I GROVETON SURVEY Upper Ammonoosuc River & Connecticut River Near Lancaster and Groveton, New Hampshire September 1973 ------- Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Introduction . Approach.. Station Location.. Flow Data Time of Travel.... Analytical Data... Physical Data Conclusions. .................l .... . . . . .1 S.... 2 3 .3 .4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 . . . . . . 5 Title List of Tables Table No Location of Sampling Stations Flow Data . 7 dlOy Low Flow TimeofTravelSummary Analysis of Samples from StationOlthruO8 .......... VIthruXIII Cross Section Data......,..........................XIV Map Showing General Location . A High Flow Time of Travel . . . . . . . . B Low Flow Time of Travel . . . tt fl Sediment Composition . . Benthic c xygen Demand. Report on Mathematical Model from Systems Analysis. F .SSSS..SS. S. SSS S.S S SSS4 S S S 55SSSSS S SSSSSSSS 55 S S S S 5555SSS 5S5SSSS S I II III IV Append ic ies ------- CR0 VETON SURVEY During the period September 8 through September 14, 1973, Region I, United States Environmental Protection Agency personnel conducted a survey on the Upper M monoosuc River. and Connecticut River in the State of New Hampshire near Lancaster and Groveton. The purpose of the survey was to verify a mathematical model of the Upper Arm on.oosuc River and Connecticut River below Groveton Paper Company. The model was established to develop discharge limitations for Groveton Paper Company. This report is not intended to be an interpretation of the results, but rather a swnmary of the data collected during the study period. I. Approach The concept of sampling was to evaluate the changes in a slug of water as it traveled downstream. This allows the evaluation of the effects of a specific mill loading on the mixing and natural purification of the river. To accomplish this type of evaluation, the sampling at each station was based on the time of travel between stations. Pursuant of the objectives of this survey, several types of data were collected: 1.) Time of Travel and Flow Data Two time of travel studies were completed, one at high flow done during June 1973 and at a lower flow done during the study period. Flow data was also compiled during the time of travel studies. ------- 2 2) Analytical Data At each sampling station, six (6) grab samples were taken at four (4) hour intervals. Section V expands on the method and types of samples collected and composited. 3) Physical Data During and after the study period, cross sections of the river were measured and dredge samples taken to determine the type of material forming the river bed. II. Station Location The following is a description of the station locations followed by a Table shoving river miles from Groveton Paper Company and latitude and longitude. The locations are also pinpointed in the maps in Appendix A. GAOl Upper Ammonoosuc River, upstream of the intake dam at Groveton Paper Co. GAO2 Upper Ammonoosuc River, at the railroad bridge downstream of the darn below Groveton Paper Co. GAO3 Upper Ainmonoosuc River, 300m upstream of the confluence with the Connecticut River. GAO4 Connecticut River, 300xn upstream of he confluence. GCO5 Connecticut River, approximately 600 tn downstream of the confluence. GCO6 Connecticut River, approximately 10,000 m downstream of Groveton Paper Co. at the Northumberland Dam. GCO7 Connecticut River, at the Rt. 2 bridge between Lancaster, New Hampshire and Guild Hall, Vermont. ccO8 Connecticut River at the covered bridge approximately 32,500 m downstream of Groveton Paper Company. ------- Table I Location of Sampling Stations Kilometers Station # downstream of Groveton Paper Co. Latitude Longitude GAOl .32 (upstream) (miles 0.2 440 36 05 . 710 30 20 GAO2 .80 0.5 44° 35 31 710 31 01 GAO3 4.0 2.5 44° 35 26 710 32 03 GCO4 4.3 (+.32 mi.upstream in Conn. River) 2.7 44° 35 17 710 32 23 GCO5 5 6 3.5 440 34 55 710 32 23 GCO6 10.5 6 5 440 33 53 71° 33 31 GCO7 23 3 14 5 440 29 44 71° 35 3 GCO8 32.2 20.0 44° 27 35 710 39 10 ------- 3-. III. Flow Data Table II lists the flow data for the Connecticut and Upper Aionoosuc Rivers during the time of travel and study periods. The data was compiled from readings taken at the United States Geological Survey Gaging Stations.* From a report entitled SevenDay Low Flow Analysis New England Stream Caging Stations prepared by Systems Analysis Branch, E.P.A., Region I dated April 12, 1973, the 7day, 10year flow for the gaging stations in the study area were extracted.and are listed in Table III. IV. Time of Travel For the study, two time of travel surveys were completed, one at high flow in June and another during the water quality survey at a lower flow. The time of travel surveys are divided into five main reaches. The data is summarized in Table IV, and the reaches are described below arid are located in the maps in Appendix A. Reach #1 The Upper Animonoosuc River from the railroad bridge below Groveton Paper Company to the confluence with the Connecticut River. Reach #2 The Connecticut River from the confluence with the Upper Axnrnonoosuc River to the Dam in Northumberland, N.H. Reach #3 The Connecticut River from the Dam in Northumberland, to the Rt. 2 Bridge between Lancaster, N.H. and Guildha].1, Vt. *The readings at the gaging stations were made by the people at New England Electric Company and made available to us by the same. ------- Table II Flow Data Time & Date of Reading North Stratford, N.H. Connecticut River Dalton, N.H. Connecticut River Stark, N.H. Upper Aimnonoosuc River cms (cfs) cms (cfs) cms (cfs) 61273 8am 24.8 876 63.0 2223 12.3 434 4pm 34.3 1212 19.8 699 61373 8am 64.1 2265 86.1 3040 45.7 1615 4pm 80.8 2852 122.1 4310 47.2 1667 61473 8am 73.5 2596 165.6 5848 57.2 2020 4pm 59.1 2088 5658 50.9 1797 61573 8am 56.8 2004 147.1 5194 39.2 1384 4pm 51.2 1808 134.8 4760 33.7 1190 61673 8am 40.9 1444 114.6 4048 26.8 946 4pm 88.5 3124 126.8 4478 48.7 1719 9973 8am 33.2 1173 70.1 2476 7.3 258 4pm 24.2 854 70.1 2476 6.8 241 91073 8am 18.9 665 44.3 1565 6.5 229 4pm 13.7 482 42.8 1510 6.3 222 91173 8am 10.6 375 38.4 1355 6.0 213 4pm 10.1 355 34.4 1214 5.9 210 91273 8am 9.9 351 20.4 720 6.0 213 4pm 9.7 342 22.4 790 5.9 210 91373 8am 9.4 333 24.1 850 5.9 207 4pm 9.2 324 24.1 850 5.8 204 91473 8am 9.3 328 24.1 850 5.6 198 4pm 9.2 324 20.4 720 5.5 195 91573 8am 21.4 755 20.4 720 5.9 210 4pm 27.8 980 20.2 715 6.1 216 91673 8am 28.8 1016 26.9 950 6.2 219 4pm 28.4 1004 44.0 1555 6.2 216 ------- Table III 7day, 10year Low Flow Data Station Low Flow North Stratford, New Hampshire Connecticut River 4.6 s (164 cfs) Dalton, New Hampshire 10.1 cms (355 cfs) Connecticut River Stark, New Hampshire 1.4 c s ( 48 cfs) Upper Ammonoosuc River ------- Table i Time of Travel Su i*ry Run #1 Run 02 Run #3 Reach 01 3.9 km (2.4 iiii.) Flow cms (cf s) 34.0 (1200) 6.7 (235) 5.8 (205) Time (hrs.) 1.25 7.04 7.33 Vel. rn/s (fps) .85 (2.8) .15 (0.5) .15 (0.48) Reach #2 5.5 km (3.4 ml.) Flow cms (cfs) 159 (5600) 68.0 (2400) 48.1 (1700) Time (hre.) 2.75 6.8 7.33 Vel. rn/s (fps) .55 (1.8) .22 (0.73) .21 (0.68) Reach #3 13.0 kin (8.]. mi,) Flow cms (cf a) 99.1 (3500) 42.5 (1500) 28.3 (1000) Time (hrs.) 10.9 15.6 11.64 Vel. rn/s (fps) .33 (1.1) .23 (0.76) .31 (1.02) Reach #4 9.3 km (5.8 ml.) Flow cms (cfs) 63.7 (2250) 41.1 (1450) 41.1 (1450) Time (hrs.) 10 10.76 13.5 Vel. rn/s (fps) .26 (0.85) .24 (0.79) .19 (0.63) Reach 05 5.0 km (3.1 mi.) Flow cms (cf a) 63.7 (2250) 38.2 (1350) 36.8 (1300) (hrs.) 7.7 10.1 9.3 rn/s (fps) .18 (0.59) .14 (0.45) .15 (0.49) ------- 4 Reach #4 The Connecticut River from the Route 2 Bridge to the Covered Bridge near Lunenberg, Vt. Reach #5 The Connecticut River from the Covered Bridge to the Railroad Bridge approximately 5 kilometers downs tr earn. Detailed sunmiaries of each time of travel survey are included as Appendicies B & C. V. Analytical Data Samples were collected at four (4) hour Intervals as grab samples for a 20 hr. period, or six (6) grab samples. A portion of the samples were composited in the following manner equal portions of the first and second, third and fourth, and fifth and sixth samples were combined to make three (3) composite samples to reduce the analytical work load. Grab samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and coliform bacteria. In addition, three (3) grab samples at each station were analyzed for chlorophylla. The composited samples were analyzed for total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total phosphorus and biochemical oxygen demand. In Tables VI through XIII the data from stations one through eight is summarized. VI. Physical Data In addition to the water quality sampling that was done on the river, we recorded river crosssections which are summarized in Table XIV. ------- 5 Bottom samples were looked at and it was determined that the river bed was basically hardpan and rock with very few sludge deposits. It was determined in the laboratory that this type of bed had a benthic oxygen demand of approxImately 0.9 gm/dIm 2 of oxygen in the Upper Aminonoosuc River and approximately 0.6 gm/d/m 2 of oxygen in the Connecticut River. Reports relative to sediment composition and benthic oxygen demand are included as Appendicies D and E. VII. Conclusions The analysis of the data presented in this report was done by our Systems Analysis Branch within the framework of a mathematical model of the study area. Their report of the interpretations of the data is included as Appendix F. A conclusion drawn from this work was that with the installa- tion of Best Practical Treatment only, Water Quality Limits would be violated in the Upper Ammonoosuc River. ------- Table VI Analysis of Samples from Station GAOl Total Dissolved Solids (c /1 ) Total Phosphorus (nz/1)_________ 7daL O_d y_ - !2_d y_ - - 18 d y 2d j 0 1 _ - a a a a 3 a a a a , - a a a . c . - η. _. a S Sl 9/11 2330 J 9/12 0530 1 a . :::::: :::::: 3 4 S S S Date/tine 9/11 0900 9/11 1300 9/11 1700 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/i) Temperature (C°) 14 14 14 13 (su) 7.5 7.0 6.4 6.2 6.1 9/11 2035 9.3 12 7.5 9.0 Total Coliforin/l00 ml 1,700 1,100 2,400 800 600 230 18 30 Fecal Coliform/100 ml 34 20 25 4 Chlorophyll a (ugh) 1.54 1.31 0.84 - Total Suspended Solids ( n I) 44 25 25 a 35 BOD (mg/i) 0.04 19 0.04 27 K 0.02 0 - 1 - a a - a - - a 13d!y 3 - a a 16d y 3 - - a a a as 19d y 4 a a a S 23d y 5 _f _ a S a sasasa 5 5 K Less than ------- Total Phosphorus (t t /1 Table VII Analysis of Samples from Station GAO2 3 da 5 da 7 da - 12_d y_ - 15_d. y_ - 18 d y 22d y - - - ..lZeflflfl.. - 12 - - 14 13d!y 25 16d y l9dav a 23 d y 34 __l 1 _s. a _J r; .2 L 32 46 - n. 56 - a a, 66 - _. .1_i - 46 6.4 - L - 87 101 a 105 a fl e - Date/time 9/11 0800 9/11 1230 9/11 1630 9/11 2115 9/12 0035 9/12 0630 Temperature (C°) 14 16 17 14 14 12.5 pH (su) 6.5 7.1 7.7 6.5 7.4 7.0 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/i) 8.8 5.9 8.4 Total Coliforin/100 ml 3,100 29,000 39,000 20,000 25 000 27,000 Fecal Coliform/100 ml 820 880 - 820 380 570 520 Chlorophyll a (ugh) 1.9 6.2 2.4 Total Suspended Solids (gil) 241 302 25.1 Total Dissolved Solids (ng/1) a 173 234 . 208 BOD (mg/i) 0.12 0.10 0.08 ------- Table V I y isof Samples from Station CAO3 Date Itine Temnerature (C° H (su) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/i ) Total Coliform/100 ml Fecal Coliform/100 ml Chlorophyll a (ugh ) Total Suspended Solids - Total Dissolved Solids (ric/fl Total Phosphorus (T Q /1 ) 1 3da 7da - - - - 250 9 a 12 ::::: ::::::: S ? 1 a a 43 - 45 a a 47 a 5Q 8 a a a a a a a a a 27 a a a a 67 - 86 ii 101 107 a J L4 a J 2 .9 _ _ a 16 17 9/11 1430 9/11 1800 9/11 2330 9/12 0240 9/12 0740 9/12 1030 6.7 1.700 34 14 12.5 12.5 6.2 7.3 6.9 7.6 6.7 7.0 2,400 800 600 6.2 1 100 20 8.1 17 7.1 5.1 230 25 4 292 18 9.9____ 7.9 BOD (mg/i) 292 249 0 08 0.08 284 200 0.08 11 a a a a a a a a 37 - a - 59 - a - 781 a a a a a 13 d y 79 - 16 day 88 a a a a a 19 d y 94 a 95 a a a a a a a ------- Table xx Analysis of Samples from Station CCO4 1 daL 3 da 7da !0_d y_ - 2_d y_ - - - - 1 - a - C - a - a a 13d!y - 16d y l 9 d c 23d y a a a 9/12 0800 q 12 103fl 12.5 16 6.9 6.8 8.8 8.1 9 )nn - a 1 2 - a a _2_ _ a _4_ a 5 6 Date/time 9/11 1500 9/11 1830 pH (su) Temperature (C°) 14 .15 14 6.9 6.2 9/i.1 2400 9/12 0300 ___________ 13 6.4 6.3 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/i) 8.9 - 8.6 Total Colifortn/100 ml 1,700 260 2.900 2 .700 Fecal Coliform/100 ml 40 44 - 100 120 Chlorophyll a (ugh) -- 2.2 1.70 . Total Suspended Solids ( -./1 1 390 63 Total Dissolved Solids (rp/1) 3 Total Phosphorus (tigll) 0.04 A BOD (mg/i) 64 9fl O.85 60 0,04 44 32 0,04 1 a a 1 2 a a 3 - a 4 - a a a a a 5 a a a a 5 7 a a a ------- Total Suspended Solids (.rr, /1 Table X Analysis of Samples from Station GCO5 3 da 5 da - - - - - - 5 8 S fj S W - 1 1 L 15 -1 _I ;_. S - 2 r a Date/tirte 9/11 1650 9/11 1845 9/12 0405 9/12 0015 9/12 0800 9/12 1130 Temperature (C°) 15 15 - 13 14 13 15 pH (su) 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.3 7.0 7.3 Dissolved 0xy en (mg/i) 7.9 7.6 7.8 7.8 Total Coliforrn/l00 ml 5,700 10,000 20,000 23,000 30,000 41,000 Fecal Coliform/100 ml 66 70 300 690 610 840 Chlorophyll a (ugh) 3.31 1.76 3.08 Total Dissolved Solids I (nc/l) Total Phosphorus 96 106 BOD (ing/1) 88 102 . 60 0.05 0.05 86 0.04 2 a - a a - -a 12 13d y 16d j T4 l9d y Ts a 23 d y T6 6 - - 5 - 1 o- _. 11 a a - 15 Th 14 a S a 14 :::: :::L ------- Table X I Analysis of SamDles from Station GCO6 lda 3 - - 3da!. 6 5 da - 8 - a 7da 9 - - a - 10 d y 11 12d y 13:d :::1 :::::: 15 d y 16 d y 13 - - 18 d y 19 d y 15 - - - 2_d y_ - 3_d y_ J L 28 day 18 - a 6 13 a a 14 1. . ii 18 - _ .2. 7 - a - - 13 a a 24 - 24 21 22 a Date! time Temperature (C°) 9/11_2215 9/12 0150 D l i (su) 14 14 9/120710 9/12 0930 6,2 6.2 Total Coliform/100 ml Dissolved Oxygen (mg/i) 7.9 7.7 7.3 12.5 15 6.5 6.8 11,000 22,000 Chlorophyll a (ugh) Fecal Coliform/100 ml 620 950 L 150 9/12 1230 9/12 1530 16 15 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.0 Total Suspended Solids (r , /1 21,000 28,000 4.11 L 5,000 61 45,000 49,000 4.32 3.18 BOD (mg/i) Total Dissolved Solids ( ipJ1) 37 60 Total Phosphorus L i I) 0.06 -- 0.04 1,300 3.35 80 109 69 0.06 L Greater than ------- T b Iθ X I ! Mta1 ,rsiτ of 1 Samples from Station CCO7 Fecal_Colifortn/l00 ml Total Phosphorus (trc /l) 3 da 5 da 7 da Od y_ - - - l8d y - - 2 ::::::: :::::: 5 c a - - a 7 - a a 7 a a a 2 a a a 7 a 1- a a. a a I 10 - 11 - a fl - r3 - a 1 800 670 2.02 3 _5__ a a . S -i a 10 11 1. . a a Date/time Temnerature (C° ) -iR su Dissolved Oxygen (mgil) Q/1 fl7 (1 Q119 iAnn 14 6.7 7.3 g/I, lfflfl 9/1 20C 15 14 : 6.7 6.1 13 6.1 Total Coliform/l0O ml 17,000 30,000 30,000 12,000 12,000 13 13.5 6.5 Total Suspended Solids fr..., /1 \ Chlorophyll a (ugh) 1.33 1.88 3.09 1,000 410 490 360 910 S. 83 Total Dissolved Solids (r /l) ? BOD (mg/i) 85 0,04 L 0.02 91 86 L 0.02 L Greater than ------- Table X i i i Analysis of Samples from Station GCO8 Date/time Temnerature (C° ) pH (su) Dissolved Oxygen_(mg/i) Total Coliform/lO0 ml Fecal Coliform/lOO ml Total Dissolved Solids (i c/fl Total Phosphorus (r Ifl 1 da 3da 7da - 2_d y_ - - i8d y 2_d y_ - - 9/13 0100 9/13 0500 9/12 2045 9/13 0930 1 a - T . a a T - a a 9/13 1315 9 13 1700 1 a a 3 - - - Th 17 δ 21 a a ::::::: :::L 13 .13 6.1 62 13 7.4 6.0 4,500 14 15 15 4,100 Chlorophyll (ugh) 610 4,900 420 6.5 5.8 6.6 8,500 6,100 8,000 680 2 22 350 250 Total Suspended Solids ______________________________ 90 82 71 1.88 80 BOD (ing/1) 170 2.62 L 0.02 80 L0.. 02 fl-n, 1 a 2 a 3 - - - - - a 7 a 8 a a a a L Greater than ------- Table XIV CrossSection Data Connecticut River Croveton Survey River kilometers downstream from the Confluence (miles) River Width rn (ft) 113 off m river west Depth Measurements Cross Section Area m 2 ft 2 width I bank I (ft) mid m point (ft) 113 off m river east width bank (ft) .97 upstr. .32 upstr. .32 .40 1.20 1.77 2.49 3.38 3.86 4.02 5.15 5.30 5.79 6.68 7.72 8.69 9.33 11.42 13.76 15.12 15.92 16.57 17.46 19.15 (0.6) (0.2) (0.2) (0.25) (0.75) (1.1) (1.55) (2.10) (2.4) (2.5) (3.2) (3.3) (3.6) (4.15) (4.8) (54) (5.8) (7.1) (8.55) (9.40) (9.9) (10.3) (10.85 (11.90 30.5 (100) 36.6 (120) 61.0 (200) 61.0 (200) 83.8 (275) 36.6 (120) 45.7 (150) 61.0 (200) 39.6 (130) 61.O (200) 68.6 (225) 56.4 (185) 53.3 (175) 61.0 (200) 48.8 (160) 53.3 (175) 45.7 (150) 61.0 (200) 68.6 (225) 51.2 (170) 48.8 (160) 68.6 (225) 53.3 (175) 48.8 (160) .49 3.3 3.0 .40 1.5 1.1 3.9 3.7 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.0 1.3 4.1 0.6 1.5 1.8 7.5 2.3 1.2 3.7 (1.6) (10.8) (9.8) (1.3) (4.8) (3.6) (12.8). (12.3) (6.3) (5.9) (8.0) (3.6) (4.4) (3.4) (6.6) (4.3) (13.4) (2.0) (4.9) (5.9) (24.5) (7.6) (4.0) (12.2) 11.1 ( 3 ,5)1 .52 14.0 (13.0 Ii.ψ 1.9 ( 6.2) I .8 11.6 ( 5.3) 13,0 11.6 ( Ij 5 p 2 . 9 97) l5 9 152 (17.0) 12.0 p2,5 ( 8.2) 12,0 I 3.8 (12.4) 14,7 I 2.3 ( 7.6) 12.1 I 2.6 ( 8.5) 11.9 I 2.9 ( 9.5) 11.8 11.9 ( 6.3) 11.7 11.6 ( 5.3) 12.4 11.4 ( 4.6) I .7 11.3 ( 4.4) 11.6 14.6 (15.2) 13.7 I .8 ( 2.6) I .9 11.5 ( 4.8) 11.5 I 2.7 ( 8.8) I .9 I 7.9 (25.8) 13.4 I 1.4 ( 4.6) 11.3 I 37 (12.0) 15.4 I 4.5 (14.7) 13.1 ( 1.7) C 3.3) ( 2.6) (10.0) ( 5.0) (193) ( 6.7) ( 6.6) (15.4) ( 6.8) ( 6.2) ( 5.8) ( 5.5) ( 8.0) ( 2.2) ( 5.4) (12.3) ( 3.0) ( 4.9) ( 3.0) (11.1) ( 4.4) (17.8) (10.3) 15.8 75.5 86.4 77.1 97.1 90.9 127.2 125.9 102.9 94.3 118.6 81.2 65.9 77.6 49.8 57.3 142.5 35.3 80.0 69.9 228.2 86.8 137.4 138.2 ( 170) ( 813) ( 930) ( 830) (1045) ( 978) (1369) (1355) (1108) (1015) (1277) ( 874) ( 709) ( 835) ( 536) ( 617) (1534) ( 380) ( 821) ( 752) (2456) ( 934) (1479) (1488) ------- - - (5, 5 / . _S)S - . ,f j I r l A: I tf H dho / / ) Mtn - _ /: \\\\ \\ η: ) / \ - -: : ) ., \\ BatdMtfl\ L - . . ) , - \S 5 \ S __ (_ - - 1 = - /N. - e ooi - : / - ( - I ) /S_S ,- ) - , H N - r .5= - ,I - _ - - 5__f / T . \ - 5-- - F . 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SCALE ROAD CLASSIFICATION 32 Z- 01 I- : - r ) 440 / 54 I / 1 5- - 5 493$ 4937 36 4935 4934 4933 ------- ______ 72 ( , / i - - % I a / * 9 - - - . - c: I - - - V 4 i i 1 ii _____ ) / / Or e Mount, I ( I - I ) - I 1 I 1= 0 - - , - ..S, I . - - -. 5, I - - Q 1 -.. - - : ; I - - - I - / .. .. /,,,, r -_ J i I i til ILl / 75 G w W(. ,Q5 4 - ,, - , J V ) - I p 1 η-ffe 4 - J - L / - r ___ I - - - / --.. -r ---- - - - - . / 7 - /y __ _______ - ____ tJL 5 - , _ - I - J) J 4 5 S. . - .. > \ η / , __t C- . . --st - - - t - - , .. - - - l . 5 j_ . . -. B .\\ - I - - - / / : C / , I Ii I / I \ \ I I \ ,-/ ___S\ ( [ . 1T T- -. *-Hr - . I; v ... . : / Wiih e iI)/ ( 5 . 5 - . \ I U I - I - J ( - L I / __ _, /S - - T- 1 , ) ,/ .-Ci / ;1 -, - - , T. C - - Ό . c ; > i P I tII -. ) W (LI I, . / i L t tja;li . - s; ; r ------- APPENDIX B HIGH-FLOW TIME OF TRAVEL STUDY CONNECTICUT AND UPPER AIIMONOOSUC RIVERS June 12 15, 1973 A time of travel study was conducted on the Upper Anunonoosuc River from the lower dam in Groveton, New Hampshire to the confluence with the Connecticut River and from the confluence with the Connecticut River 22.6 miles downstream to the dam at Gilman, Vermont. The study was conducted to provide preliminary time of travel data for a future water quality study and mathematical modeling purposes. The study area was broken into four primary reaches on the Connecti- cut River and one on the Upper Ammonoosuc River. The reaches used were as follow: Reach 1: Gilman, Vermont dam to a covered bridge 5.3 miles upstream. - Reach 2: Covered bridge 5.8 milee upstream to a steel bridge between Lancaster, New Hampshire and Guildhall, Vermont. (This steel bridge will henceforth be referred to as the Guildhall Bridge.) Reach 3: Guildhall Bridge 8.2 miles upstream to the dam at North- umberland, New Hampshire. This reach was split into two subreaches, 4.0 miles long and 4.2 miles long. However, the data for the reach is reported for the full length of 8.2 miles. Reach 4: Dam at Northumberland, New Hampshire 3.4 miles upstream to the confluence of the Connecticut and Upper Ammonoosuc Rivers. Reach 5: From the confluence of the Connecticut and Upper Anunonoosuc Rivers 2.4 miles upstream to the first dam on the Upper Amnionoosuc River. Flow data for the Connecticut River was obtained from the U. S. Geological Survey gaging station at Dalton, New Hampshire. Flows for the Upper Ammonoosuc River were obtained at the gaging station on that river ------- 2 near Groveton, New Hampshire. Flows at the gage on the Upper Animonoosuc River may not be representative of flows in Reach 5. This is due to Groveton Papers controlling the flows in the river at three dams between Reach 5 and the gage. Weather conditions during the study period varied from generally overcast skies to seveze thunder storms. Due to these heavy rains, the flow in the Connecticut River increased by 2667 c.f.s. during the study period. Attachment 1 provides the reaches, their lengths, the time of travel for each reach, the average velocities in feet per seond and flow data at the two gages for the study period. ------- REACH DISTANCE/KILOMETERS TIME OF TRAVEL VELOCITY rn/sec (f tie) (Miles) Covered Bridge 6/12 8.5 (5.3) *13 hours .18 ( .59) To Gilman Dam Guild Hall Bridge 6/12 9.3 (5.8) 10 hours .26 ( .85) to Covered Bridge Northumberland Dam 6/13 13.2 (8.2) 10.9 hours .34 (1.10) to Guild Hall Bridge Confluence Conn. and Upper 5.5 (3.4) 2.75 hours .55 (1.8) Ammonoosuc Rivers to Northumberland Dam 6/14 RR Bridge in Groveton 6/15 3.86 (2.4) 1.25 hours .85 (2.80) to Confluence FLOWS AT DALTON GAGE FLOWS AT U. ANMONOOSUC GAGE Date Reading Time Flow Date Reading Time Flow m 3 /s m 3 /s 6/12 9.17 @ 0810 4.2 (2267 cfs) 6/14 4.54 @ 1010 50.63 (1788 cfs) 6/13 10.07 @ 0950 94.1 (3321 cfs) 6/15 4.04 in A.M. 35.9 (1266 efe) 6/14 11.87 @ 0920 170.5 (6022 cfs) 6/15 11.29 @ 0830 139.7 (4934 cfs) * This is an approximate value. ------- APPENDIX C Low Flow Time of Travel Study Connecticut and Upper Ammonoosuc Rivers Sept. 913, 1973 A second Time of Travel Study was conducted on the Upper Ammonoosuc and Connecticut Rivers. The study area was the same as that during the low flow study,that is, from Groveton Paper Co. on the Upper Ammonoosuc River to a dam at Gilman, Vt. approximately 23 miles downstream in the Connecticut River. Because the Time of Travel Study immediately preceded the water quality sampling, the dye was injected at Groveton Paper Co. and reinjected as needed on the way downstream. During the survey, two dye patches were followed, the second having a 1215 hour lag time from the first. Table 1 describes major points of interest, the miles downstream from Groveton Paper Co., and the locations for each run when the dye was located; therefore forming the subreaches for which is reported the date, the length of reach, and the time it took the dye peak to travel between those points. The si.mixnary also includes the high flow time of travel. Flow data for the low flow time of travel survey is summarized in Table 2. ------- Table 1 Stmtm ry of Low Flow Time of Travel Study Groveton Survey ription of Location Miles From G.P.C. High Flow Low Flow Run //1 Run /12 Run //3 Date: 6/15 L= 3.9 km. T= 1.3 hrs. DaIi L= 1.3 km. T= 3.0 hrs . Date: 9110... L= 5.8 km. - T 10.6 hrs. Date: 9/13 L= 4.5 km. T= 8.7 hrs. 010 .5 .8 -- 4.0 2 - 4.7__.13 61 4 9.0 9 10.1 12 18 15 9 10 18 I Date: 6/14 L= 5.5 km. T= 2.7 hrs. )ate: 9/9 ..= 5.5 km. T= 6.8hrs. Date: 9/13 L= 50 kin. T= 9.]. hrs. * Date: 9/13 eL 10.3 kit. T= 7.2 hrs. )ate: 9/10 :.= 10.8 km. T= 13.5 hrs. Date: 6/13 L= 13.0 km. T= 10.8 hrs. foot bridge R.R. Bridge Conf luence Northumberland Dam 112 - - . . - 21_I.13 Guildhall or__. Lancaster Bridge 14 :: ::. .--..- 29.6 i 18 30, 19 Covered Bridge 32.5 20 21 -- - r Bridge ilman Dam - 36 I 22 36.5 i 23 37.8 124 41.0 I Date: 9/10 L=15.6 kin. T=13.9 hrs. 23.2 23.8 Date: 6/12 L= 9.3 km. T10.0 hrs. )ate: 9/11 L= 8.7 km. T=12.8 hrs. )ate: 9/10 = 8.7 km. r= 8.7 hrs. Date: 9/il L= 6.9 km. T=14.0 hrs. Date: 6/12 L= 8.5 km. - T=13.2 hrs. Date: 9/11 L= 5.3 km. T= 9.9 hrs. ------- Table 2 Low Flow Time of Pr ve1 Flow Data Time & Date of Reading North Stratford, N.H. Connecticut River Dalton, N.H. Connecticut River Stark, N.H. Upper Azmnonoosuc River cms (cfs) cms (cfs) cms (cfs) 9973 8am 33.2 1173 70.1 2476 7.3 258 4pm 24.1 854 70.1 2476 6.8 241 91073 8ai 18.8 665 44.3 1565 6.5 229 4p 13.7 482 42.8 1510 6.3 222 91173 8ai 10.6 375 38.4 1355 6.0 213 4pt 10.1 355 34.4 1214 5.9 210 91273 8a 9.9 351 20.4 720 6.0 213 4p 9.7 342 22.4 -790 5.9 210 91373 8ar 9.4 333 24.1 850 5.9 207 9.2 324 24.1 850 5.8 204 ------- APPENDIX D Sediment Composition of Upper Aimnonoosuc and Connecticut Rivers From Groveton to Gilman, N.H. Sept. 1920, 1973 Bottom samples were taken with a Petersen Dredge on the Upper Mimonoosuc and Connecticut Rivers between Groveton and Gi].man, New Hampshire, approximately 48 river kilometers, to determine depth and area of any paper waste sludge deposits downstream of Groveton Paper Mills. Sediment samples for COD and volatile solid analysis were obtained at the following stations: GAOl Upper Ammonoosuc River control station, Groveton, N.H. GAO3 Upper Aimnonoosuc River, Groveton, N.H. GCO6 Conn. River, upstream Northumberland Dam, Guildhall, Vt. GC6.3 Conn. River, between Guildhall and Lancaster Bridge GC6.5 Conn. River, between Guildhall and Lancaster Bridge GC7.5 Conn. River, between Lancaster Bridge and Covered Bridge GCO9 Conn. River, upstream Gilman-- Power Station Dam Four bottom samples were collected for studies of oxygen uptake rates at the Needham Laboratory from the following stations: GAOl Upper Ammonoosuc River control station, impoundment upstream of Groveton, N.H. CAO3 Upper Ammonoosuc River, north side, Groveton, N.H. GAO3 Upper Anmionoosuc River, south side, Groveton, N.H. GCO6 Conn. River, west side, Guildhall, Vt. On Sept. 19, 1973, the Upper Ammonoosuc River was full bank to bank, averaged 30.5 m wide and 24 in deep. Approximately 30 sediment ------- 2- samples for field analysis were dredged between the mouth of the Upper zzunonoosuc River to 450 meters downstreRm nf th R f1yni.rI #Io ci i Groveton where fast shallow water prevented further progress upstream. Small to large stones covered the bottom in this area that was scoured by fast water. Throughout its length, except for small back-eddy areas and areas of heavy vegetation along the banks, the bottom was composed of clean mud sand, sand and gravel, and small and large stones. Foul paper waste sludge filled the Petersen Dredge in a few small backeddy areas and under heavy vegetation growing along the river banks. These areas, however comprised only a small percent of the total bottom area. A transect of three sediment samples at Station GAO3 in the Upper Munonoosuc River contained fine sand on the south side and middle of the River, but paper waste sludge was present in the fine sand from the north side that had vegetation along the bank. On the Connecticut River, from the mouth of the Upper Ammonoosuc River, Groveton, N. H. to the Gilman Power Station Dam, 28 bottom samples were dredged for field analysis of sediment composition. The river ranged from 75 90 meters wide and 2.53 meters deep. Bottom sediment consisted mostly of fine sand with a few small areas of paper waste in back-eddies and subinergent vegetation along the banks. ------- Sediment Composition (Jield Analysis) Upper inmonoosuc and Connecticut Rivers Sept. 1920, 1973 Stations North Middle South Upper Ainmonoosuc River GAO]. (Control) Mud, Sand Transect 1 Stone Stone Stone 2 Stone Stone Stone 3 Stone Sand Stone 4 Sand Gravel Sand 5 Gravel, Sand Sand Sand 6 Sand Hard Mud Sand 7 Sand Sand Gravel, Sand 8 Sand Hard Mud Sand 9 Sand Sand Sand GAO3 Sand, Sludge, Paper Sand Sand Connecticut River Vermont Side Middle N. H. Side Transect 1 Sand Sand Sand 2 Sand Sand Sand 3 Sand Sand Sand 4 Rock, Sand Sand Paper, Sludge GCO6 Silty, Sand Sand Silty Sand GC6.3 Sand Sand Sand GC6.5 Sand Sand Sand GC7.5 Sand Sand Sand Transect 5 Sand Stone Boulders GCO9 Silty Sand ------- APPENDIX E Benthic Oxygen Demand Groveton, N. H. Benthic Oxygen Demand determinations were performed on four sediment samples collected from the Upper Ammonoosuc River and the Connecticut River. The SOD results listed in Table I are calculated from the following equation: (OjOf) (v) SOD (g 0 2 /d/1n2)= Ct) (SA) Oj D.O. initial (mg/i) O D.O. final (mg/i) V= Volume confined H 2 0 m 3 (.05192) t= Time in days SA Surface area of confined sediment m 2 (.1858) - Figure I gives the linear description for the change in dissolved oxygen for a specified period of time for each of the four sample stations. ------- Table I Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) SOD Station Number Lab Number Substrate Type 2 O Id/rn CAOl 36861 Muddy Sand 0.5 Control GA03 36866 Fine Sand 0.9 S. Bank GA03 36867 Sludge Mixed 2.6 N. Bank with Sand GC06 36860 Silty Sand 0.6 Conn. R. ------- Figure 7 D.O. Change Per Period Time , I I Time Hours 8 : 2 4 6 8 3.0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 LEGtNO )tK GA-03 N. BANK Ψ GA-03 S. BANK GC-06 CONN. R. S GA-Ol CONTROL 4 3 1 END I I 2 I i U) 4 1 U) $4 0 -I 0 U) - I 6 8 10 12 I 18 ------- APPENDIX F GROVETON PAPER COMPANY CONNECTICUT RIVER ------- I Intrcxluction In Scpt 1x r of 1973 a . atcr cjuality survey of the Upper im noosuc ir.d Connecticut !ivers was carried out in the vicinity of Groveton, :ow F!ampshire in support of the process of the pennits branch for g-ranting a discharge permit to Groveton Paper Co. A re- port cxvering the details and results of the sampling proqram is being written by the Technical studies Section, Surveillance and 2.nalysis Division. This report centers on the i atheniatical rrcdel which was developed uUliz g the data from the survey, in a Streeter-Pheips BW/D.O. analysis. II thcation data River mile Point of Interest 325.4 Groveton Paper Co. 322.8 Confluence of U. 1 irnonoosuc & Connecticut River 319.4 Dam at N. Umberland 311 3 Bridge at Oiildhall 305.5 Covered Bridge 300.2 Gilman Dam III Tine of travel esti! tes - i\ dye studies were conducted, one at flows ranging from 22006000 cfs at Dalton in July, 1973, and one at flo zs ranging from 7201500 cfs at Dalton in September, 1973. ]_ ------- Velocity was assumed to be related to flow rate by the following equation: V = ACP there: V = velocity, miles per day (mpd) A = Constant B = Constant Q = Flow cubic feet per second (cfs) Necessary conversion factors are used in determining A to change units from ft/sec to miles/day A & B were determined by substituting the survey values for V and Q and solving simultanecusly. Table I contains the calculated constants. Reaeration Coeficients - K 2 ( D U ) 1/2 = diffusivity H /2 = .81*104 ft/hr U = velocity (ft/hr) H = depth (ft) Cross-sections provided depths which were ass d constant at the low flow regirre due to dam backwaters Table 1 contains low flow co- efficients. Dam reaeration u ed short reaches and high rates to provide a specified D .0. uptake. V Decay coefficients Long term 13CD samples were used to determine the deoxygenation coefficients. rtho as has proposed a sii le approximation for the con- stants of the ECO curve based on the similarity of t o functions and kt(l + ) which are the sane for their expansion through 6 the first 3 terms (See Water Supply and Waste-water Disposal, Fair & Geyer, pg. 524). Therefore the ECO equation y = L (l_e t) V 2 ------- approxiniat& by Y = I kt (1 + which takes the straight line form ( ) = (FL) + (K 6 ,/6L 3 )t. We can r w use the classical regression line of I on X of Y=a+bx where Yi y)i = 1 th observation in N observations xi=ti so that e can calculate fran Laboratory data b=N X.Y. - ZX. ZY. 113. 1111 - a = Y _- N Nzw again fran the E300 equation a= (KE b= (K, ) 6L 3 can solve for K (still to the base e) so that K=6b a and the ultisrate BOD L=l i a 3 Table 1 cxrntains a list of decay rates use 1 at low flow. 3 ------- VI Loads and Flows (a) Groveton Paper Co., Flow = 12.5 MGD, BOD 5 = 1000 I //day 8000 0/day in increments of 1000 f//day, D.0. 5.0 mg/i (b) Georgia Pacific Paper Co., Flow 2.5 MCD, BOD 5 1100 fl/day, D.0. = 5.0 mg/i (c) Background Water: (1) Upper Ammonoosuc above Croveton Paper Co., 7day 10yr Low Flow = 41 cfs, D.0. = 8.65 mg/i (2) Connecticut River above the Upper Ammonoosuc River, 7day, 10-yr Low Flow = 243 cfs, D.0. = 8.05 rng/l (3) Connecticut River tributary waters, Q 24. cfs, BOD 5 = 1324 If/day, D.0. = 8.0 24. cfs added at mile points 319.4, 311.3, 305.5, and 300.2 (4) Connecticut River at Dalton, Q 7day, 10-yr Low Flow = 370 cfs, BOD, and D.0. determined by the model. EPA biologists found little or no sludge deposits, so the analysis thus far uses no sludge demand. 4 ------- VII Results r x, alternative discharge locations were studied, one at the present 1oc ition, river rile 325.4, and the second at the confluence of the Connecticut River and the Upper Nnixnoosuc River, river mile 322.8. Decause of a higher arrount of dilution water available, the confluence discharge had a xra.ich lower local fripact on dissolved oxy- gen, and the important points of consideration became the N. Uirberland dam and the Gilraan darn. Figure 3- sho is predicted dissolved oxygen profiles for three different loads (2000, 4000, and 6 000 it/day) dis- charged at mile 325.4, . at the present discharge point. Figure 1 shows a plot of D.O. vs load at the three critical points for D.O., conflu- ence, N. Un berland darn, and the Gilii an darn. The load at the point where the plot crosses the 75% D.0. saturation line, is the predicted allow- able load. A lo d greater than 1000 a/day would violate D .0. criteria at the confluence. A load greater than 4400 /day would violate D.0. criteria at the N. Umberlazxl darn. A load of nore thin 5000 p/day ould violate D.0. criteria at the Gilnian.dam. Figure 2 shows the D.0. profile for a discharge at the confluence, river mile 322.8, with figure 4 showing plots of load vs D.0. for the N. Unterland &un and the Gilr n darn. A load greater than 5800 #/day would violate D.0. criteria at Gilir. n darn, while a load greater than 9000 /day would violate D.0. criteria at both N. Urterland dam arxi GiThan dam. 5 ------- The allowable load for a discharge at Grove on required to meet stream standards at the North Uniberland Daxn is 4400 U/day, BOD 5 , while if the discharge was located at the confluence, the allowable load would be 9000 i //day BOD 5 . The reason for this large difference is that stream standards require a minimum D.0. of 6.75 mg/i at 20°C and saturation is 9.02 mg/i. This allows the utilization of 2.27 mg/i D.0. for assimi lation of wastes. By the time a discharge from Groveton reaches the confluence, and mixes, 1.69 mg/i of the usable D.0. deficit has been utilized, allowing only 0.58 mg/i additional deficit for decay. If the discharge is located at the confluence, after mixing, the D.0. deficit is only 1.11 mg/i, leaving 1.16 mg/i deficit for additional assimilation above N. Umberland Dam. The key to meeting standards at the N. Umberland Dam is the amount of D.0.. deficit available between the confluence and the dam. For a discharge at Groveton, only 0.58 mg/i deficit is avail- able, while for a discharge at the confluence, 1.16 mg/i deficit is available, exactly twice as much as for the Groveton discharge. Thus, the allowable load is almost exactly double for the confluence discharge. 6 ------- Mile Basic River Parameters Used at Low Flow Table 1 Veolcity Coef. A(mpd) B D ay Rate Ki(e) Re-oxygenation 1 <2(e) np c F1a cfs 340 .0473 .96 .110 .10 20. 41. 325.4 .0473 .96 .110 .85 20. 41. 322.8 .0336 .873 .150 .30 20. 284. 319.4 1.26 .323 .160 69. 20. 308. 319.3 1.26 .323 .160 .46 20. 308. 311.3 .0745 .678 .150 .38 20. 332. 305.5 .394 .414 .120 .20 20. 356. 300.2 .785 .460 .25 20. 370. 300.1 .785 .460 .25 .30 20. 370. ------- g 7 6 -S S £ThNcJ /.rJ 4 0 /000 1- eooc 3ooo . Bo /D / 4ooo t,000 7aoo Iu A( C gIII.. 001 lIt ( 11000% 1 1101 tIC P C 01 11.0 (.0 CC i ooo ------- Le& Fioe 4 ) vt e 0 . R. 1 g ; oco 7 : I ---. 3/c 3°3_ RIilPr ,7,)ie linAbic cilI..c ccc nit isynoic IHI40c 11 T I i..nonc I&II IcO, ci ------- N . iT------- L Jiji:: I ! 1000 q4, ruer mile F yure 30 Iivflo I Iiil.1 OIL lit C O iI S i lIt L I IOWA3 L Ii)I.. tO ii Li I I. 0 Is it It 3 32o ------- rn Con P 4 , 7 c e I. : 99 I I eo joad / , ------- |