1974 Annual Report: Water Quality Assessment


       1974 ANNUAL REPORT

    WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

            REGION I

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SURVEILLANCE & ANALYSIS DIVISION
 NEEDHAM HEIGHTS, MASSACHUSETTS
           JUNE 1975

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PREFACE
The cooperative EPA/State water pollution control programs have,
as a goal, the achievement of “water quality which provides for the
protection and propagation of fish, shellfish and wildlife and provides
1/
for recreation in and on the water by July 1, 1983” — . In Region I
this goal is consistent with achieving water quality of Class B in terms
of federally approved state water quality standards.
The programs for evaluating progress towards attaining Class B water
quality are the individual state monitoring programs and the National
Water Quality Surveillance System (NWQSS). In April 1975, the states
evaluated and reported the water quality (conditions during 1974) in
their State Water Quality Assessment - Section 305(b) Reports. These re-
ports will be prepared every year by the states.
This report will summarize for Region I the individual state water
quality assessments and will report the findings of the NWQSS, supplemented
by the states’ Primary Monitoring Networks (PMN), for calendar year 1974.
The NWQSS concept is to monitor a wide range of physical, chemical
and biological variables in surface waters, stream bottoms, groundwaters
and the ocean at locations representative of typical and unique waters
in the region. At the present state of development, the system monitors
waters of the states which represent one or more of the important water
quality problems in each state. Also, the system monitors waters which
do not receive point source discharges of pollutants (reference stations)
to compare these background conditions with polluted waters.
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This first report will stress the states’ assessments of their status
with regard to the 1983 goal of Class B or better water quality in all
waters. Specific parameters will be evaluated to determine those causing
non—compliance with standards. Several non-water quality standards para-
meters will be examined, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus forms, to
determine what concentrations are present throughout the region.
As additional data is gathered it will be evaluated for developing
trends in all parameters being sampled and will be related to specific
point source discharges in each river and drainage basin.
It should be recognized by all reading and using this report that it
is based on the first year’s data from EPA/State monitoring programs and,
therefore, is limited in its coverage of all water quality problem areas
in the Region. Successive reports will be expanded in coverage and will
provide more conclusive information.
1/ Sec. lOl.(a)(2), TITLE I, Public Law 92-500
1].

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION TITLE PAGE
1.0 OVERVIEW 1
1.1 Summary of Water Quality Compliance 1
Status with Class B Standards — 1974
1.2 Summary of Seasonal Variations for 3
Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Major Drainage
Basins - Region I - 1974
2.0 BACKGROUND 9
3.0 INDIVIDUAL DRAINAGE BASIN ASSESSMENTS 12
3.1 Western Connecticut Coastal Drainage Area 14
3.2 Housatonic River Basin 18
3.3 Quinnipiac River, Pawcatuck River and 35
Eastern Connecticut Coastal Drainage Area
3.4 Connecticut River Basin 41
3,5 Thames River Basin 62
3.6 Blackstone River and Narragansett Bay 65
Drainage Area
3.7 Massachusetts Coastal Drainage Area 76
3.8 Merrimack and Nashua River Basins 79

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SECTION _ TITLE PAGE
3.9 Piscataqua River and New Hampshire 101
Coastal Drainage Area
3.10 Presumpscot River Basin 104
3.11 Androscoggin River Basin 120
3.12 Icennebec River Basin 136
3.13 Penobscot River Basin 146
3.14 St. Croix River Basin 149
3.15 St. John River Basin 152
3.16 Lake Memphremagog Drainage Area 155
3.17 Lake Champlain Drainage Area 158
List of Tables v
iv

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List of Tables
TABLE PAGE
1. Region I - State, 1974 Water Quality Status 5
with ‘1983 (Class B) Standards
2. New England River Drainage Basins, 1974 Ambient
Water Quality Status with 1983 (Class B) Standards 6
3. Summary of Class B — Water Quality Standards 7
Violations for 1974
4. 1974 Seasonal Variations of Selected Parameters 8
for Major Drainage Basins -
5. 1974 Summary of Water Quality Violations
5.1 Western Connecticut Coastal Drainage Area 17
5.2 Housatonic River Basin 21
5.3 Quinnipiac, Pawcatuck Rivers and Eastern Connecticut 39
Coastal Drainage Area
5.4 Connecticut River Basin 44
5.5 Thames River Basin 64
5.6 Narragansett Bay Drainage Area 68
5.7 Massachusetts Coastal Drainage Area 78
5.8 Merrimack and Nashua River Basins 83
5.9 Piscataqua River and New Hampshire Coastal 103
Drainage Area
5.10 Presumpscot River and Casco Bay Drainage Area 106
5.11 Androscoggin River Basin 122
5.12 Kennebec River Basin 138
5.13 Penobscot River Basin 148
5.14 St. Croix River Basin 151
5.15 St. John River Basin 154
5.16 Lake Memphremagog Drainage Area 157
5.17 Lake Champlain Drainage Area 161
V

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SECTION 1
1.0 Overview
The assessment of the water quality in Region I during 1974 is
presented in this report as an evaluation of the water quality during
1974 compared to the EPA goal of Class B water quality to be achieved
throughout the Region in 1983. As a base level for future assessments,
concentrations of water constituents which are not included in the
water quality standards are presented. Lastly, water quality standards
parameters and other constituents are compared between areas influenced
by point source discharges and reference areas not influenced by point
sources.
1.1 Summary of Water Quality Compliance Status with Class B Standards — 1974
The total stream miles, by state, which were not in compliance with
Class B standards in 1974 are given in Table 1. The 2,674 miles not in
compliance represent the EPA/State goal for 1983 — to improve the water
quality in these streams so that it will support a balanced aquatic life
and will provide for recreational usage.
In Table 2, each river basin, its main stem stream and other drain-
age areas are listed in order of the %otal river miles within the basin
or area which were not in compliance with Class B standards in 1974.
Also, the total number of river miles of each main stem stream are classi-
fied as being in compliance or not in compliance. There are four rivers
with 100 miles or more not meeting Class B standards: the Connecticut
River - 374 miles; the Penobscot River - 85 miles; the Androscoggin
River - 151 miles; and the Merrimack River — 110 miles. Ten river basins
and drainage areas have 100 miles or more not in compliance.
1.

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The source of the data for Tables 1 and 2 is the 1974 State Water
Quality Assessment — Section 305(b) reports.
In order to further understand the nature of the water quality pro-
blems resulting in non-compliance with Class B standards, the National
Water Quality Surveillance System (NWQSS) and Primary Monitoring Networks
(PMN) were used to determine what the water quality standards violations
were and how frequently they occurred in each drainage basin and area.
This data is summarized in Table 3.
The water quality standards parameters for Class B waters common to
all states are temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and coliform bacteria.
All states except New Hampshire and Massachusetts have a standard for
fecal coliform bacteria. In addition, New Hampshire has standards for
phenols and turbidity; Maine a standard for turbidity; and Vermont stand-
ards for color and turbidity. Page 4 shows the ranges of numerical
criteria for these parameters for all states.
Of those parameters common to all states, 647. of the violations
were attributable to the total coliform bacteria standards, 48°!. to the
fecal coliform bacteria standards, 14% to the pH standards, 87. to the
dissolved oxygen standard, and O% to the temperature standard. In
New Hampshire 75°!. of the phenol measurements exceeded the standard;
in Maine 0.5% of the turbidity values exceeded the standard; and in
Vermont no color values exceeded standards. It is important to note
that reference stations also reported violations of Class B standards
criteria: 38% of total coliform bacteria values, 257. of fecal coli—
form bacteria values, and 28% of pH values. These violations are. either
naturally occurring in the stream or due to non-point sources.
2.

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The NWQSS and PMN stations reporting data for the water quality
standards violations analysis are pinpointed on the individual basin
maps in Section 3 of this report. The Saco River basin in Maine does
not have 1974 data available for analysis.
1.2 Summary of Seasonal Variations for Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Drainage
Basins - Region I - 1974
A complete water quality assessment must include examination of
water constituents other than those in water quality standards. In
this first annual assessment report various forms of nutrients —
nitrogen and phosphorus are reported. Table 4 presents seasonal varia-
tions in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations for the largest drainage
basins and other areas where they are measured. Also, the seasonal
variations in these parameters at all reference stations are given as
one set of values. The seasonal comparisons were done to reflect any
variations due to differences in stream flow and biological activity.
This evaluation points out that phosphorus and nitrogen are found
in..bigber concentrations in, areas receiving point source.discharges than
in areas with no point sources. Also, it is indicated that rivers re-
ceiving discharges from large metropolitan areas, such as the Connecticut,
Mervimackand Housatonic Rivers, contain higher phosphorus levels than
those rivers receiving primarily industrial wastes such as the Androscoggin
and Kennebec Rivers. Nitrogen levels are similar in all rivers except
the Kennebec which has very low concentrations.
3.

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EXPLANATIONS PERTINENT TO TABLES 1, 2 AND 3
SUMMARY OF “CLASS B” WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
FOR THE NEW ENGLAND STATES
Parameter Criteria Range
Temperature 28.3 - 29.40 C - maximum
Dissolved oxygen 5.0 - 6.0 mg/i - minimum
Dissolved oxygen (percent 757. - minimum
saturation)
Total coliform bacteria 240 - 1000 per 100 ml - maximum
* Fecal coliform bacteria 60 - 200 per 100 ml - maximum
pH 6.0— 8.5
Turbidity 25 units (Maine, - maximum
Vt., N.H.)
Phenols 1.0 ugh (N.H.) - maximum
Color 25 units (Vt.) - maximum
Note: Water quality standards do not apply when conditions are due to
natural causes.
* Does not apply to Massachusetts and New Hampshire
4.

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TABLE 1
REGION I - STATE
1974 WATER QUALITY STATUS
WITH
1983 (CLASS B) STANDARDS
STATE TOTAL STREAM MILES TOTAL STREAM MILES TOTAL STREAM MILES
NOT IN COMPLIANCE IN COMPLIANCE ASSESSED
Connecticut 485 (54%) 411 (46%) 896
Maine 616 (44%) 796 (56%) 1,412
Massachusetts 620 (717.) 254 (297.) 874
New Hampshire 608 (54%) 510 (467.) 1,118
Rhode Island 82 (27%) 217 (737.) 299
Vermont 263 (37.) 7,713 (97%) 7,976
TOTALS 2,674 (217.) 9,901 (79%) 12,575
!/ Vermont has assessed all streams within the state, including intermittent streams; the remaining states
assessed only streams known to be receiving point source discharges now, or known to have received point
source discharges since inception of water quality standards, that is, essentially river miles other than
Class A and B at the time of standards inception.
-2/ Streams forming the border between two states are assigned to one state only, i.e., Connecticut River is
assigned to New Hampshire
3/ (7.) = Percent of total miles assessed in the state

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TABLE 2
NEW ENGLAND RIVER DRAINAGE BASINS
1974 AMBIENT WATER QUALITY STATUS
with
1983 (CLASS B) STANDARDS
DRAINAGE MAIN STEM MAIN STEM TOTAL BASIN MAIN STEM TOTAL BASIN TOTAL BASIN
BASIN STREAM MILES NOT MILES NOT MILES IN MILES IN MILES
IN COMPLIANCE IN COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE ASSESSED
Connecticut Connecticut 374 770 20 287 1057
Merrimack Merrimack .110 359 0 230 589
Penobscot - Penobscot 85 i 94 2 127 221
Kennebec Kennebec 70 159 60 171 330
Thames Thames 18 157 0 157 314
Androscoggin Androscoggin 151 171 47 127 298
Housatonic Housatonic 52 151 65 122 273
L.Champ lain 1/ - 136 - - 136
Narragansett Bay Blackstone 39 118 15 98 216
Mass. Coastal 1/ 115 — 120 235
St. John s . John 35 85 115 175 260
Western Conn. 1/ 48 109 157
Coast —
Pawcatuck Pawcatuck 16 36 74 79 115
Upper Hudson Hoosic 33 33 13 13 46
Piscataqua Piscataqua 22 92 17 73 165
Memphremagog i/ 19 - - 19
Saco Saco 0 16 155 176 192
St. Croix St. Croix 10 10 67 67 77
Presumpscot Presumpscot 5 5 10 65 70
1.020 2 574 660 2196 4770
1/ These drainage areas do not have one main stream, but several tributaries of similar size.

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TABLE 3
SUMMARY
of
CLASS B - WATER QUALITY STANDARDS VIOLATIONS FOR 1974
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM & PRIMARY MONITORING NETWORK
DRAINAGE MAIN ST ,.1 NO. PARAS./ NO. of NO. of PERCENT NO. of 1/ NO. of NO. of NO. of 7.
BASIN STREAM NO.STATIONS VALUES VIOLATIONS VIOLATIONS REFERENCE PARAMETERS VALUES VIOLA- VIOLA-
STATIONS MEASURED TIONS TIONS
Connecticut Connecticut 8/09 3)92 95 247. 2 8 119 16 137.
Merrimack Merrimack 7/10 249 66 267. 2 7 27 5 187.
Penobscot Penobscot 6/1 53 20 38% 0 — — - —
Kennebec Kennebec 6/2 74 9 12% 1 6 36 3 87.
Thames Thames 8/1 96 36 38°,. 0 -. - - -
Androscoggin Androscoggin 6/5 269 98 367. 1 6 32 4 127.
Housatonic Housatonic 8/8 672 86 137. 2 8 144 12 87.
L.Champ lain L.Champ lain 6/1 10 2 207. 0 - - -
Narragansett
B lackstone 6/3 48 6 12/. 0
Bay
Mass. Coast - 3/2 5 2 40% 0
St. John St. John 5/2 60 11 18% 0
Western Conn. - 5/2 59 14 0
Pawcatuck Pawcatuck 8/4 149 32 21% 0
Upper Hudson Hoosic 0
Piscataqua Piscataqua 5/2 36 9 25% 0
Memphremagog - 6/1 36 3 8% 0
Saco Saco 0
St. Croix St. Croix 6/1 86 27 31% 0 — — - —
Presumpscot Presumpscot 5/3 103 46 45% 1 6 20 8 407.
Quinnipiac Quinnipiac 8/3 192 76 40% 0
1/ Reference stations are 1 1 cated at points which d 9 not receiv point source discharges upstream;
they are in essence “clean water” stations.

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TABLE 4
1974 SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF SELECTED PARM FERS
FOR MAJOR DRAINAGE BASINS
MEASURED AT
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE SYST 1 STATIONS
AND
DRAINAGE BASIN
Connecticut River
Merrimack River
Kennebec River
Androscoggin River
Housatonic River
Narragansett Bay
Pawcatuck River
Quinn ipiac River
Reference Stations
(All combined)
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS
(Mg/i as P)
.128/.092
.235/.096
.025/.018
.061.053
.093/.078
.091/.112
.644/.549
.02/.0115
TOTAL ORGANIC
NITROGEN
(Mg/i as N)
PRIMARY MONITORING NETWORK STATIONS
- MEAN
TOTAL AMMONIA
NITROGEN
(Mg/i as N)
. 244/.102
.36/.10
.278/.317
.245/.42
693 / .396
.085/.124
—/.31
.01/.02
.25/. 25
.258/.032
.10/.10.
TOTAL NITRITE
PLUS NITRATE
(Mg/I as N)
.33/.45
.24/.30
.05/.07
.19/.312
.016/. 135
1.66/1.5
.094/. 184
ORTHO
PHOSPHATE
(Mg/i as P0 4 )
—/.08
.0585/.003
/.963
.001/0.0
* Summer = April throu h September
Winter = October thr ugh March

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SECTION II
2.0 BACKGROUND
Section 104 (a)(5) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92—500) requires the Administrator to
establish national programs for the prevention, reduction and elimina-
tion of pollution and as part of such programs shall - “in cooperation
with the states and their political subdivisions and other Federal
agencies establish, equip and maintain a water quality surveillance
system for the purpose of monitoring the quality of the navigable waters
and ground waters and the contiguous zone and the oceans and the
Administrator shall, to the extent practicable, conduct such surveillance
by utilizing the resources of NASA, NOAA, the Geological Survey, and
the Coast Guard, and shall report on such quality “.
The above provision is the legislative direction to EPA to determine
what is happening to the waters of the nation in terms of physical
condition, including appearance, chemical quality and of supporting a
balanced population of shellfish, fish and wildlife and recreation in
and on the water. -
Further, the Act in Sections 106 (e)(l) and 305(b) directs the
states through EPA to — “establish and operate appropriate devices,
methods, systems and procedures necessary to monitor and to complete
and analyze data on (including classification according to eutrophic
condition), the quality of navigable waters and to the extent practicable
groundwaters.....”. Utilizing this analysis, the states are to “identify
specifically those navigable waters, the quality of which -
9.

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a. is adequate to provide for the protection and propagation
of a balanced population of shellfish, fish, and wildlife and allow
recreational activities in and on the water;
b. can reasonably be expected to attain such a level by 1977
or 1983; and
c. can reasonably be expected to attain such a level at any
later date”.
In Region I the cooperative monitoring program between EPA and
other agencies at the Federal and State level consists of the National
Water Quality Surveillance System (NWQSS) and the individual states’-
programs comprised of Primary Monitoring Network (PMN) sampLing, intensive
surveys, lake study surveys and biological studies. The findings of the
state programs are presented in state Water Quality Assessment reports,
pursuant to Sec. 305(b) of P.L. 92-500, by the individual states, submitted
to EPA in April every year as part of the State Program Grant process.
The objective of the NWQSS is to develop a system of monitoring
and reporting on the quality of the hydrosphere and its resident biota
at representative locations throughout Region I for input to the water
pollution control program. A wide range of physical, chemical and bio-
logical parameters are measured at locations chosen to conform to these
site characteristics:
o Most critical stream areas in terms of water use
and natural resources
o Upstream and downstream of fnajor municipal and
industrial land use areas
o High water quality use areas
o Within each state — cover waters in mountain
piedmont and coastal land areas
10.

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The system will record trends in the traditional pollutants; will
uncover new emerging pollutants; and will track levels of exotic
pollutants.
11.

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SECTION III
3.0 INDIVIDUAL DRAINAGE BASIN ASSESSMENTS
This section of the report explains the origtn of and
displays the data which is summarized in Part 1. Each
drainage area or river basin is presented with the
following:
a. Discussion of results from first year of
monitoring,
b. -River basin or drainage area map with NWQSS
and PMN monitoring station locations,
c. Summary of Water Quality Standards Violations
during 1974,
d. Plots of seasonal variations for water quality
standards and other parameters for river basins
with multiple stations.’
The following map of New England shows the distribution of
the monitoring stations which contributed data included in
this report.
12.

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of stations used
report, by basin.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IAGENCY
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13.

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3.1 WESTERN CONNECTICUT COASTAL DRAINAGE AREA
The two stations from which data was obtained for this
drainage area are located at New Haven and Stamford Harbors.
Municipal discharges and combined sewer overflows are
re.sponsible for the high percentage 1 of coliform bacteria
standards violations at New Haven Harbor. Also, dissolved
oxygen levels occasionally do not meet standards.
Inadequate sewage treatment is 2 responsible for the
coliform bacteria standards violations which occur in Stam-
ford Harbor.
14.

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Greenwich
South End
Dpi. s.
J.e1i I.
4sr.n .
LONG
SOUND
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Ship
Point
15.

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N.W.Q.S.S.
(01196657)
04*0?•
NEW HAVEN HARBOR
NEW HAVEN CONNECTICUT

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T snT , 5 I
L’ 14
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
asin Name
State)
No. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality Class B Standards *
Parameter Maximum Minimum
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Western Connecticut
Coastal
(Connecticut) (2)
Water Temperature 28.290
oc
0
12 0%
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/i
1
12
87.
Total Coliform
2300/100 m
7
11
64%
Fecal Co].iform
500/100 m
6
12
507.
pH
8.5
6.8
0
12
0%
Totals for Basin
14
59
247.
a are for Class SB
* In marine waters crite3
standard.

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3.2 HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN
The Housatonic River Basin drains a large part of western Massachusetts,
a small portion of east central New York, most of western Connecticut and
empties into Long Island Sound at Stratford, Connecticut. -The Housatonic
River, though flowing through rural land for most of its length, drains
highly industrialized areas along its upper and lower reaches.
Paper industry and domestic sewage discharges enter the river in
Pittsfield, Massachusetts causing coliform bacteria violations and some
of the higher nitrogen and phosphorus levels observed near Canaan,
Connecticut (Plot Station No. 1). These levels remain approximately con-
stant through New Milford, Connecticut (Plot Station No. 2).
Lake Lillinonah (Plot Station No. 3) shows an increase in nutrients,
primarily organic nitrogen. This is probably due to upstream waste water
treatment facility discharges at Pittsfield, New Milford and Danbury.
Lake Zoar (Plot Station No. 4) and the Housatonic River at Stevenson,
Connecticut (Plot Station No. 5) show dissolved oxygen standard violations.
Co-lifdrm standards vfolations are numerous at Shelton, Connecticut
(Plot Station No. 6). This is due to municipal and combined sewer dis-
charges at Derby, Connecticut.
Nutrient levels for the Housatonic are high compared to those found
at reference stations and increase proceeding downstream with the
highest values being found at Shelton, Connecticut (Plot Station No. 6).
18.

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19.

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Z)sin Name
(State)
( Io. of Stations Sampled)
Housatonic River
(Connecticut) (8)
LADLE .L
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
Water Temperature 29.390
Water Quality
Parameter
-
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number -
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
0 60
Ac,
J to
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/i
3
60
5%
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent
75%
10
60
17%
Turbidity
25 JTU
0
60
07.
Total Coliform
2400/100 ml
8
60
137.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml
8
60
137.
pH
8.0
6.5
9
60
15%
Totals for Basin
* — — — .. a —
38 420
Q.JJ
r
,_ .

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HOUSATONIC RIVER STATIONS
in
DOWN STRE N ORDER
Plot Station Station Location Map Station
Number Number
1. Housatonic River near Canaan, Conn. PMN
01198550
2. Housatonic River near New Milford, Conn. 1’MN
01200600
3. Lake Lillinonah-Housatonic River PMN
near Brookfield, Conn. 01201700
4. Lake Zoar-Housatonic River PMN
near Riverside, Conn. 01204510
5. Housatonic River near Stevenson, Conn. PMN
01205500
6. Housatonic River near Shelton, Conn. PMN
01205551
REFERENCE STATIONS
7. Shepaug River near Roxbury, Conn. PMN
0 1203000
8. Saugatuck River near Redding, Conn. PMN
01208990
PLOT LEGEND
Left Axis = April to September Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — = October to March Mean Values
A = Maximum .Values
= Minimum Values
22.

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3.3 QUINNIPIAC RIVER, PAWCATUCK RIVER AND EASTERN CONNECTICUT COAST
DRAINAGE AREA
The Quinnipiac River Basin lies between the Housatonic and Connecti-
cut River basins and drains an area of south central Connecticut. The
mainstem of the Quinnipiac River flows from the New Britain - Plainville,
Connecticut area to New Haven Harbor and into Long Island Sound.
Industrial (metal, plastic and chemical), municipal and combined
sewer discharges cause numerous violations of dissolved oxygen and coli—
form bacteria standards in the Quinnipiac River.
The Pawcatuck River Basin lies in the southwestern corner of Rhode
Island with two small portions in southeastern Connecticut. Most water
quality standards violations in the Pawcatuck River are with pH and
coliform bacteria. Several minor violations of dissolved oxygen percent
saturation were also reported. Low dissolved oxygen and high bacteria
counts in the Kenyon-Bradford stretch of thd Pawcatuck River are due to
industrial, primarily textile finishing, discharges. The high bacteria
counts in the tidal portions of the Pawcatuck are a result of the
insufficient treatment of domestic sewage by Westerly, Rhode Island
(primary treatment) and Pawcatuck, Connecticut (untreated). The high
percentage of pH violations is not a significant problem because the
state of Rhode Island has determined that these pH levels occur naturally.
As more data is obtained, it will be determined what natural conditions
cause these pH variations in this drainage basin.
Most of the shellfish areas of the Pawcatuck River are closed to
shell fishing for market purposes due to the bacterial pollution of the
river.
35.

-------
I
— —
.
BRIS TQL
WOLCQTT
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QUINN IPIAC
RIVER BASIN
o i Z 34 SWLLS
I 4 .
PMN 01
Long
Is/and Sound
36.

-------
0 I Z
3 4 $
IdILtS
PAWCATUCK
N WI C H
I
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KENT
RIVER
BASIN
N.
OASIN
BOUNDARY
PARMHB
37.

-------
1 .. — —
I I
I I
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7 IGRISWOLD
I -
PRE
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PAWCATUCK RIVER SASIN
923
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38.

-------
E.
L 97 ‘4
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
* In marine waters crite1i! a are for CJass SB standard.
L i
Quinnipiac and
Central Connecticut
Coastal
(Connecticut) (3)
asin Name
(State)
(No. of Stations
•
Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
.
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Vj olations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Water Temperature
OC. -
29.39°
0
24
0
Dissolved Qxygen
5.Qmg/l
4
24
177.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent
—
.
.
10
.—
24
, 427.
Turbidity -
25 JTU
0
24
o’ ’•
‘Total Coliform
2400/100 ml
I
22

24
927.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml
16
24
66°f.
.
pH -
8.0
6.5
0
24
07.
Totals for Basin
52
168
317.
I

-------
LE (C UE
1 asjn Name
(Statc)
(No. of Stations Sampled)
Pawcatuck River
and Eastern Connecticut
Coastal
(Rhode Island) (3)
(Connecticut) (I)
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
Water Quality
Parameter
Water Temperature
oc
Class
B Standards
..
*
-
Number
of
Number
of
Maximum
Minimum
Violations
Values
29.39° — Ct.
28. 29° - RI
0
Percent
Violations
24 07.
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/i
0
23
07.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percenl
75 7

2
21
9.5%
Turbidity
25.0 JTU
,
0
12
07.
Total Coliform
2400/100 m
2
16
12.57.
Fecal Collform
500/100 m
2
17
127.
pH
8.0
6.5
14
24
587.
Totals for Basin
20
127 16%
* In marine waters criteija are for Class SB standard.

-------
3.4 CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN
The Connecticut River flows from its source in northwestern New
Hampshire, along the New Hampshire-Vermont border, through Massachusetts
and Connecticut into Long Island Sound. For its entire distance through
New Hampshire and Vermont the river receives its largest pollution loads
from tributary streams carrying wastes from domestic and various indus-
trial sources. This results in non-compliance with coliform bacteria
standards for almost this entire distance and dissolved oxygen levels
being below the seventy—five percent saturation standard at several
locations during the sununer months.
Within Massachusetts and Connecticut, the river receives large pol-
lution loads directly from point sources as well as from tributary streams.
‘As indicated by t-he locations of-the monitoring stations, this stretch of
the river receives the most extensive monitoring. Between Holyoke and Long
Island Sound the water quality of the river is not in compliance with Class
B standards for coliform bacteria (both total and fecal). Occasionally,
standards for pH and dissolved oxygen are outside acceptable limits.
Proceeding from Northfield, Massachusetts (Plot Station No. 1) down-
stream through Chicopee and Springfield, Massachusetts to the Massachusetts-
Connecticut state border (Plot Station No. 3), the levels of turbidity,
color, coliform bacteria, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, and total
phosphorus are seen to increase through the metropolitan Springfield area
and then decrease. These increases in levels are attributable to dis-
charges from four area—wide waste treatment facilities, combined sewer over-
flows, discharges from paper, textile, chemical and metal forging industries
41.

-------
entering the Connecticut River directly, or through the Chicopee and
Westfield Rivers.
Similarly, turbidity, color, coliform bacteria, nitrogen and phos-
phorus are seen to increase again as the river flows between Hartford and
Middletown, Connecticut (Plot Station Nos. 3 — 5). Also, dissolved oxygen
concentrations are seen to reach a minimum at Middle Haddam, Connecticut
(Plot Station No. 6). These increases are attributable primarily to the
residual substances carried downstream from the Springfield area and com-
bined municipal and industrial discharges to the Farmington, Hockanum and
Mattabassett Rivers, combined sewer overflows in Hartford and Middletown
and runoff from agricultural areas.
Concentrations of the various water constituents in the Connecticut
River are distinct when compared to those in streams within the Basin at
locations which do not receive point source discharges - Reference
stations (Pl,oç Staçion I Ios. 7 & 8).•
42.

-------
NWO .SS 011.83750
CONNECTICUT RIVER
P IILCS
‘S
PMN 01184000
;s 0119.0069
01:192911
:
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SCALE
0
Station Activated
1/1/75
43.

-------
sin Name __________
(State)
(No. of Stations Sampled)
Connecticut River
(Connecticut) (5)
(Massachusetts) (3)
(New Hampshire) (1) __________________ ___________
* In marine waters critei. ja are for Class SE. standard.
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
Water Qua],ity
Parameter
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations -
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Llater Temperature
OC
28. 29°—Ma.
29.39°—Ct.
0 56
A .,
‘J I.
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/i
0
59
07.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation percent
. ,
11
54
:
207.
turbidity
25.0 JTU
0
54
07.
Total Coliform
2400/100 ml
46
60
777.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml
31
48
647.
pH
8.0
6.5
7
61
117.
Totals for Basin
95 392
247.

-------
CONNECTICUT RIVER STATIONS
in
DOWNSTREAM ORDER
Plot Station Number Station Location Map Station Number
1. Connecticut River at Northfield, Ma. NWQSS
01161280
2. Connecticut River at Agawam, Ma. NWQSS
01183750
3. Connecticut River at Thompsonville, ‘1N
Connecticut 01184000
4. - Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn. NWQSS
01190069
5. Connecticut River at Middletown, Conn. PMN
01192911
6. - Connecticut River at Middle Haddam, Coim. NWQSS
01193050
REFERENCE STATIONS
7; - Salmon River at East Hampton, Conn. P1 N
01193500
8. Ashuelot River above Keene, New Hampshire PMN
2-20-ASH
PLOT LEGEND
Left Axis = April to September Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — = October to March Mean Values
A = Maximum Values
= Minimum Values
45.

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3.5 THAMES RIVER BASIN
The Thames River Basin drains a small portion 1 of south
central Massachusetts and a large area of eastern Connecticut.
The main stem of the Thames River is formed by the confluence
of the Quinebaug, Shetucket and Yantic Rivers.
The station monitored was at Mohegan, Connecticut, just
‘ elow Norwich, Connecticut. This station reports Class B
tandards violations in dissolved oxygen, coliform-bacteria
and pH.
62.

-------
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63.

-------
LPtDIa. J.J
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
Basin Name
(State)
‘No. of Stations
.
Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter

Class
B Standards
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Water Temperature
C.
29. 39°
Thames River
(Connecticut) (I)
0 ’
S
0
12 07.
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/I
4
12
337.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Perceni
757.
5
-
12
.
427.
Turbidity
25.0 JTU
0
12
07.
Total Coliform
2400/100 ml
7
12
587.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml
6
12
50%
pH
8.0
6.5
2
12
17%
Totals for Basin
24
standard.
84 28.57.
* In marine waters crite: Ia are for Class SB

-------
3.6 BLACKSTONE RIVER AND NARRAGANSETT BAY DRAINAGE AREA
In the Blackstone River and the Narragansett Bay Drainage
area the most prevalent water quality standards violations are
low dissolved oxygen and-high coliform bacteria counts. The
Blackstone River receives large combined, partially treated, in-
dustrial and municipal waste loads from Worcester, Massachusetts
and Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Within Rhode Island the river is
characterized by increasing turbidity, suspended solids, and
biochemical oxygen demand proceeding downstream from the northern
limit of the city of Woonsocket to Cumberland, Rhode Island (Plot
Station No. 1 to No. 2). Also, dissolved oxygen levels are seen
to decrease between these locations.
Narragansett Bay receives waste loadings from its tributaries
and directly from inadequately treated municipal wastes and corn-
bined sewer overflows from Providence, Rhode Island. As in the
Blackstone River, the water quality standards parameters most
frequently in non-compliance are dissolved oxygen and coliform
bacteria. When compared to the Blackstone River, the Bay is seen
to have less turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen, and higher
ammonia nitrogen than the reach of the Blackstone River below
Woon socket.
The combined sewer overflows into the Bay cause periodic
closing of shellfish beds because of bacterial contamination.
65.

-------
• g6
NARRAGANSETT
, - —1 I 4 ‘
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N.W.Q.S.S.
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-------
S S
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-------
I’ADTE 5 A
.97&.
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
! asin Name
(State)
(No. of Stations
•
Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter

I
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Narragansett Bay Water Temperature 28.3°C 0 9 07.
(Rhode Island) (3) oc
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/I
- 1
9
117.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent
757.
1
6
177.
Total Coliform
2400/100 ml
3
9
337.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml
1
6
1.77.
pH
8.0
6.5
0
9
07.
Totals for Basin 6 48 12.57.
* In marine waters crite ia are for Class SB standard.

-------
NARRAGANSETT BAY STATIONS
in
DOWNSTREAM ORDER
Plot Station Number Station Location Map Station Number
PMN
1. Blackstone River at Singleton Street BLSSB
Bridge
- NWQSS
2. Blackstone River at Manville Dam BLMD
NWQSS
3. Upper Narragansett Bay Station No. 10 UNB1O
Plot Legend
Left Axis = April to September X Mean Values
Right Axis — — — = October to March Mean Values
Maximum Values
Minimum Values
69.

-------
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-------
3.7 MASSACHUSETTS COASTAL DRAINAGE AREA
High coliform bacteria levels and low dissolved oxygen
in Boston Harbor are the major water quality problems in this
drainage area. The greatest source of pollution in the harbor
Is the discharge of municipal waste through the Metropolitan
District Commission sewerage system. Raw or partially treated
sewage and sludge is discharged by the Nut Island and Deer
Island sewage treatment plants (both primary treatment) and
over ninety combined sewer overflows which empty directly into
the Charles River and Boston Harbor. Restriction of shellfish
harvesting, recreational bathing, boating and sport fishing as
well as aesthetic value are the results of the discharges to
the waters of Boston Harbor.

-------
GaJk,ps(
Georgesfi
3b
-vc’
C y Slate
Roads
BOSTON
HARBOR
OSTON
oib y
,rthestw
QUINCY
77.

-------
1 5.
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
4assachusetts Coastal
(Massachusetts) (2)
* In marine waters critc Ia are for Class St
standard.
asin Name
State)
:No. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/l
1
Totals for Basin
1
Total Coliform 2300/lOOml 1 4 257
100’/.
2
5
407.

-------
3.8 MERRIMACK AND NASHUA RIVER BASINS
The Merrimack River is formed at the confluence of the Pemigewasset
and Winnipesaukee Rivers at Franklin, New Hampshire. Upstream of this
location, water quality is in compliance with Class B standards. For the
remainder of the stream’s entire length through New Hampshire, the Merrimack
River is of less than Class B quality because of standards violations for
dissolved oxygen, coliform bacteria, pH and phenols.
Progressive degradation in water quality is observed proceeding down-
stream from Penacook (Plot Station No. 2) to Nashua, New Hampshire (Plot
Station No 3) with increasing concentrations of coliform bacteria, suspended
solids, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus. Untreated domes-
tic sewage, industrial wastes, and combined sewer overflows in Concord and
Manchester contribute to this lowering of water quality.
Within Massachusetts, the Merrimack flows through the metropolitan areas
of Lowell, Lawrence and Haverhill receiving partially treated domestic sewage
and industrial wastes as well as combined sewer overflows. These cause viola-
tions of Class B standards for dissolved oxygen, coliform bacteria and pH.
In—stream levels of coliform bacteria, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus
are observed to increase as the river passes through this reach from Lowell
to below Haverhill (Plot Stations 4 to 5).
A significant contributor to the degradation of the Merrimack River is
the Nashua River. The water quality flowing into the Merrimack from the
Nashua is indicated on the plots at stations 7 and 8. Deterioration of water
quality of the Nashua itself is shown by comparison of Plot Stations 6 — 8
indicating conditions between Westminister, Massachusetts, an unpolluted
location on the North Nashua River and the main stem just downstream of the
Massachusetts - New Hampshire state border.
79.

-------
V
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- N.W.Q.S
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MAIN. STEM
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( 33-9-PMI
P.M.N.
( 27-MER
1090 1 00)
N.W
sirrs
N.W.Q.S.S.
(01 09655Q)
,$.u .c I
80.

-------
NASHUA RIVER BASIN
IN
I
2 3
MILCS
I
N
1
I
BASIN BOUNDARY
,PSWICH
ASHBY I TOWNSEND
S.
PEPPERELL
N. W . Q. S . S
(3 -6- NS H)
DUNSTABLE
NEW HAMPSH IRE

-------
NASHUA RIVER
IN
BASIN
MAS SAC HUS ETTS
o i2 4 ‘.i
M IL(S
N
g7

-------
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
i .2sin Name Water Quality Class B Standards * Number Number Percent
(‘4oof Stations Sampled) Parameter Maximum Minimum Violations Values Violations
Merrimack River Dissolved Oxygen 6.0 mg/I 3 49 167.
(New Hampshire) (7) Turbidity J.T.U. 25 1 53 27.
Total Colifôrm 240/100 ml 27 31 877.
pH 8.0 6.5 7 47 147.
Phenols 1 ug/l 12 17 707.
(Massachusetts) ‘(3) Total Coliform 2400/100 ml 9 11 817.
:Dissolved Oxygen , 5.0, mg/i 0 13 - 07.
pH 8.0 6.5 2 10 207.
Water Temperature 28. 2°C 0 14 07.
Dissolved Oxygen
Not Run
SaturatLon Percent
(Massacnusetts ILL) Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/i 1 3 337.
Total Coliform 2300/100 rn 1 1 1007.
pH 8.5 6.7 3 3 1007.
Fecal Coliform Not Run
Totals for Basin 66 252 267.
* In marine waters crite: ia are for Class SB standard.

-------
MERRIMACK RIVER STATIONS
in
DOWNSTREAM ORDER
Plot Station Number - Station. Location Map Station Number
1. Merrimack River at Penacook, N.H. PMN
27-MER
2. Merrimack River at Hooksett, N.H. NWQSS
16-MER
3. Merrimack River below Nashua, N.H. NWQSS
1-MER
4. Merrimack River above Lowell, Ma. NWQSS
01096550
5. Merrimack River at West Newbury, Ma. NWQSS
01100750
7. Nashua River at Fort Devens, Ma. NWQSS
01095860
8. Nashua River at Hollis Depot, N.H. NWQSS
3-6-NSH
REFERENCE STATIONS
6. Whitman River near Westminster, Ma. NWQSS
01094340
9. Pemigewasset River at New Hampton, N.H. PMN
33—9— PM 1
PLOT LECEND
Left Axis = April to September = Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — — — = October to March = Mean Values
= Maximum Values
= Minimum Values
84.

-------
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-------
MERRIMACK RIVER STATIONS
in
DOWN STREAN ORDER
(For Plots With Only 8 Stations Plotted)
Plot Station Number Station Location Map Station Number
1. Merrimack River at Penacook, N. H. PMN
2 7-MER
2. Merrimack River at Hooksett, N. H. NWQSS
16-MER
3. Merrimack River below Nashua, N. H. NWQSS
1-MER
4. Merrimack River above Lowell, Mass. NWQSS
01096550
5. Merrimack River at West Newbury, Mass. NWQSS
01100750
7. Nashua River at Hollis Depot, N. H. NWQSS
3-6-NSH
REFERENCE STATIONS
6. Whitman River near Westminster, Mass. NWQSS
01094340
8. Pemigewasset River at New Hampton, N.H. PMN
33- 9-PM1
PLOT LEGEND
Left Axis = April to September = Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — — —. = October to March = Mean Values
= Maximum Values
= Minimum Values
96.

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-------
3.9 PISCATAQUA RIVER AND NEW HAMPSHIRE COASTAL DRAINAGE AREA
The Salmon Falls River drains Great East Lake and flows
thirty—seven miles to the head of the tide at Dover, New
Hampshire. The last twelve miles of tidal estuary is the
Piscataqua River connecting Great Bay with the ocean at New
Castle, New Hampshire. These two rivers form the border be-
tween Maine and New Hampshire. At Dover, New Hampshire the
Cocheco River also joins the Piscataqua River.
New Hampshire operates a Primary Monitoring Network
Station on the tidal portion of the Cocheco River. All of
the New Hampshire water quality standards, with the exception
of water temperature, are violated at this station. Municipal
and industrial wastes enter the river at Dover, Rochester and
Farmington, New Hampshire. The only major industrial discharger
is a metal plating and polishing company located in Dover, New
Hampshire.
New Hampshire operates another Primary Monitoring Network
Station in this basin in Hampton Harbor. There are no violations
of the state standards at this station.
101.

-------
N
PISCATAQUA R. AND N, H.
Co
STAL
BASIN
I
N
E
w
N
E
HAM
P
S
P.M.N.
(56)
V —
• $CALL N IL($ •
P.M.N.
(1-Coastal)
102.

-------
97
SUM 4ARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
1 isin Name
( tat ) -
(No. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality
..
Parameter

Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
-
Va].ues
Percent
Violations
.
Maximum
Miflimum
Piscataqua River and Dissolved Oxygen 757. 2 10 207.
New Hampshire Coastal Turbidity S.T.U. 25 0 10 07.
(New Hampshire) (2) Total ColiforEn 70/100 ml 9 12 757.
pH 8.0 6.5 1 13 77.
Phenols 1.0 3 3 1007.
Totals for Basin 15 48 317.
* In marine waters crite ía are for Class SB standard.

-------
3.10 PRESUMPSCOT RIVER BASIN
Water quality in the Presumpscot River varies from Class A
at its origin in Sebago Lake to a severely degraded condition
downstream of Westbrook, Maine. Between Westbrook (Plot Station
No. 2) the river receives wastewater from the S. D. Warren Company
and the city of Westbrook. These discharges cause water quality
standards violations for dissolved oxygen percent saturation and
coliform bacteria. These conditions extend to the tidal por-
tion of the river (Plot Station No. 3).
Turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, coliform bacteria,
nitrogen, and phosphorus are all seen to increase dramatically
within the stream between Westbrook and Presumpscot Falls.
104.

-------
0,
(
P.M.N.
R22R
)
P.M.N.
( ROOR
)
NAPLES ( Coffge
) Poad Pond
no :
Lc,A’e /1
• PS (1
Th , j 0 s :. rhs r J
° P flQ
£
RAYMOI’ Df
• . fJLit!/eSebago
S(BAGO •:: • : :•. Lake
•1 • ? 9/tRAY \tml,
I ‘\ )%t Forest
: r’ J. 1 “ WEST
ON. WINDHAM CUNB CAND
• •CUMB LAND
b ’WINDHAM CEN R
.. . •
q,qhI7nF?
SEBAGO LAKE •: ; -
STANDISH S. WINDHA M
/4)/ 8’ L/,,,t 0
PRESUMP ÔT.: Ø’
;: •GORHAN
• \‘ OBUXTON ___ •C MBERLAHD..-..•:.
“ WESTBi& MILLS
\s
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/
P.M.N.
( R79R
)
0
2
MS& Il
P ESU F3 COT
S
F IVE
GORHAN
105.

-------
Presumpscot River and
Casco Bay
(Maine) (2)
Ef
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
asin Name
(State)
(No. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Water Temperature 28.7 °C
0 8
n . j
‘_, I .
(Maine) (1)
Totals for Basin
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/I
0
8
07.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent
757.
1
8
127.
Total Coliform
300/100 ml
8
8
1007.
Fecal Coliform
60/100 ml
8
8
1007.
pH
Water Temperature
8.5
29.4 °C
6.0
0
0
8
11
07.
070
Dissolved Oxygen
6.0 mg/i
2
Ii
187.
Total Coliform
500/100 ml
11
11
1007.
Fecal Coliform
150/100 ml
10
11
917.
pH
8.5
6.7
6
11
547.
46
103
45%
* In marine waters crite
ía are for Class SB standard.

-------
PRESUMPSCOT RIVER STATIONS
in
DOWNSTREAM ORDER
Plot Station Number Station Location Map Station Number
2. Presumpscot River above Falmouth, PMN
Maine (R22R)
3. Presumpscot River below Presumpscot PMN
Falls, Maine (ROOR)
REFERENCE STATION
1. Presumpscot River at Westbrook, Maine PMN
(R79R)
PLOT LEGEND
Left Axis = April to September = Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — — — = October to March = Mean Values
= Maximum Values
= Minimum Values
107.

-------
TOP -ST 06 )
MULTIPLE ST T1ON PLOT tMSP)
• FROM 7(10211 TO 7(10910
SIRJ B SJ. 1 2 fI ON5
1200 1200
0 0
6 6
0 0
S .•• S
I x I
900 900
A
11 • M
F
L L
O 0
w 600 600
C C
r F
S S
300 0O
0 0
STPT1ON 3 1 2 STqT IONS
9 NGE

-------
MUi IN (M
FAOM 740211 TO 740310
1 2 . P !ONS
20.0 3.2
w
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STPTICNS 1 2 SIPhONS
RANGE

-------
3T0,II..I .T5. 06.... MULTIPLE STPTION PLOT MSPJ
FROM 7(10211 TO 7(10910 .5J TI NS
STRTI9 1 2 3
I I
a
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STPTIOM 3 1 2 3
F NGE

-------
El EM ‘11
MULTIPLE T TION PLOT (lISP)
FROM 7 02Il TO 7%10910
STRT 18 . 1 2 3 1 IONS
l x
80 80
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-------
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-------
rs T ’ 4 or
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8-
APNGE

-------
IL ON ( 4
t iv’, 74u i1 T i (41205
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STRTIO S 1 2 3 5TPT16N
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-------
- _ ci-, sp”p-M U511417
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-------
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-------
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-------
STORET 5(STE 0 5/t3/7
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RANGE

-------
ST ( ‘75
MULTIPLE STPTIDP4 PLOT IMSP)
FROM 7t10211 TO 7q0910
5TRTI? 1 2 3 1 TION5
0 0
o 0
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5TPTION 3 1 2 3 TATION3
R N6C

-------
3.11 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN
Downstream of Berlin, New Hampshire, the Androscoggin River is
severely degraded by paper mill and untreated domestic sewage discharges
in both New Hampshire and Maine. Class B standards for dissolved oxygen-
percent saturation and coliform bacteria are being violated.
In New Hampshire, the Brown Paper Company and communities of Berlin
and Gorham all discharge untreated wastes at the present time. Proceeding
downstream through Maine, the river receives untreated paper production
wastes from Oxford Paper Company and treated wastewater from International
and Pejepscot Paper companies. Untreated or inadequately treated domestic
sewage is discharged from the towns of Bethel, Rumford, Mexico, Livermore
Falls, Jay, Lewiston, Auburn and Lisbon.
The Little Androscoggin River is the largest tributary of the
Androscoggin. Major discharges of wastewater from domestic and industrial
sources enter this stream in South Paris, Oxford and Mechanic Falls causing
violations of Class B standards for dissolved oxygen and coliform bacteria.
The plotted monitoring data compares water quality of the Little
Androscoggin River near Oxford (Plot Station No. 1) and the Wild River near
Cilead, Maine (Plot Station No. 4) with water quality of the Androscoggin
River at Rumford (Plot Station No. 2) and at Turner (Plot Station No. 3).
This comparison is indicative of water quality at locations with major point
source discharges upstream and a location of pristine quality (Station No. 4).
Coliform bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorus are seen to vary distinctly
between the natural area at Gilead and those stream reaches receiving point
source waste loads. Also, it is noteworthy that limits of Class B standards
for total coliform bacteria were exceeded at Gilead as well as at other
stations.
120.

-------
0
10 20
MILES
$.W.Q.S.S.
ooc)
N
N.W.Q.S.S.
(A586 R)
*
• U.S.G.S.
( 0105 1 e200 )
P.M N.
( 1-AND )
*
P.M.N.
ALA182C ):
this report
ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN
___ N.H.—MA IN
P.M.
*
P.M.N.
1 oc)
•* Not used In
BRU S WICK
121.

-------
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
basin Name Water Quality Class B Standards * Number Number Percent
(Statc) of of
Parameter Violations
(No. of St tions Sampled) Maximum Minimum Violations Values
Androscoggin River Water Temperature 28.790 0 52 O7
Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/I 3 42 77
(Maine) (4)
Dissolved Oxygen 75 . , 10 27 37%
Saturation Percen
Total Coliform 300/100 ml 44 48 917.
Fecal Coliform 60/100 ml 38 48 797.
pH 8.5 6.0 3 52 67.
Totals for Basin 98 269 367.
* In marine waters criteiia are for Class SB standard.

-------
ANDROSCOCCIN RIVER STATIONS
ir a
DOWNSTREAM ORDER
Plot Station Number Station Location Map Station Number
1. Little Androscoggin River at PMN
Oxford, Maine ALA182C
2. Androscoggin River at Rumford, NWQSS
Maine A800C
3. Androscoggin River at Turner, PMN
Maine A41OC
REFERENCE STATION
4. Wild River at Cilead, Maine USGS
01054200
PLOT LEGEND
Left Axis = April to September = Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — — = October to March = Mean Values
A = Maximum Values
= Minimum Values
123.

-------
TOfl ‘ST O6 S
x10,
STqT1 9 1
16
12
8-
TRTION 3
MULTIPLE 5TPTION PLOT (MSP)
FROM 7140213 TO 7140911
U
0
0
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I
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p
1
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21400
1 800
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1200
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600
12314
IONS

-------
STI 5 -r -- 0 75
MULTIPLE 5T TION PLOT (M5P)
FROM 7t10213 TO 7t O911
STPTI 1 2 3 ‘i rJ TIONS
2 2
9 9
9 9
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3T TIONS 1 2 3 ‘4 STF 1T IONS
R NGC

-------
IUL 51 P 1
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STRT 1 1 2 3 q J LON5
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3 3
STATIONS 1 2 3 STATIONS
RANGE

-------
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-------
Os
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tlii _T1!1.E JL u ’P : ‘
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-------
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-------
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0
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0
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LO
STPT EONS
F NGE

-------
i e - :sSL
RE 7q0213 TC 7’412O I
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-------
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-------
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-------
;P)
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-------
P i E rio
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STflTIONS 1 2 3 LI STRT IONS
R 1NGE

-------
3. 12 KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN (MAINE)
The headwaters of the Kennebec River are of pristine
quality and become gradually poorer in quality as they flow
along the main stem river through Waterville and Augusta.
Coliform bacteria and pH are the only water quality standards
for which monitoring data has indicated violations. These
are attributable to insufficiently treated pulp and paper
production wastewaters and domestic sewage discharges in both
Waterville and Augusta.
A wide range of concentrations of coliform bacteria and
phosphorus between the relatively clean waters of the Kennebec
River at Bingham (Plot Station No. 2) and at Cardiner (Plot
Station No. 1) is evident.
136.

-------
C IC 2 ..
*•• Not used in
this report
(K117c)
I H DRS
(01046500)
. ssa.usS PT
KENNEBEC RIVER ASIN
MAINE _____
PMN
*
..a
1 7

-------
Lr DL,r. .1. L
97.
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
sin Name
(State)
(No. of Stations
Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
Kennebec River Water Temperature 28.79°C 0 17
(Maine) (2) Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/i 0 11
Dissolved Oxygen 75% NO’ RUN
Saturat ion Percent
Total Coliforms 300/100 ml 2 12 167.
Fecal Coliforms 60/100 ml 6 17 357.
pH 8.5 6.0 1 17 67.
Total for Basin 9 74 127.
* In marine waters crite Ia are for Class sr. standard.

-------
KENNEBEC RIVER STATIONS
Plot Station Number Station Location Map Station Number
1. Kennebec River at Cardiner, Maine PMN
K-i 17C
REFERENCE STATION
2. Kennebec River at Bingham, Maine I.H.D.R.S.
01046500
PLOT LEGEND
Left Axis = April to September = Mean Values
Right Axis — — — — — — = October to March = Mean Values
= Maximum Values
= Minimum Values
139.

-------
E1 /1
MULTIPLE STRTIOP4 PLOT (N5P)
FROM 7L O123 T 7t 1218
STflTI 1 2 0 .5T Tb0w5
20 12
o 0
1 1
o 0
1 1 14
15 9
T T
E E
P1
P 10 6 P
C C
C
N N
I 0 1
S 3
I x
0 0
SIPhONS I STRIJONS
R N6E

-------
STORET SYSTEM 05/1 /7b MULTIPLE STRTION PLOT (lISP)
FFiOM7t10123 TO 7L11218 TIONS
STRJ J 1 2
£
3
20
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3T9TICN S
STRTIONS 1 2
RANGE

-------
5T 1_. . /75
MULTIPLE SIPhON PLOT (P45P)
! OM 7qC;23 TO 7’41218
3 IONS
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12
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-------
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-------
STC iTS 0( 75
MULTIPLE STRTIOP4 !LOT (lISP)
FROM 7140220 10 7111119
2 Th BNS
0.0140 0.032
0.030 0.0214
I T
0 0
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SIPhONS 1 2 SIPhONS
RPNGC

-------
_5T1.. D6/ i
MULTIPLE 5TRTION PLOT (lISP)
FMOM 7(10220 TO 7(41119
0.16 ‘ S 0.12
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src TIoN 1 2 TRTICNS
RqNG [

-------
3.13 PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN
The Penobscot River drains a complex network of lakes
in northern Maine and runs 74 miles to the ocean at Penobscot
Bay. The only Class “B” standards violations at this station
are for total and fecal coliforms. These violations are
caused by untreated municipal and pulp and paper mill discharges.
146.

-------
A//c t ogA
swcomp.moc Lc Sc,o çi, ______
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SCALE IN MILlS
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______________ Lak. BRADLEY
OROI O
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/
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WLNTE ORT(
BUCSCS • RI
Toddy
PENOBSCOT RIVER
BASIN
MAINE
147.

-------
Penobscot River
(Maine) (I)
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
Basin Name
(State)
(No. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
Class
B Standards *
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
0
Water Temperature 28.7 C
0 9
n o,
J I.
Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/i
0
9
07.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent
7570
0
0
.
Total Coliform
300/100 ml
12
12
100%
Fecal Coliform
60/100 ml
8
12
737.
pH
8.5
6.0
0
11
07.
Totals for Basin
* In marine waters crit i
20
53
38%
ta are for Class SB standard.

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3.14 ST. CROIX RIVER BASIN
The St. Croix River drains the Chiputneticook Lakes and
forms the Maine - Canadian border for 77 miles before it meets
the ocean at Calais, Maine.
The Georgia - Pacific Company paper mill in Woodland,
Maine, the basin’s only major industrial discharger, has tradi-
tionally had an enormous negative impact on water quality in
the lower segment of the river. Color, turbidity, and bio-
chemical oxygen demand levels are high due to log storage and
process waste discharge. Dissolved oxygen standards are vio-
lated in the suimner when river flow rates are low. Total and
fecal coliform standards are violated by the discharges of the
mill and combined sewer overflows in Milltown, Maine.
149.

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0 4 S 2 5
MIL($
SAINT CROIX RIVER BASIN
t’tAI NE
NCW
8RUNS WICK
BASIN BOUNDAI
N.W.Q.S.S.
1050)
150.

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TABLE .i4
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
;:. th Name
(State)
( Io. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
Class
B Standards
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
Minimum
St. Croix River Water Temperature 28.79 0 C 0 17 0%
(Maine) (1) Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/I 5 17 297.
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent 757. NOT RUN
Total Coliforms 300/ 100 ml 18 18 1007.
Fecal Coliforms 60/ 100 ml 4 17 - 237.
pH 8.5 6.0 0 17 07.
Totals for Basin 27 86 31%
* In marine waters criteLia re for Cr.

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3.15 ST. JOHN RIVER DRAINAGE AREA
The northern tip of Maine is drained by the St. John River
Basin. The St. John River and the Aroostook River both originate
in Maine and flow eastward into Canada. The basin’s industry is
predominately logging and potato and starch processing.
The water quality of the main stem of the St. John River is
good above Edmundston and Madawaska. There the river receives
wastes from two paper mills, one of which is a major industrial
discharger, and raw domestic waste discharges.
On the Aroostook River the major industry causing water quality
problems is potato processing. The station on the Aroostook River
at Caribou shows the total coliform levels violating Class B Stand-
ards lOO7 of the time and fecal coliforms 33% of the time.
At a station on the Prestile Stream there are total coliform,
fecal coliform and pH violations 177. of the time reflecting both
municipal sewage discharges and the potato processing waste discharges.
152.

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P.M.N.
,( JAR1 1 e9L )
8CAL( IN ILtS
P.M.N.
( JPR174C )
SAINT JOHN RIVER BASIN
MAINE
<1
/
153.

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Basin Name
(State)
(No. of Stations Sampled)
St. John River
(Maine) (2)
Total for Basin
Water Quality
Parameter
Water Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation Percent
Total Coliforms
Fecal Coliforms
pH
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
Class B Standards * Number
of
Maximum Minimum Violations
28. 7°C
300/100 ml
60/100 ml
8.5
standard.
5.0 mg/I
750/
6.0
0
0
7
3
1
11
NOT RUN
Number
of
Values
12
12
12
12
12
60
Percent
Violations
A ,,
“I.
., I.
587.
257.
0°I
U,.
187.
* In marine waters criteita are for Class SB

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3.16 LAKE MFIIPHREMAGOG DRAINAGE AREA
Lake Memphremagog is located on the border between Vermont
and Canada. It has a surface area of 36.4 square miles, a mean
depth of 51 Feet, and a drainage area of 650.5 square miles.
Within the United States, however, the surface area is 9.7 square
miles with a mean depth of 21 feet and a drainage area of 477.1
square miles. Its major tributaries in the United States are the
Black, Barton and Clyde Rivers, all of which are Class B waters.
The water quality problems in the lake are color and nutri-
ents. Color is a state standard and is violated 1007. of the time.
This is due to high turbidity from land runoff and from excessive
algal growth. Algal growths have been a result of the high levels
of nutrients (from rural runoff) present in the lake. It has been
estimated by the Vermont Department of Water Resources that the
annual input to the lake is 95,070 pounds of phosporou and
2,038,210 pounds of nitrogen.
155.

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10
0 -
- - - COUNTY BOUNDARY
Lake Memphremogog
Averill Creek
Cooticook River
Holland Brook
Johns River
Stearns Brook
Tom fobio River
LAKE MEMPI-IREMAGOG
VERMONT
- -i -4
MILES
TOM/FOB/A
RIVER
JO/INS RI
COt Tic.CO% RiVER
HOLLAND BROOK
j
N.W.
BASIN
ESSEX
/
/
/
I
2
/
I.
C AL E DON IA
/
/
% I
/
ft
1 cA -

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LE —.
1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
I:Asin Name
(State)
(:io. of Stations Sampled)
Water Quality
Parameter
Class
B Standards
Number
of
Violations
Number
of
Values
Percent
Violations
Maximum
-
Minimum
Lake Memphremagog Dissolved Oxygen 6.0 mg/i 1 17 67.
(Vermont) (I) Turbidity J.T.U. 25 0 4 07.
pH 8.0 6.5 0 8 07.
Color 25 2 2 1007.
Total Coliform 500 0 3 - 00/.
Fecal Coliform 200 0 2 07.
Totals for Basin 3 36 8’/.
* In marine waterc r r-pi. ir

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3.17 LAKE CHANPLAIN DRAINAGE AREA
The N.W.Q.S.S. Station on Lake Champlain is in Missioquoi
Bay on the northern end of the lake. The Missioquoi River is
the major tributary to the bay.
Sediments and algal blooms, caused by nutrients from
municipal discharges and rural runoff, are responsible for
violations of the state’s color standard.
158.

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N.W.Q.S.S.
(503515)
NORTHERN SECTION
LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN
• CANADA
N(W
ROCK RIVER. P$K( RIVER
BASIN BOUNDARY
FRAN KLIN
I
I0
=4 •• •• . • _
MILES
I0
H ITT ENDEN
NOTE
The basin has been prepared in two
sections the Northern and Southern Sections.
ADDISON
159.

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0 ‘0
MILES
N
NOTE
The basin has been prepared in two
sections, the Northern and Southern sections.
SOUTHERN SECTION
LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN CLASSIFICATION
CHITTEN DEN
q
I0
: 1 }— 1- k-
DDISON
BASIN BOUNDARY
WEW YORK
‘S
RUT
L
AND
“I)
1 1L

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1974
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY VIOLATIONS
;::js n Name Water Quality Class B Standards * Number Number Percent
(State) of of
parameter Viola : --
(:io. of Stations Sampled) Maximum Minimum Violations Values
Lake Champlain Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/I. 1 3 3370
(Vermont) (1) Turbidity J.T.U. 25 0 3 0%
pH 8.0 6.5 0 3 07.
Color 25 1 1 1007.
Total Coliform 500 Not Run
Fecal Coliform 200 Not Run
Totals for Basin 2 10 207.
In marine waters cr5 teijia arc for Class Sr 1 standard.

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