Ltbj a .
I el
ThMPEEATURES OF ThE
CONNECTICUT RIVER AT
HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSE LTS
(1961-1968)
New England Baaina Office
2 eO Highland Avenue
Neeñhaw Hei bta, )laa8achuaetta O219 i

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INTRODUCTION
Since 1961 the Holyoke Water Power Company has recorded water
temperat es in the power canal at their Hadley Falls dam, also known
as Ho].yoke dam, river mile 86.6 (see Figure 1). The company’s tempera-
ture records since April 1961 were made available to the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration. These records, on weekly disc charts,
were continuous to July 1968, except for the period from June 1965 to
April 1966. This data was analyzed to provide background information
for simulating and forecasting river conditions.
ANALYSIS
The maximum and minlimun temperatures were obtained fran each
weekly disc chart • From these values, the monthly maximum and minimum,
and the average monthly ma. dmum and minimum, were obtained and are
presented in the Appendix.
STANDARDS
Massachusetts has set Class B as the standard for the Connecticut
River from the New Hampshire-Massachusetts state line to the Hadley Falls
dam and Class C below the Hadley Falls dam. The Massachusetts Water
Quality Standards, in part, sets the maximum temperature as 83° ? (28.1.1°C)
for warm water fisheries. In any case, the receiving water may not
have a temperature increase of li°F above normal water temperature.
SOURCES OF THERMAL POLLUTION
There are many sources of heat above the Hadley Falls dam (see
Figure 2). The impoundment of the water above the dam and the Mount
Torn fossii e]. pawer -plant are among these.

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STUDY
AREA
HOLYOKE, MASS.
\
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With a capacity of 136,000 kw., the Mount Torn power plant is
located at river mile 92.5 or 5.9 miles above the Hadley Falls dam.
The plant uses approximately 200 cfs of cooling water (12 percent of
the river average 7-day low flow with 10 percent occurrence). The
cooling water temperature is increased by appro 1msitely 12°F based on
heat waste of 9,593 btu/kw and hO percent condenser 1oss.
DISCUSSION
The temperature varied from a minimum of 30° ? (-1.1°c) to a
maximum of 87°F (30.5°C) during the recording period (see Figure 3
and the Appendix). This compares with a range of 33°F (o.6°c) to
80°F (26.6°c) reported in the NENYZAC Report 19 for the Holyoke canal
water temperature. Only one month during which the records were kept
did the temperature exceed 83°F (28.1 1°C) limit.
A high water temperature of 87°F (30.5°C) was reached on July 29,
1963. From July 25 to 29, the average daily air temperature was above
78.6°F (25.9°c) and the river flow on July 28, 1963, was 3110 cfs, the
lowest daily flow recorded during 1963.
The water temperatures below 32°F (0°c) could have resulted from
sufficiently agitated water flowing through the canal.
The NENYIAC 19 Connecticut River Basin Report plotted the average
daily water temperature in the Holyoke canal for an 8-year period (1927
to 1935. Figure 14 shows this plot with the average weekly maximum and
minimum water temperatures (1961 to 1968).
ACKNOW lEDGEMENT
Wie ee T
Power Company who recorded the data and released it to the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration for analysis.

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PAGE NOT
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DIGITALLY

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80
70
60
50
40
30
20
I0
Note :
1927 1935
Data from NENVIAC REPORT
Chapter m
CONNECTICUT
RIVER TEMPERATURES
I L
S
U
LU
0
LU
I-
JAN FEB MAR APR NAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
COMPARISION OF
1927— 1935
AND 1961—1968 DATA

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RE RENCES
1. Memorandum, Department of Army, Corps of Engineers, New England
Division. Subject: Estimate of Cooling Water Recpiirenients -
Memo ; From: Chairman, Coordinating Committee, To: Members
of Coordinating Committee and Participants in Comprehensive
Water and. Related Land Resources Investigation, Connecticut River
Study, Waltham, Massachusetts.
2. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Water Resources Commission, Division
of Water Pollution Control. Water Quality Standards, 1967 ,
Boston, Massachusetts.
3. U • S • Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. Surface
Water Records of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and
Vermont, 1961 .
14 IBID . 1962
5. IBID . 1963
6. IBID . 1964
7. U • S • Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. Water
Resource Data for Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
and Vermont, 1 .
8. IBID . 1966
9. IBID . 1967
10. IBID . 1968
11 • U • S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau. Climatological
Data , New England, Annual Summary, 1961 , 73:13.
12. IBID . 1962 - 74:13
13. IBID . 1963 - 75:13
14. IBID . 19611 - 76.13
15. IBID . 1965 - 77:13
16. IBID . 1966 - 78:13
17. IBID . 1967 - 79:13
18. IBID . 1968 - 80:13
19. New England-New York Interagency Committee. “The Resources of the
New England-New York Region,” Part 2, Chapter XXI, Connecticut
River Basin, 1954.

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APPEI4D]X

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CONNECTICUT RIVER AT HOLYOKE, MA.SSACHUSE1 S
ANALYSIS OF TE ’ERATUBE DATA
SUI’IMARY 1961 to 1968
AVERAGE AVERAGE
MONTH MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM
January 33.0 32.6 31.2 30.0
February 33.0 32.7 31.0 30.0
March 140.0 35.11 32.5 31.0
April 5 14.5 115.5 142.0 33.0
May 714.0 58.1 511.3 115.0
June 80.0 71.3 67.7 59.0
July 87.0 79.11 711.6 70.0
August 81.0 77. 1 73.14 69.5
September 81.0 71.11 67.3 59.5
October 68.5 59.8 56.2 117.0
November 57.0 1158 143.14 36.5
December 140.0 35.2 32.9 31.0

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CONN. RIVER AT HOt YOKE, MASS.
ANAlYSTS OF TEMPERATURE I)ATA
1961
YEARLY
MAxIMuM
DE .F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
MINIMUM TIME
DEG.F
DATE
YEARLY YEARLY STANDARD
AVERAGE AVERAGE DEVIATION
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
81 ,5
1600
7/26/61
31.0
630
12/30/61
62.9 58,3 15.2
14.9
MONTH
MONTHLY
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
AVERAGE AVERAGE
TIME DATE MONTHLY MONTHLY
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
APRIL
46.0
1900
4/23/61
40.5
500 4/18/61 46.0 42.2
MAY
61,5
1900
5/17/61
45.0
800 5/ 1/61 56.6 52,9
JUNE
72.0
2300
6/13/61
61.0
800 6/ 5/61 68.4 67.0
JULY
81.
1600
7/26/61
72.0
1200 7/16/61 78.2 73.9
AUGUST
81.0
1600
8/ 9/61
73.0
1000 8/25/61 79.0 75.0
çEPT
81.0
1600
9/ 5/61
68.0
1100 9/22/61 77.3 72.7
OCT
68.5
900
10/ 3/61
53.0
700 10/28/61 61.5 60.2
1 JflV
57.0
2000
11/ 6/61
40.5
600 11/26/61 49.0 46.1
r, c
38.5
2100
12/ 5/61
31.0
630 12/30/61 35.4 33.3

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CONN. RTVER AT IOIYOKE. MASS.
ANAl YSTS OF TEMPERATuRE OATA
196?
YEARLY
MAXIMUM TIME
DEG.F
79.0 1700
DATE
TIME
YEARLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
31.0
DATE
YEARLY
AVERAGE
MAXIMUM
53.7
YEARLY
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
49.2
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MAXIMUM
17.9
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
16.8
7/ 1/62
300
1/12/62
MONTH
MONTHLY
MAXIMUM
DE .F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
AVERAGE
MONTHLY
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
JAN
33.0
1500
1/ 2/62
31.0
300
1/12/62
32.7
31.2
FEB
32,5
1800
2/ 4/62
33.0
300
2/ 2/62
32.5
31.2
MARCH
39.0
1700
3/30/62
31.5
600
3/ 2/62
35.4
31.9
APRIL
54.5
2100
4/28/62
33.0
600
4/ 2/62
47.0
38,2
MAY
67.5
1500
5/25/62
45.0
2400
5/ 4/62
61.7
54.1
JUNE
78.0
1800
6/18/62
67.5
900
6/15/62
7a.9
70.2
.iuiv
79.0
1700
7/ 1/62
72,0
900
7/28/62
78.3
73,7
AUGUST
78.5
1900
8/ 6/62
70.0
900
8/12/62
76.0
71.5
sEPT
77.0
1400
9/ 4/62
59.5
800
9/30/62
7o. 9
65.5
neT
62.0
1800
10/ 1/62
47.0
700
10/28/62
56.].
5%.I
NflV
44.0
2100
11/11/62
37.0
1200
11/21/62
40.7
40.1
nEC
39.0
1700
12/ 7/62
31.0
2200
12/30/62
35.0
32.R

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CONN. RIVER AT HOl YOKE. MASS.
ANALYSTS OF TEMPERATURE nATA
196
YEARLY
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
MINIMUM TIME
DEG.F
DATE
YEARLY YEARLY STANDARD
AVERAGE AVERAGE DEVIATION
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
87.0
2200
7/29/63
30.0
500
2/ 4/63
54.8 50.9 18.1
16.8
MONTH
MONTHLY
MAXIMUM
DE .F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
AVERAGE AVERAGE
TIME DATE MONTHLY MONTHLY
MAXIMLPM MINIMUM
JAN
33,0
1200
1/11/63
31.0
300 1/22/63 32.7 31.
FEB
33.0
1500
2/20/63
30.0
500 2/ 4/63 32.7 30,q
MARCH
38.0
1600
3/26/63
32.0
300 3/ 6/63 35.2 32.4
APRIL
46.0
1700
4/18/63
34.5
300 4/ 1/63 43.5 40.5
MAY
61.0
1800
5/22/63
50.0
600 5/ 6/63 56.6 54.6
JUNE
80.0
1700
6/ 5/63
67,5
700 6/17/63 73.3 68.5
JULY
87.0
2200
7/29/63
72.0
700 7/ 9/63 82.1 75.6
AUGUST
SEPT
OcT
NOV
81.0
74.0
63.0
51.0
1500
1900
1600
2300
8/ 8/63
9/ 3/63
10/ 9/63
11/ 8/63
70.0
60.0
58.0
46.0
1000 8/30/63 77.q 74,7
1000 9/26/63 67.8 64.0
400 10/14/63 61.5 58,6
800 11/16/63 49.0 47.0
nEC
40.0
100
12/ 2/63
31.0
600 12/21/63 35.5 34.o

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CONN. RIVER
ANAlYSTS OF
AT lOi YOKE, MASS.
TEMPERATURE DATA
1 9h4
YEARLY
MAXIMUM TIME
DEG.F
81,5 2400
DATE
TIME
YEARLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
31.0
DATE
YEARLY
AVERAGE
MAXIMUM
54.9
YEARLY
AVERAGE
M I N I MUM
51.3
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MAXIMUM
18.3
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
17,3
7/21/64
600
1/29/64
MONTH
MONTHLY
MAxIMUM
DE .F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
AVERAGE
MONTHLY
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
JAN
33.0
1100
1/10/64
31.0
600
1/29/64
32.9
31.
FEB
33,0
1700
2/ 5/64
31.0
500
2/ 3/64
33.0
31.4
MARCH
39.0
1800
3/27/64
32.0
600
3/ 3/64
36.5
33.g
APRIL
46.0
1900
4/26/64
39.0
600
4/ 7/64
43.0
42,3
MAY
67.0
1700
5/27/64
54.0
900
5/ 4/64
62.7
59.7
JUNE
78.0
1300
6/27/64
64.5
800
6/ 5/64
73.0
70.0
JULY
81.5
2400
7/21/64
74.0
900
7/11/64
79.9
74,7
AUCWST
79.0
1600
8/ 4/64
69.5
300
8/24/64
75.6
71.3
SEPT
76.0
1400
9/ 1/64
65.0
900
9/20/64
7],4
67.0
Cr1
62.0
1500
1O/ O/64
51.5
700
10/26/64
62.0
56.7
NOV
53.0
1100
11/ 3/64
39.0
300
11/25/64
46.9
44.2
nEC
34.0
300
12/15/64
31.0
500
12/19/64
33.5
31,9

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CONN. RIVER AT HOl YOKE, MASS.
ANALYSTS OF TEMPERATURE DATA
1965
YEARLY
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
AVERAGE
MAXIMUM
YEARLY STANDARD
AVERAGE DEVIATION
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
75.0
1700
6/10/65
30.0
600
1/30/65
46.7
42.7 15.8
13.8
MONTH
MONTHLY
MAxIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
AVERAGE AVERAGE
DATE MONTHLY MONTHLY
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
JAN
32.5
1500
1/ 9/65
30.0
600
1/30/65 32.3 31.1
FEB
33.0
1600
2/13/65
31.0
300
2/ 1/65 32.7 31.5
MARCH
35.0
2100
3/ 7/65
32.0
1100
3/12/65 35.0 32,2
APRIL
44.5
2300
4/11/65
40.0
2400
4/22/65 43.5 41.5
MAY
74.0
1400
5/28/65
51.0
100
5/ 3/65 62.2 58,7
JUNE
75.0
1700
6/10/65
67.5
1000
6/15/65 7 .5 69.2

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CONN. RTVER AT H3(YOKE , MASS.
ANAlYSTS OF TEMPERATURE nATA
1966
YEARLY
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
MINIMUM TIME
DEG.F
DATE
YEARLY YEARLY STANDARD
AVERAGE AVERAGE DEVIATION
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM
STANDARD
DEVIATTON
MINIMUM
82.0
1630
7/ 3/66
31.0
300
12/26/66
61.7 57.2 15.0
14.8
MONTI1
MONTHLY
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
AVERAGE AVERAGE
TIME DATE MONTHLY MONTHLY
MAxIMUM MINII9UM
APRIL
47.0
1600
4/76/66
800 4/30/66 47.0 44.0
MAY
61.0
600
5/28/66
1200 5/ 2/66 53.9 51.5
jUNE
75.5
1930
6/24/66
1000 6/11/66 70.9 68.2
JULY
AUGUST
82.0
80.0
1630
1200
7/ 3/66
8/11/66
2300 7/23/66 80.1 76,1
1000 8/25/66 78.5 74.5
SEPT
78.0
1800
9/ 2/66
600 9/2 /66 70.6 67.6
nrT
59.5
1800
10/10/66
500 10/30/66 56.5 53.7
NOV
51.0
2400
11/ 3/66
1200 11/24/66 46.8 43.5
nEC
39.0
1200
12/11/66
300 12/26/66 36.6 33.6
DEG.F
44,0
45.5
66,0
76,0
72,0
61.0
49 • 0
39 • 0
31.0

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CONN. RIVER Ar HOI YOKE. MASS.
ANALYSTS OF TEMPERATURE rATA
1967
7/31/67
2/ 9/67
MONTHLY
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
YEARLY
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
YEARLY
TIME DATE AVERAGE
MAXIMUM
YEARLY STANDARD
AVERAGE DEVIATION
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
80.0
1600
30.0
100
53.0
49,1 17.5
16.6
MONTH
MAXIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
AVERAGE AVERAGE
DATE MONTHLY MONTHLY
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
jAN
33,0
2000
1/ 9/67
400
1/31/67 32.9 31.5
FEB
33.0
2100
2/ 2/67
100
2/ 9/67 32.7 30.R
MARCH
38.0
2100
3/27/67
600
3/19/67 34.9 31.4
APRIL
47.0
2100
4/29/67
1200
4/ 2/67 43.8 39.9
MAY
55.0
2100
5/20/67
1200
5/ 8/67 52.1 47.5
JUNE
73.0
2100
6/16/67
1200
6/ 4/67 69.7 66.9
JULY
80.0
1600
7/31/67
1500
7/ 7/67 77.5 73.0
AUGUST
78.0
1600
8/10/67
300
8/27/67 77.1 73.7
SEPT
72.0
1500
9/ 7/67
900
9/27/67 70.5 66,g
DEG.F
31.0
30.0
31.0
34.0
45,0
61.0
70.0
72.0
62.0
. . I
LI fl

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CONN. RTvER AT H31 YOKE, MASS.
ANALYSTS OF TEMPERATURE r)ATA
1968
- YEARLY
MAxIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
YEARLY
AVERAGE
MAXIMUM
YEARLY STANDARD
AVERAGE DEVIATION
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
STANDARD
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
82.0
1800
7/17/68
30.0
1100
1/ 1/68
50.0
45.9 17.0
15.4
MONTH
MONTi-ILY
MAxIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
DATE
MONTHLY
MINIMUM
DEG.F
TIME
AVERAGE AVERAGE
DATE MONTHLY MONTHLY
MAxIMUM MINIMUM
JAN
33.0
900
1/11/68
30.0
1100
1/ 1/68 32.5 30.9
FEB
33.0
2000
2/23/68
30.0
800
2/12/68 32.7 30.7
MARC4
40.0
1000
3/31/68
32.0
600
3/ 2/68 35.5 33,3
APRIL
54.5
2100
4/23/68
43.0
1300
4/ 7/68 50.0 47.1
MAY
61.5
2000
5/17/68
55.0
800
5/ 7/68 59.1 55,9
JUNE
72.0
2100
6/ 9/68
59.0
1100
6/29/68 67.6 61.7
JULY
82.0
1800
7/17/68
70.5
1300
7/ 7/68 79.8 75.2

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