PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON A BIOLOGICAL FILTER
by
Limnetics, Inc.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
for the
Environmental Protection Agency
Project No. 16080 - PTO
September 1971
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E.P.A. REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Water Quality Office,
E.P.A. and approved for publication. Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
A pilot horizontal biological filter similar to a trickling filter
was constructed on Jackson Creek near Lake Delavan, Wisconsin.
The filter consisted of a graded rock filter in three sections
of four feet wide by two feet high by six feet long. Water was
pumped through the filter with a retention time of seven minutes
for each section, or twenty—one minutes for the whole eighteen
feet of the filter.
Analyses were run before and after the filter. There was little
or no effect of the filter on the bacteria or chemical elements
tested which included the major nutrients. There was a sub-
stantial improvement in the B.O.D. and C.O.D. levels during the
daylight hours when the biological activity in the filter
improved the dissolved oxygen content of the water.
During the night there was no reduction of the B.O.D. and this
may have been because of the extremely low dissolved oxygen
content in the influent water (llmg/L).
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number
16080FT0, under the (partial) sponsorship of the Water Quality
Office, Environmental Protection Agency.
iii
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CONTENTS
Section Page
Conclusions 1
II Recornmendat ions 3
III Introduction 5
IV Methods 7
V The Biological Filter 9
Hydraulics
1) Physical Description 9
2) Filter Media 9
3) Porosity Measurement 10
4) Flow Through the Reactor 12
5) Weir Data 12
6) Weir Calibration Tests 13
7) Velocities and Retention Times 13
8) Reynolds Number Considerations 15
9) Conclusions 16
VI Hydrologic Background 17
1) Jackson Creek Watershed 17
2) Hydrological Measurements 17
3) Conclusions 19
VII Chemical and Bacteriological Data from 21
the Drainage Area
1) General 21
2) Water Chemistry Data 21
3) Bacteriological Data 22
VIII Evaluation of the Biological 25
Filter
1) General 25
2) Weekly Water Chemistry Data 26
3) Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 26
4) Weekly Bacteriological Data 27
5) Thirty-six Hour Bacteriological 27
Eva luat ion
6) Twenty-four Hour B.O.D. and C.O.D. 27
Reduction Evaluation
IX Acknowledgements 29
X References 36
XI Appendices 37
V
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FIGURES
No. Page
1 A Diagramatic Sketch of the Horizontal Biological Filter 7
2 Longitudinal Crossection of the Media and Discharge 8
3 The Experimental Station Shelter and Pump System 9
4 Rock Size and Porosity Configuration 10
5 Pumping and Control System 10
6 The Weir Dimensions 10
7 The Weir Calibration Curve 17
8 Jackson Creek Watershed 27
9 Water Chemistry Data Thirty—six Hour Evaluation 38
10 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 39
11 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 40
12 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 41
13 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 42
14 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 43
15 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 44
16 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 45
17 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 46
18 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 47
19 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 48
20 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 49
21 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 50
22 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 51
23 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 52
24 Water Chemistry Data Thirty—six Hour Evaluation 53
25 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 54
26 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 55
27 Twenty-four Hour B.0.D. and C.0.D. Reduction Evaluation 56
vi
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TABLES
No. Page
1 Section 1 Rock Sizes 57
2 Section 2 Rock Sizes 58
3 Section 3 Rock Sizes 59
4 Sharp Crested Rectangular Weir Discharge Measurement
Calibration 60
5 Hydrological Measurements Taken at Mound Road Bridge 61
6 Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek 62
7 Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek 63
8 Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek 64
9 Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek 65
10 Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek 66
11 Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek 67
12 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek 68
13 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek 69
14 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek 70
15 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek 71
16 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek 72
17 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek 73
18 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 74
19 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 75
20 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 76
21 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 77
22 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 78
vii
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TABLES (continued)
No. Page
23 Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge
24 Bacteriological Data from Stink Creek 80
25 Bacteriological Data from Jackson Creek 81
26 Bacteriological Data from Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 82
27 Bacteriological Data froi Jackson Creek at Mound
Road Bridge 83
28 Water Chemistry Data Weekly Evaluation 84
29 Water Chemistry Data Weekly Evaluation 85
30 Water Chemistry Data Weekly Evaluation 86
31 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 87
32 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 88
33 Water Chemistry Data Thirty—six Hour Evaluation 89
34 Water Chemistry Data Thirty—six Hour Evaluation, 90
35 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 91
36 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 92
37 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 93
38 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 94
39 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 95
40 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 96
41 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 97
42 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 98
43 Water Chemistry Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 99
44 Bacteriological Data Weekly Evaluation 100
45 Bacteriological Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 101
46 Bacteriological Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation 102
47 Twenty-four Hour B.0.D. and C.0.D. Reduction Evaluation 103
viii
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SECTION I
CONCLUS IONS
The water chemistry survey, both on a weekly basis for an eight
week period and an hourly basis for a 36 hour period, showed
little change between the input and output parameters. Similarly,
there was little change between the input and output of the bac-
teriological parameters.
The B.0.D. was considerably reduced and reductions of 30% - 40%
occurred but only during the daylight hours. The influent
water contained less than 1 mg/L of oxygen and B.0.D. reductions
at night could not be expected. However, during the day the
biological activity of the photosynthetic organisms on the
filter produced sufficient oxygen to raise the dissolved oxygen
content of the water and provide the excess necessary for the
“biological slime” on the rocks to reduce the B.0.D.
The primary advantage of the biological filter over other methods
of stream purification is that the capital costs are low and the
operating costs negligible.
Owing to time and budget restrictions, only limited data was
cnllected on the horizontal biological filter concept. The
optimum growth on the filter media occurred somewhat after the
tests on the filter. However, the evaluation program was
completed on a preliminary basis.
1
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SECTION II
RECOMMEN TIONS
Further evaluation of the horizontal biological filter
should be undertaken and the analysis evaluation should be
centered around the B.O.D. removal possibilities. Tests on
the filter should be designed so that the filter size, and
flow rate and retention times within the filter are thoroughly
investigated. Also, attention should be focused on the
diurnal and seasonal aspects and the type of biological
growth on the filter. Any future evaluation should also
include the use of influent water with a substantial amount
of dissolved oxygen present in the water and this could be
achieved by cascading the water Into the filter trough.
3
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SECTION III
I NTRODUCT ION
During the summer of 1968 Limnetics, Inc., was retained by
the Lake Delavan Fish and Game Association, Inc., to under-
take an environmental survey of Lake Delavan, Walworth County,
Wisconsin. The purpose of the survey was to ascertain the
probable causes of the eutrophication of Lake Delavan. The
report (Limnetics, Inc., 1968) was published in December,
1968, and several recommendations were made as to the causes
and possible remedies to the eutrophication of Lake Delavan.
Among the recommendations was a plan to form a sanitary dis-
trict to correct the local septic tank problem and also to
resolve the problems created by the inf lowing water which
contains both improperly treated sewage effluent and agri-
cultural run-off. The problem of the sewage effluent has
been partially resolved during the period of the study because
of the upgrading of the City of Elkhorn sewage treatment
plant.
However, despite various efforts to improve the inflow to
Lake Delavan the water quality was still too poor to aid or
allow any significant regeneration of the water quality of
Lake Delavan.
The Lake Delavan Fish and Game Association, Inc., then asked
Limnetics, Inc., to request a grant from the then Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration to research the
possibility of using a new technique to improve the water
quality of the inf lowing water. There were certain constraints
5
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on the mechanism to be used and these were:
1) Low capital costs.
2) Low operational costs.
3) Ability to handle high volumes of water.
4) The mechanism must be applicable on a national basis.
With these constraints in mind, Mr. Jose Villate, Sanitary
Engineer, with Limnetics, Inc., suggested that a horizontal
version of the trickling filter could be built situ in a
stream. From this concept a small pilot scale filter was
designed, (figures 1-6).
A grant was received from the Environmental Protection Agency
and the construction of a pilot scale horizontal biological
filter undertaken. Photographs of the filter are presented
in the appendices on page 104.
6
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Shelter See Note 3
See Note 4
1) Media Zones 1 thru 3 - See Fig. 2 For Detail
2) Space For Additional Media Zones
3) Experimental Station Shelter - See Fig. 1—C For Detail
4) Filter Discharge - See Fig. 1-B For Detail
FIGURE 1
Diagrammatic Sketch of the Biological. Filter
Media Zones See Note 1
See
120’
Notes:
Return to Stream
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MEDIA ZONE
2’ 2’ 2’
FILTER
DISCHARGE
a) a)
o o
4 )
U) U)
a)
0
4)
U)
(S4
F low ___ ___ ___
FIGURE 2
Return To Stream
Longitudinal Crossection of the Media and the Discharge
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Experimental Station
Shelter
Flow Control Valve
Constant Head Box
Work
Bench
4”
Concrete
Slab
S treazn
Screened
Inlet
Head Box Overflow To Stream
FIGURE 3
The Experimental Station. Shelter and Pump System .
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Poros ity
FIGURE 4
0.45 0.37
Rock Size and Porosity Configuration
-
FIGURE 5
Filter Compartment
Number One (1)
Pumping and Control System
H
___ L ij
FIGURE 6
10
Weir Dimensions
Size = 6 5/8” 4 3/8” I 5/8”
= 0.50
Constant Head Box
Control Weir
From
Creek
—. — —. I
Pump
4
Overflow
To Creek
___ ___ -
- - -F-’ow. —
/
/
/
/
/
/
J
/
/
/
/
/
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SECTION IV
METHODS
All of the methods used in this report come from Standard Methods,
12th Edition , with the following exceptions:
Oxygen and temperature were measured using a Yellow Springs In-
strunient Company oxygen-temperature meter. The pH was measured
with an Orion pH meter. Total phosphorus was measured according
to the method in the 13th Edition of Standard Methods . All metals
were run by atomic absorption. The bacteriological tests were
undertaken according to the 13th Edition of Standard Methods
using the millipore filter technique.
All results in the tables and figures are reported as milligrams
per litre of sample except pH which is reported as pH units,
temperature which is reported as degrees centigrade, and specific
conductance which is reported as micro mhos per square centimeter
at 20 degrees centigrade. Alkalinity is reported as milligrams
per litre as calcium carbonate and hardness was calculated from
the calcium and magnesium content and is reported as milligrams
per litre as calcium carbonate.
All of the tests were run on the filter with the flow rate ad-
justed to a retention time of 21 minutes in the 18 feet of rock
med i. a.
1].
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SECTION V
THE BIOLOGICAL FILTER - HYDRAULICS
1. Physical Description
The pilot biological filter consists of a wooden flume 100
feet long with provisions for nine rock compartments, each
consisting of three different sections. In the experiments
conducted during this reporting period, only three compartments
were used. A pump, constant head box, and control weir are
employed to maintain a constant flow of water through the filter.
The water is pumped up from Jackson Creek through an underground
pipe system and is returned to the creek through an above ground
pipe system. The filter is illustrated in figures 1-6.
2. Filter
The filter media are ordinary graded rocks as commonly used
in vertical trickling filter sewage treatment systems. Rock
compartments I, II, and III are identical in structure. Section
1 of rock compartment I through which the water flows first is
identical to section 1 of compartments II and III, etc. However,
sections 1, 2, and 3 of each rock compartment contain rocks of
different sizes which were intended to be six, four, and two
inch diameters, respectively. The actual rock sizes and shapes
were measured on a random sampling basis and the results are
given in tables 1, 2, and 3.
13
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A sunnnary of the data given in the tables indicates that the
rocks are essentially “egg” shaped with the short dimension
approximately 0.6 times the longer dimension. Assuming that
the longer dimension characterizes the rocks, then approxi-
mately average sizes can be assigned to the rocks as follows:
Section Number: 1 2 3
Rock Size: 6-1/2 inches 4-3/8 inches 1-5/8 inches
3. Porosity Mea8u.relnent
Porosity is a measurement of the void space within a porous
medium relative to the bulk volume. A few simple tests were
conducted on the graded rocks to determine the approximate por—
osities of the aggregated rock sections. In each case, a two
and one-half gallon (10 quart) container was filled with the
differently graded rocks and then filled up with water. The
ratio of the amount of water required to fill the container
divided by the container volume was used to characterize the
porosity, P, of each rock section. The results are given below:
Section Number: 1 2 3
Section Porosity: 0.50 0.45 0.37
A diagram of one rock ccmpartment illustrating the rock size,
porosity, and configuration is presented in figure 2.
14
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For porous media of different porosities in series, and of equal
length sections, an effective porosity of the entire compartment
can be determined from the harmonic mean, by equation (1)
below:
p
eff - N
N 1 (1)
1=1 1
eff - total effective
porosity of
compartment
- individual poros-
ities of each
section
3 3
eff ____________________ 6.95
1 • 1 __
0.50T 0.45 T0.37
eff 0.43
Therefore, each rock compartment can be represented as a
honiogeneousaggregaeeof rocks with an effective porosity
of 0.43. Consequently, each rock compartment when filled
with water to its top, will have a volume of water equal
to 0.43 times its bulk volume. Each rock compartment is
6’ x 4’ x 2’ or 48 ft 3 in bulk volume and contains
0.43 x 48 ft 3 = 20.64 ft 3 of water flowing through its pores
when filled to the top of the rocks (2 ft. high).
15
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4. Flow ThrouQh the Filter
The horizontal flow of water through the filter is accomplished
by maintaining a very slight pressure gradient between the
front and end sections of the filter. Water is continuously
pumped up from the creek and discharged into a constant head
box through a low velocity diffuser system to prevent turbulence
and encourage desiltation. Water is discharged from the con-
stant head box through a measurement and control weir. The
entire pumping and flow control system is illustrated in fugure 3.
5. Weir Data
For rectangular weirs with sharp crests, the discharge Q IS:
Q. CLNJ7 (2)
Q = discharge, ft 3 /sec
C = weir coefficient
L = width, ft
g = gray. accel., 32174 ft/sec 2
H = height of crest, ft.
= C (.5) NJ2(32.174) H 3
= \J64.248 H 3
8.02 3’2 3
= CH’ ft/sec
= 20 C H3/2 gallon/sec
Cave found to be = 0.55 by calibration (figure 5).
Q 1]. H gallons/sec.
16
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X = Measured Discharge
= Calculated Discharge
A’
Q = 11 H /2 Gallons/Sec.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
H (WATER CREST HEIGHT) INCHES
Figure 7 The Weir Calibration Curve
0.8
0.7
z
0
0
U)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
x
0
17
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6. Weir Calibration Tests
Calibration tests were run on the weir by adjusting the pump
control valve for various crest heights (H) and then recording
the time for the discharged flow over the weir to fill a two and
one—half gallon container. The results are tabulated in table 4
and illustrated in figure 5.
7. Velocities and Retention Times
Each rock compartment is six feet long (see figure 1) and the
distance between each rock compartment is also six feet. The
cross sectional area of the rock compartment is 4 ft x 2 ft =
8 ft 2 . but the rocks reduce the available flow area by the
average porosity. Therefore, the effective flow area is equal
to 2
Aeff = P x area = .43 x 8 ft 2 = 3.45 ft 2 (4)
Assume a flow adjustment of H = 1.25 inches:
Q = 11 H3”2 gallons/sec
= .365 gallons/sec
= 31 5OO gallons/day
Q = .049 ft 3 /sec
V =Q/A
18
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In open channel spaces between compartments where A = 8 ft 2 :
= Q49 ft 3 /sec
oc 8ft 2
= .0061 ft/sec
In the rock compartments where the effective area is restricted
to 3.45 ft 2 :
. 049 ft 3 /sec
VRC 3.45 ft 2
= .0142 ft/sec
Time to flow through one rock compartment:
T — length (6 ft )
RC — velocity (.0142 ft/sec)
= 420 seconds = 7 minutes.
and total retention time = 3 x 7 = 21 minutes,
but total travel time includes open channel flow:
T _6ft
CC .0061 ft/sec
= 980 seconds
= 16.3 minutes
time to travel through entire filter = t - to =
to
= 3 x 7 minutes + 2 x 16.3 minutes
= 21 + 32.6 = 53.6 minutes
t
-p
19
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but time to travel entire filter (100 ft) =AT
AT = 21 minutes + 0 ft/sec
= 21 minutes + 224 minutes = 245 minutes
4 hours
8. Reynolds Number Considerations
The Reynolds number for the filter flow is defined below:
VD
R_),,. ()
V velocity, ft/sec
D = rock diameter, ft
y= kinematic water viscosity, ft 2 /sec
For water at 60°F.,’V = 1.217 x 1O ft 2 /sec. Therefore, for
rock diameters of four inches average, and rock compartment
velocities as previously computed:
— ( 6.1 x 1O ft/se& (.33 ft )
1.217 x 10 ft /sec
R 2OiL 165
1.217 ___
For applications of the linear Darcy Flow equation, R should
not be greater than 10. Consequently, this Reynolds number is
too high for Darcy’s equation to be applied for the filter
flow. The maximum flow rate can be computed which would allow
applying the Darcy equation for describing the filter flow.
20
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Assuming a generous critical Reynolds number of 10, then:
V critical = ( R critical) (Y ) (6)
= ( 10) (1.217 x l0 ft 2 /sec )
.33ft -
= 121.7 x 10 x 10 ft/sec
.33 ft _________________
This velocity would correspond with a flow rate Q of approxi-
mately 800 gallons/day through the pilot filter, which is not
practicaip since it is too small for consideration.
9. Conclusion
The flow in the filter can possibly be described by modified
open channel flow equations or by one of the high velocity
corrections to Darcy’s equation. Lindquist (1933) carried
out many experiments on this subject and concluded that for
Reynolds numbers between four and 180, a modified equation
could be used:
RF=aR+ b
where F = a flow friction factor
a = 40
b = 2500
Further work into applying the above equation, or some other
high velocity correction for porous media flow, should be
performed during a second year program to further evaluate
the hydraulics of the filter.
21
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SECTION VI
HY]POLOGIC BACKGROUND
1. Jackson Creek Watershed
Jackson Creek is located in Wal iorth County in the south-
eastern corner of Wisconsin. This creek drains a watershed of
approximately 20 square miles or 12,800 acres and provides the
major flow into Lake Delavan, an 1800 acre residential and
recreational lake. The outf low of Lake Delavan enters into
Turtle Creek which eventually is tributary to the Rock River.
Lake Delavan has become eutrophied due to local septic tank
drainage, sewage effluents and agricultural run—off drained by
Jackson Creek. Accordingly, the research performed on the
feasibility of improving the water quality of Jackson Creek is
appropriate. In addition, the Jackson Creek—Lake Delavan water
quality improvement feasibility study should act as a pilot
study for many other localities with similar problems.
2. Hydrological Measurements
Discharge measurements and stream height gauging of Jackson Creek
were performed during this program over the period September 27,
1970 to July 28, 1971. Measurements were not made from December
through April due to the stream being frozen over.
The discharge measurements were calculated by the Velocity-Area
method with the use of a Price Current Meter (AA type). A
minimum flow velocity of 0.07 ft/sec. or approximately 4 mgd
22
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discharge could be detected. All flow measurements were taken
from the Mound Road Bridge (Downstream side). This bridge is
about 100 ft. from the Pilot Filter. Depth measurements were taken
with standard staff gage which had divisions to the nearest one
hundredth of a foot.
Reference to Table 5 indicates that the range of discharges for
Jackson Creek was from less than 4 million gallons per day (mgd)
to a high of 20.2 mgd which occurred on September 27, 1970 when
the total rainfall during the previous three day period was about
2 inches. The precipitation was not observed at the Mound Road
site, but at the nearest official Weather Bureau Service Station
at Lake Geneva which is about 5 miles southeast.
A gage ht.-discharge curve to calculate annual discharge could
not be constructed since the current meter could only measure to
0.07 ft./sec. and on numerous occasions (as indicated in Table 5
for s 4.O mgd flow) the velocities were below this figure. Also,
it was determined that the Mound Road site should have a better
control downstream so that the velocities would always stay above
0.07 ft./sec.
The Delavan Lake level readings correlated with the gage readings
at Mound Road. The lake readings (in inches) are reference to
a 0 datum which is the summer level; the extreme is the winter
level which is -9 inches or 9 inches below summer level. As can
be seen from Table 5, this occurred on November 29, 1970.
23
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The gates at the dam which is at the outlet of Lake Delavan are
opened and closed accordingly to maintain the summer or winter
levels.
3. Conclusions
The hydrological measurements, although very limited, indicate
that an average annual discharge in Jackson Creek is between 4 mgd
and 20 mgd. Wisconsin streams have an average discharge of
approximately .5 mgd per square mile of drainage. Based on this
average value, Jackson Creek should have an average discharge of
10 mgd which appears high. In addition, average discharge values
are not meaningful for a full scale filter design since the actual
discharge is usually below this value for dry weather and can
greatly exceed this value during peak flows after rains.
Based on the very limited hydrological measurements taken to
date, it would seem appropriate to plan a full scale filter
capable of treating approximately 5 to 15 mgd normal flow.
Allowances should be incorporated into the design to by-pass peak
flows around the filter which exceed 15 mgd. The capacities for
stream treatment by horizontal filters as discussed above are
definitely feasible, but much more peak flow information is needed.
As can be seen from the above discussion of results, much more
is to be done and improved upon in the study of the hydraulic-
hydrologic aspects of Jackson Creek. During the second year of
24
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the project, a continuous monitoring of precipitation and depth
at the discharge measurement site should be performed. Also a
control weir should be constructed downstream to get more reli-
able discharge data. If this were done, a gage ht.-discharge
curve could be constructed and annual discharge could be reliably
calculated. Also, a water budget study utilizing the hydrologic
equation (Inflow=Outflow+A Storage) should be carried out.
Finally, a complete mapping of Jackson Creek should be done to
measure its width, depth and slope in order to determine possible
backwater effects.
25
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SECTION VII
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE DRAINAGE AREA
1. General
The drainage basin, Jackson Creek Watershed, figure 8, to
Lake Delavan contains two main creeks, Jackson Creek and Stink
Creek. Jackson Creek receives primarily agricultural drainage
from pasture land although some sewage effluent fran the Walworth
County Institutions sewage plant also enters the creek. Stink
Creek, which is tributary to Jackson Creek, consists primarily of
sewage effluent from the City of Elkhorn and some agricultural
drainage from arable land.
During the construction period of the pilot horizontal biological
filter, samples were taken at three sites, Stink Creek #1, Jackson
Creek #2, and Jackson Creek at Mound Road Bridge #3, (figure 6).
The samples were tested f or water chemistry parameters and
bacteriological quality to establish the natural variation and
provide background data for the experiments.
2. Water Chemistry Data
The water chemistry data are shown in tables 6 through 11 for
Stink Creek, tables 12 through 17 for Jackson Creek, and tables
18 through 23 for Jackson Creek at Mound Road Bridge.
26
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FIGURE 8
.4;
I
JACKSON CREEK WATERSHEAD
EL K HORN
I I I
0 I 2
MILES
SEWAGE
Jackson Creek
NO.3
I
_________ J I1
.1
(/
fl ”
27
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The approximately weekly samples show a considerable variability
in the Individual water parameters from week to week. Much of
the variation in the water chemistry parameters can probably be
attributed to the variation in rainfall since the flow in the
creek is highly dependent upon recent rain.
Stink Creek which primarily carries sewage effluent, especially
during dry periods, and storm water overflow from combined sewers
during wet periods, tends to be higher in nitrogen, phosphorus,
sodium and potassium. The differences in the character of the
waters from Stink Creek and Jackson Creek are a reflection of
their different origins. The phosphorus content of the water at
Mound Road Bridge is high and undoubtedly contributes to the
eutrophication of Lake Delavan when the creek is flowing.
3. Bacteriological Data
Samples for bacteriological testing were taken at the same time
as the water chemistry samples. The data are shown in table 24
for Stink Creek, table 25 for Jackson Creek, and tables 26 and 27
for Jackson Creek at Mound Road Bridge. The data from Jackson
Creek show few total coliforms, feäal coliforxns, fecal streptococci,
or Pseudomonas during most of the sampling period, although on six
of the occasions, there were over 1,000 coliforms/100 mis.
The Stink Creek samples showed very high figures for all bacteria
with the coliform bacteria numbering several thousands/100 mis.
28
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until 23 March, 1971, when the numbers dropped from the thousands
to the hundreds. The cause of the reduction in the bacteria
appeared to be the new chlorination unit which went on stream
during March. The samples from Jackson Creek at the Mound Road
Bridge essentially reflect the influence of Stink Creek.
29
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SECTION VIII
EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL FILTER
1. General
The construction of the filter was completed in late March, 1971, and
the first tests on the hydraulic characteristics were run, in-
cluding the measurement of flow rates. The rock media were
seeded with algae and micro invertebrates from nearby temporary
pools and with rocks from the trickling filter at the City of
Elkhorn sewage treatment plant.
The growth of the various slimes and attached flora and fauna
on the rock media was slow in the initial stages, but increased
considerably when the temperature warmed up in early May.
The growth on the filter was judged to be sufficient by
mid—May to start the first phase of the evaluation program.
The program was to be split into five sections:
a. Water chemistry evaluation
b. Bacteriological evaluation
c. B.O.D. reduction evaluation
d. Effect of flow rates on B.O.D. reduction
e. Analysis of the flora and fauna of the filter media
Only the first three phases of the evaluation program were
started.
31
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2. Weekly Water Chemistry Data
Samples were taken from the filter on an approximately weekly
basis at the intake and at the discharge. The samples were
analyzed for various water chemistry parameters and the results
show in tables 28, 29, and 30.
The results showed no consistent patterns in the parameters
measured during the eight week period investigated. Both
decreases and increases were seen in the suspended solids. The
decreases were attributed to the settling out of solids in the
constant head box and the increases to the sloughing off of
the biological growth from the rocks.
The weekly evaluation period appears to be much too long in view
of the natural variability of the creeks from which the filter
was fed.
3. Water Chemistry Thirty-six Hour Evaluati i
Samples were taken each hour for 36 hours to provide an
evaluation of the filter with a lower input variability. However,
inspection of the results, tables 31 through 43 and figures 9
through 27, show that for many of the parameters such as ammonia
and dissolved solids, the natural variability of the input was
still high even on an hourly sampling basis.
32
-------
Some parameters which one would expect to be conservative
elements such as sodium, chloride, and sulphate also show high
variabilities. A few parameters such as potassium, iron, and
magnesium showed a more limited variability than other parameters.
Comparison of the input and output figures show that there is
little effect of the filter on the quality of the output water.
4. Weekly Bacteriological Data
The weekly bacteriological data are shown in table 44 for the
period 23 March to 13 May, 1971 • The input and output waters of
the filter show essentially no change in total coliform, fecal
coliform, fecal streptococci, or Pseudomonas sp•
5. Bacteriological Data Thirty-six Hour Evaluation
During the period when the water chemistry samples were collected,
bacteriological samples were also collected and analyzed. The
results of the bacteriological analyses are shown in tables
45 and 46. The results show that, like the weekly evaluation
data, there was almost no effect of the filter on the bacterial
populations.
6. Twenty-four Hour B.O.D. and C.O.D. Reduction Evaluation
Table 47 shows the results of a 24 hour evaluation of the filter
on 7 September and 8 September. Samples of the influent and
33
-------
effluent were tested each hour for dissolved oxygen, biochemical
oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. During the 24 hour
period there was less than 1 mg/L of dissolved oxygen present in
the influent water. After passage through the filter the dissolved
oxygen content of the effluent increased to a maximum of 7mg/L
during the daylight hours.
The B.O.D. was reduced significantly during the daylight hours.
At 2:00 p.m. there was a reduction of B.O.D. by 50% which is the
maximum for the period. Generally, the reduction was in the
order of 20% to 30%.
Residual B.O.D. from sewage treatment plants is the most difficult
to remove and the results show that a significant percentage of
this residual B.0.D. can be removed when the conditions are right.
The efficiency of the removal may have been better had the
stream contained more oxygen. Also, improvement in the
efficiency may have resulted from different flow rates and
retention times in the filter.
The information provided by a single survey must be considered
preliminary but the results are encouraging.
34
-------
SECTION IX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following organizations participated in the funding of
this program:
Environmental Protection Agency 90.59%
Lake Delavan Fish and Game Association 5.54%
Limnetics, Inc. would like to extend its sincere thanks to
Mr. Ralph Christensen, the project administrator, Environmental
Protection Agency, Chicago, Illinois, and the Lake Delavan Fish
and Game Association, Inc. Special thanks go to Mr. Kurt Mauritz
on whose land the pilot filter was built.
Dr. D.G. Frey and Dr. G.F. Lee provided valuable criticism and
suggestions.
The Limnetics, Inc. personnel who participated in this project
include Jose Villate, Sanitary Engineer; Neil Johansen, Chemist;
David Lange, Chemist; Dick Meir, Chemist; Loretta Kinunet, Chemist;
Dick Wehland, Bacteriologist; Ronald Krupinski, Environmental
Engineer, Dick Wamser, Environmental Engineer; Brian Gallagher,
Water Resources Engineer; Rodney Harmsworth, Liinnologist.
35
-------
SECTION X
REFERENCES
Lake Delavan Limno].ogical Survey
1 July through 31 December, 1968.
Limnetics, Inc., 1969 pp. 71 .
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
12th ed. A.P.H.A. Inc., New York, 1965, pp. 433.
13th ed., 1971, pp. 874.
A.E. Scheidegger, 1957 Physics of Flow through Porous Media.
V.L. Streeter, 1961. Handbook of Fluid Dynamics.
American Chemical Society, 1970. Flow through Porous Media.
36
-------
SECTION XI
APPENDICES
Page No .
A. Water Chemistry Data Figures 38
B. Biological Filter Media Rock Sizes Tables 57
C. Weir Discharge Measurement Calibration Table 60
D. Hydrological Measurements Table 61
E. Water Chemistry Data Tables 62
1) Stink Creek 62
2) Jackson Creek 68
3) Jackson Creek at Mound Road Bridge 74
F. Bacteriological Data Tables 80
1) Stink Creek 80
2) Jackson Creek 81
3) Jackson Creek at Mound Road Bridge 82
G. Biological Filter Evaluation 84
1) Water Chemistry Data Weekly Evaluation 84
2) Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation 87
3) Bacteriological Data Weekly Evaluation 100
4) Bacteriological Data Weekly 36 Hour
Evaluation 101
5) 24 Hour B.O.D. and C.O.D. Reduction
Evaluation 103
H. Photographs of the Biological Filter 104
37
-------
1.20
Z FIGURE9
I
4 •QU —
‘ :°
2.00
z 1.80
.200
z
.000
1.200.
z -
.800
iJE .40O -
— •1 — — — _ i — —
lOAN 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM 7PM 8PM 9PM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent Effluent - - - -
-------
1.20
V
Water Chemistry
Influent
Data 36 Hour Evaluation
— Effluent
I ’
FIGURE 10
/
S
/
/
——
.80
.40
0
1.60
1.20.
• B0
• 40
• 600.
• 4 0a
• 20G
- ‘ - ‘I ’
‘U
.- i-I
z
0 . - I
‘I
0
( . 4
z
-I
I i
.4) ’
--I
z
( . 4
z
w
1
z
/
— — ,/I
1.200
.800
.400
10 Pm 11 Pm 12 An 1 Am 2 Am 3 Am 4 Am 5 Am 6 Am 7 Am 8 Am 9 Am
-------
N
z
•11 —
N
z
1 • 20
• sc
• 40.
0.
U- ..
.11
z
.200
.000
N
zi
4,—
• 14
z
• 200
.800,
.400
SAA
S WWW
/
/
‘I
‘I
/
ió’ Am 11 ‘Am. 12’ Pm 1 Pm
FIGURE
/ \
\
Pm 3’Pm 4Pm
SPm 6Pm lPm
/
8Pm 9Pm
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influerit ______ Effluent
0
‘4
/
/
/
/
/
-------
10’ Am 11 ‘Am ii Pm
Figure 12
- - - -
1 Pm 2 Pm 3 • Pm 4 Pm
5’Pm 6’Pin 7Pm
8Pm 9Pm
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent Effluent
2.60
2.20
$ 4 - I
1.80.
1.40,
2. 6Q
2 • 20
‘I
U
1.80
I C
0. IAI%
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.6
4’
° 260.
.4 -
250 ..
A
-------
FIGURE 13
T T
I—--
10Pm 11Pm 12Pm lain
7Am 8Am
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
a
0
2.60.
2 • 20.
1.80.
1.40.
2.40.
2.20.
1.80.
1 • 40
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.6
t rn 27 °
1.
‘° 260.
a
250.
A
— I - V
2Am 3Am 4Am 5Am 6Am
9Aa
-------
2.20
1.80
1.40
1 nfl
2.60
2.20.
1.80.
- FIGURE 14 ———— —
—— -
4 J
0
/
/
.. 4 .-4
/
4:
280-
/
10 tn 11 Am 1 Am 1’ Pin
2Pm 3’Pn
* — — — — —
4’ Pm 5’Pm 6’Pm 7’ Pm 8’ P in 9’ Pm
Water Chemistry Data 36 HOur Evaluation
Influer it Effluent
L
0
4. 1
0
Ii
8.
—
— —
— — — — — — — — —
8..
N
7..
N
7
300.
290-
---
270..
-------
1100 FIGURE 15
V
900
700 ____T. T.
;Ju -
60
-I
0 — —
cl — —
40 — — —. —. —.
a3 ———-—
————
1000
— — — —.
P :::
400,
60
0 1 Mn 11’&n 1 Pm 1’Pm 2 T Pm 3’Pm 4Pm 5 Pm 6Pm 7Pm BPm 9Pm
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
-------
FIGURE 16
) 1200.
V
-l
‘-4
0
U) 1000.
j 800
nn
V
-.4
‘-4
0
U)
U)
1
- 4
U). 20
n
V
-4
-4
0
U)
-4
0
. 4
60
40 .
20
0
1200
1000
800
600
6G
-
——
__6”
- - - - — — — — S — —
10’ Pm 11’ Pin 1 Pm 1 ‘Am 2’ Am 3’ Am 4 Am 5 Am 6 Am
S — — — —
- - - -
lAm Ø’Am
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour
Influent Effluent
Evaluation
—
(‘ I
----—
S_
-------
1000 FIGURE 17
600
400
6O
a
‘ 40 —
U) ——
20 — — — — — — — — — — — —- — — — -— — — — — —
14U )
t .
m
V
1000
o — —
—- -— TTT
400
• 60 •
0 • _________ I I
lOAM 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM 7PM 8PM 9PM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
-------
i::: FIG E 18
15
-4
12
ii 8
m — — a S — — — —. — — — — —.
0 —
220-
V ——— — — — —,
V • — — — — — —
..l•.4180• —
lOAM 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM 7PM 8PM 9PM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
-------
1050 FIGURE 19
750 .
21 ’ ,_
— — — _ —
0 /
19 /
4 — —-—— —- — —-— — — ———-—--—-— — — —— — — — - -. —
0
220 — — — — — — —
10PM 11PM 12AM lAM 2AM 3AM 4AM SAM 6AM 7AM BAN 9AM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
-------
FIGURE 20
— — — — —
— .
•%% — — — — — —
— S —
_\
-
— — —. a — a — — — —
.
220
I —
,
.
180
—.-..
,
/
I
—
140
1f I•
J I I
10AM 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM 7PM 8PM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
9 PM
1150
1050
950
850
—-.
27
23
19
N
0
‘0
‘-4
0
w
• 11
0
V .—
.,.4 1-4
II s....
0
- 4
0
a w
-------
—- ‘.---
-.
———
FIGURE 21
— — —— — ————— ——
&
- ---- - - ------ —
4
2’
0•
- I
1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM 7PM 8PM 9PM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Irifluent ______ Effluent
120
100
‘-4 ...‘
u — 80
0
120
80
., .-
o.
40
p .
lOAM 11AM 12PM
—————
-------
120
100
80
1%
FIGURE 22
uu.
120
• a
80
•.. ‘
oi
40
a
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hoi.zr Evaluation
Influerit ______ Effluent
U i
I
S.
10’ PM 11 ‘PM 12’AM
lAM 2AM 3AM 4AM SAM 6AM
— — —
•1
7AM 8AM 9AM
-------
FIGURE 23
—
— ‘-. .
—
120 -
60
6 a — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
E —-————-—•—— —-- - ___________________________
4
P. 2
120
d eo.
:L T m _
lOAM 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM 7PM 8PM ‘9PM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
-------
FIGURE 24
60
r 2 °
0
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
340
— 300
m
260.
220
•r4
U
—
U
60
40
20
0
““ - -
7PM 8PM 9PM
1OAIt hAil 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5PM 6PM
-------
FIGURE 25
220
20 ___ ________________
10PM 11PM 12AM lAM 2AM 3AM 4AM SAM 6AM 7AM 8AM 9AM
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
-------
FIGURE 26
300
————— —————---
o 20 — — — — ——
- . - -.u-
0. — -
60.
- -— —— — — — ——-
l 4 40
V
20 -
0• 10’A11 lfAl4 12’PM 1’PM 2’PM 3’PM 4’PM S’PM 6’PM 7PM 8P14 9’Pfl
Water Chemistry Data 36 Hour Evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent -
-------
F
.1
FIGURE 27
J J I I I P I I I I I V 11 V I I . 1 I I I I I -,
6PM 8PM 10PM 12AM 2AM 4AM 6AM 8AM lOAM 12PM 2PM 4PM 6PM 8PM
Influent —
Effluent
Twenty four hour B.O.D. and C.OPD. reduction evaluation
Influent ______ Effluent
• 1-4
o
•1
7,,
70.
60-
50-
40-
30•
20-
10
25
20
15
10.
5.
U,
C .,
j
,
-I
-I
—— — —I
— —
-------
TABLE 1
SECTION 1 ROCK SIZES
SAMPLE
NUMBER
L
(longest dim)
INCHES
S (shortest dim)
INCHES
1
7.0
4.0
2
5.5
4.5
3
9.0
5.5
4
7.5
3.0
5
6.0
4.5
6
6.5
4.0
7
5.5
4.0
8
5.5
2.0
9
5.0
5.0
10
7.0
3.5
AVERAGE
SIZE
6.45
4.0
AVERAGE SIZE RATIO S/L = 0.62
57
-------
TABLE 2
SECTION 2 ROCK SIZES
SAMPLE L (longest dim) S (shortest dim)
NUMBER INCHES INCHES
1 3.0 2.5
2 3.5 2.75
3 5.0 2.6
4 4.0 2.75
5 4.5 3.0
6 4.5 2.0
7 4.1 2.6
8 5.5 4.0
9 5.0 2.5
10 4.5 2.5
AVERAGE 4.36 2.72
SIZE
AVERAGE SIZE RATIO 51 L = 0.62
58
-------
TABLE 3
SECTION 3 ROCK SIZES
SAMPLE L (longest dim) S (shortest dim)
NUMBER INCHES INCHES
1 1.5 1.25
2 2.25 1.5
3 1.75 1.0
4 2.0 1.0
5 1.5 0.8
6 1.5 1.0
7 1.5 1.0
8 1.5 0.6
9 1.25 0.6
10 1.8 1.0
AVERAGE
SIZE 1.65 0.93
AVERAGE SIZE RATIO S/L = 0.56
59
-------
TABLE 4
SHARP CRESTED RECTANGULAR WEIR
DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT CALIBRATIONt
Weir Crest Ave.Time to
Height fill 2½ gal.
(inches) container (sec.)**
H T
Discharge Discharge
(gal.per second) (gal.per day)
Q Q
.45
29
.086
7,430
.70
18
.139
12,010
1.00
11
.227
19,613
1.10
8
.313
27,043
1.25
6.5
.385
33,264
1.35
6
.416
35,942
1.50
5
.500
43,200
1.65
4.5
.555
47,952
1.75
4
.625
54,000
1.80
3.5
.715
61,776
Maximum flow corresponds
to Maximum H =
1.80 inches
theref ore Q maximum = 0.715 gal/sec.
61,776 ga1s/da’
t 0n May 16, 1971
**Based on 3 trials
60
-------
TABLE 5
Hydrological Measurements Taken At Mound Rd. Bridge
Flow
Date (mgd)
Gage
Ht.(ft.)
Lake
Level (in.)
Precip.
(j ,)**
Dam
Status
1.
Sept. 27, 1970
20.2
3.89
—3.00
2.09
4
gates open
2.
Oct.
10, 1970
.4.0
4.22
—5.25
0.25
0
gates open
3.
Oct.
18, 1970
<4.0
4.28
—6.00
0
0
gates open
4.
Oct.
30, 1970
11.5
4.12
—6.00
1.18
3
gates open
5.
Nov.
6, 1970
6.2
4.32
—8.75
0.37
1
gate open
6.
Nov.
15, 1970
5.4
4.40
-7.00
Trace
1
gate open
7.
Nov.
29, 1970
4.6
4.44
—9.00
0.28
1
gate open
8.
May
19, 1971
( 4.0
3.40
0
0.11
1
gate open
9.
June
3, 1971
< 4.0
3.62
0
0.80
1
gate open
10.
June
6, 1971
<4.0
3.65
0
0
1
gate open
11.
June
13, 1971
< 4.0
3.65
0
0.41
1
gate open
12.
June
26, 1971
4.0
3.65
0
0.79
1
gate open
13.
July
1, 1971
4.0
3.70
0
0
1
gate open
14.
July
10, 1971.
< 4.0
3.75
0
1
gate open
15.
July
17, 1971
< 4.0
3.75
0
1
gate open
16.
July
28, 1971
, 4.0
3.75
0
1
gate open
* no
data
available
61
** for previous 3 days
-------
TABLE 6
Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at
20°C)
Test Parameters
29 July
3 Aug.
17 Aug.
19 Aug.
31 Aug.
Ammonia N
(0,03
(0.03
(‘0.03
(0.03
5.77
Organic N
7.56
0.64
0.48
(0.03
1.54
Nitrite N
0.250
0.350
0.092
0.018
0.200
Nitrate N
0.02
0.05
( 0.O1
0.02
0.04
Phosphorus—sol.
2.9
4.0
1.4
0.6
8.9
Phosphorus—tot.
3.1
3.4
1.0
0.5
9.8
pH
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.2
7.8
Conductance
650
840
1200
1080
1410
Temperature°C
21
22
21
21
21
Dissolved 02
2.4
2.0
1.7
1.4
2.1
Alkalinity—tot.
344
400
350
330
409
Total Solids
1099.2
749.2
814.8
739.0
808.4
Tot. Susp.So1ids
603.2
107.6
12.0
4.6
24.4
Dissolved Solids
496.0
641.6
802.8
734.4
784.0
Chloride
(1
1
1.5
1
(1
Sulfate
33.2
47.2
24.0
22.0
35.6
Calcium
12.5
14.4
14.6
16.6
12
Magnesium
34
46
49
50
39
Iron
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
Sodium
75
90
158
132
185
Potassium
9.5
9.0
4.1
4.0
-
Hardness (calc.)
171
225
238
247
190
62
-------
TABLE 7
Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek
Test Parameters 17 Sept. 25 Sept. 2 Oct. 8 Oct. 13 Oct. 22 Oct .
Ammonia N (0.03 0.92 0.67 0.92 1.33 3.48
Organic N 2.07 1.26 0.73 1.23 0.68 2.02
Nitrite N 0.024 .340 0.220 0.275 0.340 0.485
Nitrate N 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.05
Phosphorus—sol. 0.8 1.0 1.8 2.7 2.7 4.3
Phosphorus-tot. 1.1 1.6 1.8 3.2 2.6 4.1
pH 7.7 8.1 7.93 8.1 8.2 8.2
Conductance 740 785 850 880 920
Temperature°C 20 18 12 15 14 10
Dissolved 02 2.7 2.5 6.0 1.4 2.3 4.2
Alkalinity—tot. 126 329.0 355.6 372 360 398
Total Solids 423.2 620.4 333.4 572.0 588.4 651.2
Tot.Susp.Solids 154.3 85.93 48.2 9.33 9.20 32.3
Dissolved Solids 268.9 534.5 285.2 562.7 579.2 618.9
Chloride 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
Sulfate 29 49 55 52 37 45.2
Calcium 9.5 23.5 21 22.5 23.0 18.5
Magnesium 19 44 47 46 46 46
Iron 1.4 0.l <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 8 26 37.5 65 63 75
Potassium 6.9 5.6 5.9 7.2 7.2 8.6
Hardness(calc.) 104. 240. 246 246 247 235
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
63
-------
TABLE 8
Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek
Test Parameters 24 Oct.
29 Oct.
6 Nov.
11 Nov.
16 Nov.
27 Nov.
Ammonia N 0.70
1.74
0.62
0.28
2.8
1.40
Organic N 1.85
0.89
0.78
1.06
1.57
1.01.
Nitrite N 0.250
0.460
0.365
0.585
0.675
0.360
Nitrate N 0.03
0.24
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.03
Phosphorus—sol. 2.7
1.0
1.3
0.6
1.6
1.6
Phosphorus—tot. 2.1
1.3
1.3
0.7
2.0
1.6
pH 8.2
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.0
8.0
Conductance 1530
710
880
750
1180
755
Teinperature, 0 C 14
9
6
7
7
4
Dissolved 02 3.5
3.7
5.2
6.5
4.0
4.8
Alkalinity—tot. 312
320
320
290
340
298
Total Solids 1250.8
548.8
696.0
564.4
928.8
565.6
Tot. Susp.Solids 19.3
19.6
8.73
6.93
10.2
7.8
Dissolved Solidsl23l.5
529.2
687.3
557.5
918.6
557.8
Chloride 11.0
1.3
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
Sulfate 35.2
46.8
50.0
53.2
56.0
45.0
Calcium 55
18
51
46
58
42
Magnesium 63
45
55
49
60
46
Iron <0.1
<0.].
<0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Sodium 140
29
50
24
80
42
Potassium 10.4
4.9
5.2
4.2
7.4
5.8
Hardness (calc.) 397
230
354
316
392
294
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific ConductancQ
(uzthos/cm at 20°c)
64
-------
TABLE 9
Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek
Test Parameters 30 Nov. 7 Dec. 14 Jan. 3 Feb. 25 Feb.
Ammonia N 1.40 1.2 3.64 9 77 0.29
Organic N 0.78 1.0 1.29 3.08 3.72
Nitrite N 0.110 0.340 0.160 0.071 0 O63
Nitrate N 0.03 0.29 0.08 0.02 0.11
Phosphorus—sol. 1.0 2.4 3.7 4.6 1.0
Phosphorus-tot. 0.9 2.3 3.2 4.8 1.7
pH 8.0 8.2 7.7 7.6 7.3
Conductance 2400 695 865 1170 760
Teinperature°C 5 3 2 0 1
Dissolved 02 6.0 5.2 4.3 5 5
Alkalinity—tot. 294 330 340 360 214
Total Solids 1722.4 599.6 623.2 835.6 823.2
Tot.Susp.SolidS 1.7 4.9 11.2 11.3 262.3
Dissolved Solids 1720.7 594.7 612.0 824.3 560.9
Chloride 13.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 6.0
Sulfate 55.0 48.0 47.2 38.0 18.0
Calcium 67 51 24 25 22
Magnesium 73 50 46 70 41
Iron 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 —0.1
Sodium 330 45 82 100 70
Potassium 9.2 6.0 6.8 9.0 5.1
Hardness(calc.) 468 333 249 600 234
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance 2
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
65
-------
TABLE 10
Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek
Test Parameters 23Mar. 25 Mar. 31 Mar. 5 Apr. 14 Apr.
Ammonia N 0.05 3.02 0.62 3.08 1.90
Organic N 2.63 1.62 2.29 2.68 1.51
Nitrite N 0.150 0.102 0.005 0.130 0.204
Nitrate N 0.01 0.08 0.33 0.31 0.14
Phosphorus—sol. 0.7 1.0 3.3 1.6 1.4
Phosphorus—tot. 1.2 1.2 3.0 2.0 1.8
pH 7.2 7.8 2.6 7.6 7.6
Conductance 680 1800 2550 750 1000
Temperature°C 7 7 7 9 11
Dissolved 02 5.0 5.3 8.1 8.2 7,5
Alkalinity—tot. 258 264 271 257
Total Solids 557.2 1665.6 1127.2 579.2 790.8
Tot.Susp.Solids 12.8 8.2 13.5 11.9 13.8
Dissolved Solids 5444 1657.4 1113.7 567.3 777.0
Chloride 61.0 606.0 636.0 68.0 166.0
Sulfate 54 52 51 42 450
Calcium 19.5 140 165 23 40.5
Magnesium 44 100 52 44 53
Iron 0.1 0.1 3.0 ‘0.1 0.1
Sodium 40 240 26.5 41 94
Potassium 4.1 9.0 5.0 4.7 5.8
Hardness (calc.) 230 761 626 239 319
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance (umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
66
-------
TABLE 11
Water Chemistry Data from Stink Creek
7.9
8.0
8.2
Test Parameters
20 Apr.
30 Apr.
5 May
10
Ammonia N
1.79
1.40
1.84
1.15
Organic N
1.45
1.40
1.56
1.23
Nitrite N
0.205
0.200
0.624
0.332
Nitrate N
0.275
0.54
0.635
0.665
Phosphorus—sol.
2.0
2.3
2.9
3.0
Phosphorus—tot.
1.8
2.4
2.7
2.8
pH
8.2
Conductance
Temperature, 0 C
Dissolved 02
Alkalinity-tot.
Total Solids
Tot.Susp.Solids
Dissolved Solids
Chloride
Sulfate
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium
.
49
59
60
71
Potassium
•
5.0
6.0
5.8
6.2
Hardness (calc,)
261
237
13
5.0
272
616.0
49.3
566.7
70.0
46 • 0
27
47
‘ 0.1
800
14
5.1
278
623.2
19.6
603.6
83.5
48 • 0
17.5
47
0.1
700
14
6.1
296
605.2
20.6
584.6
74 • 0
44 • 8
27
46
0.1
770
14
10 • 0
291
610.8
8.4
602.4
72.0
42.0
25
44
- 0.1
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance (unthos/cm 2 at
20°C)
67
-------
TABLE 12
Data from Jackson Creek
All values as mg/L except pH
and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°c)
Water Chemistry
Test Parameters
29 July
3 Aug.
17 Aug.
19 Aug.
31 Aug.
Anunonia N
0.03
0.03
- 0.03
- 0.03
- 0.03
Organic N
5.89
0.896
0.644
0.868
0.73
Nitrite N
-0.005
0.005
0.006
0,005
0.100
Nitrate N
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
Phosphorus—sol.
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.32
1.00
Phosphorus-tot.
0.83
0.75
0.46
0.36
1.14
pH
7.9
8.0
8.3
8.2
7.9
Conductance
61.0
610
1280
1040
1330
Temperature, °C
21
22
22
22
22
Dissolved 02
5.9
6.0
4.7
5.8
4,3
Alkalinity—tot.
314
343
332
321
332
Total Solids
1082.0
620.8
804.4
729.6
1059.2
Tot. Susp.Solids
606.4
185.6
6.1
5.6
16.0
Dissolved Solids
475.6
435.2
798.0
724.0
1043.0
Chloride
1.5
- 1
3.5
< 1
2.5
Sulfate
27.2
38.0
26.0
24.8
26.0
Calcium
12.5
13.6
16.7
18.0
28
Magnesium
37
44
49
49
56
Iron
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
Sodium
67
31
200
123
195
Potassium
10.5
3.1
9.4
3.6
5.3
Hardness (caic.)
184
215
243
247
300
68
-------
Water Chemistry
TABLE 13
Data from Jackson Creek
All values as mg/L except pH and
Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
Test Parameters
17 Sept.
25 Sept.
2 Oct.
8 Oct.
13 Oct.
22 Oct.
Ammonia N
— 0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
Organic N
2.04
1.51
0.45
2.44
0.88
0.73
Nitrite N
0.02
.024
0.012
0.038
0.023
0.018
Nitrate N
0.095
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
Phosphorus-sol.
0.70
0.22
0.025
0.23
0.16
0.12
Phosphorus-tot.
0.90
0.40
0.80
0.36
0.36
0.16
pH
7.8
8.2
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.3
Conductance
595
705
820
920
890
Temperature, 0 C
19
19
12
15
14
8
Dissolved 02
5.4
8.5
10.7
5.9
4.2
11.0
Alkalinity—tot.
127
232.4
319.8
322
320
338
Total Solids
391.6
544.0
330.2
700.4
687.6
630.0
Tot.Susp.Solids
127.2
53.27
13.2
238.2
41.80
21.1
Dissolved Solids
264.4
490.7
317.0
462.2
645.8
608.9
Chloride
1.0
1.1
0.8
2.5
3.5
2.0
Sulfate
36
40
43
49
47
34.4
Calcium
9.5
22
23
22.5
27.0
16
Magnesium
20
38
45
46
50
48
Iron
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
- 0.1
Sodium
7.0
11
21
44
58
53
Potassium
7.3
3.4
1.2
4.1
2.5
2.5
Hardness (caic.)
108
211
243
246
273
238
69
-------
TABLE 14
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek
Test Parameters
24 Oct.
29 Oct.
6 Nov.
11 Nov.
16 Nov.
27 Nov..
Ammonia N
‘ 0.03
0.03
0.03
- 0.03
- 0.03
0.03
Organic N
0.56
0.78
0.73
0.73
0.45
0.90
Nitrite N
0.025
0.060
0.025
0.102
0.102
0 022
Nitrate N
0.02
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
Phosphorus—sol.
0.20
0.16
0.11
0.06
0.02
0.05
Phosphorus—tot.
0.32
0.24
0.11
0.09
0.02
0.06
pH
8.4
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.0
8.0
Conductance
760
635
700
680
710
820
Temperature, °C
14
10
6
7
5
2
Dissolved 02
17.5
8.0
14.0
11.6
14.2
13.0
Alkalinity—tot.
360
283
286
280
304
282
Total Solids
553.6
488.0
540.0
493.2
530.8
615.2
Tot. Susp. Solids
3.3
7.5
9.67
3.20
2.0
7.8
Dissolved Solids
550.3
480.5
530.3
490.0
528.8
607.4
Chloride
0.5
10
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
Sulfate
34.4
42.0
42.0
32.8
26.8
45.0
Calcium
17.5
18.5
24
26
24
45
Magnesium
47
43
51
45
44
49
Iron
• 0.1
0.1
‘0.1
- 0.1
0.1
0.1
Sodium
40
13
22
15
17
48
Potassium
3.1
2.6
1.6
1.3
0.5
2.5
Hardness (caic.)
237
223
270
250
241
314
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance 2
(umhos/cm at 20 C)
70
-------
TABLE .L5
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek
Test Parameters
30 Nov.
7 Dec.
14 Jan.
3 Feb.
25 Feb.
Anunonia N
.- 0.03
- 0.03
0.03
0.03
0.05
Organic N
0.56
0.6
0.90
0.70
1.20
Nitrite N
0.005
0.028
0.005
0.023
0.005
Nitrate N
0.03
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.10
Phosphorus-sol.
0.01
0.08
0.17
0.64
0.50
Phosphorus—tot.
0.01
0.12
0.21
0.52
0.58
pH
8.1
8.2
7.9
7.9
7.6
Conductance
690
940
785
930
461
Temperature. 0 C
4
0
1
0
0
Dissolved 02
11.8
13.2
11.7
13.8
12.1
Alkalinity—tot.
294
292
292
302
194
Total Solids
980.4
1185.6
569.6
616.4
469.6
Tot. Susp. Solids
0.2
3.3
10.5
2.7
115.5
Dissolved Solids
980.2
1182.3
559.1
613.7
354.1
Chloride
1.0
2.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
Sulfate
23.3
52.5
34.4
30.8
14.8
Calcium
59
39
31
23.5
20
Magnesium
49
51
47
60
35
Iron
0.2
0.1
- 0.1
0.1
0.1
Sodium
12
50
33
68
9.5
Potassium
1.0
1.8
1.3
3.7
2.3
Hardness (caic.)
349
302
271
306
194
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Condtictan e
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
71
-------
TABLE 16
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek
Test Parameters
23 Mar.
25 Mar.
31 Mar.
5 Apr.
Apr.
Ammonia N
‘-0.05
c0.05
.45
0.05
0.16
Organic N
0.75
0.50
.62
0.22
0.42
Nitrite N
0.005
0.005
0.014
0.005
0.008
Nitrate N
0.09
0.08
0.27
0.36
0.07
Phosphorus-sol.
.10
.08
0.4
0.4
0.104
Phosphorus-tot.
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.24
0.360
pH
7.7
8.05
7.3
8.3.
8.1
Conductance
510
640
355
540
590
Temperature, 0 C
6
6
7
7
12
Dissolved 02
11.7
11.9
12.0
12.5
15
Alkalinity-tot.
216
234
180
204
222
Total Solids
398.0
412.0
359.6
410.0
431.2
Total Susp. Solids
8.6
6.4
18.8
4.4
2.8
Dissolved Solids
389.4
405.6
340.8
405.6
Chloride
32.0
33.0
26.0
29.0
34.0
Sulfate
72
40
28
24
38.0
Calcium
19.5
19.0
21
23
29
Magnesium
38
39
32
39
42
Iron
0.1
0.1
0.1
- 0.1
0.1
Sodium
12
11
8.5
8.5
14.5
Potassium
1.8
1.5
2.1
1.3
1.7
Hardness (caic.)
205
208
184
218
245
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(unthos/cm 2 at 20°C)
72
-------
TABLE 17
Water chemistry Data from Jackson Creek
Test Parameters 20 Apr. 30 Apr. 5 May 10 May
Anunonia N 0.33 0.26 0.78 0.56
Organic N 1.23 0.78 0.89 0.64
Nitrite N 0.023 0.010 0.023 0.032
Nitrate N 0.08 0.14 0.115 0.025
Phosphorus-sol. 0.048 0.16 0.024 0.064
Phosphorus-tot. 0.096 0.20 0.078 0.102
pH 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.4
Conductance 690 735 590 730
Temperature, 0 C 13 12 12 14
Dissolved 2 11.9 12.2 13.7 10.4
Alkalinity-tot. 240 236 246 255
Total Solids 508.8 600.4 485.2 577.6
Tot. Susp. Solids 3.8 4.6 9.0 5.1
Dissolved Solids 505.0 595.8 476.2 572.5
Chloride 75.0 112.0 70.0 114.2
Sulfate 44.0 38.0 32.8 36.0
Calcium 30 22 31 29
Magnesium 46 47 44 46
Iron 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Sodium 36 51 30 54
Potassium 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
Hardness (calc.) 264 248 259 262
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductan e
(unthos/cin’ at 20°C)
73
-------
TABLE 18
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at
Mound Road Bridge
Test Parameters 29 July 3 Aug. 17 Aug. 19 Aug. 31 Aug.
Ammonia N 0.03 0.03 : 0.03 0.03 -- 0.03
Organic N 15.68 0.87 1.62 6.58 1.60
Nitrite N 0.120 0.270 0.320 0.005 0.27
Nitrate N 0b02 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.03
Phosphorus—sol. 2.8 1.5 3.4 3.3 4.7
Phosphorus-tot. 3.0 1.6 3.1 3.1 5.0
pH 7.8 7.9 8.3 7.7 8.0
Conductance 750 800 1320 1060 1220
Temperature, 0 C 21 22 21 21 22
Dissolved 02 4.2 5.3 6.2 5.7 5.8
Alkalinity-tot. 298 354 362 297 372
Total Solids 1340.0 724.8 910.4 844.4 858.0
Tot. Susp. Solids 732.0 145.9 84.4 62.0 58.6
Dissolved Solids 608.0 578.9 826.0 782.4 799.4
Chloride 4 i. 2 1 2.5
Sulfate 34.4 48.0 36.8 44.0 30.0
Calcium 13.5 14.8 14.7 13.5 13
Magnesium 38 47 48 42 48
Iron 0.2 0.1. 0.1 0.]. 0.1
Sodium 85 67 170 158 195
PotassIum 9.0 6.2 5.0 9.8 8.0
Hardness (calc.) 190 230 234 207 230
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductan 9 e
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
74
-------
TABLE 19
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at
Mound Road Bridge
Test Parameters
17 Sept.
25 Sept.
2 Oct.
8 Oct.
13 Oct.
22 Oct.
Annnoyiia N
< 0.03
0.03
0.28
0.03
0.81
0.20
Organic N
3.00
0.90
1.18
1.22
0090
1.68
Nitrite N
0.026
.140
0.185
0.150
0.215
0.215
Nitrate N
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.06
Phosphorus—sol.
0.7
0.5
0.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
Phosphorus-tot.
1.4
0.8
0.9
1.9
17
2.0
pH
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.2
8.1
Conductance
640
705
830
890
830
Temperature, °C
20
19
13
15
14
9
Dissolved 02
6.8
7.0
6.4
4.6
3.7
7.4
Alkalinity-tot.
128.0
256.0
316.8
280
340
358
Total Solids
559.6
526.4
318.6
548.0
622.0
624.8
Tot. Susp. Solids
275.8
92.87
20.4
34.87
20.67
68.3
Dissolved Solids
283.8
433.5
298.2
513.1
601.3
556.5
Chloride
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.5
2.0
2.0
Sulfate
26
41
54
49
49
45.2
Calcium
9.5
22.5
21
22.0
23.5
18.5
Magnesium
19
40
46
46
47
46
Iron
1.6
- 0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
Sodium
9
15.5
28
53
60
57
Potassium
6.5
4.2
3.6
5.0
4.9
5.5
Hardness (calc.)
105
221
242
244
252
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
75
-------
All values as mg/L except pH and
Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm’ at 20°C)
TABLE 20
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at
Mound Road Bridge
Test Parameters
24 Oct.
29 Oct.
6 Nov.
11 Nov.
16 Nov.
27 Nov.
Ammonia N
—0.03
0.75
‘-0.03
< O.03
0.28
0.03
Organic N
2.24
2.89
0.45
0.59
O 62
O 84
Nitrite N
0.125
0.310
0.115
0.500
0.560
O 325
Nitrate N
0.05
0.13
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
Phosphorus-sol.
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.8
Phosphorus-tot.
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.8
pH
8.3
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
Conductance
730
640
1090
670
710
745
Temperature, °C
13
9
6
7
5
3
Dissolved 02
9.6
8.2
10.4
9.4
11.5
6.2
Alkalinity-tot.
300
267
290
260
297
292
Total Solids
588.0
493.2
901.6
497.2
565.6
548.4
Tot. Susp.Solids
63.2
15.3
10.07
8.00
6.7
8.9
Dissolved Solids
524.8
477.9
891.5
489.2
558.9
539.5
Chloride
2.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Sulfate
35.2
46.0
50.0
44.0
48.0
42.0
Calcium
16.5
17.5
64
43
45
42
Magnesium
44
42
6!
46
50
46
Iron
O.1
0.1
-0.1
- 0.1
0.1
0.1
Sodium
36
20
68
17
26
37
Potassium
4.8
4.2
4.0
3.1
2.8
3.6
Hardness (caic.)
222
216
411
297
318
294
76
-------
TABLE 21
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at
Mound Road Bridae
Test Parameters
30 Nov.
7 Dec.
14 Jan.
3 Feb.
25 Feb.
9 Mar.
Ammonia N
0.03
0.4
1.85
2.63
— 0.05
0.05
Organic N
0.67
0.8
1.06
1.34
1.09
1.45
Nitrite N
0.025
0.220
0.085
0.080
0.015
0.075
Nitrate N
0.02
0.08
0.08
0.05
0.12
0.16
Phosphorus—sol.
0.4
1.0
1.7
1.7
0.7
0.7
Phosphorus—tot.
0.5
1.0
1.6
1.6
0.7
0.9
pH
8.1
8.2
7.6
8.2
7.4
7.6
Conductance
665
810
765
1300
600
650
Temperature, °C
3
1
1
1
1
0
Dissolved 02
9.0
9.6
8.7
12
11.9
9.3
Alkalinity—tot.
272
306
308
562
205
190
Total Solids
485.6
551.6
560.4
918.8
574.0
501.6
Tot. Susp. Solids
2.9
3.4
6.1
5.4
31.9
77.8
Dissolved Solids
482.7
548.2
554.3
913.4
542.1
Chloride
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
84.0
Sulfate
45.0
52.8
38.0
55.2
15.0
12
Calcium
51
34
24
27
26
20
Magnesium
49
49
46
120
41
39
Iron
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Sodium
20
32
48.5
75
45
36
Potassium
3.2
3.4
4.1
7.4
3.6
2.5
Hardness (caic.)
329.0
287
249
561
234
210
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°c)
77
-------
TABLE 22
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at
Mound Road Bridge
Test Parameters 12 Mar. 16 Mar. 23 Mar. 25 Mar. 31 Mar. 5 Apr.
Ammonia N 0.05 O.05 O.05 -0.05 1.12 0.05
Organic N 1.09 1.73 1.20 1.20 2.07 1.06
Nitrite N 0.062 0.044 0.024 0.032 0.240 0.026
Nitrate N 0.205 0.360 0.10 0.07 0.27 0.26
Phosphorus-sol. 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8
Phosphorus-tot. 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5
pH 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.3 7.9
Conductance 690 580 610 650 300 600
Ternperature, 0 C 2 1 2 2 5 8
Dissolved 02 9.1 9.2 11.0 11.2 11.3 11.2
Alkalinity—tot. 250 184 230 240 158 235
Total Solids 490.0 434.4 447.6 446.4 574.4 458.4
Tot. Susp. Solids 3.84 42.20 8.0 4.9 192.4 4.0
Dissolved Solids 439.6 441.5 382.0 454.4
Chloride 65.0 40.0 48.0 47 .5 34.0 42.0
Sulfate 18 12 48 44 24 26
Calcium 20 19 20 19 22 23
Magnesium 41 38 40 41 34 41
Iron 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 35.5 15 21 20 12.5 18.0
Potassium 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.3
Hardness (caic.) 219 204 215 216 195 226
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductan e
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
78
-------
All values as mg/L except
pH and Specific Conductance
(uithos/cm 2 at 20°C)
TABLE 23
Water Chemistry Data from Jackson Creek at
Mound Road Bridge
Test Parameters
14 Apr.
20 Apr.
31 Apr.
5 May
10 May
13 May
Auunonia N
0.47
1.51
1.12
1.28
1 ,18
2.16
Organic N
0.56
1.23
1.12
1.23
2.18
1.57
Nitrite N
0.075
0.162
0.146
0.656
0.292
0.010
Nitrate N
0.10
0.10
0.35
0.375
0.245
0.265
Phosphorus—sol.
0.6
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.8
Phosphorus—tot.
0.6
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.7
2.2
pH
7.8
8.1
7.7
8.2
8.3
8.7
Conductance
630
1080
650
950
930
1650
Temperature, °C
8
11
11
13
15
10
Dissolved 2
10.5
8.5
9.8
9.5
5.2
7.7
Alkalinity—tot.
246
256
258
272
265
261
Total Solids
509.6
810.0
533.2
847.6
816.0
1236.8
Total Susp. Solids
24.3
15.6
8.5
8.1
115.8
8.0
Dissolved Solids
794.4
524.7
839.5
700.2
1228.8
Chloride
47.0
199.0
61.0
215.0
174.0
395.6
Sulfate
43.0
40.0
48.0
36.4
38.4
46.0
Calcium
29.5
50
17
48
36
55
Magnesium
44
56
44
54
50
59
Iron
0.1
0.1
- 0.1
O.1
0.1
0.1
SodIum
25
96
39
112
89
160
Potassium
2.8
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.8
6.9
Hardness (caic.)
255
355
224
342
296
380
79
-------
TABLE 24
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA FROM STINK CREEK
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomonas
Date/Test Coliform Coliforrn Streptococcus sp .
13 Oct. 1970 92,000 54,200 9,500 350
22 Oct. 1970 92,000 75,000 10,000 690
24 Oct. 1970 38,000 38,000 4,900 180
29 Oct. 1970 31,500 29,000 2,750 200
6 Nov. 1970 48,500 48,000 3,500 200
11 Nov. 1970 22,000 20,000 2,000 150
16 Nov. 1970 26,500 26,000 8,000 150
27 Nov. 1970 27,000 27,000 4,900 75
30 Nov. 1970 27,800 27,800 3,500 920
7 Dec. 1970 3,000 3,000 1,600 500
14 Jan. 1971 2,800 2,700 90 100
3 Feb. 1971 3,000 3,000 60 120
25 Feb. 1971 36,000 29,500 170 270
23 Mar. 1971 510 500 27 9
25 Mar. 1971 500 500 30 10
31 Mar. 1971 460 450 8 13
5 Apr. 1971 450 450 10 7
14 Apr. 1971 770 700 24 7
20 Apr. 1971 570 450 12 8
30 Apr 0 1971 420 420 8 0
5 May 1971 420 375 16 2
10 May 1971 420 420 8 2
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis.)
80
-------
TABLE 25
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA FROM JACKSON CREEK
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomonas
Date/Test Coliform Coliform Streptococcus sp.
13 Oct 1970 54,200 54,200 212 80
22 Oct 1970 38,000 23,500 100 35
24 Oct 1970 1,100 1,000 71 7
29 Oct 1970 800 700 50 15
6 Nov 1970 450 400 90 9
11 Nov 1970 200 50 35 7
16 Nov 1970 100 100 0 6
27 Nov 1970 300 300 130 19
30 Nov 1970 240 240 130 8
7 Dec 197]. 300 240 23 2
14 Jan 1971 2,000 1,900 11 9
3 Feb 1971 1,000 900 0 10
25 Feb 1971 5,000 4,900 25 20
23 Mar 1971 100 100 1 9
25 Mar 1971 125 100 7 10
31 Mar 1971 150 140 0 7
5 Apr 1971 150 135 0 4
14 Apr 1971 160 155 24 5
20 Apr 1971 185 165 10 16
30 Apr 1971 200 200 12 0
5 May 1971 130 120 8 2
11 May 1971 170 150 10 3
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis.)
81.
-------
TABLE 26
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA FROM JACKSON CREEK
AT MOUND ROAD BRIDGE
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomonas
Date/Test Coliform Coliform Streptococcus sp.
13 Oct 1970 100,000 92,000 9,500 240
22 Oct 1970 70,000 48,000 10,000 427
24 Oct 1970 39,000 39,000 8,000 100
29 Oct 1970 21,000 21,000 2,200 100
6 Nov 1970 15,500 15,000 2,000 125
11 Nov 1970 11,500 11,000 2,200 150
16 Nov 1970 9,000 9,000 1,500 100
27 Nov 1970 34,500 34,500 2,400 100
30 Nov 1970 34,500 34,500 2,400 130
7 Dec 1970 1,200 1,100 280 130
14 Jan 1971 750 700 8 65
3 Feb 1971 300 300 8 100
25 Feb 197]. 600 400 12 35
9 Mar 1971 375 350 15 12
12 Mar 1971 210 200 25 5
16 Mar 1971 225 225 30 2
23 Mar 1971 150 150 20 0
25 Mar 1971 130 120 2 2
31 Mar 1971 150 140 0 7
5 Apr 1971 200 190 8 5
14 Apr 1971 420 400 20 9
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis.)
82
-------
TABLE 27
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA FROM JACKSON CREEK
AT MOUND ROAD BRIDGE
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomonas
Date/Test Coliform Coliform Streptococcus sp.
20 Apr 1971 250 240 8 0
30 Apr 1971 250 240 8 1
5 May 1971 370 350 10 2
10 May 1971 320 300 8 0
13 May 1971 350 320 10 2
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis.)
83
-------
TABLE 28
Water Chemistry Data Weekly Evaluation
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
Test Parameters In 23 Mar. Out In 25 Mar. Out In 14 Apr. Out
Ammonia N ‘0.05 0.05 <0.05 0 .05 0.47 0.42
Organic N 1.20 1.68 1.20 1.68 0.56 0 65
Nitrite N 0.024 0.033 0.032 0.023 0.075 0.043
Nitrate N 0.10 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.10
Phosphorus-sol. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6
Phosphorus-tot. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6
pH 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.8 8.0
Conductance 610 650 650 650 630 630
Temperature 0 C 2 1 2 1 8 8
Dissolved 02 11.2 10.5 11.2 10.7 10.5 10.0
Alkalinity-tot. 230 226 240 230 246 218
Total Solids 447.6 513.2 446.2 439.2 509.6 484.4
Total Susp. Solids 8.0 23.7 4.9 13.2 24.3 4.0
Dissolved Solids 439.6 489.5 441.5 426.0 480.4
Chloride 48.0 75.0 47.5 47.5 47.0 51.0
Sulfate 48 40 44 44 43.0 45.0
Calcium 20 20.5 19 19 29.5 29
Magnesium 40 41 41 40 44 45
Iron 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 21 35 20 19 25 29
Potassium 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.8 2.8
Hardness (caic.) 215 220 216 212 255 258
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
84
-------
All values as ing/L except pH and
Specific Conductanqe
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
TABLE 29
Water Chemist v Data Weekly Evaluation
In 5 May
Out
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
Test Parameters In 20 Apr. Out In 30 Apr. Out
Ammonia N 1.51 1.12 1.12 1.51
1.28
0.95
Organic N 1.23 , 1.00 1.12 1.40
1.23
1.23
Nitrite N 0.162 0.124 0.146 0.176
0.656
0.512
Nitrate N 0.10 0.11 0.35 0.42
0.375
0.36
Phosphorus—sol. 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2
1.6
1.3
Phosphorus—tot. 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2
1.5
1.5
pH 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.7
8.2
8.3
Conductance 1080 1040 650 1000
950
1010
Temperature °C 11 13 1]. 11
13
13
Dissolved 02 8.5 11 9.8 9.5
9.5
905
Alkalinity—tot. 256 248 258 256
272
265
Total Solids 810.0 780.8 533.2 869.6
847.6
942.8
Total Susp. Solids 15.6 9.6 8.5 21.0
8.1
8.4
Dissolved Solids 794.4 771.2 524.7 848.6
839.5
934.4
Chloride 199.0 180.0 61.0 214.0
215.0
257.0
Sulphate 40.0 42.0 48.0 46.0
36.4
39.6
Calcium 50 46 17 33.5
48
54
Magnesium 56 55 44 54
54
56
Iron 0.1 0.1 C0.1 ‘-0.1
‘ 0.1
-0.1
Sodium 96 94 39 96
112
128
Potassium 4.1 4.1 3.5 4.7
5.0
5.2
Hardness (caic.) 355 341.2 224 252.7
342
365.3
85
-------
TABLE 30
Water Chemistry Data Weekly Evaluation
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
Conductance
Temperature 0 C
Dissolved 02
Alkalinity-tot.
Total Solids
Total Susp. Solids
Dissolved Solids
Chloride
Sulphate
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium
Potassium
Hardness (caic.)
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
Test Parameters
Anwuonia N
Organic N
Nitrite N
Nitrate N
Phosphorus— sol.
Phosphorus-tot.
pH
Out
1.01
1 • 26
0.234
0.255
1.4
1.3
In 13 May
2.16
1q57
. 0.01
0.265
1.8
2.2
8.4 8.7
In 10 May
1.18
2.18
0 • 292
0.245
1.4
1.7
8.3
930
15
5.2
265
816.0
115.8
700.2
174 • 0
38 • 4
36
50
0.1
89
4.8
296
Out
1.74
1 32
0.01
00485
1.8
2.6
8.7
770
12
8.2
240
1078.0
5.8
1072.2
323.5
40
50
55
0.1
128
6.5
351.2
910
17
9.0
273
716.8
12.4
704.4
166.0
36.8
34.5
50
1650
10
7.8
261
1236.8
8.0
1228 • 8
395.6
46 • 0
55
59
0.1 c .0.1
87
4.6
219.9
160
6.9
380
86
-------
TABLE 31
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST lOAM 11AM 12PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Ammonia N O.05 0.70 0.98 0.64 1.09 0.56
Organic N 1.48 1.32 0.84 1.04 1.60 1.40
Nitrite N 0.310 .0.300 0.310 0.300 0.360 0.310
Nitrate N 0.070 0.140 0.090 0.090 0.070 0.070
Phosphorus—sol. 2.24 2.40 2.16 2.36 2.12 2.24
Phosphorus—tot. 2.16 2.24 2.12 2.20 2.08 2.12
pH 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.7 8,0 8.1
Conductance 825 790 860 820 920 770
Temperature,°C 17 17 17 17 18 18
Dissolved 02 6.0 6.4 5.6 6.8 6.0 6 3
Alkalinity—Tot. 249.2 253.3 260.3 256.3 262.3 261.3
Total Solids 655.6 595.2 704.0 618.0 748.4 621.1
Tot. Susp.Solids 30.6 12.6 29.0 22.6 29.9 13.2
Dissolved Solids 625.0 582.6 675.0 605.4 718.5 608.0
Chloride 120.0 107.5 137.5 115.0 160.0 127.5
Sulfate 38.0 36.0 34.8 36.0 34.8 34.0
Calcium 23 23 25.5 24.5 29.5 27.5
Magnesium 48 46 49 47 50 48
Iron 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 82 78 92 82 100 86
Potassium 4.7 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.7
Hardness (caic.) 255 247 265 255 279 266
COD 44.4 55.8 57.0 82.4 48.0 63.4
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(unthos/cm 2 at 20°C)
87
-------
TABLE 32
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 1PM 2PM 3PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Anmtonia N 0.22 0.45 0.73 0.39 0.70 0.22
Organic N 1.71 1.40 1.71 1.32 1.23 1.04
Nitrite N 0.330 0.305 0.330 0.310 0.370 0.330
Nitrate N 0.345 0.170 0.190 0.150 0.100 0.070
Phosphorus—sol. 2.04 2.16 2.00 2.16 2.12 2.12
Phosphorus—tot. 2.04 2.08 1.96 2.04 2.08 2.04
pH 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.0 8.1
Conductance 940 770 940 890 1050 900
Temperature, °C 18 19 18.5 19 18.5 19
Dissolved 02 5.8 8.4 57 8.7 4.2 8.1
Alkalinity—tOt. 260.3 257.3 261.3 259.3 257.3 257.3
Total Solids 753.6 664.4 758.8 630.0 824.8 674.0
Tot. Suep. Solids 36.6 13.4 39.6 12.7 32.9 14.0
Dissolved Solids 717.0 653.0 719.2 617.3 791.9 660.0
Chloride 160.0 227.5 172.5 137.5 205.0 145.0
Sulfate 40.8 28.0 28.0 40.8 34.8 38.0
Calcium 32 29.5 30.5 27 36 27
Magnesium 50 47 50 49 52 48
Iron 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 100 86 100 86 112 89
Potassium 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.8
Hardness (ca].c.) 286 267 282 269 304 265
COD 50.7 54.4 35.2 38.0 57.0 31.7
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
88
-------
TABLE 33
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 4PM 5PM 6PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Anunonia N 0.62 <0.05 0.78 .c0.05 0.90 0.36
Organic N 1.51 1.46 1.43 1.20 1.40 1.23
Nitrate N .215 .090 .065 .050 .050 .035
Nitrite N .320 .250 .600 .360 .635 .365
Phosphorus—sol. 1.78 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.72 1.76
Phosphorus—tot. 2.04 2.00 2.10 2.04 2.01 2.10
pH 8.0 8.3 8.0 8.2 7.9 8.2
Conductance 1090 900 1070 950 1040 910
Temperature, C 18 19 18.5 19.5 19 19.5
Dissolved 02 3.8 9.5 4.2 8.3 4.4 8.4
Alkalinity—tot. 248.2 252.3 248.2 252.3 248.2 255.3
Total Solids 854.4 662.8 828.0 677.6 810.8 666.8
Tot. Susp. Solids 34.4 13.3 44.5 18.0 52.4 15.2
Dissolved Solids 820.0 649.5 783.5 659.6 758.4 651.6
Chloride 197.3 135.4 192.9 140.2 189.4 145.9
Sulfate 42.8 44.0 43.2 42.8 38.4 37.2
Calcium 25 19 25 18 25.5 19
Magnesium 52 47 51 47 51 48
Iron 0.1 0.1 0.1 :0.1 <0.1
Sodium 112 86 112 89 108 89
Potassium 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.0
Hardness (caic.) 276 241 272 238 274 245
COD 25.3 63.4 76.0 50.7 26.3 26.3
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 200C)
-------
TABLE 34
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 7PM 8PM 9PM
PARM ETERS IN IN OUT IN OUT
Ammonia N 0.73 < -0.05 0.31 ‘0.05 0.05 ‘0 O5
Organic N 1.34 0.87 0.95 1.15 1.15 0.78
Nitrate N .160 .180 .070 .045 .035 .040
Nitrite N .680 .365 .940 .560 .980 .680
Phosphorus-sol. 1.70 1.78 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.86
Phosphorus-tot. 2.00 1.96 2.01 2.01 2.04 2.00
pH 7.9 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.9
Conductance 990 950 1090 940 1130 960
Temperature, °C 18.5 19 18.5 19 18 18.5
Dissolved 02 4 ,3 7.6 3.6 6.7 3.6 4,9
Alkalinity—Tot. 247.2 254.3 247.2 255.3 246.2 251.3
Total Solids 700.0 861.2 708.4 904.4 716.4
Tot. Susp. Solids 39.0 13.6 31.1 12.6 26.4 11.6
Dissolved Solids 686.4 830.1 695.8 878.0 704.8
Chloride 186.4 160.9 212.5 161.7 234.3 169.7
Sulfate 36.0 42.8 33.2 38.8 36.0 33.2
Calcium 25 20 30 21 35.5 23.5
Magnesium 50 49 53 49 53 50
Iron <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 -0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Sodium 104 95 116 95 123 95
Potassium 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3
Hardness (Caic.) 268 252 293 254 307 264
COD 26.7 12.7 25.3 50.6 40.5 111.3
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(uxnhos/czn 2 at 20°C)
90
-------
TABLE 35
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 10 PM 11 PM 12 Mid.
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Ammonia N 0.45 -0.O5 0.39 -0.05 0.78
Organic N 0.89 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.00 1000
Nitrite N 0.250 0.610 0.185 0.780 0.600 0.540
Nitrate N 0.080 0.070 0.100 00080 0.110 0.100
Phosphorus—aol. 1.68 1.84 2.12 1.84 1.72 1.88
Phosphorus—tot. 1.68 1.72 1.60 1.68
pH 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.9
Conductance 1120 1010 1040 900 970 930
Temperature, OC 18 18.5 18 18 17.5 18
Dissolved 02 3.9 4.6 3.6 4.5 4.0 4.3
Alkalinity—tot. 252.0 250.3 253.3 264.3 252.2 261.3
Total Solids 901.6 814.8 927.6 774.8 839.2 788.8
Tot. Susp. Solids 25.3 12.5 27.6 11.0 28.8 11.8
Dissolved Solids 876.3 802.3 900.0 763.8 810.4 777.0
Chloride 225.5 117.6 218.4 180.6 206.1 189.0
Sulfate 38.0 38.8 44.0 34.8 32.0 37.1
Calcium 46 38 45 39 45 42
Magnesium 54 51 54 51 53 52
Iron -0.1 ‘-0.1 0.1 < .0.1
Sodium 126 102 120 98 112 108
Potassium 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0
Hardness (calc.) 337 305 335 307 330 319
COD 60.7 121.4 91.1 81.0 91.0 40.5
All values as mg/L except pH and Specif4.c Conductance
(uxnhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
91
-------
TABLE 36
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST lAM 2AM 3AM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Ammonia N 0.86 0.34 -O.05 £0 .05 :0.05 -0 05
Organic N 0.92 1.03 1.14 0.42 1.06 0.81
Nitrite N 0.025 0.600 0.120 0.510 0.025 00500
Nitrate N 0.380 0.700 0.450 0.270 0.180 00100
Phosphorus—sol. 1.68 1.76 1.60 1.76 1.64 1.72
Phosphorus—tot. 1.60 1.60 1.64 1.44
pH 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7
Conductance 1000 880 920 830 900 990
Temperature°C 21.0 18.0 20.0 17.0 20.5 17.0
Dissolved 02 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.6 2.7
Alkalinity—tot. 251.2 257.3 256.3 251.3 257.3 262.3
Total Solids 864.0 819.6 788.8 865.6 760.8 1264.4
Tot. Susp. Solids 35.9 10.8 32.8 11.5 32.3 11.6
Dissolved Solids 828.1 808.8 756.0 854.1 728.5 1252.8
Chloride 194.3 190.3 171.4 210.1 150.3 208.8
Sulfate 36.0 36.0 38.0 39.6 37.2 42.0
Calcium 44 43 40 46 36 46
Magnesium 52 51 51 53 49 53
Iron 0.1 O.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 106 106 96 102 90 102
Potassium 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.7 5.0
Hardness (caic.) 324 317 310 333 292 333
COD 81.0 70.8 70.8 30.4 121.4 91.0
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm 2 at 20°C)
92
-------
TABLE 37
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 4AM 5AM 6AM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Minonia N -0.05 0.67 0.42 0.61 0.30 0.50
Organic N 0.33 0.64 1.28 0.95 1.17 0 95
Nitrite N 0.112 0.215 .140 .310 .135 .235
Nitrate N .205 .200 .207 .215 .266 .217
Phosphorus—sol. 1.74 2.08 1.64 2.00 1. 6 2.08
Phosphorus—tot. 1.76 1.72 1.64 1.68 1.60 1.64
pH 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7
Conductance 800 940 850 980 830 990
Temperature, °C 20.0 17.0 20.5 17.0 19.5 17.0
Dissolved 02 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.0
Alkalinity...tot. 270 268 268 286 269 268
Total Solids 782.4 841.2 724.4 856.4 748.8 830.4
Tot. Susp. Solids 50.5 13.9 49.0 16.2 50.0 13.6
Dissolved Solids 73.19 837.3 675.4 840.2 898.8 816.8
Chloride 156.5 200.4 138.4 189.9 133.1 186.8
Sulfate 32.2 30.2 32.0 32.2 36.2 32.2
Calcium 17 24 17 23 17 23
Magnesium 49 52 49 52 48 52
Iron 0.1 0.l 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 98 120 92 120 96 124
Potassium 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6
Hardness (caic.) 244 274 244 271 240 271
COD 88.0 80.0 59.3 28.0 20.0 16.0
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
93 (unthos/cm 2 at 20°C)
-------
TABLE 38
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 7AM 8AM 9AM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Aninonia N 0.05 <0.05 -0.05 ‘0.05 0.05 0 .05
Organic N 0.72 0.58 1.20 1.00 1.23 0 98
Nitrite N .115 .200 .290 .280 .290 225
Nitrate N .215 .205 .191 .191 .217 .423
Phosphorus-aol. 1.84 2.00 1.72 1.92 1.64 1.84
Phosphorus—tot. 1.84 1.76 1.68 1.68 1.52 1.60
pH 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7 9
Conductance 850 950 850 930 880 920
Temperature, 0C 19.0 17.0 21.2 17.0 22 6 17.5
Dissolved 02 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.8 3.9
Alkalinity—tot. 267 267 269 269 271 268
Total Solids 693.6 793.2 709.2 806.8 719.2 763.2
Tot. Suap. Solids 44.2 15.4 33.1 19.8 36.1 21.1
Dissolved Solids 649.4 777.8 676.1 887.0 683.1 742,1
Chloride 121.7 174.5 120.9 163.1 130.1 142.4
Sulfate 36.0 34.2 38.2 38.2 36.0 36.2
Calcium 15 21 16 19 16 17
Magnesium 48 51 48 50 48 49
Iron <0.1 0.1 -0.1 ‘0.1 <0.1
Sodium 80 104 82 98 82 92
Potassium 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5
Hardness (caic) 235 262 237 253 237 244
COD 20.0 28.0 28.0 16.0 20.0 50.1
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conduct 9 ce 20°C)
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TABLE 39
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST lOAM 11AM 12PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Animonia N 0.05 - -0.O5 0.O5 O.05 1.12 0.39
Organic N 1.23 0.95 1.174 0.784 0.92 0.73
Nitrite N 0.05 0.03 0.15 0.15 0.33 0.17
Nitrate N 0.30 0.31 0.20 0.36 0.45 0.30
Phosphorus —sol. 1.48 1.52 1.08 1.48 1.70 1.48
Phosphorus—tot. 1.80 1.76 1.60 1.68 1.88 1 84
pH 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.8 8.0
Conductance 880 920 906 890 960 890
Temperature, 0C 23.7 18.0 20.4 17.5 21.3 18.0
Dissolved °2 4.4 5.1 5.4 4.0 3.4 4.1
Alkalinity-tot. 309 308 309 256 302 302
Total Solids 738.4 726.0 786.0 703.2 785.6 652.4
Tot. Susp. Solids 44.1 20.0 60.4 19.4 46.9 18.0
Dissolved Solids 694.3 706.0 725.6 783.8 738.7 634.4
Chloride 126.6 137.1 142.9 132.3 159.5 133.2
Sulfate 36.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 36.0 40.0
Calcium 16.5 17 17 17 19 16.5
Magnesium 49 49 46 47 50 48
Iron 0.1 O.1 0.1 —0.1 -0.1 0.1
Sodium 86 88 90 90 96 87
Potassium 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.4 5.1
Hardness (calc.) 242 244 232 236 253 239
COD 50.1 44.5 55.7 72.4 27.6 29.2
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductan e 20°C)
95
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TABLE 40
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 1PM 2PM 3PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Ammonia N —0.05 0.05 0.67 0.05 0.05 -O.05
Organic N 1.12 1.12 1.14 1.26 1.12 1.26
Nitrite N 0.11 0.14 0.42 0.28 0.52 0 87
Nitrate N 0.47 0.30 0.43 0.23 0.26 0.45
Phosphorus—aol. 1.70 1.40 1.54 1.32 1.34 1.76
Phosphorus-tot. 1.80 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.88 1.52
pH 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.1
Conductance 980 900 960 910 1010 940
Temperature, C 22.4 18.5 21.5 18.5 23.3 19.0
Dissolved 02 3.3 6.9 46 6.5 3.7 8.9
Alkalinity-tot. 298 302 298 301 297 303
Total Solids 812.0 724.4 765.2 738.4 827.6 713.2
Tot. Suap. Solids 36.0 20.2 40.7 21.2 22.0 35.8
Dissolved Solids 776.0 704.2 724.5 717.2 805.6 677 4
Chloride 163.9 134.0 157.3 138.0 190.0 198.0
Sulfate 38.0 34.0 35.0 37.0 37.0 38.0
Calcium 20 16.5 18.5 16.5 17 20
Magnesium 50 46 49 46 47 49
Iron 0.1 .0.1 -0.1 .0.1 0.1 <.0.1
Sodium 98 86 95 87 90 102
Potassium 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.4 4.8 5.2
Hardness (caic.) 256 247 236 231 236 252
COD 28.5 19.0 31.7 31.7 31.7 20.4
All values as mg/L except pH a:: Specific Conductan e 20°C)
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TABLE 41
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 4PM 5PM 6PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Mnnonia N 0.05 - 0.05 0.05 0.05 - O .05 0.05
Organic N 0.72 0.95 0.95 1.34 0.64 0 89
Nitrite N 0.020 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.020
Nitrate N 0.820 0.730 0.580 0.610 1.200 0.730
Phosphorus—aol. 1.86 1.40 1.94 1.42 2.06 1.46
Phosphorus—tot. 2.00 1.60 1.96 1.60 2.12 1.64
pH 7.8 8.2 7.9 8.2 8.9 8.2
Conductance 1030 940 1030 1000 1020 990
Temperature, °C 24.3 19.0 25.0 19.0 25.0 19.0
Dissolved 02 3.0 9.8 3.4 10.6 3.0 10.0
Alkalinity—tot. 297 300 306 297 296 295
Total Solids 850.4 718.8 833.2 748.8 885.2 709.6
Tot. Suap. Solids 28.9 18.8 30.0 17.5 25.6 16.4
Dissolved Solids 821.3 700.0 803.2 731.3 859.6 693.2
Chloride 151.0 152.0 224.0 154.0 245.0 157.0
Sulfate 34.0 33.0 31.0 35.0 32.0 37.0
Calcium 21 18 25 18 28 19
Magnesium 50 44 51 46 51 47
Iron 0.3. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 110 86 116 88 120 95
Potassium 5.5 5.0 5.7 5.0 5.6 5.3
Hardness (calc.) 258 226 272 234 279 241
COD 23.5 23.5 26.9 25.1 20.2 24.0
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cin at 20°C)
97
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TABLE 42
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Irifluent and Effluent
TEST 7PM 8PM 9PM
PARAMETERS IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Munonia N 0.05 0.05 <:0.05 0.05 <:0.05 < :0.05
Organic N 0.67 0.72 0.89 1.17 0.81 0.92
Nitrite N 0.080 0.080 .390 .240 .150 .220
Nitrate N 0.780 0.640 0. 710 0.560 1.800 .640
Phosphorus—sol. 2.18 1.52 2.30 1.52 2.35 1.54
Phosphorus—tot. 1.62 1.14 1.68 1.16 1.72 1.20
pH 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.0
Conductance 1030 1005 1030 1000 1025 1010
Temperature, °C 17.5 18.5 17.5 18.0 16.0 17.0
Dissolved 02 3.0 9.5 3.8 7.5 3.9 3.5
Alkalinity—tot. 299 318 291 304 299 301
Total Solids 974.0 752.8 866.8 737.6 930.8 736.0
Tot. Susp. Solids 27.8 17.2 23.3 17.6 20.3 5.4
Dissolved Solids 946.2 735.6 843.5 720.0 910.5 720.6
Chloride 215.0 243.0 243.0 153.0 233.0 169.0
Sulfate 35.0 36.0 36.0 37.0 34.0 46.0
Calcium 29 19 27 18 25 18
Magnesium 51 46 51 46 50 47
Iron 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium 130 96 135 100 120 100
Potassium 6.0 5.1 5.9 5.1 6.1 5.2
Hardness (calc.) 282 237 277 234 268 238
cOD 20.2 20.2 20.2 14.1 18.9 22.1
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(unthos/cm 2 at 20°C)
98
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TABLE 43
WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 36 HOUR EVALUATION
Pilot Unit Influent and Effluent
TEST 10 PM
PARAMETERS IN O 7r
An nonia N 0.05 0.05
Organic N 0.84 0.90
Nitrite N .470 .260
Nitrate N 1.140 0.720
Phosphorus.-sol. 2.22 1.70
Phosphorus-tot. 1.72 1.26
pH 7.8 8.0
Conductance 1025 1010
Temperature, °C 16.0 16.0
Dissolved 02 4.0 4.0
Alkalinity—tot. 302 306
Total Solids 917.6 897.2
Tot. Susp. Solids 19.0 15.2
Dissolved Solids 898.6 882.0
Chloride 231.0 17840
Sulfate 33.0 33.0
Calcium 24 19
Magnesium 52 47
Iron 0.1 0.1
Sodium 130 105
Potassium 5.9 5.2
Hardness (caic.) 274 241
COD 18.9 22.1
All values as mg/L except pH and Specific Conductance
(umhos/cm at 20°C)
99
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TABLE 44
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA WEEKLY EVALUATION
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomonas
Date coliform Cpiiform Streptococcus
23 Mar 71 In 150 150 20 0
Out 150 135 15 0
25 Mar 71 In 130 120 2 2
Out 125 125 0 15
14 Apr 71 In 420 400 20 9
Out 400 350 20 9
20 Apr 71 In 250 240 8 0
Out 230 200 10 0
30 Apr 71 In 250 240 8 1
Out 250 250 8 1
5 May 71 In 370 350 10 2
Out 250 210 21 4
10 May 71 In 320 300 8 0
Out 200 200 12 2
13 Mau 71 In 350 320 10 2
Out 270 250 12 0
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis of sample.)
100
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TABLE 45
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA
36 HOUR EVALUATION
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomonas
17 May 1971 Coliform Coliform Streptococcus
lOAM In 420 400 4 0
Out 490 450 4 0
11AM In 300 300 0 0
Out 300 300 8 0
1PM In 290 290 12 0
Out 420 390 0 0
3PM In 310 300 4 0
Out 370 310 0 0
5PM In 370 350 0 0
Out 400 350 0 4
7PM In 510 500 0 0
Out 700 650 0 0
9PM In 350 350 8 0
Out 350 350 0 0
11PM In 400 400 0 0
Out 570 550 0 0
18 May 1971
lAM In 600 550 0 0
Out 530 530 0 0
3AM In 400 400 0 4
Out 470 410 0 0
5AM In 510 500 4 4
Out 550 500 0 0
7AM In 500 500 4 0
Out 590 550 0 0
9AM In 500 500 0 0
Out 510 500 12 0
11AM In 470 450 4 0
Out 500 500 0 0
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis of sample)
101
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TABLE 46
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA
36 HOUR EVALUATION
Total Fecal Fecal Pseudomorias
18 May 1971 Coliform Coliform Streptococcus sp.
1PM In 470 470 4 0
Out 510 500 4 0
3PM In 430 400 8 0
Out 420 400 0 0
5PM In 370 370 35 4
Out 500 420 0 0
7PM In 520 500 4 0
Out 610 500 4 0
9PM In 320 320 8 0
Out 290 250 0 0
10PM In 350 350 4 0
Out 390 390 4 0
(Results expressed as numbers of bacteria per 100 mis of sampie )
102
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TABLE 47
TWENTY-FOUR HOUR B.O.D. AND C.O.D. REDUCTION EVALUATION
Influent Effluent
Temp. Temp.
Time ____ D.O. C.O.D. B.O.D . ____ D.O. C.O.D. B.O.D .
6 PM 22.0 0.7 22.8 11.7 22.0 2.0 26.4 12.3
7 PM 22.0 0.5 15.6 11.7 22.0 1.5 22.6 10.0
8 PM 22.0 0.3 15.2 12.5 22.0 0.5 13.2 13.0
9 PM 22.0 0.3 30.8 17.1 22.0 0.5 15.0 16.8
10 PM 22.0 0.3 37.6 15.7 22.0 0.4 25.6 15.1
11 PM 22.0 0.3 37.6 17.1 22.0 0.4 31.6 13.3
12 AM 22.0 0.1 33.6 11.4 22.0 0.5 35.2 10.2
1 AM 22.0 0.2 39.6 13.9 20.5 0.3 31.2 10.2
2 AM 21.8 0.]. 35.2 10.2 20.5 0.5 36.8 12.6
3 AM 21.8 0.2 35.8 7.8 20.5 0.5 35.2 7.8
4 AM 21.7 0.5 39.60 11.3 20.2 0.4 37.2 6.3
5 AM 21.8 0.5 33.2 9.0 20.2 0.3 29.0 20.0
6 AM 21.0 0.6 37.2 8.9 20.0 0.3 24.0 9.0
7 AM 21.5 0.5 37.6 7.6 20.5 0.5 27.8 6.0
8 AM 21.5 0.5 33.6 11.4 20.5 0.5 23.7 7.6
9 AM 21.5 0.3 43.6 7.4 20.5 0.3 27.6 8.7
10 AM 21.5 0.3 37.2 10.6 21.0 1.1 27.9 6.7
11 AM 21.5 0.4 48.8 10.6 21.0 1.6 29.2 7.7
12 PM 21.6 O 4 53.4 12.9 21.7 2.4 39.6 7.2
1 PM 21.7 0.3 57.4 13.2 22.0 4.6 47.5 9.6
2 PM 21.8 0.4 21.7 12.0 23.0 5.6 27.9 6.0
3 PM 22.0 0.5 25.7 13.6 23.0 7.3 21.7 7.8
4 PM 22.5 0.5 54.8 12.4 24.0 7.5 24.8 6.6
5 PM 22,3 0.5 45.0 7.8 24.0 7.0 29.8 8.6
6 PM 21,9 0.3 45.0 7.9 23.8 6.0 32.7 6.0
7 PM 21.5 0.3 40.7 8.0 23.7 5.2 37.7 6.0
D.,O. - Dissolved Oxygen mg/i
C,OD. - Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/i
B. ,0 0 0, - Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/i
103
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PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE BIOLOGICAL FILTY R
104
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Accession Number 2 Subject Field & Group
S L CT ID WA1r RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
W INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
Organization
LIMNETICS, INC. Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Title
Preliminary Studies on a Biological Filter
Ø Author(s)
Harmsworth, R.V.
Gallagher, B.J.
Wehland, R.A.
Johansen, N.
Project Designation
EPA Grant 16080 FTO
Jivote
22 Citation
) Descriptors (Starred First)
*Sewage effluent,
* rjcu1tura1 run-off, Water Chemistry, Bacteriology, Hydrology.
Jackson Creek 1 Lake Delavan, Wisconsin.
25 Ident,fser. . (Starred Firc’t)
*Streaxfl purification, Trickling Filter, B OOD, reduction.
27 ] Abstract
A pilot horizontal biological filter similar to a trickling filter
was constructed on Jackson Creek near Lake Delavan, Wisconsin.
The filter consisted of graded rocks in three sections of four feet
wide by two feet deep by six feet long. Water was pumped from
Jackson Creek into the filter and water chemistry and bacteriological
analyses were undertaken on the influent and effluent from the filter.
There was little effect of the filter on the water chemistry or
bacteriological content. Preliminary results indicate that
substantial B.O.D. reduction occurred when the influent was well
oxygenated.
4bstractor R.V. HQrmawort.h Institution LXMI TXCS , INC.
CR IS a IREV JULY %SI !OI SEND. WITH CODY OF DOCUMENT. TO! WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
CREIC U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. 0. C. 30240
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