SELECTED PCB BIBLIOGRAPHY
JUNE 1983
Compiled by:
Mary Beth Hayes
U.S. EPA
Region 1 Library
J.F.K. Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 223-4017
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SELECTED PCB BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this bibliography is to inform environmental
professionals, students, and the puhuic of polychiorinated biphenyl
(PCB) contamination in the United States. Included is introductory
material for the non—scientist as well as technical reports for
professionals.
The citations are divided into three sections. The first is
a listing of bibliographies on PCBs. The second section covers
properties and industrial uses of PCB and incidence of contamination
in the biotic and abiotic spheres. The third section is a review of
current methods for the treatment and disposal of PCB wastes.
Included are case studies of two sites which have been studied
extensively for several years: the Acushnet River Estuary/ New Bed-
ford Harbor Area and the Hudson River. Administrative guidelines
are also included.
The problem of PCB contamination in our environment is a well
documented one, and is of international concern. The selection of
publications for inclusion was based upon several factors including
timeliness and specificity. The majority of the reports were pub-
lished after 1980, particularly those technical in nature. An effort
was made to avoid overlapping subject matter. One comprehensive
report was favored over several more limited ones.
This bibliography does not include all the material on PCBs in
the Region 1 Library, but is representative of available information.
If the reports can be found in the Region 1 Library, an asterick (indi-
cating paper copy) or a pound mark (indicating microfiche) will precede
the citation. If the report or journal article does not included refer-
ences, it will be so noted.
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SECTION ONE
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
* Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research,
Washington, D.C.
PCB in Water — A Bibliography , 1973, 144 p.
PB— 217 859 O1A 000 2720
Bibliography of 88 abstracts from the Selected Water Resources
Abstracts (SWRA) data base. Subject and author indices included.
* Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research,
Washington, D.C.
PCB in Water — A Bibliography, Volume 2 . 1975, 195 p.
PB— 248 141 O1A 000 2745
Bibliography of 177 abstracts from the SWRA data base. Covers period
fromJan. 1973 to Oct. 1975.
# Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri.
Methods of Analysis for By—Product PCBs — — Literature Review and
Preliminary Recommendations . Interim Report #1, 1982, 135 p.
PB83—126 573 EPA 560/ 5—82—005
Review of the literature on PCB analysis and guidelines for methods
to determine PCB residues in commercial products. Report was pre-
pared to aid EPA in formulating a rule to regulate by—product PCBs.
Several hundred citations in the bibliography.
# National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Environment , 1975, 51 p.
PS—75/713 O1A 000 3585
Bibliography with abstracts of federally—funded research reports on
environmental aspects of PCBs. Most reports concerned with toxicity,
ecology, and abundance of PCBs in the aquatic environment.
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SECTION TWO
PROPERTIES, USES, AND
INC IDENCE OF CONTAMINATION
Reports
* M bient Water Quality Criteria for Polychiorinated Biphenyls .
U.S. EPA, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.
1980, 200 p.
PB81—117 798 EPA 440/ 5—80—068
Update of U.S. EPA Water Quality Criteria (1976), reflects gains in
scientific knowledge about PCBs. Includes concentration criteria
for the protection of fresh and saltwater aquatic life, and safe
concentrations for humans.
* Burros, Robert P. Assessment of the Environmental and Economic Impacts
of the Ban on Imports of PCBs . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances,
Washington, D.C. 1977, 176 p.
PB—270 225 EPA 560/ 6—77—007
Summary of investigation of the uses of imported PCBs in the United
States. Short sections included cover how other industrial nations
are dealing with the PCB problem.
* Callahan, Michael A., et al. Water—Related Environmental Fate of 129
Priority Pollutants, Volume 1: Introduction and Technical Background,
Metals and Inorganics, Pesticides and PCBs . U.S. EPA, Office of Water
Planning and Standards, Washington, D.C. 1979. 514 p.
PB8O—204 373 EPA 440/ 4—79—029A
Literature search and summary of data for the individual fate processes
that could occur if a pollutant were introduced into an aquatic system.
Chapter 36 deals with PCBs, and includes physical properties and bio-
chemical processes.
* Carr, Roderick A., et al. PCBs Involvement in the Pulp and Paper Industry .
U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 1977, 110 p.
EPA 560/ 6—77—005
Detailed discussion of the sources, distribution, and losses of PCBs
in the U.S. pulp and paper industry. Model presented of the past and
projected PCB content in products and wastewaetr from the industry.
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# Coiwell, Rita R., and Gary S. Sayler. Effects and Interactions of Poly—
chlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) with Estuarine Microorganisms and
Shellfish . U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf
Breeze, Florida. 1977, 57 p.
PB—272 103 EPA 600/ 3-77—070
Role of estuarine bacteria in the mobilization, transport, and
removal of PCBs is investigated. Objective of researchers was to
determine impact (stress) of PCB contamination in an estuarine
ecosystem
II Criteria Document: Recommendations for an Occupational Exposure Standard
for Polychirinated Biphenyls . National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, Cincinnatti, Ohio. 1977, 234 p.
PB—276 849 NIOSH 77—225
Gives recommended rate for occupational exposure to PCBs. Criteria
outlined for medicaL- examinations of employees, labelling and posting,
protective equipment and clothing, and monitoring and record—keeping.
1/ Erickson, M.D., et al. Analytical Methods for By—Product PCBs—Preliminary
Validation and Interim Methods . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances,
Washington, D.C. 1982, 243 p.
PB83—127 696 EPA 560/ 5—82—006
Proposed methods for analysis of by—product PCBs in commercial products,
wastewaters, and air. Includes revisions of earlier EPA standard methods,
and proposed EPA methods for collection and analysis of PCBs in air and
flue—gas emissions.
// Farrington,John W., et al. Hydrocarbons, Polychiorinated Biphenyls, and
DDE in Müss&Ls and Oysters from the U.S. Coast, 1976—1978 —— The
Mussel Watch . Woods Hole Oceanographic INstitute. 1982, 111 p.
PB83—133 371 WHOI—82—42
Several species of mussels and oysters were sampled at 9O -1OO stations
around the U.S. coastline during 1976, 77, and 78. Data for concentra-
tions of PCB, DDE, and various hydrocarbons are presented. Author
discusses the use of bivalves as sentinel organisms for coastal chemical
pollution.
* Finlay, Doris H., et al. Review of PCB Levels in the Environment . U.S. EPA,
Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C, 1976, 143 p.
PB—253 735 EPA 560/ 7—76—001
Assessment of PCB levels in the environment on a national level. Data
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obtained from national monitoring programs, scientific literature,
and unpublished reports up to December 1, 1975.
* Fisher, F.M. Maximum Utilization of Water Resources in a Planned
Community . U.S. EOA, Municipal Enviornmental Laboratory, Cincinnatti,
Ohio. 1980, 81 p.
PB81—112 880 EPA 600/ 2—80—113
Report describes the development of a community and its contribu-
tion of organochiorine compounds to the surrounding aquatic ecosystem.
The paper discusses the effects of cut and fill operations, road
bed construction, service installations, etc. Water, soil, and biotic
components were assayed over a 38—month period at the Texas site.
# Griffin, R.A., E.S. Chian. Attenuation of Water—Soluble Polychiorinated
Biphenyls by Earth Materials . (Final Report) U.S. EPA, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnatti, Ohio. 1980. 104 p.
PB8O—219 652 EPA 600/2—80—027
Aqueous solubility, adsorption, mobility, microbial degradation, and
volatility of PCBs were studied under laboratory conditions. Analysis
of the adsorption of water—soluble PCBs by five earth materials included.
* Hazardous Materials Incidents Reported to U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Regional Offices From October 1977 Through September 1979 .
U.S. EPA, Oil and Special Materials Control Division, Washington, D.C.
1980. 418 p.
PB8O—144 637 EPA 430/ 9—79—019
Record of hazardous material incidents reported to EPA regional
offices. Information on 3,076 incidents including location, type of
incident, material and volume involved, and the environmental
medium affected, Material on PCB spills included.
* Hem, Stephen C., et al. Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the
Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana . U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Devel-
opment, Las Vegas, Nevada. 1979. 89 p.
PB8O—144 835 EPA 600/ 4—79—061
Collection and analysis of water, bottom sediments, and fish samples
from the Atchafalaya River Basin from 1974 to 1977. Pattern of dis-
tribution of PCBs and pesticides reflects agricultural activity in
surrounding area.
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* Industry Views on the Use of Polychiorinated Biphenyls in Transformers
and Capacitors . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington,D.C.
1976. 42 p.
Compilation of statements by industry leaders (PCB manufacturers and
users) regarding PCB regulations and PCB substitutes.
* Kimbrough, Renate D., editor. Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naptha—
lenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Products . Elsevier/North Holland
Biomedical Press, New York. 1980. 406 p.
RA1242 .H35H
Comprehensive study of this group of chemicals covering chemical
properties, environmental fate, toxicological studies in animals,
and general population exposure to halogenated biphenyls. The
contamination of food supply in Yusho, Japan and Michigan also
discussed. Several hundred references cited.
* Kolek, Andrew and Russell Ceurvels. Polychiorinated Biphenyl (PCB)
Analyses of Marine Organisms in the New Bedford Area, 1976—1980 .
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Division of Marine Fisheries. 1981. 33 p.
OIA 000 3563
Description of a program to analyze finfish, shellfish, and crusta-
ceans in the New Bedford Area waters for PCB content. Discussion of
methodology, study areas, and results.
* National Conference on Polychiorinated Biphenyls (November 19—21, 1975,
Chicago, Illinois) , U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.
1976. 469 p.
PB—253 248 EPA 560/6—75—004
Conference held to “bring together the latest data and best available
expertise to clarify problems associated with the manufacture, use, and
disposal of PCBs.” Over 75 technical reports are included which cover
virtually all aspects of PCBs.
Nicholson, William J. and John A, Moore, editors. Health Effects of
Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons . New York Academy of Sciences. 1979.
730 p.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 320.
Volume presents material from an international conference of the same
title and several related workshops held June 24—27, 1978. Several
articles within this volume deal with topics such as storage and health
effects in man, fate of PCBs in river systems, and the Yusho poisoning
incident.
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* PCB’s in the United States— Industrial Use and Environmental Distribution,
Task 1 . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 1976.
487 p.
PB—252 402 EPA 560/6—76—005
This report is a comprehensive treatment of the PCB contamination
problem. Information is derived from detailed studies of production,
past and present generation and disposal of PCB wastes, environmental
transport, potential alternatives to PCB usage, and current regulatory
authorities involved in its control. The report warns that there is
a potentially severe future hazard due to large amounts of PCBs in
land dsiposal sites.
* Polychlorinated Biphenyls . National Academy of Sciences. 1979. 182 p.
QH 545 .P6 N37 1979
Included in this concise monograph are a model of PCB distribution in
the environment, estimates of the curr at reservoir, and an economic
impact analysis of control options. The Committee on the Assessment
of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Environment sets forth its recom-
mendations for guidelines and areas of needed study.
* Sampling Survey Related to Possible Emissions of Polychiorinated Biphenyls
( PCBs) from the Incineration of Domestic Refuse . U.S. EPA, Region V,
Chicago, Illinois. 1875. 47 p.
O1A 000 3660
The Air Quality Branch of Region V’s Surveillance and Analysis Division
began a project to quantify PCB levels associated with the Incineration
of domestic waste. Since the manufacture of paper products using re-
cycled paper has been found to be a major source of PCB in industrial
effluent, this project attempts to determine if domestic refuse consti-
tutes a source of PCBs to ambient air.
// Smith, J A., et al Follow—Up Study of the Distribution and Fate of Poly—
chlQrinated Biphenyls and Benzenes in Soil and Groundwater Samples
After an Accidental Spill of Transformer Fluid . U.S. EPA, Region IV,
Atlanta, Georgia. 1976. 19 p.
PB—273 984
Brief discussion of the technical aspects of the fate of spill residuals,
after the initial cleanup and after three years. Topics considered are
biodegradation of PCBs, effects of weather and climate, and soil dynamics.
This report was presented at the 1976 National Conference on Control of
of Hazardous Materials Spills, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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# Stratton, Charles L., et al. Environmental Assessment of Polychiorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs) Near New Bedford, MA. Municipal Landfill . U.S. EPA,
Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 1978. 48 p.
PB—291 245 EPA 560/6-78—006
A field survey and sampling of water, vegetation, air, and aquatic and
terrestrial biota was conducted in a landfill site to assess transport
of PCBs from that landfill. The site, located in a wetland area, had
been used for PCB disposal for many years.
* Weaver, Grant. PCB Pollution in the New Bedford, Massachusetts Area . Massa-
chusetts Coastal Zone Management. 1982. 62 p.
O1A 000 3503
Broad treatment of PCB contamination in food, animals, man, and the
environment. Other subjects considered include health effects, federal
limits and standards, and the manufacturers of PCB products in the New
Bedford area. Other contaminated sites across the country are briefly
discussed.
Journal Articles
* Billings, W.N., et al. “Movement of PCB from a contaminated reservoir into
a drinking water supply. ” BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND
TOXICOLOGY, 1978, pp. 215—222.
Report describes the movement of PCB from a conaininated reservoir
through a water treatment plant into a drinking water supply. Author
discusses the extent of contamination due to PCB input into freshwater
by industry. (Pam. file)
* Bopp, Richard F., et al. “Polychiorinated biphenyls in sediments of tidal
Hudson River, New York.” ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 15,
No. 2 (1981). pp. 210—215.
The sediment data presented in this report indicates gross PCB contam-
ination of the Hudson River system over the past three decades.
* Brown, David P. and M. Jones. “Mortality and industrial hygiene study of
workers exposed to polychiorinated biphenyls.” ARCHIVES OF ENVIRON-
MENTAL HEALTH, Vol. 36, No. 3. (1981), pp. 120—130.
Results of NIOSH retrospective cohort mortality study of 2,567 workers
in two plants (one in New York, one in Massachusetts) where PCBs were
used in manufacturing capacitors.
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* Drotman, D. Peter, et al. “Contamination of the food chain by polychiori—
nated biphenyls from a broken transformer.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol. 73, No. 3 (1983), PP. 290—292.
Au accidental leakage of PCBs from a transformer stored in a hog
slaughtering plant in Montana resulted in widespread distribution of
dairy products contaminated by PCBs. (Pam. file)
Finklea, J., et al. “Polychiorinated biphenyl residues in human plasma
expose a major urban pollution problem.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC
HEALTH, Vol. 62 (1872), pp. 645—End.
In a southeastern county, a research team assayed 723 plasma samples
for PCB and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. The volunteers were
healthy and not occupationally expesed to PCBs or pesticides. Residues
were found in 43% of the population ranging up to 29 ppb.
* Hoey, K., et al. “Use and health effects of Aroclor 1242, a polychiorinated
biphenyl, in an electrical industry.” ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,
Vol. 31 (1976), pp. 189-194.
34 occupationally exposed workers were examined for level in blood of
Aroclor 1242. Mean blood level in group was 400 ppb. Some medical
abnormalities were observed.
Horn, Edward G., et al. “The problem of PCBs in the Hudson River system.’?
Health Effects of Halogenated ArŕmaticHydrocarbons , National Academy
of Sciences, Vol. 320 (1979), pp. 591—609.
Discussion of PCB contamination in the Hudson River due to discharge
from capacitor manufacturing facilities. Description of the conditions
of the river two years after contaminated discharges ceased.
* Jensen, S8ren, “The PCB Story.” AMMO, Vol., 1, No. 4 (1972), pp. 123—131.
Sbren Jensen, Swedish chemist who first identified PCBs, relates the
history of its discovery as a toxic substance. Jensen includes test
results showing PCB blood levels from PCB—contaminated Japanese,
Swedish, and American persons.
* Kuratsune, Masanori, et a].. “Epidemiologic study on Yusho, a poisoning
caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated wLth a commercial brand
of polychiorinated biphenyls.” ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 1972,
pp. 119—128.
Report of the epidemic of skin disease and other disorders in Fukuoka—Ken,
Japan, the first major outbreak rep4prted. Authors describe epidemiological
studies and efforts to trace the outbreak.
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* MacLeod, Kathryn E. “Polychiorinated bi henyls in indoor air.” ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 15, Nd. ’8 (1980), PP. 926—928.
PB82—154 931
Report describes methods of analysis of PCBs utilizing low—volume
indoor air sampling. Indoor air, whether in commercial, industrial,
or residential buildings, contains higher levels of PCBs than
ambient air.
* Mowrer, J., et al. “PCB in a Lake Geneva ecosystem.” AMBIO, Vol. 11,
No. 6 (1982), pp. 350—358.
Analysis of sediments, algae, pondweeds, plankton, mussels, fish, and
eggs of waterfowl from Les Grangettes, a nature reserve of Lake Geneva
was taken to determine extent of PCB contamination. PCB concentrations
were found to be similar to those of the Baltic Sea, an area considered
to be severely contaminated by PCBs.
Thomann, Robert V. and John P. St. John. “The fate of PCBs in the Hudson
River ecosystems.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sxiences, Vol. 320,
(1979), pp. 610—629.
A description of the distribution and fate of PCBs in the Hudson River,
with emphasis on the aquatic ecosystems.
Urabe, Harukuni, et al. “Present state of Yusho patients.” Annals of the
New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 320(1979), pp. 273—276.
“Yusho” is the Japanese term for the notorious mass case of PCB poisoning
that occurred in 1968 as a result of contaminated cooking oil. Epidemi—
logic studies are included in this report, and a discussion of the
causes of death, both immediate and delayed.
* Veith, G.D., et al. “Polychiorinated biphenyls and other organic chemical
residues in fish from major United States watersheds near the Great
Lakes.” PESTICIDES MONITORING .JOURNAL, Vol. 15, No. 1 (1981), pp. 1—8.
PB82—207 903
26 composite samples of fish were collected during 1978 from U.S.
watersheds near the Great Lakes. Samples were analyzed for PCBs and
related organic compounds.
Wasserman, Marcus, et al. “World PCBs map: storage and effects in man and
his biologic environment in the 1970s.” Annals of the New York Academy
of Sciences, Vol. 320 (1979), pp. 69—124.
Report uses scientific data from all over the world to describe the epi—
demilogic features of PCBs stored in man and in the environment. Health
effetcs are also discussed.
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SECTION THREE
METHODOLOGY AIW GUIDELINES FOR
DISPOSAL OF PCBS
// Ackerman, D.G. Guidelines for the Disposal of PCBs (Polychlorinated
Biphenyls) and PCB Items by Thermal Destruction . U.S. EPA, Office
of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 1981. 319 p.
PB81—182 339 EPA 600/2—81—022
This document was designed to aid EPA regional offices in interpreting
and applying PCB regulations for the thermal destruction of PCBs.
Report covers fundamental processes of combustion, flame chemistry,
thermal destruction systems, and sampling and analysis methods. Admini-
strative concerns also addressed.
* Assessment of Wastewater Management, Treatment Technology, and Associated
Costs for Abatement of PCBs Concentrations in Industrial Effluents.
Task II, Final Report . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washing-
ton, D.C. 1876. 281 p.
PB—251 433 EPA 560/6—76—006
A study which seeks to determine toxic pollutant effluent concentrations
and daily load achievable for three industrial categories: PCB manufac-
turing; capacitor manufacturing; and transformer manufacturing. Included
is an extensive survey of wastewater treatment technologies.
# Blazevitch, Joseph N., et al. Monitoring of Trace Constituents During PCB
Recovery Dredging Operation: Duwatnish Waterway . U.S. EPA, Surveillance
and Analysis Division, Region V, Chicago, Illinois. 1977. 156 P.
PB—275 282 EPA 910/9—77—039
Report describes the monitoring program conducted after a spill of 255
gallons of transformer fluid (Aroclor 1242). The spill occurred in
Duwamish River in Seattle, Washington. Researchers evaluate the data
acquired before, during, and after the recovery operations.
# Caragay, Alegria B. and Phillip L. Levins. Evaluation of Protocols for
Pesticides and PCB’s in Raw Wastewater . U.S EPA, Office of Resesrch and
Development, Cincirinatti, Ohio 1979. 112 p.
Raw wastewater from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Brockton, Massa—
setts was dosed with 1-30 ppb of pesticides and PCBs. Samples were then
assayed in an effort to test EPA protocol for screening industrial
effluents for priority pollutants and to determine if it is applicable
for analysis of raw wastewater.
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11 Collins, P.F. and G.F. Hunt. EvaluationofPCB Destruction Efficiency in an
Industrial Boiler: Audit Report.U.S . EPA, Off ic of Research and
Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1981. 32 p.
PB81—187 270 EPA 600/2—81—055b
This report gives the results of a systems audit and evaluates the
quality of data obtained by General Motors and GCA Corporation in an
analysis of test burn oil for PCB conducted by Research Triangle Park.
The audit includes inspection of documentation, data, and consideration
of analytical methodology.
# Cotter, J.E. and R.J. Johnson. Facilities Evaluation of High Efficiency
Boiler Destruction of PCB Waste . U.S. EPA, Office of Environmental Engin-
eering and Technology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1981. 45 p.
PB81—178 287 EPA 600/ 7—81—031
Report evaluates two different high efficiency boilers for the destruc-
tion of wastes found to be contaminated by PCBs due to a transformer leak.
Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Stan-
dards for Control of Polychiorinated Biphenyls in the Deink Subcategory
of the Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Catego y . U.S. EPA,
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C. 1982. 80 p.
EPA is proposing regulations to limit the discharge of PCBs into waters
in the U.S.A. from mills in said industry. This document addresses
effluent limitations based on Best Available Technology (BAT), performance
standards and pretreatment standards (NSPS, PSES, and PSNS).
* EPA’s Final PCB Ban Rule: Over 100 Questions and Answers to Help You Meet
These Requirements . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.
I980.40 pd *d ( i wi aoo $qe
Guide for industries to adhere to the Final Rule for Polychiorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce,
and Use Prohibitions. The book has a question and answer format, and the
language is non—technical.
* Erikson, Mitchell D. and Edo D. Pellizzari. Identification and Analysis of
Polychiorinated Biphenyls and Other Related Chemicals in Municipal Sewage
Sludge Samples . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.
1977. 165 p.
PB—273 EPA 560/ 6—77—021
Sludge samples received from nine major U.S. cities were analyzed for
PCB content and other chlorinated compounds. Methods were developed for
the extraction, clean—up, and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy
analysis of PCBs in municipal sludge.
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* Malcolm Pirnie, Incorporated. Acushnet River Estua PCB Study . Common-
wealth of Massachusetts, Division of Water Pollution Control. 1982.
122 p.
O1A 000 3659
The objectives of this comprehensive study are to characterize the
nature and extent of the PCB contamination problem in the Acushnet River
Estuary—New Bedford Harbor Area, and to evaluate dredging programs to
reduce further contam-ination. Technical considerations are discussed,
including geography, sediment data analysis program, dredge material
disposal, and the environmental impact of this project.
# Mclnnes, Robert C. Technical Assistance in Support of Permitting Activities
for the Thermal Destruction of PCBs . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances,
Washington, D.C. 1981. 70 p..
PB82—231 325 EPA 600/ 2—81—240
Resport describes phased efforts to identify, evaluate, and provide
technical permitting assistance to utility boilers considering thermal
destruction of PCB—contaminated mineral oil.
# Millar, John D., et al. Determination of Pesticides and PCB’s in Industrial
and Municipal Wastewaters . U.S. EPA, Environmental M nitoring and Support
Laboratory’, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1982. 220 p.
PB82—214 222 EPA 600/ 4—82—023
I rocedures for the analysis of 25 chlorinated pesticides and PCB’s were
studied. Methods using two gas chromatographic columns and two detectors
(electron capture and electrolytic conductivity) were evaluated.
U Moein, George J., et al. Follow—up Study of the Distribution and Fate of
Polychiorinated Biphenyls arid Benzenes in Soil and Ground Water Samples After
an Accidental Spill of Transformer Fluid . U.S. EPA, Region V, Atlanta, Georgia.
1’976. 145 p.
PB—288 484 EPA 904/ 9—76—014
This technically oriented study seeks to derive a PCB concentration
profile in a spill area two years after the occurrence of the spill.
Field work and laboratory analysis were undertaken to examine the numerous
envjronmental factors which determine the fate of these toxic pollutants
in the natural environment.
* New Bedford Remedial Action Master Plan, Final Report . U.S. EPA, Region 1,
Waste Management Division, Boston, Massachusetts. 1983. 116 p.
U.S. EPA Contract No. 68—03—1613
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This report was developed to aid the planning of remedial actions
at the New Bedford, Massachusetts area. “The primary functions of the
RAMP are to review available data, to assess data needs, and to iden-
tify the type, scope, sequence, schedule, and costs of remedial
projects...” Background information about the various PCB—contaminated
sites in the New Bedford area is given.
* The PCB Contamination Problem in Waukegan, Illinois . U.S. EPA, Region V,
Chicago— Illinois. 1981. 58 p.
O1A 000 3605
Report discusses many aspects of the Lake Michigan PCB problem, inclu-
ding sediment analysis, water quality, government response and proposed
solutions. The merits of several options are considered, and a recommen-
dation is forwarded for the final disposal of PCB—contaminated materials.
1/ PCB Disposal by Thermal Destruction . U.S. EPA, Region VI, Air and Hazardous
Materials Division, Dallas, Texas. 1982. 610 p.
PB82—241 860 EPA 906/ 9—82—003
Consideration of the risks and benefits associated with incineration of
PCBs at two commercial facilities: Deer Park, Texas and El Dorado,
Arkansas. PCB incineration reports and emission sampling reports are
included, as are air dispersion modelling results.
# Queenan, Charles J. and Michael N. Schnitzer. Regulato Impact Analysis of
the Use Rule for PCB—Containing Electrical Equipment . U.S. EPA, Office
of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 1982. 203 p.
PB83—1O5 742 EPA 560/ 4—82—004
Update and revision of the Regulatory Impact Analysis for the proposed
Electrical Equipment Rulemaking. Alternative approaches to the phase—out
of PCB use are considered. An assessment of the benefits of long—term
versus short—term phase—outs is presented, with an estimated cost to
industries.
# Rodriguez, Charles F., et al. Method Development for Determination of Poly-
chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Municipal Sludge . U.S. EPA, Office of
Research and Development, Cinicnnati, Ohio. 1980. 75 p.
PB8O—198 401 EPA 600/ 2—80—029
Procedure for analysis of pesticides and PCBs in municipal sludge. The
method includes extraction of chlorinated compounds from the sample
matrix; separating and dedecting individual compounds; and comfirming
the identity of those compounds. Minimum detectability level is 0.3 mg
of pest icide per Kg of sludge.
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* Scinto, L.L., et al. Preliminary Operations Plan and Guidelines for the
At—Sea Incineration of Liquid PCB (Polychiorinated biphenyl) Wastes .
U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1982. 121 p.
PB83—181 834 EPA 600/ 2—82—068
This guidelines report is divided into two parts: Subtask A, the
development of an inventory of government—owned PCB wastes available for
at—sea incineration; and Subtask B, the development of operating plans
f or an EPA—coordinated disposal of the wastes. Both land—based and at—sea
operations are discussed.
# Stratton, Charles L., et al. A Method for Sampling and Analysis of Po y—
chlorinated Biphenyls (PCB5) in Ambient Air . U.S. EPA, Office of
Research and Development, Research Triangle Park. 1978. 133 p.
PB—228 410 EPA 600/ 4—78—048
Procedure for sampling and analysis of PCBs in air. Results of field
tests of the method under a variety of ambient conditions are discussed.
# Sworzyn, E.M. and D.C. Ackerman. Interim Guidelines for the Disposal/Destruc-
tion of PCBs and PCB Items by Non—Thermal Methods . U.S. EPA, Office of
Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1982.
177 p.
PB82—217 498 EPA 600/ 2—82—069
Interim guideline document designed to aid EPA regional offices in imple-
menting PCB regulations for using non—thermal methods of disposing and/or
destroying PCBs. Description and evaluation of various chemical, physical,
and biological PCB removal or detsruction technologies.
# Westin, Robert and Bruce Woodcock. Support Document! Voluntary Environmental
Impact Statement for Polychiorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Manufacturing, Pro-
cessing. Distribution in Commerce, and Use Ban Regulation: Economic Impact
Analysis . U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 1979. 315 p.
PB82—178 500 EPA 560/ 3—82—001
Summary of estimated economic impacts of the PCB Ban Regulations which
implement the requirements of the Toxic Substances Control Sct (TSCA). This
document was prepared to address major comments made and received during the
rulemaking proceedings.
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II Zelenski, Steven C,, et al. Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCB (Polychiori—
nated Biphenyl) Waste Oil. Volume 1— Summary.U.S . EPA. Office of Toxic
Substances, Washington, D.C. 1981. 85 p.
.PB8I—173 346 EPA 600/ 2—81—033A
First part of a two volume document describing the permitting process.
followed by Michigan before allowing a trial destruction burn of PCBs at
General Motor’s Bay City plant. Volume one chronicles the sequence of
events, and the interaction of various government agencies and General Motors.
# Zelenski, Steven C., et al. Appiying for a Permit to Destroy PCB (Polychiori—
nated Biphenyl) Waste Oil. Volume II— Documentation . U.S. EPA, Office of
of Toxic i stances, Washinj on, D.C. 1981. 220 p.
PB81—234 874 EPA 600/ 2—81—O33B
Full text of relevant documents summarized in volume one.
Reports
* Berry, Reginald I. “New ways to destroy PCBs.” CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,Vol. 88,
No. 16 (1981), pp. 37—41.
Discussion of chemical routes to break down PCBs, and “exotic” thermal
methods other than incineration. Author points out that some of the
new techniques are cheaper, easier, portable, and reult in useful
by—products.
* Black, Myron W. and Jon R. Swanson. “Destruction of PCBs in cement kilris.”
POLLUTION ENGINEERING, Vol. 15, No. 6 (1983), pp. 50—53.
Authors present support for the use of cement kilns for PCB incineration,
stating that this method fulfills EPA conditions as stated in 40 CFR Part
761. Several case studies are discussed. The authors note that public
opposition to PCB disposal operations is a m jor obstacle.
* Fox, L.L. and N.J. Merrick. “Controlling residual polychiorinated biphenyls
in wastewater treatment through conventional means.” Proceedings of the
37th Industrial Waste Conference, May 11, 12, and 13, 1982 . Ann Arbor
Science. 1983. pp. 413—423.
TA7.15 1982
Description of a clean—up and monitoring program initiated by an industrial
plant of its own wastewater treatment facilities. The authors claim that
efficient management of conventional treatment plants can remove PCBs to
such an extent that tertiary unit processes (activated carbon) are
unnecessary.
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* Hayashi, T. “Control of toxic effluents and management of toxic bottom
sediments.” Management of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic Sub-
stances. Proceedings of the Third U.S.—Japan Experts’Meeting . 1978. PP. 1—9.
PB—289 777 EPA 600/ 3—78—084
Discussion of water pollution control measures designed to regulate the
discharge of toxic substances and to treat bottom sediments contaminated
by mercury and PCBs. No references cited.
* Horn, Edward G. and Leo 3. Hetling. “Hudson River—PCB Study description and
detailed work plan.” Management of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic Sub-
stances. Proceedings of the Third U.S.—Japan Experts’ Meeting . 1978.
pp. 183—198.
PB—289 777 EPA 600/ 3—78—084
Detailed description of the Department of Conservation’s program related
to monitoring and reclamation of the Hudson River. The program evolved
into the “PCB Settlement,” formed to clean up the river, and involved
state and federal agencies and the General Electric company. The settlement
included provisions for remedial action and disposal of wastes.
* Hoba, Hiroma. “Recent progress in techniques for managing contaminated bottom
sediments.” Management of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic Substances .
Proceedings of the Third U.S.—Japan Experts’Meeting. 1978. pp. 49—64.
PB—289 777 EPA 600/ 3—78—084
Introduction to recent progress in dealing with contaminated bottom sedi-
ments. Includes comments on the Technical Guidelines prepared by the Japan
Dredging and Reclamation Engineering Association. Discusses the secondary
pollution caused by removal and disposal operations, and techniques to
minimize turbidity while maintaining dredging efficiency.
* Shiaris, Michael P. and Gary S. Sayler. “Biotransformation of PCB by natural
assemblages of freshwater microorganisms.” ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 16, No. 6 (1982), pp. 367—369.
Natural mixed microbial populations in lake water were found capable
of oxidizing certain biphneyls. Oxidation of 2—chloro—biphenyl resulted in
the accumulation of two biotransformational products, which were found to
be environmentally stable in aquatic environments.
* Sonksen, Marshall K. and John A. Lease. “Evaluation of cement dust stabilization
of polychiorinated biphenyl—contaminated sludges.” Proceedings of the 37th
Industrial Waste Conference, May 11, 12, and 13, 1982 . Ann Arbor Science.
1983. pp. 405—412.
TA7. 15
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Authors present a method of using cement dust as the solidifying agent
of PCB—contaminated sludge. Results of laboratory and on—site testing
demonstrate that PCBs have an affinity for solids adsorption, and effective
solids mixing results in reduction of PCB in the leachate.
Tucker, E.S., et al. “Migration of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil induced
by percolating water.” BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND
TOXICOLOGY. Vol. 13, No. 1 (1975). pp. 86—93.
Objective of the study was to produce data which would help evaluate
the suitability of landfill disposal of PCB—contaminated wastes. Authors
state that the results of the study demonstrate that landfills are only a
minor source fo PCB environmental contamination.
* Webber, Melvin D., et al. “Assessment of heavy metals and PCBs at sludge
application sites.” JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION. Vol. 55,
No. 2 (1983). pp. 187—195.
Land application of sludge was evaluated at ten sites in Ontario. Field
tests were conducted to determine if toxic constituents in the sludge
reduce soil productivity or gain access to the food chain. The study was
sponsored by the Canada—Ontario Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality.
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