Waste Survey : City of Chiopee and Piels Brothers Brewery, Chicopee, Massachusetts


WASTE SURVEY
CITY OF CHICOPEE AND
PIELS BROThERS BREWERY
cHICOP E, MASSACIUJSisi i

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WASTE SURVEY
CITY OF CHICOPEE AND
PIELS BROTHERS BREWERY
CHICOPEE, MAISSACHIJSETTS
In connection with the 180-day notice action, Section 1O(c)(5),
Federal Wa: r Pollution Control Act, against the city of Chicopee and
Piels Brothers, Chicopee, Massac1 usetts, David Stonefield, sanitary
engineer, and Kerry Anderson, aquatic sample collector conducted a field
study on April 13 and 1971.
Reconnaissance Survey
On April 13, 1971, David Stdnefield met with Mr. Kim Simpson,
engineer for the Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control, and
Mr. Walter Novak, enforcement officer for the Massachusetts Department
of Natural Resources. Mr. Simpson stated that there were four city of
Chicopee raw sewage outfalls to the Connecticut River and that P”ie1 s-
Brothers Brewery discharged its industrial waste into a city culvert
over Willimansett Creek. Mr. Simpson and Mr. Novak accompanied Mr.
Stonefield to these five locations.
During the afternoon, Mr. Stonefield and Mr. Novak met with Mr.
Edwin Orwat, superintendent of Highways and Waste Water Department, who
arranged for the chief operator to show Mr. Stonefield the outfall and
effluent Parshall flume from the water pollution control plant. Mr.
Stonefield also talked by telephone with Mr. Beauchamp, city engineer,
who stated that:
1. The Willimansett Creek culvert was constructed by the
State Department of Public Works, .i)ivision of Waterways.
2. That the city had seven outfalls ihto the Connecticut River
besides the water pollution control facility outfall. Because of the

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high flow conditions, Mr. Stonefield and Mr. Novak were only able to
locate four of seven.
P e!s Brothers
The Pie].s Brothers Hamden-Harvard Division is located on North
Chicopee Street in the Willixnansett section of Chicopee, Massachusetts.
The facility brews and bottles beer and ale. The channelized Willimansett
Creek, Figures 2, 1 , and 8, runs through a culvert under the brewery
and flows into the Connecticut River just to the northwest of the brewery.
The creek water above the brewery was a brownish color containing feces
and pieces of toilet paper. Below the brewery, as the creek enters
the Connecticut River, it had a strong brewery odor.
The flow entering the culvert (CJ -2) is estimated at 1 cTh and the
flow leaving the culvert (CHE-3) was estimated at 12.2 cfs, indicating
that 3,700 gpm is discharged by the plant. The high flow conditions in
the river prevented an accurate measurement of the flow leaving the
culvert.
City of Chicopee
The city is located on the east bank of the Connecticut River north
of Springfield and across the river from Holyoke.! In 1967 the city built
a water pollution control plant near the confluence of the Connecticut
and Chicopee Rivers and about nine miles north of the Connecticut state
line.
The city reportedly has seven combined sewer outfalls along the
Connecticut River, not including the effluen t from the water pollution
control plant and Willimansett Creek. Because of the high water
conditions, only four of these outfalls were located.
-2-

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A 36” corrugated steel pipe (CHE-i) discharges to the Connecticut
River near the intersection of North Chicopee and James Streets (Figures
2, 3 and 7). The effluent smelled and looked like diluted raw sewage and
flow was estimated, byzpràced ; Appendix A, to be 1.1 cfs.
Downstream of the Willimansett Section of Chicopee, the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers constructed a flood control dike. As part of this
project, they constructed three combined sewer outfalls. At each location
a pumping station was also constructed to pump the effluent to the river -
during periods of hig i river flow.
At the Call Street (CHE-li.) arid the Jones Ferry (C}IE-5) pumping
stations, 6 foot square box culverts are used as the normal outfall when
the p imping station is not operating (see Figures 2, 5, 9 and 10). The
flow at each was estimated to be 15 cfs. The effluent from the Jones
Ferry outfall was green when sampled.
At the Paderlewski Street pumping station, a box culvert was present.
However, no effluent was being discharged arid, there ( - -
The water pollution control plant treats approximately 1 million
gallons per day of sewage. When sampled, the flow was L .6 mgd (7.1
cfs).
Sampling Procedure
On April 114., 1971, samples were collected from each outfall
(cHE-i through CHE-6) and from tl’3ree locations in the Connecticut River,
above Chicopee at the Route 116 brdige (CH-01), below the Chicopee -
water pollution control plant and the Chicopee River at the old bridge
between Chicopee and West Springfield (CHO-2) and at the Old
Thompsonville, Connnecticut, bridge above the Enfield Dam (CH-03).
Figures 1 through L i. show the sampling locations and Table 1 lists the
-3-

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stations. Thble 2 shows the type, quantity, preservation and analysis
f the samples collected at each station.
The river samples (StationsCH-0l, 2 and 3) and the samples from
Station CHE-3 were collected with a Kemmerer sampler and poured into the
sample containers. Samples from effluent of the Chicopee WPCP CHE-6)
were collected with a bucket and poured into the sample containers with the
exception of the dissolved oxygen and bacteria samples which were collected
with a Ken1rnerer and poured into the sample bottles. Samples at the influent
to the culvert under the Piels Brothers plant (CHE-2) were collected in a
bacteria sampling bottle and poured into the sample containers, agx ixxx
again with the exception of the dissolved oxygen and bacteris samples
which were collected directly in the sample bottles. At the rest of the
outfalls c k ngh CHE-l, l and 5, the samples were collected
directly in the sample containers.
The temperature of the samples were recorded at the time of collection
and 50 ml of the general analysis sample was used to determine the pH
on a pH meter in the field. After preservation all samples were returned
to NEBO for analysis.
An estimate of the quantity of flow at each outfall was made when the
samples were collected The river flows as recorded at the USGS gauging
station in Thompsonville are shown in Table 3.
Sample Identification
Each sample was tagged with one chain of custody tag giving
collecting agency, lab number, time, date, source of sample, collector’s
signature and title, and witness’s signature and title, plus information
on the transfer of the sample. In addition, a prenumbered field data care
-r—

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was filled out for each collection time to record weather conditions,
the temperature of the sample, and the sampling location.
Results
The results of the laboratory analysis presented in Table 1 shows
that the effluent from Stations CHE-1, 1 and 5 are similar to diluted raw
sewage.
The Willimarisett Creek enterir g the culvert under the plant, carries
some sewa e, but it is very diluted. As the creek exited the culvert the
water is heavily polluted. The BOD 5 is increased by 11,750 lbs/day.
Brewers yeast was isolated in the effluent from the culvert and also
from the sample of Connecticut River water collected below the state
line.
The effluent from the Chicopee WPCP was black in color; most of
which was suspended. As the appai ent color was 20 0 units and the true
color was only li.5 units.
An algal bloom was occurring in the river. The total plankton count
was 11,320 per milliliter, well above the m& minimum value f**r g defining
a bloom. The effect of the bloom can be seen in super saturated DO
values and the high pH values observed.
Though the Massachusetts standards do not set a numerical maximum
value on the total coliform content and the Connecticut standards permit
20 percent of the total coliform samples to exceed 5,000 per 100 ml, the
19,000 and 26,000 per 100 ml. observed in the river are excessive and
violate the standards.
The< total— hos ofiis t-c ntent i-r(th e r i r i s al-so viol-ated ’
The total phosphorus content in the river also violates the
Massachusetts z standards.

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TABLE 1
STATION LOCATIONS
Station Latitude Longitude Description
p t ii I II
(River) 0
CH-O1 42 12 46 72 35 45 Connecticut River at Route 116
Bridge, downstream side, one-third
way off east bank, South Hadley, Mass.
CH-02 1.12 08 39 72 37 06f Connecticut River at Old Chicopee’--
West Springfield Road Bridge upstream
side, one-third way off east bank,
Chicopee, Mass.
CH-03 111 59 56 72 36 i6 Connecticut River at Old Thoxnpsonville,
Conn. Road Bridge upstream side, one-
third way off east bank, Thoinpsonville,
Conn.
(Outfall)
CHE-l 42 12 27 72 35 25 Effluent from 36” corrugated steel
pipe on east bank of Connecticut River
near intersection of North Chicopee
and James Streets, Chico 9ee, Mass.
CHE-2 42 11 32 72 35 59 Willimansett Creek as it enters the
culvert under Piels Brothers plant
Chicopee, Mass.
CIIE-3 42 11 43 72 35 54 , Willimansett Creek as it leaves
the culvert under Piels Brothers
plant and about 100 feet upstream of
confluence with Connecticut River,
Chicopee, Mass.
CHE-li. 42 11 10 72 36 59; Effluent from outfall on east bank
of Connecticut River just upstream of
the spiliway from the Call Street
pumping station, Chicopee, Mass.
CHE-5 42 10 16 72 37 40 Effluent from outfall on east bank
of Connecticut River at the Jones
Ferry pumping station, Chicopee, Mass.
Ci-IE-6 42 09 10 72 37 25 Sewage effluent from water pollution
control .plant in the effluent laiin der
upstream of the Parshall flume,
Chicopee, Mass.

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TABLE 2
COLLECTION OF SA} LES
ype Quantity Containex Preservation Station Analysis
DO 300 ml DO bottle 2 ml I SOJ 4 and 2 ml All Dissolved oxygen
alkali azide sol.
kept dark.
Bacteria 200 ml Sterile 300 ml Iced All Total and fecal
glass bottle coliforms and yeast
at CHE-3 and CHO-3
NH 3 -N l L fr’ Quart cubitainer 1 ml H 2 SOj 1 and iced. All Anmionia-Nitrogen
Total P Quart cubitainer 5 ml CHC1 3 and iced. All Total phosphorus
General
-Analysis - 1 gallon - Gallon cubitainer - Iced All 5-day BOD, suspended
solids, true color,
apparent color and
turbidity, 50 ml of
the sample was used
for field pH reading.
Algal l’ L,4 ’ -” Quart cubitainer 36 ml merthiolate
solution and iced CHO3 Total plankton count
Temperature reading Field reading with
thermometer.

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TABLE 3
PROVISIONAL TOTAL FLOWS
AT THE THOMPSONVILLE, CONNECTICUT
GAGING STATION ON THE
CONNECTICUT RD/ER
FOR APRIL ili., 1971
Time cfs
1 am 50,900
2 52,000
3 51,800
52,200
5 51,900
6 52,600
7 53,100
B I 53,000
9 53,200
10 53,600
11 53,800
12 5’ ,OoO
1 pm 55,000
2 55,700
3 j 56,600
1 57,300
5 57,600
6 58,300
7 58,800
8 59,500
9 59,700
10 60,600
11 61,000
12 n rh1- 1

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TABLE
LABORATORY AHALYSIS OF SAMPLE
APRIL lii ., 1971
Station
Time
Depth ft.
<
Flot-i cfs
Lab/,
•
Temp.
°c
DO
mg/i
BOD 5
mg/i
pH
Units
Total
Coliforms
per 100 ml
Fecal
Coliforms
per 100 ml
(River)
CHO1
0515
3.0
53,150
23963
7.0
13.0
2.2
8.0
8,900
200
CHO2
1100
2.0
53,150
23970
7.5
13.6
1.8
9.3
26,000
1,600
CHO-3
1111.5
2.0
53,150
23971
7.5
12.2
2.6
9.3
19,000
1,000
(Outfalls)
CHE1
O51 5
1.1
239611.
10.0
10.3
12.2
7.5
i,6oo,ooo
19,000
CHE2
0630
0.1
:14 -
23965
-
8.0
-10.9
<2.2
- 8.11.
- 20,000
- 13,000
-
CHE3
0700
2.5
12.2
23966
9.0
9.9
180
8.5
580,000
39,000
CHE 1 4
CHE5
0900
09145
2.0
1.0
15.0
15.0
23967
23968
10.5
13.5
7.9
6.3
75
36
9.3
8.14
6,500,000
3,900,000
1140,000
30,000
CHE6
1030
1.0
7.1
23969
11.0
3.7
814
8.0
6,ooo,óoo
870,000

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TABLE I (Continued)
Anrionia-I’!
mg/i
Total
Phosphorus
mg/i
Turbidity
JTU
Apparent
Color
Pt-Co
True Total Fixed Vol.
Color
Pt-Co
Solids
Total
Station
Tii e
Lab/i
Susp.
mg/i
Susp.
mg/i
Susp.
mg/i
Plankton
/rnl
(River)
CHO1
0515
23963
0.08
0.36
ii
80
35
38.3
19.1
19.2
--
CHO2
1100
23970
0.12
0. 46
26
11.5
20
17.6
1.6
16.0
- -
CHO3
1111.5
23971
0.16
0.52
11
1 5
25
21.6
2.1
19.5
11,320
(Outfalls)
CHE1
0511.5
23961k
2.96
1.62
3.8
15
10
9.6
3.1
6.5
CHE2
0630
23965
0.19
1.08
35
120
20
32
10.0
22.0
CHE3
CHE II.
0700 -
0900
23966
23967
1.00
8.32
8.80
27
19
80
60
25
1 .1.5
31.5
31.2
1.1
1.1
30.1
30.1
--
--
CHE5
0911.5
23968
3.32
3.52
32
60
314.1
14.9
29.2
cHE6
1030
23869
12.8
8 .i6
26
200
145
59.9
1.2
58.7

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HOLYOK’
CHO2
SPRINGFIELD
NU$ACHV$E?TS
CONNECTICUT
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Chicopee Water Pollution
Control Paoiltty
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j Figure 2 L

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HOLYOICE DAM
SOUTH
HAD LEY
CHICO PEE
SOUTH HADLEY
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT
CHICOPEE
PIELS BEER
BREWERY
FIGURE 3
CREEK
FIGURE

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CHE1 Outfall near the
N. Chicopee and James
the road.
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Ste. as seen
CHE1 Outfall near the intersection of
North C it.ep.. sad J.a.i $trs.t.
Figure 7
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Figure 8
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ciis Outfall near the Call Street
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Gre.i waite ocsing from the outfall
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Figure 10
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Green colored vacte coming from outfall
near the Jonea Perry Pumping Station
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Connecticut River below the Maca.
TUTflpjk. Bridge at th. point of
the aubRerge outfall from ChICODeS
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