THE IMPACT OF OIL ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
IMCO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN
JOINT GROUP OF EXPERTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC
ASPECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION
(GESAMP)
Compiled for GESAMP
August 1975
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PRE FACE
This bibliography was prepared from “Literature Cited” segments
of papers submitted by members of the GESAMP (Joint Group of
Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution) Working Group
on the Impact of Oil in the Marine Environment.
This compilation is not intended to be comprehensive but rather
is to provide a concise listing of references used during presentations
and discussions within the Working Group at its meeting in late October
1974, in Rome. Participants used the bibliography for quick reference
both during and after the meeting. The document has continued to be
updated during 1975 to enable the Working Group to have an up-to-date
reference list for its discussions in the fall of 1975.
Dr. C. Hugh Thompson
Chairman
GESAMP Working Group on the
Impact of Oil in the Marine Environment
August 4, 1975
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THE IMPACT OF OIL ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT -
A BIBLIOGRAPHY*
I. Analytical Methodologies
II. Degradation
Biological
Chemical/ Physical
III. Dispersants
IV. Effects
General
Carcinogenicity
Case Histories
Organisms
Crustaceans
Fish
Mollusks
Phytoplanktons
V. Sources
Airborne
Land-Based
Marine
VI. General
VII. Selected Bibliographies
*Compiled for GESAMP by Hazardous Substances Branch, United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D. C.. August, 1974.
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The references listed in the bibliography as GSU and NAS refer
to the complete entries below.
GSU (Georgia State University)
Authors; 1973. “Title.” In: The Microbial Degradation of Oil pollu-
tants. D. G. Ahearri d S. P. Meyers, eds. Proceedings of
Workshop held at Georgia State University. Atlanta - December
1972. Louisiana State University Pub. No. LSU-SG-73-O1.: pages.
NAS (National Academy of Sciences)
Author; 1973. “Title.” In: Proceedings of a Workshop on Inputs,
Fates, and Effects ofl etroleum in the Marine Environment, 2 1-25
May 1973, Airlie, Virginia.: pages.
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—1—
Analytical Methodologies
Ackman, R. G. and Noble, D. 1973. Steam distillation: A simple
technique for recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons from tainted
fish. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30(5):711-714.
Ahmadjian, M. and Brown, C. W. 1973. Feasibility of remote detection
of water pollutants and oil slicks by laser-excited Raman spectro-
scopy. Environmental Science and Technology. 7:452.
Anon. 1973. Imbiber polymer beads that soak up oil spills. The
Manigeer Reprint.
Baler, R. E. Organic films on natural waters: their retrieval,
identification, and modes of elimination. J. Geophys. Res. 77 (27):
5062-5075. —
Beak, T. W. Marine oil analysis. Halifax, N. S. Fisheries Research
Board.
Bittel, R. • and Lacourly, G. 1971. Methode d’appsoche pour
Pevaluation des niveaux de pollution chimique des milieux rnarins
et des chaines alimtaires marines. Rev. mt. oceanogr. Med.,
22—23:129—142 .
Boylan, D. B. and Tripp, B. W. 1973. Determination of hydrocarbons
in sea water extracts of crude oil and crude oil fractions. Nature.
London. 230(5288):44-47.
Brown, C. W.: Lynch. P. F.; and Ahrnadjian, M. 1974. Novel method
for sampling oil spills and for measuring infrared spectra of oil
samples. Analytical Chemistry. 46:183-184.
Brown, D. E. and Pitt, K. 1972. Drop size distribution of stirred
non-coalescing liquid-liquid system. Cheni. Eng. Sci. England.
27(3): 577—83.
Brown, R. A. 1973. Measurement of hydrocarbons in water and
sediment. NAS. 1:134-151.
Brown, R. A. 1973. Methods for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
NAS. 1:152-157.
Cahnmann, H. J. 1955. Detection and quantitative determination
of Benzo(a) pyrene in American (Colorado) shale oil. Analyt.
Chem. 27(8):1235—1240.
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Analytical Methodologies
Caribert, S. and Skarstedt, C. 1972. Determination of small amounts
of non-polar hydrocarbon oil in sea water. J. Conts. mt. Explor.
Mer. 34(3):506-515.
Clark, R. C., Jr. and Finley, J. S. 1973. Techniques for analysis of
paraffin hydrocarbons and for interpretation of data to assess oil spill
effects in aquatic organisms. In: Proc. Joint Conference on Pre-
vention and Control of Oil Spihi API/EPA/IJSCG. Washington,
D.C. :161—172.
Dubois, L.; Corkey, A.; and Monkman, J. L. 1960. The chromatography
of polycyclic hydrocarbons. mt. J. Air Poll. 2:236-252.
Ehrhardt, M. and Bhimer, M. 1972. The source identification of
marine hydrocarbons by gas chromatography. Environ. Pollut.
3:170-194.
Farrington, J. W. 1973. Analytical techniques for the determination of
petroleum contamination in marine organisms. Woods Hole,
Massachusetts. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. WHOI -73-57.
Farrington, J. W. 1974. Some problems associated with the collection of
marine samples and analysis of hydrocarbons. Woods Hole, Massa-
chusetts. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. WHOI- 74-23.
Farrington, J. W.; Teal, J. M.; Quinn, J. G.; Wade, T.; and Burns, K.
1973. Intercalibration of analyses of recently biosynthesized hydro-
carbons and petroleum hydrocarbons in marine lipids. Bull. Environ.
Cont. & Tox. 10(3):129-136.
Gordon, D. C., Jr.; Keizer, P. D., and Chamut, P. S. 1974. Estimation
of hydrocarbon concentrations in the water column of Come-By-Chance
Bay; 197 1-1973. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Tech. Rpr. 442.
Gordon, D. C., Jr. and Keizer, P. D. 1974. Estimation of petroleum
hydrocarbons in seawater by fluorescence spectros copy: improved
sampling and analytical methods. Fisheries and Marine Service.
Tech. Rpt. 481.
Gordon, D. C., Jr.; Keizer, P. D.; and Dale, J. 1974. Estimates using
fluorescence spectroscopy of the present state of petroleum hydrocarbon
contamination in the water column of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.
Marine Chem. 59:1-11.
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—3...
Analytical Methodologies
Gordon, D. C.. Jr. and Keizer, P. D. 1974. Hydrocarbon concentrations
detected by fluorescence spectroscopy in seawater over the continental
shelf of Atlantic Canada - background levels and possible effects of
oil exploration activity. Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
Tech. Rpt. 448.
Grassle, J. F. 1973. “Methods for studying the effects of marine oil
spills.” NAS. 1:323—346.
Gunkel, W. 1967. Experimental ecological investigations regarding
the limiting factors of microbial oil degradation in the marine
environment. Helyol. Wiss. Meers. 15:210-225.
Hertz, H. S., Chesler S. N.; May. W. E., Gump, G. H.; Enagonia,
D. P.; and Cram, S. P. Methods for trace organic analysis in
sediments and marine organisms. Anal. Chem. Div., Nat. Bureau
of Standards. Washington, D. C.
Keizer, P. D. and Gordon, D. C., Jr. 1973. Detection of trace amounts
of oil in sea water by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fisheries Research
Board of Canada. 30:1039-1046.
Lacaze, J. C. 1971. Use of a simple experimental device to study
water pollution in situ : comparative effects of three anti-petroluem
emulsive agentá Tethys, 3(4):705-7 16. (Original and Translation).
LaRoche, G. 1973. Analytical approach in the evaluation of biological
damage resulting from spilled oil. NAS. 1:346-374.
Levy, E. M. 1972. The identification of petroleum products on the marine
environment by absorption spectrophotometry. Water Res. 6:57-69.
Lichatowich, J. A.; O’Keefe, P. W.; Strand, J. A.; and Templeton, W. L.
1972. Development of methodology and apparatus for the bioassay of
oil. Prevention and Control of Oil Spills. American Petroleum
Institute. :659—670.
Loof, S. 1974. A study of the distribution of mineral oil along the
Swedish West-Coast compared to the Baltic by means of infrared
spectrophotometry. Kie. Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers
paper No. 23.
Lynch. P. F. and Brown, C. W. 1973. Identifying sources of petroleum
by infrared spectroscopy. Reprint from: Environmental Science and
Technology. 7:1123—1127.
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-4-
Analytical Methodologies
Makolaj, P. G. 1972. Environmental applications of the Weibull
distribution function: oil pollution. Science. 176:1019-1021 .
Moore, S. F. 1973. Towards a model of the effects of oil on marine
organisms. NAS. 11:635-654.
Oliver, J. D. and Coiwell, H. H. 1973. Extractable lipids of gram-
negative marine bacteria: phospholipid composition. J. of Bac-
teriology. 114(3):897-908.
Perkins, E. J. 1972. Some problems of marine toxicity studies. Mar.
Pollut. Bull. 3:13—14.
Portmann, J. E. 1972. Results of acute toxicity tests with marine
organisms, using a standard method. M. Ruivo, ed. : 212-217.
Reish, D. J. 1973. Laboratory populations for long-term toxicity tests.
Mar. Pollut. Bull. 4(3):46.
Roubal, W. T. In vivo and in vitro spin-labeling studies of pollutant-host
interaction, l f 3Fint from: Mass Spectometry and NMR Spectroscopy
in Pesticide Chemistry. Ed. by Rizwanul Haque and Francis J. Biros.
New York, New York. Plenum Publishing Corp. : 305-324.
Shelton, H. G. J. 1969. Dispersant toxicity test procedures. Prevention
and Control of Oil Spills. American Petroleum Institute: 181-191.
Sprague. J. B. 1971. Sublethal oil spill fumble. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
2: 83-84.
Strand, J. A.; Templeton, W. L.; Lichatowich, .1. A.; and Apto, C. W.
1971. Development of toxicity test procedures for marine phyto-
plankton. Prevention and Control of Oil Spills. American Petroleum
Institute: 279-286.
Sullivan, 3. B. 1973. “Is our approach to the oil pollution problem too
crude?” NAS. 11:797-824.
Walker, 3. D.; Conrad, B. F.; Seesman, P.A.; and Colwell, H. H. 1975
Comparison of membrane filter counts and plate counts on hetero-
trophic and oil agar used to estimate populations of yeast, fungi and
bacteria. Amer. Society for Testing and Materials.
Walker, 3. D. and Coiwell, H. R. 1975. Extraction of petroleum hydro-
carbons from oil-contaminated sediments. Bull, of Environ. Cont.
and Tox. 13(2):245-247
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Analytical Methodologies
Walker, 3. D.; CoIwell, H. H.; and Petrakis, L. 1975. Microbial
degradation of petroleum: the use of computerized low-resolution
mass spectrometry. Appl. Microbiology. In Press.
Walker, 3. D. and Coiwell, B. B. 1974. Use of computerized low-resolution
mass spectrometry to analyze biodegradation of petroleum. Can. Journal
of Micro.
Weiss, F. T. 1973. Identification of waterborne oils. NAS. 1:29 1-306.
Zaliriou, 0. C.; Myers, 3.; Bourbonniere, B.; and Freestone, F. 3. 1973.
Oil spill-source correlation by gas chromatography: an experimental
evaluation of system performance. Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution. Contribution No. 2994.
Zitko, V. and Carson, W. V. 1970. The characterization of petroleum
oils and their determination in the aquatic environment. Fisheries
Research Board of Canada. Tech. Bpt. 211.
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Degradation - Biological
Ahearn, D.G.; Meyers, S.P.; and Standard, P.G. 1971. The role of
yeasts in the decomposition of oils in marine environments. De-
velopments in Industrial Microbiol. 12:126-134.
Ahearn, D. G. 1974. Biodegradation of oil pollutants by yeasts and
yeast-like fungi. Microbiology Program Progress Report
Abstracts. ONR Report ACR- 197. (Unpublished Report, Office
of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy). :125-126.
Ahearn, D. G. 1973. Microbial degradation of oil pollutants.
Edited by D. G. Ahearn and S. P. Meyers. Workshop held at
Georgia State University, Atlanta - Dec. 1972. Pub. No. LSU-
SG-73-O1. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Louisiana State University.
Abeam, D. G. 1973. Microbial-facilitated degradation of oil: A
prospectus. The Microbial Degradation of Oil Pollutants. Edited
by D. G. Ahearn and S. P. Meyers. Workshop held at Georgia
State University, Atlanta - Dec. 1972 • Pub • No • LSU -SG -73-01.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Louisiana State tJniveristy: 1-2.
Ahifeld, T. E. and LaRock, P. A. 1973. Alkane degradation in beach
sands. The Microbial Degradation of Oil Pollutants. Edited by
D.G. Ahearn and S. P. Meyers. Workshop held at Georgia State
University, Atlanta - Dec. 1972. Pub. No. LSU-SG-73-O1. Baton
Rouge, Loiusiana. Louisiana State University. : 199-203.
Atlas, H. M. and Bartha, R. 1972. Biodegradation of petroleum in
seawater at low temperatures. Can. J. Microbiol. 18(12):1851-1855.
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R. 1972. Degradation and mineralization
of petroleum by two bacteria isolated from coastal waters. Biotechnol.
Bioeng. 14(3):297-308.
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, H. 1972. Degradation and mineralization
of petroleum in sea water: limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus.
Biotechnol. Bioengn. 14:309-318.
Atlas, H. M. and Bartha, R. 1973. Abundance, distribution, and oil
biodegradation potential of microorganisms in Raritan Bay. Environ.
Pollut. 4:291-300.
Atlas, H. M.; Bartha, R.; and Antonie von Leeuwenhoek. 1973. Inhibition
by fatty acids of the biodegradation of petroleum. Biosci. Div., Jet
Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, Calif., USA. 39(2):257-271.
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Degradation - Biological
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R. 1973. Stimulated biodegradation of oil
slicks using oleophilic fertilizers. Environ. Sd. and Tech.
7:538-541.
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R. 1973. Effects of some commercial oil
herders, dispersants and bacterial inocula on biodegradation of oil
in seawater. G.S.U. :283-290.
Bartha, H. and Atlas, R. M. 1972. Biodegradation of polluting oil.
Naval Research Reviews. 25:17-22.
Bartha, H. and Atlas, H. M. 1973. Biodegradation of oil in seawater:
limiting factors and artifical stimulation. G. S. U. : 147-152.
Beam, H. W. and Perry, 3. J. 1973. Co-metabolism as a factor
in microbial degradation of cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons. Arch.
Microbiol. 91:87-90.
Blumer, M. 1961. Benzpyrene in soil. Science. 134:474-475 .
Blumer, M. and Sass, J. 1972. Indigenous and petroleum-derived
hydrocarbons in a polluted sediment. Marine Pollution Bull.
3(6): 92—93.
Boylan, E. 1950. The biological significance of metabolism of
polycycUc compounds. Biochem. Loc. Symposia No. 5:40-54.
Boylan, E. and Sims, P. 1964. Metabolism of polycyclic compounds:
the metabolism of benz(a) anthracene. Biochem. 1. 9:439-506
Bridie, A. L. and Bos, J. 1971. Biological degradation of mineral oil
in sea water. J. Inst. Petrol. London. 57(557):270-277.
Briscu, J. 1969. Biosynthesis of 3,4 benzpyrene and anaerobiosis.
C.R. Seanc. Soc. Biol. 163:772—774 .
Button. D. 1973. “Hydrocarbon biodegradation kinetics.” NAS.
I: 307-322.
Carnes, D. and Finnerty, W. H. 1971. Characterization of the Anaplerotic
Enzyme, phospho -enol -pyruvate carboxylas e, from micrococcus
cerificans . Bacterial. Proc. : 145.
Cerniglia, C. E. and Perry, J. J. 1973. Crude oil degradation by
micro-organisms isolated from the marine environment. Z. Allg.
Microbiol. 13:299—306.
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Degradation - Biological
Cobert. A. B.; Guard, H. E. and Chatirigny, M. A. 1973. Considerations
in application of micro-organisms to the environment for degradation
of petroleum products. GSU:81-87.
Cobert, A. B. and Guard, H. E. 1973. Effects of a bunker fuel on the
beach bacterial flora. In: Proceedings Joint Conference on Preven-
tion and Control of Oil S il1s. American Petroleum Institute,
Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Coast Guard. :815-819.
Coiwell, R. R.; Walker, J. D.; and Nelson, J. D., Jr. 1973. Microbial
ecology and the problem of petroleum degradation in Chesapeake Bay.
GSU: 184— 198.
Coiwell, H. H.; Walker, J. D.; and Nelson, J. D., Jr. 1973. Microbial
ecology and the problem of petroleum degradation in Chesapeake Bay
In: Center for Wetland Resources, LSU Special Pubi. LSU-SG-73-O1.
T185— 197.
Coiwell, R. F L; Carney, J. F.; Kaneko, T.; Nelson, J. D.; and Walker,
J. D. 1974. Microbial activities in the estuarine ecosystem. First
International Congress of International Association of Microbiological
Societies. Tokyo, Japan. In Press.
Coiwell, R. H.; Walker, J. D.; and Conrad, B. F. 1975. Microbiological
studies of Atlantic Ocean water and sediment from potential off-shore
drilling sites. Submitted to Dev. in Industrial Microbiology.
Conrad, B. F., Walker, J. D.; and Coiwell, H. R. 1975. Utilization of
crude oil and mixed hydrocarbon substrate by Atlantic ocean bacteria.
Submitted to Dev. in Industrial Microbiology.
Cundall, A. M. and Traxler, R. W. 1973. Microbial degradation of petro-
leum at low temperatures. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 4:125-127.
Cundall, A. M. and Traxier, B. W. 1973. The isolation and char-
acterization of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria from Chedabucto
Bay, Nova Scotia. In: API/EPA/USCG Conferences on Prevention
and Control of Oil S T11s. American Petroleum Institute, Washington,
D.C. :421-426.
Cundell, A. M. and Traxier, H. W. 1974. Hydrocarbon-degrading
bacteria associated with Arctic oil seeps. Developments in Industrial
Microbiology. 15:250-255.
Davis, J. D. 1968. Paraffinic hydrocarbons in the sulfate-reducing
bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans . Chem. Geol. 3:155-160.
Finnerty, W. H.; Kennedy, R. S.; Spurlock, B. 0.; and Young, R. A. 1973.
Microbes and petroleum: perspectives and implications. GSU: 105-126.
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Degradation - Biological
Floodgate, G. D. 1972. Microbial degradation of oil. Marine Pollution
Bull. 3:41—43.
Floodgate, G. D. 1973. A threnody concerning the biodegradation of oil
in natural waters. GSU. :17-24.
Floodgate, G. D.; Gibb, D. F.; and Pugh, K. P. 1973. “Microbial
interaction with oil in the marine environment.” NAS 11:507-515.
Friede, J.; Guire, P.; Gholson, R.K.; Gaudy, E.; and Gaudy,
A. F., Jr. 1972. Assessment of biodegradation potential for
controlling oil spills on the high seas. Department of Transportation,
U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Res. and Dev. Rept. Proj. 4110. 1.3. 1
Friede, J.; Guire, P.; and Cholson, R.K. 1973. Assessment of bio-
degradation potential for controlling oil spills on the high seas. From
Govt. Rep. Announcement (U.S.) 73(13):49.
Gibson, D. T. 1968. Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds.
Science. 161:1093—1097 .
Gibson, D. T. 1971. Initial reactions in the degradation of aromatic
hydrocarbons. Proceedings Conference Degradation of Synthetic
Organic Molecules in the Biosphere, Natural Pesticidal and Various
other Man-made Compounds. San Francisco, California, June 12-13,
1971. Washington, D. C. NAS.
Gibson, D. T. and Yeh, W. K. 1974. Microbial degradation of aromatic
hydrocarbons. GSU :33-38.
Guire, P.E.; Friede, J.D.; and Gholson, R.K. 1973. Production and
characterization of emulsifying factors from hydrocarbonoclas tic yeast
and bacteria. GSU: 229-232. -
Gunkel. W. 1973. “Some reflections on the biodegradation of mineral
oils in the marine environment.” NAS 11:516-640.
Hunt, P. G. 1972. The microbiology of terrestrial crude oil degradation.
Special Report 168. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora-
tory, Hanover, N. H.
Kallio, H. E. 1969. Microbial transformations of alkanes. In: D. Perlman
(Ed.) Fermentation Advances. Academic Press, New Y k. :635-648.
Kator, H. 1973. Utilization of crude oil hydrocarbons by mixed cultures
of marine bacteria. GSU: 47-65.
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Degradation - Biological
Kvasnikov, E. E. and Krivitsky, I. P. 1968. On the distribution of
micro-organisms utilizing aromatic hydrocarbons of the Borislav oil
deposit. Microbol. Zh. 30:291-295. (In Ukranian).
LaRock, P. A. and Ahifeld, T. E. 1973. The relative changes in
n-alkane composition and surface water slick. The microbial de-
gradation of oil pollutants. Ed. by D. G. Ahearn and S. P. Meyers.
Workshop held at Georgia State University, Atlanta - December, 1972.
Publ. No. LSU-SG-73-01. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Louisiana State
University: 233-236.
LaBock, PA. and Severence, M. 1973. The bacterial treatment of oil
spills: the facts considered. In: L.H. Stevenson and R. R. CoIwell,
eds. Estuarine Microbial Eco1 gy. University of South Carolina
Press, Columbus, South Carolina.
Lee, R.R. and Benson, A.A. 1973. “Fates of petroleum in the sea:
biological aspects.” NASII:541-551.
Liu, D.L.S. and Dutka, B.J. 1972. Bacterial seeding techniques:
novel approach to oil spill problems. Canada Research and Develop-
ment. July - August, 1972: 1-4.
Liu, D. L. S. 1973. Microbial degradation of crude oil and the various
hydrocarbon derivatives. GSU: 95-104.
Liu, D. L. S. and Dutka, D. L. Biological oxidation of the hydrocarbons
in aqueous phase. J. Wat. Pollution Control Federation. 45(2):
232—239.
Mallet, L.; Zanghr, L.; and Brisou, L. 1967. Examination of the
possibilities of bio-synthesis of polybenzic hydrocarbons of the type
benzo-3, 4 pyrene by a putrid Clostridiurn in the presence of lipids
of a marine plankton. C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Ser. D. Paris.
264:1534—1537 .
Mallet, L.; Priou, M. L. and Leon, M. 1969. Biosynthesis and bio-
reduction of the polybenzic hydrocarbon benzo 3, 4 pyrene in the muds
of the St. Malo Bay. C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci.. Ser. D. Paris.
268:202-205 .
Mallet, L. and Tissier, M. 1969. Biosynthese experimental des hydro-
carbures polybenzeniques due type benzo 3-4 pyrene auz depens des
terres de forets. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 163:63—65 .
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Degradation - Biological
Mechalas, B.J.;Meyers, T.J.;andKolpack, R.L. 1973. Microbial
decomposition patterns using crude oil. In: D. G. Ahearn and S. P.
Meyers, eds. The Microbial Degradatioi R,f Oil Pollutants. Center
for Wetland Resources. LSU Pubi. No. LSU-SG-73-01: 67-80.
Merten, E. W. 1973. ‘ t A literature review of the biological impact of
oil spills in the marine water. t ’ NAS 11:731-744.
Miget, H. J.; Oppenheimer, C. H.; Kator, H. I.; and LaRock, P. A. 1969.
Microbial degradation of normal paraffin hydrocarbons in crude oil.
Proceedings API/FWPCA Joint Conference on Prevention and Control
of OilSpills. NewYork. :327—331.
Miget, R. 1973. Bacterial seeding to enhance biodegradation of oil slicks.
In: Ahearn, D. G, and Meyers, S. P. Eds. The microbial degradation
3T oil pollutants. Louisiana State University, Center for Wetland
Resources: 29 1-309.
Mitchell, H.; Fogel, S.; and Chet, T. 1972. Bacterial chemoreception:
an important ecological phenomenon inhibited by hydrocarbons. Water
Res. 6(10):1137—1140.
Nelson, J. D.; Blair, W.; Brinckrnan, F. E.; Coiwell, R. H.; and Iverson,
W. P. 1973. Biodegradation of phenylmercuric acetate by mercury-
resistant bacteria. Applied Micro. 26(3):3 21—326.
Niaussat, P. and Auger, C. 1970. Evidence and distribution of benzo-
3-4 pyrene and perylene in different organisms of the Clipperton
lagunar biocoenosis. C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci. Ser. D. Paris.
270:2702—2705 .
Nyms, E. J. and Wiaux, A. L. 1969. Biologie des hydrocarbures
1966—1968. Agricultura. 17(2):3-56.
Parker, C.A.; Freegarde. M.; and Hatchard, C.G. 1971. The effect
of some chemical and biological factors on the degradation of crude
oil at sea. Water Poll. by Oil. Lorid. The Institute of Petroleum.
P. Hepple, Ed. :237-244.
Perry, J. J. and Cerniglia, C. E. 1973. Crude oil degradation by
filamentous fungi. J. Gen. Appli. Microbiol. 19:151—153.
Perry, J. J. and Cerniglia. C. E. 1973. Studies on the degradation
of petroleum by filamentous fungi. In: D. G. Ahearn and S. P.
Meyers, Eds. The Microbial Degra tion of Oil Pollutants. Center
for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State University. Pub. No.
LSG-SU-73-01: 89—94.
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Degradation - Biological
Petrikevich, S.B.; Ye Danil’seva, G.; and Miesel, M.N. 1964.
Accumulation and chemical transformation of 3, 4-Benzpyrene
by micro-organisms. Doki. Biol. Sci. 159:845-847 .
Pritchard, P. H. and Starr, T. J. 1973. Microbial degradation of oil
and hydrocarbons in continuous culture. GSU: 39-45.
Poglazova, MN.; Fedoseeva, G.E.; Khesman, A.J.; Meissel, M.N.
and Shabad, I. M. 1967. Destruction of benzo(a)pyrene by soil
bacteria. Life Sciences. !:1053—1062.
Poglazova, M. N.; Fedoseeva, G. E.; Ya Khesman, A. J.; Meissel, M. N.
and Shabad, I. M. 1967. Further investigations on the decomposition
of benzo(a) pyrene by soil bacteria. Doki. Biol. Sci. 172:649-65 1.
Poglazova. M. N.; Fedoseeva, G. E.; Ye Khesman, A. J.; Meissel, M. N.
and Shabad, I. M. 1968. The oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene by micro-
organisms in relation to its concentration in the medium. Dokl. Biol.
Sci. 179:199—201 .
Reisfeld, A.; Rosenberg, E.; and Gutnick, D. 1972. Microbial degradation
of crude oil: factors effecting the dispersion in sea water by mixed
and pure cultures. Appi. Microbiol. 24:363-368.
Robertson, B.R.; Arhelger, S.D.; Law, R.A.T.; Button, D.K. 1973.
Hydrocarbon biodegradation. In: Environmental Studies of Port
Valdez (Hood, D. W., et al. , e .). Occas. Pubi. Institute Mar.
Science. University orAlaska. 3:449-479.
Robertson, R.; Arhelger. S.; Kinriery, P.J.; and Button, D.K. 1973.
Hydrocarbon degradation in Alaska waters. GSU: 171-184.
Rogoff, M.H. and Wender, I. 1957. The microbiology of coal. I.
bacterial oxidation of phenanthrene. J. Bacteriol. 73:264-268.
Rogoff, M. H. 1961. Oxidation of aromatic compounds by bacteria.
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Schlede, E., et al. 1970. Effect of enzyme induction on the metabolism
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2893-2897. —
Schwarz, J. B.; Walker, J. D.; and Coiwell, B. B. 1974. Growth
of deep-sea bacteria on hydrocarbons at ambient and in situ pressure.
Develop. md. Microbiol. 15:239-249.
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—13—
Degradation - Biological
Schwarz, J.R.;Walker, J.D;andColwell, R.R. 1975. Deep-sea
bacteria: growth and utilization of hydrocarbons at ambient and in
situ temperature and pressure. Can. Microbiol. In press.
Seesman, P.A.; Walker, J. D; and Coiwell, I L R. 1975. Biodegra-
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Soli, G. 1971. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine
bacteria. Rev. mt. Oceanogr. Med. CERBOM. 24:127.
Soil, G. and Bens, E. M. 1972. Bacteria which attack petroleum
hydrocarbons in a saline medium. Biotechnol. and Bioengineering.
14:319-330.
Soli, G. 1973. Marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria: types and ranges
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Storrs, P.N. 1973. “Petroleum inputs to the marine environment from
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Traxier, H. W. 1973. Bacterial degradation of petroleum materials
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LSU-SG-73-01. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Louisiana State University:
163-170.
Traxier, H. W. 1973. Bacterial degradation of petroleum materials in
low temperature marine environments. GSU: 163- 170.
Van Der Linden, A. C. and Thijsse, G. J. E. 1965. The mechanisms
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Walker, J. D.; Austin, H. F.; and Coiwell, H. H. 1974. Utilization of mixed
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Walker, J. D.; Codone, L., Jr.; and Cooney, J. J. 1973. Microbial
petroleum degradation: the role of Cladosporium resinae . In: Pro-
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Walker, J. D. and Coiwell, H. H. 1974. Mercury-resistant bacteria
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Degradation - Biological
Walker, J. D. and Colwell, R. R. 1974. Microbial petroleum degradation:
use of mixed hydrocarbon substrates. Appi. Microbiol. USA. American
Society for Microbiology. 27(6): 1053-1060.
Walker, J. D.; Seesman, P.A.; and Coiwell, R. B. 1974. Effects of
petroleum on proteolytic, lipolytic and chitinolytic estuarine bacteria.
Mar. Pollution Bulletin.
Walker, J. D. and Coiwell, H. II. 1974. Bacterial degradation of motor
oil. Jour. Water Poll. Control Federation. Submitted.
Walker, J. D. and Colwell, B. R. 1974. Degradation of hydrocarbons
and mixed hydrocarbon substrate by microorganisms from Chesa-
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Walker, J. D. and Colwell, H. R. 1974 Microbial degradation
of model petroleum at low temperatures. Microbiol. Ecol. 1:63-95.
Walker, J. D. and ColweU, H. B. 1975. Biodegradation of in situ oil.
Bioscience. Submitted.
Walker, J. D.; Coiwell, H. R.; and Petrakis, L. 1975. Chesapeake
Bay sediment bacteria arid the biodegradation of petroleum. Nature.
Submitted.
Walker, J.D.;Seesman, P.A.;Carney, J.F.;andColwell. R.R. 1975.
Effect of South Louisiana crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil on growth of
heterotrophic microorganisms including proteolytic, lipolytic, chitinolytic
and cellulolytic bacteria. Environmental Pollution. Submitted.
Walker, J. D.; Calomiris, J. J.; and Coiwell, H. R. 1975. Degradation of
petroleum hydrocarbons by Atlantic Ocean bacteria: growth and
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Walker, J. D.; Colwell, H. R.; and Petrakis, L. 1975. A study of
the biodegradation of Louisiana crude oil employing computerized
mass spectrometry. APIIEPA/USCG Conference on Prevention and
Control of Oil Pollution. In Press.
Walker, J. D.; CoIwell, R. H.; and Petrakis, L. 1975. Petroleum
degradation by bacteria from Chesapeake Bay sediment: fate of
fractions of petroleum subject to degradation by fresh, frozen and
enriched cultures. J. Gen Microbiol. Submitted.
Walker, J. D.; Coiwell, R. R.; and Vaituzis, Z. 1975. Apetroleum-
degrading achiorophyllous alga, prototheca zopfii . Nature. Submitted.
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—15—
Degradation - Biological
Walker, J. D. and Colwell, R. R. 1975. Biodegradation rates of
components of petroleum. Submitted to Nature.
Walker, J. D. and Coiwell, R. R. 1975. Evaluation of petroleum-
degrading potential of bacteria from water and sediment. Submitted
to Applied Microbiology.
Walker 1 J. D.; Austin, H. F.; and Coiwell. R. R. 1975. Heterotrophic
potential of marine bacteria. Submitted to Deep-Sea Research.
Walker, J. D. and Colwell. R. R. 1975. Long-chain n-alkanes occurring
during microbial degradation of petroleum. Subn i1tted to Nature.
Walker, J. D. and Colwell, R. R. 1975. Role of autochthonous bacteria
in the removal of spilled oil from sediment. Submitted to Applied
Microbiology.
Walsh, F. and Mitchell. R. 1973. Inhibition of bacterial chemoreception
by hydrocarbons. GSU: 275-278.
ZoBell, C. E. 1946. Action of microorganisms on hydrocarbons. Bact.
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ZoBell, C. E. 1950. Assimilation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms.
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ZoBell, C. E. 1959. Microbiology of oil. New Zealand Oceanogr.
Inst. Mem. No. 3:39-47.
ZoBell. C. E. 1969. Microbial modification of crude oil in the sea.
Proceedings API/FWPCA Joint Conference on Prevention and Control
of Oil Spills. New York: 3 17—326.
Zobell, C. E. 1973. Bacterial degradation of mineral oils at low
temperatures. GSU: 153-162.
ZoBell, C. E. 1973. Microbial degradation of oil: present status,
problems, and perspectives. In: The Microbial Degradation of
Oil Pollutants. D. G. Ahearn d S. P. Meyers, eds.
Workshop held at Georgia State University • Atlanta - December, 1972.
Louisiana State University. Pub. No. LSU-SG-73-01:3-16.
ZoBell. C. E. Bacterial degradation of mineral oils at low temperatures.
In: The Microbial Degradation of Oil Pollutants. Eds. D. G. Ahearn and
P. Meyers. Center for Wetland Resources. LSU. Baton Rouge,
Louisiana. Pub. No. LSU-SG-73-01: 153-161.
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—16—
Degradation - Chemical/Physical
API Technical Data Book - Petroleum Refining, 2nd Ed., 1970. Chapt.
9, Phase equilibria in hydrocarbon-water systems.
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, H. 1972. Degradation and mineralization of
petroleum in sea water: limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus.
Biotechnol. and Bioeng. 14:309-3 18.
Atlas, R. M. 1973. Fate and effects of oil pollutants in extremely cold
marine environments. Unpublished manuscript. ONH. Government
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Pasadena).
Aubert, M. 1971. Telemediateur chimique et equilible biologique
oceanique 1. Theorie general Rev. mt. Oceanogr. Med. 21:5- 16.
Aubert, M. 1972. Pollutions chimiques et chaines trophodynamiques
marines. Rev. Intern. Oceanogr. Med. XXVII.
Aulif, K. and Mak, V. 1970. Solubility of paraffin, cycloparaffin, olefin,
acetylene, cycoolefin, and aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Org.
Geokhim. Russia. 2: 168-82. From Ref. Zh., Khim. 1970.
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Barger, W. R.; Daniel, W. H.; and Garrett, W. D. 1974. Surface
chemical properties of banded sea slicks. Deep-Sea Res. 21:83-89.
Binet, L. and Mallet, L. 1963. Diffusion of polybenzene hydrocarbons
in the living environment. Gaz. Hop. 135:1142 .
Blumer, M. and Sass, J. 1972. Indigenous and petroleum-derived
hydrocarbons in a polluted sediment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 3:92-94.
Blumer, M. 1970. Dissolved organic compounds in sea water: saturated
and olefinic hydrocarbons and simply branched fatty acid 0cc.
Alaska. Pop. Inst. Mar. Sci. 1:153-167.
Blumer, M. and Sass, J. 1972. Oil pollution: persistence and degra-
dation of spilled fuel oil. Science. 176(4039):1120-1122.
Blumer, M. and Ehrhardt, M. 1973. The environmental fate of stranded
and crude oil. Deep-Sea Research. 20:239-259.
Boehm, P. D. and Quinn, J. G. 1974. The solubility behavior of a No.
2 fuel oil in sea water. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 5:105.
Boehm, P. D. and Quinn, J. G. 1973. Solubilization of hydrocarbons
by the dissolved organic matter in sea water. Geochemical et
Cosmochemical Aeta. 37:2459-2477.
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—17—
Degradation - Chemical/Physical
Bonoli, L. and Witherspoon, P. A. Diffusion of paraffin, cycloparaffin,
and aromatic hydrocarbons in water and some effects of salt concen-
tration. (1st. Ric. “G. Donegani,” Montecatini, Edison S. P. A.,
Novara, Italy). Advan. Org. Geochem., Proc. mt. Meet., 4th 1968.
(Pub. 1969). Ed. bySchenck. Oxford, Eng. Pergamon. 373-384.
Brown, S. 0. and Reid, B. L. 1951. Experiments to test the diffusion
of oxygen through a surface layer of oil. Texas A&M Research
Foundation.
Conney, A. H. and Burns, J. J. 1972. Metabolic interactions among
environmental chemicals and drugs. Science. 178(4061):576-586.
Cook, W. L.; Massey. J. K.; and Ahearn, D. G. 1973. The degradation
of crude oil by yeasts and its effect on Lesbistes reticulatus . GSTJ
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Dyrssen, D. 1972. The changing chemistry of the oceans. Ambio.
1(1): 15—21.
Erlander, S. B. and McGuire, J. P. 1968. Solubilities of hydrocarbons
in concentrated salt solutions and their correlation with the clathrate
water theory, ion-ion associations, and structure of polymers. J.
Marcomol. Sci. Chexn. 2(4):859 -875.
Fay, J.A. 1971. Physical processes on the spread of oil on a water
surface. Pro. Joint Conf. on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills.
APIIEPA/USCG. Washington, D. C. J. Water Poll. Control Fed.
44(6):903— 1250.
Feldman, M. H. 1973. Petroleum weathering: some pathways, fate and
disposition on marine waters. U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Corvallis, Oregon. EPA 660/3-73-013.
Feldman, M. H. 1973. Some mechanisms of weather of petroleum on
marine waters: com, etitive pathways to fate and disposition of
petroleum pollution. Nas. 11:431-450.
Giacomelli, A. and Spinetti, M. 1972. Salt effects on the activity co-
efficients of benzene in aqueous solutions. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 102(11 )
:985-73. (Eng).
Hood, D. W.; Forster, W. 0.; Linnenbon, V.; Waldichuk, M.; Parker,
P. L.: Reid, J. L.; Turekian, K.; and Perkins, B. 1971. The ultimate
fate of substances that relate to the quality of the marine environment.
Marine environmental quality. Suggested research programs for
understanding man 1 s effect on the ocean. Washington. NAS/NRC (US).
:83- 100.
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—18—
Degradation - Chemical/Physical
Koons, C. B. 1973. “Chemical composition: a control on the physical
and chemical processes acting on petroleum in the marine environment.”
NAS. 11:475-484.
Korobtsova, N. G. and Yakovleva, G. K. 1968. Solubility of certain
components of fuel oils in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride.
Transp. Khranenie Nefteprod. Uglevodorodn. Syr’ya. (22):12-15.
Laflock, P. A. and Ahlfeld, T. E. 1973. The relative changes in n-alkane
composition in surface slicks. GSU. :233-236.
Leinonen, P. J. and Mackay, D. 1973. Multicomponent solubility of
hydrocarbons in water. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 51(2):230-3. (Eng).
Mackay, D. and Matsugu, H. S. 1973. Evaporation rates of liquid
hydrocarbon spills on land and water. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 54(4)
:434-9. (Eng). —
Mayo, D. W.; Donovan, D. T.; and Jiang. L. Long term weathering
characteristics of Iranian crude oil. The wreck of the “Northern
Gulf.” Marine Poll. Monitoring (Petroleum) Symposium and
Workshop. National Bureau of Standards. Gaithersburg. Maryland.
May 13-17, 1974.
Piccinetti, C. 1968. Diffusione dell’hydrocarburo cancerogeno benzo 3-4
pirene nell’alto e medio adriantico. Arch. Oceanogr. Limnol.
15:169—183.
Polak, J. and Lu, B. C. Y. 1973. Mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons
and water at 0 and 25 degrees centigrade. Can. J. Chem. 5 1(24)
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Richmond, P.; Nirtham, B. W.; and Ottewill, H. W. 1973. Theoretical
study of hydrocarbon adsorption on water surfaces using Lifshitz
theory. J. Colloid Interface Sc 45(1):69-80. (Eng).
Sasaki, K.; Arakawa. K.; and Oyo Denki, Kenyusho Hokoku. 1971.
Hydrophobic interaction. 23(1): 1-10. (Japan).
Schwarz, J. B.; Walker, J. D.; and Coiwell, R. H. 1974. Hydrocarbon
degradation at ambient and in situ pressure. Appi. Microbiol. In
Press.
Sindermann, C. J. and Wash, J. 1972. Some biological indicators of
marine environmental degradation. Acad. Sci. 62(2): 184-189.
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—19—
Degradation - Chemical! Physical
Sutton. C. and Calder, J. A. “Solubility of hi her molecular weight n-
paraffins in distilled water and sea water. ‘ (Unpublished paper to
appear in Environ. Science and Tech.).
Traxler, B. W. and Pierce. R. H. 1974. Standard and intercomparison
criteria: tar balls and particulate matter. Proceedings of Symposium
and Workshop. Marine Poll. Monitoring (Petroleum) by National
Bureau of Standards. :73-74.
Wayne, B. and Mitchell, R. Chemotactic and growth responses of marine
bacteria to algal extracellular products. Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab.
Woods Hole. 143(2):265—277.
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-20-
Dispersants
Aiziew, C. 1972. Choice of products for use against the pollution of
the marine environment by oil spills. III. Relative toxicity of anti-
petroleum products to two marine organisms. Rev. Tray. Inst.
Peches Marit. Nantes. 36(1):103-119.
Bardach, J. E.; Jujiya, Me; and Holt, A. 1965. Detergents: effects
on the chemical senses of the fish Tetalurus natilis (Le Sueur).
Science. 148 : 1605-7.
Beynon, L. R. 1971. Oil spill dispersants. J. Inst. Petrol. 57(553):
1—7.
Blackman, R. A. A. 1974. Toxicity of oil-sinking agents. Mar. Pollut.
Bull. 5(8):116—118.
Bloom, S. A. 1970. An oil dispersant’s effect on the microflora of beach
sand. Marine Biol. Assoc. of the United Kingdom Journal. 50:9 19-923.
Bock, 1. K. and Mann, H. 1972. Toxikologische Untersuchung von
Emulgatoren fur die Bekampfun von Olverschrnutzungen. Ach.
Fishereiwiss., Bundesforschungsanst. Fisch., Inst. Kust. -und
Binnenfisch. Hambg. 23(1):64—67.
Brown, D. H. 1973. Toxicity studies on the components of an oil spill
emulsifier using Lichina pygmae and Xantheria parientina . Mar.
Biol. 18:309—315.
Brown, D.H. Ibid . :291—297.
Bryan, G. W. 1969. The effects of oil spill removers (detergents) on
the gastropod Nucella lapellus on a rocky shore and in the laboratory.
Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 49 l067-1092.
Chaplin. A. E. 1971. The effects of oil-spill emulsifiers on the meta-
bolism of Crustacae. Anon: 39-45.
Cracy, H.B.;Lee, R.A.;Woe]ke, C.E.;andSandborn, G. 1969.
Relative toxicities and dispersing evaluations of eleven oil-dispersing
products. Water Poll. Control Fed. J. 41:2062-69.
Crapp, G. B. Zoological studies on shore communities. The biol.
consequences of emulsifier cleansing. In: The ecological effects of
oil pollution on littoral communities. E Thceedings of a symposium
organized by the Inst. of Petroleum and held at the Zoological Society
of London.
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—21—
Dispersants
Crapp, G. B. 1971. Field experiments with oil and emulsifiers. E. B.
Cowell, ed. :114-128.
Crapp, G.B. 1971. Lab experiments with emulsifiers. Ibid . :129—149.
Crapp, G. B. 1971. The biological consequences of emulsifier cleansing.
Ibid . :150—168.
Engel, R. H. and Neat, M. J. 1971. Toxicity of oil dispersing agents
determined in a circulating aquarium system. Prevention and Control
of Oil Spills: 297—302.
George. J. D. 1971. The effects of pollution by oil and oil dispersants
on the common intertidal polychaetes, Cirriformia tentaculata and
Cirratu].us cirratus . J. Appi. Ecol. 8(2):411-420.
Griffith. D. de G. 1972. Toxicity of crude oil and detergents to two
species of edible molluscs under artificial tidal conditions.
M. Ruivo, ed.
Hazel, C. R.; Kopperdahi, F.; Morgan, V.; and Thomson, W. 1940.
Evaluating oil spill clean-up agents: development of testing pro-
cedures and criteria. California State Water Resources Control
Board. Sacramento. Pub. No. 43.
Hargrave, B. T. and Newcombe, C. P. 1973. Crawling and respiration
as indices of sublethal effects of oil and a dispersant on intertidal
snail Littorina littorea . J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30:1789-92.
Lacaze. J. C. 1973. Influence of the illumination of a non-ionic
surfactant used for the dispersion of oil spills at sea. C. B. Acad.
Sc. Paris. 277:409—412 .
LaRoche, B.; Eisler. R.; and Traxwell, C. M. 1970. Bioassay
procedures for oil and oil dispersant toxicity evaluation. J. Water
Pollut. Control Fed. 42:1981-1989.
Lewis. J. B. 1971. Effect of crude oil and oil-spill dispersant on
reef corals. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2:59-62.
Maggi, P. 1972. Relative toxicity of seven oil-spill emulsifiers. Rev.
Tray. Inst. Peches Marit. 36(1):121-124.
McManus, D.A. and Connell. D. W. 1972. Toxicity of the oil dispersant
Corexit 7664 to certain Australian marine animals. Search. 3(6):222-4.
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—22—
Dispersants
Michel, P. 1972. Choice of products for use against the pollution of
the marine environment by oil spills. Efficiency of antipetroleum
products. Rev. Tray. Inst. Peches Marit. Mantes. 36(l):85-102.
Nelson-Smith, A. 1968. The effects of oil pollution and emulsifier
cleansing on shore life in southwest Britain. J. Appl. Ecology.
5:97—107.
Okubo, K.; Takita, Y.; and Sakuma, K. 1972. Study on oil dispersants;
the effect upon aquatic life and the emulsification property of nonionic
oil dipsersants. Bull. Tekaifleg. Fish. Res. Lab. 71:79-86.
Perkins, E. J.; Gribbon, E.; and Logan, J. W. 1973. Oil dispersant
toxicity. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 4(1):90-93.
Portmarin, J. E. and Coruior, P. M. 1968. The toxicity of several oil
spill removers to some species of fish and shellfish. Mar. Biol.
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Portmann, J. E. 1972. Toxicity-testing with particular reference to
oil-removing materials and heavy metals. M. Ruivo, ed. :217-222.
Rensoni, A. 1973. Influence of crude oil derivatives and dispersants
on larvae. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 4:9-13.
Ruel, M.; Ross, S. L.; Nagy, E.; and Sprague, J. B. 1973. Guidelines
on the use and acceptability of oil spill dispersants. Envir. Emergency
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Shelton, H. G. 1971. Effects of oil and oil dispersants on the marine
environment. Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser. B. 177:411-422 .
Soudan, F. 1972. Choice of products for use against the pollution of the
marine environment by oil spills: motive of the choice. Rev. Tray.
Inst. Peches Marit. Nantes. 36(l):81-83.
Spooner, M. F. 1971. Effects of oil and emulsifiers on marine life.
In: Water Poll by Oil. London. The Institue of Petroleum. P. Hepple,
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Sullivan, C. E. 1971. A comparative study of the effects of emulsifiers
BP 1002 and BP 1100 on three mud and sand species. Anon: 14-21.
Swedmark, M.; Grarimo, A.; and Kollberg, S. 1973. Effects of oil
dispersants and oil emulsions on marine animals. Water Res.
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—23-
Dispersants
Tarzwell, C. M. 1969. Standard methods for determination of relative
toxicity of oil dispersants and mixtures of dispersants and various
oils to aquatic organisms. Prevention and Control of Oil Spills.
American Petroleum Institute: 179- 186.
Tarzwell, C. M. 1971. Toxicity of oil and oil dispersant mixtures to
aquatic life. P. Hepple, ed. :163-272.
Wilson, K. W. 1972. Toxicity of oil-spill dispersants to embryos and
larvae of some marine fish. M. Ruivo, ed. :9-18.
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Effects - General
Adams, J. K. The relative harmful effects of light and heavy oils.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Arpino, B. 1973. Sea pollution by petroleum products. Recherche.
30(4):7 1—73.
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, B. 1973. Fate and effects of polluting
petroleum in the marine environment. Residue Reviews: Residues
of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment.
49:40-85.
Aubert, M. and Pesando, D. 1971. Telemdiateurs chimiques et
equiibre biologique ozeanique. 2. Nature chirnique de l’inhibiteur
de la synthese d’un antibiotique produit par une diatomee. Mar.
mt. Oceanogr. Red. 21:17-22.
Aubert, M.; Aubert, J.; and Gauthier, M. 1972. Le miieau mann et
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28:181—193. (French).
Aubert, M. ; Gauthier, M.; Connier, B.; Pesando, D.; Nincemin, 3. M.;
and Barelli, M. 1972. Effets des pollutions chimiques vis-a-vis de
telemediateurs intervenant dan l’ecologie microbiologique et plancto-
nique en milieu mann. Ibid . 28:129-166. (French).
Baker, J. M. 1970. Studies on salt-marsh communities, oil and
salt-marsh soil. The Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution on Littoral
Communities. Proceedings of a symposium of the Inst. of Petroleum
:62—7 1.
Baker, J. M. 1970. Studies on salt-marsh communities, seasonal effects.
Ibid . :44-51.
Baker, 3. M. 1970. Studies on salt-marsh communities, refinery effluent.
Ibid . :33—43.
Baker, J. M 1970. Studies on salt-marsh communities, the effects of
a single oil spillage. Thid . : 16-20.
Baker, J. M. 1970. Studies on salt-marsh communities, successive
spilages. Ibid . :21-32.
Baker, J. M. 1970. Studies on salt-marsh communities, growth stimulation
following oil pollution. Ibid . :72-77.
Baker, J. M. 1970. Zoological studies on shore communities, predictions
and recommendations. Ibid . :217-220.
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—25-
Effects - General
Baker, J. M. 1970 Studies on salt-marsh communities, comparative
toxicities of oils, oil fractions, and emulsifiers. Ibid . :78—87.
Blumer, M. and Thomas, D. W. 1965. “Zarnene,” isomeric C 19
mono-olefins from marine zooplankton, fishes and mammals.
Science. 148:370-371 .
Blumer, M. 1969. Oil pollution of the Oceans. Oceanus. 15(2):3-7.
Blunter, M.; Mullin, M. M.; and Guiflard, It. H. L. 1970. a poly-
unsaturated hydrocarbon (3,6, 9, 12, 15, 18-heneicosahexane) in the
marine food web. Mar. Biol. 6:226-235.
Blumer, M. 1971. Scientific aspects of the oil spill problem. Env.
Affairs. i(1):54—73.
Blunter, M.;Sanders, H.L.;Grassle, J.F.;andHampson, G.R. 1971.
A small oil spill. Environment. 13(2):2-12.
Blumer, M. 1972. Oil contamination and the living resources of the sea.
M. Ruivo, ed. :176-181.
Blunter, M; Blokker, P. C.; Cowell, E. B.; and Duckworth, D. F. 1972.
Petroleum. In: A Guide to Marine Pollution, E.G. Goldberg, ed.
Gordon and gThach, New York . Chapter 2:19-40.
Blumer, M. and Youngblood. w. W. 1975. Polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons in soils and recent sediments. Science. 188:53-55 .
Boehm, P. D. and Quinn, 3. G. 1974. The solubility behaviour of No. 2
fuel oil in sea water. Mar. Poll. Bull. 5(7):1O1-104.
Boesch, D. S. 1973. Biological effects of chronic oil pollution on
coastal ecosystems. NAS 11:303—318.
Boesch, D. S.; Hershner, C. H.; and Milgam, 3. H. 1974. Oil spills
and the marine environment. Ballinger Publishing Co. Cambridge.
Massachusetts.
Boswel l, J. L. 1950. Experiments to determine the effect of a
surface film of crude oil on the adsorption of atmospheric oxygen
by water. Texas A&M Research Foundation.
Butler, J. N. 1973. The occurrence and amount of pelagic tar in the
open ocean. NAS 11:375-399.
Butler, M. 3. A. and Berkes, F. 1972. Biological aspects of oil pollution
in the marine environment: a review. McGill University, Montreal.
Marine Sciences Centre. Manuscript Report No. 22.
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—26—
Effects - General
Carlberg, S. B. and Skarstedt, C. B. 1972. Determination of small
amounts of non-polar hydrocarbons (oils) in sea water. Journal Du
Conseil International Pour L T Exploration de la Mer. 34(3):506-515.
Carlberg. S. B. 1973. On the Baltic oil pollution problem. 2nd
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Effects - General
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Effects - General
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Effects - General
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Effects - General
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Effects - General
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Effects - Carcinogenicity
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Effects - General
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Effects - Case Histories
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Effects - Case Histories
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Effects - Organisms
Mironov, 0. G. and Aridreeva, S. U. 1973. The effects of oil pollution
on the development of some Black Sea infusoria. Biol. Nauki.
5:19—21.
Mironov, 0. G. 1974. Effects of oil pollution on the flora and fauna of
the Black Sea. Mar. Pollut. and Sea Life. M. Ruivo. ed. FJO,
Fish. News (books). Ltd. :202—203.
Mironov, 0. G. 1974. Oil pollution and life in the sea. Kiev. Nankova
Dumka. (In Russian).
Mommaerto-Billiet, F. 1973. Growth and toxicity tests on the marine
nano-planktonic alga Platymonas tetrathele G . S. West in the presence
of crude oil and emulsifiers. Environ. Pollut. 4:261-282.
Morris, H. J. 1973. Uptake and discharge of petroleum hydrocarbons
by barnacles. Mar. Po]lut. Bull. 4(7): 107- 109.
Nelson, J. D., Jr., McClarn, H. L; and Colwell, R. H. 1974. The ecology
of mercury resistant bacteria in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Technology
Society 8th Annual Conference.
Nelson-Smith, A. 1968. A classified bibliography of oil pollution. In:
The biological effects of oil pollution on littoral communities. Ea
byJ.D. CarthyandDr. Arthur: 165-196.
Nelson-Smith, A. 1971 Effects of oil on marine plants and animals.
E.B. Cowell: 173—291.
Nelson-Smith, A. 1971 Effects of oil on marine plants. Water Pollution
by Oil. London. The Institute of Petroleum. P. Hepple, ed. :273-280.
Oppenheimer, C. 1974. Hydrocarbons in sea water and organisms
(First draft of final report, Gulf Universities Research Consortium
for the Offshore Ecology Investigations) Project 0E73 HJN.
Ottway, S. 1971. Zoological studies on shore communities. The
comparative toxicities of crude oils. Proc. Symposium 30. 11
1. 12. 70, Zoolog. Soc. London. E. B. Cowell, ed. Inst. of
Petroleum: 172-180.
Renzoni, A. 1973. Influence of crude oil, derivatives and dispersants
on larvae. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 4( 1):7- 13.
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—52-
Effects - Organisms
Richards, T. L. 1970. The influence of petroleum fractions in the poly-
chaetuns annelid. Western Society of Naturalists Ainual. Meeting
51st Abstracts: 14—15.
Rigdon, B. H. and Neal, J. 1963. Absorption and excretion of benz
3, 4 pyrene in the cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) experientia. 19:
474-477.
Scaccini-Cicatelli, M. 1965. Study of phenomena of accumulation
of benzo 3, 4 pyrene in the organism Tubifex Boll. Pesca. Piscic.
Idrobiol. 20:245—250.
Scaccini, A.; Scaccini-Cicatelli, M.; Marani, F.; and Leonardi, V.
1970. Dosaggi spettrofo-tefluorime trici ed os s ervazioni mediante
microscopia a flourescenza del benzo 3,4 pyrene su organi e tessuti
di Carassius auratus . Note del Laboratorio di Biologia Marina e
Pes ca -Fano • Annes so ‘Instituto Zoologico deli’ Universita di
Scaccini-Cicatelli, M. 1973. L’Inquinamento da benzo 3, 4 pirene in
alcune aree dell’adriatico. Editrice Libraria Bonanzinga - Messina.
:573—581. Bologna. III(6):105-144.
Schiede, E.; Kuntzman, R.; and Conney, A. H. 1970. Stimulatory
effect of benzo(a) pyrene and phenobarbital pretreatment on the
billiary excretion of benzo(a) pyrene metabolites in the rat. Cancer
Research. 30:2892-2904.
Schramm, W. 1972. Investigations on the influence of oil pollution on
marine algae. I. The effect of crude-oil films on the CO gas
exchange outside the water. Mar. Biol. 14(3): 189- 198. 2
Schwarz, J. R.; Wa]ker, J. D.; and Colweii, BR. 1974. Growth of
deep-sea bacteria on hydrocarbons at ambient and in situ pressure.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology. 15:239-249.
Schwarz, J. D.; Walker, J. D.; and Colwell. B. R. 1975. Deep-sea
bacteria: growth and utilization of n-hexadecane at in situ temperature
and pressure. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 21(5):682-687. — ____
Schwarz, J. H. ; Walker, J. D.; and Coiwell, R. R. 1975. Deep-sea
bacteria: growth and utilization of n-hexadecane at in situ tempera-
ture and pressure. Submitted to Canadian Journal oTfflicrobiology.
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Effects - Org nisms
Sears, H. S. and Mechan, W. R. 1971. Residues in fish, wildlife, and
estuaries: short-term effects of 2, 4-D on aquatic organisms in the
Nakwasina River watershed, Southeastern Alaska. Reprint from
Pesticides Monitoring Journal. 5(2):213-217.
Straughan, D. 1973. The influence of the Santa Barbara oil spin on the
intertidal distribution of marine organisms. Report to the Western
Oil an Gas Association. :1-77.
Thomas, J. L. H. 1973. Effects of Bunker C oil on intertidal and
lagoonal biota in Chedabucto Bay. Nova Scotia. J. Fish. Res.
Board Canada. 30:83-90.
Vaughan, B. E., ed. 1973. Effects of oil and chemically dispersed oil
on selected marine biota - a laboratory study. The American
Petroleum Institute Committee on Environmental Affairs. API
Publication No. 4191.
Walker, J. D.; Seesman. P.A. and Coiwell, R. R. 1974. Effect of South
Loiusiana crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil on growth of heterotrophic micro-
organisms. including proteolytic. lipolytic, chitinolytic and cellulolytic
bacteria. Submitted to: Environmental Pollution.
Walker, J. D. and Coiwell, R. H. 1974. Factors affecting enumeration
and isolation of actinomycetes from Chesapeake Bay and Southeastern
Atlantic Ocean sediments. Submitted to: Marine Biology.
Walker, J. D. and Coiwell, R. R. 1974. Microbial ecology of petroleum
utilization in Chesapeake Bay. Contract No. N00014-69-A-0220-0006.
Walker, J. D. and Guarraia, L. J. 1974. Other factors determining
life expectancy of microorganisms in the marine environment.
International Symposium on Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls,
London. Paper No. 23.
Walker, J. D. and Coiwell, R. R. 1974. Some effects of petroleum on
estuarine and marine microorganisms. Submitted to: Canadian J.
of Microbiology.
Woodin, S. A.; Nyblaele. C. F.; and Chhia, F. S. 1972. Effect of
diesel oil spill on invertebrates. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 3:139- 14g.
Youngblood, W.; Blumer, M.; Guillard, H. L.; and Fiore, F. 1971.
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons in marine benthic algae.
Offprint from Marine Biology. International J. on Life in Oceans and
Coastal Waters. !(3):190—201s
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-54-
Effects - Organisms
Youngblood, W.; Blumer, M.; Guillard, R. L.; and Fiore, F. 1971.
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons in marine benthic algae.
Mar. Biol. 8:130-201.
Zitko, V. 1970. Determination of residual fuel oil contamination of
aquatic animals. Bull. Environ. Contam. and Toxicology.
5:559—564.
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—55-
Effects - Organisms (Crustacea )
Atema, J. and Stein, L. 1972. Sublethal effects of crude oil on lobster
( Homarus americanus ) behavior. Woods Hole, Mass., Oceanographic
Institution, Technical Report WHOI-7 2-74.
Cox, B. A. and Anderson, J. W. 1973. Some effects of No. 2 fuel oil
on the brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus . Reprint from: American
Zoologist. 13(4).
Davenport, J. 1973. A comparison of the effects of oil: B. P. 1100 and
oleophilic fluff upon the procellain crab Porcellana platychelas .
Chemosphere. 2:3-6.
Hargrave, B. T. and Newcombe. C. P. 1973. Crawling and respiration
as indices of sublethal effects of oil and dispersants on an intertidal
snail Littorina littorea . J. Fish. Res. Board Canada. 30: 1789-1792.
Howe, C. and Ottway, S. 1971. Some effects of crude oil, oil fractions
and products on the prawn Leander squilla . Citation No. 73-6TC-00374:
22—28.
Jacobson, S. M. and Boylan, D. B. 1973. Effect of seawater soluble
fraction of kerosene on chemotaxis in a marine snail, Nassarius
obsoletus . Nature. 241:213-215 .
Karinen, J. F. and Stanley, D. R • 1974. Effects of Prudhoe Bay crude
oil on molting tanner crabs, Chinoectes bairdi . Submitted to: Marine
Fisheries Review.
Katz, L. M. 1973. The effects of the water soluble fraction of crude oil
on larvae of the decapod crustacean Neopanope taxana (Sayi). Environ.
Pollut. 5(3): 19 9—204.
Kittredge, J. S. 1972. Effects of the water-soluble component of oil
pollution on chemoreception by crabs. U. S. Nat. Tech. Information
Service Government. Reports Ann. 72(9):88.
Tatem, H. E. and Anderson, J. W. 1973. The toxicity of four oils to
Palaemonetes pugio (Hoithuis) in relation to uptake and retention of
specific petroleum hydrocarbons. Reprint from: American Zoologist.
13(4):26 14.
Wells, P. G. 1972. Influence of Venezuelan crude oil on lobster larvae.
Mar. Pollut. Bull. 3(7):105—106.
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—56—
Effects - Oganisms (Fish )
Ackman, R.G.; Dale, J.; and Hingley. J. 1966. Deposition of dimethyl-
propionthetin in Atlantic cod during feeding experiments. J. Fish.
Res. Board of Canada. 23:487-489.
Ackman, R. G.; Hingley, J.; and Ray, A. W. Dimethyl-propiothetin
and dimethyl sulfide in Labrador Cod. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada.
24:457-461.
Blanton, W. G. and Robinson, M. C. 1973. Some acute effects of boiling
petroleum fractions on the cellular structures of fish gills under field
conditions. GSTJ :265-274.
Blumer, M. 1967. Hydrocarbons in the digestive tract and liver of a
basking shark. Science. 156:390-391 .
Brocksen, R. W. and Bailey, H. T. 1973. Respiratory responses of
juvenile chinook salmon and striped bass exposed to benzene, a
water-soluble component of crude oil. Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, American Petroleum Institute: 783-79 1,
Cardwell, R.A. Acute toxicity of No. 2 diesel oil to selected species of
marine invertebrates, marine sculpins, and juvenile salmon. Univer.
Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Michigan. Order No. 73-22:557.
Deshimaru, 0. 1971. Studies on the pollution of fish meat by mineral
oils- I. Deposition of crude oil in fish meat and its detection. Bull.
Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 37(4):297—301.
Deshimaru, 0. 1971. Studies on the pollution of fish meat by mineral
oils. II. Injury and pollution brought forth on fish by oil dispersers.
Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 37(4):302-306.
Dicks, B. 1973. Some effects of Kuwait crude oil on the limpet Patella
vulgate . Environmental Pollution. 5:219-229.
Falk, M. R. and Lawrence. M. J. 1973. Acute toxicity of petrochemical
drilling fluid components and wastes to fish. Canada Resource
Management Branch Tech. Report Series CEN T-73-1: 112.
Findlay. E. R. and Kotin, P. 1957. Squamous papilloma in the White
Croaker. Journal of the National Cancer rnstitute. 18:(6):857-860.
Grant, E. M. 1969. tiKeroseneff taint in sea mullet. Fisheries Notes.
3(1):2—13.
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—57—
Effects - Organisms (Fish )
Krishnaswami, S. K. and Kupchanko, E. E. 1969. Relationship between
odor of petroleum refinery wastewater and occurrence of “oily” taste-
flavor in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii . J. W. P. C. F. 4 1(5) part
2:169—189. —
Kuhnhold, W. W. The influence of crude oils on fish fry. In: Marine
Pollution and Sea Life. Mario Ruvio, ed. FAO. FishNews (books)
Ltd:3 15—3 17.
Kuhnhold, W. W. 1974. Investigation on the toxicity of seawater-extracts
of three crude oils on eggs of cod ( Gadus morhaul ) Ber. cit. Wiss.
Kommn. Meeresforsch. 23:165-180.
Lee, R. F.; Sauerheber, R.; and Dobbs, G. H. 1972. Uptake, metabolism
and discharge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine fish.
Mar. Biol. 17:201-208.
Lewis, R. W. 1971. Squalene distribution in fish with normal and
pathologically fatty livers. mt. J. Biochem. 2:609-6 14.
Mackie, P.R..; McGill, A. S.; and Hardy, R. 1972. Diesel oil
contamination of brown trout ( Salmo trutta L. ) Environ. Pollut.
3( 1): 9—16.
Mann, H. 1969. Geschrnacksbeeinflussungen bei fischen. Fette - Seffen -
Anstrichmittel. 12:1021-1024.
Matthews, J. E. and Myers, L. H. 1973. Static bioassay test of petroleum
refinery wastewaters using redear sunfish ( Lepomis Microlophys) .
Presented at Workshop on Pathological Effects of Chemicals on Aquatic
Organisms, Pensacola, Florida. May 8-9, 1973.
Meehan, W. R.; Norris, L.A.; and Sears, H. S. 1974. Toxicity of
various formulations of 2, 4-D to salmonids in Southeast Alaska. J.
Fish. Res. Board of Canada. 31(4):480-485.
Mironov, 0. G. 1969. The development of some Balck Sea fishes in sea
water polluted by petroleum products. Problems of Ichthyology.
9(1):919—922.
Mitchell, D. M. and Bennett, H. J. 1972. The susceptibility of bluegill
sunfish Lepomis macrochirus , and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
to emulsifiers and crude oil. Proc. La. Acad. Sci. 35:20-26.
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-58-
Effects - Organisms (Fish )
Moore, H. J. 1975. Summary report on effects of oil discharges,
domestic and industrial wastewaters on the fisheries of Lake
Maracaibo, Venezuela. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
Research Contract No. 212B00899.
Morrow, J. E. 1973. Oil-induced mortalities in juvenile coho and sock-
eye salmon. J. Mar. Res. 31(3):135-143.
Morrow, J. E. 1974. Effects of crude oil and some of its components on
young coho and sockeye salmon. Ecological Research Series. Office
of Res. and Dev. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
D. C. EPA-660-3-73—018.
Motohiro, T. 1962. Studies on the petroleum odour in canned chum
salmon. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido University: 2-65.
Motohiro, T. and Inoue, N. 1973. N-paraffins in polluted fish by crude
oil from tfJu lianatI wreck. Bull. Tac. Fish. Hokkaido University.
23(4): 204-208.
Pickering, Q. H. and Henderson, C. 1966. Acute toxicity of some
important petrochemicals to fish. J. Water Pollution. Control Fed.
38:1419—1429.
Quinn, J. G. and Wade, T. L. 1974. Hydrocarbon analyses of IDOE
intercalibration samples of cod liver oil and tuna meal. Marine
Memorandum Series No. 33. University of Rhode Island.
Rice, S. D. 1973. Toxicity and avoidance tests with Prudhoe Bay oil
and pink salmon fry. Reprint from Proceedings of the Joint Conference
on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills. Washington, D. C. American
Petroleum Institute, Environmental Protection Agency, and U. S. Coast
Guard: 667—670.
Shelton, R. G. J. 1971. Oil pollution and commercial fisheries in Britain.
In: Water Pollution by Oil. London. The Inst. of Petroleum.
P. Hepple, ed. :377-379.
Shipton, J.; Last, .1. H.; Murray. K. E.; and Vale, G. L. 1970. Studies
on Kerosene-like taint in mullet ( Mugil cephalus) . II. Chemical
nature of the volatile constituents. 3. Sci. Fed . Agri. 21433-436.
Sidhu, G.S.;Vale, G.L.;Shipton, J.;andMurray, K.E. 1972. A
kerosene-like taint in mullet ( Mugil cephalus) . Mar. Pollut. and Sea
Life. Ruivo, M., ed. FAO. Fishery Res. Div. London. Fishing
News (books). :546—550.
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—59-
Effects - Organisms (Fish )
Sprague. J. B. 1969. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish.
I. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity. Water Res. 3:793-829.
Zitko, V. and Tibbo. S. N. 1971 Fish kill caused by an intermediate
oil from coke ovens. Bull. of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology. 6(1):24-25.
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—60-
Effects - Organisms (Mollusks )
Anderson, J. W. 1973. “Uptake and depuration of specific hydrocarbons
from oil by the bivalves Eangia cuneata and Crassostrea virginica. ”
NAS 11:690-708.
Blumer, M.; Souza, G. and Sass, J. 1970. Hydrocarbon pollution of
edible shellfish by an oil spill. Mar. Biol. 5:195-202.
Cahmarin, H. J. and Kuratsune, M. 1957. Determination of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in oysters collected in polluted water. Anal.
Chem. 29(9):1312—1317.
Clark, R. C., Jr., and Finley, J. S. 1973. Paraffin hydrocarbon patterns
in petroleum polluted mussels. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 4:172-176.
Ehrhardt, M. 1972. Petroleum hydrocarbons in oysters from Galveston
Bay. Environ. Pollut. 3(4):257-271.
Farrington, J. W. and Quinn, J. G. 1973. Petroleum hydrocarbons in
Narragansett Bay I. Survey of hydrocarbons in sediments and clams
( Mercenaria mercenaria) . Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. J(1):71-79.
Fossato, V. U. and Siviero, E. 1974. Oil pollution monitoring in the
lagoon of Venice using the mussel Mytilus provincialis . Marine
Biology. 25:1-6.
Gilfillan, E. S. 1973. Effect of sea water extracts of crude oil on carbon
budgets of two species of mussel. Prevention and Control of Oil spills.
American Petroleum Institute. :691-695.
Jacobson, S. M. and Boylan, D. B. 1973. Effects of sea water soluble
fraction of kerosene on chemotoxin in a marine snail Nassarius
obsoletus . Nature. 241:213 -2 15.
Lee, R. F.; Sauerheber, H.; and Benson, A.A. 1972. Petroleum
hydrocarbons: uptake and discharge by the marine Mytilus edulis .
Science. 177:344-346 .
Stegeman, J. J and Teal, J. T. 1973. Accumulation, release and
retention of petroleum hydrocarbons by the oyster Crassostrea
virginica . Mar. Biol. 22:37-44.
Teal, J. and Stegeman, J. J. 1973. “Accumulation, release and
retention of petroleum hydrocarbons by the oyster Crassostrea
virginica. ” NAS 11:571-602.
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—61-
Effects - Organisms (Phytoplanktons )
Ande]man, J.B. andSeuss, M.J. 1967. Bilandesacidesgrasdu
plancton mann et pollution pane benzo 3, 4 pyrene. (Balance of
fatty acids in marine plankton and pollution by benzo 3,4 pyrene).
University of Paris. Faculty of Sciences.
DeCoursey, P. J. and Vernberg, W. B. 1974. The effect of dredging
in a polluted estuary on the physiology of larval zoopiankton.
Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research and
Dept. of Biology. Pergamon Press.
Gordon, D. C., Jr., and Prouse, N. J. 1973. The effects of three oils on
marine phytoplankton photosynthesis. Mar. Biol. 2294): 329-333.
Lacaze, J. C. 1969. Effects of “Torrey Canyon” type pollution on the
unicellular marine alga Phaeodactylurn tricornuturn . Rev. Intern.
Oceanogr. Med., XIII-XIV. :157-179.
Lacaze, J. C. 1973. Effects of three emulsifying agents against crude
oil on the primary productivity of an experimental community of benthic
diatoms. Vie Milieu, Vol. XXIII, Part 1, Series B. :51-67.
Lima-Zanghi, D. de. 1968. Bilan des acides gras du plancton mann et
pollution par le benzo 3, 4 pyrene. (Balance of fatty acids of marine
plankton and pollution by benzo 3,4 pyrerie). Cah. Oceanogr. 20:203-216.
Mailer, L. 1964. Recherche sur la pollution du plancton par les hydro-
carbures poiybenzeniques du type benzo 3, 4 pyrene dans l’estuaire
de la Rance. (Examination of the pollution of plankton by the polybenzic
hydrocarbons of the type benzo 3,4 pyrene in the Rance estuary). C. r.
Seanc. Soc. Biol. 158:2261—2262 .
Mallet, L. and Sardou, J. 1964. Recherche de la presence de l’hydro-
carbure poiybenzique benzo 3. 4 pyrene dans le milieu planctonique
de la region de la bale de villefranche (Alpes-Manitimes). Compt.
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Niaussat, P.; Mallet, L.; and Ottenwalder, J. 1969. Appearance of
benzo 3, 4 pyrene in several stocks of marine phytoplankton cultivated
in vitro . Eventual role of associated bacteria. C. r. bebd. Seanc.
Xcad. Sci., Ser. D., Paris. 268:1109—1112 .
Nuzzi, R. 1973. Effects of water soluble extracts of oil on phytoplankton.
API:809—813.
Nuzzi, R. 1973. Effects of water soluble extracts of oil on phytoplankton.
Montauk, New York. New York Ocean Science Laboratory. Statement
before the Senate Commerce Committee.
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Effects - Organisms (Phytoplankton )
Pincemm, J. M. Telemediateurs chimiques, et equilibre giogique oceanique
3 etude in vitro de relations entre populations phytoplanctoniques. Rev.
mt. oce iogr. Med. 22-23:165-196 .
Quigley, M. M. and Coiwell. R. R. 1968. Properties of bacteria isolated
from deep-sea sediments. J. of Bacteriology. American Soc. for Micro.
:211—220.
Thomas. J. P. 1971. Release of dissolved organic matter from natural
populations of marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol. 11:311-323.
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Sources - General
Badger. G. M. fl and Spotiswood. T. M. 1963. The formation of
aromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures. Part XVfl. Prolysis
of a (Premium grade) petroleum (at 700 degrees C). Australian J.
Chem. 16:392-400.
Borneff, J.; Selenka, M.IC; and Maximos, A. 1963. Experimental
studies on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in plants.
Environmental Research. !:21-29.
Brummage, K.G. 1973. “The sources of oil entering the sea.” WAS.
1:1—6.
Charter, D. B.; Sutherland, R. A.; and Porricelli, J. IL 1973. “Quanti-
tative estimates of petroleum in the oceans.” NASI:7-30.
Hallhagen, A. 1973. “Survey of present knowledge and discussion of
input of petroleum to the marine environment in Sweden.” NASI:39-49.
Feuerstein, D. L. 1973. “Input of petroleum to the marine environment 1 1 ’
WAS. 1:31—38.
Suess, M. 3. 1973. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon pollution of the
marine environment. WAS. 11:789-796.
ZoBell, C. E. 1971 Sources and biodegradation of carcinogenic hydro-
carbons. Proceedings. Joint Conference on Prevention and Control
of Oil Spills. Washington, I). C. API.
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Sources - Airborne
Duce, A.; Quinn, G.; and Wade, L. 1974. Residence time of non-methane
hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. Mar. Poll. Bull. 5(4):59-6 1.
McAuliffe, C. D. 1973. “Partitioning of hydrocaarbons between the
atmosphere and natural waters.” NAS. 1:280-290.
Puce. R.A. 1973. “Atmosphere hydrocarbons and their relation to the
marine pollution.” NAS. 11:416-430.
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—65—
Sources - Land-Based
Cooper, B. S.; Harris, R. C.; and Thompson, S. 1974. Land-derived
pollutant hydrocarbons. Mar. Poll. Bull. 5(1): 15-16.
Farrington. J. W. and Quinn, JG. 1973. Petroleum hydrocarbons
and fatty acids in wastewater effluents. J. Water Poll. Control
Federation. 45(4):704-7 12.
lanysheva , N. I. et al. 1963. Apropros of the content of 3, 4
benzopyrene in petroleum bitumen. Gig. I Sanit. 28:7 1-73.
Lijmsky, W. and Raha, C. R. 1961. Polycyclic hydrocarbons in
commercial solvents. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol. 3:469-473.
Masek, V. 1961. 3,4 Benzopyrene and our crude petroleum
fuel oil. Pracov. Lek. 13(7):363-366.
Mironova, A. I. 1959. Blastomogenic effects of products resulting
from the production of liquid fuel. Problems of Oncology. 5(5): 21-27.
Palmork, K. H.; Wilhelmsen, S.; and Neppelberg, T. 1968. Report
on the contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
to the marine environment from different industries. ICES CM 73/E:33.
Powell, N. A.; Sayce, C. A.; and Tufts, D. F. 1970. Hyperplasia in an
estuarine bryozoan attributable to coal tar derivatives. J. Fish.
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Young, P. H. 1964. Some effects of sewer effluent on marine life. Cal.
Fish and Game. 50:33.
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—66-
Sources - Marine
Barbier, M.; Idy, P.; Saliot, A.; and Tourres, D. 1973. Hydrocarobns
from sea water. Deep-sea Res. 20(4):305-314.
Johannes . H. E. and Webb, K. L. 1970. Release of dissolved organic
compounds by marine and fresh water invertebrates. 0cc. Pop. Inst.
Mar. Sd., Alaska. 1:257-273.
Wilson, R. D. 1973. “Estimate of annual input of petroleum to the marine
environment from natural marine seepage.” NAS. 1:59-96.
Wilson, R. D. 1973. “Estimate of annual input of petroleum to the marine
environment from offshore production operations.” NAS. 1:97- 110.
Wilson, R. D., et al. 1974. Natural marine oil seepage. Science.
184(4139):857—865.
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—67—
General
Alzieu, C. 1972. Choice of products for use against the pollution of the
marine environment by oil spills. III. Relative toxicity of anti-
petroleum products to two marine organisms. Rev. Tray. Inst.
Peches Marit. Nantes. 36(fl:103-119.
American Petroleum Institute. 1974. Environmental research: annual
report. Coordinating Research Council. :2-67.
Anon. 1970. Report of the Task Force - Operation Oil. Ministry of
Transport. Information Canada, Ottawa. 2:104.
Anon. 1971 Field Studies Council, Oil Pollution Research Unit, Orielton
Field Center. Annual Report. 46 pp.
Anon. 1975. Environmental studies as they relate to offshore petroleum
operations. Unpublished paper done by U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
Bestougeff, M.A. 1967. Petroleum hydrocarbons in fundamental aspects
of petroleum geochemistry. B. Nagy and U. Colombo, eds. New York.
Elsevier Pubi. Co.
Bonz, P. D. 1973. Fabric boom concept for containment and collection of
floating oil. Washington, D. C. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Res. and Dev. No. EPA-670/2-73-06.
Boyland, E. 1964. Polycydlic hydrocarbons. Brit. Med. Bull. 20121-126.
Butler, A. R. 1972. Oil pollution - carelessness or crime. U.S. Naval
Institute Proceedings. :52-57.
Clar, E. PoJ.ycyclic hydrocarbons. New York. Academic Press.
Currier, H. B. and Peoples, S. A. 1954. Phytotoxicity of hydrocarbons.
Hilgardia. 23:155—173.
Hedgepeth. J. W. 1973. The impact of impact studies. Helgolander
wiss. Meeresunters. 24:436-445.
Johannes, R.E. 1972. Coral reefs and pollution. M.Ruivo, ed. :364-375.
Krebs, C. T. and Valiela, I. 1974. Reduction of field populations of fiddler
crabs by uptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 5(9):
140-143. —
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General
Lawton, J. H. and McNeill, S. 1972. Pollution and world primary pro-
duction. Biol. Conserv. 4(5):329-334.
Muller, D. G. and Jaenicke, L. 1973. Fucoserraten, the female sex
attractant of Fucus serratus . (Phaeophyta) FEBS Lett. 30(1):137-139.
Nadeau, A.JandRoush, T.H. 1973. Asaltmarshmicrocosm: an
experimental unit for marine pollution studies. Prevention and
Control of Oil Spills. American Petroleum Institute: 67 1-683.
New York Ocean Science Laboratory. Proceedings of Offshore Drilling
Conference. Montauk, -New York, September 13, 1971.
Osterling, J. F. and Spano, L. 0. 1973. Waste paper used for the cleanup
of oil spills. Science. 181:775 .
Peres, J. M. and Bellan, 0. 1972. Apercu sur l’influence des pollutions
sur les peupleinents benthiques. M. Ruivo, ed. :382.
Todd, J. H.; Atema, J.; and Bry-ton, D. B. 1972. Chemical communication
in the sea. J. Mar. Techn. Soc. 6(4):54-56.
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Selected Bibliographies
Carter, N. M. 1972. Index and list of titles. Fish. Res. Board of
Canada. Miscellaneous Special Publication No. 18.
Marine Pollution Information Center. 1974. Marine pollution research
titles. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth,
Devon. Specimen Issue. 0(0).
Moulder, D. S. and Varley, A. 1971. A bibliography on marine and
estuarine oil pollution. The Laboratory of the Marine Biological
Association of the United Kingdom. Plymouth, Devon.
Science Information Services Department. 1974. Representative citations
for solubiity in water of light hydrocarbon fractions. Franklin Institute
Research Laboratories. EPA 86-01-22-205; FIRL 80G-C3710-01.
Science Information Services Department. 1974. Bibliography and abstracts
of effects of refined oil products on marine environments. Franklin
Institute Research Laboratories. EPA 68-01-2205; FuRL 80G-C3710-02.
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