1998 Report
on Air
Qua! ity
in New England
United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1
Office Environmental Measurement and Evaluation
Lexington, MA 02421
July
1999
Ecosystem Assessment Unit
-------
This document was prepared by:
The Ecosystems Assessment Branch
And
Ale sha Hughes
Jim Fritz, (Signal Corp.)
Gladys Novoa, (Signal Corp.)
Further inquiries may be directed to:
Wendy McDougall
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region I, OEME
60 Westview Street
Lexington, MA 02421
The photograph on the Cover was taken
by Wendy McDougall
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iNTRODUCTION I
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 2
1998 SUMMARY OF NEW ENGLAND NAMS/SLAMS (TABLE I) 3
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS 4
NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATING NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (TABLE 2).... 5
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA INCLUDING STATIONS THAT EXCEED
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, WITH 10 YEAR TRENDS (TABLE 3). 7
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN TABLE 3 6
1998 PRECISION AND ACCURACY DATA (TABLE 4). 74
REGION 11998 PERFORMANCE AUDIT PROGRAM 75
REGION I NONATFA1NMENT AREAS (MAP 1) 76
PHOTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT MONITORING STATIONS 77
ACID RAIN PROGRAM 86
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION 95
MERCURY PROGRAM 98
STATE AND REGIONAL AIRS CONTACTS 102
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1998 ANNUAL REPORT ON AIR QUALITY
IN NEW ENGLAND
This report represents 1998 annual air quality information for all states in New England. The
majority of the data included in this report were submitted to EPA by the states from their ambient
monitoring networks in accordance with 40 CFR 58 . The only data from industrial monitors which have
been included are from the Massachusetts Industrial Network, EPA-required networks in New Hampshire
and Maine’s licensing program which supplements the state network.
This report is intended to list potential nonattainment areas for planning purposes. The majority of
data used have been evaluated and verified by EPA; however, for the areas listed as nonattainment, the data
may require further evaluation by both EPA and the states. This report reflects the status of the AIRS
database as of June 1999.
Table 1 is a summary of the status of the National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) and the
State/Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) submitting data to Region I. This table lists the number of
sites operating, the required number of sites, the number of sites reporting precision and accuracy data, and
the number of sites not meeting EPA minimum data capture requirements. Following Table I is a list of
health effects of the criteria pollutants.
Table 2 shows the number of stations violating the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) and the total number of stations reporting data in 1998.
Table 3 lists, by state, a summary of criteria pollutant data from sites in each state in New England,
and from industrial sites in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Maine. The information presented
compares the measured values to each NAAQS; it includes the number of violations, the maximum and
second high values, and the annual means (arithmetic mean or average for SO 2 , PM 10 and NO 2 ). An annual
mean is not valid for intermittent data unless there are four valid quarters. For PM 10 , 75% of the scheduled
samples must be available for a quarter to be considered valid. For continuous data, 75% of the year must
be available to calculate a valid annual average.
Included with Table 3, are graphs of selected air quality monitoring sites that show a ten-year span
of data for PM 10 , CO. SO 2 , and NO 2 . A graph of the number of days ozone exceeded the standard during the
last five years is used. A discussion of the compliance status for each pollutant is located in the front of the
individual state sections. In addition, state maps are included which display pollutant levels and the location
of monitoring sites.
Table 4 lists the precision and accuracy data submitted by the six New England states. The 95%
probability limit for six criteria pollutants are given as a network average for each state.
The following page lists the results from the Region I audit program for 03, CO and Particulates.
The results presented on a state-by-state basis give the number of satisfactory, marginal, and unsatisfactory
audits.
Map 1 consists of three maps of the nonattainment areas in New England. These include the last
reported violation and the attainment and unclassified areas in which there were recent violations of the
NAAQS.
The next section contains a description of the Region I Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
Stations and program, followed by a description of the Acid Rain Program. These sections are followed by
a section on Ultraviolet Radiation and a section on the Mercury Program.
Appendix A is a list of AIRS state and regional Air Quality Contacts, their addresses and phone
numbers.
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NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
For Criteria Pollutants
Pollutant Averaging Time Primary Standardsb Secondary Standardsc
SO, Annual Arithmetic Mean 80 uglm 3 (0.03 ppm)
24 hours 365 ug/m 3 (0.14 ppm)
3 hours 1300 ug/m 3 (0.5 ppm)
Prnfine Annual (3-year average) 15.0 ug/m 3 Same as Primary
24 hours 3-year average of 98 th Same as Primary
percentile values 65 ug/m 3
PM 1 Odr Annual Arithmetic Mean 50 ug/m 3 Same as Primary
24 hours 150 ug/m 3 Same as Primary
CO 8 hours 9 ppm Same as Primary
1 hour 35 ppm Same as Primary
O3e 1 hour 0.125 ppm Same as Primary
8 hour 0.08 ppm Same as Primary
NO., Annual Arithmetic (0.05 ppm) Same as Primary
Mean 100 ug/m 3
Pb Calendar Quarter 1.5 uglm 3 Same as Primary
Arithmetic Mean
a National standards, other than those based on annual arithmetic means, are not to be exceeded more than
once a year.
b National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary. with an adequate margin of safety, to
protect the public health.
National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any
known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant.
PM 0 replaced TSP as the ambient particulate standard effective July 31, 1987. and includes only those
particles with an aerodynamic diameter of < a nominal 10 microns. Expected number of exceedances shall
not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined by Appendix K and N of 4OCFR Part 50.
C 1-Hour: Expected number of exceedance days shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as
determined by Appendix H of 4OCFR Part 50.
8-Hour: The standards are met at an ambient air quality site when the average of the annual fourth-highest
daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration is less than or equal to 0.08 ppm as determined by
Appendix I of 4OCRF 50. Both standards (1 and 8 hour) apply until the first standard (1 hour) is met. after
which, only the 8 hour standard will apply.
Measurements of PM1O and PM25 for purposes of comparison to the standards shall be reported based on
actual ambient temperature and pressure at the monitoring site during the measurement period.
Appendix N of 40 CFR Part 50 gives the specific procedures for determining whether the PM2.5 Primary
and Secondar Annual and 24 Hour Standards are attained.
2
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TABLE 1
1998 SUMMARY OF NEW ENGLAND NAMS/SLAMS
CT ME MA NH RI VT TOTALS
NAMS - National Air Monitoring Stations
Number of NAMS Designated
Monitors 19 4 26 3 6 2 60
Monitors NOT meet-
ing EPA’s minimum
data capture
reguirementsb 0 1 4 1 2 0 8
Ave. completeness
all NAMS monitors 96% 94% 92% 83% 91% 95% 92%
SLAMS - State/Local Air Monitoring Stations
Number of SLAMS Designated
Monitors 28 19 24 36 5 11 125
Monitors NOT meet-
ing EPA ’s minimum
data capture
requirements t ’ 1 3 4 12 2 1 37
Ave. completeness
all SLAMS monitors 91% 82% 87% 85% 90% 85% 87%
b Adjusted for seasonal monitoring and site start-ups and terminations
3
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Health Effects of Criteria Pollutants
Lead (Pb)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Lead causes retardation and brain damage, especially
in children. Lead also causes liver disease, interferes
with blood formation, the nervous system and the
renal system and can affect the normal functions of the
reproduction and cardiovascular systems. The sources
of lead pollution are motor-vehicle exhaust, lead
smelters and battery manufacturing plants.
Carbon Monoxide acts in the bloodstream to deprive
the heart and brain of oxygen. It impairs the ability of
the blood to carry oxygen, and affects the
cardiovascular, nervous, and pulmonary systems.
Moderate concentrations significantly reduce brain
functions, and can cause angina. Carbon Monoxide is
caused by the incomplete combustion of carbon, which
occurs in motor-vehicles, and some industrial
processes.
Ozone (03)
Sulfur Dioxide (SQ 1 )
Respiratory tract problems such as difficult breathing
and reduced lung function may be caused by high
ozone levels. Ozone also causes asthma, eye
irritation, nasal congestion, reduced resistance to
infection and premature aging of lung tissue. It
injures vegetation, and has adverse effects on
materials. Ozone is generally highest on sultry
summer afternoons. Ozone is formed in the
atmosphere by the reaction of nitrogen oxides, and
hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight.
Nitrogen Oxides (NO,)
The health effects of this pollutant include respiratory
illness, lung damage,and increased airway resistance.
It may make one more susceptible to respiratory
infection. Nitrogen oxides can cause edema (in
concentrations of l0ppm for 8 hours); concentrations
of 20-30 ppm for 8 hours can produce fatal lung
damage. NO also reacts with hydrocarbons to form
photochemical oxidants. The sources of nitrogen
oxides are: Motor-vehicle exhaust, heat and power
generation, nitric acid, explosives, fertilizer plants,
and combustion of fuels.
This pollutant causes respiratory tract problems, eye
irritation, and permanent harm to lung tissue. It
combines with water to form acid aerosols and sulfuric
acid mist which falls to earth as acid rain, causing
plant and structural damage, and acidifying bodies of
water. Sources of sulfur dioxide include heat and
power generation facilities, combustion processes that
use oil or coal containing sulfur, sulfuric acid plants,
petroleum refineries and smelters of sulfur-containing
ore.
Particulate Matter (PM 10 and PM 25 )
This pollutant causes eye and throat irritation,
bronchitis, lung damage, and impaired visibility. It
soils materials, causes corrosion, and acts as a carrier
of toxics adsorbed or absorbed in it. Motor vehicle
exhaust, industrial processes, incinerators, heat and
power generation, steel mills, smelters, demolition,
wood burning stoves, fugitive dust, and plants are
sources of suspended particulate matter.
4
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TABLE 2
NUMBER OF STATIONS VIOLATII’4G
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
1998
Standard CT ME MA NH RI VT
Annual Primary 0.03 ppm 0/7 0/9 0/15 0/11 0/2 0/2
24-hour Primary* 0.14 ppm 0/7 0/9 0/15 0/11 0/2 0/2
3-hour Secondary* 0.5 ppm 0/7 0/9 0/15 0/11 0/2 0/2
M 10
Annual Primary 50 ug/m 3 0/20 0/20 0/16 0/13 0/4 0/4
24-hour Primary** 150 ug/m 3 0/20 0/20 0/16 0/13 0/4 0/4
CO
8-hour Primary* 9 ppm 0/5 — 0/9 0/2 0/2 0/2
1-hour Primary* 35 ppm 0/5 --- 0/9 0/2 0/2 0/2
1-hour Primary*** 0.12 ppm 7/11 5/12 3/16 0/12 0/3 0/2
Annual Primary 0.05 ppm 0/4 0/2 0/13 0/3 0/3 0/2
Pb
Quarterly Mean 1.5 ug/m 3 —-
* Unless the second highest average exceeds the NAAQS, there is no violation.
** Expected number of exceedances shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined by
Appendix K of 4OCFR Part 50.
*** Expected number of exceedance days shall not be more than one per year (3 year average) as determined by
Appendix H of 4OCFR Part 50.
x/y - x is the number of stations in violation.
y is the total number of stations.
—- This pollutant is not monitored in the state.
Pmfine - Monitoring began at the end of the year, insufficient data for calculations.
5
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Table 3
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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED iN TABLE 3
Monitor type (1=NAMS,
2=SLAMS, 3=Other,
4=Industrial, 6,7,8=PAMS
0=Unknown, C=Non EPA
Federal)
Year
REP ORG Reporting Organization
OBS > 35 Number of observations greater
than 35 ppm for Co
MAX 8-HR: 1ST Highest 8-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 8-hour
value recorded in the year
OBS > 9 Number of 8-hour ave. greater
than 9 ppm for CO
OBS > 365 Number of 24-hour ave. greater
than 365 ug/m 3 for SO 2
#OBS
MAX 24-LIR:
Number of Observations
1ST Highest 24-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 24-hour
value for the year
3RD Third highest 24-hour
value for the year.
4TH Fourth highest 24-hour
value for the year.
MAX 3-HR:
Obs> 1300
NUM MEAS
1ST Highest 3-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 3-hour
value recorded in the year
Number of 3-hour ave. greater
than 1300 ug/m 3 for SO,
The valid number of days
measured
ARITH MEAN Arithmetic mean
NUM REQ
The valid number of days in the
ozone season
WTD ARITH MEAN Weighted arithmetic mean
GEO MEAN Geometric mean
GEO 5Th Geometric standard deviation
QUARTERLY ARJTH MEANS:
First quarter arithmetic mean
Second quarter arithmetic mean
Third quarter arithmetic mean
Fourth quarter arithmetic mean
MEANS> 1.5 Number of quarterly means
greater than 1.5 ug/m 3 for lead
NUM OBS Number of Observations
SCHEDULED NUM OBS
Number of observations scheduled
% OBS Percent completed of number of
observations scheduled
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM:
Maximum hourly values for
1ST the highest day
2ND the second highest day
3RD the third highest day
4TH the fourth highest day
MAX VALUES: 1ST Highest 24-hour value
recorded for the year
2ND Second highest 24-hour
value recorded for the year.
VALS> .125:
MEAS Number of measured
daily maximum 0.125 ppm
EST Number of expected
violations
MET.H Method
MAX 1-KR: 1ST Highest 1-hour value
recorded in the year
2ND Second highest 1-hour
value recorded in the year
MISS DAYS ASSUMED < STANDARD
Number of missing days assumed
to be less than the standard
THE DATA IN TABLE 3 CONSISTS OF BOTH
STATE AND PRIVATE NETWORKS.
SiTE I]) Site Identification number
POC Parameter Occurrence Code -
differentiates between monitors for
a given pollutant
MT
YR
1ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
6
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1998 NEW ENGLAND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SUMMARY
Overall air quality in New England in 1998 was similar to 1997 except for ozone. The
summer of 1998 was a wetter summer than the drier and hotter summer of 1997 and
thus, observed ozone concentrations were much lower. Continued reductions in ozone
precursor emissions throughout 1998 were major factors in further mitigating these
observed concentrations of ozone. In 1998 twelve ozone monitoring sites recorded one
or more days over the 1-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for
ozone. For comparison the number of ozone monitoring stations recording one or
more days over the 1-hour standard was twenty in 1995, seven in 1996 (another cool
wet summer) and twenty-five in 1997. For the 8-hour ozone standard twenty-six
stations reported a fourth high day equal to or above 85 parts per billion (ppb) in 1998
versus thirty-five stations in 1997. Ambient concentrations for the other criteria
pollutants continued to be below National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs).
No site in New England reporting data for any criteria air pollutant other than ozone
above the NAAQSs.
7
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CONNECTICUT SUMMARY
There are five carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring sites in CT. In 1998 the Hartford
Courthouse site recorded a maximum 8-hour concentration of 7.9 ppm (88% of the
NAAQS). This reverses a downward trend in Hartford where the maximum 1997 8-hour
concentration was 6.1 ppm, the 1996 maximum was 9.1 ppm and the 1995 maximum
was 10.1 ppm. The CO five-year trend graph shows that all of the other sites are well
below the standards and are relatively stable.
At the end of 1996, Lead (Pb) monitoring in CT was discontinued at all sites, but
Waterbury. There have been no exceedances or violations of the quarterly lead (Pb)
NAAQS at any site in CT for many years. In 1998 the Waterbury site reported a
maximum quarterly average of 0.02 ug/m 3 or 1.3% of the NAAQS.
None of the four sites that monitored for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in 1998 experienced
any violations of the NAAQS. New Haven reported values of 54% of the NAAQS. The
photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) in Stafford and Westport
operate during the summer season and had a seasonal arithmetic means of 14% and
36% of the NAAQS. The PAMS site in East Hartford operated for the year and had an
annual mean of 40% of the NAAQS. The five-year trend graph shows that the NO 2
levels for these sites have been constant with only small year to year fluctuations.
In 1998 seven of eleven ozone (03) sites in CT had violations of the 1-hour NAAQS. In
1997 eleven sites reported ozone concentrations above this NAAQS, while in 1996 only
five sites reported levels of this magnitude. In 1995 eleven sites reported exceedances
or violations to the 1-hour NAAQS. This observed decrease in ozone levels was due in
part to the cooler, wetter summers of 1998 and 1996. Stratford reported the highest 1-
hour second maximum value of 0.132 ppm or 110% of the NAAQS. The five-year
trend line for 1-hour values shows a large fluctuations in the number of days above the
NAAQS. For the 8-hour ozone standard in 1998, eight of the eleven 03 sites reported
a fourth high day of at least 85 ppb. The maximum 8-hour average in 1998 was in
Stafford at 0.118 ppm. In 1997 the sitewith the maximum 8-hour average of 0.151
ppm was Madison. In 1996 Madison only had a maximum of 0.107 ppm ozone.
None of the sites collecting particulate matter of less than 10 microns diameter (PM 10 )
in CT had any exceedances or violations of the annual or 24-hour standards in 1998.
Two New Haven sites reported the highest 24-hour second maximum values of 71
ug/m 3 or 47% of the NAAQS. The Norwalk site had annual arithmetic mean of 56% of
the NAAQS. The five-year trend graphs show no discernable trends for PM 10 .
There were no exceedances or violations of the annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour SO 2
NkAQSs. The highest annual arithmetic mean was reported at Bridgeport at 7 ppb or
23% of the NAAQS, while the lowest annual arithmetic mean was reported at Mansfield
at 3 ppb or 10% of the NAAQS. New Haven reported the highest 24-hour second
maximum of 31 ppb or 22% of the NAAQS. Overall the five-year SO 2 trend graphs
show a slight decreasing trends.
8
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- __i j
I • - —‘
/ HARTFORD
/ TOLLAND
LITCHFIELD 165 MORGAN STRE, T I
‘7.1 /
/ WINDHAM
*
N
HARAO J5HAVENUE t.. N— -.
3.7 - -—.. \ -
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( 1 \ ‘
r
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MIDDLESEX NEW LONDON
NEWHAVEN
121 , M STREET
/ VEN ) -\ J’\Li
N FAIRFIELD
A
j- \ 5 0 5 10 15 Miles
- - jc! ----’ ‘ - - I
JASPER MCLEVY HALL STATE STREET
BRIDGEPORT
2.6
V STAMFORD BROAO ST STAMFORD CT
3.5 CONNF(”II(’Ui’ CARBON MONOXIDE
Second—highest eight—hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration iii ppm f’or sites in Connecticut.
The eight—hour Co standard is 9 ppm.
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CONNECTICUT CARBON MONOXIDE
90 91
92 93
YEAR
94 95
Bridgeport
— — Stamford
COUNTY
CONNECTICUT
ADDRESS
A Hartford
—A— New Haven
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR 0 MAX 8-HR O S>
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METH
09-001-0004
1
2 BRIDGEPORT
FAIRFIELD
JASPER MCLEVY HALL. STAT
98
001
8624
4 8
4 4
0
3.1
2 8
0
54
09-001-0020
1
2 STAMFORD
FAIRFIELD
LIBRARY 96 BROAD ST STA
98
001
6684
6.2
6
0
5
3.6
0
54
09-003-0013
1
1 HARTFORD
HARTFORD
401 FLATBUSH AVENUE
98
001
8672
4.7
4.7
0
4
3.7
0
54
09-003-0017
1
1 HARTFORD
HARTFORD
COURTHOUSE. 155 MORGAN S
98
001
8471
17
12.8
0
7.9
7.1
0
54
09-009-0025
1
2 NEW HAVEN
NEW HAVEN
121 ELM STREET
98
001
8683
5.2
4 4
0
3.6
2.7
0
54
10
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
E
0
LU
-J
>
0
I
cc
x
0
z
0
0
W
C / )
NAAQS 9 ppm
— *‘ ___
— —--—:
.-
I. ‘••‘ ‘.\
/
2
— ‘*%
‘ ‘
S.
S.
‘ S.
89
• 5%
‘. 5 .
.-
A . . ——.. .5 -5-
‘.5.. \ _; .__ . 5 -5-
‘ —S.
1
96 97 98
CARBON MONOXIDE 2101)
P
SITE ID
OM
C T CITY
-------
I ..
LITCHFIELD
FAIRFIELD
SHERWOOD ISLAND STATE PARK
WESTPORT
0.018
1 . - ’
!
/
/ HARTFORD
—--*
MCAULIFFEE PARK
EAST HARTFORD
0.020
L— .\ / \J
TOLLAND
\
\
MIDDLESEX
\tf1 (
5
.—ROUTE 190, SHENIP8i STATE FOREST
v STAMFORD
0.001
WINDHAM
5 10 15 Mdes
CONNl (”I’lCtJ’l’ Nl’l’R( )(il N DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Connecticut. The annual average
-&
N .
-
NEW HAVEN
NEW LONDON
EET
A
NO 2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
-------
CONNECTICUT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
YEAR
NAAQS = 0.05 ppm
—.- Bridgeport
East Hartford
—s -- New Haven
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
SITE ID C T CITY
OM
CONNECTICUT
COUNTY ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR
YR OR #OBS 1ST 2ND
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN METH
09-001-9003 1 3 WESTPORT FAIRFIELD SHERWOOD ISLAND STATE PA
09-003-1003 1 2 EAST HARTFORD HARTFORD MCAULIFFEE PARK
09-009-123 1 2 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN 715 STATE STREET
09-013-1001 1 3 STAFFORD TOLLAND ROUTE 190, SHENIPSIT STATE
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
98
001
8535
0.084
0.082
0.018
74
98
001
8377
0.068
0.068
0.02
74
98 001
8364
0.24
0.21
0.027
74
E
a
a
z
w
0
w
I
-J
z
z
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
7
R -
\
— a
U -
—
# 5_S ___.s.
S S -
\ —— __%
.— ___5__
— — -U.__.
A
,1
S.
S.
--.--
‘ U
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
12
-------
/ ‘,‘ \ ROUTE1,Q8HENIPSITSTATEFOREST
1 STAFFORD 7
*
/ HARTFORD
UNIVERSITY ROAD
TORRINOTON ‘-
°
1 /
* -‘ WINDHAM
LITCHFIELD \\
(‘N
N
_...- \
• /CONN.VALLEYHOSPSHAWH L.LEA TE ND
MIDDLETOWN
1 *
NEW LONDON
MIDDLESEX
NEWHAVEN
1 UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT, AVERY POINT
* ‘.
715 STATE STREET ‘. / I ‘‘
, NEW HAVEN • ., )
TRAILERW.COHNECTICUTSTATEUNIVERSI1Y N J\. ;-- i
/ ./ . -
HAMMONASSET STATE PARK
FAIRFIELD ;/ MADISON
/ USCO LIGHTHOUSE PROSPECT STREET
STRATFORD N
Ax t A
N
) J1f SHERWOOD ISLAND STATE PARK 5 0 5 — 10 15 Miles
WESTPORT . - .
2
GREENWICH POINT PARK
GREENWICH
0
C0NNI C’I]CU1’ 0/ON I-I
Number of’ ozone exceedance days for sites in Connecticut.
-------
a-
CONNECTICUT OZONE
12
C / )
LU
-J
>
x
>-
-j
U-
0
uJ
z
I I I I I I I 1 I I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
8
6
4
2
0
—.-- Greenwich
- Stratford
East Hartford
Middletown
- -p-- Stafford
OZONE(44201)
CONNECTICUT
UNITS: 007 PPM
OZONE SEASON: AP
R 01 T
0 SEP
30
MIS
P
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM
DAY
0 M
REP
NUM
NUM
—--MAXIMUM--------
VALS>
12 ASU
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY ADDRESS
YR
ORG
MEA
REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
ME EST STAN MET
09-001.0017
1 2 GREENWICH
FAIRFIELD
GREENWiCH POINT
98
001
181
183
0.113
0.113
0.106
0.105
0
0
2 53
09-001-1123
1 2 DANBURY
FAIRFIELD
TRAILER, W. CONN
98
001
182
183
0.116
0.115
0.11
0.109
0
0
0 53
09-001-3007
1 1 STRATFORD
FAIRFIELD
USCG LIGHTHOUSE
98
001
182
183
0.148
0.134
0.126
0.122
3
3
1 53
09-001-9003
1 U WESTPORT
FAIRFIELD
SHERWOOD ISLAND
98
001
182
183
0.133
0126
0.12
0.111
2
2
1 53
09-003-1003
1 1 EAST HARTFOR
HARTFORD
MCAULIFFEE PARK
98
001
176
183
0.139
0.11
0.109 0.1
1
1
1 53
09-005-0006
1 2 TORRINGTON
LITCHFIELD
UNIVERSITY ROAD
98
001
183
183
0.12
0.118
0.115
0.112
0
0
0 53
09-007-0007
1 1 MIDDLETOWN
MIDDLESEX
CONN. VALLEY HOS
98
001
176
183
0.145
0118
0.118
0.114
1
1
2 53
09-009-1123
1 1 NEWHAVEN
NEWHAVEN
715 STATE STREET
98
001
182
183
0.118
0.117
0105
0.102
0
0
1 53
09-009-3002
1 2 MADISON
NEW HAVEN
HAMMONASSET STAT
98
001
181
183
0.139
0.13
0.12
0.118
2
2
2 53
09-011-0008
1 2 GROTON
NEW LONDON
UNIVERSITY OF CO
98
001
183
183
0.135
0.116
0.108
0.101
1
1
0 53
09-013-1001
1 1 STAFFORD
TOLLAND
ROUTE 190, SHENI
98
001
181
183
0.142
0132
0. 14
0 109
2
2
0 53
OM
SITE ID
C T CITY
COUNTY
ADDRESS
CONNECTICUT
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
REP NUM NUM
YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST
UNITS. 007 PPM
8-Hour Average
—MAXIMUM—-
2ND 3RD 4TH METH
09-001 -0017
1 2 GREENWiCH
FAIRFIELD
GREENWICH POINT
98
001
181
183
98
92
89
89
53
09-001 -1123
1 2 DANBURY
FAIRFIELD
TRAILER. W. CONN
98
001
182
183
102
94
92
92
53
09-001-3007
1 1 STRATFORD
FAIRFIELD
USCG LIGHTHOUSE
98
001
182
183
109
107
100
97
53
09-001-9003
1 U WESTPORT
FAIRFIELD
SHERWOOD ISLAND
98
001
182
183
106
106
94
90
53
09-003-1003
1 1 EAST HARTFOR
HARTFORD
MCAULIFFEE PARK
98
001
176
183
104
95
84
83
53
09-005-0006
1 2 TORRINGTON
LITCHFIELD
UNIVERSITY ROAD
98
001
183
183
99
99
98
98
53
09-007-0007
1 1 MIDDLETOWN
MIDDLESEX
CONN. VALLEY HOS
98
001
176
183
114
99
90
89
53
09-009-1123
1 1 NEW HAVEN
NEW HAVEN
715 STATE STREET
98
001
182
183
89
89
85
79
53
09-009-3002
1 2 MADISON
NEW HAVEN
HAMMONASSET STAT
98
001
181
183
107
105
97
97
53
09-011-0008
1 2 GROTON
NEW LONDON
UNIVERSITY OF CO
98
001
183
183
109
91
90
84
53
09-013-1001
1 1 STAFFORD
TOLLAND
ROUTE 190, SHENI
98
001
181
183
118
114
101
98
53
-
- \
U— - -s’— -
\
NAAQS 1 day >= 0.125 ppm
A
,
/‘ \ ftt
/ S.-
\ N
/
/ N
/
YEAR
OZONE(44201)
P
14
-------
I.
140 MAIN STREET
TORRIOTON I
18
LI TCHFIELD
HARTFORD
U
/ CORNER OF SHELDON ST.
HARTFORD
21
—\
PUNCH BROOK ROAD AT FISH PONDS
BURLINGTON
14
SHED MEADOW AND BANK STREET
WATERBURY -
22 1 /
*
NEW HAVEN
FAIRFIELD
716 STATE STREET
NEW HAVEN’
21
SHED CONORES; STREET
BRIDGEPORT
N
N
4 RWOOD ISLAND STRE
-. ESTPORT
18
145 AT WEST AVE
NORWALK
28
145 AT BROOKSIDE DRIVE
DARIEN
24
401 FLATBUSH AVENUE
HARTFORD
10
I l
*
— SHAKER ROAD
ENPIELD
IS
TOLLAND
\.
WINDHAM
/)
108 VALLEY STREET
WILLIMANTIC
18
• \
(31
MIDDLES _\
F A EET / L RN •RO ND
I *
-
CORNER OF STILES STREET & ALABAMA STREET
NEW HAVEN
31
A
5 0 5 10 15 Miles
22 COURT HOUSE SQUARE
NORWICH
18
NEW LONDON
(‘ONNI (”!’1CtJT’ PM 0
Annual average PM 10 concentration iii Ug/Ul For sites in ( onnecticut. I he dflhlIJal avei age IM 10 Stall(1 6 11(l is
50 ug/n1.
‘1
TRAILERW. CO 4NE TICUT STATE UNIVERSITY
DA BURY
20
ROOSEVELT SCHOOL PARK AVE.
BRIDGEPORT
21
-------
CONNECTICUT PMIO
c )
- 120
a)
110
D
-J
<10
>
90
0
‘80
C 4
70
60
x
50
O
z
0
0
w
c i )
NAAQS = 150 ug/m3
YEAR
- — Bridgeport Roosevelt School
—. - New Haven Stiles St.
—*— Waterbury Shed Meadow P1
PM-b TOTAL 0-1OUM (81102) CONNECTICUT
50
C )
E
0)
z
uJ
0
uJ
=
I—
a
uJ
I—
I
O 20
uJ
NAAQS = 50 ug/m3
YEAR
—U— Bridgeport Roosevelt School
—4--- New Haven Stiles St.
—*— Waterbury Shed Meadow P1
UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25C)
WTD
P SCHEDULED
0 M REP NUM NUM % NUM —MAXIMUM VALUES--- VALS > 150 ARIT
COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG OBS OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH MEA EST EAN METH
SITE ID C T CITY
58 58 92 63 48
4 44 94 4 48
57 57 90 63 44
61 61 97 63 46
59 59 94 63 52
61 61 97 63 48
61 61 97 63 38
58 58 92 63 41
58 58 92 63 42
349 349 96 365 68
349 58 92 365 68
56 56 89 63 50
59 59 94 63 44
60 60 95 63 67
230 43 93 198 80
62 62 69 15 78
62 62 69 90 78
59 59 94 63 51
59 59 94 63 49
56 56 89 63 51
52 52 83 63 54
365 365 100 63 67
355 60 95 365 67
60 60 95 63 42
59 59 94 63 42
SC 60 95 63 36
56 58 92 63 39
46 40 36 0 0 21
43 41 40 0 0 22’
38 36 36 0 0 20
44 44 42 0 0 24
50 49 47 0 0 28
38 38 34 0 0 18
38 35 35 0 0 18
40 39 39 0 0 19
39 36 34 0 0 16
66 56 55 0 0 21
66 56 55 0 0 21?
31 26 24 0 0 14
43 39 33 0 0 18
54 45 43 0 0 27
71 70 69 0 0 32’
71 65 64 0 0 31’
71 65 64 0 0 31’
44 39 36 0 0 21
44 40 36 0 0 20
49 40 34 0 0 21
50 41 31 0 0 22?
60 56 55 0 0 21
60 56 55 0 0 21’
38 37 30 0 0
41 36 35 0 0 18
34 33 28 0 13
36 3 34 0 0 18
\
I ’
/ ‘
\____4’ \
4
/
-.
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
I I 1 I I I I I I I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
09-001-0010 1 1 BRIDGEPORT FAIRFIELD ROOSEVELT 98 001
09-001-0113 3 3 BRIDGEPORT FAIRFIELD SHED CONGR 98 001
09-001-1123 1 2 DANBURY FAIRFIELD TRAILER. W. 98 001
09-001-1401 1 1 DARIEN FAIRFIELD I-95ATBROO 98 001
09-001-2014 1 1 NORWALK FAIRFIELD I-95ATWEST 98 001
09-001-9003 1 3 WESTPORT FAIRFIELD SHERWOOD I 98 001
09-003-0013 1 1 HARTFORD HARTFORD 401 FLATBUS 98 001
09-003-1004 1 2 EAST HARTF HARTFORD CITY HALL. 74 98 001
09-003-1005 1 2 ENFIELD HARTFORD SHAKER ROA 98 001
09-003-1018 3 3 HARTFORD HARTFORD CORNER OF S 98 CCI
09-003-1018 4 3 HARTFORD HARTFORD CORNER OF S 98 001
09-003-2001 1 2 BURLINGTON HARTFORD PUNCH BROO 98 001
09-005-6001 1 2 TORRINGTON LITCHFIELD 140 MAIN STR 98 001
09-009-0018 1 1 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN STILES STRE 98 001
09-009-0018 3 3 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN STILES STRE 98 001
09-009-0021 1 3NEWHAVEN NEWHAVEN CORNEROFS 98 001
09-009-0021 2 3 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN CORNER OF 5 98 001
09-009-1123 1 1 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN 715 STATE ST 98 001
09-009-1123 2 2 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN 715 STATE ST 98 001
09-009-2123 1 1 WATERBURY NEW HAVEN SHED MEADO 98 001
09-009-2123 2 3 WATERBURY NEW HAVEN SHED MEADO 98 CCI
09-009-2123 4 3 WATERBURY NEWHAVEN SHEDMEADO 98 001
09-009-2123 5 3 WATERBURY NEWHAVEN SHED MEADO 98 001
09-011-0009 1 1 NEW LONDON NEW LONDON PERKINS STT 98 CCI
09-011-3002 1 2 NORWiCH NEW LONDON 22COURTI-IO 98 CCI
09-011-9001 1 2 VOLUNTOWN NEW LONDON PACHAUG ST 98 CCI
09-015-1002 1 2 W1LLIMANTI WINDHAM 108 VALLEY S 98 001
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
79
79
62
62
62
79
79
79
62
62
62
62
79
79
62
62
62
62
16
-------
CORNER OF SHELDON ST. AND COLUMBUS BLVD
HARTFORD
!009
06 HIOH STREET EAST HARTFORD
EAST HARTFORD
0.006
L..-•\ ./
NEW HAVEN
— —SHAKER ROAD
ENFIELD
0.003
I \
- MIDDLESEX _\
ANIMAL SHELTER COMMERdE STREET
/N W 4AV N
/ O.OOH
,.y
J
WINDHAM
- NORTh FRONTAGE ROAD
c “. MANSFIELD
J \03
NEW LONDON
5 0 5 10 l5MIIes
CONNECTICUT StJLFI .JR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Connecticut. 1 lie annual average
/ HARTFORD
TOLLAND i
/ LITCHFIELD
. AND BANK STREET
\o.ooo \
1RAILERW. CONt .4EQ 1 TICUT STATE UNIVERSITY
Q 004
716 STATE STREET
* NEW HAVEN
‘ , 0.006
FAIRFIELD .
/ JJ
SHERWOOD ISLAND * c
— FAIRFIELD /
0.004 / , “/ /
I j /
/
I I6BOSTON TERRACE
GREENWICH POINT PARK . BRIDGEPORT
ORE WICH 0.007
*
HILLANDALE AVENUE
STAMFORD
A
SO 2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
-------
CONNECTICUT SULFUR DIOXiDE
0.02
0.015
o.oi
E
-C
I-
4:
(6
0.005
0
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
OM
SITE ID C T CITY
0.1
NAAQS = 0.14 ppm
0.09 -
— ‘I
-.--.
“Ľ
/
- ‘ i’ ,A - - -
: •
I I I I I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
—W- Bridgeport
—1-- Danbury
New Haven
— — Waterbury
—4-— Groton
OBS
UNITS: 007 PPM
OBS
> MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
ST 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
E
& 0.08
w
0.07
0.06
0.05
g 0.03
w
U)
002
0.01
YEAR
—U-- Bridgeport
—k- Danbury
- New Haven
— - Waterbury
— — Groton
CONNECTICUT
REP MAX 24-HR
COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND
09-001-0012 1 1 BRIDGEPORT FAIRFIELD 115BOSTONTERRA 98 001 8176 0.027 0.024
09-001-0017 1 2 GREENWICH FAIRFIELD GREENWICH POINT 98 001 101 0.016 0.011
09-001-1123 1 2 DANBURY FAIRFIELD TRAILER. W. CONNE 98 001 8292 0.024 0.02
09-001-2124 1 2 STAMFORD FAIRFIELD HILLANDALEAVENU 98 001 8313 0.028 0.025
09-001-9003 1 3 WESTPORT FAIRFIELD SHERWOOD ISLAND 98 001 8144 0.023 0.021
09-003-1005 1 2 ENFIELD HARTFORD SHAKER ROAD 98 001 8150 0.019 0.015
09-003-1018 1 1 HARTFORD HARTFORD CORNER OF SHELD 98 001 147 0.015 0.011
09-003-2006 1 1 EAST HARTFOR HARTFORD 85 HIGH STREET EA 98 001 8326 0.024 0.019
09-009-1003 1 2 EAST HAVEN NEW HAVEN ANIMAL SHELTER,C 98 001 207 0.02 0.011
09-009-1123 2 1 NEW HAVEN NEW HAVEN 715 STATE STREET 98 001 8210 0.038 0.031
09-009-2123 1 2 WATERBURY NEW HAVEN SHED MEADOW AND 98 001 8331 0.023 0.021
09-011-0007 1 2 GROTON NEWLONDON FIRE HEADQUARTER 98 001 8356 0.019 0.018
09-013-0003 1 2 MANSFIELD TOLLAND NORTh FRONTAGE R 98 001 8175 0.018 0.016
0 0.065
0 0.026
0 0.031
0 0.041
0 0.027
0 0.023
0 0.017
0 0.033
0 0.027
0 0.052
0 0.034
0 0.034
0 0.029
0.059 0 0.084 0.082 0.007
0.019 0 0.029 0.027 .010?
0.03 0 0.036 0.034 0.004
0.04 0 0.048 0.046 0.006
0.027 0 0.034 0.033 0.004
0.023 0 0.025 0.024 0.003
0.016 0 0.029 0.027 .009?
0.033 0 0.043 0.034 0.005
0.025 0 0.032 0.029 .008?
0.051 0 0.063 0.059 0.006
0.033 0 0.056 0.042 0.006
0.033 0 0.043 0.043 0.004
0.026 0 0.038 0.03 0.003
NAAQS = 0.03 ppm
-‘
: ___
r•
‘ ———
Y\ ‘1 \s-
‘--
I I I I I I I I I I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
18
-------
MAINE SUMMARY
At the present time, Maine is not operating any carbon monoxide (CO) monitors and
has discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring due to the extremely low lead concentrations
monitored over the past few years. In 1998, three sites photochemical assessment
monitoring stations (PAMS) monitored for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) during the summer
(Kiftery operated throughout the year). None of these sites experienced any
exceedances or violations of the NAAQS during 1998. The highest annual arithmetic
mean at a PAMS site was at Kittery20% of the NAAQS.
Five of the twelve ozone (03) sites operating in ME had exceedances of the 1-hour 03
NAAQS in 1998. This compares with no sites reporting ozone levels above this
NAAQS in 1996 and in 1997 where seven sites reported at least one day above this
NAAQS. The McFarland HiH site in Acadia National Park reported the highest 1-hour
second maximum value of 0.125 ppm. For the 8-hour ozone standard in 1998, six of
the twelve 03 sites reported a fourth high day of at least 85 ppb. In 1998 two coastal
sites near Portland (Two Lights State Park and Small Point Beach) reported the
maximum 8-hour average of 0.116 ppm. For 1997 the site at Small Point in Sagadahoc
County had the state’s maximum 8-hour average of 0.116 ppm. In 1996, this site
reported a maximum daily 8-hour value of 0.097 ppm ozone
In 1998 no site in ME reported 24-hour air quality levels above the particulate matter
(PM 10 ) NAAQS. The Riverside site in Presque Isle had a value of 127 ug/m 3 or 85% of
the NAAQS that was the maximum daily concentration in ME. There were no
exceedances or violations of the annual standard in 1998. The site in Madawaska
reported the maximum annual arithmetic mean at 28 ug/m 3 or 56% of the standard.
The five year trend lines continue to show a slight downward trend.
There were no exceedances or violations reported at any of the seven sulfur dioxide
(SO 2 ) sites in 1998. The highest annual arithmetic mean was reported at the Shelter
site in Portland at 5 ppb or 17% of the NAAQS. The Shelter site in Madawaska
reported the highest 24-hour second maximum at 36 ppb or 26% of the standard. The
highest 3-hour second maximum of 108 ppb or 22% of the standard was recorded in
Portland. The five-year trend graphs show that sites are well below the NAAQS and
are relatively stable.
20
-------
l_.
PEWOBSCOT
-- HANCOCK
r
WALOO N
KENN EC I’ M0UNT N
/ I — ox - 0002
\ DRCSCCGGI UNCO
/ .SAGADAHOC f
/ b ’
c uaEc
FRISBEE SCHOOL G000SOE ROAD
KIT ERY
0.010
\IALNL Nil ROuEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Maine. The annual average NO 2
standard is 0.05 ppm.
AROOSTOOK
S AT4O S
SOMERSET
C--
\
R4NKLJN
\
WASHING TON
CXF CRC
2 20 4OMiIes
*: -‘
21
-------
MAINE NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0.03 -- _________________ - NAAQS 0.05 ppm
E
O.O25-
0.02- /
0 /
0.015- /
0.01-
-J
0.005 •_S
z —
0•-
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
--.-- Cape Elizabeth —A- - Kittery
- Portland r Cadillac Mtn
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602) MAINE UNITS: 007 PPM
P
O M REP MAX I-HR MAX24-HR AR1
SITE ID C T crn ’ COUNTY ADDRESS YR OR #OBS 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
23-009-0102 1 6 BAR HARBOR HANCOCK TOP OF CADILLAC MOUNTAIN 98 001 2978 0.02 0.01 .002? 75
23-031-3002 1 3 KI1TERY YORK FRISBEE SCHOOL G000SOE R 98 019 8032 0.054 0.051 0.01 14
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATiSFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
22
-------
I,
/
/
AROOSTOOK
PISCATAQUIS
I
\
• OV .AWOREWS
DOVER-FOX
*
.: FRAM(UN
OXFORD KENNEBEC
ROUTE 5. RORTH LOVEI .L DOT
•L,OVELL
o / p .x sr sc*ioot.
GARDl ERCTY . - .*
-...LIN OLN
• -__J
k ’- ’
\
CUMBERLAND
. - —
ROUTE4
SOUTH KOLUS
‘o- -- \)
‘ • -.
YORK -
TWO UGPfTS STATE PARK
CAPE EL ETh
OCW4 AVE)PARSOP4S WAY. KEHNEBUWKPORT
KENHEBUNKPORT
- FRJSBEE ScHOOL. 0000SOE ROAD
KITTERY
-. ‘•- \.
PENOBSCOT
. \
WASHINGTON
-c. -‘
?
SUMMITOFRID BLUFF
HOLDO
— I. ...
I’-.
) HANCOCK
L- - r
WALDO - -, . .;
- OFCADII.LAC MOUNTA
‘‘ - {. - MCFARL -AP4DI U.
- -BARHARBOR
KNOX
ANOROSCOGGIA j_•
- SAGADAHOC .
I N-’ t (1i CLYDE. MARSHALL POI(r LIGHTHOUSE
ST’GEORGE
‘<;2 , ,
NAVY ROAD
PHPPSBURG
20 0 20 4OMiIes
SOMERSET
*
MAINE OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Maine.
23
-------
MAINE OZONE
U)
A
C l)
w
4
>-
-J
U-
0
2
OZONE(44201)
p
OM
SITEID C T cm , ’
• Cape Elizabeth
Gardiner
cout rr
YEAR
MAINE
OZONE SEASON: APR01 TO SEP 30
ADDRESS
* Kennebunkport
UNITS: 007 PPM
MIS
REP
NUM
NUM
VAUD DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM
—MAXIMUM—---—
DAY
VALS>.12 ASU
YR ORG
MEA
REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4Th
ME EST’ STAN MET
23-005-2003
1 8 CAPE EUZABET CUMBERLAND
T M) UGHTS STATE
98 001 183
183
0.139
0.12
0.118
0.102
1
1
0 47
23-009-0102
1 6 BAR HARBOR HANCOCK
TOP OF CADILLAC
98 001 163
183
0.132
0.123
0.118
0.1
1
1.1
1 47
23-009-0103
1 2 BAR HARBOR HANCOCK
MCFARLAND HILL-D
98 001 180
183
0.135
0.125
0.118
0.112
2
2
1 47
23-011-2005
1 2 GARDINER KENNEBEC
PRAY STREET SCHO
98 001 177
183
0.108
0.102
0.101
0.092
0
0
1 47
23-013-0004
2 2 KNOX
PORT CLYDE. MARS
98 001 182
183
0.121
0.107
0.103
0.096
0
0
1 47
23-017-3001
1 3 OXFORD
ROUTE 5, NORTH 1
98 001 182
183
0.085
0.072
0.071
0.069
0
0
1 47
23-019-4008
1 2 PENOBSCOT
SUMMIT OF RIDER
. 98 001 171
183
0.113
0.094
0.093
0.093
0
0
0 47
23-021-0003
1 3 DOVER-FOXCRO PISCATAQUIS
DOVER-ANDREWS PR
98 001 176
183
0.079
0.068
0.068
0.067
0
0
0 47
23-023-0003
1 2 SAGADAHOC
NAVY ROAD
98 001 178
183
0.137
0.124
0.111
0.102
1
1
3 47
23-031-0037
1 3 YORK
ROUTE 4, SOUTH
98 001 181
183
0.095
0.095
0.088
0.085
0
0
0 47
23-031-2002
1 2 YORK
OCEAN AVE/PARSON
98 001 176
183
0.136
0.12
0.101
0.095
1
1
0 47
23-031-3002
1 3 KITTERY YORK
FRISBEE SCHOOL
98019181
183
0.115
0.112
0.104
0.104
0
0
2 11
OZONE(44201)
MAINE
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
REP NUM NUM
ADDRESS YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST
UNITS: 007 PPM
8-Hour Average
—MAXIMUM---—-
2ND 3RD 4TH METH
23-005-2003
1
8 CAPE EUZABET CIJMBERLAND
TWO LIGHTS STATE
98
001
183
183
116
107
103
89
47
23-009-0102
1
6 BAR HARBOR HANCOCK
TOP OF CADILLAC
98
001
163
183
105
102
101
94
47
23-009-0103
1
2 BAR HARBOR HANCOCK
MCFARLAND HILL-D
98
001
180
183
111
110
109
88
47
23-011-2005
1
2 GARDINER KENNEBEC
PRAY STREET SCHO
98
001
177
183
95
94
91
77
47
23-013-0004
2
2 KNOX
PORT CLYDE, MARS
98
001
182
183
102
92
92
77
47
23-017-3001
1
3 OXFORD
ROUTE 5. NORTh L
98
001
182
183
75
62
62
60
47
23-019-4008
1
2 PENOBSCOT
SUMMIT OF RIDER
98
001
171
183
96
89
80
77
47
23-021-0003
1
3 DOVER-FOXCRO PISCATAQUIS
DOVER-ANDREWS PR
98
001
176
183
75
63
61
61
47
23-023-0003
1
2 SAGADAHOC
NAVY ROAD
98
001
178
183
116
109
104
91
47
23-031-0037
1
3 YORK
ROUTE 4, SOUTH.
98
001
181
183
79
78
77
72
47
23-031-2002
1
2 YORK
OCEAN AVE/PARSON
98
001
176
183
112
99
86
86
47
23-031-3002
1
3 KITTERY YORK
FRISBEE SCHOOL.
98
019
181
183
97
95
92
89
11
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
P
OM
24
-------
. ‘--‘ BIG DADDY ’S RESTAURANT BDR
/ (MADAWASKA — -- .
BUILDING 6100, LORING AF
1 4ESTONE
7’ P1 REG OFF 68 CENTRAL DR (SKIWAY INO PK)
PRESQUE ISLE CITY
17
AROOSTOOK
RIVERSIDE STREET PRESQUE ISLE
PRESQUE ISLE CITY
___•_i_ - - ------- M NS ET \
MARS HILL
Liz. _._ .
S TAQUIS \
HOULTON FIRE STA1 ON
;HOULTON
-
L - - \T
PENOBSCOT
20 0 20 4OMiIes
.1 PUMP STATION.WASHING ST.
— BREWER CITY
\18
PROP TV ? Y H1LL- L
w wo
KENNEBEC
/
I .
COUNTRY KITC1 ’EN I 0T-CN$AL St KNOX
LE STON CITY
18 - , , , ANDR0SCO €IN
.r-
1 N SAGADA OC
T rE R Ro$JTET , I.
11 CU*68E .ANO
SHELTER SITE.OXFORD & ELM STREET
YORK PORTLAND CITY
MAINE PM 10
Annual average PM 10 concentration in ug/m 3 for sites in Maine. The annual average PM 10 standard is 50
ug/m 3 .
25
SOMERSET
I
c i
,1
‘
\
ANKUN
\
WASIING TON
c
A
-------
cq)
E
0)
w
10
80
I
c - J
60
40
0
z
0
0
w
U)
NAAQS 150 ug/m3
MAINE PMIO
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
35- ,
0)
25-
w -
20-i
15-
89 90 91 .2 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
—u— Madawaska —.— Portland Oxford —.—- Madawaska — *- — Portland Oxford
—.--- Bridgton Jay Bomaster Pr —.— Bndgton — - - Jay Bomaster Pr
MAINE
SCHEDULED
PM-10 TOTAL 0-bUM (81102)
P
OM
S1 EID C T CITY
UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25C)
wrD
REP NUM NUM % NUM —MAXIMUM VALUES— VALS> 150 ARIT
COUN1Y ADDRESS YR ORG OBS OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4Th MEA EST EAN METH
23-001-0011
1 2 LEWISTON ANDROSCOG COUNTRY KIT 98
001
54
54
86
63
61
36
34
34
0
0
18
64
23-003-0013
2 2 MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK BIG DADDY’S 98
001
63
61
97
63
90
72
67
66
0
0
28
64
2 -003-1 008
1 3 PRESQUE IS AROOSTOOK P1 REG OFF 5 98
001
62
56
89
63
62
58
55
36
0
0
17
63
23-003-1011
1 2 PRESQUE IS AROOSTOOK RIVERSIDE ST 98
001
77
74
60
63
127
70
67
55
0
0
22?
64
23-003-1011
2 2 PRESQUE IS AROOSTOOK RIVERSIDE ST 98
001
317
317
87
365
119
99
93
70
0
0
20
79
23-003-1012
1 3 LORINGAFB AROOSTOOK BUILDING 510 98
001
60
59
94
365
37
37
25
23
0
0
11?
64
23-003-1013
1 3 HOULTON AROOSTOOK HOULTON FIR 98
001
21
20
65
31
74
62
59
34
0
0
23?
64
23-003-1014
1 3 AROOSTOOK MAIN STREET 98
001
36
36
97
37
39
35
34
26
0
0
17?
64
23-003-1016
1 3 AROOSTOOK MAIN STREET 98
001
16
16
100
16
39
33
29
18
0
0
17?
63
23-003-1017
1 3 HOULTON AROOSTOOK HOULTON PlO 98
001
15
15
94
16
52
38
19
18
0
0
17?
64
23-005-0002
2 3 BRIDGTON CUMBERLAN UPPER RIDGE 98
001
49
49
83
59
45
33
27
26
0
0
11’
62
23-005-0014
2 1 PORTLAND CUMBERLAN SHELTER SIT 98
.001
49
46
74
62
60
39
35
33
0
0
19?
64
23-005-0015
1 1 PORTLAND CUMBERLAN TUKEY’S BRID 98
001
56
55
93
59
106
67
57
56
0
0
26?
64
23-007-0003
1 4 JAY FRANKLIN JEWELL PRO 98
103
107
107
87
123
60
30
28
27
0
0
13?
63
23-007-0004
3 2 JAY FRANKLIN BOMASTER P 98
103
109
109
89
123
51
31
26
25
0
0
12?
62
23-009-0201
1 3 ELLSWORTH HANCOCK 21 WATER ST 98
001
14
14
93
15
68
66
37
32
0
0
31?
63
23-011-0014
1 2 AUGUSTA KENNEBEC RINES HILL P 98
001
55
55
87
63
80
66
55
54
0
0
24
63
23-013-2001
1 2 THOMASTON KNOX MITCHELL PR 98
106
117
117
95
123
50
46
45
38
0
0
14
63
23-017-0008
1 2 MEXICO OXFORD LABONVILLES 98
104
180
180
98
183
70
54
53
41
0
0
18
62
23-017-2007
1 2 RUMFORD OXFORD VILLAGE GRE 98
104
174
174
95
63
77
46
40
39
0
0
14
62
23-019-0002
? INDICATES
2 2 BANGOR PENOBSCOT PUMP STAT1O 98 001
ThAT ThE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
58
58
92
63
42
40
38
35
0
0
18
62
26
20
89909192939495969795
YEAR
-------
U.S. POST OFFICE 430 EAST MAIN STREET
MADAWASKA
0.005
PORTABLE SHELTER-ALBERT ST.
MADAWASKA
- .0O6
— .. HOULTON FiRE STATION
HOULTON
0 .004
PISCATAQUIS
/
SOMERSET
I
FRANKLIN
-
ViLLAGE GREEN-ROUTE #108
RUMFORD -
I _, -.\ 0003
\
*
- WALDO
* --s.. -
OXFORD KEMVEBEC I /
j
I - ,(NOX
COUNTRY KITCPEN T.CANAL ST. - I
LEWISTON CITY AJISCOGGIN ;nvcoziv
\ ‘. ../N SAGADAHc%C /
-
CUMBERLAND -
( i / :( V
I. ‘
) — -I-
SHELTER SITE-OXFORD & ELM ST
PORTLAND CITY
0.00 5
YORK
a,
S
WASHINGTON
A
( 20 0 20 4OMiIes
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Maine. The annual average SO 2
standard is 0.03 ppm.
27
HIGH SCHOOL-ST. THOMAS ST.
MADAWASKA
0004
AROOSTOOK
HANCOCK
MAINE SULFUR DIOXIDE
-------
MAINE SULFUR DIOXIDE
NAAQS = 0.14 ppm
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
— . — Lewiston Country Kitchen
— .-- - Madawaska US Post Office
— *- — Mexico
Rumford
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401) MAINE
P
OM
SrIE ID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS
NAAQS = 0.03 ppm
0.014-
E
- 0.012
2
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004-
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
—.-- Lewiston Country Kitchen
—e-- Madawaska US Post Office
—*-- Mexico
Rumford
UNITS: 007 PPM
OBS OBS
REP MAX 24.-HR > MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND MEAN METh
23-001.0011 1 1 LE MSTON ANDROSCOGGI COUNTRY KITCHEN 98
23-003-0009 1 2 MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK PORTABLE SHELTER 98
23-003-0012 1 4 MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK U.S.POST OFFICE, 98
23-003-1003 1 4 MADAWASKA AROOSTOOK HIGH SCHOOL-ST. T 98
23-003-1013 1 3 HOULTON AROOSTOOK HOULTON FIRE STAT 98
23-005-0014 1 1 PORTLAND CUMBERLAND SHELTER SITE-OXFO 98
23-017-2007 2 2 RUMFORD OXFORD VILLAGE GREEN-RO 98
? INDICATES ThAT ThE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
001 8261 0.021 0.019 0 0.043 0.042 0 0.061 0.052 0.004 60
113 4129 0.061 0.036 0 0.095 0.088 0 0.228 0.203 .006? 60
113 4126 0.045 0.033 0 0.158 0.08 0 0.287 0.195 .005? 60
113 4125 0.036 0.018 0 0.146 0.084 0 0.268 0.16 .004? 60
001 2850 0.014 0.013 0 0.029 0.029 0 0.041 0.038 .004? 60
001 6653 0.029 0.025 0 0.108 0.108 0 0.295 0.293 0.005 60
104 8222 0.019 0.017 0 0.048 0.042 0 0.06 0.056 0.003 9
E
- 007
w
-J
>
D 0.05
0
I
0.04
0.02
2
o 0.01 -
o
w
C l )
0 ——.--- _________
0.002
28
-------
MASSACHUSETTS SUMMARY
Massachusetts maintains nine carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring sites in the
Commonwealth. Four sites are located in Boston (Kenmore Square, Visconti Street-
East Boston, Breman Street-East Boston, and the Federal Post Office Building), two
sites are each in Springfield (East Columbus Avenue and Liberty Street) and in
Worcester (Central Street and Franklin Street), and a single site is in Lowell (Old City
Hall). No exceedance or violation of the one-hour or 8-hour NAAQS for CO was
recorded at any of the Massachusetts CO monitoring site in 1998 or 1997. In 1996
there were for two exceedances of the 8-hour NAAQS 9.5 ppm at the Lowell site and
10.5 ppm at the Springfield East Columbus Avenue site. Overall, the maximum one-
hour and 8-hour concentrations of CO decreased in 1998 when compared with 1997
and 1996. Yearly variability in CO concentrations is evident from the recent five year
data records (1993-1998), due in part to changes in meteorology and emission source
characteristics. The data, except those from Springfield, show a general decrease in
the concentration of CO over this period.
In 1996 Massachusetts discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring at all but one site in Boston,
because air quality levels were well below the NAAQS and at the lowest levels of
method detection. The maximum quarterly average at the Kenmore Square site in
Boston was 0.03 ug/m 3 or 2% of the NAAQS. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) measurements
were made at thirteen monitoring sites throughout the Commonwealth. The highest
annual average concentrations were recorded in the Metropolitan Boston area,
Worcester, and Springfield. The lowest concentrations were recorded at the rural sites,
Quabbin Summit and Newbury-Plum Island. The Kenmore Square monitor recorded
the highest 1998 average annual NO 2 concentrations of 0.031 ppm NO 2 . Both rural
sites recorded average annual concentrations of 0.006 ppm. Yearly variability for the
Massachusetts average annual NO 2 data is small and no upward or downward trend is
evident for the sites, over the past five years.
Sixteen ozone monitoring sites were operated and maintained during the 1998 summer
ozone season. Three monitoring sites recorded ozone concentrations above the 1-hour
NAAQS for ozone. Ozone concentrations recorded during 1998 were generally lower
than those recorded in 1997. This may be due to the cooler and wetter summer in
1998. The highest 1-hour ozone concentration was recorded at the Worcester Airport
(0.139 ppm) and the Waltham (0.134 ppm) monitoring sites. For the 8-hour ozone
standard in 1998, ten of the sixteen 03 sites reported a fourth high day of at least 85
ppb. The maximum 8-hour average in 1998 was at the Worcester Airport at 0.123 ppm
Over the most recent five years the maximum concentration of ozone and the
frequency of concentration in excess of the ozone NAAQS has fluctuated. This has
been due to changes in the emissions of ozone precursors and changes in
meteorology.
There are sixteen particulate matter (PM 10 ) monitoring sites in Massachusetts. With the
exception of the Quabbin Summit and Sudbury sites, all of the sites are located within
urban areas of the Commonwealth. The highest annual average concentrations of
29
-------
PM 10 were recorded in Springfield (28 ug/m 3 ), Boston-City Square (32 ug/m 3 ), and
Boston-Kenmore Sq. (26 ug/m 3 ). The highest maximum and second highest maximum
24-hour PM 10 concentrations were recorded at Boston (84 ug/m 3 and 71 ug/m 3 ). In
contrast the lowest average annual concentration was recorded at the Quabbin Summit
(12 ug/m 3 ). Over the past five years the concentrations of PM 10 at the urban sites have
recorded considerable data variability.
Fifteen sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) monitoring sites were operated in Massachusetts during
1998. No exceedance or violation of the annual or 24-hour (primary), nor the 3-hour
(secondary) NAAQS for SO 2 was recorded. The highest short-term (3-hour) SO 2
concentrations were recorded at the Fall River monitoring site (116 ppb). A Boston site
recorded the maximum 24-hour concentration of 40 ppb, while the second maximum
24-hour concentration of 36 ppb was recorded at the Chelsea site. The lowest annual
average SO 2 concentration was recorded in Springfield (4 ppb). The highest annual SO 2
concentration was recorded in Boston-Kenmore (10 ppb). All SO 2 monitoring sites in
Massachusetts showed a general decline in S02 levels over the past five years.
30
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
-------
BERKSHIRE
HAMPDEN
HAMPSHIRE
FRANKLIN
( WORCESTER
I,
/ /
OLD CITY HA l_I MERRIMACK STREET
kOWILL
/
K’
FRANKLIN STREET PARKINO LOT
WORCESTER *“
STATION CENTRAL ST
EAST COLUMBUS AVENUEI
_j -’SPRINOFIELD
3 5
I.-. USER1Y STREET PARKING LOT
SPRINGFIELD
4..
A
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Miles
MASSACIIUSETI’S CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide ((‘0) concentration in ppm for sites in Massachusetts.
‘Flie eight-hour (‘() standard is 9 ppm.
II
‘I
S_I
MIDDLESEX
STREET EAST BOSTON
VISC )N1I STREET LAST BOSTON
BOSTON
1S
NORFOLK
5 10 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE
- ‘- ‘
N
BRISTOL
Uc .ET
-------
MASSACHUSETTS CARBON MONOXIDE
9 - NAAQS9 ppm
8
7
4—
3—
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
---- Springfield E.Columbus Ave.
—. - Boston Kenmore Sq.
- E.Boston Visconti St.
Worcester Central St.
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
OM
SITEID C T CITY
MASSACHUSEUS
COUN1Y ADDRESS
25-013-0016
25-013-2007
25-017-0007
25-025-0002
25-025-0016
25-025-0021
25-025-0038
25-027-0020
25-027-0022
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 SPRINGFIELD
1 SPRINGFIELD
2 LOWELL
2 BOSTON
2 BOSTON
1 BOSTON
1 BOSTON
2 WORCESTER
2 WORCESTER
HAMPDEN
HAMPDEN
MIDDLESEX
SUFFOLK
SUFFOLK
SUFFOLK
SUFFOLK
WORCESTER
WORCESTER
LIBERTY STREET PARKING L
EASTCOLUMBUSAVENUE
OLD CITY HALL MERRIMACK
KENMORE SQUARE, 590 COMM
VISCONT1 STREET, EAST BO
340 BREMAN STREET, EAST
FEDERAL POST OFF BLDG. M
CENTRAL STREET FIRE STAT
FRANKLIN STREET PARKING
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
8306
7839
6614
8372
8395
8355
8212
7491
7767
6.2
5.3
6
5.2
4.1
5.8
4.6
5.9
7.5
6.1
5.2
5.8
4.8
3.9
4.7
4.3
5.1
4.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
4.5
3.6
3.4
2.8
2.7
3.2
4.1
3.9
4.6
3.6
3.4
3:2
2.6
2.6
3.1
3.5
3.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
E
w
6 —h- — —
—
2
S.
S.
-
N
- - - ..
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR 0 MAX 8-HR 085>
YR ORG #088 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METh
-------
(
IUN SET BOULEVARD
— NEWBURY
I
POWO RHORN HILL PARKLANDAVE (LYNN WATER TREATMENT)
I - CHELS A LYNN
0.023 \ / 0.015
FRANKLIN - 340 BREMAN STREET EAST BOSTON
\ r ..A - BOSTON
/ \ ( _..— 0.O28
QUABBIN SUMMIT ( WORCESTER MIDDLESEX • 4 . L KENMORE SQUARE 690 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE
\ -. ‘I _—BOSTON
I — . . . . * . - I3IAEASTPIRSTSTREET
‘I .. . — .— . BOSTON
/ \ . UF1 0.023
IAN DEflSOJII ROAD J k FORCE BASE , • CENTRAL STREE1’FIRE STATiON CENTRAL ST
jCHI u Ee 1 ,, j-., . / WORCESTER NORFOLK
0.01 . I * L. .0.O 19
1 BORDERLAND ST.
1 EASTON
HAMPDEN * LIBERTY STREET PARKING LOT Ioooo
NS PRINOF,ELD I 1 - -
0.020 . •... .
‘ / WESTFIELD STREET, FEEDING HILLS BRISTOL PLYMOUTH
N
FOX BO1*N
CAPE COD
1-
I
j
PI JT(JC! ET
/ I . —,
/ BERKSHIRE
A
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Miles
MASSACI Iii SETTS NITROGEN 1)IOXIE)E
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Massachusetts. The annual
average NO 2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
-------
E
0. -
0 .
z
w
2 0.03
I-
w
I
0.025—
-J
z 0.02—
z
89
--.-- Ware
MASSACHUSETTS NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NAAQS = 0.05 ppm
—4
YEAR
—* - Boston Breman St.
. Worcester
—‘ - Boston Kenmore Sq. —--- Chelsea
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
OM
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR
YR OR #OBS 1ST 2ND
MAX 24-HR ARIT
1ST 2ND MEAN METH
25-001-0002
1 6 TRURO
BARNSTABLE
FOX BOTTOM AREA-CAPE COD
98
001
7159
0.053
0.046
0.004
74
25-005-1005
1 8 EASTON
BRISTOL
1 BORDERLAND ST.
98
001
8201
0.041
0.039
0.008
74
25-009-2006
1 8 LYNN
ESSEX
390 PARKLAND AVE. (LYNN WA
98
001
7347
0.077
0.071
0.015
82
25-009-4004
1 8 NEWBURY
ESSEX
SUNSET BOULEVARD
98
001
8126
0.07
0.039
0.006
74
25-013-0003
1 8 AGAWAM
HAMPDEN
152 SOUTH WESTFIELD STREE
98
001
8061
0.104
0.08
0.011
74
25-013-0008
1 8 CHICOPEE
HAMPDEN
ANDERSON ROAD AIR FORCE B
98
001
8316
0.063
0.058
0.013
82
25-013-0016
1 2 SPRINGFIELD
HAMPDEN
LIBERTY STREET PARKING LOT
98
001
7874
0.086
0.067
0.02
74
25-015-4002
1 . 8 WARE
HAMPSHIRE
QUABBIN SUMMIT
98
001
8321
0.048
0.046
0.006
82
25-025-0002
1 3 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
KENMORE SQUARE. 590 COMM
98
001
8242
0.112
0.107
0.031
82
25-025-0021
1 1 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
340 BREMAN STREET. EAST BO
98
001
8371
0.083
0.078
0.028
74
25-025-0040
1 4 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
531A EAST FIRST STREET
98
005
8252
0.092
0.082
0.023
74
25-025-1003
1 1 CHELSEA
SUFFOLK
POWDER HORN HILL
98
001
8479
0.091
0.085
0.023
74
25-027-0020
? INDICATES
1 2 WORCESTER
THAT ThE MEAN DOES
WORCESTER
NOT SA11SFY SUM
CENTRAL STREET FIRE STAT1O
MARY CRITERIA
98
001
7771
0.078
0.065
0.019
74
- - — — * —7 — —*..
N
— .*-___ - - —0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
MASSACHUSETTS
ADDRESS
34
-------
sio ow PARK
- - -. ,Q ARKLA? O AVE (I.YNN WATER T*EATMSNT)
* I FRANKLIN WORCESTER / ‘- - MIDDLESEX
SUMMIT .
/ 0 $1. U.MM$ PATHOI.OOY OEP ’ RD GREAT MEA W$ NAT WILDUPE
•1 BERKSHIRE / *
I * ‘- -— ( J JTARV RES!RVA11ON—
H.
HAMPSHIRE - • .•) ç
—- ‘ * -
I / / iiA?I i SUMMIT - (
/ 7 f- c i .— ‘/ fl NRPORT
r-’ HAMPOEN E N P RCE E NORFOLK/. ’
? 2I UTHWE9TFIEIO8TREET,FEED4NOHILI.0 ) ‘* .
\0 * I
L i —...-. — - - .--.- .- .--.- --‘ N
[ BRISTOL \ PLYMOUTH
A
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Miles
öI8TTON AREA-CN’L COD NAn. SEASHORE
I
)/\
NA TUC4ET
MASSACI IUSETTS OZONE
Number of’ ozone exceedance days for sites in Massachusetts.
“ ‘ — - J OULEVARO
/
-------
0
0
I ’ ,
c. J
C /)
w
-J
>
>-
-J
0
LL
0
w
03
z
OZONE(4420 1)
6—
4—
2
0
p
OM
SITEID C T cir ’
COUNTY
MASSACHUSETTS OZONE
I
--.--- Fairhaven
— - Agawam
YEAR
MASSACHUSETTS
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP30
ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
MIS
VAUD DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM DAY
REP
NUM
NUM
—MAXIMUM
VAt
S>12 ASU
YR ORG
MEA
REQ 1ST 2ND
3RD 4TH ME
EST STAN MET
25-001.0002
1 6 TRURO
BARNSTABLE
FOX BOTTOM AREA-
98
001
177
183
0.119
0.103
0.098
0.096
0
0
6
87
25-003-4002
1 2 ADAMS
BERKSHIRE
MT. GREYLOCK SUM
98
001
129
183
0.082
0.078
0.076
0.075
0
0
2
87
25-005-1002
1 2 FAIRIIAVEN
BRISTOL
LEROY WOOD SCHOO
98
001
179
183
0.11
0.101
0.1
0.098
0
0
4
87
25-005-1005
1 7 EASTON
BRISTOL
1 BORDERLAND ST.
98
001
168
183
0.115
0.107
0.104
0.103
0
0
5
87
25-009-0005
1 1 LAWRENCE
ESSEX
HIGH STREET, STO
98
001
180
183
0.102
0.096
0.095
0.094
0
0
3
87
25-009-2006
1 8 LYNN
ESSEX
390 PARKLAND AVE
98
001
176
183
0.121
0.113
0.11
0.109
0
0
2
87
25-009-4004
1 7 NEWBURY
ESSEX
SUNSET BOULEVARD
98
001
174
183
0.117
0.108
0.106
0.101
0
0
8
87
25-013-0003
1 8 AGAWAM
HAMPDEN
152 SOUTH WESTFI
98
001
179
183
0.104
0.094
0.094
0.091
0
0
4
87
25-013-0008
1 7 CHICOPEE
HAMPDEN
ANDERSON ROADA!
98
001
172
183
0.117
0.115
0.108
0.105
0
0
3
87
25-015-0103
1 2 AMHERST
HAMPSHIRE
NORTH PLEASANT S
98
001
177
183
0.112
0.111
0.102
0.091
0
0
3
87
25-015-4002
1 7 WARE
HAMPSHIRE
QUABBIN SUMMIT
98
001
175
183
0.128
0.117
0.116
0.108
1
1
7
87
25-017-1102
1 2 STOW
MIDDLESEX
US MILITARY RESE
98
001
177
183
0.115
0.114
0.105
0.105
0
0
2
87
25-017-1801
1 1 SUDBURY
MIDDLESEX
WATER ROW RD GRE
98
001
175
183
0.118
0.1
0.098
0.096
0
0
4
0
25-017-4003
1 2 WALTHAM
MIDDLESEX
BEAVER STREET
98
001
181
183
0.134
0.113
0.109
0.108
1
1
2
87
25-025-1003
1 1 CHELSEA
SUFFOLK
POWDER HORN HILL
98
001
166
183
0.105
0.096
0.095
0.095
0
0
6
87
25-027-0015
1 1 WORCESTER
WORCESTER
WORCESTERAIRPOR
98
001
178
183
0.139
0124
0.123
0.115
1
1
4
87
OZONE(4 .4201)
P
OM
SITE ID C T CI Y
COUNTY ADDRESS
MASSACHUSETTS
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
REP NUM NUM
YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST
UNITS: 007 PPM
8-Hour Average
—MAXIMUM--——-
2ND 3RD 4TH METH
25-001-0002
1 6 TRURO
BARNSTABLE
FOX BOTTOM AREA-
98
001
177
183
110
86
84
84
87
25-003-4002
1 2 ADAMS
BERKSHIRE
MT. GREYLOCK SUM
98
001
129
183
76
74
73
69
87
25-005-1002
1 2 FAIRHAVEN
BRISTOL
LEROY WOOD SCHOO
98
001
179
183
99
87
84
83
87
25-005-1005
1 7 EASTON
BRISTOL
1 BORDERLAND ST.
98
001
168
183
105
91
90
88
87
25-009-0005
1 1 LAWRENCE
ESSEX
HIGH STREET. STO
98
001
180
183
88
81
77
76
87
25-009-2006
1 8 LYNN
ESSEX
390 PARKLAND AVE
98
001
176
183
108
105
103
100
87
25-009-4004
1 7 NEWBURY
ESSEX
SUNSET BOULEVARD
98
001
174
183
103
96
96
89
87
25-013-0003
1 8 AGAWAM
HAMPDEN
152 SOUTH WESTFI
98
001
179
183
93
82
81
80
87
25-013-0008
1 7 CHICOPEE
HAMPDEN
ANDERSON ROAD Al
98
001
172
183
104
102
97
93
S
25-015-0103
1 2 AMHERST
HAMPSHIRE
NORTH PLEASANT S
98
001
177
183
100
96
83
81
87
25-015-4002
1 7 WARE
HAMPSHIRE
QUABBIN SUMMIT
98
001
175
183
110
102
101
93
87
25-017-1102
1 2 STOW
MIDDLESEX
US MILITARY RESE
98
001
177
183
109
98
90
90
87
25-017-1801
1 1 SUDBURY
MIDDLESEX
WATER ROW RD GRE
98
001
175
183
104
91
86
85
0
25-017-4003
1 2 WALTHAM
MIDDLESEX
BEAVER STREET
98
001
181
183
116
100
99
98
87
25-025-1003
1 1 CHELSEA
SUFFOLK
POWDER HORN HILL
98
001
166
183
95
88
88
87
87
25-027-0015
1 1 WORCESTER
WORCESTER
WORCESTER AIRPOR
123
109
103
97
87
98
36
001 178 183
I
I
/
I
NAAQS 1 day >=
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
Chicopee
-------
(
c
FRANKLIN
WORCESTER
M T IThIUT
20
A
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Mile.
riri -
.1 I L
/ BERKSHIRE / - -
/ / QU BIN SUMMIT
/ ‘ -,‘ ‘ HAMPSHIRE
/ ! / //
/ HAMPDEN I 4EPI VAN DEEMS ST
AVENUE
LJ
MASSACIIIJSE’IFS PM 0
Annual average PM 10 concentration in ug/nY f’or sites in Massachusetts. The annual average PM 10 standard
is 50 ug/rn 1 .
STREET EAST SOSTON
23
‘ c 1 17 SQUARE CILARLUSTOWN
t)4IZ UMUUS AVENUE
21
KENMORE SQUARE ISO COMMONWEALTH AV NLW
BOSTON
2 5
NA1VTUCI’ ET
(ESSEX
IIt I TSTONROW PARK
MIDDLESEX (
I . ,
RD GREAT MEADOWS NAT WItŘLWE
L.1
t
CENTRAL FIRE STA11ON 155 BEDFORD STREET
PALL RIVI!
IS
YMCA 21 WATER STREET
NEW SEOFORD
IS
-------
30
MASSACHUSETTS PM1O
c )
E 28
z
Lu 26
0
I-
24
I
1-
< 22
Lu
I-
I
O 20
u - i
18
NAAQS = 50 uglrn3
YEAR
-a— Springfield
-.•— Ware
—A - Boston Kenmore Sq.
Charlestown
Worcester Washingt
-a-- Springfield
—•— Ware
—A- Boston Kenmore Sq.
—€— Charlestown
-.- — Worcester Wash ingt
PM-iC TOTAL 0-bUM (81102)
P
SITE ID
MASSACHUSETTS UNITS: 001 U(. /L.U M i
SCHEDULED WTD
0 M REP NUM NUM % NUM —MAXIMUM VALUES— VALS> 150 ARIT
C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG OBS OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH MEA EST EAN METH
25-005-2004 1 2 NEW BEDFOR BRISTOL YMCA, 25 WA 98 001 60 60 95 63 51 42 30 28
25-005-3001 1 2 FALL RIVER BRISTOL CENTRAL FIR 98 001 59 59 94 63 81 44 40 35
25-009-0005 1 2 LAWRENCE ESSEX HIGH STREET 98 001 54 50 79 63 41 39 33 32
25-013-0011 2 2 SPRINGFIEL HAMPDEN 59 HOWARD S 98 001 57 55 87 63 51 50 44 43
25-013-2007 1 1 SPRINGFIEL HAMPDEN EAST COLUM 98 001 59 59 94 63 77 62 53 51
25-013-2007 3 3 SPRINGFIEL HAMPDEN EAST COLUM 98 001 58 58 92 63 89 62 60 56
25-013-5003 1 2 WEST SPRIN HAMPDEN W. SPRINGFIE 98 001 58 58 92 63 65 47 40 40
25-015-4002 1 2 WARE HAMPSHIRE QUABBIN SU 98 001 70 70 57 63 36 35 28 28
25-017-1 801 1 2 SUDBURY MIDDLESEX WATER ROW 98 001 56 56 89 63 71 40 37 35
25-021-0007 1 2 QUINCY NORFOLK HANCOCK ST 98 001 48 47 75 63 60 34 33 31
25-025-0002 1 1 BOSTON SUFFOLK KENMORE SQ 98 001 58 58 92 63 72 51 43 43
25-025-0012 1 1 BOSTON SUFFOLK 115 SOUTHAM 98 001 50 47 75 63 67 64 59 57
25-025-0012 2 3 BOSTON SUFFOLK 115 SOUTHAM 98 001 30 27 43 63 69 44 42 39
25-025-0021 1 2 BOSTON SUFFOLK 340 BREMAN 98 001 52 48 76 63 52 49 44 41
25-025-0024 1 1 BOSTON SUFFOLK 200 COLUMBU 98 001 49 45 71 63 63 57 56 56
25-025-0027 1 1 BOSTON SUFFOLK ONE CITY SQ 98 001 59 54 86 63 84 71 66 62
25-025-0027 3 3 BOSTON SUFFOLK ONE CITY SQ 98 001 31 29 46 63 82 59 59 58
25-027-0013 1 2 WORCESTER WORCESTER 419 BELMONT 98 001 54 54 86 63 87 50 49 43
25-027-0016 1 1 WORCESTER WORCESTER 2 WASHINGT 98 001 51 51 81 63 48 37 35 32
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
38
0 0 16 62
0 0 18 63
0 0 15? 62
0 0 21? 63
0 0 26 63
0 0 28 63
0 0 20 63
0 0 12? 62
0 0 15 63
0 0 16? 62
0 0 26 63
0 0 27? 62
0 0 28? 62
0 0 23? 63
0 0 27? 64
0 0 31 54
0 0 34? 64
0 0 20 64
0 0 18? 0
65
NAAQS = 150 ug/m3
If —
it
E
0)
2. 60
u - i
-J
> 55
0
=
45
40
0
0
u - i
C l)
I/c
“, -
4-
I I I I I I I I I I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
I I I I I I I I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
-------
)
/ FRANKLIN
\
I I
(
BERKSHIRE f
I biiARBIN SI JMMT (
HAMPSHIRE
//
‘ • .r ‘ /
I
U E T !ET PARKING Lor 4 HAMPDEN
-.—.-._.-•-.-1 f’-’ Q R ETsuaaTATioN
A
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 MOos
MASSACHUSETTS SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Massachusetts. The annual average
SO 2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
HIGH STRUT STORROW PANK/
WMNC! \
.ooe
MIDDLESEX -
c &Wo HILL
L t 0.00$
WORCESTER /
STREET EAST BOSTON
531A EAST PIRST STREET
_ g JON
TO HARBOR
0.006
:oLk W. RNSTREET DORCHESTER
0.00S
COMMONWEALTh AVENUE
TT4T
-------
NAAQS = 0.14 ppm
E
0 .
0
MASSACHUSETTS SULFUR DIOXIDE
z
L i i u.ul
0
I-
w
I
I—
0.005 — —— .
YEAR
0
NJAAQS = 0.03 ppm
0.015 -- - —- —
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
-— Fall River Ware
— — Lawrence —I.-- Boston Kenmore
- Springfield Longhill St. —u— Worcester
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
OM
SITE ID C I CITY
COUNTY
ADDRESS
-- Fall River —- Ware
—‘ — Lawrence —— Boston Kenmore
- Springfield Longhill St. —— Worcester
MASSACHUSETTS UNITS: 007 PPM
OBS OBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
25-005-1004 1 1 FALL RIVER
BRISTOL
GLOBE STREET
98
001
8467
0.026
0.024
0
0.116
0.07
0
0.183
0.146
0.005
77
25-009-0005 1 1 LAWRENCE
ESSEX
HIGH STREET. STOR
98
001
8106
0.032
0.031
0
0.065
0.057
0
0.088
0.085
0 008
60
25-009-5004 1 4 HAVERHILL
ESSEX
NETTLE SCHOOL. BO
98
002
733
0012
0.011
0
0.022
0.022
0
0.027
0.024
0.005
9
25-013-0016 1 1 SPRINGFIELD
HAMPDEN
LIBERTY STREET PA
98
001
7984
0.02
0.019
0
0.029
0.027
0
0.065
0.037
0.004
0
25-013-1009 1 1 SPRINGFIELD
HAMPOEN
LONGHILL STREET S
98
001
7951
0.03
0.026
0
0 045
0.038
0
0.054
0.047
0.005
0
25-015-4002 1 2 WARE
HAMPSHIRE
QUABBIN SUMMIT
98
001
8506
0 022
0.016
0
0.029
0.029
0
0.053
0.035
0.005
61
25-017-1701 1 4 STONEHAM
MIDDLESEX
HILL STREET
98
025
7894
0 025
0.024
0
0.066
0,066
0
0.125
0.085
0.007
9
25-017-4003 1 1 WALTHAJA
MIDDLESEX
BEAVER STREET
98
001
8467
0.023
0.019
0
0 049
0 047
0
0.098
0.069
0.005
61
25-025-0002 1 1 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
KENMORE SQUARE,
98
001
8522
0.031
0.026
0
0.054
0 049
0
0.094
0.092
0 01
61
25-025-001 1 4 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
LONG ISLAND. BOST
98
005
8353
0.019
0.018
0
0 045
0043
0
0.07
0.062
0.005
60
25-025-0020 1 4 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
DEWAR STREET, DO
98
005
8350
0 025
0.023
0
0.06
0.06
0
0.069
0.067
0.006
60
25-025-0021 1 1 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
340 BREMAN STREE
98
001
8553
0.024
0.023
0
0.054
0.046
0
0.066
0.064
0.008
60
25-025-0021 2 4 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
340 BREMAN STREE
98
005
8294
0 019
0.018
0
0 038
0.036
0
0.056
0.052
3 006
60
25-025-0040
1 4 BOSTON
SUFFOLK
531A EAST FIRSTS
98
005
6330
0.04
0.036
0
0.086
0.079
0
0.098
0.097
0.008
60
25-025-1003
1 1 CHELSEA
SUFFOLK
POWDER HORN HILL
98
001
8624
0 036
0.025
0
0.055
0.051
0
0.085
0.084
0.006
60
25-027-0020
‘INDICATES T
1 1 WORCESTER
HAT THE MEAN DO
WORCESTER
ES NOT SATiSFY
CENTRAL STREET Fl
SUMMARY CRITERLA
98
001
8433
0 022
0.017
0
0 043
0.032
0
0.053
0.047
0.005
60
— 0.07
E
i:;’ 0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
z
0
0
u- I
(SI) 0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
\
40
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE SUMMARY
In 1988, there were no exceedances or violations to the 8-hour or 1-hour NAAQSs at
either of the two carbon monoxide monitoring (CO) sites in the state. This is the
second year in a row with no exceedances. The last exceedance of the 8-hour carbon
monoxide NAAQS was in 1996 with Manchester reporting a value of 13.5 ppm. Nashua
reported the highest second maximum 8-hour average in 1998 of 5.3 ppm or 59% of
the NAAQS. The five year trends show that CO levels are relatively stable with some
year to year fluctuations.
In 1996 New Hampshire discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring, because air quality levels
were well below the NAAQS and at the lowest levels of method detection. In 1998
nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) monitoring was performed at three sites. The site in Manchester
measured the maximum NO 2 annual average of 15 ppb or 30% of the NAAQS. There
have been no significant trends for NO 2 in the last five years.
None of the twelve ozone (03) sites operating in New Hampshire reported violations to
the 1-hour NAAQS in 1998. The Rye Harbor site reported the highest daily maximum 1-
hour value of 0.121 ppm or 97% of the standard. Last year three sites reported
exceedances or violations to the ozone 1-hour NAAQS, in 1996 no sites reported levels
above this standard and in 1995 only the Rye Harbor site reported an exceedance. For
the 8-hour ozone standard in 1998, one of the twelve 03 sites reported a fourth high
day of at least 85 ppb. The maximum 8-hour average in 1998 was in Rye Harbor at
0.100 ppm
None of the thirteen Particulate Matter (with a mass mean diameters of less than 10
microns) (PM 10 ) sites in New Hampshire had any exceedances or violations of the
annual or 24-hour NAAQS for PM 10 in 1998 or in 1997. The highest 24 hour values
were reported at Keene with a highest second maximum value of 57 ug/m 3 . The
maximum annual average was in Berlin with a reported concentration of 30 ug/m 3
Over the past five years all PM 10 monitoring sites have recorded particulate matter
concentrations below the annual and the 24-hour NAAQS. Yearly variability in the data
is common, in part determined by meteorology, transport of particulate matter from
distant sources, and changes in the emission strength of local sources.
There were no exceedances or violations reported at any of the 11 sulfur dioxide (SO 2 )
sites in 1998. The highest annual arithmetic mean was reported in Manchester at 7
ppb or 23% of the NAAQS. Northumberland (Groveton) reported the highest 24-hour
second maximum of 46 ppb or 33% of the standard, and Pembroke reported
the highest 3-hour second maximum of 147 ppb or 29% of NAAQS. The SO 2 five year
data showed no significant trends.
41
-------
C
COOS
‘\\ I
/
- \_
GRAFTON
— — ‘Ľ 8EL .KNAP
/
CARROLL
i_ •\..
N
‘S.,.
• 5 — J
SUWVAN/ N. /
MERRIMACK I ‘ .STRAFFORD
I N
\ \.
I / [ N
7
- i OCKINGHAM
HILLSBOROUGH -
CHESHIRE • -
iNSTETMATAZ OBULDlNG A
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
NEW HAMPSHIRE CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in New
Hampshire. The eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
42
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE CARBON MONOXIDE
uJ
9
8
7—fl
6-
5
4—
E
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
SITEID C T CITY
NAAQS9 ppm
3
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
• Manchester, Bridge St.
--.--- Nashua
NEW HAMPSHIRE
OM
COUNTY ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR 0 MAX 8-HR OBS>
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METH
33-011-0018 1 2 MANCHESTER
33-011-1009 1 2 NASHUA
HILLSBOROUGH 20 BRIDGE STREET
HILLSBOROUGH 25 MAIN STREET, MATARAZZ
43
98 001
98 001
8341 8
8 0 4.8
3.6
0
11
8534 20
11 0 5.5
5.3
0
11
I
I
— I
---4
-------
- I
COOS
\\ I
c U J
‘S
GRAFTON CARROLL
i--I,
N
/ --
, BELKNAP
/
‘ SULLIVAN
MERRIMACK I’ TRAFFORD
/ 0.012
N
c; \
— HARP4E PARK MUNICIPAL PARXING LOT
— — MANCPI TER
* OUTH ROAD BREN1 NOOD
\ROCK!NGHAM
CHESHIRE • HILLSBOROUGH N
/ A
5 0 5 10 15 20Mi es
- -- --J- --
NEW HAMPSHIRE NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO:) concentration in ppm for sites in New Hampshire. The annual
average NO., standard is 0.05 ppm.
44
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0.03 —-—--- - _____ — ____________ _____________
E P
NAAQS 0.05 ppm
0.02
I
< 0.01
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
----• Manchester
2 Portsmouth
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602) NEW HAMPSHIRE UNITS: 007 PPM
P
0 M REP MAX 1-HR MAX 24-HR ARIT
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR OR #OBS 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
33-011-0016 1 2 MANCHESTER HILLSBOROUGH HARNETTPARK,MUNICIPALPA 98 001 5435 0.062 0.057 0.015 14
33-015-0009 1 2 PORTSMOUTH ROCKINGHAM VAUGHAN STREET 98 001 8454 0.062 0.057 0.012 14
33-015-0013 1 3 ROCKINGHAM SOUTH ROAD BREN1WOOD NH 98 001 6056 0.071 0.049 .005’ 14
45
-------
HILLSBOROUGH
SANDERS SSOCIATE PARKlNGLOTD’-
NEW HAMPSHIRE OZONE
ROCHESTER HILL
ROCHESTER
VAUGHAN STREET
N TRAFFORd PORTSMOUTH
0
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in New Hampshire.
46
.2
/
COOS
I /
HAVERHILL
\ ‘
7 CARROLL
/ *
KANKAMAUGUS HIGHWAY
CONWAY
GRAFTON
LACONIA MUNICIPAL
. N iLACONIA
c / N
* - /
SOUTH StR EET—/ BELKNAP / \ i 1
CLAREMONT /
* I MERRIMACK
7 STORRS STREET
I SULLIVAN CONCORD
7 HARN TT P KM UNICIPAL PARI ING LOT
— f4ANCHESTtK / :._--
RAILROAD STREEt RYE HARBOR AZE KOQ AN BLVD,RTE. 1A
SOUTH ROAD BRETWOOD
* ROCKINGHAM
CHESHIRE \ROCKINGHA M 0 5 10 15 20
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE OZONE
‘I
/ \ ‘t
/ /
/
/ \‘ /
,a / *
/ , / \ \\ / /
/ ,
/ ,
1’ S. I
/ S. 1/
-4
--.--- Nashua
—.— Portsmouth
Rye
NEW HAMPSHIRE UNITS: 007 PPM
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
OZONE(44201)
P
OM
SITEID C T CITY
COUNTY
NEW HAMPSHIRE
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
ADDRESS
REP NUM NUM
YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST
UNITS: 007 PPM
8-Hour Average
—MAXIMUM—
2ND 3RD 4TH METH
3 --i
2
ft
I’
F
I
0 0———
A
I’
I’
\
/ ‘
NAA 1 day >=/25 m
/ — - -—
/
/
F
F
‘ _1
0
I C)
.12 ASU
ME EST STAN MET
33-001-2003
1 2 LACONIA
BELKNAP
LACONIA MUNICIPA
98
001
182
183
0.078
0.072
0.071
0.071
0
0
1
1
11
11
33-003-1002
1 2 CONWAY
CARROLL
KANKAMAUGUS HIGH
98
001
182
183
0.078
0.078
0.077
0.076
0
3
ii
33-005-0007
1 2 KEENE
CHESHIRE
RAILROAD STREET
98
001
180
183
0.091
0.085
0.085
0.082
0
33-009-0008
1 2 HAVERHILL
GRAFTON
HAVERHILL ARMORY
98
001
176
183
0.088
0.086
0.084
0.082
0
0
0
5
11
33-011-0016
1 2 MANCHESTER
HILLSBOROLJG
HARNETTPARK,MU
98
001
176
183
0.089
0.078
0.075
0.073
0
2
11
33-011-1010
1 2 NASHUA
HILLSBOROUG
SANDERSASSOCIAT
98
001
180
183
0.111
0.1
0.1
0.084
0
0
3
11
33-013-0007
1 2 CONCORD
MERRIMACK
STORRS STREET
98
001
178
183
0.097
0.088
0.103
0
0
4
11
33-015-0009
1 1 PORTSMOUTh
ROCKINGHAM
VAUGHAN STREET
98
001
179
183
0.112
0.108
0
2
11
33-015-0012
1 2 RYE
ROCKINGHAM
RYE HARBOR STATE
98
001
181
183
0.121
0.118
0.096
33-015-0013
1 3
ROCKINGI-IAM
SOUTH ROAD BRENT
98
001
176
183
0.08
0.078
0.078’
0.078
0
0
0
0
6
1
11
11
33-017-3002
1 2 ROCHESTER
STRAFFORD
ROCHESTER HILL R
98
001
174
183
0.107
0.092
0.089
0.078
0.072
0
0
2
11
33-019-0003
1 2 CLAREMONT
SULLIVAN
SOUTH STREET
98
001
181
183
0.093
33-001-2003
1 2 LACONIA
BELKNAP
LACONIA MLJNICIPA
98
001
182
183
70
73
66
72
64
70
64
68
11
11
33-003-1002
1 2 CONWAY
CARROLL
KANKAMAUGUS HIGH
98
001
182
183
85
75
75
73
33-005-0007
1 2 KEENE
CHESHIRE
RAILROAD STREET
98
001
180
183
81
77
76
76
11
33-009-0008
1 2 1-IAVERHILL
GRAFTON
HAVERHILLARMORY
98
001
176
183
74
66
65
63
11
33-011-0016
1 2 MANCHESTER
HILLSBOROUG
HARNETT PARK. MU
98
001
176
183
96
89
86
84
11
33-011-1010
1 2 NASHUA
HILLSBOROUG
SANDERS ASSOCLkT
98
001
180
183
84
77
74
74
11
33-013-0007
1 2 CONCORD
MERRIMACK
STORRS STREET
98
001
178
94
93
93
54
11
33-015-0009
1 1 PORTSMOUTH
ROCKINGHAM
VAUGHAN STREET
98
001
179
183
100
99
86
85
11
33-015-0012
1 2 RYE
ROCKINGHAM
RYE HARBOR STATE
98
001
181
183
74
71
67
67
11
33-015-0013
1 3
ROCKINGHAM
SOUTH ROAD BRENT
98
001
176
183
82
80
79
79
11
33-017-3002
33-019-0003
1 2 ROCHESTER
1 2 CLAREMONT
STRAFFORD
SULLIVAN
ROCHESTER HILL R
SOUTh STREET
98
98
001
001
174
181
183
183
75
72
70
67
11
47
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE PM 0
COOS
c ROUTES 110 AND 3 COVERED BRIDGE GROVET
NORTHUMBERLAND-
V
ATES HILL RD
- BERLIN
• 12
,0
TER STREET TRAILER
BERUN
30
Annual average PM 10 concentration in ugm 3 for sites in New Hampshire. The annual average PM,,
standard is 50 ug/m 3 .
GRAFTON
/
‘ /
SOUTH STREET MT. SUNAPEE
CLAREMONT ‘NEWBURY
18 • ‘—10’
MERRIMACK
\‘..
\.\ (
CARROLL
\.
N
\.
BELKNAP
N.
‘ .
-N
STRAFFORb -. ,
CENTRALAV
, DOVER
NO. STATE HOUSE
CONCORD
17
*
I SULLIVAN
RAILROAD STREET
KEENE
26
*
\
/
VAUGHAN STREET
PORTSMOUTH
19j
I
/
351 CHESTNUT$TREET POLICE STATION
MANCHESTER’ -
18
HILLSBOROIJGH ‘ ROCKINGHAM
SANDERS ASSOCIATES PARK NG LOT D
NASHUA . - - -
20
MAIN STREET
NASHUA’N .
CHESHIRE 19 ‘ -\
! LA RD t NTARYSOOiN I
A
5 0 5 10 15 20Mi s
48
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE PMIO
140 - NI AQS 150 ug/m3
120- ‘
> -l
I’
100
80-n
\ ,.——.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
40-1%
4
E
SJ
z
30 -i
0
15-i
SCHEDULED wrD
0 M REP NUM NUM % NUM —MAXIMUM VALUES— VALS >150 MIT
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG OBS OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH MEA EST EAN METH
33-005-0007 1 2 KEENE CHESHIRE RAILROAD ST 98 1
33-007-0014 1 2 BERLIN COOS LANCASTER S 98 902
33-007-0014 2 3 BERLIN COOS LANCASTER S 98 902
33-007-0019 1 2 BERLIN COOS CATES HILL R 98 902
33-007-1007 1 2 NORThUMBE COOS ROUTES 110 98 902
33-011-0015 1 1 MANCHESTE HILLSBOROU 351 CHESTNU 98 1
33-011-0015 3 3 MANCHESTE HILLSBOROU 351 CHESTNU 98 1
33-011-1007 1 2 NASHUA HILLSBOROU MAIN STREET 98 1
33-011-1010 1 2 NASHUA HILLSBOROU SANDERSAS 98 1
33-011-2001 1 2 HOWS HILLSBOROU RTE. 122, SILV 98 1
33-013-0003 1 2 CONCORD MERRIMACK NO. STATE H 98 1
33-013-5001 1 3 MERRIMACK MT. SUNAPEE 98 1
33-015-0009 1 .2 PORTSMOUT ROCKINGHAM VAUGHAN ST 98 1
33-017-0001 1 2 DOVER STRAFFORD CENTRAL AVE 8 1
33-019-0003 1 2 CLAREMONT SULLIVAN SOUTH STRE 98 1
33-019-0003 2 3 CLAREMONT SULLIVAN SOUTH STRE 98 1
? INDICATES THAT ThE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
57 57 90 63 58 57 56 43
15 15 100 15 90 49 48 37
15 15 100 15 61 56 41 38
14 14 93 15 27 26 22 12
53 53 84 63 51 47 40 38
46 46 73 63 54 28 27 27
43 43 68 63 54 38 29 29
58 57 90 63 54 50 34 32
49 49 78 63 46 42 35 31
47 47 75 63 43 33 32 27
51 51 81 63 36 35 30 3O
50 50 79 63 51 29 24 21
57 57 90 63 53 43 32 29
57 57 90 63 56 35 30 29
45 44 70 63 34 33 31 26
54 54 86 63 46 35 34 34
0 024? 64
0 030? 64
0 030? 62
0 012? 64
0 020? 64
0 015? 6.4
0 016? 64
o 0 16 64
0 017? 64
0 014? 64
o 016? 64
0 09? 64
0 017? 64
o o 15 64
0 016? 64
0 016? 64
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
k
% .9
— — -I
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
---- Berlin Lancaster St.
—.— Manchester
. Portsmouth
PM-b TOTAL 0-1OUM (81102)
P
10—
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
-u- Berlin Lancaster St.
—.— Manchester
—I— Portsmouth
UNITS: 001 UG/GU MEl ER (2 )
49
-------
COOS
ROUTES 110 AND 3 COVERED BRIDGE GROVET
.‘ NORTHUMBERLAND
¶ 0.005 ,/
CATES HILt. RD
BERLIN
0.003
5/
SOUTH TREET
CLAREMONT
0.004
-I
* /
:‘ SULLIVAN \
RAILROAD STREET
KEENE
0.0O6
7
OFr HUTCHINS ST. TOWN OF SUCCESS
BERLIN
0.003
\ * if,
HARNETT PARI MUNICIPAL PARKING LOT
MANCHESTER -
0.007
HILLSBOROUGH \
NEW HAMPSHIRE SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in New Hampshire. The annual average
SO 2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
1
r
CARROLL
-s
GRAFTON
\ s-..
ç L
7
N
, N
.5 \ ,
. BELKNAP
MERRIMACK
STORRSS EET
CONCORD
(‘
PEMBROKE HILL BRICKET HILL ROAD
PEMBROKE
0.005
STRAFFORD
ROCKINGI-/AM
* —. 25 MAIN STREET MATARAZZO BUILDING
NASHUA
0.005
CHESHIRE
SANDERS ASSOCIATES-PAR G LOT D
SNASHUA KIN ,
VAUGHAN STREET
. /PORTSMOUTH
/0.004
N /
•1
I
5 0 510 15 2OMiIes
50
-------
NEW HAMPSHIRE SULFUR DIOXIDE
NAAOS 0.14 ppm
0.01
0.009 - i—- -*
-
. 0.008
I
z
0.007-
0.006— *
J 0.005-$”
0.004-
0.003-
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
Nashua, Main St.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
ADDRESS
SITE ID C T CITY’ COUNTY
0.002—
0.001
NAAQS 0.O3ppm
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
-u- Berlin, Cates Hill —*- Manchester
—.-- Northumberland Nashua, Main St.
OBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX 3-HR
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND
OBS
> MAX 1-HR ARIT
ST 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
YEAR
UNITS: 007 PPM
33-005-0007 1 2 KEENE CHESHIRE
RAILROAD STREET
98
001
8426
•0.026
0.023
0
0.051
0.047
0
0.057
0.057
0.006
23
33-007-0019 1 2 BERLIN COOS
CATES HILL RD
98
902
5753
0.027
0.022
0
0.08
0.064
0
0.103
0.094
.003?
20
33-007-0022 1 2 BERLIN COOS
OFF HUTCHINS ST.,
98
902
5714
0.019
0.017
0
0.078
0.07
0
0.141
0.105
.003?
20
33-007.1007 1 2 NORTHUMBERL coos
ROUTES 110 AND 3,
98
004
8411
0.047
0.046
0
0.225
0.118
0
0.271
0.232
0.005
23
33-011-0016 1 1 MANCHESTER. HILLSBOROUG
HARNETT PARK, MU
98
001
7949
0.033
0.027
0
0.062
0.059
0
0.099
0.093
0.007
23
33-011-1009 1 2 NASHUA HILLSBOROUG
25 MAIN STREET, M
98
001
8493
0.02
0.017
0
0.048
0.034
0
0.065
0.061
0.005
23
33-011-1010 1 2 NASHUA HILLSBOROUG
SANDERS ASSOCIAT
98
001
8453
0.015
0.014
0
0.046
0.027
0
0.06
0.052
0.004
23
33-013-0007 1 2 CONCORD MERRIMACK
STORRS STREET
98
001
8217
0.032
0.016
0
0.107
0.066
0
0.128
0.118
0.004
23
33-013-1003 1 2 PEMBROKE MERRIMACK
PEMBROKE HILL, BR
98
001
8293
0.051
0.043
0
0.147
0.146
0
0.216
0.214
0.005
23
33-015-0009 1 2 PORTSMOUTH ROCKINGHAM
VAUGHAN STREET
98
001
8163
0.022
0.016
0
0.063
0.055
0
0.161
0.121
0.004
23
33-019.0003 1 2 CLAREMONT SULLIVAN
SOUTH STREET
98
001
8285
0.024
0.018
0
0.058
0.043
0
0.066
0.066
0.004
23
0.05
w
0.04-
-I
0.03-i
0.02 -
0
z
0
0
w
U)
p 4
/
A
S.,,-
,
S.
S.
S.
‘V
*
/\
*— -*— * —*‘
0——-——------- -—
/\
YEAR
-u- Berlin, Cates Hill
—.— Northumberland
—*- Manchester
P
OM
51
-------
RHODE ISLAND SUMMARY
Neither of the two carbon monoxide (CO) monitors exceeded or violated the 1-hour or
8-hour NAAQS. The Dorrance Street site in Providence reported the highest 8-hour
second maximum value of 4.7 ppm or 52% of the NAAQS. This value was lower than
the highest second maximum 8-hour average reported in 1997 of 5.6 ppm at this site.
The photochemical assessment monitoring station (PAMS) in East Providence was
operated for the entire calendar year in 1998 and had a second maximum value of 2.8
ppm or 31% of the NAAQS. The five-year trend graph shows that CO levels are
relatively stable.
Rhode Island has discontinued lead (Pb) monitoring in the state due to the extremely
low lead concentrations monitored over the past few years. in 1998, three sites
monitored for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). Two of these sites were photochemical
assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) operated during the summer season. None of
the sites experienced any exceedances or violations of the NAAQS. The Rockefeller
Library site in Providence reported the highest annual arithmetic mean which was 0.025
ppm or 50% of the NAAQS. The five-year trend graph shows that NO 2 levels have
remained stable.
None of the three ozone (03) sites experienced an exceedance of the 1-hour NAAQS
during 1998, only one site in 1997 reported one day over this NAAQS, and none of
these sites reported levels above the NAAQS in 1996. The Alton Jones site had the
highest 1-hour second maximum value of 0.109 ppm or 87% of the 1-hour NAAQS. For
the 8-hour ozone standard in 1998,one of the three 03 sites reported a fourth high day
of at least 85 ppb. The maximum 8-hour average in 1998 was at the Alton Jones site at
0.097 ppm. It appears that ozone levels have remained fairly constant over the past
few years.
None of the four particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM 10 ) sites in RI had any
exceedances or violations of the annual or 24-hour standards in 1998 or 1997. The
AlIens Avenue site reported both the highest 24-hour second maximum value that was
59 ug/m 3 , or 39% of the standard, and the highest annual arithmetic mean which was
28 ug/m 3 or 56% of the standard. The five-year trend graph shows no discernable
trends.
Two sites monitored for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) this year. There were no exceedances or
violations of the annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour NPAQS. Rockefeller Library in Providence
reported the highest annual arithmetic mean at 7 ppb or 23% of the NAAQS. The
Dorrance Street site in Providence reported the highest 24-hour second maximum of 27
ppb or 19% of the NAAQS and the highest 3-hour second maximum at 63 ppb or 13%
of the NAAQS. The five-year trend graphs show a slight downward trend.
52
-------
FRANCIS SCHOOL 64 BOURNE AVE
EAST PROVIDENCE
PROVIDENCE
76 DORRANCE STREET
PROVIDENCE
4.7
KENT
F ,
I
WASHINGTON
- -
5
0
A
10 Miles
WASHING TON
RHODE ISLAND CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in Rhode Island.
The eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
5
II
.. -
7
‘ w.
r
N WPORT
Ii
.i
V
53
-------
RHODE ISLAND CARBON MONOXIDE
NAAQS9ppm
8-————— -—- -—-
-
;i;- 7.5-L,.
-
6.5 -
0
=
x
0
z
0
0
w
U)
4
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
OM
SITE ID
C T Ir
COUNTY
95 96 97 98
YEAR
-U- Providence, Department of Health
—*- Providence Dorrance St.
—.- Providence, Rockefeller Library
RHODE ISLAND
ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR 0 MAX B-HR OBS>
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METH
44-007-1009 1 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE
44-007-1010 1 1 EAST PROVIDEN PROVIDENCE
98 001 8177 8.1 7.7 0 5 4.7 0 66
98 001 8017 5.2 4.8 0 2.8 2.4 0 54
6 -
H
5—
4.5 --
S.
. 5
S.
--
S.-- ..
3.5 -
3-
2.5— S,....—
2 - _______ ___
89 90 91 92 93 94
555
76 DORRANCE STREET.
FRANCIS SCHOOL, 64 BOURN
54
-------
PROVIDENCE
CKEFELLER UBRARY PROSPECT
KENT
* WASHINGTON
*WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO,) concentration in ppm for sites in Rhode Island. The annual average
NO 2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS URI PARKERF1ELD
WEST GREENWICH
0.003
5 lOMNes
A
U
55
-------
RHODE ISLAND NITROGEN DIOXIDE
_____________ ____NAAQS . 05 ppm
E 0.026 - - ____- —
f
0.02 H
0.018-
0.016-
I
—0014-
H
< 0.012-h -
0.01 -
0.008 -
<0.006 1
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
• Providence, Rockefeller Library
--k-- East Providence, Francis School
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602) . RHODE ISLAND UNITS: 007 PPM
P
0 M REP MAX 1-HR MAX 24-HR ARIT
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR OR #OBS 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
44-003-0002 1 3 KENT W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS URI 98 001 1919 0.017 0.016 .003? 74
44-007-0012 2 2 PROViDENCE PROVIDENCE ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY, PROS 98 001 8241 0.067 0.064 0.025 35
44-007-1010 1 8 EAST PROV1DENC PROVIDENCE FRANCIS SCHOOL. 64 BOURNE 98 001 7898 0.058 0.057 0.015 74
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
56
-------
PRO VJDENCE /
r r\ ‘
N
1 j CA*IPUs, URI PARKERF D 2
KENT
-—-
WASHINGTON
TARWEU. ROAD
WASH NGTO ç
-
5
L WASHINGTON
0
A
5
10 Miles
RHODE ISLAND OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Rhode Island.
57
-------
RHODE ISLAND OZONE
. 9 NAAQS 1 day >= 0.125 ppm
8—
3 7-
6—
‘It
4- I,
/ ‘ I
3_ ,/
2--I —‘ \
u_ ‘ I /
1 - . - — .-• --- -
0 --- --*—-— -——--f----* __ ______
Z 89 90 91 92 - 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
----- West Greenwich Alton Jones
— - Providence Rockefeller Lib.
OZONE(44201) RHODE ISLAND UNITS: 007 PPM
OZONE SEASON: APR01 TO SEP 30 MIS
P VALID DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM DAY
0 M REP NUM NUM —MAXIMUM-——— VALS>.12 ASU
srr ID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4Th ME EST STAN MEl
44-003-0002 1 2 KENT W. ALTON JONES C 98 001 170 183 0.114 0.109 0.105 0.104 0 0 2 53
44-007-1010 1 7 EAST PROVIDEN PROVIDENCE FRANCIS SCHOOL. 98 001 165 183 0.102 0.098 0.096 0.091 0 0 15 47
44-009-0007 1 2NARRAGANSET WASHINGTON TARWELL ROAD, NA 98 001 177 183 0.111 0.101 0.097 0.096 0 0 1 53
OZONE(44201) RHODE ISLAND UNITS: 007 PPM
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
P 8-Hour Average
0 M REP NUM NUM - —MAXIMUM—
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4Th METH
44-003-0002 1 2 KENT W. ALTON JONES C 98 001 170 183 97 92 91 87 53
44-007-1010 1 7 EAST PROV1DEN PROVIDENCE FRANCIS SCHOOL. 98 001 165 183 492 85 82 77 47
44-009-0007 1 2 NARRAGANSET WASHINGTON TARWELL ROAD, NA 98 001 177 183 90 81 81 80 53
58
-------
L
10 Miles
RHODE ISLAND PM , 0
N
WASHINGTON
Annual average PM, 0 concentration in ug/m 3 for sites in Rhode Island. The annual average PM, 0 standard
is 50 ug/m 3 .
PROVIDENCE
KENT
W. ALTON JONES CA3 US URI P
WASHINGTON
A
5 0 5
59
-------
C’,
C)
- -
RHODE ISLAND PMIO
-u- Providence Aliens Ave.
Pawtucket
-u-- Providence Aliens Ave
Pawtucket
PM-b TOTAL 0-1OUM (81102)
P
OM
SITE ID C T CITY
KHUL) IbLANL)
COUNTY ADDRESS YR
UNI is: uu1 U . /L.U M rc
SCHEDULED Wit
REP NUM NUM % NUM —MAXIMUM VALUES— VALS> 150 ARIT
ORG OBS OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4Th MEA EST EAN METH
44-003-0002 1 2 KENT W. ALTON JO 98 001
44-007-0020 1 1 PROViDENCE PROVIDENCE ALLENS AVE. 98 001
44-007-0021 1 2 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE 111 FOUNTAI 98 001
44-007-1005 1 1 PAWTUCKET PROVIDENCE SUMMIT STRE 98 001
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATiSFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
60
54 53 84 63 38 32
50 50 79 63 66 59
53 52 83 63 52 44
55 54 86 63 50 49
24 23 0 0 12? 64
54 44 0 0 28? 64
42 34 0 0 23? 64
46 45 0 0 23? 64
NAAQS 150 ug/m3
I
w
80
‘70-
( “ I
50- •
•//• ó
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
E’+u 1 U
U
I /
S2 u
30- ‘
25-
89 90 91
- - -- J___ --______
89909192939495969798
YEAR
92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
-------
PRO WDENCE
(
5
A
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Rhode Island. The annual average
SO 2 standard is 0.03 ppm.
CKEF UBRARY.
PROV ENCE
0.007
(
KENT
WASHINGTON
5 lOMles
61
-------
RHODE ISLAND SULFUR DIOXIDE
- 0.05
NAAQS=0.l4ppm
0.045
c 0.04-i
I
0.035-
2 0.03
0.025
o
0
w ______
C l) . - - - ______
89909192939495969798
YEAR
u Providence DOH
*- Providence Dorrance St.
4 Pawtucket
Providence Rockefeller Lib.
COUNTY ADDRESS
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
CM
SITE ID C T CITY
.
/\
/ ‘
•
RHODE ISLAND
O.016- NAAQS=0.03 ppm
0.014-
w
o 0.012-a
w I-
nr 4
= u.uI- 1
0.008—j
0.006-
_________
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
/
. N.
-u Providence DOH
*— Providence Dorrance St.
.- Pawtucket
- >- Providence Rockefeller Lib.
UNITS: 007 PPM
OBS OBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
44.007-0012 2 1 PROViDENCE PROViDENCE ROCKEFELLER LIBR 98 001 8238 0.046 0.025 0 0.071 0.06 0 0.078 0.071 0.007 39
44-007-1009 1 1 PROViDENCE PROViDENCE 76 DORRANCE STRE 98 001 8412 0.048 0.027 0 0.066 0.063 0 0.072 0.068 0.006 39
a
62
-------
VERMONT SUMMARY
During 1998 Vermont operated carbon monoxide (CO) sites in Rutland and Burlington.
No exceedance of the NAAQS for CO was recorded at either site. The highest 1st and
2nd maximum 8-hour concentrations of CO were recorded at Burlington (3.5 ppm CO
and 2.4 ppm CO, respectively). The five-year trend lines shows only small fluctuations
on the second highs with levels between 50% and 30% of the 8-hour NM QS.
As Vermont is not required to measure the concentration of lead in ambient air, no data
are available. Vermont operates two nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) monitoring sites. One is in
Rutland and the other is in Burlington. No exceedance of the NAAQS for NO 2 was
recorded at either site. Historical data for the most recent five years (1991-1997)
indicate that the annual average concentrations of NO 2 have remained relatively stable.
The Rutland site ranged from 0.012 ppm NO 2 to 0.015 ppm NO 2 , and the Burlington site
ranged from 0.016 ppm to 0.018 ppm NO 2 . The maximum one-hour concentration of
NO 2 in 1998, 0.074 ppm, was recorded at Burlington, Winooski Avenue monitoring site.
Neither of the two ozone monitoring sites in Vermont recorded 1-hour concentrations of
ozone in excess of the NAAQS. The highest 1-hour concentration of ozone, 0.094
ppm, was recorded at the Bennington site. The highest recorded 1-hour concentration
of ozone at the Proctor Maple Research site was 0.085 ppm. Vermont has recorded
only one exceedance of the 1-hour ozone standard since 1988. For the 8-hour ozone
standard in 1998, neither of the two 03 sites reported a fourth high day of at least 85
ppb. The maximum 8-hour average in 1998 was in Bennington at 0.083 ppm.
Vermont maintains four monitoring sites that measure particulate matter (PM 10 ). The
highest 24-hour concentration was recorded at the Rutland site, which recorded at
maximum 24-hour PM1O concentration of 60 ug/m3. The Rutland site recorded the
highest annual average (weighted) concentration of all Vermont sites, 23 ug/m3. This
concentration is well below the annual average NAAQS for PM 10 that is 50 ug/m3. The
lowest recorded measurements for PM 10 were recorded at the Proctor Maple Research
facility monitoring site. Maximum 24-hour concentrations were at or below 37 ug/m3,
and the annual weighted arithmetic mean was 13 ug/m3. Over the past five years all
five PM 10 monitoring sites have recorded particulate matter concentrations below the
annual and the 24-hour NAAQS with a slight downward trend. Yearly variability in the
data is common, in part determined by meteorology, transport of particulate matter from
distant sources, and changes in the emissions of local sources.
The monitoring sites at Burlington and Rutland also measure sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). No
exceed ance or violation of the NAAQS for sulfur dioxide was recorded at either site.
The highest 24-hour average concentration of SO 2 (33 ppb) was recorded at the
Rutland site. This site also recorded the highest 3-hour SO 2 concentration, 58 ppb. In
contrast, the Burlington site recorded a maximum 24-hour average concentration of 8
ppb and a 3-hour maximum concentration of 13 ppb SO 2 . Five years (1990-1994) of
historical SO 2 data indicate a general decline in SO 2 concentrations in Burlington, but
show a one year (1994) spike in SO 2 concentrations in Rutland.
63
-------
ORLEANS
GRAND FRANKLIN /
N ESSEX
I I.—- —
I F
ISLE -.. /
I —.. / / /
1’ LAMOILLE - -...
/
/ ADJ. TO 82 S. WINOOSW AVENL* / .
— BURUNGTON -.
2.4 ‘
_ / . CALEDONIA j
\,
I S /
CHI77ENDEN •1
/
/ )
— I / WASHINGTON — . -
I
ADDISON ORANGE
PARKDIG LOT ADJ. 109 MERCHANTS ROW
!RUTLANDCflY
*“ .1
WINDSOR
RUTLAND
/
/
H----
BENNINGTON
WINDHAM
N
A
I S 0 5 10 15 20 25Mies
VERMONT CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm for sites in Vermont. The
eight-hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
64
-------
VERMONT CARBON MONOXIDE
4.6
4.2
3.8
3.4
3
2.6
2.2
E
0.
LU
>
0
=
x
0
z
0
0
LU
U)
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
OM
SITEID C T CITY
NAAQS 9 ppm
1.8
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
---- Burlington
* Rutland
VERMONT
COUNTY ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
MAX 1-HR 0 MAX B-HR OBS>
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND 35 1ST 2ND 9 METH
REP
50-007-0003 1 2 BURLINGTON
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND
CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S. W1NOOSKI A
RUTLAND PARKING LOTADJ. TO 9 ME
98 001
98 001
8182 5.7 5 0 3.5 2.4 0
8256
4 4 0 2.5 2.4 0
67
67
---s -a----
‘ ,
6
U -
65
-------
VERMONT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
/
0 5 10 15 20 25M es
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO.) concentration in ppm for sites in Vermont. The annual average
NO 2 standard is 0.05 ppm.
66
:::: ESSEX
CALEDONIA /
GRAND FRANKLIN
\
,1
/
/ /
LAMOILLE
.. ADJ. TO 82 S. WTNOOS AVENUE
‘S
CHITTENDEN if..
(. /
-. — / WASHINGTON
t.. .—... .. I
.1
/
ADDISON .. ORANGE
PARXPJG LOT ADJ. 109 MERCHANT’S ROW T
RUTLAND Cfl
I WINDSOR -
I
RUTLAND I
—
BENNINGTON
W!NDHAM
A
-------
VERMONT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0.02 - -
z
<
0.019
0.018
0.017
i
--
— .
‘R..
NAAQS = 0.05 ppm
- - -—----U- -
0.016
I-
w
0.014
<
0.013
0.012
0.011
<
0.01
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
---- Burlington
• Rutland
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
OM
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY
VERMONT
ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
REP MAX 1-HR MAX 24-HR ARIT
YR OR #OBS 1ST 2ND 1ST 2ND MEAN METh
50-007-0003 1 2 BURLINGTON
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND
CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S. W1NOOSKI AVE 98 001 8110 0.074 0.072
RUTLAND PARKING LOT ADJ. 109 MERC 98 001 7992 0.055 0.055
0.018 74
0.013 74
67
-------
GRAND FRANKUN - OR ANS ESSE (
? ( LAMOILLE
/
‘ CHI7TENDEN I CALEDONIA .,
/ /
/
/
7 —PROCTOR MAPLE RESEARCH FARM
UND H ILL
/ 0
— !
i/WASHINGTON j
ADDISON
/ ORANGE
I’
-
/
I WiNDSOR
RUTLAND
/
BENNINGTON j
WINDHAM
A
l PORT RD BENNINGTON V MONT
B MNGTON
0 c”, 0 5 10 15 20 25MiIes
__________________
V ERMONT OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Vermont.
68
-------
2----- -
VERMONT OZONE
C l ,
w
NAAQS 1 day >= 0.125 ppm
1 -—
0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
---- Chittenden, Procter Maple Barn
Bennington
OZONE(44201)
P
OM
SITEID C T CITY
COUNTY
VERMONT
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP 30
ADDRESS
REP NUM NUM
YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST
UNITS: 007 PPM
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM
—MAXIMUM—
2ND 3RD 4Th
MIS
DAY
VALS>.12 ASU
ME EST * STAN MET
50-003-0004 1 2 BENNINGTON
50-007-0007 1 2
BENNINGTON AIRPORT RD. BENN
CHITTENDEN PROCTOR MAPLE RE
98 001 182 183 0.094
98 001 183 183 0.085
0.085 0.083
0.082 0.08
0.082 0 0 1 87
0.08 0 0 0 87
OZONE(44201)
P
OM
SITE ID C T CITY
COUNTY
UNITS: 007 PPM
8-Hour Average
—MAXIMUM---—
2ND 3RD 4TH
50-003-0004 1 2 BENNINGTON
50-007-0007 1 2
BENNINGTON AIRPORT RD. BENN
CHI1TENDEN PROCTOR MAPLE RE
83 81 77 75 87
82 76 76 73 87
It,
A
>-
-J
U.
0
w
D
z
I
VERMONT
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO SEP30
ADDRESS
REP NUM NUM
YR ORG MEA REQ 1ST
98 001 182 183
98 001 183 183
METI
69
-------
-
(
RAN FRANKLIN ORLEANS /‘ ESSEX
Is ..
/
LAMOILLE
/
/ ADJ. 1082$. WINOOSKI AVENUE
BURLINGTON .. /
-PR TóR MAPLE RESEARCH FARM
80110W /
CHI1TENDEN 13
_.._•_‘‘ •( WASHINGTON )
/ W I “-...—••—•• - -. ..‘.
! 0UTH SEMiNARY STREET BA
.‘ BA C4TY
/
ADDISON ORANGE
•/
/
1 PARKING LOT ADJ. TO 8 MERCHANT’S ROV /
I WiNDSOR
RUTL 4ND /
BENNINGTON i
WINDHAM
5 0 5 10 15 20 25U s
VERMONT PM, 0
Annual a erage PM, 0 concentration in ug’m-’ for sites in Vermont. The annual average PM 0 standard is S0
ug/m .
70
-------
C ,.)
E
• E5) NAAQS 150 ug/m3
-J
> I’
60 \
, ‘
o i.
= I
/
50
.1
40
0
z
3 30 - - ______
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
PM-lU TOTAL 0-bUM (81102)
P
SIrE ID
NAAQS 50 ug/m3
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
VERMONT PMIO
26-i
w
(_) ‘ -t
I—
w
-
I -
I—
E20
0
w 18
I—
=
____ 0
U i
----. Burlington --s--- Burlington
• Barre • Barre
* Brattleboro Brattleboro
SCHEDULED WTD
0 M REP NUM NUM % NUM —MAXIMUM VALUES— VALS> 150 ARIT
C T CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YR ORG OBS OBS OBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4Th MEA EST EAN METH
50-007-0003 1 1 BURLINGTON CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S. 98 001 58 58 92 63 56 54 52 36 0 0 21 62
50-007-0007 1 2 CHITTENDEN PROCTOR MA 98 001 55 55 87 63 48 37 35 28 0 0 13 62
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND RUTLAND PARKING LOT 98 001 56 56 89 63 60 48 46 43 0 0 23 62
50-021-0002 2 3 RUTLAND RUTLAND PARKING LOT 98 001 49 49 78 63 57 48 45 45 0 0 22? 62
50-023-0003 3 2 BARRE WASHINGTON SOUTH SEMIN 98 001 58 58 92 63 52 49 49 41 0 0 22 62
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
71
VERMONT UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25C)
I.
/
j
-------
II •1
GRANb FRANKLIN ORLEANS // ESSEX
ISLE
/
1 . LAMOILLE /
— 2 8wINOOS kI AVENUE
0.002/ \.
/ . .ç CALEDONIA
/ /1
\. - .r•__
F)
CHITTENDEN /
/
/ / WASHINGTON )
5 5 _ S i
I
/
ADDISON ORANGE
I S_S ..
9 MERCHANT’S ROV’I I
•1
I WINDSOR
RUTLAND
/
BENNING TON
WINOHAM
VERMONT SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration in ppm for sites in Vermont. The annual average SO .
standard is 0.03 ppm.
72
-------
VERMONT SULFUR DIOXIDE
0.08——----- - NAAQS=O.l4ppm
E
0.
.9: 0.07-
w
-j
>
0.05—
0
I -
0.04-
0.03—Is
0.02-
o 0.01 —
C-)
w
C ,)
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
OM
SITEID C T CITY
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
Burlington
• Rutland
VERMONT
COUNTY ADDRESS
E
0.01
0
I—
w
I
I-
o.oo:-
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
YEAR
----- Burlington
• Rutland
UNITS: 007 PPM
OBS OBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
YR ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND ST 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
50-007-0003 1 1 BURLINGTON CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S. WiN
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND RUTLAND PARKING LOT ADJ.
98 001 8336 0.008 0.008 0 0.013 0.013 0 0.021 0.016 0.002 60
98 001 8326 0.033 0.029 0 0.062 0.058 0 0.07 0.067 0.006 60
73
0.015- —
I—
‘Ľ
t
I- - * —
— - —
-------
Precision and accuracy data submitted by the States
The 95% Probability limit for six criteria pollutants are given as a network average for each state
S02 ACCURACY
for 1998
CT MA RI R1GIONAt
ME 1*4 VT
S02 PRECISION
for 1998
C I MA RI REGIONAL
ME NH VT
CO ACCURACY
for 1998
C l MA RI REGIONAL
NH VT
N02 ACCURACY
for 1998
CI MA RI REGIONAL
ME NH VT
CT MA RI REGIONAl.
ME NH VT
03 PRECISION
for 1998
20
10
20
0
10
03 ACCURACY
for 1998
- 10
10 0
Iii 0
0 L 0
0
10 I
-20 0 20
PMIO ACCURACY
for 1998
I -
Cl MA RI REGIONAL
ME NIl VT
0
0
0
0
CO PRECISION N02 PRECISION PM1O PRECISION
for 1998 for 1998 for 1998
20
10
0
I D
.20
MA RI REGIONAL
NH VT
-------
Region 11998 Performance Audit Program
Region I conducts an audit program to assess the performance of Ambient Air
Monitoring Networks to provide operators of these Networks with technical assistance to
maintain and improve overall data quality. The audit procedures used in Region I are
adapted from Volume II, of the U.S. EPA Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
Measurements. Gaseous pollutant audits are conducted by introducing a known
concentration of a specific pollutant (traceable to the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, N 1ST) into the monitor’s sample intake, recording the response of the audited
instrument, and comparing the instrument’s response to the actual or known concentration.
Mass Flow and Volumetric Flow controlled instruments for Particulate Matter less than 10
microns in size (PM 10 ) are audited by attaching a reference flow device to the monitor
which restricts air flow to a known rate. The known air flow rate is then compared with the
rate of flow indicated by the sampler. These on site performance audits are conducted by
EPA Region I, Ecosystem Assessment Branch in Lexington. The total number of Audits
have been significantly decreased due to diminished travel funds and an agumented
workload focusing on the PAMS program.
A total of 64 audits were conducted in the six New England States on instruments
that measure Ozone (03), Particulate Matter less than 10 microns in size (PM 10 ) and
Carbon Monoxide (CO).
All of the 31 03 audits conducted in 1998 passed. Region l’s 03 audits continue to
focus on coastal 03 sites due to the concern that 03 may be transported up the coast and
peak 03 levels are usually experienced at these sites.
Twenty-five PM 10 audits were conducted with no failures in 1998. All of the 8 CO
audits conducted in 1998 passed.
1998
CT
ME
MA
NH
RI
VT
03
7
3
11
6
3
1
CO
2
n/a
2
2
1
1
PM1O
7
2
6
5
2
3
75
-------
PM—1O
Non-Attainment Areas in New England
Ozone
Carbon Monoxide
a)
A
Non—Attainment Status: L Part of County
I I Whole County
-------
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations
(PAMS) in New England 1998
New Hampshire/Maine
14 - Brentwood, NH (Type 1)
15 - Kittery, ME (Type 2)
16 - Cape Elizabeth (Type 4)
17 - Acadia NP, ME (Type 4)
16
15
14
7
6.
. 18
10 11
/ 9 __
nnect ut
1 1 - Westport (Type 1)
2 - East Hartford (Type 2)
3 - Stafford Springs (Type 3)
4 - Hamden (Type 2A)
Massachusetts
5 - Borderlands/Easton (Type 1)
6 - Lynn (Type 2)
7 - Newbury (Type
8 - Truro (Type 4)
9 - Agawam (Type 1)
10 Chicopee (Type 2)
11 - Ware/Quabbin Summit (Type 3)
18 - Long Island (Type 2A)
Rhode Island
12 - West Greenwich (Type 1)
13 - East Providence (Type 2)
3)
17
77
-------
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)
The enhanced ozone precursor monitoring initiative, known as the PAMS program, is one of
the most ambitious air quality monitoring programs ever attempted by the EPA and the States. The
overall purpose of this long-term program (10+ years) is to monitor the changes in the atmospheric
concentration of ozone precursors and to measure the effectiveness of current and future state and
regional ozone precursor control programs. In addition, the data produced by the PAMS program will
be used to enhance ozone modeling capabilities, help fine-tune state emission inventories, and
provide measurements of some of the toxic organic compounds that have been identified as
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
The PAMS monitoring network is a required monitoring component in ozone non-attainment
areas that are classified as extreme, severe, or serious. In general, there are four different PAMS sites
(Type 1 through Type 4) in each network, each of which serves a different purpose within the
network. The Type 1 site measures ozone and its precursors upwind of the major metropolitan area,
located in the ozone non-attainment area. The Type 2 sites measure ozone and its precursors
immediately downwind of the metropolitan area, and are optimally located to characterize the
complex “fresh” emissions that emanate from the metropolitan area. These sites operate on a more
intensive sampling schedule than other PAMS sites, and are capable of measuring a larger array of
ozone precursors than other PAMS sites. The Type 3 sites are located downwind of the metropolitan
area, in the region of maximum ozone production. These sites generally record higher concentrations
of ozone than upwind or near city PAMS sites. In addition, because the ozone and its precursor
emissions have traveled downwind to these sites, the air masses arriving at these sites generally carry
“aged” precursor emissions. Further downwind are the Type 4 sites, located far downwind of one or
more metropolitan areas. These sites measure ozone precursor chemistry of extreme long-range ozone
transport (to and within New England).
In the Northeast, non-attainment areas lay adjacent to each other, along the eastern seaboard.
The abutting nature of these non-attainment areas and the common ozone and ozone precursor
transport, which occurs across non-attainment areas, provide an opportunity to optimize the New
England PAMS network and link it with upwind PAMS sites and research sites to the south and west.
The New England PAMS network contains eighteen (18) PAMS sites. Figure 1 presents the
approximate location of the PAMS sites in New England.
Most PAMS sites, with some exceptions, measure 56 different hydrocarbons (Table 5, located
at the end of this section) on an hourly basis, twenty-four hours a day, during the heart of the summer.
(June through August). Hydrocarbon measurements are generally made using automated gas
chromatography. At the primary Type 2 sites, carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) are measured along
with the hydrocarbon compounds. Composite samples of carbonyls are measured every three hours
during the summer. All sites also measure ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and surface meteorological
conditions on an hourly basis. As the PAMS program matures, measurements of upper air
meteorological conditions will be made at key locations within New England as part of the PAMS
network. Two upper air monitoring sites have been deployed in New England (mid-coastal
Connecticut and western suburbs of Boston).
1993 was the first year PAMS ozone precursor data were collected during the summer in New
England. Quality control, and quality assurance (QAIQC) procedures for several PAMS instruments
were under development in 1993, and few sophisticated computerized methods of data transfer and
data troubleshooting were available. The field GCs proved temperamental during 1993, producing
78
-------
data of questionable accuracy. Because of this, most of the 1993 PAMS hydrocarbon and carbonyl
data have not been entered into any national data base.
The 1994 and 1995 PAMS data have undergone much better QAJQC procedures, although
data management issues and Acts-of-God (lightning strikes and electrical outages caused by storms)
remain problems. In 1994, six PAMS sites operated throughout the summer, and several others
underwent field deployment. In 1995, eight PAMS sites were operational and three additional sites
were undergoing field deployment. The eight operating PAMS sites included: Cape Elizabeth, ME;
Newbury/Plum Island, MA; Lynn, MA; Chicopee, MA; Quabbin Summit/Ware, MA; East
Providence, RI; Stafford Springs, CT; and East Hartford, CT. Sites undergoing field deployment
included: Westport/Sherwood Island, CT; Agawam, MA; and Easton/Borderland, MA. These latter
three sites were deployed as combination Type 1/3 sites (Westport/Sherwood Island, CT and
EastonlBorderland, MA) and a “stand alone” site (Agawam, MA Type 1 site). The Kittery, ME Type
2 site suffered contamination problems and additional start-up problems that nullified almost all of
the 1995 data. In addition to these sites, the Truro, MA PAMS Type 4 site was deployed and
operational as part of the North American Research Study of Tropospheric Ozone - Northeast
(NARSTO-NE) field study.
In 1996 through 1998, five additional PAMS sites were deployed in the region. One was
located in Acadia National Park (Type 4 site) as the far downwind PAMS site for New England.
Another was located upwind of Providence, RI (West Greenwich, RI). Additional Type 2 sites were
deployed in Boston (Long Island/Boston) and New Haven, CT. A final Type I site was deployed at
Brentwood, New Hampshire in 1997/1998. Table 1 presents a list of the 1998 PAMS sites which
were operational or near deployed.
Table 1. List of 1998 PAMS sites in New England, deployed and near operational.
Site Location PAMS Classification Status —
Acadia National Park (ME) Type 4 deployed 1996*
Cape Elizabeth (ME) Type3f4 deployed 1994
Kittery (ME) Type 2 deployed 1995
Brentwood (NH) Type 1 deployed 1997*
Newbury/Plumb Island (MA) Type 3 deployed 1994*
Lynn (MA) Type 2 deployed 1993
Long Island /Boston (MA) Type 2 deployed 1997*
Easton/Borderland Park (MA) Typei/3 deployed 1995*
Truro (MA) Type 4 deployed 1995
West Greenwich (RI) Type I deployed 1996*
East Providence (RI) Type 2 deployed 1993*
Westport/Sherwood Island (CT) Type 1/3 deployed 1996
East Hartford (CT) Type 2 deployed 1993
New Haven (CT) Type 2 deployed 1997*
Stafford Springs (CT) Type 3 deployed 1994*
Agawam (MA) Type I deployed 1995*
Chicopee (MA) Type 2 deployed 1993*
Ware/Quabbin Summit (MA) Type 3 deployed 1994
* these sites were deployed late in the PAMS season and data were not available until the following year.
A full assessment of the PAMS data has not been conducted. Such an assessment is beyond
the scope of this report. The 1994 data have been the subject of exploratory analysis by NESCAUM
(Northeast States for Coordinated Air Management) and EPA. The following data presentation
provides a cursory analysis of the 1995 through 1998 New England PAMS data base, exploring
different features of the data. An extensive analysis of the 1995 and 1996 PAMS data was conducted
as part of the NARSTO-NE initiative (North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone -
Northeast).
79
-------
1995/1996/1997/1998 PAMS Data
The following presentation provides information on the differences in concentration of
biogenic VOCs, highly reactive VOCs, and toxic VOCs at the New England PAMS sites. In addition,
a preliminary analysis of “aged” and “fresh” VOC emissions (as measured by the auto GCs) is
presented for selected sites.
Chemical Changes in Air Mass
As polluted air moves over New England during the day, many of the compounds undergo
photochemical reactions. The VOCs undergo chemical changes and hence the initial concentrations
of these compounds change during the day. The more highly reactive organic compounds undergo
chemical changes faster than slow reacting VOCs. It is possible to measure the “freshness” or “aged”
characteristic of the air masses that pass over the PAMS sites by comparing the ratios of fast and slow
reacting VOCs. Table 2 presents 1995 through 1998 data for fast and slow reacting VOCs. Previous
studies have shown that toluene, benzene and m,p-xylene ratios can provideuseful measures of
“fresh” (local) or “aged”(transported) air masses. M,p- xylene:benzene ratios less than 1.5 generally
indicate an “aged” air mass, and ratios —1.5 generally indicate an air mass with “fresh”emissions.
Likewise, benzene:toluene ratios >0.4 indicate an “aged” air mass, while those —0.4 indicate “fresh”
emissions. In general, subtle year-to-year differences in ratios can be anticipated in the data because
of differences in summer meteorology and emission patterns.
The New England PAMS sites have been located in up-wind, urban, and downwind networks.
The urban and downwind sites should provide data which help characterize/validate the “fresh”
emissions or the “aged” nature of the VOCs measured at these sites. The PAMS data presented below
for 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 clearly show that the downwind sites receive “aged” air. This is
evident for the entire season (June-August), the peak ozone period of the day (1400-1600 hours), and
during ozone episodes. In general, the data for Chicopee (MA), and to some extent East Hartford
(CT), appear to differ from those of the other Type 2 PAMS sites (Lynn and East Providence). This is
expected given their location within the Connecticut River Valley in which south to north air flow
commonly occurs during the summer. This air transport can deliver “aged” air from the lower part of
the valley and southerly upwind emission sources. Hence, the ratio data indicate that these sites
measure “aged” air during much of the ozone season. The data for the Westport, CT PAMS site
suggests that this site, located downwind of the New York metropolitan area, is influenced by “aged”
and “fresh” emissions. This may be explained by intermittent transport and stagnant conditions that
occur at this coastal site. Frequently, ozone precursor emissions are carried with prevailing winds
along Long Island Sound from the NYC metropolitan area. During these conditions the air mass
appears “aged”. During other times local build up of ozone precursors, under somewhat stagnant
conditions, occur and the air mass appears “fresh”. It is not uncommon for transported and local
precursors to mix. (The 1998 Kittery (ME) data also suggest an “aged air mass” transport effect for
the 1400-1600 hours time period, but a “fresh”, i.e., local influence during most of the summer.)
During 1998, the data for the Type 3 and Type 4 sites suggest a stronger “fresh” influence, for
the PAMS season, than the previous years, especially when viewing the benzene:toluene ratios. This
suggestion is further strengthened by the 1400-1600 hr period and the limited data recorded during
ozone episodes.
80
-------
Table 2. Measures of “aged” and “fresh” air masses at nine Now England PAMS sites (1995-1 998).
Location
June - August
m,p-X:Benz (b) Benz:Toluene (c)
1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 1996 1997 1998
1400-1600 hr
(June - August)
m,p-Xyl:Benz Benz:Toluene
1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 1996 1997 1998
Ozone Episodes (a)
m.p-Xyl:Benz
Benz:Toluene
<0.15 (h)
1.4(i)
>0.4 )
1.3, 1.67 (r); 0.2, 1.5 (s)
0.33 (t), 0.33 (x), 0.60 (y)
0.5 (h)
0.73 (p), 0.67 (q)
0.4(i)
0.6(j)
0,24, 0.25 (r);0.5, 0.26 (s)
0.68 (t), 0.31 (x), 0.39 (y)
(a) Hours during which the ozone standard (0.12 ppm 03) was exceeded. (m) June 21, 1997 @1300-2000 hrs; June 25, 1997 @1300-1700 hrs.
(b) m,p-Xylene:Benzene ratios <1.5 indicate an “aged” air mass, ratios —1.5 or greater indicate a “fresh’ air m (n) June 21, 1997 @ 1700-1900 hrs.
(C) Benzene:To)uene ratios >0.4 indicate an ‘aged” air mass, while ratios —0.4 or less indicate a “fresh” air m (o) June 25, 1997 @ 1400-1600 hrs and 2000-2100 hrs.
(d) June 30, 1995 @1700 hr. (p) June 30, 1997 @ 1800-1900 hrs.
(e) August 1, 1995 @ 1700 hr. (q) July 1, 1997 @ 1200-1400 hrs.
(1) July 13, 1995 @ 1600-1700 hrs. (r) June 211997 © 1200-1400 and 1600 hrs.
(g) August 10, 1995 @ 1600-1800 hrs. (s) July 14, 1997 @ 1500 hr and 1800 hr.
(h) August 1, 1995 © 1500-1700 hrs. (t) July 15 1997 © 1100-1700 hrs.
(i) July 16, 1996 @ 1500-1600 hrs. (u) August 24, 1998 @ 1400 hrs
(j) August 5, 1996 @ 1600 hr. (v) July 15, 1998 © 1600-1700 hr
(k) June 21, 1997 @1300-1600 hrs; June 25, 1997 @1300-1800 hrs. (w) August 24, 1998 @1400-1600
(I) June 21, 1997 @ 1800 hr; June 25, 1997 @ 1400 hr. (x) June 25, 1998 @1500-1600 hr
(y) August 24, 1999 @1300 hr
Type 2 SItes
E. Hartford
E. Providence
Chicopee
Lynn
Kittery
Type 3/4 SItes
Stafford Springs
Quabbin/Ware
NewburylPlumb isi.
Cape Elizabeth
1.5 na 2.2 2 0.33 na 0.23 0.24
1.8 1.5 1.8 1.8 0.26 0,27 0.22 0.21
1.3 1.4 2 1.2 0.24 0.29 0.3 0.35
2.6 1.8 1.6 2 0.25 0.26 0.3 0.25
na na na 1.8 na na na 0.33
1.1 1.2 1.1 1 0.45 0.46 0.33 0.39
1 0.8 1.1 0.68 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.42
1.1 1.5 1.7 1.22 0.41 0.32 0.29 0.41
1.1 1.1 0.83 0.46 0.49 0.63 0.36 0.76
0.9, 1.1 (k), 0.33 (u)
0.21 (d), 0.72 (I)
2.4(e)
1.6, 0.3 (k), 0.31 (u)
0.48 (d), 0.35 (I)
0.23 (e)
1.3 na 1.5 1.5 0.43 na 0.3 0.31
1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.3
0.8 1.1 1.1 0.64 0.31 0.36 0.39 0.52
2.5 1.8 2 1.9 0.26 0.26 0.3 0.27
na na na 1.4 na na na 0.39
1.2 0.8 0.68 0.68 0.59 0.54 0.43 0.48
1.3 0.2 0.76 0.39 0.48 0.52 0.34 0.58
1.2 2 1.2 0.85 0.58 0.35 0.35 0.4
1 0.8 0.24 0.11 0.64 0.91 0.9 1.24
na 1.1 1.1 0.85 na 0.35 0.39 0.34
Westport/Sherwood sI. na 1.4 1.4 1.45 na 0.36 0.32 0.3
0.21 (1) 0.59 (f)
0.39(m) 0.15(m)
0.10 (g) 0.61 (g)
0.43 (n); 0.39, 0.9 (0), 0.57 (v) 0.41 (n); 0.38, 0.2.9 (0), 0.37 (v)
na na
-------
Table 3. The summer average concentration (ppbC) o( twenty ozone precursor VOC.
measured at ten New England RAMS sites during June through August (1995 through 1998).
2.2 i.e 4.1 3.8
1.6 1.7 9.4 6.1
1.8 2 3.9 3.7
8.5 91 4.5 3.5
18 1.4 5.7 4
1.1 1 2.5 2.2
0.6 0.4 1.6 1.6
0.7 0.7 4,1 2.8
0.4 0.4 1.9 1.2
0.5 0.6 1.3 1.1
0.4 0.4 0.8 0.1
0.4 0.4 1.3 1.4
0.5 0.9 1.3 1.1
0.4 0.2 1 0.9
0.5 0.4 1.6 1.3
0.2 0.2 0.9 0.5
0.1 0.4 0.9 0.7
0.3 0.3 1.1 1.3
0.3 0.1 0.9 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2
4 4,8 no 3.1
4.8 4.6 no 5.2
3.5 4.2 no 4.1
2.7 2.9 no 2.4
3.7 4 no 4.2
2 1.9 no 2.7
2.3 1.7 no 2.1
2.1 2 no 2
1.1 1.2 no 0.9
1.1 1,4 no 1.5
0.8 0.8 na 1.2
I 1.1 no 1.7
1 1.1 no 1.5
0,9 0.8 no 0.8
1.2 0.9 no 0.9
0.8 0.7 no 0.9
1 0.9 no 0.5
1.1 15 no I
0.8 0.7 no 0.8
0.4 0.5 no 0.9
2.8 3.8
4.3 4.3
4.1 4.1
2.5 2.4
4.9 3.6
2.1 2.2
2.2 1.5
1.7 1.1
1.1 1,9
1.5 1.1
0.5 1.3
1.6 1.2
1.1 1.3
0.8 0.5
0.8 1.3
0.0 1
0.8 0,5
1.2 0.8
0.9 0.6
0.5 0.4
Sum of VOC.
29 27 22 21 36 23 23 22 50 36 36 38 no 39 36 38
* local conlamlnotion problems invalIdated July 1995 dale.
** Site re-deployed in 1996.
2,2.4-Tr imethylpentene
“l ,2.3 .Trlmethylbenzene
‘1 ,2 .4-Tflmethylbenzene
(o) GC restart caused elevated concentrations (31 hours eliminated from the doto used in this table).
(b) 2.8 no
3.6
4
l,op.ntan.
2.4
2.3
2
1.6
4.4
2.2
4.2
2.3
2.2
6.4
6.6
4.4
4.6
7.1
6.1
6.5
5.5
11.8 no
3.5
4.8
Propan.
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.3
6
3.3
3.1
2.5
2.5
3.6
3.7
3
3.1
6.2
5.3
5.5
4.7
5.5 no
1.9
5.7
leopren.
1.1
0.8
1.8
1
2.2
2.4
1.3
2.1
1.2
4,3
3
3.9
2.6
2.7
2
2.8
1.7
2.4 no
1.7
1.5
Toluene
1.8
0.8
1.3
0.7
3.1
3.2
2.6
2.5
2.4
5,3
5.1
4.1
4.9
1
5.2
6.3
5.9
5.1 no
6.1
5.4
n-Butane
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.1
2.5
1.3
1.2
1
1.1
2.6
2.8
2.2
2.4
3.7
2.9
3.4
3.1
2.9 na
2.7
2.4
mlp .Xyien.
0.7
Q.6
0.4
0.2
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.2
1
2.9
2.4
1.9
2.4
3.3
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.4 no
2.9
2.8
n-Pentan.
1
0.9
0.9,
0.8
2.2
6.4
1.6
1.1
I
2.7
2.9
2.1
2
3
2.6
2,6
2.1
2.7 no
>1.5
2
Ethylene
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.6
1.35
1.3
0.8
0.6
0.8
2,2
2.2
1.9
1.9
2.7
2.3
2,7
2.2
0.5 no
1
2
Benzene
0.8
0.5
0.3
0,5
1
1.3
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.9 no
1.3
1.3
Acetylene
1
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.2
0,2
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.3
2.5
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.7 no
>0.2
1
224 .TMP”
0.6
0.3
0,5
0.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
0.7
0.9
1.7
1.8
1
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.3
I
1.5 no
1.7
1.5
laobutan.
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.5
1,1
1.3
1
1.2
2,4
1.9
24
1.9
1.5 no
1.4
1.4
1,2,3-7MB ””
0.6
0.3
0.8
0.5
1
0.7
0,7
0.6
0,5
1.3
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.9 no
1.4
0,9
2 -M.thylpentsfle
0.8
0.6
0,6
0,5
1.2
1.2
1
0.7
0.8
1.8
1.8
1.4
1.8
2,9
2.3
2.3
1.8
no no
1.2
1.5
Propylene
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.3
0,4
I
0.9
0.8
0.9
1
0.8
1
0.9
3.4 no
0,8
0.9
1,2,4.7MB””
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0.7
1.6(0)
0.5
0.4
0.4
1.4
0.7
0.8
1
1.1
0,7
0.8
0.9
1.6 no
1.4
1.2
n .Hexane
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.8
1.3(b)
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.1
1,7
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3 flO
1.1
1.1
o.Xylene
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.8
0,4
0.4
1.2
0.9
0.7
0,9
1.2
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.2 no
1,1
0.9
p-Ethyltoluene
0.5
<0.1
<0.1
0
0.8
1.2(0)
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.7 no
0.7
0.5
SuinofVOCs
22
17
18
15
36
32
, 26
21
21
52
48
38
41
60
47
52
45
49 no
42
43
Stafford SprIng. Ware Chlcopee Westport
1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 1996 1997(c) 1998 1995 1998 1997(d) 1998 1995 1996 1991 1998
Ethane 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.9 2.1 3.2
teopentanS 2.1 2.6 2 18 2.3 1.6
Propane 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.3
leoprene 5.6 4.4 4.7 3.6 18.1 74
Toluene 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.1
n-Butane 14 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1
m!p-Xyiene 1 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5
n-Pent ne 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9
Ethylene 1 1 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.5
Benzene I 1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6
Acetylene 0.8 1 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.4
2,2 ,4 -TMP ’ ” 0,9 0,7 0.5 0,5 0.9 0.4
teobutane 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6
1,2,3-7MB” ‘ 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 <0,7 0.4
2.Methylpentane 0,7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5
Propylene 0.7 0,4 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.3
1,2,4-TMB ” 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 no 0.1
n-Hexane 0.8 0.4 0,4 0.3 0.8 0.4
o.Xyt.ne 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2
p.Ethyltoluene 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 <0.9 0.3
-------
VOCs and Ozone
Previous analyses, conducted on PAMS data in New England and elsewhere, have shown that
about twenty (20) of the measured PAMS VOCs generally account for 85% of the ozone produced in
ambient air. These compounds and other VOCs are measured by the automated GCs at the PAMS
sites. The table below lists the 20 major VOCs and their concentrations (ppbC) for nine PAMS sites
in New England. These data (1995 through 1998) show that for almost all of the PAMS sites,
whether Cape Elizabeth, Maine or East Providence, Rhode Island, the top five or six compounds (by
concentration) remain virtually the same: ethane, isopentane, propane, toluene, n-pentane and n-
butane (highlighted in bold in Table 3). The inland Type 2 and 3 sites, which are located near or
within urban or rural forests, also show elevated concentrations of isoprene, a biogenic VOC. By far
the highest concentrations of biogenic VOCs are recorded at the inland Type 3 sites (Quabbin
Summit, MA and Stafford Springs, CT). During 1995, on particularly hot days, hourly isoprene
concentrations exceeded 50 ppbC and approached 100 ppbC at these sites, dominating the organic
precursors in the air. The cooler summer temperatures in 1996, however, resulted in lower
concentrations of biogenic isoprene. Intermediate concentrations of isoprene were measured during
1997. As in previous years, inland sites such as Stafford Springs (CT) and Ware/Quabbin (MA)
recorded the highest concentrations of isoprene within the New England PAMS network.
The greatest concentrations of these hydrocarbon compounds continue to be recorded at East
Providence (RI), Lynn (MA) and East Hartford (CT). During 1997 and 1998, the lowest
concentrations of these compounds were recorded at Cape Elizabeth (ME), Ware/Quabbin and
Newbury (MA), and Stafford Springs (CT).
Hazardous Air Pollutants and Urban Air Toxic Compounds
Table 4 presents the hourly average concentrations (ppbC) of hazardous organic air pollutants
measured at PAMS sites for three summer months of 1996 and 1997. For consistency with the other
data presented in this section, the data are presented as parts per billion carbon (ppbC), except for the
carbonyl compounds formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (ppbV). It is clear that the Type 2 sites, located
within urban areas, measure atmospheres more rich in hazardous organic air pollutants (HAPs) than
the Type 1/3/4 sites. Toluene, 1,2,4- Trimethybenzene, benzene, mlp-Xylene, and 2,2,4-
Trimethylpentane head the list of these hydrocarbons. Of the two carbonyl compounds, formaldehyde
is the most prevalent. This is due to the fact that formaldehyde is both directly emitted to the
atmosphere from industrial activities and mobile sources (a source of many toxic air pollutants), and
is one of the most common chemical reaction products of VOC photochemistry.
Year-to-year changes in the concentration of these compounds are expected, due primarily to
changes in major emission source strengths (from industry and motor vehicles) and to changes in
meteorological conditions. For the most part, the concentration of these air pollutants remained
steady from 1996 through 1998. The exception is East Providence (RI), which experienced an
increase in toluene (- -15-20%). The cleanest sites are in the rural and remote areas (Stafford Springs
[ CT] and Ware/Quabbin [ MA]). It is important to note that all of the sites record low to moderate
levels of these pollutants.
83
-------
Table 4. The average summer (June-August) concentration (ppbC) of ten toxic organic compounds
(TOC) measured at ten New England PAMS monitoring sites (1996 and 1998).
Cape Elizabeth Newbury
TOG LM 1 Kitterv (ME ) Lynn (MA) E. Providence IR] )
1996 1997 1998 1998 1996 1997 1998 1996 1997 1998 1996 1997 1998
Formaldehyde (a) na na na na 3.2 2.8
Acetaldehyde (a) na na na na 1.1 1
Toluene 0.8 1.3 0.7 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.4 5.1 4.1 4.9 5.2 6.3 5.9
m,p-Xylene 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.2 1 2.4 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2
Benzene 0.5 0.3 0.5 1 0.8 0.7 0.8 1,3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2
Propylene (b) 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1 0.9
1,2,4-ThMB 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 1 0.7 0.8 0.9
o-Xy lene 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8
p -Ethy ltoluene <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3
2,2,4-ThMP 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.6 1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1
Table 4 Continued
Stafford Springs Ware/Quabbin
E. Hartford ( CT ) fl Chicopee ( MAI Westport ( CT )
1996 1997 1998 1996 1997 1998 1996 issr 1998 1996 1997 1998 1996 1997 1998
Forma)dehyde (a) na na na 4.7 2.4 na
Acetaldehyde (a) na na na 1.2 1.6 na
Toluene na 6.1 5.4 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1,8 1.4 4 3.7 4 4.2 4.9 3.6
m,p-Xytene na 2.9 2.6 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.6 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.5
Benzene na 1.3 1.3 1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.1
Propylene (b) na 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1
1,2,4-ThMB na 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 1 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.5
o . .Xy lene na 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6
p-Ethyttoluene na 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4
2,2,4-ThMP na 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 1 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.2
* no data were collected due to site re-deplo iment.
re-evaluating August data.
re-evaluating July data
(a) carbon 1 measurements were generally taken at PAMS Type 2 sites.
(b) this compound is also measure by the Urban Air Toxics Monitonng Program.
84
-------
PAMS Measurements
The PAMS program measures a host of compounds. Table 5 provides a list of the
measurements made at PAMS sites. Many of these organic compounds that are measured in the
PAMS program are toxic. Most others contribute to the generation and accumulation of ozone. In
addition, many of the measured compounds contribute to the formation of complex organic aerosols
and fine particulate matter (PMf), which will become the focus of additional national, regional, and
local (integrated) air pollution controls over the next decade. Changes in organic aerosol precursors
will undoubtedly provide veiy useful measures of the effectiveness of any future fine particle control
programs.
Table 5. Reported hydrocarbon, carbonyl, and other aerometric measurements
at PAMS sites in New England.
Hydrocarbon Compounds
Ethane Cyclopentene Ethylbenzene
Ethylene 2,3-Dimethyibutane m,p-Xylene
Acetylene 2-Methylpentane Styrene
Propylene 3-Methylpentane o-Xylene
Propane 2-Methyl-i -Pentene n-Nonane
Isobutane n-Hexane Isopropylbenzene
I -Butene trans-2-Hexene n-Propyibenzene
n-Butane Methylcyclopentane m-Ethyltoluene
trans-2-Butene 2,4 -Dimethylpentane p-Ethy lbenzene
cis-2-Butene Benzene I ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
3-Methyl-I -Butene Cyclohexane o-Ethyibenzene
Isopentane 2-Methylhexane I ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
I -Pentene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane m-Diethylbenzene
n-Pentane n-Heptane p-Diethylbenzene
Isoprene Methylcyclohexane n-Decane
trans-2-Pentene 2.3,4-Trimethylpentane n-Undecane
cis-2-Pentene Toluene TNMOC (HC)
2-Methyl-2-Butene 2-Methyiheptane
2..2-Dimethylbutane 3-Methyiheptane
n-Octane
Carbonyl Compounds
Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Acetone
Inorganic Gases
Ozone NO, N02, NOx, NOy
Meteorological Measurements
Wind Speed Wind Direction Solar Radiation
Ultraviolet Radiation Barometric Pressure Humidity
85
-------
1U National Acid Precipitation
Monitor Sites in New England*
*
Greenville 1979
*
Caribou
1980
Bridgeton
1980
• . Acadia National
Truro Cape Cod
National Park
1981
c
Park 1981
*National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network
Underhill
86
-------
Atmospheric Deposition
Atmospheric deposition is composed of both wet and dry deposition. It includes acidic
deposition, deposition of toxic compounds and toxic trace elements, and the deposition of non-
toxic compounds including nutrients. Atmospheric deposition occurs throughout the year,
although weather patterns alter the seasonal and annual amount and type of deposition.
Of all the components of atmospheric deposition, acid rain is probably the most
commonly known in New England. In this section most of the discussion will focus on acid
rain, or acidic precipitation, which includes acid rain and snow, acidic fog and ice. In addition
to the discussion on acid rain, in the future, there will be brief reports on dry deposition in New
England and deposition of toxic trace elements and toxic compound deposition (in particular
mercury).
Acid Precipitation
There are ten (10) acid precipitation monitoring stations in New England. These sites
have measured acid rain and acid snow on a weekly basis (Tuesday to Tuesday) since the early
1980’s. The longest continuous acid precipitation monitoring record in the United States is from
a site located in New Hampshire, the Hubbard Brook site, which was established in 1978. This
site and the other nine New England sites are a part of a national network of 200+ sites that
compose the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network
(NADP/NTN). The NADP was established in 1978 to provide a national network of sites to
monitor trends in the chemistry of wet and dry deposition throughout the United States. The
NADP merged with the National Trends Network in the early 1980’s to form the NADP/NTN.
The current national network is operated and maintained by a consortium of federal and state
agencies, private industry, and universities.
The New England map presented in Figure 1 depicts the approximate location of the 10
NADP/NTN sites in the region. The sites are equipped with a Belford 5-780 Universal Rain
Gage, and an Aerochem Metrics Wet/Dry Precipitation Collector. Most sites are located well
inland, with the exception of the Waltham/Boston, the Cape Cod National Seashore, and the
Acadia National Park monitoring sites, which are locate near the coast. Seasonal and annual
differences in weather patterns influence precipitation and chemical deposition patterns at the
inland and coastal sites. Differences in the annual and seasonal amount of precipitation
measured at the seven New England sites, over the past twenty years (1979-1998) are presented
in Figures 2a and 2b.
The data presented in Figures 2a and 2b indicate that the amount of precipitation and
seasonal pattern of precipitation changes over time and by site. These patterns influence the
concentration and deposition of pollutants in precipitation. Inland sites generally record the
most precipitation during the summer (and fall), and the least precipitation during the winter.
Coastal sites (Cape Cod National Seashore, Acadia National Park, and Waltham/Boston), on the
other hand, generally record more precipitation during the spring. This is clearly evident during
the late 1980’s and early 1990’s.
87
-------
Figure 2a. Changes in the amount of precipitation (cm) recorded during the
spring at three coastal and four inland (bold line) NADP/NTN monitoring sites in
New England (1979-1998).
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
60-
50
40
30
20
10
0
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Figure 2b. Changes in
summer at three coastal
the amount of precipitation (cm) recorded during the
and four inland (bold line) NADP/NTN monitoring sites
in New England (1979-1998).
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
88
E
U
0
0.
V.,
0 .
E
V.,
0
0.
U
L .
0.
-------
Over the past 20 years, the precipitation data collected at the New England NADP sites
suggest two multi-year intervals with enhanced precipitation. Two-year (paired) averaged data
are presented in Figure 3. These data show enhanced precipitation in New England during the
early 1980’s and again during the early 1990’s. Less precipitation fell duing the period 1985-
1988.
Figure 3. Average amount of precipitation (cm) recorded for paired years at eleven (11)
NADP/NTN monitoring sites in New England (1 979-1 998).
Paired Years
Precipitation Chemistry
Almost all forms of precipitation are efficient scavengers of atmospheric pollution.
Hence, the chemistry of precipitation reflects changes in the level of air pollutants in the
atmosphere and can be used to provide evidence of trends in air pollution emissions. The
NADP/NTN sites in New England provide a unique view of changes in concentration of
pollutants in precipitation that falls on New England, in particular, acid rain.
Precipitation has complex chemistry. Both beneficial and harmful pollutants are
present. Acid precipitation illustrates this. In general, the dilute chemical constituents of acid
precipitation are composed of beneficial plant and soil nutrients (calcium, magnesium,
potassium, nitrogen) and harmful acids, principally sulfuric and nitric acids. Nitrates play
several roles; they contribute to the acidity of the precipitation and to freshwater acidification,
140
120
100
80
E
U
C
0
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60
40
20
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qb
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c
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89
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and they can be a plant nutrient. As a plant nutrient they are important to New England forests,
but enhance the eutrophication of some New England coastal marine environments, including
Long Island Sound and Casco Bay (New England ecosystems were scientific research is
focusing on the potential environmental effects for nitrogen and enhanced eutrophication). It is
possible, however, to have too much nitrate in New England soils. In recent years scientific
studies of New England high elevation forests have indicated that some soils are no longer
capable of retaining nitrogen deposited by the atmosphere. The nitrification of high elevation
watersheds and potential ecosystem damage associated with nitrogen saturation of forest soils
will be the topic of continued scientific enquiry.
The following anions and cations are measured from precipitation samples sent to the
NADP/NTN central analytical laboratory:
anions cations
Sulfate (S04) Hydrogen (H)
Nitrate (N03) Calcium (Ca)
Orthophosphate (P04) Magnesium (Mg)
Chloride (Cl) Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Ammonium (NH4)
In addition to these anions and cations, the conductance of each sample (a secondary measure
of ionic strength) is also measured. Precipitation samples from all of the NADP/NTN
collectors are shipped every Tuesday to the Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL) at the Illinois
State Water Survey for analysis.
Spatial and Temporal Chemistry of Precipitation
Both concentration and deposition of beneficial and harmful constituents of
precipitation are environmentally important. In this section, the yearly deposition patterns
(kg/ha) of key chemical components of precipitation are presented for the 1979-1998 period.
These chemical components include sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and potassium ions.
Figure 4 presents the average composite yearly deposition of sulfates and nitrates for
the ten trend NADP/NTN sites in New England and a new data set (1998) for the Casco Bay
National Estuary Progam monitoring site. Nitrate deposition, in New England, shows no
significant long-term increase or decrease in deposition over the period of record. The decrease
in the 1987-1988 may be attributed to lower precipitation. Sulfate deposition, on the other
hand, significantly drops during the early 1980’s and again during the 1990’s. The decreased
deposition during the 1987-1988 period is attributed to reduced precipitation. However, the
long-term trend, and the most recent declines in sulfate deposition can only partially be
attributed to changes in annual precipitation. Significant reductions in the emissions of S02 in
the Northeast and the concentration of S02 in the ambient air (20+% reduction 1988-1997)
have undoubtedly contributed to reduced sulfate deposition in New England.
90
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Figure 4. The average composite sulfate and nitrate (bold line) deposition (kglha) for eleven
New England NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites (1 979-1998).
30
25
Cs 20
o 15
U)
0
0
0
o 10
5
0
1978 1979 1980 1981 1952 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 996 1997 1998 1999
Year
The final series of figures provide sub-regional views of changes in precipitation
chemistry over the past 20 years. Coastal and inland sites show different patterns of deposition,
over the years. Chloride and potassium enrichment is evident at the coastal sites, indicative of
precipitation that has been influenced by sea spray. This enrichment is especially evident
during 1983 and 1984 (Figure 5a and 5b). Inland sites, on the other hand do not show similar
patterns of chloride or potassium enrichment. Sulfate, which is also a major constituent of
seawater, is also enriched at coastal sites, as noted at the Acadia NP site in Maine and the Cape
Cod National Seas Shore site (Figure 6a). The Acadia site also records generally higher
deposition of nitrates than the other Maine sites (Figure 7a). This is unexpected, since this site
is located far from major New England point and mobile emission sources of nitrogen oxides,
and ocean spray does not contain significant concentrations of nitrate.
The final set of figures indicates a south to north and west to east gradient of sulfate and
nitrate deposition (except in those instances where sea spray enhances sulfate deposition). As
expected the highest deposition of sulfate generally occurs west of Maine (Figures 6a-6c). The
highest nitrate deposition occurs at the New Hampshire, Vermont, and Quabbin Reservoir-
Massachusetts monitoring sites (Figures 7b and 7c).
The most recent data for 1993 through 1998 show no marked systematic trend of
pollutants in precipitation for the New England sites. Sulfate deposition in 1995 showed a
marked decline at every monitoring site in New England, except the Acadia NP site in Maine.
The average 1995 sulfate deposition in New England was the lowest ever recorded during the
20 years of sulfate deposition monitoring. The 1996 data indicate that sulfate deposition
increased in eight of the ten sites. Nonetheless, sulfate levels in 1996 were —46% below
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historical averages (1979-1995). Similar increases occur for nitrate at most sites, and appear to
be further enhanced in 1997. In 1998, however, nitrate deposition decreased at each of the ten
tend sites. Nitrate deposition during 1998 were virtually the same (-10%) as the historical
average (1979-1998). The recent year-to-year trend for nitrate (+ or - 10% of the long-term
average) and to some extent sulfate, suggests that the deposition pattern for the New England
for 1995 data may be related more to the year-to-year changes in atmospheric chemistry and
weather conditions than to other deposition modifiers, such as emission reductions.
The year to year variation that is recorded at the NADP sites can be attributed to
differences in precipitation and pre\ailing wind patterns, as well as emission sources. This is
characteristic of precipitation data and should be viewed as normal. Trends in pollutant
deposition within New England, whether due to long-term changes in pollutants emitted to the
atmosphere, or trends in climate, will be evident only after many years (10-20+ years).
Figure Sa. Wet deposition (kglha) of potassium measured at two coastal precipitation.
monitoring sites (bold lines) and four representative inland precipitation monitoring sites in
New England (1979-1998).
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1969 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Figure 5b. Wet Depostion (kglha) of chloride measured at two coastal precipitation
monitoring sites (bold lines) and four representative inland precipitation monitoring sites in
New England (1979-1998).
1.6
1.6
1.4
12
a
-
C
0
•; 0.8
0
0.
a
a
0.8
944
0.2
0
Year
70
60
. 5o
-x
40
a
0
-30
a
20
10
0—
19 9
1979 1980 1961 1982 1983 1984 1985 1966 1967 1968 19€ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
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Figure Ga. Wet deposition of sulfate (kg/ha) measured athe Acadia NP (bold line). Greenville
(dotted line), Caribou (solid line) and Bndgton (dashed line) NADPINTh precipitation
monitoring sites in Mane (1979-1998).
25
20
15
x
a
a
10
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
Figure Gb. Wet depsotion of sulfate (kg/ha) measured at the Hubbard Brook-NH (bold line).
linderhillOVT (dotted Line), and Bennington-VT precipitation monitoring sites in Northern New
England (1979-1998).
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
Year
Figure 6c. Wet deposition of sulfate (kg/ha) at the Truro-CCNS (bold line), Waltham dotted
line), and Quabbin Reservoir (solid line) NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites in
MassachusettS (1979-1998).
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0—
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
93
a
C
0
0
0.
a
C
a
C
0
a
0
0.
a
C
1978 1979 1980 1951 1982 1983 1984 198.5 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
-------
18
16
14
12
a
10
0
8
0
a
6
4
Figure 7a. Wet deposition of nitrate (kglha) measured at the Acadia NP (bold line), Greenville
(dotted line), Caribou (solid line), and Bridgton (dashed line) NADP/NTN precipitation
monitoring sites in Maine (1979-1998).
1978 1979 1960 1961 1982 1963 1984 1985 1986 1967 1968 1969 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
Figure Tb. Wet deposition of nitrate (kg/ha) measured at the Hubbard Brook-NH (bold line),
Underhill-VT (dotted line) and Bennington-VT (solid line) NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring
sites (1979-1998).
25
20
15
10
5
0
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1906 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
30
25
a
C
o 15
0
0.
10
5
Figure 7c. Wet deposition of nitrate (kg/ha) measured at the Truro-CCNS (bold line),Waltham
(dashed line), and Quabbin Reservoir (solid line) NADPINTN precipitation monitoring sites in
Massachusetts (1979-1998).
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1963 1954 1985 1986 1987 1968 1969 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
94
0
a
0
0.
a
Year
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Ultraviolet Radiation
Solar radiation, which is emitted naturally by the sun during magnetic and plasma
eruptions and thermonuclear reactions, crosses the void of space and strikes the surface or
atmosphere of the planets of the solar system. Planets that do not have a substantial atmosphere
are directly struck by a wide spectra of solar radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Planets such as the earth, which are veiled by a thick atmosphere, are provided some measure of
protection from direct solar radiation, including UV radiation. Under natural conditions the
thickness of the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer, which attenuates UV radiation, varies directly
with the strength of solar magnetic activity, and hence solar radiation striking the atmosphere.
The thickness of the earth’s ozone layer is greatest when solar magnetic activity and solar
radiation is highest, that is during peak sun spot periods. The sun spot cycle reaches maximum
activity about every 11 years. at which time emissions of solar radiation peaks and the thickness
of stratospheric ozone is greatest. Reduced solar activity, on the other hand, results in a thinner
stratospheric ozone layer and a greater potential penetration of solar radiation such as UV
radiation. Figure 1 presents the sunspot cycle over the past fifty years. The most number of
sunspots ever recorded occurred in 1957. Currently, sunspot activity is still near its lowest part
of the 11 year cycle.
20
Increased ultraviolet radiation (UV), particularly radiation near 280-315 nanometers
(UV-b radiation - 280 - 320 nanometers), can pose significant health and environmental
concerns. During the 1970’s concerns were raised about increasing levels of air pollution in the
stratosphere. that could result in a reduction in the production and accumulation of stratospheric
ozone which attenuates UV radiation reaching the earth’s surface. During the late 1970’s and
early 1980’s additional air pollution threats (chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds)
0
0.
C
U)
0
.0
E
z
C
C
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
Figure 1. Annual number of sunspots (1946-1995) measured by astronomical
observatories.
Year
95
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to the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer were identified and international action was taken during
the 1990’s to reduce the global emissions of air pollutants that caused stratospheric ozone
depletion.
U’V radiation plays an important role in summertime tropospheric (lower atmosphere)
ozone formation, and is useful in determining the potential formation of ozone for a given day.
Measurements of ultraviolet radiation are made at PAMS and other research monitoring sites in
New England. The following figures are from UV data recorded at the Cape Elizabeth, ME
PAMS site.
UV-b radiation follows a seasonal pattern similar to total solar radiation. Ultraviolet
radiation is most intense during the period of late March through mid September. as depicted in
Figure 2. During the period 1995 through 1998 the maximum spring and summer monthly
intensit’ varies by about 10%. The maximum UV-b intensity occurs when the sun is highest
overhead, sometime between 11 am and 2 pm (Figure 3). Cloudy or hazy conditions tend to
attenuate UV-b, but do not completely block UV-b penetration to the surface.
Figure 2. Monthly maximum UV-b radiation (watts/sq. meter) recorded at the Cape Elizabeth
PAMS site in Maine (1995-1998).
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2 1995
1996
1 1997
1998
0.8
0.6
0.4
02
0
0
0
E
0
0
‘5
C
0
4. ’
‘5
‘5
,
Qe
4
+0
‘Q
s
C,
Qe.
Months
:>.
,
96
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Figure 3. Changes in hourly UVb (wafts! sq. meter) recorded at the Cape
Elizabeth, ME PAMS site (July 7, 1996).
2
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1.6
a. 1.4
I-
a,
a’
E 1.2
&
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o r N I t ) C O P- O 0 r N r n ‘ (a CO t- W 0) 0 r N C ’)
r r r r r r r r r r N N N N
Hours
97
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Six Mercury Deposition
Network (NADP/NTN)* Monitoring Sites in New England
Casco Bay
1998
St And rews
New Brunswick
1996
New Castle
*Nationa l Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network
and the Canadian St Andrews site.
*
Greenville 1996
Bndgton
1997
WI
Acadia National
Park 1995
1997
98
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Mercury Deposition Monitoring In New England
Extensive mercury contamination of freshwater lakes and ponds has been documented
throughout New England and Eastern Canada. Wet and dry mercury deposition is of concern due
to its potential to increase the mercury burden to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Over the
next several years regional mercury emission control strategies will be formulated to reduce the
amount of mercury released to the atmosphere. Significant reductions in mercury emissions will
need to reduce the mercury deposition burden in New England and Eastern Canada. As a first
step towards understanding the influence of atmospheric mercury deposition in the region, EPA-
New England and the New England States have recently initiated a regional long-term mercury
monitoring network. The majority of the sites are located in Northern New England.
The Northern New England mercury monitoring network is composed of two urban
coastal, two rural coastal and three inland forest Mercury Deposition Network (MDN)
precipitation monitoring sites. The urban coastal sites are located in Portsmouth (NH) and ten
miles downeast of Portland on the shore of Casco Bay in Freeport (ME). These sites, may be
influenced by a large number of small to moderate local point sources mercury emissions. The
inland forest monitoring sites are located in central Maine, in Greenville and Bridgton, and in
central New Hampshire within the Lake Winnepisaukee watershed (Laconia, NH). The rural
coastal mercury monitoring sites are located along the Gulf of Maine in the Acadia National Park
and in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada. This latter site, although not within the boundary
of New England proper, is considered the far northern site of the network, none-the-less. The
accompanying map indicates the approximate location of these sites.
Most of the MDN sites are collocated with National Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring
Program (NADP) wet-only collectors, which sample t ’acidic” precipitation. Major anions and
cations, as well as pH and specific conductance, are measured at these sites. In addition to the
NADP and MDN data, one site, the Casco Bay Toxics Monitoring Program site at Wolfe’s Neck
(Freeport, ME), also reports weekly concentrations of wet and thy polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs).
Event based sampling for wet-only mercury occurs at four additional sites in New
England: the Acadia National Park where collocated samples are collected using the MDN and
event based collectors; the Proctor Maple Research site in Underhill (VT), the Quabbin Reservoir
(MA), and at the East Providence site in Rhode Island. Event-based precipitation data have been
collected at the Proctor Maple Research site since 1992, and have been reported by researchers
from the University of Vermont and the University of Michigan. The three other sites have
conducted event based monitoring since July 1997. These data will be reported on in a
subsequent report after the data have undergone quality review.
The New England network MDN collectors all operate on the same schedule using the
same protocol. Protocol for the operation of the MDN collector follows standard procedures
outlined by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. Samples collected by the MDN
collectors are a composite of precipitation events that occur during the Tuesday-to-Tuesday
collection schedule. Precipitation samples collected by the MDN collector are overnight
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delivered to Frontier GeoScience, mc, (Seattle, Washington) for chemical analysis.
The concentration and deposition data for the Northern New England mercury network
indicate several spatial and seasonal patterns. Figures 1 and 2 indicate that the highest
concentration of mercury in precipitation and the greatest mercury deposition occur during the
summer months (June through August) at all sites. The winter months (December through
February) record the lowest concentration of mercury and the smallest deposition. More mercury
falls along the coast, and higher seasonal and annual concentrations of mercury occur in
precipitation along the coast. Inland sites within this network appear to have less mercury
deposited on the landscape than coastal sites, sometimes by almost a factor of 2X There is the
suggestion that the farther inland and the farther downwind sites receive less mercury deposition.
This pattern is to some degree, similar to the pattern of sulfate deposition in the region.
Over the next several years, additional data from other urban and rural sites in New
England may help determine whether or not these patterns of deposition extend through out New
England. Data from northern Vermont, central Massachusetts, and Rhode Island mercury
monitoring sites will provide useful data to help support regional efforts to determine the spatial
and temporal patterns of mercury deposition in New England, and support ongoing research on
the importance of mercury contamination in New England.
100
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Figure 1. Seasonal and total mercury deposition for six New England and one
Canadian MDN mercury monitoring sites (1998 data).
Figure 2. The seasonal and annual average volume weighted concentration of
mercury recorded at six New England and one Canadian MDN mercury monitoring
sites (1998 data).
101
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6
4
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AIRS-AQ REGIONAL CONTACTS
Region I: Ms. Wendy McDougall
EPA, Region I
60 Westview Street
Lexington, MA 02421
(781) 860-4323
McDougaII.Wendy EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV
Connecticut: Mr. Victor Yanosy
Department of Environmental Protection
Air Monitoring Section
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(860) 424-3524
Voctor.Yanosy@po.state.ct. us
Maine: Mr. Jeff Emery
Department of Environmental Protection
State House Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 287-2437
Jeff.Emery@state.me.us
Massachusetts: Mr. John Lane
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Air Quality Control
Lawrence Experiment Station
37 Shattuck Street
Lawrence, MA 01843
(978) 975-1138 x304
John.Lane@state.ma. us
New Hampshire: Mr. Kent Finemore
Department of Environmental Services
Air Resources Division
64 N. Main Street
Concord, NH 03302-2033
(603) 271-1382
K_Finemore@des.state.nh.us
Rhode Island: Mr. John Cucco
Rhode Island Department of Health
Air Pollution Laboratory
Health Laboratory Building
50 Orms Street
Providence, RI 02904
(401) 222-5550
Vermont: Mr. George Apgar
Air Pollution Control Division
Agency of Environmental Conservation
103 S. Main St.. Bldg. 3 South
Waterbury, VT 05676
(802) 241-3842
GeorgeA©qtm . anr.state.vt. us
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