L

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Preface I
Time of Travel Data 1
Biology I—i

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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Time of Travel Section
Table 1 Power Generation and Corresponding Flow Rates at GMP
No. 19 and CMP No. 18
Table 2 Results of the November, 1975, Time of Travel Study on
the Lower Winooski River, Vermont
Table 3 Comparison of Time of Travel During Periods of eneration
Only and Combined Generation-Nongeneration
Biology Section
Table 1 Qualitative Benthos Survey
Table 2 Benthos and Substrate Data
Table 3 Winooski River Biology Stations
Figure 1 Biology and Sediment Saripling Stations

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PREFACE
This addendum of the report entitled “Lower Winooski River Study,
Swnzner, 1975’! is divided into two separate and distinct parts: Time
of Travel Data and Biology. Although both are contained in this
addendum, each could stand alone as a separate addendum and, hence,
continuity between them was not attempted. That is, each has its own
Table 1, 2, etc., and the reader should remember this when locating
the referenced tables.

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TINE OF TRAVEL DATA
During November 4 6, 1975, EPA, Technical Studies personnel
conducted a time of travel (T of T) study on the lower Winooski River.
Initially, this second study was to verify the time of travel data at
the four reaches discussed in the June, 1975, study during periods of
power generation as well as during periods of nongeneration. Two
things happened which made the completion of these objectives impossible.
First, high flows in the river limited periods of nongeneration and
caused some freeboards at GMP No. 18 Dam to be broken or lost; thus,
ensuring flow below GNP No. 18 at all times. This, in effect, eliminated
the accuracy of any nongeneration time of travel data in Reaches 1 and 2.
It also biased on the low side the flow going past GNP No. 18 during
generating times as only the flow through the penstock was computed.
The second problem was equipment failure. Three pumps and two
portable generators broke down, resulting in early termination
of the study. This allowed time for only the lower three reaches
to be dyed. The three reaches studied were the following:
Length
Reach Description Kilometers 1i1es
1 Crib dam in Winooski 16.4 10.2
at the U.S. Route 2 and
7 Bridge to the mouth
of the river
2 Green Mountain Power 2.1 1.3
Station No, 18 to
crib dam in 7inooski
3 Green Mountain Power 10.4 6.4
Station No. 19 to
Green Mountain Power
Station No. 18.

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2
The data salvaged from the study is presented in Tables 1—3.
Time of travel was determined by timing the passage of Rhodamine WT
dye between two known distances using recording Turner fluorometers
to detect the dye fluorescence. Sharp normal peaks occurred at all
pickup stations, and the peaks were considered to be the dye centroid
and the corresponding times to be the times of travel. Table 1 shows
the total power produced, hours of generation and corresponding average
daily flow rates during periods of power generation for each dam. The
flow rates do not include seepage under and through the dams or the water
lost through the damaged freeboards at CMP No. 18. There is no estimate
of the amount lost through the damaged freeboards. Table 1 does show
the daily average flow at the U.S. G.S. Gage 2.8 kilometers below CMP No. 19.
Table 2 shows the reach being studied, the dates and times of the
dye dump and pick up, and the distance the dye travelled.
Table 3 states the reach or portion of reach studied, time of
travel for the measured stretch of the reach, projected time of travel
for the total reach, and corresponding velocities. These travel times
and velocities are for periods of combined generation—nongeneration and/
or generation only.
The flow rates through the darn penstocks were somewhat higher during
November than June. Because of the higher flow rates and longer gener-
ation times, some of the river side channel loops which were dry during
the June time of travel study could be flowing. This would make com-
parisons of times of travel at different flows difficult because the
effective channel cross sectional area increases greatly at these places.
A good example of this is the dual channels around the island immediately
below G!1P No. 18. During the June study, the southern channel was

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3
carrying most of the water. If the higher flows in November caused
the northern channel to flow also, the time of travel could increase
even though the river flow increased. No effort was made to determine
what portion of the flow the north channel was carrying, however.
CONCLUS IONS
1. ilydraulics of the river and equipment failure produced incon-
clusive time of travel data.
2. Due to the physical characteristics of the river bed, the
velocity might not necessarily increase nor the time of travel
decrease with an increase in flow.
3. An additional time of travel study should be undertaken in
the s .unmer of 1976 during periods of low flow and corresponding
long periods of non power generation. The four reaches should
be studied for flows during periods of non power generation
only and periods of generation only. Combined times could
be studied if time permits.

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TABLE 1
POWER GENERATION AND CORRESPONDING FLOW RATES AT GNP NO. 19 AND GMP NO. 18
GMP NO. 19 CMP NO. 18
Daily Power Hours of Average Flow Rate** Daily Power Hours of Average Flow Rate
Production Generation During Generation Production Generation During Generation
Date ( Megawatt) (hours) (cms/cfs)*+ ( Megawatt (Hours) (cms/cfs)*+
0000—0400 0000—0530
11/04/75 128.4 0600—2300 44.9/1588 64.5 0800—2400 41.6/1471
0000—0200
11/05/75 126.1 0530—2400 50.1/1770 58.6 0700—2400 42.8/1512
0000—0400
11106/75 120.1 0500—2400 44.2/1560 61.5 0600—2400 38.8/1370
* Does not include seepage at each dam nor loss through faulty and missing flash boards at GKP No. 18.
÷ At CM I ’ No. 19 — 3.85 kilowatt—hours = 1 cfs—hours 0.0283 cms—hours.
At G No. 18 — 2.04 kilowatt—hours = 1 cfs—hours = 0.0283 cms—hours.
** Average daily flow at the U.S.G.S. Gage below GM? No. 19 is 39.1, 36.2, and 33.7 for November 4—6, respectively.
These correspond to an average flow rate during generation of 44.7, 47.0, and 40.4 cms, respectively.

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TABLE 2
REACH STUDIED, DATES AND TIMES OF DYE DUMP AND PICKUP, AND DISTANCE DYE TRAVELLED
Dye Information Distance
Dump Pickup Dye
Time Time Travelled
Reach Date (flours) Date (Hours) Kilometers/Miles
1 11/04/75 0905 11/04/75 2200 11.5/7.2
2 11/05/75 0140 11/05/75 1025 2.1/1.3
3 11/06/75 0615 11/06/75 1500 10.4/6.4

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TABLE 3
RESULTS OF THE NOVEMBER, 1975, TIME OF TRAVEL STUDY ON THE LOWER WINOOSKI RIVER, VERMONT
(9)
(5) (8) Corrected
(3) Observed (6) (7) Corre’ted T of T
(2) Distance (4) Average Hours Corrected Average for the
Total Dye Observed Velocity of Observed Velocity Entire Reach
0.) Length Travelled T of T 3 4 Generation T of T 3 7 2 ÷ 8
Reach Km/miles Km/miles ( Hours) mps/fps ( Hours) ( Hours)* mps/fps ( Hours )
1 16.4/lO.2 11.5/7.2 12.92 0.248/0.811 12.92 12.92 0.249/0.811 18.4
2 2.1/1.3 2.1/1.3 8.75 0.066/2.16 3.42 3.42 0.169/0.554 3.4
3 1O.4/6.4 10.4/6.4 8.75 0.330/1.08 8.75 8.75 0.330/1.08 8.8
* Using the assumption movement is neglible during periods of nonpower generation, the corrected t of t is that
period within the observed t of t that power was being generated at the dam immediately upstream from the reach.
+ The ‘June t of t study indicates this reach as 16.2 Ion long. This is in error. 16.5 Ian is the length which
should be used. The 0.2 km difference does not significantly affect the values of t of t and velocity given
for the June study.
The June t of t study indicates this reach as 10.1 km long. This is in error but does not significantly affect
the t of t and velocity given for the June study.

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BIOLOGY
Benthos, chlorophyll a, sediment-oxygen-demand
A qualitative benthos survey was completed for ten stations
on the lower Winooski River during July-August, 1975, by EPA Region I
Biologists, from the mouth of the river on Lake Champlain to Jericho
a distance of 26.1 miles. Field analysis of substrate composition was
recorded for each station and sediments were collected for bench
sediment-oxygen-demand rates (Figure 1, Table 3).
Phytoplankton blooms were prevalent on the river and probably
caused by the high total phosphorus levels (.02 - .42 mg/i) at all
water quality stations (Report of Data-Table 13). Chlorophyll a
values were mesotrophic 3-20 ugh) for 75% of the water samples,
and eutrophic (‘20 ugh) for 23% of the samples. Only 2% of the
watdr samples had chlorophyll a values that are oligotrophic
(0—3 ugh) (Report of Data-Table 13).
Mean sediment respiration rates were moderate at all stations
(0.10-1.46 gin 0 2 /m 2 /day) and indicates that organic nutrients are not
accumulating in excessive amounts (Table 2).
High dissolved oxygen levels were prevalent in the lower Winooski
River (4. 7-12.0 mg/i) during a period of low flow in July and August
(Report of Data-Table 13).
An extensive qualitative search for macroinvertebrates at each of
I—i

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2.
the ten biology stations yielded abundant life and diversity living
on and in the substrata of various composition.
•Station WR14B in Jericho was the only station with a rock and
stone substratum and was inhabited with a clean water variety of
benthic life, including stoneflies ( Acroneuria abnormis) , rnayf lies
( Stenonema interpunctatum , S. bipunctatum, Isonychia sadleri,
H ptagenia sp.), several caddis flies of genus ( }iydropsyche) , riffle
beetles ( Psephenus herricki) , limpet snails, planarians, alderflies,
and crayfish (Table 1). Eighteen different kinds of animals were
found at Station WR14B and comprised 22% of the total of 82 different
invertebrates collected in the Winooski River at all stations (Table 2).
Gross polluted substrates from severe bottom decomposition pop-
ulated with ‘sewage fungus’ such as Sphaerotilus natans or only one or
two species of the pollution tolerant fauna of sludge worms ( Tubificidae )
and the red midgefly larvae ( Chironomous ) called ‘blood—worms’ was not
found in the lower Winooski River.
Moderate or mild pollution from orgahic enrichment of the substratum
downstream of the several waste water treatment plants is indicated by
the benthic community collected with the pollution tolerant chironomids
and tubificids in the sediments of moderate mean respiration rates.
Station WR1OB is downstream of two waste water treatment plants
(WTO7, W106) and the dominant chironomid larvae are associated with a
1—2

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3.
diverse community of mayflies, caddis flies, riffle beetles, dragon-
flies, cladocerans and snails on a muddy sand substrate with a moder-
ate mean respiration rate of 0.50 grams 0 2 /m 2 /day.
Hydropsyche simulans a pollution intolerant net spinning caddis
fly larvae was the dominant specie living on the sandy substrate with
a fine layer of silt at Station WRO7B located downstream of two more
waste water treatment plants (W’105, WTO4). Associated with the caddis
flies were the mayfly, Pseudocloen ., blood-worm, Chironomous
riparius , alderf].y, Sialis ., planarians, black fly larvae, Simulian
., isopod, Asellus militaris , snail, Physa elliptica , and cyclopoid
copepods. Biological analysis of water quality of Station WRO7B
indicates the water column interfacing the substrate is well aerated
to upport the caddis flies, mayflies and alderf lies, and with
moderate enrichment of the substrate to supply nutrients for the
other species in this community.
Moderate levels of organic contamination is indicated by the
dominance of the facultative amphipod ( Gammarus ) in the benthic
community on the brown mud substrate of Station WRU1B at the mouth
of the Winooski River as it flows into Lake Champlain. The greatest
number of kinds of benthos (21) and percent of total kinds collected
for all ten biology stations (25) were living on the substrate of
Station W1 lB. Mayflies, caddis flies, midgeflies, riffle beetles,
isopods clams, snails, mites and worms were in this abundant and
1—3

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4.
diverse community.
Deposition of sediment from the Winooski River forms a large
alluvial fan into Lake Champlain. Bench respiration of bottom soil
from the shallow embayment (Sta. LCO1S) are low, mean rate of 0.10
grams 0 2 /m 2 /day, indicating that nutrient-bearing materials are not
being deposited, but are probably transported into the deep waters of
Lake Champlain.

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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY

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ThBLE I
Winooski River, Vermont
Qualitative Benthos Survey
July 30 Aug. 6, 1975
Organisms Stations
WRO1B WRO2B WRO3B WRO4B WRO5B WRO6B WPO7B WR1OB WR13B WR].4B
Plecoptera (stoneflies)
Acroneuria abriormis x
Ephemeroptera (may flies)
Stenonema tripunctatum — X
Stenonerna interpunctatum — X X
Stenonema bipunctatuxn x
Heptagenia — x X
Isonychia sadleri X
Polycentropus centralis X
Polycentropus cinerus — X
Neureclipsis — X
Caenis x — — — x —
Pseudocloen — x
Hexagenia bilineata — — x — -
Trichoptera (caddis flies)
Hydropsyche simular 1 s — X X —
l-lydropsyche bifida X
Hydropsyche bronta X
Ilydropsyche recurvata X
Polycentropus remotus X
Hydroosyche — X
Leptocella candida x
Leptocella x —
Agraylea multipunctata x — — —
Limnephilus — - — x

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TABLE I (Con’t.)
Winooski River, Vermont
Qualitative Benthos Survey
July 30 - Aug. 6, 1975
Organisms
Stations
WRO1B WRO2B WPO3B
WRO4B WRO5B WRO6B WRO7B WR1OB
WR].3B WR14B
Neuroptera (alderfly)
Sialis 2 •
Odonata (dragonfly)
Aeschna .
Ei petogomphus
Coenagrionidae
Coleoptera (beetles)
Gyrinus .
Psephenus herricki
Stenelmis .
Agabus !E
Hydaticus
Lepidoptera (caterpillar)
Synclita obliteralis
Diptera (flies)
Simulian
Chrysops
Microtendipes
ç ytochironomous
Paralauterbornje].j.a !2.•
Glyptotendipes
Tany tarsus
Procladius !E
- - x
- x x
x x -
- - x
x
x
x - x x
- x - -
- - - x
- - -
- x -
- - x
- x x
- - x
- x -
- x -
- x -
- - x
x
x
x -
- x
x
- - - x
x - x -
— — x —
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
‘C
-4

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TABLE 1 (Con’t.)
Winooski River, Vermont
Qualitative Benthos Survey
July 30 - Aug. 6, 1975
Organisms
Stations
WRO1B WRO2B WRO3B WRO4B
WRO5B WRO6B WRO7B WR1OB
WR13B WR14B
Pelecypoda (clams, mussels)
Sphaerium •
Pisidium
Margaritifera margaritif era
tJnionidae
x
x
- - - x
- - -
x x - -
Diptera (flies) (Con’t.)
Chironomous riparius
Chironomous sp.
Polypedilum !&.
Alblabesrnyia !2.
Próbezzia
Tanytarsus flavipes
Stilobez ia
Glyptotendipes ( polytomus)
Glyptotendipes ( senelis)
Chironomous ( cryptochironomous)
Polypediluin ( tritum )
x
x
x
x
x
x
.
- x
- x
x -
x -
- x
x x
- x
- x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
-
x
-
-
x
x
x
x
Gastropoda (snails)
Ferrissia tarda
Ferrissia rivularis
Physa elliptica
HelisoTna anceps
Bithynia tentaculata
x
x

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TPaBLE I (Con’t)
Winooski River, Vermont
Qualitative Benthos Survey
uly 30 — Aug. 6, 1975
Organisms
Stations
WRO1B WRO2B WRO3B WRO4B
WRO5B WROGB WRO7B WR1OB
WR13B WR14B
Gastropoda (snails) (Con’t.)
Ferrissia
Ainnicola p.
Gyraulus !E
Physa
Ainnicola limosa
- x -
- x -
x - -
x - -
x - -
Aznphipoda (scuds)
Gainmarus
Gamma rus pseudolimnaeus
Isopoda - (sow bug)
Aseulus militaris
Asellus .
x x -
x
x x
Decapoda (crayfish)
Orconectes propinguus
- - - - x
Cladocera (water flea)
Daphnia
Copepoda (cop epods)
Cyclopoida
Ostracoda (seed shrimp)
x
x x
- - x
- x
Tricladida (planarians)
Dugesia tigrina
Dugesia sp.
— x
0
U
x
-
x
x
x
x
-
-
- x -
- - - - x

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ThBLE I (Con’t.)
Winooski River, Vermont
Qualitative Benthos Survey
July 30 — Aug. 6, 1975
prganisms Stations
WRO1B WRO2B WRO3B WRO4B WRO5B WRO6B WRO7B WR].OB WR13B WR14B
Hydracarina (water mite)
Hydrachna ! x x -
Bryozoa (moss aniinalcules)
Hyalinella punctata - x
Hirudinea (leech)
Placobdella parasitica — X —
Oligochaeta (aquatic worms)
Tubificidae x - x x x X
Limnodrilus . — x
Fridericia — — X
Branchiobdej. lidae — X
Total Kinds — 82 Station Kinds 21 16 14 12 15 14 9 14 12 18
0

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11.
TABLE 2
Winooski River Study
Benthos and Substrate Data
July-Aug., 1975
Station Substrate Dominant No. of %Of Total Mean Respira-
invertebrate Kinds Kinds* tioñ Rate
gIn 0 2 /xn 2 /day
LCO1S sand 0.10
WRO 1B brown mud amphipods 21 .25 0.94
WRO2B sand, gravel inidgeflies, 16 .19 1.20
fine layer axnphipods
sludge
WRO3B brown mud midgeflies 14 .17 1.46
fine sand
WRO4B fine sand inidgeflies 12 .14 0.72
WRO5B sand, silt, midgeflies, 15 .18 0.66
clay amphipods
WRO6B brown mud red midge, 14 .17 0.96
tubificids
WRO7B silt over sand caddis flies 9 .11 0.54
WR 1OB mud, sand midgeflies 14 .17 0.50
WR13B sand, mud mayf lies 12 .14 0.68
WR14B rock, stone inayflies 18 .22
*82 Total kinds collected from all stations.

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12.
TABLE 3
Winooski River Biology Stations
Latitude and Longitude
Stations Latitude Longitude
WRO1B 440 31’ 30” 730 16’ 21”
WR O2B 44 31 45 73 16 04
WR O3B 44 31 40 73 14 44
WRO4B 44 30 38 73 13 40
WR O5B 44 30 13 73 12 32
WI 6B 44 29 24 73 12 02
WRO7B 44 29 17 73 10 58
WR 1OB 44 29 33 73 08 39
WR13B 44 28 53 73 04 54
WR 14B 44 26 32 73 01 13
LCO1S 44 31 45 73 16 39

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Winooski River DATE: April 8, 1976
iiLrL / rii 1 sg1on i
Atrn1 ie Di t b iJ
The following are the errata for the above referenced report as
of March 31, 1976:
Table 1
Lists classes A—D water quality criteria.
Only classes A—C should be listed. Class D
criteria should be deleted.
Water discharge at G No. 18 for 1000 hours on-
08/06/75 does not show the corresponding flow in
cubic meters per second (cms) for 980 cubic feet
per second (cfs).
27.8 cms — 980 cfs.
Graph of river elevation at Station WQO5 for
08/02/75 indicated a straight line at an elevation
of ten inches.
Beginning at 0945 hours, line should rise from
ten inches to 31.5 inches at 1020 hours. Line
should level off at 31.5 inches until 1155 hours
at which time it should fall to an elevation of
ten inches at 1255 hours.
Length in meters of Reach No. 3 shown as 10,058
with corresponding feet as 33,000.
10,400 meters; 34,000 feet.
SUBJECT: Errata for Report Entitled “Lower
Study, Summer, 1975”
FROM:
TO: See Listt Below
Presently:
Should be:
Table 4
Presently:
Should be:
Figure 3
Presently:
Should be:
Appendix I — Winooski River Cross
Presently: Scale—Horizontal
Vertical 1
Should be: Scale—Horizontal
Vertical 1
Appendix II
Page lI—i
Presently:
Sections
1 cm 3.05 meters (1 inch 10 feet).
cm = 0.305 meters (1 inch = l(’foot).
1 cm = 30.5 meters (1 inch = 100 feet).
cm 3.05 meters (1 inch = 10 feet).
Should be:
EPA Fonn 1320.6 (Rev. 6-72)

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2
Table 11—2
Presently:
Hour Observed Calculated
of Distance Pick Up Time of
Dye Travelled Time Velocity Travel
Reach Dump* ( meters) ( hours) ( Mfsec) ( hours )
0920 15454 26.0 0.02 27.2
Should be:
0920 15454 26.0(A) 0.17 27.2
Table 11—2
Presently: Last sentence in footnote (A) ends “. . . the
entire reach 14.6 hours.”.
Should be “. . . the entire reach 14.8 hours.”
Donald P. Porteous
Sanitary Engineer
TO: A. Ikalainen
W. Wirtanen
E. Hall
D. Fierra
E. Taylor
H. Davis
- S & A Library
Region I Library

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