STATE OF CONNECTICUT
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS SUMMARY
JOINT PUBLICATION BY
UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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PREFACE
The information contained herein has been condensed from the
Water Quality Standards, State of Connecticut, prepared by the
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 1 and approved
by the Federal Government. This summary is intended for all who have
an interest in the quality of water in the State.
A summary of this type, by design, omits many pertinent details.
For more detailed information, consult the Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection or the complete text of Water Quality Standards,
State of Connecticut.
MARCH 1971
‘Prior to October 1, 1971 the Connecticut Water Resources Commission
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WATERUSES 4
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA 10
SHELLFISH CLOSURE AREAS 28
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 29
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 CONNECTICUT INTERSTATE WATER USES 7
2 STATE OF CONNECTICUT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 13
3 SUMMARY TABLE OF CONNECTICUT WATER QUALITY
STANDARDS FOR INLAND WATERS 23
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Follows Page
I MAJOR INTERSTATE WATERS OF CONNECTICUT 33
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ADOPTED BY
CONNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
II CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN 33
III FARMINGTON RIVER BASIN 33
IV HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN 33
V PAWCATLJCK RIVER BASIN 33
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LIST OF FIGURES (Cont’d.)
Figure Follows Page
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ADOPTED BY
CONNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
VI QUINEBAUG RIVER BASIN 33
VII QUINNIPIAC RIVER BASIN . . 33
VIII THAMES RIVER BASIN 33
IX EASTERN CONNECTICUT COASTAL STREAMS 33
X WESTERN CONNECTICUT COASTAL STREAMS 33
APPENDIX
I DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH SHELLFISH CLOSURE LINES AS SUBMITTED WITh
THE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH SHELLFISH CLOSURE LINES AS SUBMITTED WITH
ThE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III CONNECTICUT LAWS FOR THE PROMULGATION AND
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV INTERSTATE WATERS TO WHICH WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
APPLY UNDER THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT
V GLOSSARY OF TERMS
VI ADDRESSES OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
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SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY
STANDARDS FOR ThE
INTERSTATE WATERS OF
CONNECTICUT
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S1J1 1MARY OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
FOR
THE INTERSTATE WATERS OF CONNECTICUT
Introduction
In the Water Quality Act of 1965, Congress authorized the
establishment of water quality standards for interstate (including
coastal) waters. The purpose of these standards is to protect and
enhance the quality and productivity of the Nation’s interstate waters
to serve a variety of beneficial uses, such as public water supply,
recreation and protection of aquatic life, and industrial and
agricultural uses. This publication summarizes the standards for the
general information of the American public and Federal, State and local
officials as to the uses and associated requirements for interstate
waterways.
The Act, which amended the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
provided for the States to have the first opportunity to establish
standards for their interstate waters, which were then subject to
review and approval by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency. 2 All of the States, the District of Columbia and the Territories
of Guam, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands participated in this landmark
effort to set standards. In the course of establishing the standards,
public hearings were held by the States and other jurisdictions noted
above to give the public an opportunity to participate in setting water
quality objectives and standards.
2 Prior to December 2, 1970, The Secretary of the Interior
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The State of Connecticut adopted water quality standards on
June 19, 1967, and submitted them to the Department of the Interior
for approval. The Secretary of the Interior approved the standards on
February 15, 1968, with certain exceptions and recommendations. At
the request of the Secretary of the Interior, Connecticut adopted a
policy to protect its high quality interstate waters, revised the
excepted criteria and included additional modifications pertaining to
the recommendations. These revisions were approved by the Secretary
on April 21, 1970. The standards, as finally approved, are those
applicable under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to the interstate
waters of Connecticut.
The approved standards are thus both State and Federal standards,
enforceable under the State water pollution control statutes and the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (Section 10). The
interstate waters for which standards were adopted are shown on the
maps in Figures 1 through 10 accompanying this summary.
The standards consist of three major components: designation of
the uses which interstate waters are to serve, specification of narrative
and numerical criteria to protect and enhance water quality, and
specification of a plan of implementation and enforcement, which includes
treatment and control requirements for municipal, industrial and other
waste discharged to or affecting interstate waters. These components
are discussed in the following sections; all three are essential to a
complete standards program.
—2—
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The standards are now being implemented. However, there will be
continuing research on water quality requirements for various beneficial
uses and improved collection and evaluation of water quality data. As
more information becomes available and experience with implementing
the standards is gained, the standards will be refined and improved to
reflect this new knowledge.
Should more information be required on any aspect of the standards,
it may be obtained from the Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection or the office of the Environmental Protection Agency in
Boston, Massachusetts. Connecticut also has established water quality
standards for its intrastate waters, and information on these standards
may be obtained from the Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection. The State of Connecticut has representatives on the
New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission which assists
the States of the New England Compact area, the New England States and
New York, in the administration of their water pollution control programs.
The New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Compact, which
was approved by Congress and ratified by the legislatures of the seven
States, is the legal instrument for cooperation between the States in
interstate water pollution control matters.
Also, Connecticut is a member of the Interstate Sanitation Commission
which was created in 1936 for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of
the Tn—State Compact (Connecticut, New Jersey and New York) for water
pollution control work in the Interstate Sanitation District.
The addresses of these agencies are given in Appendix VI.
—3—
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Water Uses
The State of Connecticut designates the following uses to be
protected in various interstate waters:
Inland Waters
Water supply
Bathing and other recreational uses
Agricultural uses
Industrial processes such as cooling
Fish and wildlife habitat
Aesthetics
Boating
Navigation
Power
Coastal and Marine Waters
Shellfish harvesting
Bathing and other water contact sports
Industrial cooling
Fish and wildlife habitat
Aesthetics
Boating
Navigation
Power
—4—
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The general aiim in designating uses for particular Connecticut
interstate waters is to recognize present uses and practicable future
uses to provide, where possible, for a variety of uses, and to assure
compatibility of standards with Federal, State and local resource
planning. In order to satisfy the intent of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act to enhance water quality, the standards specifically provide
that no interstate waters may be used solely or primarily for waste
assimilation. All interstate waters must be pleasing to the senses and
the quality is usually protected by narrative criteria preventing
unsightly or obnoxious conditions, such as floating debris, oil slicks,
unpleasant odors, and colors.
Specific use designations for all interstate waters covered by
the standards are provided in the following table (Table 1).
—5—
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I
Table I
WATER USES
Interstate Waters
Connecticut River
portion)
Connecticut
portion)
Scantic River
Farmington River Basin
Farmington River
East Branch, Farmington R.
West Branch, Farmington R.
Sandy Brook
Still River
Housatonic River Basin
Housatonic River
Beardsley Pond Brook
Indian Lake
Indian Lake Creek
Mill Brook
Ten Mile River
Webatuck Creek
Pawcatuck River Basin
Pawcatuck River (inland
portion)
Pawcatuck River (tidal
portion)
Quinebaug River Basin
Quinebaug River
Five Mile River
French River
Moo sup River
Pachaug River (Beach Pond)
Whetstone Brook
Quinnipiac River Basin
Quinnipiac River (tidal
portion)
Thames River Basin
Thames River (tidal portion)
Shetucket River
Under Recreation
Note: X — Indicates other tJ
XX - Indicates Pr:
*See page 13 for
Connecticut River Basin
(inland
River (tidal
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
x
x
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
K
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
x
x
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
—7—
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Table I
WATER USES
Interstate Waters
Eastern Coastal Streams
Baker Cove (inside shellfish
closure line)
Bramford River (tidal waters)
Bride Brook (tidal portion)
Clinton Harbor (inside
shellfish closure line)
Four Mile River (tidal
portion)
Mumford Cove (inside
shellfish closure line)
Mystic River (tidal portion,
inside shellfish closure
line)
Stonington Harbor (inside
shellfish closure line)
Thimble Islands (tidal
waters) , inside Islands
shellfish closure line
Western Coastal Streams
Ash Creek
Black Rock Harbor
Bridgeport Harbor
Tidal waters outside Ash
Creek, Black Brook and
Bridgeport Harbor
Byram River (inland portion)
Byram River (tidal portion)
Five Mile River (inland
portion)
Five Mile River (tidal
portion)
Long Island Sound (outside
shellfish closure line)
Lyman River - East Branch
Mianus River - East Branch
Mill River — N.Y. to
Laurel Res.
Mill River — Ridgefield to
N.Y.
Mill River - Ridgefield
(tidal portion)
Mill River - New Haven
(tidal portion)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
—8—
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I
Table I
WATER USES
Interstate Waters
We stern Coastal Streams
(Continued)
Milford Harbor
New Haven Harbor & East
Haven River (tidal pori
Norwalk River
Norwalk Harbor
Quinnipiac River (tidal
portion)
Rippowam River
Saugatuck River
Sherwood Mill Pond
Silveruüne River, East and
West Branches
Stamford Harbor (inside
hurricane barrier)
Stamford Harbor
Stamford Harbor - West
Branch
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
—9—
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Water Quality Criteria
The protection of water quality requires the establishment of
numerical and narrative limits on pollutants which degrade it. The
water quality criteria in this section reflect the best scientific
judgment available as to the water quality requirements for the assigned
uses. Numerical criteria are used wherever it is reasonable to do so.
However, narrative criteria are also necessary in some cases, particularly
with respect to aesthetic considerations.
Some interstate waters have a higher quality than the minimum
levels assigned for protection of water uses, and the standards seek
to protect this higher quality as much as possible in the face of
increasing social, and economic development. Scientific knowledge about
the exact water quality requirements for uses is limited, and by preventing
degradation of high quality waters, the standards seek to assure optimum,
not marginal, conditions to protect the uses associated with clean waters.
To the extent possible, the Connecticut standards tailor water
quality criteria to present quality or that quality anticipated to
result from installation of stringent treatment requirements. These
criteria are given in Table 2. The standards also contain statements of
general policy applicable to all waters of Connecticut, including a
statement on controlling degradation of high quality waters. These
statements follow.
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STATE OF CONNECTICUT
WA TER RESOURCES COMMISSION
STATE OFFICE BUILDING • HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT 06115
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 25—54e of the 1967
Supplement to the General Statutes of Connecticut, notice was
published in the Connecticut Law Journal on May 26, 1970 that
the Water Resources Commission adopted on November 17, 1969
Water Quality Standards for all interstate and intrastate waters
in the State of Connecticut and that, under the Federal Water
Poflution Control Act, the Secretary of Interior approved said
standards in their entirety on April 21, 1970 insofar as the
said standards apply to interstate waters.
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STATE OF CONNECTICUT
WA TER RESOURCES COMMISSION
STATE OFFICE BUILDING • HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT 06115
WATER cuALITY CRITERIA
GENERAL POLICY
I. Water quality standards adopted on the basis of these criteria re
in accord with all the requirements of Section 25-S t te of the 1957
Supplement to the General Statutes.
2. In the discharge of waste treatment plant effluent and cooling waters
to the receiving waters, cognizance shall be given both in time and
distance to allow for mixing of effluent and stream. Such distances
required for complete mixing shall not affect the water usage Class
adopted but shall be defined and controlled by the Commission
3. Recommendations on other waste parameters will constitute a portion
of the continuing effort of the Commission in further defining
interstate and intrastate water quality standards. The Commission
reserves the right to amend or extend the following criteria as
improved standard methods are developed or revisions consistent
with the enhancement of water quality are justified.
4. Coastal and marine waters are those generally subject to the rise
and fall of the tide.
5. Interstate waters whose existing quality is better than the
established standards as of the date which such standards become
effective will be maintained at their existing high quality. These
and other interstate waters of the State will not be lowered in
quaLity unless and until it has been affirmatively demonstrated
to the Commission and the Department of the Interior that such
change is justifiable as a result of necessary economic or social
development and will not interfere with or become injurious to any
assigned uses made of, or presently possible in, such waters. This
will require that any industrial, public or private project or
development which would constitute a new source of pollution or
an increased source of pollution to high quality waters will be
required, if provided a permit, as part of the initial project
design, to provide the highest and best degree of waste treatment
available under existing technology, and, since for interstate
waters these are also Federal standards, these waste treatment
requirements will be developed cooperatively.
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TABLE 2
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CONNECTICUT
INLAND AND COASTAL WATERS AS
APPROVED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ON APRIL 21, 1970
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INLAND WATERS
CLASS A
Suitable for water supply and all other water uses; character uniformly
excellent. (See note 9)
1. Dissolved oxygen 75% saturation, 16 hours/day; 5 mg/i
at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse -
floating solids, oils, and grease - None allowable
scum
3. Color and turbidity None other than of natural origin
(4• Coliform bacteria per 100 ml Not to exceed a median of 100 nor
more than 500 in more than 10% of
samples collected
5. ,Taste and odor None other tlsn of natural origin
6. pH As naturally occurs
7. A1lo iab1e temperature increase None other than of natural origin
8. Chemical constituents ee Note (4)
CLASS B
Suitable for bathing, other recreational purposes, agricultural uses, certain
industrial processes and cooling; excellent fish and wild life habitat; good
aesthetic value; acceptable for public water supply with appropriate treatment.
1. Dissolved oxygen 75% saturation, 16 hours/day; 5 mg/i
at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse -
floating solids, oils, and grease - None (See Note 6)
scum
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that would
impair any usages specifically assigne(
to this Class
‘4. Coliform bacteria per 100 ml Not to exceed a median of 1000 nor
more than 2400 in more than 20% of
samples collected
5. Taste and odor None in such concentrations that would
impair any usages specifically assigned
to this Class nor cause taste and
odor in edible fish
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CLASS B - continued
6. pH 6.5 - 8.0
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase
will not exceed the recommended
limit on the most sensitive
receiving water use and in no
case exceed 85° F, or in any case
raise the normal temperature of 0
the receiving water more than 4 F
8. Chemical constituents (See Note 4)
CLASS C
Suitable for fish and wildlife habitat, recreational boating, and certain
industrial processes and cooling; under some conditions acceptable for
public water supply with appropriate treatment; good aesthetic value.
1. Dissolved oxygen Not less than 5 mg/I for more than
6 hours during any 24-hour period,
at no time less than 4 mg/I. For
cold water fishery, Cc, not less
than S mg/i at any time.
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse -
floating solids, oils, and grease - None (See Note 6)
scum
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class.
L4 Coliform bacteria per 100 ml Not to exceed an average in any 30-
day period of 5000 nor exceed this
value in more than 20% of the samples
collected during the period.
5. Taste and odor None in such concentrations that would
impair any usages specifically assign-
ed to this Class nor cause taste and
odor in edible fish
6. pH 6.0 - 8.5
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase will
not exceed the recommended limit on
the most sensitive receiving water
use and in no case exceed 850 F or
in any case raise the normal temper-
ature of the receiving water more
than 4° F
8. Chemical constituents (See Note 4)
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CLASS D
Suitable for navigation, power, certain industrial processes and cooLin ,, and
migration of fish; good aesthetic value.
1. Dissolved oxygen A minimum of 2 mg/I at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse - None (See Note 6)
floating solids, oils, and grease -
scum
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class
4. Coliform bacteria per 100 ml None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class
5. Taste and odor None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class
6. p11 6.0 — 9.0
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase will
not exceed the recommended limit
on the most sensitive receiving
water use and in no case exceed
g O F or in any case raise the
normal temperature of the receiving
water more than 4O F
8. Chemical constituents (See Note 14)
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NOTES
1. These criteria do not apply to conditions brought about by natural
causes.
2. Class 0 waters will be assigned only where a higher water use Class
cannot be attained after all appropriate waste treatment methods are
utilized.
3. All sewage treatment plant effluents shall receive disinfection before
discharge to the watercourse. The degree of treatment and disinfection
shall be as required by the State.
L4 Waters shall be free from chemical constituents in concentrations or
combinations which would be harmful to human, animal, or aquatic life
for the appropriate, most sensitive and governing water class use.
In areas where fisheries are the governing considerations and approved
limits have not been established, bioassays shall be performed as
required by the appropriate agencies. For public drinking water supplies
the raw water sources must be of such a quality that United States
Public Health Service limits, or State limits if more stringent, for
finished water can be met after conventional water treatment.
5. Radioactivity limits to be approved by the appropriate State agency
with consideration of possible adverse effects in downstream waters from
discharge of radioactive wastes; limits in a particular watershed to be
resolved when necessary after consultation between appropriate State
and Federal agencies. In no ease shall the Alpha emitters exceed a
concentration of 3 picocuries per liter or the Gross Beta emitters
exceed a concentration of 1000 picocuries per liter.
6. Sludge deposits, floating solids, oils, grease and scum shall not be
allowed except for such small amounts that may result from the dis-
charge of appropriately treated sewage or industrial waste effluents.
7. The minimum average daily flow for seven consecutive days that can be
expected to occur once in ten years shall be the minimum flow to which
the standards apply.
8. Class B and C waters shall be substantially free of pollutants that:
a) unduly affect the composition of bottom fauna; b) uflduly affect
the physical or chemical nature of the bottom; c) interfere with the
propagation of fish.
9. Class A waters reserved for water supply may be subject to restricted
use by State and Local regulation.
10. All interstate Class A waters and all interstate Class B waters, except
Shetucket River from confluence of Willimantic and Natchaug Rivers to
Greenville Dam, Norwich, are considered to be suitable for cold water
fish spawning and growth.
11. The criteria for dissolved oxygen and allowable temperature increase
for interstate Class B and Cc waters are applicable to waters used
only for fish passage. When such class waters are suitable for cold
water fish spawning and growth, these criteria shall be the same as
those specified for Class A waters.
12. In the case of interstate Class B and Cc waters where parts of such
waters are not suitable for spawning and growth, the requrements for
fish passage shall be considered with other sensitive uses in defining
allowable temperature increases.
-17-
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COASTAL AND MARINE WATERS
CLASS SA
Suitable for all sea water uses including shellfish harvesting for direct
human consumption (approved shellfish areas), bathing, and other water contact
sports.
1. Dissolved oxygen Not less than 6.0 .n /l at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse - None allowable
floating solids, oils, and grease
scum
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that will
impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class
4. Coliform bacteria per 100 ml Not to exceed a median MW of 70 and
not more than 10% of the samples
shall ordinarily exceed an MPN of
230 for a S-tube decimal dilution or
330 for a 3-tube decimal dilution
(See Note S.S)
5. Odor None allowable
6. P 6.8 - 8.5
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase will
not exceed the recoimiended limit on
the most sensitive receiving water
use and in no case exceed 850 F or in
any case raise the normal temperature
of the receiving water more than
4° F
8. Chemical constituents None in concentrations or combina-
tions which would be harmful to
human, animal, or aquatic life or
which would make the waters unsafe
or unsuitable for fish or shellfish
or their propagation, impair the
palatability of same, or impair the
waters for any other uses.
9. Radioactivity (See Note S.6)
—18—
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CLASS SB
Suitable for bathing, other recreational purposes, industrial cooling and
shellfish harvesting for human consumption after depuration; excellent fish
and wildlife habitat; good aesthetic value.
1. Dissolved oxygen Not less than 5.0 mg /I at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse - None except that amount that may
floating solids, oils and grease - result from the discharge from a
scum waste treatment facility providing
appropriate treatment
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this C1.ass
4. Coliform bacteria per 100 ml Not to exceed a median value of 700
and not more than 2300 in more than
10% of the samples (See Note S.5)
5. Taste and odor None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class and none that
would cause taste and odor in edible
fish or shellfish
6. pH 6.8 — 8.5
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase will
not exceed the recommended limit on
the most sensitive receiving water
use and in no case exceed 850 F or
in any case raise the normal
temperature of the receiving water
more than 0 F.
8. Chemical constituents None in concentrations or combina-
tions which would be harmful to
human, animal,or aquatic life or
which would make the waters unsafe
or unsuitable for fish or shellfish
or their propagation,or impair the
water for any other usage assigned to
this Class
9. Radioactivity (See Note S.6)
—19—
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CLASS SC
Suitable fish, shellfish and wildlife habitat; suitable for recreational
boating and industrial cooling, good aesthetic value.
1. Dissolved oxygen Not less than 5 mg’l for more than 6
hours during any 211_hour period and
at no time less than 4 mg/I. For cold
water fishery, SCc, not less than S mg’l
at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse - None except that amount that may result
floating solids, oils and from the discharge from a waste treat-
grease - scum ment facility providing appropriate
treatment
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that would
impair any usages specifically assigned
to this Class
(4 Coliform bacteria per 100 ml Not to exceed an average in any 30-
day period of 5000 nor exceed this
value in more than 2O% of the samples
collected during the period.
5. Taste and odor None in such concentrations that would
impair any usages specifically assignod
to this Class and none that would cause
taste and odor in edible fish or
shellfish
6. pH 6.5 - 8.5
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase will not
exceed the recommended limit on the most
sensitive receiving water use and in no
case exceed 850 F or in any case raise
the normal temperature of the receiving
water more than 4° F
8. Chemical constituents None in concentrations or combinations
which wouLd be harmful to human, animal,
or aquatic life or which would make the
waters unsafe or unsuitable for fish or
shellfish or their propagation, or
impair the water for any other usage
assigned to this Class
9. Radioactivity (See Note S.6)
—20—
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CLP SS SD
Suitable for navigation, power, and certain industrial cooling water;
migration of fish; good aesthetic value.
1. DissoLved oxygen Not less than 2 mg/I at any time
2. Sludge deposits - solid refuse - None except that amount that may
floating solids, oils and grease - result from the discharge from a
scum waste treatment facility providing
appropriate treatment
3. Color and turbidity None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class
1. Coliform bacteria None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class
5. Taste and odor None in such concentrations that
would impair any usages specifically
assigned to this Class and none that
would cause taste and odor in edible
fish or shellfish
6. p1-i 6.5 - 8.5
7. Allowable temperature increase None except where the increase will
not exceed the recommended limit
on the most sensitive receiving
water use and in no case exceed
o F or in any case raise the
normal temperature of the receiving
water more than qO F
8. Chemical constituents None in concentrations or combina-
tions which would be harmful to
human, animal,or aquatic life or
which would make the waters unsafe
or unsuitable for fish or shellfish
or their propagation, impair the
palatability of same, or impair
the water for any other usage
9. Radioactivity (See Note S.6)
—21—
-------
NOTES
S.l All sewage treatment plant effluents shall receive disinfection before
discharge to coastal and marine waters. The degree of treatment and
disinfection shall be qs required by the State.
5.2 These criteria do not apply to conditions brought about by natural
causes.
5.3 The waters shall be substantiaLly free of pollutants that will: a) un-
duly affect the composition of bottom fauna. b) unduly affect the
physical or chemical nature of the bottom; c) interfere with the
propagation of fish.
S.14 These criteria shall apply at all times in coastal and marine waters.
S.5 Surveys to determine coliform concentrations shall include those areas
most probably exposed to fecal contamination during the most unfavor-
able hydrographic and pollution conditions.
S.& The discharge of radioactive materials in concentrations or combinations
which would be harmful to human, animal or aquatic life shall not be
allowed. In no case shall the Alpha emitters exceed a concentration
of 3 picocuries per liter or the Gross Beta emitters exceed a con-
centration of 1000 picocuries per Liter.
S.7 All interstate Class SA waters and all interstate Class SB waters,
except Housatonic River from Derby Dam to mouth, Connecticut River
from Hurd State Park in East Hampton to mouth, and Shetucket and
Thames Rivers from Greenville Dam, Norwich, to mouth, areconsidered
to be suitable for cold water fish spawning and growth.
5.8 The criteria for dissolved oxygen and allowable temperature increase
for interstate Class SB and SCc waters are applicable to waters
used only for fish passage. When such waters are suitable for cold
water fish spawning and growth, these criteria shall be the same as
those specified for Class SA waters.
S.9 In the case of interstate Class SB and SCc waters where parts of such
waters are not suitable for spawning and growth, the requirements for
fish passage shall be considered with other sensitive uses in
defining allowable temperature increases.
—22—
-------
TABLE 3
STATE OF CONNECTICUT
WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
INLAND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D
Dissolved
Oxygen
Sludge Deposits-
Solid Refuse-
Floating Solids,
Oils, and Grease-
Scum
Color and
Turbidity
Coliform Bacteria
per 100 ml
75% saturation, 16
hours per day; 5
mg/i at any time.
None other than
of natural origin.
Not to exceed a
median of 100 nor
more than 500 in
more than 10% of
samples collected.
75% saturation, 16
hours per day; 5
mg/i at any time.
None (see note 6)*
page 17
None in such concen-
trations that would
impair any usages
specifically assigned
to this class.
Not to exceed a mediai
of 1000 nor more than
21400 in more than 20%
of samples collected.
Not less than 5
mg/i for more than 6
hrs. during any 214-
hour period, at no
time less than 14
mg/i.
None (see note 6)
page 17
None in such concen-
trations that would
impair any usages
specifically assigned
to this class.
Not to exceed an aver-
age in any 30-day
period of 5000 nor
exceed this value in
more than 20% of the
samples collected
during the period.
A minimum of 2 mg/l at
any time.
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class.
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class.
None Allo abie
None (see note 6)
page 17
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D
Taste and
Odor
pH
Allowable
Temperature
Increase
Chemical
Constituents
None other than of
natural origin.
As naturally occurs.
None other than of
natural origin.
(see note 14)
page 17
None in such concen-
trations that would
impair any usages
specifically assigned
to this class nor
cause taste and odor in
edible fish.
6.5 - 8.0
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F, or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than 14°F.
(see note 14)
page 17
None in such concen-
trations that would
impair any usages
specifically assigned
to this class nor
cause taste and odor
in edible fish.
6.o - 8.
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F, or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than 14°F.
(see note LiP)
page 17
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class.
6.0 - 9.0
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F, or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than l4Op
(see note 14)
page 17
*Notes are those given in Water Quality Criteria
-------
Sludge Deposits-
.Solid Refuse-
Floating Solids,
Oils, and Grease-
Scum
Coliform
Bacteria per
100 ml
Not less than 6.0
mg/i at any time.
None in such concen-
trations that will
impair any usages
specifically assigned
to this class.
Not to exceed a median
MPN of 70 and not more
than 10% of the sam-
ples shall ordinarily
exceed an MPN of 230
for a 5-tube decimal
dilution or 330 for a
3-tube decimal dilu-
tion (see Note S.5)
TABLE 3
Not less than 5.0
mg/l at any time.
None except that
amount that may
result from the dis-
charge from a waste
treatment facility
providing appro-
priate treatment.
None in such concen-
trations that would
impair any usages
specifically assigned
to this class.
Not to exceed a median
value of 700 and not
more than 2300 in more
than 10% of the sam-
ples (see note S.5)
Not less than 5 mg/l
for more than 6 hrs.
during any 2 4-hour
period and at no time
less than L mg/i. For
cold water fishing SC,
not less than 5 mg/i
at any time.
None except that amount
that may result from
the discharge from a
waste treatment facility
providing appropriate
treatment.
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class.
Not to exceed an aver-
age in any 30-day
period of 5000 nor
exceed this value in
more than 20% of the
samples collected
during the period.
Not less than 2 mg/i
at any time.
None except that amount
that may result from
the discharge from a
waste treatment facility
providing appropriate
treatment.
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class.
None in such concentra-
that would impair any
usages specifically
assigned to this class.
Dissolved
Oxygen
STATE OF CONNECTICUT
WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
COASTAL AND MARINE WATERS QUALITY CRITERIA
CLASS SA CLASS SB CLASS SC CLASS SD
None Allowable
Color and
Turbidity
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Taste and
Odor
pH
Allowable
Temperature
Increase
Chemical
Constituents
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than °F.
None in concentra-
tions or combinations
which would be harm-
fbi to human, animal,
or uatic life or
which would make the
waters unsafe or un-
suitable for fish or
shellfish or their
propagation, impair
the palatability of
same, or impair the
water for any other
usage assigned to this
class.
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class
and none that would
cause taste and odor in
edible fish or shell-
fish.
6.8 - 8.5
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than 4°F.
None in concentra-
tions or combinations
which would be harmful
to human, animal or
aquatic life or which
would make the waters
unsafe or unsuitable
for fish or shellfish
or their propagation,
impair the palata-
bility of same, or im-
pair the water for any
other usage assigned to
this class.
None in such concentra-
that would impair any
usages specifically
assigned to this class
and none that would
cause taste and odor in
edible fish or shell-
fish.
6.5 - 8.5
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than 4°F.
None in concentra-
tions or combinations
which would be harmful
to human, animal or
aquatic life or which
would make the waters
unsafe or unsuitable
for fish or shellfish
or their propagation,
impair the palata-
bility of same, or im-
pair the water for any
other usage assigned to
this class
None in such concentra-
tions that would impair
any usages specifically
assigned to this class
and none that would
cause taste and odor in
edible fish and shellfish.
None except where the
increase will not ex-
ceed the recommended
limit on the most
sensitive receiving
water use and in no
case exceed 85°F or
in any case raise the
normal temperature of
the receiving water
more than 1 °p•
None in concentra-
tions or combinations
which would be harmful
to human, animal or
aquatic life or which
would make the waters
unsafe or unsuitable
for fish or shellfish
or their propagation
impair the palata-
bility of same, or im-
pair the water for any
other usage assigned to
this class.
CL ISS SA CLASS SB CLASS Sc CLASS SD
None Allowable
6.8 - 8.5
6.5 - 8.5
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
CLASS SA CLASS SB CLASS SC CLASS SD
Radioactivity (see note S.6)* (see note s.6) (see note s.6) (see note S.6)
page 23 page 23 page 23 page 23
*Notes are those given in Water Quality Criteria
-------
Shellfish Closure Areas
The Connecticut State Department of Health prohibits sheilfishing
in certain coastal waters because of poor water quality existing in
those waters. Sheilfishing is prohibited in shellfish closure areas
which are demarcated on the water quality standards figures by shellfish
closure lines.
The shellfish closure lines also indicate where the coastal water
quality classifications change. The Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection has classified the closure areas as SB waters while the
coastal waters where shellfishing is allowed are classified as SA waters.
Due to changes in the quality of coastal waters, the Department of Health
is required by law and the National Shellfish Sanitation Program to
declare additional closure areas, thus changing the shellfish closure
lines. This, however, does not alter the change of water quality
classification line, coincident with the shellfish closure lines, as
adopted on June 19, 1967, by the Department of Environmental Protection.
This sun ary, in Appendix I, describes the limits of the shellfish
closure areas, which are also the change of classification lines for
the water quality standards as submitted by the Department of Environmental
Protection to the Federal Government for approval, and as finally approved
on April 21, 1970.
Realizing that the locations of some navigational aids used as
closure line boundaries are shifted from time to time, a more permanent
type description of the location of the change of classification lines
is given in Appendix II.
—28—
-------
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
General
The action plan of the standards is the plan of implementation
and enforcement. This plan sets forth the requirements for treatment
and/or control of all conventional municipal and industrial waste
discharges in the State which affect interstate waters, specifies the
time within which this is to be accomplished, and contains programs for
dealing with other water pollution control problems. In general, the
standards call for installation of secondary treatment or the equivalent,
or higher, for all municipal and industrial wastes by December 1972.
Information on the requirements for any particular discharger may be
obtained from the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection,
Water Compliance Unit.
Special Problems
Combined Sewer Overflows and Storinwater
Along the Connecticut coastline the municipalities of Norwalk,
Bridgeport, and New Haven have been identified by the Department of
Environmental Protection as having significant combined sewer problems.
Stormwater overflows through these systems can carry large quantities
of untreated sanitary and industrial wastewater to the receiving waters,
contributing organic material, introducing floating, suspended and
settleable solids which reduce the aesthetic and recreational values
of the water and increase bacterial densities. These communities are
—29—
-------
carrying out a study to determine methods of elimination or treatment
of combined sewer overflows and have eliminated several sewer problems
in their ongoing program under the requirements of the Connecticut
Department of Environmental Protection.
Eutrophication
Studies on nutrients are being carried out under contracts to
private organizations and in cooperation with the Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station. Continuing investigations on algae and aquatic weed
control are being conducted in the State’s operating program which
assists municipalities to combat these effects where the values warrant it.
Oil and Hazardous Material Spills
Connecticut borders on Long Island Sound, a major transportation
route for large oil tankers and barges carrying both crude and refined
petroleum. A large number of oil unloading and storage facilities are
located on the Connecticut coastline. The frequency of oil transfer
operations poses a continuous threat to the coastal waters and estuaries.
The State handles the problem of oil and hazardous materials spills
under a comprehensive State law which includes control over terminals
by licensing. This law became effective on October 1, 1969 with licensing
commencing on January 1, 1970. Also, these operations are coordinated
with the Environmental Protection Agency and the Coast Guard as required
by National and Region ’aI Contingency Plans for Coastal and Tnland Waters.
Connecticut anticipates as many as 100 spills during thi year uciL zing
present control procedures within the new department. The State is also
—30—
-------
requesting changes in laws relative to terminal licensing and planning
procedural changes in operations to minimize such an occurrence or to bt
capable of limiting the extent of a spill in order to most effectively
accomplish its remova 1
Thermal Pollution
By 1974 there may be as many as 13 fossil fueled and nuclear
fueled steam generating plants above 50 megawatts capacity in Connecticut.
The effect heated water discharges can have upon the ecology of their
receiving waters will depend upon many variables including: the
temperature and volume of the heated effluent; the depth and dispersion
pattern of the rejected thermal waste at the outfall; the circulation
pattern and the depth of the receiving water; and the nearness to other
discharges. Researchers are currently investigating the possible benefits
from thermal discharges under controlled conditions, but there is general
agreement that the overall effect of indiscriminately adding heated
effluents to streams and estuaries would be detrimental. The Connecticut
water pollution control statute contains provisions for control of heated
discharges which affect any use of the State waters and defines harmful
heated discharges as pollution, subject to abatement.
—31—
-------
RIVER BASIN NAPS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ADOPTED BY
CONNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
Note: All tidal estuaries not listed by name have an adopted standard
the same as the adjacent Long Island Sound standard.
—33—
-------
MAJOR INTERSTATE WATERS
CONNECTICUT BASIN
Sis following pogs for mdix of wot•rwoys.
STATE OF CONNECTICUT
-------
INDEX OF MAJOR INTERSTATE WATERWAYS
Connecticut River Basin Figure 2
Eastern Connecticut Coastal Basin Figure 9
Housatonic River Basin Figure 4
Pawcatuck River Figure 5
Quinnipiac River Basin Figure 7
Thatnes River Basin Figure 8
Western Connecticut Coastal Basin Figure 10
-------
W A S S A C U S E T T S
LUCNO
® TEN DUALITY STANDARDS Long Is/and Sound
— NAND( OF CLAS$IFICAT S
0 I 0 0 4 S
r
Bk.
L
/ —
[ 451 GRA dB1,
I
INTERSTATE STREAMS
WITH FEDERALLY APPROVED
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
CONNECTICUT RIVEN
SCANTIC RIVER
FARMINSTON rnVER (SEE FIGURE 3)
WATCHAUG BROOK
ER QUALITY STANDARDS
A.oeTt$ DY
CNDNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN
DEEP
P /V ER
FIGURE 2
-------
TAYLON BK.
TER$TATE $T A$ WITH
FtOINALLY AP OVfD
TEP SMALITY ITANOASMS
LLEY BAOOK
RN STON NIVEN
W. SN. FASMINSTON
NtVER
PL YUOU
BAYER NUALITY $YABSASS$
cis* t oc cL A SIIPIc A1loN
POND
VALLEY BK.
/
I
/
NG TO N
TORR
BLOO UF IEL
N
C. SR. FANN$ISTVN RIVEN
$TN .L. RIVER (SANDY BK. TO
V. SR. MNMINSTON N.)
SANDY BROOK
COLESROOK RES.
TAYLOR SNOOK
NSTCN G LITY
T H \ ( __
AOOPTND BY
CT T TSR NEIOtRIcES COUSIRION
—
FA N TON RIVER BASIN
(Part Co ,tcticijt Rivsr
Basin)
FIGURE 3
-------
COLE8ROQ,
0
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ADOPTED SY
CONNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN
1
0 ’
0
—)
0
—
— ‘
£4STQ
L LUND
WATER •U*LITY STANDARDS
— CNAN•E O CLA$SIFICATIOI
• I I I I
Is/ond Sound
INTERSTATE STREAMS WITH
FEDERALLY APPROVED
WATER QUALITY STANOASDI
IIONDATOIIIC DIVER
TEN NILE RIVER
II•I LAWE
INDIAN LAkE EStEE
UARS$LET Psal s...s
wE.AT.cg CREEl
MILL 5 5001
EONIAPOT RIVER
(HUDSON RIVER SASIM)
HAVL AND NSLLND 55001
N0P 50001
FIGUIE 4
I dIsa
LONJ
.
S
S
.
I-
k
NAY IL A ND
MOPU.
-------
LLL) Y/ - 2
P0 TO N
(
LOCATION PLAN
INTERSTATE STREANS
WITH FEDERALLY APPROVED
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ASNA Y RIVER
BAILEY POND
HAZARD POND
PAWCATUCK RIVER
TIDAL TERS
Long’
+
ATER QUALITY STANDARDS
A,OPrED BY
CONNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMNISIION
PA ATUCK RIVER BASIN
0 2 3 4 5
PLA N H EL
)
/
P d
GR
SWOL9
/
I
I ’-.— — -,
‘I
C
1
1
\
\
f -’, /
rRES ON
+
q
A’
————
-J
J
- -
G
UN
‘3
0
0
Is/and Sound
LESEND
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
1 CKANSE OF CLASSIFICATION
SCALE •N ILES
FIGURE 5
-------
LIJI1!
LOCATION PLAN
TERSTATE STREAMS
WITH FEDERALLY APPROVED
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
QUINESAUS RIVER
FRENCH RIVER
WHETSTONE SNOOK
FIVE MILE RIVER
MOOSUP RIVEN
PACHAUI RIVER
INTERSTATE TRISUTARIES
TO FIVE NILE RIVER
QUADUCK BROOK
FRANKLIN
I/NORWICH
( SINS PRESTON
®® ®€) WATER UAUTY STANDARDS
‘—I CHANSI OP CLASSWICATION
I
I WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
¶?: j ADOPTFD
CO IECTICUT TER RESOURCES COMW$ ’1I
QUINEBAUG RIVER BASIw
j VOLUNTOWNf
(Part oC Thames River Basin)
FIGURE 6
N
A
S
S
—.
UNIO
C H U S I T S
N
WO
005
L_
E4STFOR D
POMFRET
p4
I - -i
-J
-J
HA M
PT0 I
U,
B R0 0
SCOTLA
CAN
ND
ISTERL S V C
0
-± -
-1
\
I 2 3 4 5
ALE IN NIL(S
\
\
-4
-------
N
INTERSTATE WATERS
WITH FEDERALLY APPROVED
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS]
TIDAL WATERS
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ADOPTED RY
CONNECTiCUT 1tR RESOURCES COMMISSiON
QUINNIPIAC RIVER BASIN
FIGURE 7
-
j
BR/S TOL
/
PL h
/
,-
WOLCOTT
_J
—
\
F ER LI N
r
—
—
-
ELD
BE T -i ’Y
1
——— /
/
— /
/
(, c 1
C’
0
0
0
‘N
)
H
JI
- / 9
‘N
0 F? r G E
\__ —‘
4 w Hvan
Harbor
Lonq Zs/cnd Sound
LEG E O
WATER QUALIY RT*f DARDS
CMANF or CLASSIFICATION
0 ‘ 2 3 4 5 ILES
-------
b1 L
SUINESAUS RIVER
SNEYNCEET RIVER (PROM QUINESAUS TO THAMES)
THAMES RIVER
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ADOPTED ST
CONNECTICUT WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
THAMES RIVER BASIN
FIGURE 8
I
0
INTERSTATE STREAMS
WITH FEDERALLY APPROVED
— CHANSE OP
CLASSIFICATION WATER QUALITY STA NDARDS
WATER QUALITY
STANDARD S
-------
ISIND
®®( 3 J WATCN QUALITY STANDARDS
CHANSE OP CLAS$I?ICATION
.4- — — — — I - -
VQLU N TOWNI
‘t NQ STON!NG/
OC*T ON A
0
-.4
(I)
ADOPTED SY
CONNECTICUT WATER REsouRcEs coMMissIoN
———v
___./ —./
COLC NESTER
I I
I ,.
‘—
\
-I
AM
‘8 01 R A N
-- -p
—--—1
—t
0
0
U n
C
in
INTERSTATE STREAMS
— -- —
WITH IOERALLY APPROVED
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
TIDAL WATERS
PAWCATUCK RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
THAMES RIVEN
LONG ISLAND SOUND
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
EASTERN COASTAL STREAMS
• . . _ ; ___ .j. __ .i. __ .i. __ 4
-------
INTU$TATC $T AM$ WITH F1DC AL LV
APP OVtD WATCH QUALITY $TANDA D$
TIDAL $T CAMS
BY AM IVEfl
C. S . BY AM IVC
MIANUS RIVCfl
C. S . MIANUS IVCR
HOUSATONIC NIVEN
SILVENNINC NIVIN
JOHN 0. MILNE LAKC
GNUPC$ NESENVOIN
NONWALK NIVEN
PIVE MILl NIVCN
LONG ISLAND SOUND
LJJ
OC*T P PL*N
,‘-. -
0 A NSU Y
NAUGA
‘OX F
N
¼.
¼
EWTOWP4
e THEL
.----.1 ___--
I0
U PfAM
$ILVC MIN
C. S .
C. Br. BY AM IVC
I ,’
C
m
£crIc_uT__ -
q• - - K
- — - (W
LISCND LO
- — -- c ci cc c WATIN QUALITY $TANDANDI
- s— CHANS! OP CLASSIPICATION
Sound
WATCN QUALITY STANDANDS
ADOPTID BY
CONNICTICUT WATEN NESOUNCCS COMMISSION
WESTERN COASTAL STREAMS
0
NI,IS
-------
APPENDIX I
DESCRIPTIONS OF
CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTh
SHELLFISH CLOSURE LINES
AS SUBMITTED WITH
ThE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
AND AS
ESTABLISHED BY ThE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
IN SEPTEMBER 1966
AND ADOPTED BY ThE DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ON
JULY 19, 1967
-------
APPENDIX I
DESCRIPTIONS OF CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
SHELLFISH CLOSURE LINES AS SUBMITTED WITH THE
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
1. GREENWICH - That area enclosed by a straight line from Flat Neck Point
in a southwesterly direction through the west extremity of Great Captain
Island to the Connecticut-New York state boundary line, thence by a line
in a general northwesterly direction along the state boundary line to
the mainland at Byram Point.
2. DARIEN-STAMFORD - That area enclosed by a straight line from Greenwich
Point extending in a northeasterly direction to Stamford Light, thence
by a straight line extending in a southeasterly direction to the bell
buoy immediately south of “The Cows,” thence by a straight line extending
in a northeasterly direction to the number 1 flashing buoy located south-
east of the east breakwater light on Shippan Point, thence by a straight
line extending in a northeasterly direction to the southern extremity of
Long Neck Point.
3. DARIEN-NORWALK Five Mile River - The tidal waters and flats of the Five
Mile River north of a line from the southerly extremity of Butler Island
extending easterly to the southern extremity of Roton Point.
L 1 NORWALK - (1) That area inside the Norwalk Islands enclosed by a straight
line extending from a point on the mainland known as The Knob (located
about 1600 feet northeast of the outer tip of Wilson Point and designated
on the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart) to the northeasterly
extremity of Little Tavern Island thence by a straight line to the
northerly extremity of Ram Island, thence by a straight line to the
northwesterly extremity of Chimons Island, thence by a straight line
to the westerly extremity of Grassy or Hay Island, thence by a straight
line to the westerly extremity of Sprite Island, and thence by a line
due north to the mainland, provided that permits may be granted for the
taking of market shellfish from the Norwalk town beds in this area
during such periods as the water temperatures are below )41°F, and, the
Norwalk sewage treatment plant is in satisfactory operation; and
(2) That area enclosed by a straight line beginning at Noroton Point,
extending to the pier at Wilson Point, provided that permits may be
granted for the taking of market shellfish from that portion of this
area outside of a straight line from the northeast extremity of Bell
Island to the pier at Wilson Point after October 1 and before May 1.
5. WESTPORT - The tidal waters of the Saugatuck River north and west of
a straight line extending in a northeasterly direction from Bluff
Point to the western extremity of Hall Island.
I-1
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A. SHERWOOD MILL POND (WESTPORT ) - The tidal waters and flats of Sherwood
Mill Pond north of foot bridges at outlet to Long Island Sound and at
Mill Creek above outlet to Long Island Sound.
B. MILL RIVES (FAIRFIELD ) - The tidal waters and flats of the M III River
north of a straight line extending easterly from the town dock to the
northern end of the east breakwater, seasonally between May 1 and
September 30.
6. BRIDGEPORT That area enclosed by a straight line extending from Pine
Creek Point to the buoy located approximately 1,000 yards south of Pine
Creek Point and thence by a straight line extending in a northeasterly
direction to Penfield Reef Light, thence by a straight line extending
in a northeasterly direction to Stratford Point Light.
7. STRATFORD-MILFORD Housatonic River - The tidal waters and flats of the
Housatonic River north and west of a line from Stratford Point Light
extending northeasterly to the bell buoy at the mouth of the river,
thence in a straight line to the Outer Breakwater Light, thence along
the breakwater to its northern termination at Milford Point.
8. MILFORD - That area enclosed by a straight line extending from Welch t s
Point approximately 19 degrees north of west through No. t4. buoy at the
south end of the channel in Milford Harbor, to the mainland east of
Great Creek.
9. NEW HAVEN - That area inside of line extending from Oyster River Point
along the west breakwaters to New Haven Light, thence along the
Luddington breakwaters to their easterly extremity, thence in a straight
line to Southwest Ledge Light, thence along the east breakwaters to
their easterly extremity, and thence in a straight line to Morgan Point.
10. EAST HAVEN AND BRANFORD - The tidal waters and flats of the East Haven
River north of an east-west line through the northern extremity of
Kelsey (or Darrow) Island.
11. BRANFORD - The tidal waters and flats of the Branford River east and
north of a straight line extending due south from Branford Point to the
mainland on the south side of Branford River, including the waters and
flats of Sybi1 reek.
C. THIMBLES ISLANDS - STONY CREEK area (BRANFORD ) - That area enclosed by
a line extending from the Brown Point Light in a southeasterly direction
to the southern extremity of Outer Island, thence in a northeasterly
direction to the western extremity of Narrows Island, thence due north
to the. mainland at Leete’ & Island, seasonally between May 1 and
September 30.
1—2
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D. HANMONASSETT RIVER (MADISON and CLINTON ) - Tidal waters and flats of
the Hammonassett River north and west of a line extending from the
northern extremity of Cedar Island to the mouth of the Hammock River,
including the Hammock River and the Indian River, seasonally between
May 1 and September 30.
12. OLD SAYBROOK-OLD LYME - The tidal waters of the Connecticut River
enclosed by a straight line extending from the light at the southern
end of the breakwater at Lynde Point Old Saybrook in a northeasterly
direction to the shore end of the peninsula ending in Griswold Point,
Old Lyme.
E. ROCKY CK (EAST L ) - The tidal waters and flats within 500 feet
of the shoreline between the mouth of the Four Mile River and the
southern extremity of Rocky Neck, seasonally between May 1 and
September 30.
F. BRIDE BROOK (EAST LIME ) - The tidal waters and flats of Bride Brook
above the mouth to Long Island Sound.
13. GROTON-NEW LONDON - New London Harbor and the tidal waters of the
Thames River and Baker Cove, Groton, enclosed by a line extending due
south from the extremity of land south of Trumbull Airport to Bushy
Point Beach, thence along the north shore of Bushy Point Beach to the
western extremity of Bushy Point, thence in a straight line to the
eastern extremity of Pine Island, thence along the north shore of Pine
Island to its western extremity, thence in a straight line to the bell
buoy at Sarah t s Ledge, thence in a straight line to the buoy at Rapid
Rock, thence in a straight line to the mainland at Seaside Point.
114.. GROTON (Mumford Cove) - The tidal waters and flats of Mumford Cove
north of a straight line extending easterly from Mumford Point to
Groton Long Point just south of the mouth of Venetian Harbor.
15. GROTON - That area enclosed by a straight line extending in a
southwesterly direction from Ram Point on Mason Island to the light
east of Morgan Point, thence by a straight line extending to the
southern extremity of Morgan Point, thence along a straight line running
in a northwesterly direction to the point at Westview including West
Cove, the shore in the vicinity of Noank Six-Penny Island and nearby
shore line, and the tidal waters of the Mystic River.
16. STONINGTON A . - That area enclosed by a line from Wamphassuck Point
extending in a southeasterly direction along the breakwater to its
easterly extremity, thence in a straight line to the Conn. -Rhode Island
state boundary, and thence along the state boundary through Little
Narragansett Bay and the Pawcatuck River, including Stonington Harbor,
the shore between Stonington Harbor and Wequetequock Cove, Wequetequock
Cove, the tidal waters of Pawcatuck River, & Little Narragansett Bay.
B. - The waters of the Mystic River north of Ram Point and including the
westerly and northerly shores of Mason Island west of Mason Island Bridge
and the shore of the mainland north of Mason Island Bridge.
September 1966
I —3
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APPENDIX II
DESCRIPTION OF
CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
SHELLFISH CLOSURE LINES
AS SUBMITTED WITH
THE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
(These are the same lines as in Appendix I,
but are referenced to geographical features
rather than to navigational aids.)
Note: These descriptions referenced to U. S. Geological Survey Maps
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APPENDIX II
CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
SHELLFISH CLOSURE LINES
1. STONINGTON - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a line from the
most western extremity of Napatree Point, B. I., due north to Sandy
Point, thence along the Conn. -R. I. state boundary until intersection
with a straight line from the easterly extremity of the western
Stonington Harbor breakwater, thence along the breakwater to Wamphassuc
Point. (MYSTIC QUANDRANGLE)
2. MYSTIC - The tidal waters and flats of the Mystic River north of Barn
Point, including the westerly and northerly shores of Mason Island
west of Mason Island Bridge, and the shore of the mainland north of
Mason Island Bridge. (MYSTIC QUADRANGLE)
3. GROWN - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a line extending in
a southwesterly direction from Ran Point on Mason Island to the Morgan
Point Light, thence of a straight line extending to the southern
extremity of Morgan Point, thence along a straight line running in a
northwesterly direction to the point at Westview. (MYSTIC QUADRANGLE)
Ii.. GROTON (Mumford Cove) - The tidal waters and flats of Muinford Cove north
of a straight line extending westerly from Groton Long Point, just
south of the mouth of Lower Lagoon to the southern extremity of Mumford
Point. (NEW LONDON QUADRANGLE)
5. NEW LONDON-GROTON - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a line
extending due south from Trumbull Airport, Groton, at the mouth of the
Poquonock River, to Bushy Point Beach, thence along the north shore of
Bushy Point Beach to the western extremity of Bushy Point, thence in a
straight line to the eastern extremity of Pine Island, thence along
the north shore of Pine Island to its western extremity, thence in a
straight line to Sarah Ledge, marked by a bell buoy, thence in a
straight line to Rapid Rock, marked by a signal buoy, thence in a
straight line to Seaside Point, New London. (NEW LONDON AND NIANTIC
“UANDRANGLES)
6. EAST LIME (Bride Brook) - The tidal waters and flats of Bride Brook
shoreward of the mouth to Long T land Sound. (NIANTIC QUADRANGLE)
7. EAST LY}.IE (Rocky Neck) - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a
line 500 feet offshore between the southern extremity of Rocky Neck
and the mouth of the Four Mile River seasonally between May 1 and
September 30. (NIANTIC QUADRANGLE)
II-.l
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8. OLD SAYBROOK-OLD LIME - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a line
extending from the shore end of the peninsula ending in Griswold Point,
Old Lyine in a southwesterly direction to the light at the outer end of
the Lynde Point breakwater, Old Saybrook. (OLD LIME QUADRANGLE)
9. CLINTON (Hammonassett River) - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of
a line extending from the mouth of the Hammock River in a southwesterly
direction to the northern extremity of Cedar Island, including the
Har nock River, seasonally between May 1 and September 30.
(CLINTON QUADRANGLE)
10. BRANFORD (Thimble Islands-Stony Creek) - The tidal waters and flats
shoreward of a line from the mainland at Leete’s Island, due south to
the western extremity of Narrows Island, thence in a southwesterly
direction to the southern extremity of Outer Island, thence in a
northwesterly direction to Brown Point Light, seasonally between May 1
and September 30. (GUILFORD & BRADFORD QUANDRANGLES)
11. BRANFORD - The tidal waters and flats of the Branford River shoreward
of a line extending from Indian Neck, due south of Branford Point, to
Branford Point. (BRANFORD QUADRANGLE)
12. EAST HAVEN-BRANFORD - The tidal waters and flats of the East Haven
River shoreward of a line extending due west from Paynes Point to the
western bank of the East Haven River. (BRADFORD QUADRANGLE)
13. NEW HAVEN - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a line extending
from Morgan Point, East Haven to the eastern extremity of the New
Haven east breakwater, thence along the breakwater to Southwest Ledge
Light, thence in a straight line to the eastern extremity of the
Luddington breakwater, thence along the breakwater to its western
extremity, thence in a straight line to the New Haven Light, thence
along the West New Haven breakwater to its western extremity, thence
in a straight line to Oyster River Point, New Haven. (WOODMONT
QUADRANGLE)
11k. MILFORD - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a straight line from
Welch’s Point at a bearing of 286.5° true north through the present
No. 14 buoy at the south end of the channel in Milford Harbor, to the
mainland east of Great Creek. (MILFORD QUANDRANGLE)
15. MILFORD-STRATFOP.D (Housatonic ±tiver) - The tidal waters and flats
shoreward of a line from Milford Point along the Milford breakwater,
thence in a straight line from the outer breakwater light at a
bearing of 139.5° true north and 1100 yards distance, thence in a
straight line extending westerly to the Stratford Point Light.
(MILFORD QUADRANGLE)
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16. BRIDGEPORT - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a straight line
from Stratford Point Light, Stratford in a southwesterly direction to
Penfield Reef Light, thence to a point marked by the red bell buoy
located approximately 1,000 yards south of Pine Creek Point, at a
bearing of 100.5° true north and L ,O 3 O yards distance from Frost Point,
Southport, thence in a straight line to Pine Creek Point.
(BRIDGEPORT QUADRANGLE)
17. FAIRFIELD (Mill River) - The tidal waters and flats of Mill River
shoreward of a line from the northern end of the east breakwater
extending westerly in a straight line to the Southport town dock,
seasonally between May 1 and September 30. (WESTPORT QUADRANGLE)
18. WESTPORT (Sherwood Mill pond) - The tidal waters and flats of Sherwood
Mill Pond shoreward of footbridges extending from the most western
extremity of Sherwood Island in a westerly direction to Compo in
Westport. (WESTPORT QUADRANGLE)
19. WESTPORT (Miii Creek) - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of the
mouth of Mill Creek to Long Island Sound. (WESTPORT QUADRANGLE’
20. WESTPORT (Saugatuck River) - The tidal waters and flats shorewara of
a line extending from the western extremity of Owenoke Peninsula in
a southwesterly direction to Bluff Point, Westport.
(WESTPORT QUADRANGLE)
21. NORWALK - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a straight line
extending due south from the mainland at Canfield Island, Saugatuck
to the western extremity of Sprite Island, thence in a straight line
to the western extremity of Grassy Island, thence in a straight line
to the northwestern extremity of Chimon Island, thence in a straight
line to the northern extremity of Ram Island, thence in a straight
line to the northeastern extremity of Little Tavern Island, thence in
a straight line to a point on the mainland known as The Knob (located
about 1,600 feet northeast of the outer tip of Wilson Point), provided
that permits may be granted for the taking of market shellfish from
the Norwalk town beds in this area during such periods as the water
temperatures are below l°F and the Norwalk sewage treatment plant is
i.n satisfactory operation. (NORWALK SOUTH QUADRANGLE)
22. NORWALK - The tidal waters and flats of Wilson Cove shoreward of a
line extending from the pier on Wilson Point to Noroton Point, provided
that permits may be granted for the taking of market shellfish from
that portion of this area shoreward of a straight line extending from
the pier on Wilson Point to the northeast extremity of Bell Island
after October 1 and before May 1. (NORWALK SOUTH QUADRANGLE)
23. NORWALK-DARIEN (Five Mile River) - The tidal waters and flats shoreward
of a line extending westerly from the southern extremity of Roton Point
to the southern extremity of Butlers Island. (NORWALK SOUTH QUADRANGLE)
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2 1 i. DARIEN-STAi 4FORD-GREENWICH - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of
a straight line extending in a southwesterly direction from Long Neck
Point, Darien to a point marked by the flashing green buoy at the
entrance to Westcott Cove at a location l 20 true north and 1,575 yards
from the eastern Westcott Cove jetty light, thence in a straight line in
a southwesterly direction to the Cows marked by a bell buoy immediately
to the south, thence in a straight line extending in a northwesterly
direction to Stamford Light, thence in a straight line extending in a
southwesterly direction to Greenwich Point, Greenwich.
(STA1 1FORD QUADRANGLE)
25. GREEI WICH - The tidal waters and flats shoreward of a line extending
from Flat Neck Point in Greenwich in a southwesterly direction througli
the western extremity of Great Captain Island to the Connecticut-New
York state boundary line, thence in a straight line in a general
northwesterly direction along the state boundary line to the mainland
at Byrain Point. (GLENVILLE-OYSTER BAY QUADRANGLES)
II -14
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APPENDIX III
CONNECTICUT LAWS FOR THE PROMULGATION
AND ENFORCEMENT OF
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
(AS OF JUNE 25, 1971)
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PUBLIC ACT NO. 872
AN ACT CREATING A DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives in General Assembly convened:
Section 1. The general assembly finds that
the growing population and expanding economy of
the state have had a profound impact on the life—
sustaining natural environment. The air, water,,
land and other natural resources, taken for
granted since the settlement of the state, are now
recognized as finite and precious. It is now
understood that human activity must be guided by
and in harmony with the system of relationships
among the elements of nature. Therefore the
general assembly hereby declares that the policy
of the state of Connecticut is to conserve,
improve and protect its natural resources and
environment and to control air, land and water
pollution in order to enhance the health, safety
and welfare of the people of the state. It shall
further be the policy of the state to improve and
coordinate the environmental plans, functions,
powers and programs of the state, in cooperation
with the federal government, regions, local
jovernments, other public and private
organizations and concerned individuals, and to
manage the basic resources of air, land and water
to the end that the state may fulfill its
esponsibility as trustee of the environment for
the present and future generations.
Sec. 2. There shall be a department of
environmental protection which shall have
lurisdiction over all matters relating to the
preservation and protection of the air, water and
other natural resources of the state. sala
department shall be under the direction of a
commissioner of environmental protection who shall
be appointed in accordance with the provisions of
sections 4—5 to 4—8, inclusive, of the general
statutes, as amended.
Sec. 3. Section 4—5 of the 1969 supplement
to the general statutes is repealed and the
following is substituted in lieu thereof: As used
in sections 4—6 to 4—8, inclusive, the term
“department head” means commissioner of finance
and control, commissioner of motor vehicles,
banking commissioner, welfare commissioner,
hI— i
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insurance coaaissioner, cowaissioner of health,
public works co.iissioner, co l lissjoner of
agriculture [ and natural resources), tax
coacissioner, cowaissioner of transportation,
couissioner of consuaer protection, labor
co.missioner, comaissioner of aental health,
coa.issioner of comannity affairs, comaissioner of
correction, personnel commissioner, Coanissioner
of children and youth servicesL [ and) commissioner
on aging AND COMMISSIONER 0? ENVIR0NI FNTAL
PROTECTION.
Sec. 4. The commissioner shall organize the
department into a division of environmental
quality and a division of conservation and
preservation of the environment, each of vhich
shall be under the direction and control of a
deputy commissioner who shall be responsible to
the commissioner for the operation of his
division. Each such deputy commissioner shall be
appointed by the commissioner and shall be
qualified and experienced in the functions
performed by the division under his charge. The
position of each such deputy commissioner shall be
exempt from the classified service.
Sec. 5. The commissioner may, subject to the
provisions of chapter 67 of the 1969 supplement to
the general statutes, employ such agents,
assistants and employees as he deems necessary to
carry out his duties and responsibilities. He may
retain and employ other consultants and assistants
on a contract or other basis for rendering legal,
financial, technical or other assistance and
a dvice.
Sec. 6. The commissioner shall carry out the
environmental policies of the state and shall have
all powers necessary and convenient to faithfully
discharge this duty. In addition to, and
consistent with the environment policy of the
state, the commissioner shall (a) promote and
coordinate manage.ent of water, land and air
resources to assure their protection, enhancement
and proper allocation and utilization; (b) provide
for the protection and management of plants,
trees, fish, shellfish, wildlife and other animal
life of all types, including the preservation of
enda gered species; (c) provide for the
protection, enhancement and management of the
public forests, parks, open spaces and natural
area preserves; (d) provide for the protection,
enhancement and management of inland, marine and
coastal water resources, including, but not
111—2
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limited to, wetlands, rivers, estuaries and
shorelines; (e) provide for the prevention and
abatement of all water, land and air pollution
including, but not limited to, that related to
particulates, gases, dust, vapors, noise,
radiation, odors, nutrients and cooled or heated
liquids, gases and solids; (f) provide for control
of pests and regulate the use, storage and
disp3sal of pesticides and other chemicals which
may be harmful to man, sea life, animals, plant
life or natural resources; (g) regulate the
disposal of solid waste and liquid waste,
including but not limited to, domestic and
industrial refuse, junk motor vehicles, litter and
debris, which methods shall be consistent with
sound health, scenic environmental quality and
land use practices; (h) regulate the storage,
handling and transportation of solids, liquids and
gases which may cause or contribute to pollution;
and (i) provide for minimum state—wide standards
for the mIning, extraction, excavation or removal
of earth m iterials of all types.
Sec. 7. The commissioner may (a) adopt,
amend or repeal environmental standards, criteria
and regulations to carry out the purposes and
provisions of this act. No adoption, amendment or
repeal of any standard, criteria or regulation
shall take effect except after a public hearing,
thirty days prior notice of the date, time, place
and subject matter of which shall be published in
the Connecticut Law Journal, or earlier than
thirty days after the publication thereof in said
law journal; (b) enter into contracts with any
person, firm, corporation or association to do all
things necessary or convenient to carry out the
functions, powers and duties of the department;
(C) by himself or his designated agent, initiate
and receive complaints as to any actual or
suspected source of pollution or for the purpose
of ascertaining compliance or noncompliance with
any provision of the general statutes or
regulation which may be promulgated pursuant to
this act. The commissioner or his designated
agent shall have the power to hold hearings,
administer oaths, take testimony and subpoena
witnesses and evidence, enter orders and institute
legal proceedings including, but not limited to,
suits for injunctions, for the enforcement of his
orders and regulations in accordance with this
act; (d) by himself or his designated agent, enter
at all reasonable times upon any public or private
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property, except a private residence, for the
purpose of inspection and investigation to
ascertain possible violations of this act or of
regulations made hereunder, in accordance with
constitutional limitations, and the owner,
managing agent or occupant of any such property
shall permit such entry, provided any information
relating to secret processes or methods of
manufacture or production ascertained by the
commissioner or his agents during, or as a result
of any inspection, investigation, hearing or
otherwise shall be kept confidential and shall not
be disclosed; (e) undertake any studies,
inquiries, surveys or analyses he may deem
relevant, through the personnel of the department
or in cooperation with any public or private
agency, to accomplish the purposes of this act.
In all cases wherein the commissioner of
environmental protection is required to hold
hearings, public or otherwise, on any matter
within his jurisdiction, he may hold such hearings
or may designate a member of his staff to act as
a hearing examiner, such hearing examiner to hold
such hearing at a time and place designated by the
commissioner. The commissioner or the hearing
examiner may issue subpoenas, administer oaths and
cause the attendance of witnesses and the
production of evidence and testimony in any
proceeding pending before his. The hearing
examiner shall, after each hearing, file with the
commissioner a report including a finding of fact
and recommendations. After considering the report
of the hearing examiner and the testimony of the
hearing, the commissioner shall issue such order
or permit as is applicable to the particular
proceeding.
III- .1.i
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Sec. 79. Section 25—54b of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: As used in this chapter:
“COMMISSIONER” MEANS THE COMMISSIONER OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION [ “Commission” means the
water resources commission;] “waters” means all
tidal waters, harbors, estuaries, rivers, brooks,
watercourses, waterways, wells, springs, lakes,
ponds, marshes, drainage systems, and all other
surface or underground streams, bodies or
accumulations of water, natural or artificial,
public or private, which are contained within,
flow through or border upon this state or any
portion thereof; “wastes” means sewage or any
substance, liquid, gaseous, solid or radioactive,
which may pollute or tend to pollute any of the
waters of the state; “pollution” means harmful
thermal effect or the contamination or rendering
unclean or impure OR PREJUDICIAL TO PUBLIC HEALTH
of any waters of the state by reason of any wastes
or other material discharged or deposited therein
by any public or private sever or otherwise so as
directly or indirectly to come in contact with any
waters; “rendering unclean or impure” means any
alteration of the physical, chemical or biological
properties of any of the waters of the state,
including, but not limited to, change in odor,
color, turbidity or taste; “harmful thermal
effect” means any significant change in the
temperature of any waters resulting from a
discharge therein, the magnitude of which
temperature change does or is likely to render
such waters harmful, detrimental or injurious to
public hedlth, safety or welfare, or to domestic,
commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational
or other legitimate beneficial uses, or to
livestock, wild animals, birds, fish or other
aquatic life; “person” means any individual,
I l l—S
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partnership, association, firm, corporation or
other entity, except a municipality, and includes
any officer or governing or managing body of any
partnership, association, firu or corporation;
“community pollution problem” means the existence
of pollution which, in the sole discretion of the
(commission] CON ISSIONER, can best be abated by
the action of a municipality; “municipality” means
any metropolitan district, town, consolidated town
and city, consolidated town and borough, city,
borough, village, fire and sewer district, sewer
district and each municipal organization having
authority to levy and collect taxes or make
charges for its authorized function; “discharge”
means the elission of any water, substance or
material into the waters of the state, whether or
not such substance causes pollution; “pollution
abatement facility” means treatment works which
are used in the treatment of waters, including the
necessary intercepting sewers, outfall sewers,
pumping, power and other equipment, and their
appurtenances, and includes any extensions,
improvements, remodeling, additions and
alterations thereof; “disposal system” means a
system for disposing of or eliminating wastes,
either by surface or underground methods, and
includes sewage systems, pollution abatement
facilities, disposal wells and other systems;
“federal water pollution control act” means the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C.
section 1e66 et seg., including amendments thereto
and regulations thereunder; “order to abate
pollution” includes an order to abate existing
pollution or to prevent reasonably anticipated
sources of pollution.
Sec. 80. Section 25-54c of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: The (commission] COMNISSIONER shall
have the following powers and duties: (a) To
exercise general supervision of the administration
and enforcement of this chapter; (b) to develop
comprehensive programs for the prevention, control
and abatement of new or existing pollution of the
waters of the state; (C) to advise, consult and
cooperate with other agencies of the state, the
federal government, other states and interstate
agencies and with affected groups, political
subdivisions and industries in furtherance of the
purposes of this chapter; (d) to submit plans for
the prevention and control of water pollution and
to render reports and accounts to the United
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States secretary ot the interior, the federal
water pollution control administration and to any
other federal officer or agency on such forms
containing such information as the said secretary
and the federal water pollution control
administration, or any other federal officer or
agency, may reasonably require, in order to
qualify the state and its municipalities for
grants from the United States government; (e) to
encourage, participate in or conduct studies,
investigations, research and demonstrations, and
collect and disseminate information, relating to
water pollution and the causes, prevention,
control and abatement thereof; (f) to issue,
modify or revoke orders prohibiting or abating
pollution of the waters of the state, or requiring
the construction, modification, extension or
alteration of pollution abatement facilities or
any parts thereof, or adopting such other remedial
measures as are necessary to prevent, control or
abate pollution; (g) to hold such hearings as may
be required under the provisions of this chapter,
for which [ it) HE shall have the power to issue
notices by certified mail, administer oaths, take
testimony and subpoena witnesses and eiidence; (h)
to require the submission of plans, specifications
and other necessary data for, and inspect the
construction of, pollution abatement facilities
and disposal systems in conn4ction with the
issuance of such permits or approvals as may be
required by this chapter; (i) to issue, continue
in effect, revoke, modify or deny permits, under
such conditions as [ it] HE may prescribe, for the
discharge of any water, substance or material into
the waters of the state, or orders for or approval
of the installation, modification or operation of
pollution abatement facilities; (j) to require
proper maintenance and operation of disposal
systems; (k) to exercise all incidental powers
necessary to carry out the purposes of this
chapter.
Sec. 81. Section 25—SL4d of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: The [ commission] COMMISSIONER may
require any person or municipality to maintain
such records relating to pollution, possible
pollution or the operation of pollution abatement
facilities as [ it] HE deems necessary to carry out
the provisions of this chapter. The [ commission]
COMMISSIONER or [ any] HIS authorized
representative [ thereof] shall have access to such
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records, and may examine and copy any such records
or memoranda pertaining thereto, or shall be
furnished copies of such records on request.
(Such representative shall have the power to enter
upon any public or private property, at reasonable
times, to secure such information and the owner,
managing agent or occupant of any such property
shall permit such entry; provided any information
relating to secret processes or methods of
manufacture or production ascertained or
discovered by the commission or its agents during,
or as a result of, any inspection, investigation,
hearing or otherwise, shall not be disclosed and
shall be kept confidential.]
Sec. 82. Section 25—54e of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: (a) The (co. ission) COMMISSIONER OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION shall adopt, and may
thereafter amend, standards of water quality
applicable to the various waters of the state or
portions thereof AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (a) OF
SECTION 7 0? THIS ACT. Such standards shall be
consistent with the federal water pollution
control act and shal) be for the purpose of
qualifying the state and its municipalities for
available federal grants and for the purpose of
providing clear and objective public policy
statements of a general program to improve the
water resources of the state; provided no standard
of water quality adopted shall plan for, encourage
or permit any wastes to be discharged into any of
the waters of the state without having first
received the treatment available and necessary for
the elimination of pollution. Such standards of
quality shall: (1) Apply to interstate waters or
portions thereof within the state; (2) apply to
such other vater within the state as the
(commission) COMMISSIONER may determine is
necessary; (3) protect the public health and
welfare and promote the economic development of
the state; (14) preserve and enhance the quality of
state waters for present and prospective future
use for public water supplies, propagation of fish
an aquatic life and wildlife, recreational
purposos and agricultural, industrial and other
legitimate uses; (5) be consistent with health
standards as ‘stab].ished by the state department
of health. (b) Prior to adopting, amending or
repealing standards of water quality, the
[ commission) COMMISSIONER shall conduct a public
hearing. Notice of such hearing specifying the
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waters for which standards are sought to be
adopted, amended or repealed and the time, date
and place of such hearing shall be published AS
PROVIDED IN SAID SUBDIVISION (a) OF SECTION 7 AND
ALSO at least twice during the thirty—day period
preceding the date of the hearing in a newspaper
having a general circulation in the area affected
and shall be given by certified mail to the chief
executive officer of each municipality in such
area. Prior to the hearing the [ commission)
COMMISSIONER shall make available to any
interested person any information [ it) HE has as
to the water which is the subject of the hearing
and the standards under consideration, and shall
afford to any interested person the opportunity to
submit to [ the commission] HIM any written
material. At the hearing, any person shall have
the right to make a written or oral presentation.
A full transcript or recording of each bearing
shall be made and kept available in the
[ commission’s] files OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. (c) The [ commission]
COMMISSIONER shall establish the effective date of
the adoption, amendment or repeal of standards of
water quality,_ SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OP
SUBDIVISION (a) OF SECTION 7 OF THIS ACT. Notice
of such adoption, amendment or repeal shall be
published in [ the Connecticut] SAID law journal
upon acceptance thereof by the federal government.
(d) The [ commission) COMMISSIONER shall monitor
the quality of the subject waters to demonstrate
the results of [ its) HIS program to abate
pollution.
Sec. 83. Section 25—5($g of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: If the (commission) COMMISSIONER
finds that any municipality is causing pollution
of the waters of the state, or that a community
pollution problem exists, or that pollution by a
municipality or a community pollution problem can
reasonably be anticipated in the future, [ the
commission] HE shall issue to the municipality an
order to abate pollution. If the (commission]
COMMISSIONER, after giving due regard to regional
factors, determines that such pollution can best
be abated by the action of two or more adjacent
municipalities, [ the commission] HE may issue
(its) HIS order jointly or severally to such
municipalities. If a community pollution problem
exists in, or if pollution is caused by, a
municipality geographically located all or partly
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within the territorial limits of another
municipality, the (commission) COMMISSIONER shall,
after giving due regard to regional factors,
determine which municipality shall be ordered to
abate the pollution or shall, after giving due
regard to regional factors, issue an order to both
of such municipalities jointly to provide the
facilities ne’essary to abate the pollution. &ny
order issued pursuant to this section shall
include a time schedule for action by the
municipality or municipalities, as the case may
be, which may require, but is not limited to, the
following steps to be taken by such municipality
or municipalities: (a) Submission of an
engineering report outlining the problem and
recommended solution therefor for approval by the
(commission) COMMISSIONER; (b) submission of
contract plans and specifications for approval by
the (commission] COMMISSIONER; (C) arrangement of
financing; (d) acceptance of state and federal
construction grants; (e) advertisement for
construction bids; (1) start of construction; (g)
placing in operation.
Sec. 84. Section 25—54h of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: If the (commission] COMMISSIONER
finds that any person prior to Nay 1, 1967, has
caused pollution of any of the waters of the
state, which pollution recurs or continues after
said date, (the commission) HE shall issue an
order to abate pollution to such person. The
order shall include a time schedule for the
accomplishment of the necessary steps leading to
the abatement of the pollution. This 3ection
shall not apply to any person who is subject to
the provisions of section 85 of this act.
Sec. 85. Section 25—54i of said supplement,
as amended by section 1 of number 346 of the
public acts of the current session, is repealed
and the following is substituted in lieu thereof:
(a) No person shall, after May 1, 1967, initiate,
create or originate any new discharge of water,
substance or material into the waters of the state
without first obtaining a permit for such
discharge from the (comaission) COMMISSIONER.
Application for such permit shall be on a form
prescribed by the (commission) COMMISSIONER and
shall include such information as the (commission)
COMMISSIONER may therein require.
(b) No sooner than thirty days and not later
than sixty days after the receipt of an
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application for a permit as required in subsection
(a), the [ commission) COMMISSIONER shall hold a
public hearing on such application. Notice of the
hearing shall be given by publication, at least
twice during the twenty days immediately preceding
the hearing in a newspaper having a substantial
circulation in the area affected. If, after such
hearing, the [ conmission) COMMISSIONER finds that
such discharge would not cause pollution of any of
the waters of the state, [ it] HE shall issue a
permit for such discharge. If the [ commission)
COMMISSIONER finds that such discharge would cause
pollution of any of the waters of the state, [ it]
HE shall require the applicant to submit plans and
specifications of a proposed system to treat such
discharge. If the [ commission] COMMISSIONER finds
that the proposed system to treat such discharge
will protect the waters of the state from
pollution, [ it) HE shall notify the applicant of
[ its) HIS approval and, when such applicant has
installed such system, in full compliance with the
approval thereof, the [ commission) COMMISSIONER
shall issue a permit for such discharge. If the
[ commission] COMMISSIONER finds that the proposed
system to treat such discharge does not protect
the waters of the state from pollution, [ it) HE
shall promptly notify the applicant that its
application is denied and the reasons therefor.
If any applicant, after having submitted plans and
specifications pursuant to the provisions of this
section for a proposed system to treat such
discharge, is denied a permit by the [ commission)
COMMISSIONER, such applicant shall have the right
to a hearing and an appeal therefrom in the sane
manner as provided for in sections 91 and 92 of
this act.
(C) The permits issued pursuant to this
section shall be for a period of five years,
except that any such permit shall be subject to
the provisions of section 86 of this act. Such
permit: (1) Shall specify the manner, nature and
volume of discharge; (2) shall require proper
operation and maintenance of any pollution
abatement facility required by such permit; (3)
may be renewable for like periods in accordance
with procedures and requirements established by
the [ commission] COMMISSIONER; and (4) shall be
subject to such other requirements and
restrictions as the [ commission] COMMISSIONER
deems necessary t comply fully with the purposes
of this chapter.
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(d) If the (commission] COMNISSION!R finds
that any person has, after May 1, 1967, initiated,
created or originated any discharge into the
waters of the state without a permit as required
in subsection (a) hereof, or in violation of such
a permit, (it) BE shall, notwithstanding any
request for a hearing pursuant to section 91 of
this act or the pendency of an appeal therefrom,
request the attorney general to bring an action in
the superior court for Hartford county to enjoin
such discharge by such person until he has
received a permit from the (commission)
COMMISSIONER or has complied with a permit which
the [ commission] COMMISSIONER has issued pursuant
to this section. Any such action brought by the
attorney general shall have precedence in the
order of trial as provided in section 52—191.
Sec. 86. Section 25—54j of said supplement
is repealed and the following is substituted in
lieu thereof: The (commission] COMMISSIONER shall
periodically investigate and review those sources
of discharge which are operating pursuant to any
order, permit, directive or decision (of the
commission) issued BY THE WATER RESOURCES
COMMISSION OR THE COMMISSIONER before or after May
1, 1967, and, if [ it) BE determines that there has
been any substantial change in the manner, nature
or volume of such discharge which will cause or
threaten pollution to any of the waters of the
state, or if (it] HE finds that the system
treating such discharge, or the operation thereof,
no longer insures or adequately protects against
pollution of the waters of the state, the
(co.mission] COMMISSIONER shall issue an order to
abate such pollution to such person or
municipality. Such order shall include a time
schedule for the accomplishment of the necessary
steps leading to the abatement of the pollution.
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APPENDIX Iv
INTERSTATE WATERS TO WHICH WATER QUALITY STANDARDS APPLY
UUDER
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT
as amended by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1961—(Public Law 87—88), the Water Quality Act of 1965—(Public Law
89—234), the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966— (Public Law 89—753),
and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970— (Public Law 91—224).
Appendices:
Water quality standards, under Section 10 (c) (1) of the Act are to be
established for, and made applicable to, interstate waters or portions
thereof within the State.
1. The term “interstate watery;,” as def1i ed in Section 23 (e) o the
Act, r eans all rivers, lakes, and other waters that flow across or form
a part of State boundaries, including coastal waters.
2. Within this definition, waters that flow across or form a part of
State boundaries are subject to the provisions of Section 10 (c) (1) of
the Act.
3. Waters that flow across or form a part of the ir.ternati nal bound-
ary between a State and foreign country are interstate waters within the
meaning of the definition provided in Section 23 (e) of the Act and similarly
subject to the provisions of Section 10 (c) (1) of the Act.
4. Coastal waters subject to the provisions of Section 10 (c) (1) of
the Act are the ocean waters along straight coasts, the waters along indented
coasts which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tides, and the waters
of the Great I kes.
5. As noted above, the definition of “interstate waters” is in terms
of water bodies——”rivers,” ‘lakes” and “other waters”——and is not limited
to only those portions of these water bodies at the point at which they
flow across or form a part of State boundaries. In effect, therefore,
water quality standards are to be established for and made applicable to
the entire stretch of the interstate waters within a State.
6. Tributaries of interstate waters, which are not in themselves inter-
state waters, are not subject to the requirements of subsection 10 (c) (1)
of the Act. However, it is important to note that the discharge of any
matter into such tributaries which reaches interstate waters and reduces
the quality of such interstate waters below the established water quality
standards is subject to abatement under Section 10 (c) (5) of the Act.
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APPENDIX V
Glossary of Terms
Coliform Bacteria — For many years the best indicator of the
sanitary quality of water has been an estimate of the density of coliform
bacteria. More recently, tests have been developed for the determination
of fecal coliform and fecal streptococci, which give a better indication
of the concentration of bacteria in waters which may be harmful to human
health. Bacterial concentrations originate primarily from municipal waste
treatment plants, sanitary sewers, storm drains, vessels and agricultural
wastes.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) — The quantity of oxygen utilized
in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter in a specified time and at
a specified temperature. Waste discharges containing high levels of BOD
will deplete oxygen supplies in receiving waters.
Disinfection — The killing of the larger portion (but not necessarily
all) of the harmful and objectionable microorganisms in, or on, a medium by
means of chemicals heat, ultraviolet light, etc. Chlorination is the
method commonly employed in sewage treatment processes.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) — The oxygen dissolved as a gas in sewage,
water or other liquid usually expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/l),
parts per million (ppm) or percent saturation. Adequate dissolved oxygen
levels are necessary in waters to protect fish and other aquatic life and
to prevent offensive odors. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations are
generally due to excessive organic solids discharged as a result of
inadequately treated waste (having high BOD); excessive algal growths may
cause vastly fluctuating dissolved oxygen levels, and other factors such
as temperature and water movement have an impact on dissolved oxygen levels.
Interstate Waters — Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
interstate waters are defined as:
1. Rivers, lakes and other waters which flow across or form
a part of State or international boundaries.
2. Waters of the Great Lakes.
3. Coastal waters whose scope has been defined to include ocean
waters seaward to the territorial limits and waters along
the coastline (including inland streams) that are influenced
by the rise and fall of the tide.
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— The index of hydrogen ion activity, used as an indication of
acidity or alkalinity in water. The pH of most waters ranges from 6.5 to
8.5, and most uses of water, such as aquatic life propagation, prosper at
these levels. In most cases, a pH outside this range is due to discharge
of industrial wastes or decaying organic vegetation.
Pollution — The addition of sewage, industrial wastes or other
harmful or objectionable material to water at a concentration or in
sufficient quantity to result in measurable degradation of water quality.
Primary and Secondary Contact Recreation — Also called Whole—body
Contact Recreation. Primary Contact Recreation includes uses of water
such as swimming, water skiing and skin diving. Secondary Contact
Recreation, also called Partial—body Contact Recreation, includes such
recreational uses as boating and fishing.
Primary Treatment — May be defined as that process or group of
processes capable of removing a high percentage of floating and settleable
solids. This is the first major treatment in a sewage treatment works
and generally removes from 30 to 65 percent of the suspended solids and
30 to 40 percent of the 5—day biochemical oxygen demand.
Secondary Treatment — May be defined as that process or group of
processes capable of removing virtually all floating and settleable
solids, generally from 85 to 95 percent of the 5—day biochemical oxygen
demand, and a similar level of removal of suspended solids in untreated
waste. The equivalent treatment may generally be defined as that process
or group of processes achieving maximum practicable removal of solids,
oils, grease, acids, alkalis, toxic materials, bacteria, taste and odor
causing materials, color and any other objectionable constituents
contained in untreated waste to produce an effluent equivalent to that
obtained from secondary treatment of sewage or the effluent from the most
efficient treatment facilities in current use for any specific category
of industrial waste.
Sewage — (1) The water supply of a coninunity after it has been
used and discharged into a sewer; (2) Wastewater from the sanitary
conveniences of dwellings, business buildings, factories and other
institutions.
Sewage, Combined — A sever vhich carries both sanitary sewage and
surface or storm water with or without industrial wastes.
Sever, Combined — A sever which carries both sanitary sewage and
storm drainage. At times of heavy rainfall, the capacity of combined
sewers may be exceeded and severs will overflow. The overflow will
bypass the sewage treatment plant and the combined vastevaters w±ll be
discharged directly into stream without treatment of any kind. This
is a problem in many older cities in the United States, and there are
various programs to deal with it.
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Solids, Settleable — Suspended solids which will subside in
quiescent water, sewage or other liquid in a reasonable period.
Solids, Suspended — Solids that either float on the surface of,
or are in suspension in, water, sewage or other liquids and which are
largely removable by laboratory filtering.
Temperature — Extreme temperatures primarily affect the aquatic
life use of waters. While temperature is affected by natural conditions,
man has a significant effect by the construction and operation of dams
and the discharge of cooling waters from industrial processes, particularly
power generation.
Toxic Materials — These may include hundreds of compounds present
in waters due to industrial wastes, runoff from farm lands where pesticides
have been applied and other causes which are harmful to human, plant,
animal and aquatic life.
Warm— and Cold—Water Fish — Warm—water fish include black bass,
sunfish, catfish, gar and others; cold—water fish include salmon and
trout, whitefish, miller’s thumb and blackfish. The temperature factor
determining distribution is set by adaptation of the eggs to warm or
cold water.
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APPENDIX VI
ADDRESSES OF WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCIES
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
State Office Building, Room 225
165 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, Connecticut 06115
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region I, Room 2303
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
New England Interstate Water
Pollution Control Commission
607 Boylston Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02116
Interstate Sanitation Commission
10 Columbus Circle
New York, New York 10019
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972—75534/78
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