CONNECTICUT PM10
NAAQS"1SO'trg;m3'
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
LU
D
OL
o
< 35
UJ
5
O
I—
UJ
I
Q
Z
O
o
LU 40
in
Q
UJ
I
O
92 S3 94 95
YEAR
Bridgeport New Haven Waterbury
Roosevelt School Stiles St. Shed Meadow P1
92 93 94 95
YEAR
Bridgeport New Haven Waterbury
Roosevelt School Stiles St. Shed Meadow P1
CONNECTICUT
PH-IO-O-IOUM (81102)
P
0 H
SITE ID C T CITY
09-001-0015 1 1 BRIDGEPORT
09-003-2001 1 2 BURLINGTON
09-001-1123 1 2 DANBURY
09-001-1401 1 1 DARIEN
09-003-1004 1 2 EASTHARTF
09-003-1005 1 2 ENFIELD
09-001-0017 1 2 GREENWICH
09-003-0013 1 1 HARTFORD
09-003-0015 1 1 HARTFORD
09-003-0015 3 3 HARTFORD
09-007-1003
09-009-0011
09-009-0018
09-009-0021
09-009-1123
09-009-1123 •
09-011-0009
09-001-2014
09-011-3002
09-005-6001
09-011-9001
09-009-4006
09-009-2123
2 MIDDLETQWN
1 NEW HAVEN
1 NEW HAVEN
3 NEW HAVEN
1 NEW HAVEN
I 2 NEW HAVEN
1 NEW LONDON
1 NORWALK
2 NORWICH
2 TORRINGTON
2 VOLUNTOWN
2 WALLINGFOR
1 WATERBURY
09-009-2123 2 3 WATERBURY
09-015-1002 1 2 WILLIMANTI
COUNTY ADDRESS
FAIRFIELD MYRTLE AVE
HARTFORD C PUNCH BROOK ROAD A
FAIRFIELD TRAILER, W. CONNECT!
FAIRFIELD 1-95 AT BROOKSIDE DRI
HARTFORD C CITY HALL, 740 MAIN S
HARTFORD C SHAKER ROAD
FAIRFIELD GREENWICH POINT PAR
HARTFORD C 401 FLATBUSH AVENUE
HARTFORD C HELCO, 400 SHELDON S
HARTFORD C HELCO, 400 SHELDON S
MIDDLESEX CITY HALL, DEKOVEN D
NEW HAVEN HAMILTON AVE
NEW HAVEN STILES STREET.
NEW HAVEN CORNER OF STILES STR
NEW HAVEN 715 STATE STREET
NEW HAVEN 715 STATE STREET
NEW LONDON PERKINS STTURN-ARO
FAIRFIELD 1-95 AT WEST AVE
NEW LONDON 22 COURT HOUSE SQUA
LITCHFIELD 140 MAIN STREET
NEW LONDON PACHAUG STATE FORES
NEW HAVEN 45 SOUTH MAIN ST
NEW HAVEN SHED MEADOW AND BA
NEW HAVEN SHED MEADOW AND BA
WINDHAMCO 108 VALLEY ST
REP
YR ORG
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
NUM
OBS
60
58
51
56
60
58
57
59
60
59
59
50
58
341
61
61
58
58
59
59
54
61
61
61
60
UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25C)
SCHEDULED
NUM % NUM MAXIMUM VALUES
OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
60
58
51
56
60
58
57
59
60
59
59
50
58
341
61
61
58
58
59
59
54
61
61
61
60
94
91
80
88
94
91
89
92
94
92
92
78
91
93
95
95
91
91
92
92
84
95
95
95
94
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
68
52
48
61
64
64
55
58
60
58
62
59
66
119
55
57
66
70
71
54
69
61
66
70
61
_j3-
63
38
45
51
38
39
34
35
49
49
38
51
63
109
41
39
47
65
56
50
32
41
63
69
35
TT
43
24
41
43
38
35
34
34
46
39
36
44
51
82
38
38
46
56
37
43
31
35
62
63
33
Tf
42
23
39
40
36
29
33
32
38
37
34
38
47
73
36
38
38
55
36
37
30
35
51
53
31
VALS > 150
MEAS EST
T-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
— T~
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WTD
ARITH
MEAN
27
12
22?
23?
20
16
18
17
21
21
18
21?
28
26
21
21
19
32
19
18
14
17
25
27
18
METH
062
062
000
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
079
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
25
-------
COBNB1 OF 8HRDON ST. ANp COUWJBUS BLVD
HARTFORD "* -^.
K HMM STWiKT EAST HAHTTOTO
EAST KARTFOflD
.on
CONNECTICUT SULFUR DIOXIDEv
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Connecticut. The annual average
SO2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
-------
CONNECTICUT SULFUR DIOXIDE
NAAQS 365 ug/m3
NAAQS 80 ug/m3
m 140 -
E
_3.
LU
>
tr
o
o
o
LU
CO
IS
33 94
YEAR
Bridgeport Stamford Danbury New Haven Waterbury Groton
94
YEAR
95
Bridgeport Stamford Danbury New Haven Waterbury Groton
CONNECTICUT
SULPHUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
O M
SITE ID C T CITY
09-001-0012
09-001-1123
09-003-2006
09-009-1003
09-003-1005
09-001-0017
09-011-0007
09-003-1018
09-013-0003
09-009-1123
09-001-2124
09-009-2123
1 1
1 2
1 1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
1 2
2 1
1 2
1 2
BRIDGEPORT
DANBURY
EAST HARTF
EAST HAVEN
ENFIELD
GREENWICH
GROTON
HARTFORD
MANSFIELD
NEW HAVEN
STAMFORD
WATERBURY
COUNTY ADDRESS
F AIRFIELD CO 115 BOSTON TERRA
FAIRFIELD CO TRAILER, W. CONNE
HARTFORD CO 85 HIGH STREET EA
NEW HAVEN CO ANIMAL SHELTER,
HARTFORD CO SHAKER ROAD
FAIRFIELD CO GREENWICH POINT
NEW LONDON C FIRE HEADQUARTE
HARTFORD CO CORNER OF SHELD
TOLLAND CO NORTH FRONTAGE
NEW HAVEN CO 715 STATE STREET
FAIRFIELD CO HILLANDALE AVEN
NEW HAVEN CO SHED MEADOW AN
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
SOBS
8199
7686
8167
8134
8307
8167
8351
8354
8313
7609
8316
8332
UNITS: 007 PPM
DBS
MAX 24-HR > MAX-3 HR
1ST 2ND STD 1ST 2ND
0.026
0.021
0.022
0.024
0.019
0.021
0.017
0.021
0.013
0.034
0.026
0.023
0.023
0.02
0.022
0.022
0.019
0.019
0.016
0.019
0.012
0.031
0.026
0.022
0 0.065
0 0.029
0 0.039
0 0.049
0 0.033
0 0.033
0 0.032
0 0.032
0 0.025
0 0.069
0 0.045
0 0.035
0.048
0.029
0.036
0.044
0.031
0.032
0.028
0.029
0.023
0.065
0.042
0.032
DBS
>
STD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX
1ST
0.099
0.032
0.047
0.057
0.033
0.04
0.055
0.034
0.026
0.077
0.054
0.047
1-HR
2ND
0.088
0.031
0.046
0.05
0.033
0.036
0.047
0.033
0.025
0.072
0.048
0.043
ARIT
MEAN
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.008
0.005
0.005
ETH
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
0
60
60
27
-------
TOP OF CADUACMOUNTMN
BAR HARBOR
0.001
[
^
0 TO 20 30 40 60 60
I mmmmm ^.^^^^ —
Miles
MAINE NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO,) concentration in ppm for sites in Maine. The annual average NO:
standard is 0.05 ppm.
2B
-------
No Sites with five years of data, therefore no five year chart.
MAINE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42802) UNITS: 007 PPM
P
0 M REP MAX 1-HR MAX 24-HR ARIT
SITEID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR PRO COBS 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
2340*0102 1 U BAR HARBOR HANCOCK CO TOP OF CADILLAC MOUNTAIN 96 001 3295 0.01 0.01 0.001? 75
23-031-3002 1 3 KITTERY YORK CO FRISBEE SCHOOL, GdODSOE RO 96 908 8471 0.1 0.072 0.011 14
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
29
-------
r
QREENV1LLE UUNJC. AJRPORT
««Nviuf: L~n P£NOBSCOT
TOP OF CAWUAC MOUNTA*
BAR HARBOR
\ ( S^
-RW8S SCHOOL OOODaOEKMD
OTIBIY
0
MAINE OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Maine.
30
-------
CL
CL
m
MAINE OZONE
11
A
CO
111
2 -,*-
u_
O
K
LU
CD
S
ID
Z
NAAQS 1 day >= ,125ppm
92
93
94
YEAR
95
Cape Elizabeth Gardiner Kennebunkport
96
OZONE (44201)
MAINE
OZONE SEASON
UNITS: 007 PPM
: APRIL 1 TO OCTOBER 31
p
O
SITE ID C
23-013-0004 2
23-017-3001 1
23-019-4008 1
23-023-0003 1
23-031-2002 1
23-009-0101 1
23-009-0102 1
23-005-2003 1
23-011-2005 1
23-021-0002 1
23-031-3002 1
23-025-2003 1
M
T
2
3
2
3
2
2
U
2
2
3
3
4
CITY
BAR HARBOR
BAR HARBOR
CAPE ELIZABE
GARDINER
GREENVILLE
KITTERY
SKOWHEGAN
COUNTY
KNOX CO
OXFORD CO
PENOBSCOT C
SAGADAHOC
YORK CO
HANCOCK CO
HANCOCK CO
CUMBERLAND
KENNEBEC C
PISCATAQUIS
YORK CO
SOMERSET C
ADDRESS
PORT CLYDE, MAR
ROUTE 5, NORTH L
SUMMIT OF RIDER
NAVY ROAD
OCEAN AVePARSO
ACADIA NP_MACFA
TOP OF CADILLAC
TWO LIGHTS STATE
PRAY STREET SCH
GREENVILLE MUNI
FRISBEE SCHOOL,
S.D. WARREN SOM
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
908
102
HUM
MEAS
182
180
213
181
177
214
151
214
214
210
208
211
NUM
REQ
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAX
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
0.108
0.098
0.087
0.109
0.11
0.102
0.1
0.107
0.098
0.08
0.11
0.098
0.104
0.079
0.082
0.108
0.104
0.1
0.096
0.1
0.096
0.07
0.099
0.093
0.096
0.071
0.082
0.098
0.104
0.092
0.094
0.099
0.094
0.069
0.096
0.092
0.095
0.07
0.082
0.098
0.096
0.083
0.093
0.097
0.091
0.068
0.094
0.077
VALS
>.125
MEA EST.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MISS
ASSUM
>STA METH
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
3
47
47
47
47
47
19
47
47
47
47
0
53
31
-------
10 20 30 40 50 60
a=!
MAIME PM,
Annual average PM10 concentration in
ue/m3.
ug/'m3 for sites in Maine. The annual average PM10 standard is 50
32
-------
MAINE PM10
100
NAAQS 150 ug/m3
30
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
2- 80
UJ
tr
r>
o
60 -:
=. 25
<
O
uJ 20
5
x
D
15
Q 40
Z
O
o
111
w
X
O
x
10 -
20 -
92
93
94
YEAR
+
95
96
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Madawaska Bridgton Portland Jay
Oxford St. Bomaster Prop.
• 4- * :\
MAINE
PM-IO-0-IOUM(8II02)
Madawaska Bridgion Portland Jay
Oxford St. Bomaster Prop.
• + * A
UNITS: 00IUG/CU METER (2SC)
P
0
SITE ID C
Z3-UII-UUI1 1
23-019-0002 2
23-031-0005 1
23-005-0002 2
23-009-0201 1
23-009-0202 1
23-003-1013 1
23-007-0003 1
23-007-0004 3
23-001-0011 1
23-019-1007 2
23-019-1012 1
23-019-2003 1
23-003-1012 1
23-003-0013 2
23-017-0008 1
23-019-2009 1
23-005-0014 2
23-005-0015 1
23-003-1008 1
23-003-1011 1
23-003-1011 2
23-017-2007 1
23-025-2001 1
23-025-2002 1
23-013-2001 1
M
T CITY
L AUljimA
2 BANGOR
2 BIDDEFORD
3 BRIDGTON
3 ELLSWORTH
3 ELLSWORTH
3 HOULTON
4 JAY
2 JAY
2 LEWISTON
2 LINCOLN
4 LINCOLN
2 LINCOLN
2 LORINGAFB
2 MADAWASKA
2 MEXICO
2 MILLINOCKE
1 PORTLAND
1 PORTLAND
3 PRESQUE IS
3 PRESQUE IS
2 PRESQUE IS
2 RUMFORD
4 SKOWHEGAN
4 SKOWHEGAN
2 THOMASTON
COUNTY ADDRESS YR
KtNNtBtl 1 KIND HILL FAKMNl) L V6
PENOBSCOT PUMP STATION-WASHI 96
YORK CO 57 BIRCH STREET EAGL 96
CUMBERLAND UPPER RIDGE ROAD, R 96
HANCOCK CO 21 WATER STELLSWOR 96
HANCOCK CO 190 HIGH STELLSWORT 96
AROOSTOOK HOULTON FIRE STATIO 96
FRANKLIN C JEWELL PROPERTY-CRA 96
FRANKLIN C BOMASTER PROPERTY-J 96
ANDROSCOGG COUNTRY KITCHEN LOT 96
PENOBSCOT THOMAS MOT. TRA.PRK 96
PENOBSCOT PENOBSCOT RIVER /LI 96
PENOBSCOT POSTOFFICE-50FLEMI 96
AROOSTOOK BUILDING 5100 LORIN 96
AROOSTOOK BIG DADDY'S RESTAURA 96
OXFORD CO LABONVILLE'S-ROUTE 96
PENOBSCOT YORKSTREET-MILLINOC 96
CUMBERLAND SHELTER SITE-OXFORD 96
CUMBERLAND TUKETS BRIDGE-BEAN 96
AROOSTOOK PI REG OFF 58 CENTRAL 96
AROOSTOOK RIVERSIDE STREET PRE 96
AROOSTOOK RIVERSIDE STREET PRE 96
OXFORD CO VILLAGE GREEN-ROUTE 96
SOMERSET C HINKLEY FARM SCHOOL, 96
SOMERSET C EATON RIDGE-SCOTT P 96
KNOXCO MITCHELL PROP.-2 DEX 96
REP
ORG
UUI
001
001
001
001
001
001
103
103
001
109
109
109
001
001
104
110
001
001
001
001
001
104
102
102
106
NUM
OBS
OS
61
57
54
57
52
2
118
118
62
62
61
159
159
59
182
10
60
59
58
54
346
165
51
48
114
SCHEDULED
NUM % NUM
OBS OBS REQ
61
61
55
54
57
52
2
118
118
60
60
60
159
159
58
182
10
55
56
57
52
346
165
51
48
114
V5
95
86
84
89
81
100
95
95
94
94
94
86
95
91
99
63
86
88
89
81
95
90
80
75
92
61
64
64
64
64
64
2
124
124
64
64
64
184
105
64
184
16
64
64
64
124
366
64
64
64
124
MAXIMUM VALUES
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
/(S 64
41 34
38 37
28 24
53 48
53 51
25 13
40 39
46 29
52 37
31 27
41 35
81 70
40 30
58 52
55 41
24 23
42 37
64 61
27 24
44 43
109 104
34 33
39 26
40 26
45 39
ii
31
35
19
42
50
27
28
35
27
17
65
30
46
37
20
32
51
20
31
94
30
22
23
38
iy
28
30
18
41
47
26
26
34
25
17
65
21
39
35
20
31
47
19
31
85
29
19
22
36
VALS > 150
MEAS EST
u
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
u
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WTD
ARITH
HEAN
m
19
18
8?
20
20
19?
13
12
20
12
8
20
10?
23
16
14?
20
27
12
18?
24
12
10?
10?
15
HETH
U65
062
064
000
063
063
063
063
062
064
062
062
063
063
064
062
062
064
064
063
064
079
062
063
063
063
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
33
-------
430 EAST MAIK STREET
*
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
iSP!?!
Miles
MAINE SULFUR DIOXIDE
1 dioxide (SO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Maine. The
-------
MAINE SULFUR DIOXIDE
NAAQS"365 ug/mT
HI
D
13
O
^-
CM 100
25
UJ
5
O
LU
5
15 -j
r
NAAQS 80 ug/m3;
O
O
UJ 50
w
92 93 94 95 96
YEAR
Lewiston Madawaska Mexico Rumford Millinocket
Country Kitchen US Post Office
10
92
93
94
YEAR
fc-vX*
95
96
Lewiston Madawaska Mexico Rumford Millinocket
Country Kitchen US Post Office
MAINE
SULPHUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
O M
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY
23-003-1013
23-001-0011
23-001-3003
23-003-0009
23-003-0012
23-003-1003
23-017-0011
23-019-2009
23-005-0014
23-003-1011
23-017-2007
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
2
4
4
4
2
1
3
2
HOULTON AROOSTOOK C
LEWISTON ANDROSCOGGI
LEWISTON ANDROSCOGGI
MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK C
MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK C
MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK C
MEXICO OXFORD CO
MILLINOCKET PENOBSCOT C
PORTLAND CUMBERLAND
PRESQUE ISL AROOSTOOK C
RUMFORD OXFORD CO
ADDRESS
HOULTON FIRE STA
COUNTRY KITCHEN
COLUMBIA STREET
PORTABLE SHELTE
U.S.POST OFFICE,
HIGH SCHOOL-ST. T
HUNTS PROPERTY-
YORK STREET-MILLI
SHELTER SITE-OXF
RIVERSIDE STREET
VILLAGE GREEN-RO
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
001
001
001
113
113
113
104
110
001
001
104
UNITS: 007
OBS
MAX 24-HR >
#OBS 1ST 2ND STD
120
8322
744
8344
8341
8339
8202
1429
8359
4294
8250
0.006
0.026
0.018
0.045
0.042
0.025
0.013
0.022
0.023
0.01
0.014
0.004
0.018
0.017
0.04
0.037
0.021
0.013
0.02
0.021
0.01
0.012
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PPM
OBS
MAX-3 HR >
1ST 2ND STD
0.01
0.044
0.047
0.117
0.071
0.064
0.026
0.05
0.057
0.026
0.027
0.009
0.038
0.038
0.115
0.066
0.059
0.02
0.041
0.055
0.021
0.026
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX
1ST
0.013
0.076
0.048
0.208
0.171
0.141
0.035
0.087
0.075
0.033
0.044
1-HR
2ND
0.011
0.052
0.048
0.179
0.127
0.12
0.027
0.051
0.066
0.033
0.039
ARIT
MEAN
0.004?
0.004
0.006?
0.007
0.008
0.003
0.004
0.005?
0.005
0.003?
0.003
ETH
60
60
60
60
60
60
9
60
60
60
9
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
35
-------
BERKSHIRE
OLDCfTYHALL MERRMIACKBTOKT
LOWELL
4.5
WORCESTER
FRANKLIN STREET PARKING
WORCESTER
IS
SlUrtl HRE STATION CENTRAL1
woncESTEn
HO BRBUIAN STnfET EABTBOSTON
BOSTON
12
FEDERAL POST OFF BUM MLK&CONQFE68
BOSTON
4.7
KENMOBE SQUARE 680 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE
BOSTON
,1 UBWTY STREET PAHIONQ LOT
8PHNOF1EL0
«S
5 10 15 20 25 30
^f!
Miles
MASSACHUSETTS CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in Massachusetts.
The eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
-------
MASSACHUSETTS CARBON MONOXIDE
E 9 —
Q.
Q-
o: 7 ;
o
x
00 6 -|
Q 4
O
O
UJ ,
NAAQS 9 p|
$ J
92
93
94
YEAR
— - L.
95
96
Springfield Boston E. Boston Worcester
E.Columbus Ave. Kenmore Sq. Visconti St. Central St.
* X-
MASSACHUSETTS
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
0 M
SITE ID C T CITY
25-025-0002
25-025-0016
25-025-0021
25-025-0038
25-017-0007
25-013-0016
25-013-2007
25-027-0020
25-027-0022
1 2
1 2
1 1
1 1
1 2
1 1
1 1
1 2
1 2
BOSTON
BOSTON
BOSTON
BOSTON
LOWELL
SPRINGFIELD
SPRINGFIELD
WORCESTER
WORCESTER
COUNTY
SUFFOLK CO
SUFFOLK CO
SUFFOLK CO
SUFFOLK CO
MIDDLESEX CO
HAMPDEN CO
HAMPDEN CO
WORCESTER CO
WORCESTER CO
ADDRESS
KENMORE SQUARE, 590 COM
VISCONTI STREET, EAST BO
340 BREMAN STREET, EAST
FEDERAL POST OFF BLDG,M
OLD CITY HALL, MERRIMACK
LIBERTY STREET PARKING L
EAST COLUMBUS AVENUE
CENTRAL STREET FIRE STAT
FRANKLIN STREET PARKING
REP
YR ORG
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
#
DBS
8523
8688
8587
8655
8136
8541
8712
8622
8642
UNITS: 007 PPM
MAX 1-HR OBS>
1ST 2ND 35
5.8
6.9
6.6
6.6
19.8
9.4
13.6
11.5
9
5.5
6.6
5.6
5.8
19.4
9.2
12.8
9.8
6.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX 8-HR OBS>
1ST 2ND 9
4
3.2
4.1
4.9
10.5
7.1
9.5
5.6
4.2
3.3 0
3.2 0
3.2 0
4.7 0
4.5 1
6.5 0
7.7 1
5.3 0
3.9 0
METH
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
0
67
37
-------
•MBETKUUEV/WD
0007
WO PAflMAMJAVE (1VNN VWTIT1 THTAHIlim)
LYNN
0.011
HENMOflE SQUARE WO COMMONWEALTH AVBME
BOSTON
Q0»1
I
S 10 15 20 26 30
—s—
Mies
MASSACHUSETTS NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO,) concentration in ppm for sites in Massachusetts. The annual
average NO2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
-------
MASSACHUSETTS NITROGEN DIOXIDE
E 0.035
Q. ',
LU
2
g
LU
0.03 -i:
x
= 0.025 -\
< \
<
z>
0.02 -I
NAAQS 0.05 ppm
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Ware Boston Boston Chelsea Worcester
Kenmore Sq. Breman St.
1
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
SITE ID
25-013-0003
25-025-0002
25425-0021
25-025-0040
25-025-1003
25-013-0008
25-005-1005
25-009-2006
25-009-4004
2541S-0016
25-015-4002
25-027-0020
O
C
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M
T CITY
B AGAWAM
3 BOSTON
1 BOSTON
4 BOSTON
1 CHELSEA
8 CHICOPEE
8 EASTON
8 LYNN
8 NEWBURY
2 SPRINGFIELD
8 WARE
2 WORCESTER
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES
COUNTY
HAMPDEN CO
SUFFOLK CO
SUFFOLK CO
SUFFOLK CO
SUFFOLK CO
HAMPDEN CO
BRISTOL CO
ESSEX CO
ESSEX CO
HAMPDEN CO
HAMPSHIRE CO
WORCESTER CO
• ^ ^
MASSACHUSETTS
ADDRESS
152 SOUTH WESTFIELD STREET
KENMORE SQUARE, 590 COMMON
340 BREMAN STREET, EAST BO
531A EAST FIRST STREET
POWDER HORN HILL
ANDERSON ROAD AIR FORCE BA
1 BORDERLAND ST.
390 PARKLAND AVE. (LYNN WA
SUNSET BOULEVARD
LIBERTY STREET PARKING LOT
QUABBIN SUMMIT
CENTRAL STREET FIRE STATIC
UNITS: 007 PPM
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
001
001
001
005
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
#OBS
8340
8441
8523
8251
8456
8337
6032
7930
8227
8623
7892
8441
MAX
1ST
0.078
0.098
0.205
0.104
0.094
0.081
0.06
0.09
0.061
0.088
0.068
0.066
1-HR
2ND
0.075
0.094
0.118
0.094
0.094
0.078
0.055
0.078
0.059
0.08
0.067
0.065
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN
0.012
0.031
0.028
0.023
0.025
0.016
0.008?
0.016
0.007
0.024
0.007
0.019
METH
74
82
0
74
82
82
74
82
82
82
82
82
NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
39
-------
WMSeTBOULeVAW
NBMBUHV
TO BOTTOM AREA^TC COO NATT SEASHORE
MASSACHUSETTS OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Massachusetts.
-------
0_
D_
m
CM
MASSACHUSETTS OZONE
A 6
to
LU
^
$
^ 4
Z)
^
X
<
> 2
Q
u_
O
tr
LU
m
96
Fairhaven Agawam Chicopee
OZONE (44201)
MASSACHUSETTS
OZONE SEASON
UNITS: 007 PPM
: APRIL 1 TO OCTOBER 31
p
0
SITE ID C
25-003-4002 1
25-013-0003 1
25-0154)103 1
254)25-1003 1
254)13-0008 1
25-005-1001 1
25-005-1005 1
25-005-1002 1
25-009-0005 1
25-009-2006 1
25-009-4004 1
25-023-2001 1
25-017-1801 1
25-001-0002 1
254517-4003 1
254)15-4002 1
254)274)015 1
M
T
2
8
2
1
7
1
8
2
1
8
7
2
1
2
2
7
1
CITY
ADAMS
AGAWAM
AMHERST
CHELSEA
CHICOPEE
EASTON
EASTON
FAIRHAVEN
LAWRENCE
LYNN
NEWBURY
SCITUATE
SUDBURY
TRURO
WALTHAM
WARE
WORCESTER
COUNTY
BERKSHIRE C
HAMPDEN CO
HAMPSHIRE C
SUFFOLK CO
HAMPDEN CO
BRISTOL CO
BRISTOL CO
BRISTOL CO
ESSEX CO
ESSEX CO
ESSEX CO
PLYMOUTH C
MIDDLESEX C
BARNSTABLE
MIDDLESEX C
HAMPSHIRE C
WORCESTER
ADDRESS
MT. GREYLOCK SU
1 52 SOUTH WESTFI
NORTH PLEASANT
POWDER HORN HIL
ANDERSON ROAD
NORTH EASTON PO
1 BORDERLAND ST.
LEROY WOOD SCH
HIGH STREET, STO
390 PARKLAND AV
SUNSET BOULEVA
SCITUATE POLICE
WATER ROW RD G
FOX BOTTOM AREA
BEAVER STREET
QUABBIN SUMMIT
WORCESTER AIRP
REP
YR ORG
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
96 1
NUM
MEAS
145
213
205
209
206
210
207
213
212
205
196
212
209
211
207
212
194
NUM
REQ
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAX
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
0.108
0.103
0.103
0.091
0.108
0.099
0.106
0.146
0.093
0.113
0.103
0.094
0.105
0.128
0.097
0.111
0.091
0.108
0.101
0.097
0.089
0.108
0.097
0.102
0.118
0.092
0.105
0.1
0.088
0.102
0.124
0.09
0.11
0.091
0.089
0.099
0.092
0.086
0.103
0.091
0.095
0.112
0.09
0.098
0.099
0.087
0.099
0.116
0.09
0.103
0.09
0.082
0.093
0.091
0.086
0.1
0.088
0.095
0.107
0.09
0.097
0.098
0.083
0.093
0.109
0.086
0.097
0.088
VALS
>.125
MEA EST.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
MISS
ASSUM
>STA METH
0
1
4
1
4
2
4
1
2
7
8
2
4
1
4
2
3
47
87
47
0
87
56
87
87
87
87
87
0
47
0
87
87
87
41
-------
WPARK
/" C.
mm*
FRANKLIN
'UssSP-n /
WARE ****\\ 1
HAMPSHIRE fct-
XV_A
I r-A
WORCESTER / MIDDLESEX
WATB4 nOW HO QREAT MEADOW! NAT WUUFE
8UDBURY / \
f *
/
2 WAWMOTON VrREET
WORC88TEB
1*
NORFOLK
HANCOCK STREET
oumcr
22
/V
^
/ »40 DRPMAN STRfET EAST BOSTON
BOSTON
21
ONE O1Y SQUARE CHARLESTOWN
BOSTON
200 COUUMBU8 AVENUE
BOSTON
-M
- KSHMOBE BQUAne BBO COMMONWEALTH AVENUE
BOSTON
^JS4
Vx /
CeHTHALFIRE STATION 1W BEDFORD STRffiT_Mt*.
FAHnwin ~?K
•n •«..
\
YMCASKWATERt
NEW BEDFORD
1(1
*^
DUKES
MASSACHUSETTS PM,0
Annual average PMIO concentration in ug/m3 for sites in Massachusetts. The annual average PMIO standard
is 50 ug/m3.
-------
MASSACHUSETTS PM10
90
2_
LU
NAAQS 150ug/m3
1 80
70 -,„
o
60
.50
40 -:
30 J
92
93
94
YEAR
95
~*
>
96
Springfield Ware Boston Charlestown Worcester
Kenmore Sq. Washington St
35 _ -
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
30 -.
<
LU
o
H
HI
5
I
Q
LU
o
25
20
15 -
10
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Springfield Ware Boston Charlestown Worcester
Kenmore Sq. Washington St
PH-IO-0-IOUM(8II02)
MASSACHUSETTS
UNITS: OOIUG/CU METER (2SC)
SITE ID
25-025-0002
25-025-0012
25-025-0012
25-025-002!
25-025-0024
25-025-0027
25-025-0027
25-005-3001
25-009-0005
25-005-2004
25-021-0007
25-013-0011 ;
25-013-2007
25-013-2007 ]
25-017-1801
25-015-4002
25-013-5003
25-027-0013
25-027-0016
P
3 M
C T CITY
BOSTON
1 BOSTON
I 3 BOSTON
1 2 BOSTON
I BOSTON
1 BOSTON
! 3 BOSTON
2 FALL RIVER
2 LAWRENCE
2 NEW BEDFOR
2 QUINCY
! 2 SPRINGFIEL
1 SPRINGFIEL
3 SPRINGFIEL
2 SUDBURY
2 WARE
2 WESTSPRIN
2 WORCESTER
1 WORCESTER
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES
COUNTY ADDRESS
iOFFOLKCO KENHOUSQUAkE.s'M
SUFFOLK CO 115 SOUTHAMPTON STR
SUFFOLK CO 115 SOUTHAMPTON STR
SUFFOLK CO 340 BREMAN STREET, E
SUFFOLK CO 200 COLUMBUS AVENU
SUFFOLK CO ONE CITY SQUARE, CHA
SUFFOLK CO ONE CITY SQUARE, CHA
BRISTOL CO CENTRAL FIRE STATION,
ESSEX CO HIGH STREET, STORRO
BRISTOL CO YMCA, 25 WATER STREE
NORFOLK CO HANCOCK STREET
HAMPDEN CO 59 HOWARD STREET
HAMPDENCO EAST COLUMBUS AVENU
HAMPDENCO EAST COLUMBUS AVENU
MIDDLESEX WATER ROW RD GREAT
HAMPSHIRE QUABBIN SUMMIT
HAMPDENCO W.SPRINGFIELD FIRED
WORCESTER 419 BELMONT STREET
WORCESTER 2 WASHINGTON STREET
NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
REP
YR ORG
U 661
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 00 1
96 001
96 001
96 001
96 001
NUM
OBS
"IT
50
17
55
37
57
44
59
52
60
51
57
59
50
52
no
50
54
49
SCHEDULED
NUM % NUM
OBS OBS REQ
41
50
15
55
37
57
44
59
52
60
51
57
59
50
52
82
50
48
48
W
78
47
86
58
89
69
92
81
94
80
89
92
78
81
87
78
86
75
TT
64
32
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
124
64
64
64
MAXIMUM VALUES
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
41 56
88 80
61 39
53 41
92 64
62 62
74 67
50 44
35 34
51 44
92 55
72 44
81 66
84 67
54 51
50 40
37 37
54 46
53 38
64
38
35
62
57
59
37
26
35
47
42
57
58
35
35
31
45
36
45 •
60
25
34
47
52
52
36
24
35
42
35
53
52
31
34
30
41
32
VALS > 150
MEAS EST
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
~T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WTD
ARITH
MEAN
~2T~
27?
22?
21
26?
27
27?
17
14?
16
22?
20
30
30?
14?
II?
19?
22?
19?
METH
"TZT~
062
062
063
064
064
064
063
062
062
062
064
063
063
063
062
063
064
064
43
-------
HJLUOPATENDOTaLtNROAD
OOT
\ *»i
OlOMEtTWEt .'
FALLFfVEH
.006
0 6 10 15 20 25 30
USE?
Milet
MASSACHUSETTS SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Massachusetts. The annual average
SO2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
-------
MASSACHUSETTS SULFUR DIOXIDE
180
NAAQS 80ug/mJ
20 -LJ- ;..
92 93
96
Fall River Lawrence Springfield Ware Boston Worcester
Longhill St. Kenmore Sq.
96
Fall River Lawrence Springfield Ware Boston Worcester
Longhill St. Kenrnore Sq.
MASSACHUSETTS
SITE ID
•^•i^^H^^^HM
25-025-0002
25-025-0019
25-025-0020
25-025-0021
25-025-0021
25-025-0040
25-025-1003
25-005-0010
25-005-1004
25-009-5004
25-009-0005
25-009-3003
25-009-1004
25-009-1005
25-013-0016
25-013-1009
25-017-1701
25-005-6001
25-017-4003
25-015-4002
25-027-0020
W/"ill-
P
o
c
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
»C ('
M
T
1
4
4
1
4
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
2
1
' UNITS: 007 PPM
DBS
CITY
BOSTON
BOSTON
BOSTON
BOSTON
BOSTON
BOSTON
CHELSEA
FALL RIVER
FALL RIVER
HAVERHILL
LAWRENCE
MARBLEHEA
PEA BODY
PEA BODY
SPRINGFIELD
SPRINGFIELD
STONEHAM
SWANSEA
WALTHAM
WARE
WORCESTER
COUNTY ADDRESS
SUFFOLK CO KENMORE SQUARE,
SUFFOLK CO LONG ISLAND, BOS
SUFFOLK CO DEWAR STREET, DO
SUFFOLK CO 340 BREMAN STREE
SUFFOLK CO 340 BREMAN STREE
SUFFOLK CO 531A EAST FIRST S
SUFFOLK CO POWDER HORN HIL
BRISTOL CO BETWEEN GLOBE A
BRISTOL CO GLOBE STREET
ESSEX CO NETTLE SCHOOL, B
ESSEX CO HIGH STREET, STOR
ESSEX CO WATER TOWER, GR
ESSEX CO HILLTOP AT END OF
ESSEX CO PERKINS STREET P
HAMPDEN CO LIBERTY STREET P
HAMPDEN CO LONGHILL STREET
MIDDLESEX CO HILL STREET
BRISTOL CO SHARPS LOT ROAD
MIDDLESEX CO BEAVER STREET
HAMPSHIRE CO QUABBIN SUMMIT
WORCESTER C CENTRAL STREET F
REP
YR ORG
96 001
96 005
96 005
96 001
96 005
96 005
96 001
96 017
96 001
96 002
96 001
96 017
96 026
96 026
96 001
96 001
96 025
96 017
96 001
96 001
96 001
SOBS
8631
8351
8378
8678
8363
8371
8625
8394
8618
8390
8201
8716
7992
8643
8466
8525
8626
8660
8599
8711
8432
MAX 24-HR
1ST 2ND
0.019
0.019
0.033
0.026
0.025
0.038
0.078
0.028
0.03
0.023
0.029
0.026
0.032
0.03
0.028
0.032
0.039
0.051
0.022
0.017
0.021
0.017
0.017
0.032
0.025
0.025
0.028
0.037
0.021
0.026
0.014
0.023
0.022
0.027
0.025
0.027
0.028
0.032
0.043
0.017
0.017
0.021
>
STD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX-3 HR
1ST 2ND
0.042
0.04
0.067
0.067
0.049
0.086
0.197
0.066
0.074
0.026
0.06
0.056
0.05
0.08
0.057
0.042
0.078
0.195
0.043
0.026
0.033
0.031
0.037
0.061
0.067
0.044
0.08
0.188
0.066
0.066
0.026
0.056
0.051
0.047
0.065
0.043
0.041
0.078
0.181
0.038
0.023
0.033
OBS
>
STD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX
1ST
0.044
0.052
0.079
0.076
0.051
0.143
0.279
0.134
0.117
0.037
0.084
0.07
0.064
0.114
0.065
0.065
0.092
0.229
0.054
0.028
0.04
1-HR ARIT
2ND MEAN
0.043 0.004
0.049 0.005
0.073 0.007
0.076 0.007
0.05 0.007
0.103 0.008
0.25 0.007
0.109 0.005
0.102 0.005
0.032 0.005
0.075 0.005
0,065 0.006
0.062 0.007
0.109 0.005
0.06 0.006
0.057 0.007
0.081 0.007
0.219 0.005
0.047 0.004
0.027 0.002
0.039 0.005
ETH
61
60
60
61
60
60
77
9
77
9
60
9
9
g
0
0
9
9
61
60
SO
45
-------
A
CHESHIRE
ROCK1NGHAM
X"
I'"
HILLSBOROUGH \
^SH«ET IMTARAZZOBUtLOMQ *—\ X'
\ : ] ^~7 0 6 10 16 20 25 30
Mes
NEW HAMPSHIRE CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in New
Hampshire. The eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE CARBON MONOXIDE
96
Manchester, Bridge St. Nashua
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
0 M
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
NEW HAMPSHIRE
ADDRESS
YR
UN ITS: 00? PPM
REP # MAX 1-HR OBS> MAX 8-HR OBS>
ORG OBS 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METH
33-011-0018 I 2 MANCHESTER HILLSBOROUGH C 20 BRIDGE STREET 96
33-011-1009 I 2 NASHUA HILLSBOROUGH C 25 MAIN STREET, MATARAZZ 96
I
7864
7752
28
9
18
9
13.5 7.6
6.3 5.4
47
-------
.*.
A
t
<
COOS
0 6 » 1S 20 2S 30
x
CHESHIRE
NEW HAMPSHIRE NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in ppm for sites in New Hampshire. The annual
average NO2 is 0.05 ppm.
48
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0,02 -—
Q.
Q.
NAAQS 0.05 ppm
lil
^
g
LLJ
2
X
K
CC
ID
Z
0.01
92
93 94
YEAR
Manchester Portsmouth
95
96
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
UNITS: 00? PPM
SITE ID
33-011-0016
33-015-0009
O
C
1
1
M
T
2
2
CITY
MANCHESTER
PORTSMOUTH
COUNTY
HILLSBOROUGH
ROCKINGHAM C
ADDRESS
HARNETT PARK, MUNICIPAL PA
VAUGHAN STREET
YR
36
96
REP
ORG
001
001
#OBS
8324
8477
MAX
1ST
0.158
0.061
1-HR
2ND
0.109
0.06
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN METH
0.019 14
0.013 14
49
-------
.***•
. 3 ***w*
^*r v~
t
/
f
\
/
/
<
*
'«. coos
I
s"
•>
>
,»••
/I
^ 1
•
1
1
I
I
1
I
I
i
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
I
i
t
t
1
1
V
5 10 15 20 25 30
Miles
NEW HAMPSHIRE OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in New Hampshire.
50
-------
Q.
Q_
un
CM
il
A 3
to
LLJ
2
13
2
X
Q
u_
O
UJ
m
OZONE (44201)
NEW HAMPSHIRE OZONE
2 -
NAAQS 1 day >= .125 ppm
92
93
95
YEAR
Manchester Nashua Portsmouth Rye
NEW HAMPSHIRE
OZONE SEASON
UNITS: 007 PPM
: APRIL 1 TO OCTOBER 31
SITE ID
53-009-8001
33-019-0003
33-013-0007
33-003-1002
33-009-0008
33-005-0007
33-001-2003
33-011-0016
33-011-1010
33-015-0009
33-017-3002
33-015-0012
P
O
c
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M
T
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
CITY
CLAREMONT
CONCORD
CONWAY
HAVERHILL
KEENE
LACONIA
MANCHESTER
NASHUA
PORTSMOUTH
ROCHESTER
RYE
COUNTY ADDRESS
GRAFTON CO HUBBARD BROOK
SULLIVAN CO SOUTH STREET
MERRIMACK C STORRS STREET
CARROLL CO KANKAMAUGUS Hi
GRAFTON CO HAVERHILL ARMOR
CHESHIRE CO RAILROAD STREET
BELKNAP CO LACONIA MUNICIPA
HILLSBOROU HARNETT PARK, M
HILLSBOROU SANDERS ASSOCIA
ROCKINGHAM VAUGHAN STREET
STRAFFORD C ROCHESTER HILL R
ROCKINGHAM RYE HARBOR STAT
YR
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
800
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NUM
MEAS
91
202
179
149
114
202
199
205
212
211
197
209
NUM
REQ
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
214
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAX
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
0,095
0.097
0.098
0.094
0.078
0.106
0.091
0.108
0.103
0.1
0.098
0.11
0.07
0.09
0.095
0.079
0.068
0.091
0.088
0.103
0.098
0.098
0.098
0.107
0.069
0.089
0.08
0.078
0.068
0.091
0.088
0.101
0.094
0.097
0.093
0.106
0.067
0.08
0.08
0.072
0.064
0.088
0.073
0.094
0.092
0.095
0.091
0.105
VALS
>.125
MEA EST.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MISS
ASSUM
>STA METH
0
10
3
3
1
5
2
3
2
1
1
5
14
11
11
11
11
0
11
11
11
11
11
11
51
-------
t
t
coos
.- BOWTtJ
S HORIHUMWLMW
» «
»» CATBBHLLM>~
IW.STA1EHCXJ8E
COMCOK)/
/
SMiaets «ssocB«ra MIMM UJT
NASHUA
IT
NEW HAMPSHIRE PM,
Annual average PM,0 concentration in ug/'m3 for sites in New Hampshire, The annual average PM,
standard is 50 ue/m3.
52
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE PM10
90 -r
NAAQS 150ug/m3
n 80
~
HI
1 70
5X
60 H
50
Q
§ 40
O
UJ
35
30 -,
<
UJ
O
H
UJ
5
I
2
X
O
"NAAQS 50~ug/mT
25 -
20 H_
15
30
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Berlin Manchester Portsmouth
Lancaster St.
10
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Berlin Manchester Portsmouth
Lancaster St.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
mm: Ml UG/CU METEI (25C)
p
0 M
SJTEID C T CfTY COWm ADDRESS
lieu-ill! 1 3 PJEUWflACI NT.SWAPEE
33-M7-WI4 1 2 Kim COOS CO LA&CASTER STREET TRA
3J-M7-W4 2 3 ttllM COOS CO LANCASTER STREET TRA
33-907-Mlf 1 2 IEN.M COOS CO CATESWILRB
33-019-MW 1 2 CLAIEHOKT SWilf AH C SOUTH STREET
334I9-WI3 2 3 CUIENOUT SdUJMNC SOUTH STREET
33-OI3-MI3 1 2 COHC018 HfRRfHAa HO. STATE HOWE
33-017-Mtt
33-OII-2MI
33-W5-M87
33-Oil-MIS
33-OII-MI5 .
33-01 1-IM7
33-OII-IOM
33-W7-IM7
33-OIS-WW
2 DOVER STRAfFORD CENTRAL AVE
2 HOIUS miSBORCHI RTE. 122, SILVER LAW
2 IEEHE CHESHIRE C RAH.ROAD STREET
1 MANCHESTER NtLLSIOROU 351 CHESTHUT STREET,
3 MANCHESTER HIUSIOROU 351 CHESTNUT STREET,
2 NASWM HiLLSBORCHJ MAIN STREET
2 NASHBA HtLLSIOWHJ SAHDERS ASSOCIATES,
2 HORTWJHtER COOS CO ROUTES 1 1« AW3 3, CW
2 PORTSMOUTH ROttlHGHAM YAUGHAN STREET
YR
tft
96
96
96
96
H
H
96
96
H
H
96
96
96
96
96
REP
ORG
Dftl
W2
9f2
962
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
982
Ml
Wfl
ots
5l
9
9
15
59
60
5C
52
56
54
58
56
59
59
57
59
SCHEDULED
ROM % HUM
0!S MS REQ
51
9
9
15
59
M
50
52
54
54
58
56
59
59
57
59
80
56
56
94
92
94
78
81
88
84
91
88
92
92
89
92
64
16
16
16
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
MAXIMUM MBES
1ST 2HD 3ID 4TH
40
53
29
24
37
43
40
44
41
48
42
43
44
46
38
46
18
41
29
16
36
37
38
38
36
46
38
39
40
44
38
42
18
36
28
13
34
34
35
33
36
41
38
38
37
37
33
41
18
25
27
II
29
28
33
29
31
41
34
38
36
34
31
34
VALS > 150
MEAS EST
0
S
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WTD
ARITH
MEAN
8?
28?
23?
10?
15
15
16?
15
13?
21?
16
16
17
17
18
18
METH
064
064
062
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
064
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES WT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
53
-------
BRSME QROVET
' VA1IQHAN STREET
PORTSMOUTH
7
ROCKINQHAM /
.W
NEW HAMPSHIRE SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration in ppm for sites in New Hampshire. The annual average
SO, standard is 0,03 ppm.
54
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE SULFUR DIOXIDE
120 — — --
NAAQS 365 ug/m3
22 -
NAAQS 80 ug/m3
CO \
1! 100 -
UJ A \
_J '^^s
> - \
K \
0 \
I 80 -
s ^
5
i : \
5 \
I «>-!
* /
\ A
* \
/
V
\ »
X'
/ X
\*7 \ !
>£ • \ '
' B^^*^,. V
W
iU
?T
I1 18
z
UJ
5 16
g
i —
UJ
1 14
f—
tr
_j
D 12
O
O
UJ
U)
40
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Berlin Northumberland Manchester Nashua
Gates Hill Rd. Majn st
• + * X
10 -
92
> - -*,
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Berlin Northumberland Manchester Nashua
NEW HAMPSHIRE
SULPHUR DIOXIDE (42401)
SITE ID
33-007-0019
33-007-0022
33-019-0003
33-013-0007
33-005-0007
33-011-0016
33-011-1009
33-011-1010
33-007-1007
33-013-1003
33-015-0009
P
U
r
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M
T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR
2 BERLIN COOS CO GATES HILL RD 96
2 BERLIN COOS CO OFF HUTCHINS ST., 96
2 CLAREMONT SULLIVAN CO SOUTH STREET 96
2 CONCORD MERRIMACKC STORRS STREET 96
2 KEENE CHESHIRE CO RAILROAD STREET 96
1 MANCHESTE HILLSBOROUG HARNETT PARK, MU 96
2 NASHUA HILLSBOROUG 25 MAIN STREET, M 96
2 NASHUA HILLSBOROUG SANDERS ASSOCIA 96
2 NORTHUMBE COOS CO ROUTES 110 AND 3, 96
2 PEMBROKE MERRIMACKC PEMBROKE HILL, B 96
2 PORTSMOUT ROCKINGHAM VAUGHAN STREET 96
UNITS: 007
DBS
REP MAX 24-HR
ORG *OBS
902 4302
902 3725
001 8245
001 7794
001 8302
001 8325
001 8549
001 8492
004 8557
001 8413
001 8390
1ST
0.056
0.023
0.018
0.02
0.024
0.038
0.021
0.018
0.051
0.04
0.024
2ND
0.024
0.019
0.017
0.015
0.024
0.026
0.021
0.016
0.045
0.033
0.015
PPM
DBS
> MAX-3 HR >
STD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1ST
0.092
0.026
0.042
0.078
0.051
0.059
0.04
0.043
0.156
0.122
0.058
2ND
0.088
0.026
0.039
0.076
0.043
0.058
0.037
0.035
0.152
0.12
0.055
STD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MAX
1ST
0.146
0.041
0.06
0.231
0.065
0.09
0.05
0.07
0.24
0.22
0.116
1-HR ARIT
2ND MEAN
0.134 0.005?
0.04 0.003?
0.043 0.003
0.104 0.003
0.057 0.006
0.076 0.007
0.047 0.005
0.046 0.004
0.167 0.005
0.205 0.006
0.11 0.004
ETH
20
20
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
55
-------
•4KXMNEAVE
PROVIDENCE
WASHINGTON
MM
WASHINGTON
ISLAND CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in Rhode Island.
The eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
56
-------
RHODE ISLAND CARBON MONOXIDE
NAAQS 9 ppm
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Providence
Dept. of Health Dorrance St. Rockefella Lib.
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
0 N
SITE 10 C T CITY
COUNTY
RHODE ISLAM)
MJMESS
B»m: 007 PW
IEP # KAXI-HR M5> MAX8-HI OIS>
Yl 016 OSS 1ST 2KB 35 1ST 2ND ! HETH
44-W7-IOIO I 3 EAST PROVIDE PROVIDENCE CO FRANCIS SCHOOL, 44 IOURN H I 2073 I.I I 0 0.9 0.8 0 54
44-007-0012 2 I PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE CO ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY, PRO % I IMS 5 4.5 0 2.9 2.8 0 54
44-007-1009 I I PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE CO U DORRANCE STREET. H I S3J8 7.4 7.3 0 4.8 4.4 0 66
57
-------
„.- —--1
PROVIDENCE
'-*!
ROCKEFELLER LBRARY PROSPECT STREET
PROVIDENCE
0.025
KENT
— W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS URI P,
W
V
WASHINGTON
FRANCIS SCHOOL, 64 BOURNE AVE
EAST PROVIDENCE
0.010
' '& ^
/ <
0123456789 10
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Rhode Island. The annual average
NO, standard is 0.05 ppm.
58
-------
RHODE ISLAND NITROGEN DIOXIDE
^ 0.026 -
E ^
& a°24 '!,
Z 0.022 -J
0.02
P 0.018 -
LU
^> 0.016 —
X -j
t 0.014 -I
0.006
NAAQS .05 ppm
0.012 -
0.01
0.008
92
93 94
YEAR
Providence East Providence
95
96
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
RHODE ISLAND
UNITS: 007 PPM
SITE ID
44-003-0002
44W-1010
44-007-0012
O
C
1
1
2
M
T
3
8
2
CITY
EAST PROVIDE
PROVIDENCE
COUNTY ADDRESS
KENT CO W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS URI
PROVIDENCE CO FRANCIS SCHOOL, 64 BOURNE
PROVIDENCE CO ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY, PROSP
YR
96
96
96
REP
ORG
001
001
001
#OBS
1818
2070
7775
MAX
1ST
0.024
0.042
0.076
1-HR
2ND
0.021
0.041
0.075
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN
0.003?
0.010?
0.025
METH
74
74
35
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
59
-------
--- — 1
PROVIDENCE
ROCtCEF£U£R LIBRARY
PROVIDENCE
8
*4 BOURNE AVE
WASHINGTON
01 23456789K)
K
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Rhode Island.
60
-------
0.
CL
in
CNi 4
u
A
RHODE ISLAND OZONE
UJ
CD
2
| NAAQS 1 day >= .125 ppm
West Greenwich Providence
AMon Jones Rockefeller Lib.
OZONE (44201)
RHODE ISLAND
OZONC SEASON
UNITS: 007 PPM
: APRIL 1 TO OCTOBER 31
P
O M
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
ADDRESS
REP MUM HUM
YR ORG UEAS REQ
VAUO DAILY 1-HR MAX
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
VALS MISS
>.125 ASSUM
MEA EST. >STA METH
44-0634)002 1 2 KENT CO W. ALTON JONES C 9S 1 211 214 0.115 0.107 0.104 0.102 0 0 2 S3
44-007-1010 1 8 EAST PROVIDE PROVIDENCE FRANCIS SCHOOL, 96 1 202 214 0.118 0.112 0.1 0.095 0 0 6 47
44-*67-0012 1 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE ROCKEFELLER LIB 96 1 1SO 214 0.098 0.092 0.08 0.074 0 0 20 47
61
-------
127 SOCIAL STREET
WOONSOCKET ,
PROVIDENCE
SUMMrr STREET SAMPUNS
PAWTUCKET
26
ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY, PROSPECT STREET
23
111FOUNTAWST
PROVIDENCE
26
KENT
W. ALTON JONES CAMPIS UK PAHKERFELO
WESTQREENWICH ""««
12
WASHINGTON
01 23456783 10
s^-^
Miles
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND PM10
Annual average PM,0 concentration in ug/'m3 for sites in Rhode Island. The annual average PMIO standard
is 50 uR/m3.
62
-------
RHODE ISLAND PM10
90
NAAQS 150 ug/m3
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
so
40 -
ce
o 70
60
Q
O
O
UJ
OT
50
<
LU
5
O
(-
LU
X
35 -
30 -T
Q
111
h-
I
CD
25 ^
V
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Providence Pawtucket
Aliens Ave.
20
92
96
Providence Pawtucket
Aliens Ave
RHODE ISLAND
PN-[0-0-IOUM(8II02)
UNITS: OOI UG/CU HETER (2SC)
p
0
SITE ID C
44-003-0002 I
44-007-0008 I
44-007-IOOS I
44-007-00 12 I
44-007-0020 I
44-007-002! I
44-007-4002 I
M
T CITY COUNTY
2 KENT CO
2 EASTPROVI PROVIDENCE
I PAWTUCKET PROVIDENCE
2 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE
I PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE
2 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE
2 WOONSOCKET PROVIDENCE
ADDRESS
W.ALTON JONES CAMP
EAST PROV FIRE STATIC
SUMMIT STREET SAMPLI
ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY,
ALLENS AVE, PROVIDEN
I II FOUNTAIN ST
I27 SOCIAL STREET, WO
REP
YR ORG
96 OOI
96 OOI
96 OOI
96 OOI
96 OOI
96 OOI
96 OOI
NUM
OBS
5ii
59
58
56
59
56
58
SCHEDULED
NUM % NUM
OBS OBS REQ
58
59
58
56
59
56
58
9l
92
91
88
92
88
91
M
64
64
64
64
64
64
MAXIMUM VALUES
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
6"4
60
64
63
99
62
65
jj
46
51
60
83
57
45
31
38
49
43
70
43
45
30
35
42
40
69
43
38
VALS > 150
MEAS EST
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WTD
ARITH
MEAN
11
21
25
23
38
25
21
METH
W4
064
064
064
064
064
064
63
-------
PROVIDENCE
WASHINGTON
012I4SI7II10
WASHINGTON
ISLAND SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Rhode Island, The annual average
SO2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
64
-------
RHODE ISLAND SULFUR DIOXIDE
120
no -|^r\
ui
100 -J
ce
o
O
O
111
90 -
80 -
70 -
" "NAAQS~365~ug7ffi3]
28 -T_—
26 -
24 -|
22 -j
NAAQ5 80 ug/m3!
X
I—
ce
20 -i
"•* >
60 —i
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Providence Providence Pawtucket Providence
DOH Dorrance St. Rockefeller Lib.
• * * O
14 H
92 93 94 95
YEAR
96
Providence Providence Pawtucket Providence
DOH Dorrance St. Rockefeller Lib
• * >
SULPHUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
O M
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
RHODE ISLAND
ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
OBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX-3 HR
YRORG#OBS 1ST 2ND STD 1ST 2ND
OBS
> MAX
STD 1ST
1-HR ARIT
2ND MEAN ETH
44-007-1005 1 1 PAWTUCKET PROVIDENCE C SUMMIT STREET SA 86 001 8345 0.034
44-007-0012 2 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE C ROCKEFELLER LIB 96 001 8139 0.035
44^07-1009 1 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE C 76 DORRANCE STR 96 001 8247 0.032
0.026 0 0.095 0.06 0 0.098 0.098 0.007 9
0.032 0 0.063 0.058 0 0.075 0.067 0.009 39
0.032 0 0.082 0.069 0 0.105 0.081 0.008 39
65
-------
0 § 10 15 20 2S 30
_
Mas
VERMONT CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in Vermont. The
eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
66
-------
VERMONT CARBON MONOXIDE
_ _
~~~ ~ ~'"'~ ~NAAQ39pprrf
93 94 95 ge
YEAR
Burlington Rutland
VERMONT
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101) UNITS: 00? PPM
P
0 M REP # MAX 1-HR OBS> MWS-HR OBS>
"TE'D C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG OBS 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METH
50-007-0003 I 2 BURLIKGTON CHITTENDENCO ADJ.T082S.WINOOSKIA 96 I 8488 7.2 6.9 0 4.3 3.3 0 67
$0-021-0002 I 2 RUTLAND RUTLAND CO PARKING LOT ADJ. TO 9 ME 96 i 8608 6.1 6.1 0 4.3 3.6 0 67
67
-------
5 W 15 20 25 30
VERMONT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Vermont. The annual average
NO2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
68
-------
VERMONT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0,018 -,
D. 0.01?
NAAQS 0.05 ppm
UJ
O
0.016
0.015
uj 0.014 -|
x -j
t 0.013 -I
cc I
< 1
—I 0.012 -|
Z) 1
" 0.011 -|
0.01 - ....... J ---------------------
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Burlington Rutland
MTROGEN CKOXIDE (4!«02)
SITE ID
O M
C T CITY
COUNTY
VERMONT
ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
1 2 BURLINGTON CHUTENDEN CO ADJ. TO »2 S. WINOOSK! AVE
1 2 RUTLAND RUTLAND CO PARKING LC
IOOSKIAVE
J. TO > MERC
YR
9f
M
REP
ORG
001
801
#oes
8S43
•OM
MAX
1ST
0.081
0.075
1-HR
2ND
0.08
*.»««
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN
0.017
0.012
METH
74
0
69
-------
PROCTOR MAPLE RESEARCH F
UNDBMU.
WASHINGTON
H
%
ESSEX /
.2
V*
.>/"
I AWPORTRD BBffWSTON VERMONT
r BENNINQTON I
» o v
I L *\
VERMONT OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance davs for sites in Vermont.
70
-------
Q_
CL
in
II
A
w
HI
VERMONT OZONE
NAAQS 1 day >= .125 ppm
=>
^
X
o ° -|
LLJ
CD
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Burlington Bennington
OZONE (44201)
VERMONT
OZONE SEASON
UNITS: 007 PPM
: APRIL 1 TO OCTOBER 31
P
O M
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
ADDRESS
REP MUM MUM
YR ORG MEAS REQ
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAX
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
VALS MISS
>.125 ASSUM
MEA EST. >STA METH
8MW7-OQ07 1 2 CHITTENDEN PROCTOR MAPLE R 96 1 214 214 0.094 0.075 0.075 0.074
HMJ03-0004 1 2 BENNINGTON BENNINGTON AIRPORT RD, BENN 96 1 196 214 0.11 0.098 0.096 0.091
87
0
71
-------
'/ ^^
SOUTH SaHMAKY STHffiT MHME *
« /
VERMONT PMio
Annual average PM10 concentration in ug/m3 for sites in Vermont. The annual average PM10 standard is
ug/m3.
is 30
72
-------
VERMONTPM10
60
NAAQS 150ug/m3
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
55 -
UJ
24 -I
C 50
O
45 -;
O
O
HI
V)
40
UJ
5 22
O
I—
HI
o: 20
<
Q
UJ
I-
X
g
S! 18
\.
35 -
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
16
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Burlington Barre Brattleboro
Burlington Barre Brattleboro
PH-IO-0-IOUM(8II02)
VERMONT
UNITS: Ml UG/CU METER (25C)
p
0 M
HIE ID C T CITY
5W07-WW7 I 2
5W23-0003 3 2 BARRE
50-003-0005 I 2 BENNINGTON
JW25-0003 2 2 BRATTLEIOR
5M25-OOW I 2 BRATTLEBOR
W07-0003 I I BURLINGTON
5M07-OW3 2 3 BURLINGTON
5M2I-OW2 I 2 RUTLAND
5M2I-0002 2 3 RUTLAND
ABDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES
COUNTY ADDRESS
CHITTENOEN PROtfOl BAFLE RESEA
WASHINGTON SOUTH SEWKARY STRE
BENNINGTON BRADFORD STREET BEN
WINDHAM CO 232 MAIN STREET, BRAT
WINDHAM CO I277 PUTNEY ROAD, RT
CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S, WINQOSK
CHITTENDEN ADJ.T082S.WINOOSK
RUTLAND CO PARKIMG LOT ADJ. TO 9
RUTLAND CO PARKING LOT ADJ. TO 9
NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
REP
YR OKG
94 Ml
96 Ml
96 00 1
96 001
96 Ml
96 Ml
96 Ml
96 00 i
96 Ml
NUM
MS
y
S6
S9
59
38
55
57
56
56
SCHEDULED
NUM % NUM
OIS OIS REQ
$2
56
59
5f
38
55
57
56
56
n
88
92
92
95
86
89
88
88
44
64
64
64
40
64
64
64
64
MAXIMUM VALUES
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
3l
39
SO
41
43
42
36
39
38
Jl
38
41
46
41
37
34
39
37
tt
36
31
34
39
37
33
39
37
2j
34
30
34
35
34
32
38
33
¥ALS > 150
MEAS EST
S
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WTD
ARITH
MEAN
ll>
21?
IS
19
21?
21?
20
22
20
METH
&6l
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
73
-------
>!•
.
• -aw
VERMONT SULFUR DIOXIDE .
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration in ppm for sites in Vermont. The annual average SO,
standard is 0.03 ppm.
74
-------
VERMONT SULFUR DIOXIDE
NAAQS 365 ug/m3
40 - NAAQS 80 ug/m3
— 150 -
UJ
O
100 -
Q
O 50
O
LU
W
E
30 -
UJ
O
20
I
E
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Burlington Rutland
92
93
94
YEAR
95
96
Burlington Rutland
SULPHUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
O M
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
VERMONT
ADDRESS
UMITS: 007 PPM
OBS DBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX-3 HR > MAX
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND STD 1ST 2ND STD 1ST
1-HR ARIT
2ND MEAN ETH
5MOT-0003 1 1 BURLINGTON CHITTENDEN C ADJ. TO 82 S. WIN 96 001 8585 0.016 0.014 0 0.034 0.032 0
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND RUTLAND CO PARKING LOT ADJ. 96 001 8691 0.036 0.032 0 0.073 0.063 0
0.06 0.053 0.002 60
0.102 0.081 0.006 60
75
-------
Table 4
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CO
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>
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<
a:
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< £
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5
CL
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Q 2
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CM
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>-
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ZJ S
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4iiMHM
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76
-------
Region 11996 Performance Audit Program
Region I conducts an audit program to assess the performance of Ambient Air Monitoring
Networks to provide operators of these Networks with technical assistance to maintain and
improve overall data quality. The audit procedures used in Region I are adapted from Volume
II, of the U.S. EPA Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurements. Gaseous
pollutant audits are conducted by introducing a known concentration of a specific pollutant
(traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) into the monitor's sample
intake, recording the response of the audited instrument, and comparing the instrument's response
to the actual or known concentration. Mass Flow and Volumetric Flow controlled instruments
for Particulate Matter less than 10 microns in size (PM10) are audited by attaching a reference flow
device to the monitor which restricts air flow to a known rate. The known air flow rate is then
compared with the rate of flow indicated by the sampler. These on site performance audits are
conducted by EPA Region I, Ecosystem Assessment Branch hi Lexington. The total number of
Audits have been significantly decreased due to diminished travel funds and an agumented
workload focusing on the PAMS program.
A total of 41 audits were conducted in the six New England States on instruments that
measure Ozone (O3), Sulfur Dioxide (SOi), Particulate Matter less than 10 microns in size (PM10)
and Carbon Monoxide (CO).
Of the 18 O3 audits conducted hi 19%, all passed the audit. Region I's O 3audits continue
to focus on coastal O3 sites due to the concern that O3 may be transported up the coast and peak
O3 levels are usually experienced at these sites.
Sixteen PM10 audits were conducted with no failures hi 1996. Of the 7 CO audits
conducted hi 19%, all passed.
77
-------
Nonattainment Areas in New England
For 1996
Nor—At me : S:otu :
Port of County
I hote Cour
Co
Ozone
A
PMIO
S02
A
A
78
-------
This Page Intentionally Blank
79
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Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)
The enhanced ozone precursor monitoring initiative, known as the PAMS program, is one
of the most ambitious air quality monitoring programs ever attempted by the EPA and the States.
The overall purpose of this long-term program (10+ years) is to monitor the changes in the
atmospheric concentration of ozone precursors and measure the effectiveness of current and future
state and regional ozone precursor control programs. In addition, the data produced by the PAMS
program will be used to enhance ozone modeling capabilities, help fine-tune state emissions
inventories, and provide measurements of toxic organic compounds that have been identified as
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
The PAMS monitoring network is a required monitorng component in ozone non-attainment
areas that are classified as extreme, severe, or serious. In general, there are four different PAMS
sites (Type 1 through Type 4) in each network, each of which serves a different purpose within the
network. The Type I site measures ozone and its precursors upwind of the major metropolitan area
located in the ozone non-attainment area. The Type 2 sites measure ozone and its precursors
immediately downwind of the metropolitan area, and are optimally located to characterize the
complex “fresh” emissions that emanate from the metropolitan area. These sites operate on a more
intensive sampling schedule than other PAMS sites, and are capable of measuring a larger array of
ozone precursors than other PAMS sites. The Type 3 sites are located downwind of the
metropolitan area, in the region of maximum ozone production. These sites generally record higher
concentrations of ozone than upwind or near city PAMS sites. In addition, because the ozone and
its precursor emissions have traveled downwind to these sites, the air masses arriving at these sites
generally carry “aged” precursor emissions. Further downwind are the Type 4 sites, located far
downwind of one or more metropolitan areas. These sites measure ozone precursor chemistry of
extreme long-range ozone transport (to and within New England).
In the Northeast, non-attainment areas lay adjacent to each other, along the eastern seaboard.
The abutting nature of these non-attainment areas and the common ozone and ozone precursor
transport which occurs across non-attainment areas, provide an opportunity to optimize the New
England PAMS network and link it with upwind PAMS sites and research sites to the south and
west. It is anticipated that the New England PAMS network will eventually contain as many as
eighteen (18) PAMS sites. Figure 1 presents the approximate location of existing and recently
deployed PAMS sites in New England.
Most PAMS sites, with some exceptions, measure 56 different hydrocarbons (Table 5,
located at the end of this section) on an hourly basis, twenty-four hours a dayduring the heart of the
summer (June through August). Hydrocarbon measurements are generally made using automated
gas chromatography. At the Type 2 sites, carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones) are measured along with
the hydrocarbon compounds. Composite samples ofcarbonyl are measured every three hours during
the summer. All sites also measure ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and surface meteorological conditions
on an hourly basis. As the PAMS program matures, additional measurements of upper air
meteorological conditions will be made at key locations within New England as part of the PAMS
network. By 1997, two upper air monitoring sites will have been deployed in New England (mid-
coastal Connecticut and western suburbs of Boston).
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Photochemical Assessment
Monitoring Stations
(PAMS)
in New England
1996
New Hampshire/Maine
14 - Brentwood NH (Type 1, establish
15-Kittery, ME (Type 2)
16 - Cape Elizabeth, ME (Type 4)
7 - Acadia NP, ME (Type 4)
Massachusetts
5 - North Easton (Type 1)
6 - Lynn (Type 2)
7 - Newbury (Type 3)
8 - Truro (Type 4)
9 - Agawam (Type 1)
10 - Chicopee (Type 2)
11 - Ware/Quabbin Summit (Type 3)
Connecticut
Rhode Island
12 - East Providence (Type 2)
13 - West Greenwich (Type 1)
1 - Westport(Typel)
2 - East Hartford (Type 2)
3 - Stafford Springs (Type 3)
4 - New Haven (Type 2) (Proposed)
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1993 was the first year PAMS ozone precursor data were collected in New England during
an entire summer. Quality control, and quality assurance (QA/QC) procedures for several PAMS
instruments were under development in 1993, and few sophisticated computerized methods of data
transfer and data troubleshooting were available. The field GCs proved temperamental, producing
data of questionable accuracy. Because of these circumstances, most of the 1993 PAMS
hydrocarbon and carbonyl data have not been entered into any national data base.
The 1994 and 1995 PAMS data have undergone much better QA/QC procedures, although
data management issues and Acts-of-God (lightning strikes and electrical outages caused by storms)
remain problems. In 1994, six PAMS sites operated throughout the summer, and several others
underwent field deployment. In 1995 eight PAMS sites were operational and three additional sites
were undergoing field deployment. The eight operating PAMS sites included: Cape Elizabeth, ME;
Newbury/Plum Island, MA; Lynn, MA; Chicopee, MA; Quabbin Summit/Ware, MA; East
Providence, RI; Stafford Springs, CT; and East Hartford, CT. Sites undergoing field deployment
included: Westport/Sherwood Island, CT; Agawam, MA; and EastonlBorderland, MA. These latter
three sites were deployed as combination Type 1/3 sites (Westport/Sherwood Island, CT and
EastonlBorderland, MA) and a “stand alone” site (Agawam, MA Type I site). The Kittery, ME Type
2 site suffered contamination problems and additional start-up problems that nullified almost all of
the 1995 data. In addition to these sites, the Truro, MA PAMS Type 4 site was deployed and
operational as part of the North American Research Study of Tropospheric Ozone - Northeast
(NARSTO-NE) field study.
In 1996, two additional PAMS sites were deployed in the region. One was located in Acadia
National Park (Type 4 site) and will be the far downwind PAMS site for New England. The other
is the upwind site for Providence, RI; located in West Greenwich, RI. Table 1 presents a list of the
1996 PAMS sites which were operational or near deployed.
Table 1. List of 1996 PAMS sites in New England, deployed and near deployment.
Site Location PAMS Classification Status
Acadia National Park (ME) Type 4 deployed 1996*
Cape Elizabeth (ME) Type3/4 deployed 1994
Kitlery (ME) Type 2 deployed 1995
Newbury/Plumb Island (MA) Type 3 deployed 1994*
Lynn (MA) Type 2 deployed 1993
EastonlBorderland Park (MA) Typel/3 deployed 1995*
Truro (MA) Type 4 deployed 1995
West Greenwich (RI Type I deployed 1996*
East Providence (RI) Type 2 deployed 1993*
Westport/Sherwood Island (CT) Type 1/3 deployed 1996
East Hanford (CT) Type 2 deployed 1993
Stafford Springs (CT) Type 3 deployed l994
Agawam (MA) Type I deployed l995
Chicopee (MA) Type 2 deployed 1993*
Ware/Quabbin Summit (MA) Type 3 deployed 1994
* these sites were deployed late in the PAMS season and data were (will) not available until the following year.
A full assessment of the 1994 through 1996 PAMS data has not been conducted. Such an
assessment is beyond the nature of this report. The 1994 data have been the subject of exploratory
analysis by NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Management) and EPA. The
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following data presentation provides a cursory analysis of the 1995 arid 1996 New England PAMS
data base, exploring different features of the data. An extensive analysis of the 1995 and 1996
PAMS data will be conducted as part of the NARSTO-NE initiative. These analyses should be
available late in 1997.
1995/1 996 PAMS Data
The following presentation provides information on the differences in concentration of
biogenic VOCs, highly reactive VOCs, and toxic VOCs at the New England PAMS sites. In
addition, a preliminary analysis of “aged” and “fresh” VOC emissions (as measured by the auto GCs)
is presented for selected sites.
Chemical Changes in Air Mass
As polluted air moves over New England during the day, many of the compounds undergo
photochemical reactions. The VOCs undergo chemical changes and hence the initial concentrations
of these compounds change during the day. The more highly reactive organic compounds undergo
chemical changes faster than slow reacting VOCs. It is possible to measure the fresimess or aged
characteristic of the air masses that pass over the PAMS sites by comparing the ratios of fast and
slow reacting VOCs. Table 2 presents 1995 and 1996 data for fast and slow reacting VOCs.
Previous studies have shown that toluene, benzene and m,p - xylene ratios can provide useful
measures of “fresh” (local) or “aged”(transported) air masses. M,p - xylene:benzene ratios less than
1 .5 generally indicate an “aged” air mass, and ratios -—-1.5 generally indicate an air mass with
“fresh”emjssions. Likewise, benzene:toluene ratios >0.4 indicate an “aged” air mass, while those
—0.4 indicate “fresh” emissions. In general, subtle year-to-year differences in ratios can be
anticipated in the data because of differences in summer meteorology and emissions patterns.
The New England PAMS sites have been located in up-wind, urban, and downwind
networks. The urban and downwind sites should provide data which help characterize/validate the
fresh emissions or the “aged” nature of the VOCs measured at these sites. The PAMS data presented
below for 1995 and 1996 clearly show that the downwind sites receive “aged” air. This is evident
for the PAMS season (June-August), the peak ozone period of the day (1600-1800 hours), and during
ozone episodes. The data for Chicopee (MA), and to some extent East Hartford (CT), appear to
differ from those of the other Type 2 PAMS sites (Lynn and East Providence). This is expected
given their location within the Connecticut River Valley were south to north air flow is common
during the summer. This air transport delivers “aged” air from the lower part of the valley and
southerly upwind emission sources. Hence, the ratio data indicate that these sites measure “aged”
air during much of the ozone season. The data for the Westport, CT PAMS site suggests that this
site, located downwind of the New York metropolitan area, is influenced by “aged” and “fresh”
emissions. This may be explained by varied transport and stagnation conditions that occur at this
coastal site. Frequently, ozone precursor emissions are carried with prevailing winds along Long
Island Sound from the NYC metropolitan area. During these conditions the air mass appears “aged”.
During other times local build up of ozone precursors, under somewhat stagnant conditions occurs
and the air mass appears “fresh”. It is not uncommon for transported and local precursors to mix.
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Table 2. Measures of “aged” and “fresh” air masses at nine PAMS sites in New England
1400-1 600 hr June - Ozone Episodes (a) - 1995 and
June - August August 1996
Benz:Toluene m,p-Xyl:Be Benz:Tol
Location m,p-Xyl:Benz(b) {çj nz uene m,p-Xyl:Benz Benz:Toluene
1995 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996
Type 2 Sites
E.Hartford 1.5 na 0.33 na na na na na
E.Providence 1.8 1.5 0.26 0.27 1.8 0.31
Chicopee 1.3 1.4 0.24 0.29 1.1 0.36 0.21 (d) 0.48 (d)
Lynn 2.6 1.8 0.25 0.26 1.8 0.26 2.4 (e) 0.23 (e)
Type 3/4 Sites
Stafford Springs 1.1 1.2 0.45 0.46 0.8 0.54 0.06, 0.35 (f) 0.64, 0.53 (f)
Quabbin/Ware 1 0.8 0.4 0.35 0.2 0.52 0.10, 0.10 (g) 0.65, 0.58 (g)
Newbury/Plumb IsI. 1.1 na 0.41 na na na na na
0.54, 0.52,
Cape Elizabeth 1.1 1.1 0.49 0.63 0.8 0.91 <0.0, <0.0, 0.41 (h) 0.43 (h)
0.3, 0.4 (I); 0.6
Westport na 1.4 na 0.36 1.1 0.35 1.3, 1.4 (i); >0.4 (j) (j)
(a) Hours during which the ozone standard (0.12 ppm 03) was exceeded.
(b) m,p-Xylene:Benzene ratios <1.5 indicate an “aged” air mass, ratios —1.5 an indicate “fresh” air mass
(c) Benzene:Toluene ratios >0.4 indicate an “aged” air mass, while ratios —0.4 indicate a “fresh” air mass
(d) June 30, 1995 © 1700 hr
(e) August 1, 1995@l700hr
(f) July 13, 1995 © 1600-1 700 hrs.
(g) August 10, 1995 @ 1600, 1700, 1800 hrs.
(h) August 1, 1995 @ 1500-1 700 hrs.
(i) July 16, 1996 @ 1500-1 600 hr.
( j) August 5, 1996 @1600 hr. ___________ _______
VOCs and Ozone
Previous analyses, conducted on PAMS data in New England and elsewhere, have shown
that about twenty (20) of the measured PAMS VOCs generally account for 85% of the ozone
produced in ambient air. These-compounds and other VOCs are measured by the automated Gcs at
the PAJ’ 4S sites. The table below lists the 20 major VOCs and their concentrations (ppbC) for each
the nine PAMS sites in New England. These data (1995 and 1996) show that for almost all of the
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PAMS sites, whether Cape Elizabeth, Maine or East Providence, Rhode Island, the top five or six
compounds (by concentration) remain virtually the same: ethane, isopentane, propane, toluene, n-
pentane and n-butane (highlighted in bold in Table 3). The inland Type 2 and 3 sites, which are
located near or within urban or rural forests, also show elevated concentrations of isoprene, a
biogenic VOC. By far the highest concentrations of biogenic VOCs are recorded at the inland Type
3 sites(Quabbin Summit, MA and Stafford Springs, CT). During 1995, on particularly hot days,
hourly isoprene concentrations exceeded 50 ppbC and approached 100 ppbC at these sites,
dominating the organic presursors in the air. The cooler summer temperatures in 1996, however,
resulted in lower concentrations of biogenic isoprene.
Table 3. The concentration (ppbC) of twenty ozone precursor VOCs measured at eight PAMS sites
in New England during 1995.
VOC Compound PAMS Sites
Cape E. Newbury Lynn E. Prov. F. Hart Staff. Spr. Ware Chicopee Westport
1995 1996 1995 1996 1995 1996 1995 1996 1995* 1996* 1995 1996 1995 l996 1995 1996 **1995 1996
Ethane 3.0 2.8 3.0 na 4.3 4.3 6.3 5.1 >2.8 na 3.2 3.3 2.7 3.2 4.1 3.7 na 3.7
Isopentane 2.4 2.3 2.2 na 6.4 6.6 7.7 6.1 11.6 na 2.7 2.6 2.3 1.8 9.4 5.7 na 5.2
Propane 2.9 2.5 3.3 na 3.6 3.7 6.2 5.3 5.5 na 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.3 3.9 3.2 na 4.1
Isoprene 1.7 0.8 2.4 na 4.3 3.0 2.7 2.0 2.4 na 5.6 4.4 16.1 7.4 4.5 3.4 na 2.4
Toluene 1.6 0.8 3.2 na 5.3 5.1 7.0 5.2 5.7 na 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 5.7 3.8 na 4.2
n-Butane 1.7 1.3 1.3 na 2.6 2.8 3.7 2.9 2.9 na 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 2.5 2.1 na 2.7
m/p -Xylene 0.7 0.6 1.4 na 2.9 2.4 3.3 2.! 2.4 na 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.6 1.5 na 2.1
n-Pentane 1.0 0.9 6.4 na 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.7 na 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.9 4.1 2.7 na 2.0
Ethylene 0.8 0.7 1.3 na 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.3 0.5 na 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.9 1.! na 0.9
Benzene 0.8 0.5 1.3 na 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.9 na 1.0 JO 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.1 na 1.5
Acetylene 1.0 0.4 0.5 na 1.8 1.7 2.5 1.9 1.7 na 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 na 1.2
2,2,4_TriMP*** 0.6 0.3 1.4 na 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 na 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.3 1.3 na 1.7
Isobutane 0.7 0.6 0.8 na 1.1 1.3 2.4 1.9 L5 na 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.3 1.1 na 1.5
1,2,3 TriMB**** 0.6 0.3 <0.7 na 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.9 na 0.8 0.3 <0.7 0.4 1.0 0.5 na 0.8
2-Methylpentane 0.6 0.6 1.2 na 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.3 - na 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.6 1.2 na 0.9
Propylene 0.5 0.5 0.9 na 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 3.4 na 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 na 0.9
1,2,4 TriMB***** 0.2 0.1 1.6(a) na 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 na 0.5 0.5 - 0.1 0.9 0.7 na 0.5
n -Hexane 0.5 0.3 1.3(b) na 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.3 na 0.8 04 0.6 0.4 1.7 1.1 na 1.0
o-Xylene 0.2 0.2 0.9 na 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.2 na 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.7 na 0.8
p-Ethylto luene 0.5 <0.1 1.2(a) na 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 na 0.5 0.3 <0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2 na 0.9
Sum of VOCs 22 17 32 na 52 46 60 47 49 na 29 27 36 23 50 36 na 39
* local contamination problems invalidated July 1995 data. Site redeployed in 1996.
** includes June and July 1996 data.
• * 2,2,4 - Trimethylpentane
** 1,2,3 - Trimenthybenzene
***** 1,2,4 - Trimethylbenzene
(a) GC restart caused elevated concentrations (31 hours eliminated from data used in this table).
(b) <600 hrs of data.
Hazardous Air Pollutants and Urban Air Toxic Compounds
Table 4 presents the hourly average concentrations (ppbC) of hazardous organic air pollutants
measured at PAMS sites for three summer months of 1996. For consistency with the other data
presented in this section, the data are presented as parts per billion carbon (ppbC). It is clear that the
Type 2 sites, located within urban areas, measure atmosphere more rich in hazardous organic air
pollutants than the Type 3/4 sites. Toluene, 1,2,4- trimenthybenzene, benzene, mlp - xylene, and 2,2,4 -
trimethylpentane head the list of these hydrocarbons. Of the carbonyls, formaldehyde, is the most
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prevalent. This is due to the fact that formaldehyde is both directly emitted to the atmosphere from
industrial activities and mobile sources (a source of many toxic air pollutants), and is one of the most
common chemical reaction products of VOC photochemistry. It is important to note that all of the sites,
no matter how remote, record low to moderate levels of these pollutants.
Table 4. The average summer (June - August) concentration (ppbC) and 24hr average concentration
(ppbC - within parenthesis) often toxic organic compounds (TOC) measured at the nine New England
PAMS sites during 1996.
PAMS Sites
TOC Cape E. Newbury Lvrm E. Prov. E. Hart.’ Stafli Spr. Ware Chicopee (a) Westport
FonnaIdehyd na na 3.2 (7.8) 2.8 (5.3) na na na 4.7 (10,0) 2.4 (4.4)
Acetaldehyde” na na 1.1 (2.5) 1.0(1.7) na na na 1.2(3.4) 1.6 (2.9)
Toluenc 08(35) na 5.1 (12.0) 5.2 (13.7) na 2.2 (5.8) 1.7 (5.3) 38(9.5) 4.2 (10.0)
m.p-Xy lene 0.6 (5.4 na 24(5.1) 2.1 (4.4) na 1.2 (2.2) 0.5 (2.2) 1.5 (3.2) 2.1 (4.9)
Bcnzene 0.5 (1.4) na 1.3 (3.3) 1.4 (2.6) na 1.0(1.9) 0.6 (1.4) I.! (2.2) 1.5 (3.0)
Propy lene” 0.5 (0.9) na 0.9(2.0) 0.8 (2.5) na 0.4(1.2) 0.3 (0.7) 0.4 (0.9) 0.9 (2.5)
l,2 4-TriMB 0,1 (09) na 0,7 (2.2) 0.7 (1.6) na 1.1 (3.7) 0.1 (0.3) 0.7 (1.7) 0.5 (1.5)
o-Xy lene 0.2 (2.1) na 0.9 (2.0) 0.8 (1.7) na 0.5 (1.2) 0.2 (0.3) 0.7 (3.7) 0.8 (1.9)
p - Ethyltoluene 00 na 0,4 (1.1) - na 0.3 (1.2) 0.3 (0.6) 0.2 (0.4) 0.9 (1.9)
2,2.4-TriMP 05(1.9) na 1,6(4.7) 1.3 (3.3) na 0.7 (1.7) 0.4 (1.3) 1.3 (3.1) 1.7 (7.0)
* no carbonyl data were collected due to site redeployment.
“carbonyl data are generally available for the PAMS Type 2 sites only.
compound measured by the Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program.
(a) data for June and July.
PAMS Measurements
The PAMS program measures a host of compounds. Table 5 provides a list of the measurements
made at PAMS sites. Many of these compounds are toxic, most others contribute to the generation and
accumulation of ozone. In addition, many of the measured compounds contribute to the formation of
complex organic aerosols and fine particulate matter (PMf), which will become the focus of additional
national, regional, and local (integrated) air pollution controls over the next decade. Changes in organic
aerosol precursors will undoubtedly provide very useful measures of the effectiveness of future fine
particle control programs.
Table 5. Reported hydrocarbon, carbonyl, and other aerometric measurements at PAMS sites in New
England.
Hydrocarbon Compounds
Ethane cis-2-Butene 2. 2-Dimethylbutane
Ethylene 3-Methyl-I -Butene
Acetylene Isopentane
Propylene I -Pentene
Propane n-Pentane
Isobutane - Isoprene
I -Butene trans-2-Pentene
n-Butane cis-2-Pentene
trans-2-Butene 2-Methyl-2-Butene
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Cyclopentene Ethylbenzene
2,3-Dimethylbutane m,p-Xylene
2-Methylpentane Styrene
3-Methylpentane o-Xylene
2-Methyl-I -Pentene n-Nonane
n-Hexane Isopropylbenzene
trans-2-Hexene n-Propylbenzene
Methylcyclopentane m-Ethyltoluene
2,4-Dimethylpentane p-Ethylbenzene
Benzene 1 ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Cyclohexane o-Ethylbenzene
2-Methylhexane 1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane m-Diethylbenzene
n-Heptane p-Diethylbenzene
Methylcyclohexane n-Decane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane n-Undecane
Toluene TNMOC (HC)
2-Methylheptane
3-Methy lheptane
n-Octane
Carbonyl Compounds
Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Acetone
Inorganic Gases
Ozone NO. N02. NOx, NOy
Meteorological Measurements
Wind Speed Wind Direction Solar Radiation
Ultraviolet Radiation Barometric Pressure Humidity
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10 National
Acid Precipitation
Monitor Sites
In New England*
"raro Cape Cod
'alionaJ Park
1981
* National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network
-------
Atmospheric Deposition
Atmospheric deposition is composed of both wet and dry deposition. It includes acidic
deposition, deposition of toxic compounds and toxic trace elements, and the deposition of non-toxic
compounds including nutrients. Atmospheric deposition occurs throughout the year, although
weather patterns alter the seasonal amount and type of deposition.
Of all the components of atmospheric deposition, acid rain is probably the most commonly
known in New England. In this section most of the discussion will focus on acid rain, or acidic
precipitation, which includes acid rain and snow, acidic fog and ice. In addition to the discussion
on acid rain, there will be brief reports on dry deposition in New England and deposition of toxic
trace elements and toxic compound deposition.
Acid Precipitation
There are ten (10) acid precipitation monitoring stations in New England. These sites have
measured acid rain and acid snow on a weekly basis (Tuesday to Tuesday) since the early 1980’s.
The longest continuous acid precipitation monitoring record in the United States is from a site
located in New Hampshire, the Hubbard Brook site, which was established in 1978. This site and
the other nine New England sites are a part of a national network of 200+ sites that compose the
National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). The NADP
was established in 1978 to provide a national network of sites to monitor trends in the chemistry of
wet and dry deposition throughout the United States. The NADP merged with the National Trends
Network in the early 1980’s to form the NADP/NTN. The current national network is operated and
maintained by a consortium of federal arid state agencies, private industry, and universities.
The New England map presented in Figure 1 depicts the approximate location of the 10
NADP/NTN sites in the region. The sites are equipped with a Belford 5-780 Universal Rain Gage,
and an Aerochem Metrics Wet/Dry Precipitation Collector. Most sites are located well inland, with
the exception of the Waltham/Boston, Cape Cod National Seashore, and Acadia National Park
monitoring sites, which are locate near the coast. Seasonal and annual differences in weather
patterns influence precipitation and chemical deposition patterns at the inland and coastal sites.
Differences in the annual and seasonal amount of precipitation measured at the seven New England
sites, over the past sixteen years are presented in Figures 2a and 2b.
The data presented in Figures 2a and 2b indicate that the amount of precipitation and seasonal
pattern of precipitation changes over time and by site. These patterns influence the concentration
and deposition of pollutants in precipitation. Inland sites generally record the most precipitation
during the sun-imer (and fall), and the least precipitation during the winter. Coastal sites (Cape Cod
National Seashore, Acadia National Park, and Waltham/Boston), on the other hand, generally record
more precipitation during the spring. This is clearly evident during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s.
Over the past 16 years, the precipitation data collected at the New England NADP sites
suggest two multi-year intervals with enhanced precipitation. Two-year (paired) averaged data are
presented in Figure 3. These data show enhanced precipitation in New England during the early
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c
.2
IS
+-i
!§•
"o
Figure 2a. Changes in the amount of precipitation (cm)
recorded during the spring at three coastal NADP/NTN sites
(bold line) and four inland sites in New England (1979-1996).
Year
£
o
c
.2
15
*<
[5.
£
ol
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 2b. Changes in the amount of precipitation (cm)
recorded during the summer at three coastal NADP/NTN
sites (bold line) and four inland NADP/NTN sites in New
England (1979-1996).
Year
90
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c
o
Vi-i
03
O
O
Figure 3. Average amount of precipitation (cm)
recorded for paired years from ten (10) NADP/NTN
monitoring sites in New England (1979-1996).
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Paired Years
re
.c
"ra
c
o
*3
tn
o
a
Figure 4. Average composite suifate deposition
(kg/ha) for ten New England NADP/NTN precipitation
monitoring sites (1997-1996).
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Year
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1980’s and again during the early 1990’s. Less precipitation fell during the period 1985-1988.
Precipitation Chemistry
Almost all forms of precipitation are efficient scavengers of pollution in the atmosphere.
Hence, the chemistry of precipitation reflects changes in the level of air pollutants in the atmosphere
and can be used to provide evidence of trends in air pollution. The NADP/NTN sites in New
England provide a unique view of changes in concentration of pollutants in precipitation that falls
on New England, in particular, acid rain.
Precipitation has complex chemistry. Both beneficial and harmful pollutants are present.
Acid precipitation illustrates this. In general, the dilute chemical constituents of acid precipitation
are composed of beneficial plant and soil nutrients and harmful acids, principally sulfuric and nitric
acids. Nitrates play several roles; they contribute to the acidity of the precipitation and to freshwater
acidification, and they can be a plant nutrient. As a plant nutrient they are important to New England
forests, but enhance the eutrophication of some New England coastal marine environments,
including Long Island Sound and Casco Bay.
The following anions and cations are measured from precipitation samples sent to the
NADPINTN central analytical laboratory:
anions cations
Sulfate (S04) Hydrogen (H)
Nitrate (N03) Calcium (Ca)
Orthophosphate (P04) Magnesium (Mg)
Chloride (Cl) Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Ammonium (NH4)
In addition to the anions and cations, the conductance of each sample (a secondary measure of ionic
strength) is also measured. Precipitation samples from all of the NADP/NTN collectors are shipped
every Tuesday to the Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL) at the Illinois State Water Survey for
analysis.
Spatial and Temporal Chemistry of Precipitation
Both concentration and deposition of beneficial and harmful constituents of precipitation are
environmentally important. In this section, the yearly deposition patterns (kg/ha) of key chemical
components of precipitation are presented for the 1979-1996 period. These include sulfate, nitrate,
chloride, and potassium ions.
Figure 4 presents the average composite yearly deposition of sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides
for the ten NADPINTN sites in New England. Nitrate deposition, in New England, shows no
significant long-term increase or decrease in deposition over the period of record. The decrease in
the 1987-1988 may be attributed to lower precipitation. Sulfate deposition, on the other hand,
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significantly drops during the early 1980’s and again during the 1990’s. The decreased deposition
during the 1987-1988 period is attributed to reduced precipitation. However the long-term trend,
and the most recent declines in sulfate deposition cannot be attributed to changes in annual
precipitation.
The final series of figures provide sub-regional views of changes in precipitation chemistry
over the past 17 years. Coastal and inland sites show different patterns of deposition, over the years.
Chloride and potassium enrichment is evident at the coastal sites, indicative of precipitation that has
been influenced by sea spray. This enrichment is especially evident during 1983 and 1984 (Figure
5a and 5b). Inland sites, on the other hand do not show similar patterns of chloride or potassium
enrichment. Sulfate, which is also a major constituent of seawater, is also enriched at coastal sites,
as noted at the Acadia NP site in Maine (Figure 6a). The Acadia site also records generally higher
deposition of nitrates than the other Maine sites (Figure 7a). This is unexpected, since this site is
located far from major point and mobile emission sources of nitrogen oxides in New England, and
ocean spray does not contain significant concentrations of nitrate.
The final set of figures indicates a south to north and west to east gradient of sulfate and
nitrate deposition (except in those instances where sea spray enhances sulfate deposition). As
expected the highest deposition of sulfate generally occurs west of Maine (Figures 6a-6c). The
highest nitrate deposition occurs at the New Hampshire, Vermont, and Quabbin Reservoir-
Massachusetts monitoring sites (Figures 7b and 7c).
The most recent data for 1994 through 1996 show no marked systematic trend of pollutants
in precipitation for the New England sites. Sulfate deposition in 1995 showed a marked decline at
every monitoring site except Acadia NP in Maine. The average 1995 sulfate deposition in New
England was the lowest ever recorded during the 17 years of sulfate deposition monitoring. The
1996 data indicate that sulfate deposition increased in eight of the ten sites. Nonetheless, sulfate
levels in 1996 were —16% below historical averages (1979-1995). Similar increases occur for nitrate
at most sites. Nitrate deposition during 1996 was virtually the same (—5%) as the historical average
(1979-1995).
The year to year variation that is recorded at the NADP sites can be attributed to differences
in precipitation and prevailing wind patterns, as well as emission sources. It is characteristic of
precipitation data and should be viewed as normal. Therefore, trends in pollutant deposition within
New England, whether due to long-term changes in pollutants emitted to the atmosphere or trends
in climate, will be evident only after many years.
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Figute 5a. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of potassium measured at
two coastal precipitation monitoring sites (bold lines) and
four representative inland precipitation monitoring sites in
New England (1979-1996).
A-
Year
Figure 5b. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of chloride measured at
two coastal precipitation monitoring sites (bold lines) and
four representative inland precipitation monitoring sites in
New England (1979-1996).
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Figure 6a. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of sulfate measured at the Acadia NP
(bold line), Greenville (dotted line), Caribou (solid line), and Bridgton
(dashed line), NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in Maine (1979-
1996).
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Figure 6b. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of sulfate measured at the Hubbard
Brook-NH (bold line), Underhill-VT (dotted line), and Bennington-VT
NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in Northern New England (1979-
1996).
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Figure 6c. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of sulfate measured at the Truro-CCNS
(bold line), Waltham (dotted line), and Quabbin Reservoir (solid line)
NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in Massachusetts (1979-1996).
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Figure 7a. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of nitrate measured at the Acadia NP
(bold line), Greenville (dotted line), Caribou (solid line), and Bridgton
(dashed line) NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in Maine (1979-
1996).
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Figure 7b. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of nitrate measured at the Hubbard
Brook-NH (bold line), Underhill-VT (dotted line), and Bennington-VT (solid
line) NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in Northern New England
(1979-1996).
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Figure 7c. Wet deposition (kg/ha) of nitrate measured at the Truro-CCNS
(bold line), Waltham (dashed line), and Quabbin Reservoir (solid line)
NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in Massachusetts (1997-1996).
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Ultraviolet Radiation
Solar radiation, which is emitted naturally by the sun during magnetic and plasma eruptions
and thermonuclear reactions, crosses the void of space and strikes the surface or atmosphere of the
planets of the solar system. Planets that do not have a substantial atmosphere are directly struck by
a wide spectra of solar radiation, uncluding ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Planets such as the earth,
which are veiled by a thick atmosphere, are provided some measure of protection from direct solar
radiation, including UV radiation. Under natural conditions the thickness of the earth's stratospheric
ozone layer, which attenuates UV radiation, varies directly with the strength of solar magnetic
activity, and hence solar radiation striking the atmosphere. The thickness of the eath's ozone layer
is greatest when solar magnetic activity and solar radiation is highest, that is during peak sun spot
periods. The sun spot cycle reaches maximum activity about every 11 years, at which time emissions
of solar radiation peaks and the thickness of stratospheric ozone is greatest. Reduced solar activity,
on the other hand, results in a thinner stratospheric ozone layer and a greater potential penetration
of solar radiation such as UV radiation. Figure 1 presents the sunspot cycle over the past fifty years.
The most number of sunspots ever recorded occurred in 1957. Currently, sunspot activitiy is at its
low part of the 11 year cycle.
Figure 1. Annual number of sunspots recorded at astronomical observatories
(1946-1995).
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Increased ultraviolet radiation (UV), particularly radiation near 280-315 nanometers (UV-B
radiation - 280 - 320 nanometers), can pose significant health and environmental concerns. During
the 1970's concerns were raised about increasing levels of air pollution in the stratosphere, that could
result in a reduction in the production and accumulation of stratospheric ozone which attenuates UV
radiation reaching the earth's surface. During the late 1970's and early 1980's additional air pollution
threats (chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds) to the earth's stratospheric ozone layer
were identified and international action was taken during the 1990's to reduce the global emissions
of air pollutants that caused stratospheric ozone depletion.
UV radiation plays an important role in summertime tropospheric (lower atmosphere) ozone
formation, and is useful in determining the potential formation of ozone for a given day.
Measurements of ultraviolet radiation are made at PAMS and other research monitoring sites in New
England. The following figures are from UV data recorded at the Cape Elizabeth, ME PAMS site.
UV-b radiation follows a seasonal pattern similar to total solar radiation. Ultraviolet radiation
is most intense during the period of late March through mid September, as depicted in Figure 2 The
maximum hourly intensity occurs when the sun is highest overhead, sometime between 11 am and
2 pm (Figure 3). Cloudy or hazy conditions tend to attenuate UV-b, but do not completely block
UV-b penetration to the surface.
Figure 2. Maximum hourly UVb radiation (watts/sq. meter) recorded for each
month at the Cape Elizabeth PAMS site in Southern Maine (1995 and 1996).
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Figure 3. Changes in hourly UVb (watts/ sq. meter) recorded at the Cape
Elizabeth, ME PAMS site (July 7,1996),
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AIRS-AQ REGIONAL CONTACTS
Region I: Ms. Wendy McDougall
EPA, Region I
60 Westview Street
Lexington, MA 02173
(617) 860-4323
Connecticut: Mr. Victor Yanosy
Department of Environmental Protection
Air Monitoring Section
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(860) 424-3524
Maine: Mr. Leighton Carver
Department of Environmental Protection
State House Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 287-2437
Massachusetts: Mr. John Lane
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Air Quality Control
Lawrence Experiment Station
37 Shattuck Street
Lawrence, MA 01843
(508) 975-1138
New Hampshire: Mr. Paul Sanborn
Department of Environmental Services
Air Resources Division
64 N. Main Street
Concord, NH 03302-2033
(603) 271-1387
Rhode Island: Mr. John Cucco
Rhode Island Department of Health
Air Pollution Laboratory
Health Laboratory Building
50 Orms Street
Providence, RI 02904
(401) 274-1011
Vermont: Mr. George Apgar
Air Pollution Control Division
Agency of Environmental Conservation
103 S. Main St., Bldg. 3 South
Waterbury, VT 05676
(802) 241-3842
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