19487
General Reference Guide
resrareesfor
Wfl^HB VI • v vHI
elected
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Regional Intergovernmental Operations
Library Systems Branch
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency
Environmental Science Information Center
February 1977
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Non-Documentary Sources 8
Asking one who knows B
Organizations 10
Counterpart Affiliations 10
Publications Staff Specialists 13
Trade or Industry Associations 14
Professional Societies and
Learned Societies 15
Universities 20
Referral Services 21
Reference Services 24
Federal Government Agencies with
Environmental Program Responsibilites 26
Federal Government Data Systems and
Information Centers 49
Consultants, Contract Research
Institutions 61
Other Sources 62
2. Secondary Literature 63
Dictionaries 67
Encyclopedias, Almanacs, and Other
Introductory Sources 68
Directories 70
Bibliographies 73
Bibliographic Search Aids and
Services 77
Government Catalogs and Index
Publications 79
Commercially Published Indexes 82
Computer Search Services 86
Current Awareness Tools 93
Abstract Journals 96
Newsletters 101
3. Primary Literature 107
Textbooks, Handbooks, Manuals,
Guidelines 109
Reports 112
Journals 114
Professional and Trade Journals 114
State Publications 117
General Interest Serials 117
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CONTENTS (Cont’d.)
Raw Data.119
Legislation, Statutes, Regulations,
Hearings 119
Nonprint Media 119
?laps 120
Environmental Impact Statements 120
Appendix A: Contents of Materials Packet 121
I ppendix B: Environmental Programs for which States
or Local Governments have Implementation
Responsibity under EPA Purview 123
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INTRODUCTION
This document is a guide to sources of environmental information especially
prepared for elected state and local officials and their staff aides& It
has been commissioned by the Environmental Protection Agency as one means of
assisting public officials to utilize relevant factual and analytic material
in major legislative and administrative decisions. The guide is intended as
a reference work and is capable of up-dating and revision by its producers and users.
Although America's concern with environmental issues did not begin with NEPA,
passage of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 has led to creation
of a host of legislation, agencies, and programs at all levels of government.
Environmental concerns now represent a major component of the public business
of this country. Considerable research by governmental bodies, private insti-
tutions, and individuals exists on a broad spectrum of environmental subjects —
from toxic wastes, to air and water quality, to the impacts of physical
facilities (e.g. highways or housing) on land and water use. The concern for
environment has spawned, moreover, literally thousands of publications (from
scientific treatises to periodical literature for the layman) on environmental
subjects. It is fair to say that an explosion of information on matters
dealing with the environment has occurred.
For the elected official in state and local government, this vast array of
environmental information is at once a "resource" and a "problem." From a
resource standpoint, access to relevant information and opinion compiled by
others on a particular subject can enable the official to make better public
decisions...when formulating legislation, when deciding on the merits of a
particular capital works project, or responding to a constituent's inquiry.
The legislator or staff can seek and obtain information from the array of
available sources to broaden the basis for decision-making in the following
general areas:
1. The state of knowledge or technology assessment in a particular
environmental subject.
2. The nature and background of legislation and administrative
responsibility in the subject area within the Federal government
and other jurisdictions.
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3. Experience of other jurisdictions with comparable issues and problems.
4. The body of opinion or commentary on a particular environmental subject.
But the search for information is no easy matter. It can be like traversing
a maze, with success coming only to the initiated or the hardy. For the array
of sources on environmental information is as complex as the subject matter
itself. Problems can arise in framing the specific question or questions for
which information is needed and to which the “sources” must respond. Indeed,
many questions —- especially those relating to environmental issues within a
local area —- often require on-the-scene depth investigations or a special
interpretive effort over and above any external searches for data and opinion.
Even if relevant material is obtained from an information search, someone —-
the legislator, his staff, consultants, etc. -— must provide a conceptual or
analytic bridge to the local context before the material becomes useful.
Problems also arise in selecting the appropriate sources from the vast
assemblage available and (of special concern to a legislator with immediate
needs for data) in obtaining a relevant answer within a reasonable period of
time at reasonable cost. Although important material, bearing directly on
public decisions may be “out there,” the effort to find it and interpret it
for the legislator’s needs can be frustrating, time-consuming, and inconclusive.
If an information search is to produce results, the legislator or his staff
must clearly determine in advance what to look for, where to go for informa-
tion, who should conduct the search, how to perform the investigation, and
how much time and nioney the process warrants.
In an effort to help that process, EPA has commissioned this guide. The
guide is directed towards illuminating one facet of the problem —- the sources.
Information on where to get information is necessary because the environmental
field covers such widely—ranging subject matter and because the sources are
so numerous and disparate. The field is always in flux, growing and shifting
in emphasis and locus. The forms in which information is to be found and the
sources who possess it vary widely.
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Subject matter . The elected official whom the guide is meant to help
has policy- or decision-oriented interests. His information needs may
be intense, but short—lived, as decisions are made and new issues come
into focus for resolution. Whether the legislation seeks to inform
himself or asks aides to prepare briefings for him, he may need a wide
array of materials that bear on his interest, some of them quite
specialized or technical.
With this in mind the guide encompasses environmental information in its
broadest sense. The subject matter can be grouped in three general
categories, according to the central concerns of the respective sources.
These are:
1. the scientific and technical disciplines that study each of the
elements of the natural environment and their relationships with each other
(e.g. air, water, land, animals and plant life, phenomena such as earthquake,
climate, et al).
2. the cross—disciplinary fields of analysis concerned with inter-
relationships between the natural environment and human activity. This
literature may be problem- or product-oriented, focusing on natural re-
sources as the basis of economic activity. Effects of environmental quality
on human health and well-being fall within this second category. So do
impacts on the natural environment of such human activity as use of
resources or settlement patterns.
3. the body of material related to governmental action in the environ-
mental field. With the rise to public prominence of such issues as pollution
abatement, resources management and environmental impacts of governmental
programs, the literature in this area has burgeoned in recent years. It in-
cludes data and interpretations which form the basis for public policy, the
bills and legislation and regulations which embody the policy, court cases
and judicial interpretations which elaborate and refine the understanding and
applications of the law, and the development of programs and projects designed
for implementation of the policy. This legislature also includes measures of
cost, evaluations and effectiveness, and studies of the political aspects of
environmental decision—making itself; along with interpretations for dissemina-
tion to the interested lay public. This large category of information
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centered about public policy in the environmental field cuts across more
disciplinary lines than the others. Its subdivisions are many, as are the
potential uses of the information produced.
Many sources, many forms . Each of these categories has its raw data and
its summary or interpretative reports, its primary and secondary litera-
ture and its leading edge of work-in-progress.
There are assessments of environmental base conditions, for example, and
records of pollution levels monitored for regulatory purposes. There are
inventories of natural resources, and “raw” measurements that establish
relationships observed in research projects. Information may be associated
with one specific time, a series of measurements over time, or extrapolated
into the future. It may apply to specific, localized situations or it may
be aggregated for wider territories. Data may be available on maps which
display their spatial implications or in reports which summarize, interpret
their meaning or simply present compilations of statistics. Some material
is published and some is not.
Information developed within and for the academic, industrial or govern-
mental research community may not be suitable for use by the policy-maker
in government. Material written for the lay public may be lacking in
authority or detail desired by the scientist or technical specialist. Water
quality data suitable for Federal long range policy deliberations or standard
setting may be too imprecise and outdated for state or local officials
carrying out regulatory missions in the field. The scope and depth, the
writing style and format of presentation vary greatly with the subject
matter treated and the intended audience. As a result, relatively few
materials are readily transferable. Most will need some transposition
before they can realize their promise for application in different
spheres of activity.’
Information needs . In his roles respecting legislation — - drafting, amending,
and voting on bills —— the elected official will need most frequently informa-
tion in category 3. This is subject matter most directly related to the
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legislative process. How other jurisdictions have approached similar
problems can be of considerable interest, along with the background (eco-
logical, technological, economic, social, legal, and political) to these
decisions.
Information from category 2 will be less frequently sought. It could serve
to illuminate “problems” or validate the scientific basis for legislative
or administrative action in the environmental sphere.
Only occasionally will the legislator seek raw data or highly scientific
information embodied in category ]., and then his request will most likely
be for the opinion of a respected authority on a particular public decision
under consideration.
Other typical situations which might lead a legislator to undertake an environ-
mental information search are:
-—consideration of budget requests at appropriations time, especially
when the environmental impact of particular capital works projects
is concerned,
——responding t o constituents’ interests in a particular piece of legis-
lation or project, especially when the matter in question involves
controversy and the legislator must determine a position reflecting
an understanding of the environmental considerations involved,
——preparing for speeches or public hearings,
——replying to constituents’ requests for information,
——establishing the scope of work for staff or consultant activity
relating to a particular environmental problem, or even weighing
the decision of whether or not to commission such an undertaking.
choosing the sources . Confronting a complex mass of information, much of
it generated for other purposes and users, can be most perplexing to the
state or local official who needs information that is quickly acquired, to
the point, concise and up to date. Preferable sources from a standpoint
of convenience are those which yield information most quickly with a
minimum of effort on his part.
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These busy officials are usually inundated with more reading matter than
they have time to review. As issues arise which call for information,
the legislator will characteristica].lv ask his colleagues. Sometimes the
knowledge thus gained, immediately and directly, is sufficient. Increa-
singly, however, the official will turn to an aide or reference personnel
for help. First step would usually be to ask someone who may know the answers.
Unless these staff aides are themselves experts in the subject matter
queried they, too, must look farther. Like the officials they support,
they need information that is quickly found, concise and relevant. Their
task is to find the sources most likely to provide what is needed with
minimum time and cost.
Alternatives must be found, however, if the person-who-knows is busy, or
if common courtesy dictates that his favors in providing information not be
drawn upon too regularly or frequently. He may be inaccessible altogether.
Then it is good to have other sources to draw upon. Sometimes the first
choice sources are not known to the seeker of information. Background work,
done by him directly or through a referral service, may be necessary to find
out who they are.
There are times when the easiest approach to filling a need for information
is not the fastest. Calling long distance to Washington and then having to
wait until the next week for information is certainly less satisfactory than
seeking answers to reference questions in documents that are available
locally and can be produced within hours, or even more rapidly. Then too,
there are complex information needs calling for drawing upon a
number of sources. The more that can be accomplished directly and close
to home, the better.
Outline of this guide . This guide describes the kinds of information
sources that may be tapped, characteristics which make them more or less
easy to use, more or less expensive, and more or less helpful in producing
various types of information. It cites examples of the different kinds of
sources as well.
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The list is organized under three categories of sources, and arranged
in general order of usefulness for the information needs of state and
local legislators. They are:
1. Non-documentary sources,
2. Secondary literature, and
3. Primary literature.
Specific state and local sources —- the agencies with environmental
responsibilities 1 university research centers or public interest groups —-
are not always individually cited under each of the categories. They can
be identified through sources which are cited, however, and should be
recognized for the important contributions of information they can make.
With the assumption that the environmental questions of busy state or
local elected officials are most often related to specific probleii s, the
non—documentary sources of information are presented first. These are
specialized sources most directly and quickly tapped.
There are officials, however, who desire a general introduction to the
environmental policy issues. For them the list of books on page 109, under
Primary Sources, offers suggestions for reading. Catalogs to audio-visual
materials in the environmental field (such as the one published by the
Environment Information Center of New York City) are also good sources for
information which provides an overview of the field.
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ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR
STATE P ND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
general reference guide
NON - DOCUMENTARY SOURCES
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1. Non-Documentary Sources
Asking one who knows
A best first approach may be to find someone who knows the subject matter
well.
The knowledge of such an individual would be distilled from familiarity with
the literature, and years of assimilating salient material from
many sources. His information would be up to date as a result of his efforts
to keep abreast of current developments in his colleagues’ work and ongoing
personal contributions. “People in the know” may be specialist staff members
of organizations that disseminate knowledge about the field (e.g. journal
publications, public interest groups, government agencies, reference or
referral services, research institutions, professional associations, or
associations that service and represent trade or industry groups). They may
be consultants with expertise gained from work in the particular subject area,
or personnel of specialized information centers and data services whose know-
ledge comes primarily from familiarity with the literature.
An obvious advantage of asking one who knows is the ability to pose questions
directly, and get immediate response. If answers do not exactly fit the
query, then questions can be rephrased or elaborated until a satisfactory
answer is obtained.
There are limitations, however, in the scope of a single person’s knowledge
and in what even the expert can recall just at the moment he is asked. Then,
too, the individual may have little time to talk or may be unavailable alto-
gether when the need for his knowledge arises. If he needs to make a special
search for the precise information requested, or if a written reply is called
for, there may be cWarge for this service.
One disadvantage, commonly encountered, is a language barrier between a source
of technical knowledge and the information seeker. There may be conceptual
barriers as well, for example, when neither the expert nor the asker is
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aware of alternative solutions to a problem outside his particular field
of expertise.
Some legislators may wish to get a feel for the scope of a problem or its
content before asking questions of specialists. One useful publication is
the Annual Report of the U.S. Council on Environmental Quality. Highlights
of issues ana uevelopments in the preceding year are covered in each issue.
The report is paperbound and available for relatively small cost from the
Superintendent of Documents/Government Printing Office.
Encyclopedias, manuals, guidelines, handbooks and introductory textbooks
covering the environmental field in general or its individual component
subjects are also helpful in formulating questions.
With a clearer sense of the sorts of answers that are required the legis-
lator or aide can proceed to identify the individuals able to give the
answers. One way of doing this is through organizations with which such
individuals are associated. Another is consulting sources from the
secondary literature group such as directories and indexes to the literature.
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Organizations
When the legislator’s information needs are complex, involving many aspects
of an environmental question, one of the best tacks is to find out who
has coped with a similar problem before. What data and analyses were
brought to bear on a study of the problem, what alternative solutions were
evaluated, with what conclusions about their respective prospects for effec-
tiveness, what policy choices were made and why, and what has been the experi-
ence ever since. Even if the precedents occurred under conditions different
from the local ones, the analytical approach can be a useful point of
departure. It may be transposed or adapted to apply in the current local
situation.
Counterpart Affiliations
Organizations likely to have information about comparative experience in
other states and conmtunities would be those whose membership is composed of
elected state and local officals. In their roles of representing their
members’ interests before public bodies, and serving their members through
sponsorship of conferences, publication of newsletters and journals and
special research and educational projects, they often become clearinghouses
for information of many sorts.
Typically they maintain libraries with some reference capability. Specialist
staff members in these organizations may be preferable to library staff as
first contact; but library access to inter-library loan arrangements can be
an important resource ultimately.
The National Conference of State Legislatures has offices at
1405 Curtis Street
Denver, Colorado 80202
Tel: 303/623—6600
and 1150-17th St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Tel: 202/785—8830
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The National League of Cities/U.S. Conference
of Mayors has headquarters at:
1919 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Tel: 202/232—4789
The National Association of Counties is at:
1735 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
Tel: 202/785—9577
The National Association of Regional Councils
is at:
1700 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Tel: 202/296—5253
The International City Management Association
regularly polls its member cities and counties on
their respective experiences and publishes results.
They are located at:
1140 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20035
Tel: 202/293—2200
There is also a national non-profit organization
serving its members’ interests in small towns and
rural communities, The Small Towns Institute :
Post Office Box 517
Ellensburg, Washington 98926
The American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO )
has a national overview, receiving (and periodically
soliciting) reports on environmental subjects (among
others closely related) from state and local officials.
In its monthly publication ASPO includes subject-coded
lists of the reports it receives and, periodically, the
organization’s Planning Advisory Service publishes a
memo for its subscribers which summarizes what it has
gleaned of the various approaches to a given problem.
ASPO
1313 E. 60th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60637
Tel: 312/947—2560
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The membership or user—orientation of ASPO’s service
contrasts with other clearinghouses such as, for ex-
ample, the Library of Congress’ Monthly Checklist of
State Publications . This includes accessions of
state reports, which are listed by state, with an
annual subject and corporate index. The listing
service is free to state agencies which supply pub-
lications and $21.90/year otherwise. It is available
from:
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
Organizations of reference librarians and legislative
research agencies, too, may provide a channel for
sharing information about who has been particularly
knowledgeable or helpful in their own environmental
search experiences.
In general, sources such as these organizations which are familiar with the
information users’ needs and intended applications can yield more selective
and pertinent information than others who specialize mainly in the subject
matter. With the growing interest and importance of the environmental
field, many of these representative organizations have added environmental
experts to their staffs. Of course questions of great specificity in tech-
nical or scientific detail would better be put to subject area experts.
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Publications Staff Specialists
There are among the specialized environmental media with national circu-
lation, some which include coverage of state and local affairs. Staff
reporters may often provide information or referrals as a result of know-
ledge they gain which is not necessarily published. Examples of
publications (listed also in secondary literature section) are:
Environutenta]. Law Reporter
Environment Reporter
Environmental comment
National 1ournal .
Other periodicals with more specialized content orientation (e.g. air
pollution or solid waste) are included in the secondary literature section
as well.
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Trade or Industry Associations
These are organizations formed to promote the economic interests of their
membership, usually firms within a single industry. Activities might in-
clude lobbying, advertising, exhibiting, sponsorship of conferences and
publication of a “house organ” to disseminate news deemed useful to the
members. They provide information respecting their own fields on market
trends, available products, technical feasibility or costs of pollution
control enforcement.
The American Petroleum Institute is one example. Another is the Urban
Land Institute, an organization whose nucleus is composed of land developers.
In recent years the convergence of interests in promoting high quality
development and adapting to more stringent regulation has bred a high level
of research at the Urban Land Institute, consequently, membership has
broadened significantly, and with it, the circulation of its newsletter,
journal, technical reports, and other publications.
Associations of this sort are listed in the Encyclopedia of Associations
and the Congressional Quarterly’s Washington Directory (because many are
headquartered in the Capital). These two standard reference sources are
available in almost every library.
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Professional Associations and Learned Societies
Members of a profession or special academic discipline constitute these
organizations. Reference and library services are usually restricted to
membership. Often, though, staff members are willing to answer questions
from outsiders; and publications of such groups may be found in libraries.
The National Wildlife Federation’s Conservation Directory identifies a
number of associations of this sort whose membership is engaged in environ-
nient-re].ated work. Landscape architects, urban and regional planners,
transportation engineers, economists, sociologists and others also have
associations like this. Often there are national headquarters and regional
or state and local chapters whose interests focus on their respective geo-
graphical areas. Others are listed in the Encyclopedia of Associations (Gale
Research Co., Publisher), a reference tool available in most libraries.
The American Institute for Biological Sciences has appointed a Public
Responsibilities Representative in each state to serve as a central contact
point for those seeking information on biologically—related policy issues.
A list of these individuals is appended. Inquiries for further information
may be directed to Dr. Jack Grimes, Public Responsibilities, AIBS, 1401
Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Virginia. Tel: 703/527—6776.
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American Institute for Biological Sciences
State Public Responsibilities Representatives
(Source: Dr. Jack Grimes, Public Responsibilities AIBS,
1401 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Va., Tel: 703/526—6776)
Alabama--Dr. Joseph C. O’Kelley
Dept. of Biology, U. of Alabama
University, Alabama 35486
205/348—5960
Alaska--Dr. George West, Acting
Director, Institute of Arctic Biology
U. of Alaska
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
970/4 79—76 58
Arizona--Dr. Newell Younggren
Dept. of Biological Sciences
U. of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
602/884—2751
Arkansas——Dr. Claudia Bailey
Dept. of Zoology, U. of Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
501/575—2000
California—-State Coordinator
Dr. James Kendrick, Vice President
College of Agricultural Sciences
Room 317, U. of California
2200 University Ave.
Berkeley, California 94720
415/642—7171
Direct contacts for issues concerned
with:
Ecology
Ms. Barbara Hopper, Los Angeles
Pierce College, P.O. Box 266
Woodland Hills, Calif. 91364
213/347—0551
Agriculture Science
Dr. George Alcorn,
College of Agricultural Sciences
U. of California
Berkeley ,California 94719
415/642—5173
Health Sciences
Dr. Neylan Vedros
Naval Biomedical Research Laboratory
Naval Supply Center
Oakland, California 94625
415/466—0112
Colorado--Dr. 3. Patrick Jordan
Director, Colorado State
Experimental Station
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
303/491—5371
Connecticut—-Dr. William Niering
Dept. of Botany
Connecticut College
P.O. Box 1511
New London, Connecticut 06320
203/442—5391
Delaware——Dr. G. Fred Somers
Dept. of Biological Sciences
U. of Delaware, 117 Wolf Hall
Newark, Delaware 19711
302/738—2284
Florida--Dr. Robert Johnson, Dean
Graduate Studies, Florida State U.
Tallahassee, Florida 32304
904/644—3420
Georgia- - Dr. Joe Key, Head
Division of Biological Sciences
U. of Georgia
Athens, Georgia 30602
404/542-2635
Hawaii--Dr. Sheila Conant
Dept. of General Sciences
U. of Hawaii, 2450 Campus Road
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
808/948-8303
—or-
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Hawaii (cont’d)--Dr. Sanford Siegel
Dept. of Agricultural & Soil Science
College of Tropical Agriculture
U. of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
808/948—8043
Idaho--Dr. Gilbert Wyllie
Dept. of Biology
Boise State U.
1910 College
Boise, Idaho
208/385-loll
Illinois—-Dr. Horace Norton
Dept. of Animal Science
U. of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois 61802
217/333—1000
Indiana——Dr. Theodore Crovello
Dept. of Biology
U. of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana 47556
219/283—6375
Iowa--Dr. 1. Roger Porter
Dept. of Microbiology
U. of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
319/353—2121
Kansas-—Dr. Richard Johnston
Museum of Natural History
U. of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas 66045
913/864—4540
Kentucky--Dr. Louis A. Krumholz
Water Ràsources Laboratory
U. of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky 40208
502/636—4179
Louisiana——Dr. E. Peter Volpe
Dept. of Biology
Tulane University
New Orleans, Louisiana 77018
504/865—6226
Maine—-Dr. Marvin Meyer
Dept. of Zoology
U. of Maine
Orono, Maine 04473
207/581—7695
Maryland--Dr. Gairdner Moment
Dept. of Biological Sciences
Goucher College
Towson, Maryland 21204
301/396—9485
Massachusetts-—Dr. John Brainerd
Dept. of Biology and Conservation
Springfield College
Springfield, Mass. 01109
413/787—2369
Michigan--Dr. Ronald Kapp, Provost
Alma College
Alma, Michigan
517/463—2141
Minnesota——Dr. Richard Caldecott
College of Biological Sciences
U. of Minnesota
St. Paul, Minnesota 55101
612/373—2851
! ississippi—-Dr. Armando
Dept. of Zoology
Mississippi State U.
P.O. Drawer Z
Starkville, Mississippi 39762
601/325—5722
Missouri--Dr. James Mulligan
Dept. of Biology
U. of St. Louis
St. Louis, Missouri 63104
314/535—3300
Montana—-Dr. William G. Walter
Dept. of Microbiology
Montana State U.
Bozeman, Montana 59715
406/994—0211
Nebraska--Dr. Carl Leopold
U. of Nebraska
3835 Haldrege St.
Lincoln, Nebraska 68505
402/472—7211
de la Cruz
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Nevada—Dr. L.M.N. Bach
Division of Biomedical Sciences
School of Medical Science
U. of Nevada
Reno, Nevada 89507
New Hampshire--Dr . Thomas Boos
Dept. of Biological Sciences
Dartmouth College
Hanover, New Hampshire 08755
603/646—2378
New Jersey--Dr . Benjamin Stout
Dept. of Biological Sciences
Rutgers University
18 Bishop Place
New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
201/932-1766
New Mexico--Dr . Lora Mangum Shields
Allied Health Program
l4exico Highlands U.
Las Vegas, New Mexico 87701
505/425—7511
New York--Dr . David Piinentel
Dept. of Entomology
Cornell U.
Ithaca, New York 14850
607/255—2212
North Carolina--Dr.Frederick S. Barkalow
Dept. of Zoology
North Carolina State U.
Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
919/737—2741
North Dakota-—Dr . Frank Cassell
Dept. of Zoology
North Dakota State U.
Fargo, North Dakota 58102
701/2 37—80 11
Ohio--Dr. John Briggs
Dept. of Zoology and Entomology
Ohio State U.
Columbus, Ohio 43201
614—422—6446
Oklahoma--Dr. George Gries, Dean
College of Arts and Life Sciences
Oklahoma State U.
Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074
405/372—6211, ext. 222
Oregon--Dr. Roy Young, Vice President
Research and Graduate Studies
Oregon State U.
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
503/754—3437
Pennsylvania-—Dr. Edward Buss
Animal Industries Bldg., Room 203
Pennsylvania State U.
University Park, Penn. 16802
814/865—3411
Rhode Island--Dr . Robert Lepper,
Dean, Arts and Sciences
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island
401/792-2566
South Carolina--Dr . David Husband
Dept. of Biology
U. of South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina 29208
803/777—4141
South Dakota--Dr . Nels Granhoim
Electron M.icroscope Laboratory
Veterinary Science —118
South Dakota State U.
Brookings, South Dakota 57006
605/688-5171
Tennessee--Dr. Howard Vogel
College of Medicine, Dept. of Radiology
U. of Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee 38103
901/528—6100
Texas--Dr. Calvin H. Ward
Dept. of Biology
Rice University
Houston, Texas 77001
713/5 2 8—4141
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—19—
Utah--Dr. Frank Salisbury
Plant Science Dept.
Utah State U.
Logan, Urah 84321
801/752—4100
Vermont——Dr. Daniel Bean
Dept. of Biology
St. Michael’s College
Winooski, Vermont 05405
802/655—2000
Virginia—-Dr. Robert Paterson
Dept. of Biology
Virginia Polytechnic and
State University
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
703/951—6000
Washington—-Dr. Joseph Hindinan
Washington State U.
Pullman, Washington
509/335—3564
West Virginia--Dr . E.C. Keller, Jr.
Dept. of Biology
West Virginia U.
Morgantown, West Virginia 27606
304/293—5201
Wisconsin--Dr. Daniel 0. Trainer
College of Natural Resources
U. of Wisconsin
Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481
715/346—0123
Wyoming--Dr. Dennis Knight
Dept. of Botany
U. of Wyoming
Avon Nelson Building
Larainie, Wyoming 82071
307/766—1121
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—20—
Universities
Individual professors may be quite helpful when approached for information
by a personal friend or through official or professional channels. Many
are available for consulting, but not always on a schedule to accoimnodate
the legislator’s need for information. They may inject their expertise
into the public arena, unsolicited, as members of a professional co lTanunity
or as private citizens.
Several years ago a group of University of Michigan professors and scien-
tists associated with local industries came together to form a sort of
scientific-technical advisory panel on environmental affairs to the state
legislature. In Massachusetts a group of prominent university science
faculty called a meeting with state legislators where they expressed serious
concern over prospective energy and economib problems and offered their views
about necessary policy action. At the University of Alabama, Birmingham,
Urban Studies Department, a group of professors have organized an advisory
team to the Metropolitan Birmingham areawide planning agency. They are
serving as intermediaries between the consultants working on the regional
“2O8 wastewater management plan and the decision—makers, interpreting the
highly technical inputs to the decisions these officials must make.
Beside the expertise of faculty, universities have other resources to offer.
Students in intern jobs with government can assist in reference staff work.
The university libraries, too, may be fruitful sources of information.
Those which are state land-grant institutions are usually Federal document
Depository Libraries as well. The full or selected Government Printing Of fice
product that is automatically shipped to these libraries contains much
material relevant to environmental questions.
Products of the university press and law review organizations come under
the category of primary literature in this guide and are discussed in a
later chapter.
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—21—
Referral Services
The foregoing examples of information sources have been presented as func-
tioning in more than one way. They may publish newsletters or other current
awareness bulletins or provide information developed through their own re-
search. They may also offer information about where to go or whom to ask for
additional material. This last role is more or less that of an informal,
ad hoc referral service.
There are, in addition, more formal referral services that maintain files
of large numbers of organizations or individuals with specialized knowledge
in given subject areas.
The Library of Congress operates such a service called The National Referral
Center in its Science and Technology Division. Anyone may use the service,
which is free of charge, by writing or telephoning in a query. Responses
are made by telephone or mail. They include names, addresses, telephone
numbers and brief descriptions of appropriate information resources. When
the list is long it may come in the form of a computer print—out. Response
time averages five days.
Sometimes charges are involved in acquiring a listed resource for use (e.g.
ordering documents from the National Technical Information Service). Sources
requiring membership or other qualifications for access (e.g. participation
in a government contract or affiliation with a recognized project) are noted
on the list. Resource lists for subjects of recurring requests are published.
National Referral Center
Library of Congress
Science and Technology Division
10 First Street, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20540
Tel: 202/426—5670
For state legislators as a special group of clients, the National Conference
of State Legislatures sponsors a pilot referral service for scientific and
technical information. Called MISTIC (Model Interstate Scientific and
-------
—22—
Technical Information Clearinghouse), the project has been operational since
1974 with financial support of the National Science Foundation and three
other Federal agencies.
MISTIC has functioned as a combined reference—referral service for state
legislators’ information needs —- particularly in scientific and technical
fields. Their work has frequently had to do with environment, transportation
and natural resource policy. An important feature of the MISTIC project is
the direct channel it has established with five Federal agencies for securing
answers to information requests. Each of the five agencies—-the Department
of Transportation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
National Bureau of Standards, the Energy Research and Development Adminis-
tration and the National Science Foundation—-has designated a representative
to receive MISTIC queries, pursue the answers and report back to the MISTIC
staff. MISTIC, in turn, relays the information to its legislator—clients,
either in the form of a report or a referral to a specified contact who can
provide further help.
On issues of wider interest, MISTIC publishes the results of its searches
and organizes meetings where legislators from more than one state can confer
and be informed. The project staff also cull publications for items they
judge to be of interest to their clients and then circulate the information
where it can be applied.
This kind of service has the potential of becoming a two-way channel of
communication since it can identify for the Federal agencies areas where
their efforts can better serve state information needs as well as bringing
Federal information back to the states. The NCSL MISTIC contact is:
Office of Science and Technology
loanna Mack, MISTIC Coordinator
1405 Curtis Street, Suite 2300
Denver, Colorado 80202
Tel: 303/623—6600
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—23—
A similar service is offered state and local governments by the Urban
Technology Clearinghouse at Public Technology, Inc. The aim here, too, is
to apply advanced technologies to the needs of state and local govern-
ments; as well as to assume some of the risk associated with research and develop-
ment on behalf of public jurisdictions that have no capacity for such
investigations individually. The contact is:
Urban Technology Clearinghouse
Public Technology, Inc.
1140 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Tel: 202/452—7700
-------
—24—
Reference Services
A reference service will attempt to answer specific questions in contrast
with a referral center which merely identifies names of contacts which must
then, in turn, be called.
The Reference Section of the Library of Congress’ Science and
Technology Division provides such a service free of charge and available to
anyone. Their reference search relies on six data bases: the National
Referral Center files; the Citation File (containing 1974-76 periodical
articles selected as having interest for Congress); the Library’s computer-
ized list of books acquired since 1968; materials from the 93rd and 94th
Congresses; and the ConQressional Record .
Response for simple reference questions generally runs 24-48 hours but may
take longer. The content of the answer may be limited to subject headings
to guide the asker’s subsequent search of abstracts. On subjects frequently
searched (energy topics are heavily emphasized now) they publish biblio-
graphies called “Tracer Bullets.” An example is provided.
Some units in the library network of the Environmental Protection Agency
also provide reference service without charge to local university connuni-
ties, industry and citizens’ organizations. These sources are noted, along
with library locations and descriptions of their respective collections in
the Guide to EPA Libraries (a copy is provided). These libraries are
established and maintained to support EPA’s own staff responsibilities.
In most cases outsiders are not encouraged to seek reference services or
interlibrary loans from EPA staff. Outsiders are permitted to do their
own reference work using materials held in EPA’s collections, and EPA has
prepared a number of aids to facilitate searches through the Agency library
holdings. These are described in the section on secondary literature.
Environmental reference work can be accomplished at libraries other than
EPA’s. A directory of State and Local Environmental Libraries has been
prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic
-------
—25—
and Atmospheric Administration jointly (a copy is appended). The directory
sponsors hope that awareness of additional environmental collections and
convenient local access to the reference materials contained in them will
facilitate the information user’s search. Linking these state and local
collections with regional environmental reference centers (EPA’S regional
libraries) can expand the resources available to the state and local units.
The same links can serve to expand the regional centers’ range, particularly
by access to organized collections of state and locally generated data,
research reports and other documents.
The National Agricultural Library offers reference services based on its
holdings. Special collections in the fields of soils, fertilizers, pest
control and pesticides as well as others are particularly relevant for
environmental policy—makers. On request by letter, telephone, teletype
or personal visit, the NAL will supply bibliographies, copies of materials
(with a service charge) and other information.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
Reference Division
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Attn: Mr. Charles Bebee
Tel: 301/344—3755
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—26—
Federal Government Agencies with Environmental Program Responsibilities*
Government agencies are frequently—cited sources of information in the
environmental directories. They have material for public distribution on
the programs which are their responsibility. Many engage in environmental
inventory or monitoring, research, standard-setting, technical assistance
or educational efforts. Their products are published and available to the
public at relatively little or no cost. There may be very knowledgeable
staff members who are potentially good sources of information. It may not
be easy to find them, though.
Even with a scorecard it can be frustrating and time-consuming to identify
the players among the myriad governmental units involved in the environmental
field. CEQ publishes a list of Federal agencies with statutory mission or
special expertise to comment on environmental impact, appended to the Guide-
lines on Preparation of Environmental Statements . Twelve pages of small
type present a formidable challenge to a hurried seeker of information.
Some lists provide names of agency subunits, staff and telephone numbers.
Still, these data are subject to change frequently in the Federal government
and the lists are quickly outdated. Unless the inquirer knows precisely the
information he wishes and has a direct referral to the office which has
it, he might do better to initiate his government agency contact through an
intermediary clearinghouse, a referral service, or a search for citations
in the secondary literature.
If the state or local legislator is himself searching out who knows what
in the environmental protection field, he might begin with EPA’s:
Office of Regional and Intergovernmental Operations
Washington, D.C. 20460
Tel: 202/755—0444
for a national overview or referral to a Federal government source. For
information about his own or neighboring states he might try the nearest
regional office of EPA. The Regional Administrator is responsible for
carrying out EPA’S national program mission in his region. He and his
staff are designated as the principal contacts between the Agency and state
*S te and local environmental program agencies and administrators are
listed in the Conservation Directory cited on p. 15.
-------
A,,esrem II—Anzsrj or EsrvmoNssewrsl. IM-
PACT AjTh PEDsaAz. ACENC!ES AND Pmz.AI.
STATE AGssccxEs’Wn’x Juiusczciiore ST Lsw
01 SPeCIAL EXPeRTISE TO COMMENT
‘River Basin Commissions (Delaware.
Great Lakes, Missouri, New England. Ohio.
Pacific Northwest, Souris-Red -Rainy, Bus-
quebanna, Upper Mississippi) and similar
Federal-State agencies should be consulted
on actions affecting the environment of their
specific geographic Jurisdictions.
‘In all cases where a proposed action will
have significant International environmental
effect., the Department of State should be
consulted, and should be sent a copy of any
draft and final hnpact statement which coy-
. 55 such action,
Air Quafliy
Department of Agriculture—
Po.eet Service (effects on vegetation)
Atomic Energy Commission (radioactive mib-
stances)
Department of Health. Education, and Wel-
fare
Environmental Protection Agency
Department of the Interio r’—
Bureau of Mines (fossil and gaseous fuel
combustion)
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wfldllf.
(effect on wildlife)
Bur.a of Outdoor Recreation (effects on
recreation)
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affair. (Indian land.)
National Aeronautics and Space Adniinletrn-
tion (remote sensing, aircraft emissions)
Department of Transportatlon
Assistant Secretary for System. Develop-
ment and Technology (auto emissions)
Cosst Guard (vessel emissions)
Federal Aviation Administration (aircraft
emissions)
Weather Modification
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Department of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adnitn-
Istratlon
Department of Defense—
Department of the Air Force
Department of the Interior
Bureau of Reclamation
Warm Rzsouscra Cotmcn,
waT m
Wafer Quality
Department of Agriculture—
Soil Conservation Service
Forest Service
Atomic Energy Commission (radioactive sub-
stances)
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Reclamation
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (India n lands)
Bureau of Sports Fisheries and— Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Geological Survey
Omce of Saline Water
Envlronrnentsj Protection Agency
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Dspar ant of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineers
Department of the Navy (ship pollution
oontroi)
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (remote sensing)
Department of Transportation—
Coast Guard (oil spills, ship sanitation)
Ddpartment of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration
Wbter Resources Council
River Basin Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
Marine Pollutfon. Commercial FiShery
Conservat Ion, and She l lfish Sanitation
Dipartasent of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration
Dópartment of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineers
O ce of the Oceanographer of the Navy
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Bureau of Land Management (outer con-
tinental shelf)
Geological Survey (outer continental shelf)
Department of Transportation—
Coast Guard
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (remote sensing)
Water Resources Council
River Basin Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
Waterway Regu latton and Stream
Modification
Department of Agriculture—
Soil Conservation Service
Department of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineer.
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Reclamation
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Geological Survey
Department of Transportation—
Coast Guard
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Adininistra-
tion (remote sensing)
Water Resources Council
River Basin Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
ane
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Boll Conservation Service
Department of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration (marine species)
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Outdoor RecreatIon
Environmental Protection Agency
SOLIS WASTE
Atomic Energy Commission (radioactive
waste)
Department of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineers
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Mines (mineral waste, loin. acid
waste, munIcipal solid waste, recycling)
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affair. (Indian lands)
Geological Survey (geologic and hydrologic
effects)
Office of Saline Water (demineralisation)
Department of Transportation—
Coast Guard (ship sanitation)
Environmental Protection Agency
River Basin Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
Water Resources CouncU
NOISE
Department of Commerce—
National Bureau of Standards
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (land use and building materials
aspects)
Department of Labor—
Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
tration
Department of Transportation—
Assistant Secretary for Systems Develop-
ment and Technology
Federal Aviation Administration, Offic. of
Noise Abatement
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion
IADIATION
Atomic Energy Commission
Department of Corn merce—
National Bureau of Standards
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fai ’e
Department of the InterIor—
Bureau of Mines (uranium mines)
Mining Enforcement and Safety Adminis-
tration (uranium mines)
Environmental Protection Agency
CEQ’s List of Environmental
Impact Categories and
Federal Agencies and
Federal State Agencies
with Jurisdiction by Law
or Special Expertise to
Comment Thereon
Source: Weilborn, Suzanne M., Environmental Certification for
Community Development: a Manual of Procedures . National
Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials,
F’ . ,)
2600 virginia Ave., N.W., Wash.,, D.C. 20037, 1975, pp. 74—85.
-------
PIAIA.sOuS .vaerancse
Toxic Materials
Atomic Energy Commission (radioactive
substances)
Deportment of Agriculture—
Agricultural Research Service
Consumer and Marketing Berries
Department of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad.
m InIstration
Department of Defense
Department of Health, Education, and Wet.
fats
Environmental Protection Agency
Food Additives and ContamInatIon o9
Foodstuffs
Department of Agricultuse—
Consumer and Marketing Service (meat
and poultry product.)
Department of Health, Education, and wel-
fare
Environmental Protection Agency
Pest icides
Department of Agriculture—
Agricultural Research ServiCe (biological
controls, food end fiber production)
Consumer and Marketing Service
Forest Service
Department of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration
Dspsrtment of Health. Education, and Wel.
fare
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Bpcrt Fisheries and Wildlife
(fish and wildlife effects)
Bureau of Land Management (public
lends)
Bureau of Indish Affairs (Indian lands)
Bureau of Reclamation (irrigated land.)
Environmental Protection Agency
Trsnapcrtaffon dud HandlIng oF Hasardoul
Materials
Atomic Energy Commlulon (radioactive sub-
stan )
Dspsrtmect of Commerce—
Maritime Administration
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration (effects on marine life and
the coastal sane)
Department of Defense—
Armed Services Esplosive Safety Board
Army Corps of Engineer. (navigabip
waterway.)
Department of Transportation—
Federal Highway AdminIstration , BUreau
of Motor Carrier Safety
.Coast Guard
Federal Railroad Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
Assistant Secretary for Systems Develop-
ment and Technology
Office of Hazardous Materials
Office of Pipeline Safety
Environmental Protection Agency
mesm? suppry Awe uayvas& amouscas
Electric Energy Development. General Ion,
and TransmissIon, cud Use
Atomic Energy Occemimion (nOdes ,)
Department of Agriculture—
Rural Electrification Administration
(rural areas)
Department of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineers (hydra)
Department of Health. Education, and Wel-
fare (radiation effects)
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (urban areas)
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lands)
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Reclamation
Power Marketing Administrations
Oeologlcal Survey
Bureau of Sport FIsheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
National Park Service
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Power Commission (hydra, transmis-
sion, and supply)
River Basin Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
Tennessee Valley Authority
Water Resources Council
Petroleum Development, Ixtractf on,
Refining, Pransport , and Use
Department of the Interior—
Office of Oil and Gas
Bureau of Mthes
Geological Survey
Bureau of Land Management (public lands
and outer continental shelf)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lands)
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
(effects on fish and wildlife)
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
National Park Service
Department of Transportation (Transport
and Pipeline Safety)
Environmental Protection Agency
Interstate Commerce Commission
Ifaftirel Gas Development, Production,
TransmIssIon, and Use
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (urban areas)
Department of the Interior—
Office of Oil and Gas
Geological Survey
Bureau of Mine.
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lends)
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
National Park Service
Department of Transportation (transport
and safety)
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Power Commission (production.
transmission, and supply)
Interstate Commerce Commission
Coal and Minerals Development, Mining,
Conversion, Processing. Transport, and Use
Appalachian Regional Commission
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Department of Commerce
Department of the Interior—
Office of Cobi Research
Mining Enforcement and Safety Adminis-
tration
Bureau of Mines
OeologIcal Survey
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian land.)
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
National Park Service
Department of Labor—
Occupational Safety and Health Admlnis-
irstion
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Interstate Commerce Commialion
Tennessee Valley Authority
Renewable Resource Development, Produc-
tion. Management. Harvest, Transport, and
Use
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Boll Conservation Service
Department of Commerce
Department of Rousing and Urban Develop-
ment (building materials)
Department of the Interior—
Geological Survey
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lands)
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
National Park Service
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Interstate Commer Commission (freight
rates)
Energy sad Wstvral R.merces Conservation
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Soil Conservation Service
Department of Commerce—
National Bureau of Standards (energy
efficiency)
Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment—
Federal Housing Administration (housing
standards)
Department of the Interior—
Office of Energy Conservation
Bureau of Mines
Bureau of Reclamation
Geological Surrey -
Power Marketing Administration
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Power Commission
General Services Administration (design and
operation of buildings)
Tennessee Valley Authority
Win VS 5 SlID M*IIAC*MTNT
Land Use Changes. Planning and Regvl.tbn
ol Land Development
Department of Agricuture—
Forest Service (forest lands)
Agricultural Research Service (agricultural
lands)
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment
Department of the Interior—
Office of Land V .. and Water Planning
Bureau of Land Management (public Ia
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lands)
Bureau of Sport FisherIes end Wildlife
(wildlife refuges) ____
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation (recreation
lands)
National Park Service (TIPS units)
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency (pollution
effects)
National Aeronautics and Space AdminIstra-
tion (remote sensing)
River Basins Commissions (as geographically
appropriate) -
I.
-------
Public Land Nana ement
Deportment of Agriculture—
Forest Service (forests)
Department of Defense
Department of the IflteriOT—
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lands)
Bureau of Sport Fisheries end Wildlife
(wildlife refuges)
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation (recreation
lands)
National Park Service (NPB units)
Federal Power Commission (project lands)
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (remote sensing)
Tennessee Valley Authority (project lands)
Ps iECTIOW 0? EWVSIOIIUCNTALLT CRITICAl.
Ass*s —FLOOorI.AINe, WSmANes, Bt*cseze
AND Duiess, UN5TARLE Sons. STeEP SLopes.
Aeon-rn REcHAsce AsrAs, ere.
Depaitinent of Agriculture—
Agricultural Stabilization and Conserva-
tion Service
Boll Conservation Service
Forest Service
Department of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin..
titration (coastal areas)
Deportment of Defense—
army Corps of Engineers
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (urban and floodplain areas)
Department of the Interior—
Office of Land tie. and Water Pl ”tg
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Bureau of Reclamation
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Land Management
Geological Survey
Environmental Protection Agency (pollution
effects)
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (remote sensing)
River Basina Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
Water.ftesowces Council
LAND ties 0 5 COASTAL Aa a
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Boll Conservation Service (soil stability.
hydrology)
Department of Commerce—
Nationsl Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration (impact on marine life and
coastal none management)
Depsrtment of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineers (beaches, dredge
and fill permits. Refuse Act permits)
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (urban areas)
Department of the Interior—
Office of Land Use and Water Planning
Bureau cf Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
National Park Service
Oeological Survey
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Department of Transportation—
Coast Guard (bridges, navigation)
Environmental Protection Agency (pollution
effectl)
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (remote sensing)
RnEWTLOPMENT AND OXSTRVcTION us
Bun,r-Up Aaxas
Department of Commerce—
Economic Development Administration
(designated areas)
Department of Rousing and Urban Develop-
ment
Department of the Interior—
Office of Land Use and Water Planning
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
Office of Economic Opportunity
DENSITY AND CONGesTION Mrrzcavzoie
Department of Health, Education, and W1-
far.
Department of Rousing and Urban Develop-
ment
Department of the Interior—
Office of Land Use and Water Planning
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Neicusousoon Cx*nscrrn Asce lowrnevsry
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment
National Endowment for the Arts
Office of Economic Opportunity
IMPACTS ON LOW-INCOM. PoPuLaYzoNa
Department of Commerce—
Economic Development Administration
(des)gnnted areas)
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment
Office of Economic Opportunity
Rmroaie Aacnnucroa-u,, ann AacussoLooIcaI,
Pazauvarioss
&dviaory COUnCIL on Ristoric Preservation
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment
Department of the Interior—
National Park Service
Bureau of Land Management (public
lands)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (Indian lands)
General Services Administration
National Endowment for the Arts
SOIL AND PLANT CoNslavAlloIl AND
EmRoI.ooy
Department of Agriculture—
SOIL Conservation Service
Agricultural Service
Forest Service
Department of Commerce—
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration
Department of Defense—
Azmy Corps of Engineers (dredging,
aquatic plants)
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Geological Survey
Bureau of Reclamation
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (remote sensing)
River Basin CommissIons (as geographically
appropriate)
Water Resources Council
ournoon sacsrarzow
Department of Agriculture—
Forest Service
Soil Conservation Service
Department of Defense—
Army Corps of Engineers
Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment (urban areas)
Department of the Interior—
Bureau of Land Management
National Park Service
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion (ren ote sensing)
River Basin Commissions (as geographically
appropriate)
Water Resources Council
APPENDIE Ifl—Or,Icce Wrrnlw PzoERAL
AGENCIes AND Fmr*AI,-STATC Ac sp,cres Poa
INFORMATION ReGARDING Tuc Acrwcess ’
NEPA Acrlvrrlu AND Fos Rxcrivu.o OrHen
Acresclrs’ IMPACT STATEMENTs Poi WHICH
C0MMCNrs Ass REQUESTED
ON TuiLC PRmuvSTT0N
Offic. of Architectural end Environmental
Pr..c -yation, Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation. Suit. 430, 1523 Street,
NW., Washington, D C. 20005 254-3974
D AaTxesrv 0, AGUCDLTOSZ 1
Office of the Secretary, Attu’ Coordinator
Environmental QuaUty Activities, US De-
partment of Agriculture, WashIngton. 0 C.
20250 447—3965
LPPAI,ACIIIAW aesrorsaL COM sToK
Offic. of the Alternate Federal Co-Chairman.
Appalachian Regional Commission. 1668
Connecticut Avenue, NW., Washington.
D.C. 20235 967-4103
DEPAITMENT OP THE ASMT (cones or
meenreus)
Executive Director Of Civil Works, Office of
the Chief of Engineers, U.S Army Corps of
Engineers, Washington, DC. 20314 693—
7168
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
For nonregulatory matters: Office of A istant
General Manager for Biomedical and En-
vironmental Research and Safety Pro-
grams, Atomic Energy Commission, Wash-
ington, DC 20545 973—3208
For regulatory matters: Office of the Assist-
ant Director for Environmental Projects,
Atomic Energy Commission, Washington,
D C. 20545 973—7531
DENAATMZHT OP COMMERCE
Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Environmental Affairs, U.S Department of
Commerce, Washingtozf, D C. 20230 967-
4335
DENARTHZNT or oes’ iisg
Office of the AssIstant Secretary for Defense
(Health and Environment), U.S Depart-
ment of Defense, Room 3El72, Th• Penta-
gon, Washington, D.C. 20301 697-2111
DV.AWAAX RivER 5*5111 COMMISSION
Office of the Secretary. Delaware River
Basin Commission, Post Office Box 360.
Trenton, NJ. 08603 (509) 883-9600
* Request, for comments or infonnstion I
from individual units of the Department of
Agriculture, eg, Soil Conservation Serviee.
Forest Service, etc should be sent to the
Office of the Secretary. Department of Agri-
culture, at the address given above
-------
msvmo$MsI,TaL . ....a asuecy’
Director, 0150, of Federal Activities, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, 401 98 Street,
SW., Washington, D.C. 20440 755-077’7
• Contact the 01 11cc of Federal Activities
for environmental statements concerning
legislation, regulations, national program
Regional Administrator, I,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2303, John F. Kennedy
Federal Bldg., Boston, Mass. 02303,
(617) 223—7210
Regional Administrator, I I,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Room 905,26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10007
(213) 284—2521
Regional Administrator, m.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Curtis Bldg. 6th & Walnut Its.
Philadelphia, Pa, 19108
(215) 107-0801
Regional Administrator. IV.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1421 Peachtree Street
N.E., Atlanta, On. 30309
(404) 528-5727
Regional Administrator V
U .S. Environmental Protection Agency
I N. Wacker Drive
Chicago. fllinois 60606
(312) 353—5250
Regional Administrator VT.
0.8. Environmental Protection Agency
1600 Patterson Street
Suite 1108
Dallas, Texas 75201
(214) 749—1982
Regional Administrator VII,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1735 Baltimore Avenue
-‘ — City, Missouri 64306
(816) 374-6493
Regional Administrator VU !,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 900, Lincoln To
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
(303) 537—3505
Regional Administrator ,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
100 California Street
Sun Francisco, California 94311
(415) 556—2330
Regional Administrator K,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 SIxth Avenue
Seattle. WashIngton 18101
(206) 442—1220
proposals or other major policy issues.
For all other EPA consultation, contact the
Regional Administrator In whose area the
proposed action (e g.. highway or water re-
source construction projects) will take place.
The Regional Administrators will coordinate
the EPA review. Addresses of the Regional
Administrators, and ties sterna covered by
their regions are as follows:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
New
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rica, Virgin
Islands
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania. Virginia,
West Virginia, District of Columbia
Alabama, Florida, Oewgia , Kentucky Iffissia.
lippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten-
nessee
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minmeot., Obia,
Wteo ”uin
Arkansas, louisiana, New “ extra , Teiss,
Oklahoma
Iowa, Kansas, Mimouri, Nbbrsska
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Arigona. California, Hawaii, Nevada, Amen.
can Samoa. Ousm, Thist Territories of
Paclflc Islands, Wake Island
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
r,.wns coisismenow
Oc .”iimlon’s Advisor on Environmental
Quality, Federal Power Co ’ on, 823 N.
Capitol Street. N.E., Washington, D.C. 20426
218-4064
Offloe of Environmental AEsira, Office c i the
Deputy Administrator for Special Projects,
Oeneral Services Administration, Washing-
ton. D.C. 20405 343-4161
551* ? 1,I 5 nasur
Office of the Chairman, Grist lakes Basin
CommIssion. 3475 Plymouth Road. P.O. Box
999. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 (313) 763-.
7431
ISPAITmeET OP ImALTIC, 55VCATIOW
ails was.ra*z’
Office ci Environmental Alaira, Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Administration and
‘(-“-gement, Department of Health, Edu-
cation and Welfare, Wsahington, D.C. 20202
Contact the Office of Environmental Af-
fairs for Inlormatlon on HEWs environmen-
tal statements concerning legIslatIon. regu-
IaUona, national program proposals or other
major policy issues, and for all request. for
HEW comment on impact statements of
other agencies. _____
For Information with rs ..,.s t to HEW ac-
tions occurring within the Jurisdiction of the
Department.’ Regional Directors, contact the
appropriate Regional Environmental Officer:
Region I:
Regional Environmental Officer
0.8. Department , ( Health, Education
and Welfare
Room 300Th
John F. Kennedy Center
Boston, Massachusetts 02303 (617) 223—
Region II:
Regional Environmental Officer
U.S. Department of Health. Education
and Welfare
Federal Building
36 Federal P1az
New York, New York 10007 (312) 864-
1308
Region Tl!-
Regional Environmental Officer
U.S. Department of Health. Education
and Welfare
P.O. Boa 13111
Philadelphia, PennsylvanIa 19101 (215)
531-6498
Region IV:
Regional Environmental Officer
U.S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare
Room 404
50 Seventh Street. N.E.
Atlanta, Oeorgls 30323 (404) 526-1817
Region V:
Regional Environmental Officer
0.8. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare
Room 712, New Post Office Building
433 West Van Buren Street
Chicago. Illinois 60I0’ (312) 353-1644
P AI?XE7IT OP •0V5!llO Liii TISA$
Director, Office of munIty and Environ-
mentsi Standards, Depertment of Hous-
ing and Urban Development, Room 7206.
Washington, D.C. 30410
755-8050
Region VI:
Regional Environmental Officer
U.S. Department ci Health. Education
and Welfare
1114 Commerce Street o
Dallas, Texas 75202 (214) 749—2236
Region VU:
Regional Environmental Officer
U.S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare
601 East 12th Street
Kansas City, Mlseourl 64106 (816) 374-
35.4
-------
etfl5TserIIT 0? TNt mTnsoe’
Director, Otto . of ta lronmentel Project Re-
view, Department of the Interior, Interior
Building, Washington, DO. 20240 343—
3891.
INTISSTAfl 0OMMflCE COMMISSION
Office of Proceeding. Interstate Commerce .
Commission, Washington, DC , 20423
343—4187
D A5TMt$? 0? 1,550*
Aaalatant Secretary for Occupational Sat ety
and Health, Department of Labor, Wash-
ington, D.C. 20210
981—3405
M15500fl a vn S55IN5 COMMIsSION
Office of the Chairman, Missouri River Basins
CommIssion, 10050 Regency Circle, Omaha,
Nebraska 68114
(402) 397—5714
NaTIONAl, A UONA V I 1CB Site
eNACt AOMUII5nATION
Office of the Comptroller, National Asronan-
tics and Space Admlnlatratjon, Washing-
ton. D.C. 20548
755—5440
NATIONAL CAPITA!. PLANNiNG COMMISSION
Office of Environmental Affaire, Office of the
Executive Director, National Capital Plan-
ning Contmiaeion, Washington, D.C. 20578
382—7200
NATIONAL ZNDOW)flNT ?Ot TIet Airs
Office of Architecture and Environmental
Arts Program, Nationa l Endowment for the
Arts, Washington, DC. 20506
382—5785
W i N zysoLAlen ann etsnea COMMIsSION
Office of the Chairman, New England River
Basins Commission, 55 Court Street, Boe-
ton, Man 02108
(517) 223-4244
Regional Administrator VI,
Environmental Clearance Officer
U.S. Department of Rousing and Ur-
ban Development
Federal Office BuildIng, 819 Taylor
Streit
Fort Worth, Texas 78102 (817) 334—2857
Regional Administrator VU,
Environmental Clearance Officer
U.S. Department of Housing end Urban
Development
911 Walnut Street
Wanm City, MissourI 84104 (814) 374-
2681
Regional Administrator VI II,
Environmental Clearance Otter
U.S Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Samsonite Building, 1051 South Broad-
way
Denver, Colorado 80209 (303$ 837-4001
Regional Administrator IX,
Envlronmedtsl Clearance Officer
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development
450 Golden Gate Avenue, Post Office Box
38003
San Prancisco, California 94102 (415)
558—4752
Regional Administrator X,
Environmental Cleerance Officer
U S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Room 228, Arcade Plaza Building
Seattle, Washington 98101 (208) 883—
5415
‘Requests for comments or Information
from individual unite of the Department of
the Interior should be sent to the Office of
Environmental Project Review at the address
given above.
Orflct or SCOKOMIC OPPCSTVW1TT
Office of the Director, Office of Economic
Opportunity, 1200 19th Street, NW., Wash-
ington, DC. 20508
254-6000
01110 arvn BASIN coMMIsSION
Office of the Chairman, Ohio River Resin
CommissIon, 38 East 4th Street. Suite 208-
30, CincinnatI, Ohio 45202
(513) 884—3531
PACII’IC NOtTI I WEST BITES BASINS
CON MISSION
Office of the Chairman. Pacific Northwest
River Basins CommissIon. 1 ColumbIa
River, Vancouver, WashIngton 93550
(206) 895—3804
aona-an-asnev ann name COMMISsION
Office of the Chairman, Souris-Red-Ralny
River Basins Commission, Suite 8, Profes-
sIonal Building. Holiday Mail, Moorhead,
Minnesota 58560
(701) 237—5227
DEPASTMEIIT or eTArI
Office of the Special Assistant to the Secre-
tafl for Environmental Affairs. Department
of State, Washington, DC. 20520
532-7954
evsqnznsrrn ants 555111 COMM I SsION
Office of the Executive Director, Susquehanna
River Basin Commission, 5012 Lenker
Street, Mechanlcaburg, Pa. 17055
(717) 737—0501
nasntssee vstz,xr Av’rsoarrT
Office of the Director of Environmental Re-
search and Development, Tennessee Valley
Authority, ‘120 Edney Building, Chatia-
nooga, Tennessee 37401(815) 755—2002
DEPARTMENT OF TeA N5P0ZTATI05I’
Director, Office of Environmental Quality.
Office of the Assistant Secretary for En-
vironment, Safety, and Conaumer Affaire.
Department of Transportation, Washing-
ton, DC. 20590 425-4357
5 Contact the Office of Environmental
Quality, Department of Transportation, for
information on DOT’s envtronmenl.eJ atate-
ments concerning legislation, regulations, na-
tional program proposals, or other major
policy Sues
For Information regarding the Department
of TransportatIon’s other environmen tel
statements, contact the national office for
the appropriate administration
U.S. Coast Gue s
Office of Marine Environment and Systems,
U.S. Coast Guard, 400 7th Street, S W.,
Washington, D.C. 20590, 428-2007
Federal Apfefiogs Adm(nlstrat Ion
Office of Environmental Quality, Federal
Aviation Administration, 800 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC. 20501,
428—5408
Federal RlpIiwey Admf nist ration
Office of Environmental Policy, Federal
Highway Adm Inistration. 400 7th Street,
S.W., Washington, D.C 20590, 428-0351
Federal Railroad Admlntslrafton
Office of Policy and Plans, Federal Railroad
AdministratIon, 400 7th Street, SW., Wash-
ington, DC. 20590, 426-1567
Urban Mass Transportation .4dmtn(sfretton
Office of Program Operations, Urban Mai’a
‘I’ransportation Administration, 400 7th
Street, S W., Washington, DC 20690, 420—
4020
Region VIII:
Beg ional Environmental Officer
US. Department of Health. Education
and Welfare
9017 Federal Building
19th nnd Stout Streets
Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 837-4178
Region I X:
Regional EnvIronmental Officer
U.S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare
80 P’ulton Street
San Francisco, Cal Ifornia 94102 (415)
550—1970
Region H:
Regional Environmental Officer
U.S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare
Arcade Plan. Building
1321 Second Street
Seattle, Washington 98 101 (208) 442—
0490
‘Contact the Director with regard to en-
vironmental impacts of legialaUon, policy
statements, program regulations and pro-
cedures, and precedent-making project de-
cSons. For all other IIU’D consultation, con-
tact the HUD Regional Administrator in
ohms jurisdiction the project use, as fol-
lows:
Regional Administrator I ,
Environmental Clearance Officer
U S Department of RousIng and Urban
Development
Boom 405, John P. Kennedy Federal
Building
Boston, Man. 02205 (817) 223-4084
Regional Administrator U,
Environmental Clearance Officer
US. Department of Housing and Urban
Development
28 Federal Plssa
New York, New York 10007 (212) 264-
8068
Regional Administrator Ut,
Environmental Clearance Officer
U.S Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Curtia Building, Sixth and Walnut
Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19108 (213)
597—2550
Rsgional Adminietrator IV,
Environmental Clearance Officer
U.S. Department of Rousing and Urban
Development
Pencbtree-Seventh Building
Atlanta, Georgia 30323 (404) 528-5555
Regional Administrator V.
Environmental Clearance Officer
US. Department of Housing and Urban
Development
360 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, flhlnols 60601 (312) 353—5680
L a
-------
P other Idmlnistratlos ’s net feted above.
contact the O 54o of Eavirvomeota_l Quality,
Department of ‘Iwportatlon, at the ad-
dress liven shove.
For comments on other agencies’ environ-
mental statement., contact the appr. 1 .rtats
administration a regional oEce. If more than
mm admInIstratIon within the Department
of Transportation ii t be requested to
comment, contact the Secretarial Represent..
sties In the appropriate Regional OlSos for
coordination of the Department’, comments;
encerramar, . .rATIVI
Region I Secretarial Representative, U.S. Go-
psrtmsnt of Transportation, Transporta-
tion Spstems Center, 88 Broadway. Cam-
bridge, ar bu_.stte 02142 (017) 494—
2709
Region U Secretarial atative, VS.
Department of TransportatIon. 20 Federal
Plasa, Room loll. New York, New York
10007 (312) 204—3073
Region 1fl Secretarial Rep.a...i.tative, VA
Department of Transportation Mall Build-
ing. Suits 1214.325 Chestnut Street, Phils-
delphi ., Pennsylvania 19100 (210) 597-040?
Region IV Secretarial Representative, US.
Department of Transportation, Suits 515,
1720 Peachtree Rd.. NW. Atlanta, Georgia
90309(404)520-3739
Segics V Secretarial Representative, U.S.
Department of TransportatIon, 17th Floor,
300 5 Wacker Drive, Chicago, illinois
90000 (112) 159-4000
R4glos V Secretsaiaf U .S. De-
partmsntof Transportation, 9-0-18 Federal
Center, 1100 Commerce Street. Dallas,
Terse 71202 (214) 149—1951
Region Vfl Secretarial Representative, U .S.
Department of TransportatIon, 001 B. 12th
Street. Room 034, F”u City. Missouri
54100 ( I I I) 1 14— 2 781
Region YIn SecretarIal Repraasntatlve, VA
Department of Transportation, Prudential
Plan, SUItS 1822. 1050 17th Street, Denver.
Cotereda 50225(303)037-3242
Region Secretarial Representative. U.S.
Department of TPs sportation, 450 Oolden
Oat. Avenue. Box 39113, San Francisco
California 94102 (411) 884-5901
Region H Secretarial R. 1 ...s.ntative, U.S.
Department c i Transportation. 3321 Sec.
end Avenue, Room 50 1, Seattle. Washington
99101 (200) 443-0090
PenmaL aviallon Learmonsaviow
New England Region, Offic, of the Regional
Director. Federal Aviation Administration,
354 MIddlesex Street. Burlington, M . . 1 .
chusetta 01803 (117) 372—2150
Eastern Region, 0590, 51 the Regional Direc.
i cr, Federal Aviation AdminIstratIon. Fed-
eral Building. JP International Airport.
Jamaica. New York 11410 (212) 505-3333
Southern Region, Office of the Regional Di-
rector. Federal Aviation Administration.
P.O. Box 20030. Atlanta. Georgia $0320
(404) 520—7222
Great lakes Region. Office of the Regional
Director, Federal Aviation Administration,
2300 East Devon, Des Flames. Illinois 00018
(312) 004-4500
Seuthwest Region, Office of the Regional Di-
rector. Federal Aviation Adn ’inlstrstion,
P.O. Box 1019, Port Worth, Tezaa 71101
(017) 034-4911
Central Region, Office of the Regional Direc-
tor. Federal Aviation AdmInIstratIon. 001
B. 12th Street. aansas City, MissourI 04108
( II I) 374—5628
Rocky Mountain Region, Office of the Re-
gional Director, Federal Aviation Admin-
istration. Park Hill Station, P.O. Box 7111,
Denver, Colorado 80207 (303) 827-3540
Western Region, Oftee of the Regional Direc-
tor, Federal Aviation Administration, P.O.
Box 92001, WorldWay Postal Center. Los
Angeles, California 90009 (311) 510-1427
Northwest Region, Office ci the Regional Di-
rector . Federal Aviation Adrslnistration_,
FAA Building, Boeing Plaid. Seattle, Wash-
ington 95108 (208) 707—3790
p—- . nscxway Lemenavemoir
Region 1, Regional Administrator, Pa4. 1
Highway AdminIstration, 4 Itor.wI.bifl
Boulevard, Delmar, Raw York 12054 (518)
472-4470
RegIon 3, Regional Administrator, Federal
Highway Administration, Room 3021,
Oeorge H. Pbllon Federal Office Building.
51 Hopkins Plas. , Baltimore, Maryland
21201 (303) 919-2351
RegIon 4. RegIonal Administrator, Federal
Highway Administration, Suite 200, 1720
Peachtree Road, NW., Atlanta, Georgia
30300 (404) 528-5018
RegIon 5. Regional A nlnlsb ’ator, Federal
Highway_Administration, Dials Highway,
Homewood, IllinoIs 00430 (313) 799-0300
Region I. Regional Ai ., . ntmntor, Federal
Highway Admln atIon, $19 ‘ihylor Street,
Port Worth, Teans 70102 (817) 134-3332
Regtm ‘1, RegIonal Administrator,. Federal
Highway 5 dmlnistration, P.O. Doe 1180,
Country Club Station, - — - City, His-
eourl 84113 (516) UI—ThIS
Region 8, Regional AdmInIstrator, Federal
Highway Administration, Room 242, BuIld-
ing 40. Denver Federal Center, Denver,
Icrado 60225
Region 9, Regional Administrator. Federal
Highway AdmInistration, 450 Golden Oat.
Avenue, Box 36096. fan Francisco, CalIfor-
nia 94102 (415) 550-3895
RegIon 30. RegIonal Administrator, Federal
Highway Administration, Room 412. Mo-
hawk BuildIng, 222 SW. Morripon Street.
Portland, Ceegon 97204 (503) 321-2005
vn.s me.. eas... ...a?soir
Ie I, Office ( the UMTA Representative,
Urban Mass Transportation Administra-
tion, TransportatIon Systems Center. Tech-
nology Building. Room 277, 55 Broadway,
Boston, Msesscbusetts 02142 (017) 494-.
2055
Region U, Office of the UMTA Representative,
Urban Mom Transportation Administra-
tIon, 20 Federal Plaza, SuIte 1809, New
York, New York 10007 (b12) 384-1262
Region m, Office of the UMTA Representa-
tive, Urban Mass Transportation “InIs-
tratlon, Mall Building, SuIt. 1214, 325
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania 19106 (210) 597-0407
Region l v. Offles of UMTA Representative,
Urban Man Transportation Administra-
tion, 1720 Peachtree Road, Northwest,
Suite 501, Atlanta, Georgia 30309 (404)
Region V. Office of the UMTA Representative.
Urban Mass Transportation Administra-
tIon, 300 South Washer Drive, Suite 700,
Chicago, illInois 00000 (312) 353-6005
Region VI, Office of the OMTA Repreventa-
tive. Urban Hase Transportation Admin-
istration, Federal Center. Suite 9124, 1100
Commerce Street, Dallas, Texas 75202 (214)
749-7322
Region VI I, Office of the UMTA Rapre.,nta-
ties, Urban Mass Transportation Adminis-
tration, 0 ,0 FAA “ gement Systems Di-
vision, 156D, 001 East 13th Street,
City. Missouri 04100 (810) 374.-
5687
Region VIn, Office of the UMTA Represents-
tive Urban Mass Transportation Admbtie-
b’stlon, Prudential Plaza, Suite 1822, 1050
17th Street, Denver, Colorado 80202 (303)
857-3242
Region . Office of the UXTA Repreaenta-
tin, Urban Mass Transportation Adminis-
tration, 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box
30125, San Francisco, California 94102(410)
550-3904
Region H, Offloe ci the VMTA Representative,
Urban Mass Transportation Administra-
tIon, 1131 Second Avenue, SuIte 5079, Seat-
tle, Washington (200) 442-0690
meraavmmrr or vms
Office of Assistant Secretary for AdmInIstra-
tion, Department of the Treasury, Wash-
ington. D.C. 20220 904-5391
veers —-- . arm eaenr coseensoros
Office of the Chairman, Upper Mt i ippI
River Basin C d1on, Federal Office
BuildIng, Fort SneUlng, TwIn Cities, Mli i-
nesota 55111 (112) 724-4620
warn rssowom
Office ci the h. wIate Director, Watar Re-
aourcss Council, 2120 L Street, NW., Suit.
800. Washington, D.C. 30037 354-6442
Ammm 1V—Se ’arz errs LocaL Aczwcv
Rxvs.w or Iirracr Svsrziarrre
1. 0MB Circular No. A-IS through It. 575-
tent of clearinghouses provides a means for
securing the views of State and local environ-
mental agencies, which can .edst in th. prep-
aration of impact statementa. Under A-OS,
review of the proposed project In the ease of
federally assisted projects (Part I ci A-IS)
generally takes place prior to the preparation
of the Impact statement. Therefore, com-
ments on the environmental effects c i the
prcpoesd project that are secured during
this stage of the A-IS p reprecant In-
puts to the envlrocmentsi Impact statement.
2. In the case of direct Federal develop-
ment (Part II of A-IS), Federal agencies are
required to consult with clearinghouses at
the earliest practicable time In the plannInj
of the project or activity. Where such con-
sultatIon occurs prior to completion of the
draft Impact statement, comments relating
to the environmental effects of the propoaed
action would also represent Input. to the on-
vironmental impact statement,
3. In either case, whatever comment. arc
made on environmental effect, of piopisied
Federal or federally aaslsted projects by clear-
inghouses, or by State and local environ-
mental agencIes through clearlnghouaee, In
the course of the A-Os review ebould be at-
tached to the draft Impact statement when
It is circulated for review. Copies of the state-
ment should be sent to the agencies making
euch comments. Whether those agencies then
elect to comment again on the basis of the
draft impact statement is a matter to be
left to the discretion of the commenting
agency depending on Its resources, the signifl-
canoe of the project. and the extent to which
its earlier comments were oonaldered In pre.
paring the draft statement.
4. The clesrtnghouaos may elco ho used.
by mutual agreement, for securing reviews
of the draft environmental impact state-
ment. However, the Federal agency may wish
to deal directly with appropriate Stat. or
local agencIes in the review of Impact state-
ment. because the clearthghouees may be
unwilling or unable to handle ibis phase of
the process. In some cases, the Governor may
have designated a speclSc agency, other than
the clearinghouse, for securing review. of Im-
pact statements. In any case, the clearing-
houses should be sent copies of the Impact
statement.
5. To aid clearinghouses In coordinating
State and local comments, draft statements
should Include copies Of State and local
agency comments made earlier under the
A-OS process and should indicate on the sum-
mary sheet those other sgenclre from ohich
comments have been requested, as specified
in Appendix I ci the CBQ Guidelines.
tPR Doc.’13.-lS7 13 Filed 7-Sl-73;9:45
a
( .1
I ’,
-------
—33—
and local officials. The EPA Regional Administrator’s office should be able
to answer many program questions directly. Contact information for these
offices is shown below.
Region I (Connecticut, Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont)
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2203
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Regional Administrator 617/223-7210
Public Affairs Director 617/223—4704
Region II: (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands)
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 1009
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10007
Regional Administrator 212/264-2525
Public Affairs Director 212/254-2515
Region III (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia)
Environmental Protection Agency
Curtis Building
6th & Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Regional Administrator 215/597-9814
Director, Congressional & Public Affairs
215/597—9370
Region IV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
Environmental Protection Agency
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Regional Administrator 404/881—5727
Public Affairs Director 404/881—3004
-------
—34—
Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin)
Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Regional Administrator 312/353—5250
Public Affairs Director 312/353-5800
Region VI (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 1100
1600 Patterson Street
Dallas, Texas 75201
Regional Administrator 214/749-1962
Public Affairs Director 214/749-1962
Region VII (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska)
Environmental Protection Agency
1735 Baltimore Avenue
Kansas City, Missouri 64108
Regional Administrator 816/374-5493
Public Affairs Director 816/374-5894
Region VIII (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah
Wyoming)
Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 900
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Regional Administrator 303/837—3895
Public Affairs Director 303/837—4905
Region IX (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada)
Environmental Protection Agency
100 California Street
San Francisco, California 94111
Regional Administrator 415/556-2320
Chief, External & Inter- 415/556—6266
Governmental Branch
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U ,
STANDARD FEDERAL REGIONS
VIRGIN ISLANDS
PUERTO RICO o
cz7C
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—36—
Region x (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
Environmental Protection Agency
1200 6th Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
Regional Administrator 206/442—1220
Public Affairs Director 206/442—1203
EPA’s regulatory mission and funding authority for environmental improvements
are organized by program area. Information contacts in a number of key
offices are listed below.
Air Quality and Waste Office of Air and Waste Management (has
Management responsibility for EPA’S air, solid waste,
noise and radiation programs, related
policy evaluation assistance and selected
demonstration projects.)
Edward Tuerk 202/755—0482
Regional Liaison and Special Projects Officer
Doyle Borchers 202/755—0470
Emission Standards and Engineering Division
(responsible for developing national emission
standards for hazardous pollutants, national
Emission Standards performance standards for new sources, and
conducting emission tests, as support data.
Provides technical assistance on control
technology.)
Durham, North Carolina 27711
Donald Goodwin 919/688-8146
Monitoring and Data Analysis (analyzes and
evaluates air quality, emission and related
engineering data. Develops methodologies
for determination of trends on standards
Monitoring attainment; operates national data bank for
air quality and emission data; evaluates air
pollution control strategies; reviews
environmental impact statements.)
Durham, North Carolina 27711
Robert Neligan 919/688-8146
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(Air Quality & Waste Management, Cont’d.)
Office of Air Quality Planning and
Planning and Standards Standards , Research Triangle Park,
Durham, North Carolina 27711
Walt Barber 919/688-8146
Control Program Development Division
(has responsibility for developing tech-
nical policy, procedures and guidelines
for control programs; provides technical
direction, support, and initiation of
Regional Control regional activities, including implementa-
Implementation Plans tion plans; conducts manpower development
and training programs; compiles and dis-
seminates technical information).
Durham, North Carolina 27711
Jean Schueneman 919/688-8146
Strategies and Air Standards Division
(identifies pollutants and analyzes con-
trol strategy; conducts land use, trans-
Source Control portation planning and energy studies;
Strategies recommends new or revised air quality
standards and does cost studies)
Durham, North Carolina 27711
Joseph Padgett 919/688—8146
Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC ) (responsible for the col—
lection and dissemination of all domestic
Technical Information and foreign technical literature related
to air pollution.)
Durham, North Carolina 27711
Peter Halpin 919/549-8411
Community Development Office of Federal Activities, Community
Development Liaison Staff Hg (acts as a
focal point for EPA contacts with other
Federal agencies responsible for, or
involved in, community development pro-
grams, particularly on environmental
impact statements and Federal activities
that affect the environment)
Joseph McCabe, Wash., D.C. 202/245-3066
Noise Abatement Office of Noise Abatement and Control
Chuck Elkins 202/557—7777
Pollution Control Technology Office of Monitoring and Technical Support
Albert Trakowski 202/426—2202
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(Pollution Control Technology, Cont’d.)
Office of Energy, Minerals & Industry
Richard Laska 202/755—4857
Office of Air, Land and Water Use
William Frietsch 202/426—4255
Pollution Effects on Health Office of Health and Ecological Effects
and Environment Harry Thron 202/755-0611
Science Advisory Board
Patricia Williams 202/557—7710
Radiation Office of Radiation Programs
Dr. Robert Augustine 202/755-4894
Solid Waste Management Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
Sheldon Meyers 202/755—9170
Technical Information Staff
Thomas F. Williams 202/254-74Th
Solid Waste Information Retrieval
System (SWIRS )
John Connolly 202/755-9157
Water and Hazardous Materials Office of the Assistant Administrator for
Water and Hazardous Materials Headquarters
Betty West 202/755-0511
Criteria and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division
Hazardous Discharge (develops water quality, toxic effluent
and hazardous discharge standards; de-
velops guidance for lake restoration,
vessel waste control, and control of
in—place toxic pollutants)
Kenneth Mackenthun 202/755-0100
Pesticides Information Branch, Office of Pesticide
Programs
Paul Fuschini 202/426—2432
Toxic Substances Office of Toxic Substances
Joni Repash 202/755—6956
Water Programs Office of the Deputy Assistant Adminis-
trator for Water Program Operations Hg
Ralph Hart 202/426—2518
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—39-
(Water Programs, Cont’d.)
Water Planning Division (assists the
states and regional agencies in estab-
lishing water quality standards and in
Coordinati9n, State planning local water resources manage—
Pollution Control ment; develops policies related to state
program grants; develops and coordinates
overall water pollution control strategy
for EPA; develops non-point source insti—
utional controls and guidelines)
Edmund Notzon 202/755—6928
Office of Water Supply (develops criteria
and minimum standards for the quality of
Drinking Water Supply drinking water systems)
Dr. Ervin Bellack 202/755-5643
Effluent Guidelines Division (develops
guidelines for industrial wastewater
Effluent Guidelines discharge for incorporation in indus-
trial permits)
Robert Shaffer 202/426—2576
Monitoring and Data Support Division
(monitors water quality nationwide and
Monitoring maintains a data system in support of
water clean—up efforts)
Fred Leutner 202/426—7764
Oil and Special Materials Control Divi-
sion (implements plans and programs for
the prevention, and when necessary, the
Oil and Special Materials clean-up of water pollution from spills
of oil and other hazardous materials,
and ocean pollution; coordinates review
of environmental impact statements)
Kenneth Biglane 202/245—3048
Planning and Standards Office of Water Planning and Standards
David Hoadley 202/755—6868
Municipal Construction Division (provides
national direction and coordination to
Wastewater Treatment, assistance programs for the design, con-
Construction struction, operation, and maintenance of
municipal wastewater treatment)
Harold Cahill 202/426-8986
Municipal Operations and Training Division
(develops programs to use wastewater treat-
ment construction grants and permit activi—
Wastewater Treatment, ties to improve operational efficiency of
Operations municipal wastewater treatment facilities;
develops training oprograins for skilled
water pollution personnel)
Dr. Robert Zeller 202/426—8820
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—40—
Government research laboratories house rich stores of information. Publi-
cations are the usual mode of releasing their findings to the public. They
are not organized to handle requests for information by outsiders on a regular
basis. Yet, a very specific request, put at just the right place could re-
ceive an authoritative, highly substantive answer.
EPA operates 15 laboratories across the country. They are organized for
research and development in four major subject areas.
Monitoring and Technical Support
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory S. David Shearer
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Research Triangle Park, N. Carolina 27711 919/549-8411
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Dwight G. Ballinger
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 513/684-2200
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Delbert S. Barth
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
P. 0. Box 15027 702/736-2969
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
Energy, Minerals and Industry
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory John K. Burchard
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Research Triangle Park, N. Carolina 27711 919/549-8411
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory Director - Vacant
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Air, Land and Water Use
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory A. Paul Altshuller
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Research Triangle Park, N. Carolina 27711 919/549-8411
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory A. W. Breidenbach
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 513/684—8201
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Robert S. Kerr Environmental. Research William C. Galegar
Laboratory, EPA (Acting) Director
P. 0. Box 1198 405/332—8800
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA David W. Duttweiler
College Station Road (Acting) Director
Athens, Georgia 30601 404/546—3134
Health and Ecological. Effects
Health Effects Research Laboratory John H. Knelson
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Research Triangle Park, N. Carolina 27711 919/549-8411
Health Effects Research Laboratory John Garner
Environmental Protection Agency (Acting) Director
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 513/684—8201
Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA A. F. Bartsch
200 SW 35th Street (Acting) Director
Corvallis, Oregon 97330 503/752—4211
Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA Donald I. Mount
7201 Congdon Boulevard (Acting) Director
Duluth, Minnesota 55804 218/727—6692
Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA Eric D. Schneider
South Ferry Road (Acting) Director
Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 401/847—8176
Environmental. Research Laboratory, EPA Thomas W. Duke
Sabine Island (Acting) Director
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561 904/932—5326
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Besides the Environmental Protection Agency, there are other Federal
agencies with more or less comprehensive environmental responsibilities.
Some of these are cited below, along with addressed where inquiries may
be made for program information, references to available reports, refer-
rals to knowledgeable individuals within their respective organizations
or information about regional matters.
Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration
Office of Public Affairs, Room 7019
14th St. and Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20230
Tel: 202/377—5113
Concerned with depressed areas, overall
economic development planning.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration, Office of Coastal Zone Management
3300 Whitehaven Parkway
Washington, D.C. 202035
Tel: 202/634—4235
Regional officials for this program are
assigned to monitor activities in different
parts of the nation but they are stationed
in Washington.
Department of Housing and Office of Policy Development and Research
Urban Development 451-7th Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20410
202/655—5600
Office of Environmental Quality
451-7th Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20410
202/755—6308
These two DHUD offices have information on
the environmental aspects of housing, com-
prehensive planning and community develop-
ment under DHUD’s purview. The Department
has assembled nationwide data on State en-
vironmental management planning and policy
for its own use in monitoring program require-
ments. The information is a good base for
studying comparative approaches among the
states as well.
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Department of the Interior The partial listing of offices within the
Department of Interior indicates the range
for the Department’s responsibilities. Pur-
suit of these many and varied missions has
made the Department a most important source
of information about the nation’s land,
water and mineral resources.
Bureau of Land Management
Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20240
202/343—5717
Besides managing the Nation’s 450 million
acres of Federal lands, the Bureau is res-
ponsible for surveying these lands, main-
taining public records, arranging leases
between the Federal government and state and
local government agencies and non—profit
organizations for portions of these lands,
mineral leasing on public land held by
other Federal agencies, and leasing of
mineral deposits of the Outer Continental
Shelf.
Bureau of Mines
Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20240
202/343—2052
The Bureau of Mines does research with the
objective of fostering private sector dev-
elopment of the Nation’s mineral and fuel
resources to serve national needs, and seeing
that such exploitation occurs with the mini-
mum of waste and social and environmental
damage. Research subjects include laws per-
taining to technology of minerals processing,
use, reuse and disposal, as well as mine
health and safety.
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20240
202/343—4805
This Bureau is the Federal focal point for
coordination of planning and financing for
public outdoor recreation and fostering
conservation and use of the nation’s out-
door recreation resources. They assist
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(Dept. of Interior, Cont’d.)
states with grants and technical assistance,
study certain rivers and trails for possible
inclusion in the national wild and scenic
rivers and trails systems, and analyze their
inventories of recreation resources available
in light of long-range national needs.
Bureau of Reclamation
Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20240
202/343—4662
The Bureau studies and plans for regulation
and utilization of water and related land
resources in the 17 western states under
its jurisdiction; it conducts research into
water resource use and builds water projects
with funds as appropriated by Congress;
in connection with its water resources proj-
ects the Bureau administers repayment arrange-
ments by water-user districts and manages
matters associated with electric power
generated by its water projects.
- Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife
Washington, D.C. 20240
202/343—5634
The Bureau is concerned with the conservation,
management and protection of land and water
environments. Activities include biological
monitoring, surveillance of pesticides,
heavy metals, thermal pollution, fish and
wildlife populations, and ecological studies.
Responsibilities include protection of en-
dangered species of wildlife, conservation
education, and administration of grant pro-
grams to states for projects to conserve and
enhance the Nation’s fishery resources.
U,S, Geological Survey
National Center
Reston, Virginia 22092
703/860—7000
The Geological Survey is charged with the
classification of the public lands and the
examination of the geological structure,
mineral resources and products of the
national domain. Their survey mission
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-45 -
(Dept. of Interior, Cont’d.)
extends outside the national domain as well.
The U.S.G.S. does topographic mapping and
chemical and physical research, gauging of
water streamf lows, measurement of quality
distribution and availability of both sur-
face and groundwater, publication and sale
of their survey products, e.g. the Catalog
of Information on Water Data . They conduct
hydrologic studies of the interrelations
between climate, topography, vegetation,
soils and the water supply; and operate the
Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS)
for remote-sensor—acquired earth science
data. Photographic products from aerial
and satellite-borne cameras are sold from
the EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South
Dakota, Tel: 605/339-2270
Geological Survey maps, reports and publica-
tions can be examined at the following
places:
Geological Sirvey Library
Denver Field Center Library
Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225
Menlo Park Field Center Library
Menlo Park, California 91025
Map and Field Data Sections
Arlington, Virginia
Rolla, Missouri
Denver, Colorado
Menlo Park, California
Office of Oil and Gas (Headquarters;and field
offices in Boston; Denton, Texas; Chicago,
Denver, San Francisco, Houston and New
Orleans)
Publishes technical pamphlets on worldwide
crude oil prices, distribution and tanker
use, supply and demand in support of its
oil and gas policy setting mission.
Office of Saline Water (Headquarters)
Contracts for and makes grants for research
into saline water conversion and use.
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(Dept. of Interior, Cont’d.)
Office of Water Resources Research
202/343-4607
Makes grants and contracts for water re-
sources research and training; publishes
Water Resources Research Catalog (available
from the Superintendent of Documents, GPO)
and Selected Water Resources abstracts
(available from National Technical Inforxna-
tion Service, Springfield, Va. 22151 by
subscription). They operate a water re-
sources scientific information center as
well with special document collections on
animal feed lot wastes, textile wastes and
thermal pollution.
Resource and Land Information Program (RALI )
(Geological Survey)
Provides mapped data for U.S. and multi-state
areas at scales of 1:100,000 — 1:250,000,
much of which will be suitable for computer
compilation, interpretation, analysis and
display plus detailed coverage of state -and
local high priority areas at larger scales.
RALI provides raw field data such as fish
counts, interpreted information such as
assessment of landslide potential or build-
ing suitability of soils in specific loca-
tions, predictions of flood potential or
applications of analytic models to predict
outcome of alternative policies.
For additional environmental inventory information,* the U.S. Geological
Survey and the Department of Housing and Urban Development list several
sources, (see following page).
It would be advisable to start with the state agencies whose environmental
management and planning activity call for use of this data. They would
*State, regional and local needs for natural resource data are currently
a subject of high interest. Intensified environmental responsibilities
require more and better data than ever before. The Geological Survey’s
Resource and Land Information Program has information on the current
status of this problem. An earlier effort to survey the inventory
data available for the states was made by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and Smithsonian Institution, but their publication is out
of print.
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—47-.
T*iji 2 —Some sourtes ear h-acgenc, information
Federal agencies
U S Department of the Interior
Geological Survey
Bureau of Mines
Bureau of Reclamation
Bureau of Land Management
U S Department of Agriculture
Extension Service
Soil Conservation Service
Forest Service
U.S Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
U S Department of Army
Army Corps of Engineers
Energy Research and Development Administration
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Tennessee Valley Authority
State divisions or departments
Agriculture
Conservation
Forestry
Geological Surveys
Oil and Gas
Soil Conservation
Fish and Game
Water Resources
Water Quality
Mineral Resources
Colleges and universities
County or city departments or special districts
Planning
Water
Flood Control
Agriculture
Parks and Recreation
Engineering
Building and Safety
Public Works
Private producers
Consulting finns
Private colleges and universities
Professional societies
Industries with in-house capabilities
Source: Earth—Science Information in Land-Use Planning --
Guidelines for Earth Scientists and Planners , by
William Spangle & Associates; F. Beach Leighton &
Associates; and Baxter, McDonald & Company. Geo-
logical Survey Circular 721, 1976, p. 5.
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—48—
be familiar with what each source offers and its usefulness for the
intended purpose, as well as materials locally available and suffic-
iently detailed for state and local uses. Names and addresses of the
states’ environmental program administrators are shown in the directory
which is appended.
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—49—
Federal Government Data Systems and Information Centers
The U.S. Government has established many technical information systems,
among them a considerable number handling environmental subjects. Some of
the systems are mainly for intragovernmental use. Other sources will be
useful primarily to scientists capable of interpreting the data in the form
as it emerges.
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) carries a wide—ranging
selection of studies are reports useful to the layman. Its function is to
distribute this material; and it does so in a variety of forms and through
several services described in the “Secondary Literature” section of this
guide. NTIS’ weekly publications announcements and annual indexes are
available for annual charges of $60 or so. For such subject groupings as
“environmental pollution,” “urban technology,” “state and local government”
they tell the searcher what the system holds. Orders for stapled paper
reports (hard copy) or microfiche can be placed by mail. Prices are reason-
able, geared to the reproduction costs entailed by the document’s size.
All EPA reports and publications are entered into the NTIS system, but other
agencies do not use this clearinghouse to the same extent. HUD, for example,
has very few of its studies available in NTIS reprint. The Department of
Interior usually publishes through the Government Printing Office.
The following list* identifies the systems, the agencies that operate them
and their respective missions. It illustrates the wide range of environmental
subjects on which data is systematically collected, stored and made available
for later retrieval.
Agriculture: Current Research Information System , Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. To keep up to
date on investigations of ongoing agricultural
research scientists and provide information on
the ongoing research programs of the Dept. of
Agriculture. Not a bibliographic source.
*Source: Martha C. Sager and Charles M. Cargille, “Information Handling in
Environmental Sciences” in Management of Information Handling Sys-
tems , Paul W. Howerton, Ed., Hayden Book Co.: Rochelle Park,
N.J. 1974.
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(Agriculture) National Agricultural Library , Beltsville,
Maryland. To acquire and announce published
information on subjects connected with agri-
culture. Holdings are in AGRICOLA data
base, computerized for on—line search.
Prime and Unique Farmlands Inventory , USDA
Soil Conservation Service. To survey and
document all prime and unique farmlands,
nationwide.
Air Pollution & Control: Air Pollution Control Office , Raleigh, North
Carolina. To provide technical and legal
assistance to state and local air pollution
control agencies.
Air Pollution Technical Information Center ,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. To
acquire, store, retrieve, reproduce, and dis-
seminate needed air pollution technical
information and to coordinate activities with
other libraries.
Air Resources Laboratories, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration , Silver Spring,
Maryland. To study and quantify the transport,
diffusive, and removal properties of the atmos-
phere as it affects pollution.
Division of Health Effects Research , Bureau of
Criteria and Standards, Air Pollution Control
Office, Durham, North Carolina. To develop
intelligence relative to the effects of air
pollution on health.
nergency Operations Control Center, Air Pol-
lution Control Office , Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. To receive data relating to
air pollution episodes.
Federal Facilities Air Pollution Inventory
Program , Federal Facilities Branch, Air Pollu-
tion Control Office, Rockville, Maryland. To
store and analyze information regarding the
Federal contribution to regional air pollution.
Fuel Additive Registration, Air Pollution Con-
trol Office , Durham, North Carolina. Registra-
tion of fuel additives in fuels designated by
the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency.
National Meteorologic Center , National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather
Service, Suitland, Maryland. Analysis and pre-
diction of air pollution potential.
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(Air Pollution & Control) Storage and Retrieval of Air Quality Data
( SAROAD) , Data Systems Section, Division of
Air Quality and Emission Data, Cincinnati,
Ohio. An air quality data bank to provide
summaries and data to contributing agencies and
researchers upon request.
Animals and Plants: Biogeochemical Ecology Information Center ,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee. To make both bibliographic refer-
ences and environmental data available to sci-
entists and others conducting research in, or
making decisions about, the environment.
Ecological Information and Analysis Center ,
Batte].le Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio.
To collect and retrieve information relevant
to bioenvironmental and ecological studies.
Environmental Pollution Effects of Aquatic
Resources , Montlake Biological Laboratory,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle,
Washington. To provide information concern-
ing environmental variables and their effects
upon aquatic biota.
Flora North America Program , Dept. of Botany
Smithsonian Institution, Wash. ,D.C., Biologi-
cal research & maintenance of an electronic
data bank on the vascular plants of the North
American continent north of Mexico, including
ecological data.
Smithsonian Institution Libraries , Natural His-
tory Building, Washington, D.C. To supply
information from the literature documenting
the characteristics of the biota.
Biomedical: Carcinogenesis Bioassay Data System , NIH, Beth-
esda, Maryland. To develop a computer system
for selected information generated by the Car-
cinogenesis Bioassay Program and to provide for
publication of the results of literature survey
in the field of carcinogenesis.
Environment Hygiene Agency , Department of the
Army, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. To store
and disseminate toxicologic and environmental
pollution data.
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(Biomedical) Environmental Mutagen Information Center ,
Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. To collect
information of the genetic effects of chemicals
and environmental pollutants.
Information Center for Internal Exposure ,
Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Estimation
of dose received from internally deposited
radionuclides and analysis of information
relevant to metabolic questions involved in
estimating internal exposure.
Information Storage and Referral Section , Nat-
ional Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Pri-
marily, to provide information internally to the
Institute’s Scientific Directorate and to
intramural scientists.
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sys-
tem (MEDLARS) , National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Maryland. To index the literature of
medicine and related fields and publish biblio-
graphies of the biomedical literature and pre-
pare searches of computer-stored citations on
request.
Office of Information, Bureau of Radiological
Health , Rockville, Maryland. To collect and
retrieve literature dealing with X-ray,
radiation, and radiological health.
Pesticide Effects on Health , Division of Com-
munity Studies, EPA, Chamblee, Georgia. To
collect clinical & biochemistry information and
literature on pesticides & their effects on
health; to disseminate through publications and
reference services its findings.
Radiological Health Library, Bureau of Radio-
logical Health , Rockville, Maryland. Central-
ized storage of books, journals, and technical
reports for support of research projects within
the agency.
Radiotoxico].ogy Information Center , Southeast
Radiological Health Laboratory, Montgomery, Ala-
bama. To act as poison control center with
regard to exposure to radioisotopes and to pro-
vide bibliographies concerning isotope toxicology.
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(Biomedical) Scientific Reference Services Branch , Bureau
of Occupation Safety and Health, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Dissemination of technical information
on occupational safety and health.
Toxicology Information Program , National
Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. To
computerize general data banks for the toxi-
cological literature and about toxicologists,
and to perform reference services in toxicology.
Land Use: Geologic Division, U.S. Geological Survey , Wash.,
D.C. The identification of topographic, hydro-
logic geological structure & other factors that
bear on the use of the land & maintenance of
environmental quality.
Housing and Urban Development Library, Depart-
ment of Housing and Urban Development , Wash.,
D.C. Provides technical information & docu-
mentation resources & service in housing and
urban affairs.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ,
Landsat - Imagery of earth conditions from remote-
sensing satellite data (ERTS follow-on program)
Public Land Cleanup , Bureau of Land Management,
Wash., D.C. To make the public aware of the
problems of land pollution through education and
participation in actual cleanup projects.
Resource and Land Investigations , U.S. Geological
Survey. To make land capability & resources
survey data & maps available for state & local
users.
Noise: Transportation Noise Research Information Ser-
vice , Highway Research Board, National Research
Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washing-
ton, D.C. To develop and operate a storage
and retrieval system for transportation noise
research information and advise on needs and
goals in the area of noise abatement.
Nuclear Science: Division of Technical Information , Extension
Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
To collect the international nuclear science
literature and disseminate literature of the
Atomic Energy Commission and its contractors.
Isotopes Information Center , Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. To collect
and disseminate information on production and
uses of radioisotopes.
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(Nuclear Science) Nuclear Safety Information Center , Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
To collect all relevant information for dis-
semination to the nuclear community and
enhance the growth of the U.S. nuclear industry.
Radiation Effects Information Center , Battelle
Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio. To provide
information on radiation effects on materials,
devices, and systems to government and industry.
Outdoor Recreation: Catalog of Outdoor Recreation Research , Bureau
of Outdoor Recreation, Department of the Inter-
ior, Washington, D.C. To assemble descriptions
of outdoor recreation and related environmental
research projects.
Pollution Control Environmental Patent Priority Program Informa-
Technology: tion , Office of Information Services, Patent
Office, Washington, D.C. To publicize the pro-
gram of the Patent Office in giving priority in
processing of patents to improve the air, water,
or soil, and to provide other relevant
information.
Power Sources: Electrotechnology Laboratory , Mobility Equip-
ment Research and Development Center, Depart-
ment of the Arxn ’, Fort Belvoir, Virginia.
Development of silent, efficient, reliable,
and clean power sources.
Resources Inventory: Division of Technical Reports , Office of
Mineral Information, Bureau of Mines, Depart-
ment of Interior, Washington, D.C. To conduct
inquiries concerning mining and disseminate the
results of its findings.
Engineering Topographic Laboratories, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers , Ft. Belvoir, Virginia.
Provision of environmental planning documents.
Natural Resources Library , Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C. To provide liter-
ature-based information relating to the present
and anticipated needs of the Department of the
Interior missions.
Socioeconomic Data: RUSTIC program, Division of Biomedical and
Environmental Research , ERDA. To supplement
state, regional & local govt. data capability,
assist state & regional agencies in providing
information & assistance to local officials &
facilitate exchange among various levels of
govt. regarding data needs and uses.
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Solid Waste: Solid Waste Information Retrieval System (SWIRS )
Solid Waste Management Office, Environmental
Protection Agency, Rockville, Maryland. To
provide published information on solid waste
management.
Technical Information, Aerospace Research Applications Center,
General and Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. To
Miscellaneous : develop communication channels for the exploi-
tation of the technical information resources
of the U.S. on a financially self-supporting
basis.
Alloy Data Center , National Bureau of Stan-
dards, Washington, D.C. To maintain aware-
ness of data activity in the area of physical
properties of metals and alloys.
Center for Short—Lived Phenomena , Smithsonian
Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts. An
early alert system and clearinghouse for
information on short-lived natural events such
as volcanic eruptions, etc.
Chemical Kinetics Information Center , National
Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. To col-
lect and retrieve data on the rates of chemical
reactions.
Chemical Thermodynamic Data Center , National
Bureau of Stndards, Washington, D.C. To
select best values of the chemical thermo-
dynamic properties of pure substances and
aqueous solutions.
Defense Documentation Center , Cameron Station,
Alexandria, Virginia. A central collection
point for current Department of Defense research
and technology.
Environmental and Radiological Health Labora-
tories . Headquarters USAF/SBPAAP, Washington,
D.C. To conduct programs to support the mis-
sion of the Air Force, from which information
applicable to the general national effort of
improving environmental quality may become
available.
Environmental Science Information Center (ESIC) ,
National Ocean & Atmospheric Administration. To
maintain literature-based information system com-
plementary to NOAA’s data systems & facilitate
retrieval through the technical library & clearing-
house on state & local coastal zone management.
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(Technical Information, Environment Systems Application Center , mdi—
General and ana University, Bloomington, md. To provide
Miscellaneous) environmental information, including storage and
retrieval systems & referral services.
Environmental Technical Applications Center ,
Dept. of the Air Force, Navy Yard Annex, Wash.,
D.C. To store & retrieve environmental data
required by the Dept. of Defense & authorized
contractors.
National Climatic Center , Federal Building,
Asheville, N.C. To provide a ready access to
climatological & geophysical data and expedite
their application to numerous fields of endeavor,
e.g. hydrological, meteorological; sells
satellite photographic products.
National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestria Data
Center (NASDC) , National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado.
National Technical Information Service , (For-
merly Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and
Technical Information), Department of Commerce,
Springfield, Virginia. To make available the
results of Government-sponsored research in
science, engineering, and business.
Office of the Information Centers Coordinator ,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Ten-
nessee. To maintain liaison between the 12
information centers within the laboratory and
facility contact with outside information
handling agencies.
Science and Technology Division , Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C. Maintains the
largest collection of technical literature, pro-
vides bibliographic and reference service, and
publishes directories, including many concerned
with environmental quality.
Science Information Exchange , Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C. To promote ex-
change of scientific information by an inventory
of current research project summaries.
Scientific Information and Documentation Divi-
sion , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration, Rockville, Maryland. Supervision of
NOAA’s scientific information activities and
coordination with other government agencies
and the scientific community.
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(Technical Information, Technical Libraries , Tennessee Valley Author-
General and ity, Knoxville, Tenn., Chattanooga, Tenn., and
Miscellaneous) Muscle Shoals, Alabama. To disseminate informa-
tion on air, water, ground & other types of
pollution & environmental quality as they concern
TVA and the Tennessee Valley.
Water: Construction and Engineering Division , Bureau of
Domestic Commerce, Dept. of Commerce, Wash. ,D.C.
To evaluate industrial water demands & provide
assessments of present and future needs.
Eutrophication Information Program , Univ. of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. To expedite the ex-
change of information in eutrophication and
related aspects of lakes & other inland bodies
of water.
Federal Water Quality Technical Information and
Management Planning System , Water Quality Office,
Arlington, Va. To provide information for plan-
ning the water quality research & development
program.
Maritime Environmental Protection Program , Com-
mandant (OLE), U.S. Coast Guard, Wash. ,D.C. To
prevent pollution of the maritime environment and
coordinate Federal activities in response to spills.
Mobility Equipment Research and Development
Center , Dept. of the Army, Ft. Belvoir, Va.
Development of power sources & purifiers for
removal of dissolved minerals & chemical—bio-
logical—radiological agents from water.
National Flood Insurance Program, Federal Insur-
ance Agency , Dept. of Housing & Urban Development.
Identifies & maps flood—prone areas & “special
flood hazard” locations in connection with its
regulations & flood insurance activities.
National Ocean Survey , Oceanographic Division,
Office of Hydrography and Oceanography, Rock-
yule, Md. To observe tides & tidal currents;
translate or digitize, reduce, analyze, compile,
store & retrieve the data & to predict tides and
tidal currents.
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(Technical Information, Technical Libraries , Tennessee Valley Author-
General and ity, Knoxville, Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tenn.,
Miscellaneous) and Muscle Shoals, Alabama. To disseminate
information on air, water, ground, and other
types of pollution and environmental quality
as they concern TVA and the Tennessee Valley.
Water: Construction and Engineering Division , Bureau
of Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce,
Washington, D.C. To evaluate industrial water
demands and provide assessments of present and
future needs.
Engineering Reference Branch , Breau of Recla-
mation, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado.
To store and disseminate information concerning
water resources research and development.
Eutrophication Information Program , University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. To expedite
the exchange of information in eutrophication
and related aspects of lakes and other inland
bodies of water.
Federal Water Quality Technical Information
and Management Planning System , Water Quality
Office, Arlington, Virginia. To provide in-
formation for planning the water quality
research and development program.
Maritime Environmental Protection Prc g am , Com-
mandant (OLE), U.S. Coast Guard, Washington,
D.C. To prevent pollution of the maritim en-
vironment and coordinate Federal activiites in
response to spills.
Mobility Equipment Research and Development
Center , Department of the Army, Fort Belvoir,
Virginia. Development of power sources and
purifiers for removal of dissolved minerals
and chemical—biological-radiological agents
from water.
National Ocean Survey , Oceanography Division,
Office of Hydrography and Oceanography, Rock-
vi].le, Maryland. To observe tides and tidal
currents, to translate or digitize, reduce,
analyze, compile, store, and retrieve the data
and to predict tides and tidal currents.
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(Water) National Oceanographic Data Center , National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration,
Department of Commerce, Rockville, Maryland.
To collect, process, and disseminate oceano-
graphic data (geological, biological and
physical properties of the sea water).
National Water Data Program , Water Resources
Division, Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
To quantify & assess the quality of the Nation’s
water resources & make statistical data & summary
reports available, & to develop a National Water
Data System, through which all water data acquired
in the U.S. is identified & accessible to all
users (NAWDEX).
Office of Saline Water Infor nation Program ,
Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
To disseminate technical information concern-
ing the development of desalting technology
and to study market possibilities.
Sanitary Science Division , Mobility Equipment
Research and Development Center, Department of
the Army, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. To conduct
research relative to water for the field army,
decontamination of water containing toxic
chemical, biological, and radiological agents,
and disposal of solid and liquid waste.
Water Quality Technical Data and Information
System (STORET) , Environmental Protection
Agency, Arlington, Virginia. To store and re-
trieve water quality data and other pollution
control information.
Water Resources Council , Washington, D.C. To
maintain studies on water supplies, regional
programs, means for coordination of water and
land resources policies and programs.
Water Resources Development Projects , Office of
the Chief of Engineers, Corps of Engineers,
Department of the Army, Washington, D.C. To
plan for development of the nation’s water and
related land resources to assure best use and
conservation of resources.
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
( WRSIC) , Department of the Interior, Washington,
D.C. To insure a prompt flow of information to
the Nation’s water resources community by
coordinating information services.
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(Water) World Data Center-A , National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Md.
One of nine U.S.—located discipline—oriented
subcenters of the World Data Center system,
conducting international exchange of data &
publications in accordance with the International
Council of Science. NOAA is reponsible for
materials concerning interplanetary & ionospheric
phenomena, aurora, cosmic rays, geomagnetism,
seismology, oceanographic, meteorological &
nuclear radiation subjects. USGS is responsible
for glaciology contributions; NASA for the rocket
and satellite field & the U.S. Navy for latitude
and longitude materials.
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Consultants, Contract Research Institutions
Consultants are not normally considered information resources. They do
contract with decision—makers to provide such services as literature review,
data interpretation, research, state—of-the-art or technology assessment,
design, policy advice and other similar counsel. Circumstances in which
services of consultants are desirable, are those when staff services
are unavailable, when information needed is highly judgmental or innovative
rather than strictly factual, when available information is so highly tech-
nical that it requires translation into terms relevant for policy purposes or
when information is so sparse that it requires augmentation or validation. A con-
sultant may be engaged to help structure the data-gathering and analysis
for decision—making, particularly when there is little precedent for deal-
ing with the matters at issue or when much confusion and controversy
surround conflicting representations of technical experts.
Specialists can be located through directories listed in the secondary
literature categories, through referral by professional societies and
other clients, and through citations of their published work.
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Other sources
Attendance at special progams is still another way to gain information in
the environmental field. Government agencies, universities, counterpart
organizations and public interest groups frequently sponsor events for the
purpose of exchanging knowledge, opinion or experience. Whether the pro-
grams take the form of training courses, orientation sessions, conferences,
workshops, seminars, symposia, colloquia, meetings or state—of--the—science
presentations, they are currently a popular mode of disseminating informa-
tion, and they can be very informative.
One disadvantage of these events is that they are time—consuming. A clear
advantage, which may outweigh the commitment of time, is the opportunity they
afford for personal exchange and immediate clarification of questionable
matters. Further, the participants who assemble can make first-hand acquain-
tance with people highly knowledgeable in their respective fields, people who
may be valuable contacts for information in the future.
There may be no charge made for participation at some conferences. Others
may entail fees on the order of $150 or n re for two days’ time. Many pro-
gram announcements arrive on the elected official’s desk unsolicited. Others
are publicized in journals and newsletters.
People interested after the event in what transpired sometimes have the oppor-
tunity to read about it in the sponsoring organization’s newsletter or in
published proceedings. Reports in periodicals may come out within a month
or so of the event. Proceedings will be less sketchy but can take up to
three years before they are distributed to libraries in book form.
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ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
general reference guide
SECONDARY LITERATURE
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2. Secondary Literature
By no means are the elected official’s needs for information confined to
data from environmental monitoring, inventories, current knowledqe of
governmental programs and direct advice of a few experts. Materials from
the environmental literature can be invaluable, or even essential, as a
complement to information from these other sources. This is so whether
the legislator’s task of the moment be preparing to draft a bill, gather-
ing persuasive evidence he can use in garnering support of colleagues and
constituents for his proposals, writing a speech, studying the context
issues against which he can evaluate public hearing or lobby representa-
tions, answering constituent requests or, in his legislative oversight
duties, reviewing performance of governmental agencies.
Although the legislator’s dominant mode of acquiring information is verbal
asking and listening -- he will read material which is efficiently presented.
This means it must be selectively focused on the most important points (rath-
er than comprehensive, detailed and exhaustive). It must be clear, concise,
reliable, and as up—to—date as possible. By these criteria, the primary
literature of the environmental field —— specialized, technical and diffuse
as it is —- holds little promise for the elected official directly.
Yet this literature, if tapped, can provide important contributions to the
legislator’s briefing needs. On any given issue these needs could span the
range from monitored environmental quality data, to scientific documentation
of cause—and—effect relationships, to maps which juxtapose various types of
data permitting analysis of relationships, to assessments of available tech-
nology or economic feasibility, legal interpretations, informed pre-
dictions or surveys of what his colleagues in other states are doing about
similar problems.
Because the legislator’s environmental concerns may include a number of
problems at any one time, and the focus of his interest shifts from one area
to another, there is really no single segment of the environmental literature
which can supply most of his information needs most of the time. Even in
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respect to a given problem area, many sources may be required in order
to supply information of the required range and specificity.
Fortunately, many reference tools have been developed as guides to the
literature. They can help a seeker of information learn which among the
items published, bear on the subjects of his interest. Some tools go a
little farther to give the gist of the contents or facilitate acquisition
of the originals. Some concentrate on Federal government-sponsored re-
search and reporting. Others cover commercial or professional sources.
Materials covered may be more or less up—to-date, depending on the indi-
vidual tool, and it may vary in degree of erudition or usefulness to the
layman.
Many of these tools which constitute a body of secondary literature have
been developed for use by the academic or industrial scientist, the legal
scholar, economist, historian or specialist governmental program adxninis-
trator, all of whom typically rely more than the legislator on extensive
reading as a means of gaining information.
There is no question of the help they offer for policy—oriented research
applications as well. Whether the elected official himself uses these
tools or not, he can certainly benefit from their availability, if they
improve the ability of his aides and research or reference staff to serve
him.
The directories and encyclopedias, the bibliographies, abstracts, indexes,
handbooks, newsletters and brochures can be used to point the way to fur-
ther search in the books, documents and data that constitute the primary
literature. The reference aids have intrinsic value too, inasmuch as
they can identify the strength and scope of current interest in a given
problem, what is known about it and by whom, and the nature of solutions
that have been forwarded. An information-seeker may or may not wish to
obtain original copies of a report to study contents in detail. It may
be sufficient to know that the information exists and where, so that it
can be retrieved if the need arises.
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The reference tools which comprise the secondary literature are to be
found in libraries, generally those which serve a large enough body of
users to warrant investment in these resources.
EPA’s Guide to State and Local Environmental Libraries lists numerous
centers around the country where these materials or similar ones are
available.
For example, the following libraries j Alabama are listetI :
International Center for
Aquaculture Library
Auburn University
Fisheries Building
Auburn, AL 35830
TEL: 205/826—4786
Mervyn H. Sterne Library
University College
University of Alabama in Birmingham*
University Station AL 35294
TEL: 205/934-4338
Ms. M. Virginia Jackson
When reference tools are not available in the local environmental library,
the range of services it can provide in short order is limited. Retrieving
information that would be a reference task in well-stocked library becomes
a n re elaborate research project unless the reference unit has established
channels of access to a larger library collection. Smaller collections
linked in a network can offer opportunities for sharing resources, thereby
expanding the value of each.
If State and local officials most often desire information on other state
and local environmental affairs and it is not abstracted or indexed or
available in libraries where preparers of bibliographies can review it,
then the secondary literature has limited value for them. So far it appears
that the secondary literature is most helpful on subjects national in scope
and current. These are the areas with most extensive coverage and most
readily retrievable primary materials, particularly subjects that have
come within the interest of the Federal government.
* environmental law collection is located at Sanford Law School Library
in Birmingham, as well.
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Guides to the literature of the environmental field are described in
the following pages, and some examples are cited.
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Dictionaries
When technical subjects enter the public policy arena, or when a lay public
seeks information in a very specialized field, translation of the jargon is
crucial to understanding. This is equally true for specialists in different
disciplines. The problem may be one of interpreting words, or it may extend
to entire concepts.
There are dictionaries which serve as Rosetta Stones for the environmental
field. Two examples are:
Durrenberger, Robert W., Dictionary of the
Environmental Sciences . Palo Alto, Calif:
National Press Books, 1973, 282 pp., $8.95.
Sarnoff, Paul, The New York Times Encyclo-
pedic Dictionary of the Environment . New
York: Quadrangle Books, 1971, 352 pp. $10.00.
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Encyclopedias and Almanacs and Other General Introductory Sources
For a general introduction to concepts of environmental features and
systems, pollution sources, conservation efforts and other aspects of
the field, encyclopedias can be very informative. Authors of articles
are usually identified and bibliographies, provided. Indexes and study
guides can help the user find his way to associated ideas which may
be worth pursuing in his search. One specialized source is:
McGraw-Hi].]. Encyclopedia of Environmental
Sciences . New York: McGraw—Hill, 1974,
764 pp. $24.50
The more standard Encyclopedia Brittanica , in its relatively new organi-
zation, offers the Propedia , a study guide or outline to the way in
which this reference work relates bodies of knowledge. The Micropedia
contains brief introductions to various subjects with many cross-refer-
ences; and the larger Macropedia has longer, more detailed articles.
Sources which offer overviews of a number of environmental subjects are:
The Council on Environmental Quality, Annual Report .
Washington: Government Printing Office.
Reitze, Arnold W., Jr., Environmental Planning; Law
of Land and Resources . Washington: North America
International, 1974. $19.95.
ReVelle, Charles and ReVelle, Penelope, Sourcebook on
the Environment: The Scientific Perspective . Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. 332 pp. $6.50.
Ruffner, James A. and Bair, Frank E., The Weather
Almanac. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1974. 378 pp.
$17. 50.
EPA’s library considers this an indispensable aid
for determining average maximum and minimum year-
round termperatures around the world.
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(Various editors), Man and the Environment Information
Guide Series . Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1975—76.
The series consists of six volumes covering differ-
ent environmental subjects: law, education, planning,
values, noise pollution and wastewater management.
Volumes range in length from 200 to over 350 pages.
Each is $18.00.
World Almanac and Book of Facts 1976 . New York:
Newspaper Enterprise Association, Inc., 1975. 984 p.
$5.95.
This book contains articles on energy, environment,
pollution, plus information on states and major U.S.
cities. Population data, physical and geographical
statistics and climatological data are included as
well.
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Directories
Information on who knows what, and where to find the knowledgeable individ-
uals and organizations is among the first needs of elected officials. In this
category, there are a number of reference works that could be very helpful.
These specialized directories are most likely to be found in special environ-
mental libraries or libraries with extensive environmental collections.
Conservation Directory: A List of Organizations,
Agencies and Officials Concerned with Natural
Resource Use and Management . 21st ed. Washington,
D.C.: National Wildlife Federation, 1976. 235 pp.
$3.00
(Coverage of groups and government agencies include
state, national and international. Individuals’
names are indexed and bibliographic sources are
listed.)
Directory of Environmental Education Facilities .
New York: National Audubon Society. Nature Cen-
ter Planning Division, 1969.
(Lists nature centers by states.)
Directory of Government Agencies Safeguarding
Consumer and Environment . 6th ed. Alexandria,
Virginia: Serina Press, 1975, 135 pp. $11.95.
Directory of Information Resources in the U.S.: Phys-
ical Sciences, Engineering, Biological Sciences, Water
General Toxicoloqy, Social Sciences, Federal Govt. et
al. U.S. Library of Congress, Science & Technology Div.,
National Referral Center, 1971. (Lists complete data a—
bout many types of organizations that provide informa-
tion, by subject, e.g. libraries, information centers,
professional societies, universities, govt. agencies,
etc. Available from Supt. of Documents, GPO)
Energy: A Guide to Organizations and Information
Resources in the United States . Claremont, Calif:
Center for California Public Affairs, 1974, 204 pp.
$21.00
(Private and governmental organizations, listed by
specific orientation.)
Environment USA: A Guide to Agencies, People and
Resources . New York: Bowker, 1974.
(Environmental consultants are listed by state;
environmental officers of corporations by industry;
environmental employment and educational program
information is included.)
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Environment Information Sources Handbook . New York:
Simon & Schuster, 1974. 568 pp. $25.00
(Includes names and addresses of conservation groups,
professional societies, industry associations, Federal
and state government agencies, commercial information
sources, universities and study centers, and biblio-
graphic material emphasizing current magazines,
journals, etc.)
Environmental Information Systems Directory . U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1973.
(Describes automated and manual systems supporting
EPA’s administrative and environmental mission
operations.)
Environmental Protection Directory . 2nd ed. Chicago,
Ill: Marquis Academic Media, 1976, 526 pp. $44.50
(Includes information on U.S. and Canadian Federal
environmental agencies, state and provincial agencies,
some city and county and national environmental public
interest groups.)
Environmental Protection Research Catalog . U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1972. 2 volumes.
(Describes over 5000 research projects under way.)
Environmental Science Technology Information Resources ,
Ed. S.D. Tuwiner. Noyes Data Corp., 1973.
(Discusses and evaluates information sources, primary
and secondary, developed from 1972 symposium sponsored
by the Chemical International Information Center.)
Information Resources in the Environmental Sciences ,
George S. Bonn, ed. University of Illinois, Gradu-
ate School of Library Science, 1973. 238 pp. $6.00
(Papers generated from an institute; lists many
sources, applications and search techniques)
United States Government Manual . Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. 871 pp. $6.50
(Paperback publication revised annually which lists
government agencies, functions, administrators’
addresses and telephone numbers.)
Washington Directory 1976. Congressional Quarterly .
(Includes environmentally—oriented organizations
headquartered in the nation’s capital as well as
government agencies.)
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World Directory of Environmental Organizations ,
2nd ed., edited by Thaddeus C. Trzyna and Eugene
V. Coan in cooperation with the International
Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources, and the Sierra Club. Claremont,
Calif: Sequoia Institute at Claremont, P.O.
Box 30, Claremont, CA 91711. 288 pp., index,
$18.
(Lists organizations, including a “User’s
Guide, with groups listed according to interest.)
World Environment Directory, Volume 2 . Gough,
Beverly E., ed., Silver Spring, Md.: Business
Publishers, Inc., 1975. 811 pp. $50.
(Includes pollution control product manufacturers,
foreign addresses, organizations, et al.)
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Bibliographies
The task of locating information on a given subject is considerably exped-
ited if the researcher can find bibliographies already prepared. These are
lists of documents or published items such as articles and books. They may
cover subjects broadly defined or narrowly; may be published as documents in
their own right or as parts of other works. Citations may be limited to
titles, authors, and publication information or may be more descriptive. Where
to find the cited material is sometimes indicated as well. If freshly published
bibliographies are available, so much the better. Even a somewhat dated
bibliography is helpful as a base, however, allowing the researcher to con-
centrate his efforts on publications in the most recent intervening years.
Sources which may be consulted for reference to bibliographic searches
covering government documents are the:
Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publica-
tions , Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing
Office. (The December issue through 1975 carried a
cumulative index for the year.)
Periodic announcements of publications available in
specific subject areas, SB Announcement Series (copy
of an example is appended.)
Weekly subject—oriented government abstracts publi-
cations covering technical reports of government
contractors, e.g. Environmental Pollution and Control ,
National Technical Information Service (NTIS),
Department of Commerce.
Semi-monthly Government Reports Announcements & Index ,
(NTIS) and the
Annual Government Reports Index .
Another source is EPA, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Environment: A Bibliography of Social Science and
Related Literature . EPA-600/5—74-OOl. Washington, D.C.,
GPO, February, 1974, 860 pp.
These sources are available in many public libraries, university libraries,
and by subscription. The bibliographies themselves and most, if not all,
of the works which they cite, are available in Federal Depository Libraries*
*There are more than 1000 Federal Depository Libraries across the nation
which receive automatically and free of charge Federal government publica-
tions in all or selected categories. Land Grant colleges in many states
are among these.
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Regona Deposho y Librar es
Regional depository libraries are required to receive and retain one
Copy of all federal government documents made available to them either in
printed or microfacsimile form. Regular depository libraries, which are not
listed here, offer only ciartain classes of documents chosen by the Library.
For a list of all depository libraries, write to the U.S. Government Printing
Office, Public Documents Dept., Washington, D.C. 20402.
State Address/Telephone
Alabama University of Alabama, Amelia Gayle Gorgas Library, Box S.
University 35486; (205) 348-6044.
Arizona Dept. of Administration, Library, Archives and Public Records
Division, Capitol Bldg., Phoenix 85007; (602) 271-5031.
University of Arizona Library, Tucson 85721; (602) 884-2101.
CalifornIa Ca’ifornia State Library. Library-Courts Bldg., Box 2037, Sacra-
mento 95809; (916) 445-4374.
Colorado University of Colorado Libraries, Norlin Library, Boulder 80302;
(303) 443-2211.
Denver Public Library. 1357 Broadway, Denver 80203; (303)
573-5152.
Connecticut Connecticut State Library, 231 Capitol Ave., Hartford 06115;
(203) 566-4777.
florida University of Florida Libraries, GainesvIll 32611; (904) 392.
0341.
Idaho University of Idaho Library, Moscow 83843; (208) 885-6534.
Illinois Illinois State Library, Centennial Bldg., Springfield 62756;
(217) 525-2994.
Indiana Indiana State Library, 140 N. Senate Ave., Indianapolis 46204;
(317) 633-5440.
Iowa University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City 52242; (319) 353-4450.
Kentucky University of Kentucky. Margaret I. King Library, Lexington
40506; (606) 257-3801.
Louisiana Louisiana State University Library, Baton Rouge 70803; (504)
388-2217.
Louisiana Tech University, Prescott Memorial Library, Ruston
71270; (318) 257-3555.
Maine University of Maine, Raymond H. Fogler Library, Orono 04473,
(207) 581-7328
Maryland University of Maryland, McKeIdsn Library, College Park 20742,
(301)454-3011.
Massachusetts Boston Public Library, Copley Square, 666 Boylston St., Box
286, Boston 02117; (617) 536-5400.
MichIgan Detroit Public Library, 5201 Woodward Ave.. Detroit 48202;
(313) 321-1000.
Michigan State Library, 7351. Michigan Ave., Lansing 48913;
(517) 373-1580.
Minnesota University of Minnesota, 0. Meredith Wilson Library, Minnea-
polis 55455; (612) 373-3097.
Montana University of Montana Library, Missoula 59801; (406) 243-6800.
Nebraska Nebraska Publications Clearinghouse, Nebraska Library Corn-
mission, 1420 P St., Lincoln 68508; (402) 471-2045.
Nevada University of Nevada, Noble H. Getchell Library, Reno 89507;
(702) 784-6533.
New Jersey Newark Public Library, 5 Washington St., Newark 07101; (201)
733-7800.
New Mexico University of New Mexico, Zimmerman Library, Albuquerque
87106, (505) 277-5961.
New Mexico Slate Library, 300 Don Gaspar St., Box 1629,
Santa Fe 87501; (505) 827-2103.
New York New York Slate Library, Washington Ave., Albany 12224; (518)
474-5930.
North Carolina University of North Carolina, Louis Round Wilson Library,
Drawer 870, Chapel Hill 27514; (919)933-1301.
North Dakota North Dakota Slate University (in cooperation with University
of North Dakota, Chester Fritz Library at Grand Forks), Fargo
58102; (701) 237-8876.
Ohio State Library of Ohio, 65 South Front St., Columbus 43215;
(614) 469-2693.
Oklahoma Oklahoma Dept. of Libraries, 200 N.E. 18, Oklahoma City 73105;
(405) 521-2502.
Oregon Portland State University Library, 934 SW Harrison St., (Box
1151), Portland 97207; (503) 229-4521.
Pennsylvania State Library of Pennsylvania, Walnut St. and Commonwealth
Ave., (Box 1601), Harrisburg 17126; (717) 787-2646
Texas Texas State Library, 1201 Brazos St., (Box 12927), Capitol Sta.,
Austin 78711, (512) 475-2166.
Texas Tech University Library, Box 4079, Lubbock 79409;
(806) 742-2261.
Utah Utah State University, Merrill Library and Learning Resources
Program, College Hill, Logan 84322; (801) 752-4100
VirgInIa University of Virginia, Alderman Library, Charlottesville 22901;
(804) 924-3026.
Washington Washington State Library, Olympia 98504; (206) 753-5592.
West Virginia West Virginia University Library, Morgantown 26506; (304)
293-0111.
Wisconsin State Historical Society Library (in cooperation with University
of Wisconsin Memorial Library), 816 State St., Madison 53706;
(608) 262-3421.
Milwaukee Public Library, 814 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee
53233, (414) 278-3000
Wyoming Wyoming State Library, Supreme Court and Library Bldg , Chey-
enne 82002, (307) 777-7281.
-J
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( Monthly Catalog items) or from the Government Printing Office of the
National Technical Information Service.
Other sources of published bibliographies are the:
Council of Planning Librarians, Exchange Biblio-
graphies , Post Office Box 229, Monticello, Ill.,
61856.
Examples of publications that can be ordered from
this organization are:
#954, David R. Unruh, “Space and Environment: An
Annotated Bibliography.” January, 1976, 51 pp.
$5.00. Arid
#410, Dee, Sandra R. “A Basic Environmental
Collection,” June 1973. 15 pp. , and
#171, Sangster, Robert Powell. “Ecology: A
Selected Bibliography.” January 1971, 47 pp.
Library of Congress, Tracer Bullets , Reference Sec-
tion, Science and Technology Division, 10 First St.,
S.E., Washington, D.C. 20540. 202/426-5670.
An example is appended.
Individual libraries or library systems often publish
“pathfinders” or guides to the reference sources
available in their collections that pertain to
particular subjects.
Two governmental libraries with collections of material
highly pertinent to environmental policy are those of
the Department of Interior and the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Their reference staff,
tools and periodicals are available to assist private
individuals and non—Federal government agencies as well:
U.S. Department of Interior
Natural Resources Library
19th and C Streets, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20240
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Atmospheric Sciences Library
8060 Thirteenth Street
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
NOAA
Coastal Zone Management Library
3300 Whitehaven Parkway
Washington, D.C. 20035
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Marine and Earth Sciences Library
6001 Executive Boulevard
Rockvil].e, Maryland 20852
Still other bibliographies are the product of commercial publishers:
Bennett, Gary F. and Bennett, Judith C.,
Environmental Literature: A Bibliography .
Park Ridge, N.J: Noyes Data Corporation,
1973, 134 pp.
Environment Information Center, Inc., Environ-
mental Media Guide . New York: 1973, 40 pp.
Includes books and films.
_____ The Environment Film Review: A Critical
Guide to Ecoloqy Films . New York: September,
1972. 156 pp.
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Bibliographic Search Aids and Servicec
Sometimes there is no ready bibliography tailored for a specific line of
inquiry. It is necessary, then, for the researcher to prepare, or have
prepared, his own list of sources. There are quite a number of reference
aids to help in this task.
The most readily available, such as a library’s catalogs of books and journal
holdings, may be the more time-consuming to use. They may also be the most
flexible, permitting the searcher to try out various search strategies and
gain a sense of the whole range of materials available in the collection.
The search is, of course, limited to items in the library’s collection. A
positive feature, however, is the good likelihood of easy and rapid
access to the materials desired. Some libraries share in producing a union
catalog to their combined holdings. This widens the range of items avail-
able for search.
Some libraries have computerized book catalogs and accessible, easy-to-use
terminals which speed a search considerably.
EPA publishes two catalogs annually which also expand the resources for
researchers who have access to the Agency library sytem.
The EPA Book Catalog , published annually, lists
the combined book holdings of the 37 libraries
in EPA’s nationwide network. The location or loc-
ations of each item are indicated along with call
numbers. Items newly acquired anywhere in the sys-
tem are entered into a central computer file; and
each week the computer produces microform lists
updating the catalog. These microfiche are mailed
to each library in the system. The annual catalog,
if not available in local environmental libraries,
can be ordered through the National Technical
Information Service.
EPA Journal Holdings Report catalogs the titles of
periodicals held within the EPA library system,
indicating the location or locations or all items
listed and the years covered by each subscription.
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Index to Titles of Union List of Serials , 1975 is
a joint publication of EPA and NOAA. Journals are
indexed by significant words appearing in their
titles.
Exan les of additional reference tools are divided into two groups below:
indexes and computer search services. They vary significantly in subject
matter. For some the focus is environment in general; for others, speci-
fic aspects of environmental management. In still others, environmental
matters are peripheral or only occasionally treated, but in a manner worthy
of attention by laymen and experts.
The indexes are commonly annual cumulations of title-author—publication
information. The items indexed could range from newspaper or periodical
articles to conference proceedings, review articles, research reports to
publications of statistical compilations. Indexes which are available
the researcher in local libraries can be searched manually. Some of these
are, in addition, data bases accessible to computer search.
Referenced material may be available for examination in the same libraries.
Quite many of the government publications may be available at
modest cost from the Government Printing Office or the National Technical
Information Service.
Computer search services have the advantage of tapping many years’ records
rather than requiring the examination of separate annual index volumes.
Depending on the frequency with which their data bases are updated, some of
them can yield more recent information. Some of these services are available
by subscription; others, on a one—time basis. Some permit direct search by
a user from remote terminals; others perform the search service for the
client and mail out the product in paper copy or microform. Another respect
in which these services vary is the content of the respective outputs. The
search products may consist of a list of titles, authors and dates of publi-
cation. They may go farther and include abstracts, clippings, or copies of
documents and articles in paper or microform. The costs of these services
may be justified by the savings of researchers’ time and the expense of
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maintaining the complement of index sources locally. The value of the
output may be influenced, however, by the relative difficulty a researcher
has in acquiring copies of the referenced materials he wishes to read. One
further point is that the research reports and articles, by the time they
are prepared for publication, cleared by the sponsoring agencies and pro-
cessed by NTIS, may contain data which is at least 18-24 months old. For
truly current developments supplementary sources are needed. These are dis-
cussed under “current awareness” and “newsletters” later.
Government Catalogs and Index Publications . The government publications
noted earlier for their citations of bibliographies bear mention
here as well.
The Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publi-
cations . Superintendent of Docments, Government
Printing Office, annual subscription.
December issue has a cumulative index except 1976.
Covers materials published by government agencies for
distribution to the public. The majority of the
items are available in Federal Depository Libraries
or for sale at GPO bookstores. Most of the remainder
can be obtained from the agency that generated them.
Ecology — Price List 88 is one of several price lists
put out by the GPO, indicating items in selected sub-
jects areas that are currently in stock.
Monthly checklist of State Publications is a publica-
tion of the Library of Congress, available on subscrip-
tion from the Superintendent of DocUmentS.
The checklist cites copies of state publications sent
to the library, many of them in accordance with state
law requiring this distribution for certain categories
of publication. Covering is neither comprehensive nor
systematic. All materials listed are not retained by
the Library and copies are available only through their
respective sources. Listings are by state. There is
no subject index provided.
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Superintendent of Documents, GPO Bookstore addresses :
710 North Capital St., N.W., Washington, D.C. (Main Bookstore)
USIA, 1776 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.
Commerce Dept. 14th St. and Constitution Ave., NW, Wash. ,DC
Pentagon Building, Main Concourse, Arlington, Va.
State Dept., 21st St. & Virginia Ave. ,NW, Wash. ,DC
Federal Office Bldg., 275 Peachtree St., N.E., Atlanta, Ga.
John F. Kennedy Federal Bldg., Boston, Mass.
Federal Office Bldg., 219 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
New Federal Bldg., 1100 Commerce St., Dallas, Texas
Federal Bldg., 601 E. 12th St., Kansas City, Mo.
Federal Bldg., 300 N. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles, Calif.
Federal Bldg. ,450 Golden Gate Ave., P.O. Box 36104,
San Francisco, California
Government Reports Announcements and Index , NTIS’
summaries of government research and development reports
are in a form intended for libraries and reference
specialists. The annual subscription rate is $200 in
the U.S. The bibliographies file on which these indexes
are based is also available on magnetic tape.
Weekly Government Abstracts Newsletters (NTIS—PR-205)
are available by subscriptions, averaging $45 each per year.
Selected subject titles with environmental relevance are:
“Agriculture and Food,” “Energy,” “Environmental Pollu-
tion and Control,” “Natural Re sources,” “NASA Earth
Resources Survey Program,” “Problem—Solving Technology
for State and Local Governments,” “Urban Technology.”
Abstracts of environmental impact statements are included
as well as government research reports and bibliographic
citations. The last issue of the year carries a cross-
referenced, cumulative index.
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly (NTIS UB/B/025-76/002)
lists reports entered into the NTIS by EPA in the previous
quarter. Beginning in Spring 1977, Department of Interior
NOAA entries to NTIS will be included as well.
Subscription price is $45 per year. All EPA libraries
have complete sets of EPA report entries on microfiche.
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Selected Water Resources Abstracts is put out by the
Water Resources Scientific Center, U.S. Department of
Interior and is available from NTIS for the annual
subscription rate of $100. This is a semi—monthly
journal with annual index. It includes abstracts of
monographs, journal articles and reports on water—
related aspects of biomedical, physical and social
sciences, with bibliographic citations.
Another of NTIS subscription services provides com-
plete information on microfilm for new—issued patents;
and announcements of government-owned patents and
patent applications available for licensing.
The NTIS files from which these publications are
generated, as well as others they maintain, are kept
up to date daily. All are accessible for computer
search. The computer search may be not only faster
but more thorough than manual search because items
subject to computer scanning are cross—referenced by
many more key—word terms than the relatively few used
in the printed indexes.
NTIS addresses:
5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, Va., 22151
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Room 1098, 14th & E Sts.
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20230.
Index Medicus is a comprehensive subject-author index
to articles from several thousand journal sources around
the world, prepared by the National Library of Medicine.
Access is via the annual Index publications themselves
or on-line computer search, called DLINE, which is
described below. Much of the literature indexed is
available in the DLARS system of 11 Regional Medical
Libraries, and accessible through interlibrary loan.
Selected References on Environmental Quality as it
Relates to Health . Monthly, with annual cumulation, is
a by-product of the !€DLARS data base. Arranged by
structural vocabulary headings and authors’ names.
Toxicity Bibliography is another work of the National
Library of Medicine. It forms the basis for the
TOXLINE computer search system.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockvi].le Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
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Bibliography of Agriculture is an index to world
literature on agriculture and related chemical and
biological subjects, published monthly by the
National Agricultural Library. Special subject
bibliographies are also available for such subjects
as soils and fertilizers, pest control and pesticides,
areas in which the library has developed its collec-
tions of material.
AGRICOLA (formerly CAIN) is the Library’s computerized
cataloging and indexing data base, representing its
own holdings. Many of the items cited can be ordered
from the Department of Agriculture, State Experimental
Stations or Extension Services. For some other materials
the library may prepare copies on request. Access to
the data base is possible through the Lockheed Dialog
system.
National Agricultural Library
Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) is the
computerized information bank of the National Institute
of Education. One of the categories in its file is
“Environmental Education.”
Code of Federal Regulations and Federal Register Updates ,
available in law libraries -— but not an easy-to-use
index for environmental researchers.
Commercially Published Indexes . There are also non—governmental indexing
and abstracting services which compile information useful for the environ-
mental field from widely diverse identified sources. Some provide service
in retrieving copies of the original articles cited. Others do not. Some
of these services are, as indicated, accessible for con uter bibliographic
search.
American Statistics Index (A.S.I.) is a publication
of the CIS/Index organization. It classifies, catalogs,
and abstracts the published statistical output of the
Federal government. Libraries purchasing the Index may
also buy microfiche files of the documents in the data
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base. Once identified in the Index, these microfiche
may be easily retrieved and, if equipment is available,
read or selectively reproduced. The ASI Index is
accessible through the SDC computer system described
below.
Bioresearch and Biosystematic Indexes are published by
BioSciences Information Service of Philadelphia. They
serve as reference entries to Biological Abstracts , put
out by the same publisher. Bioresearch cites research
reports which may not be in the Abstracts.
The Biosystematic Index indicates the primary field of
interest in each paper, keying in by the names of the
main organisms mentioned, and the type of study which
is involved. Both Lockheed and SDC computer search
systems draw on the BIOSIS data bases.
chemical Abstracts Condensates is an index to world
literature in the chemical fields, published by
Chemical Abstracts Service Division of the American
Chemical Society in Columbus, Ohio. It is a reference
tool for Chemical Abstracts and capable of search by
computer.
Congressional Information Service (CIS/Index) is pub-
lished monthly, with quarterly index and annual accumu-
lation of index and abstracts. Their objective is to
announce every publication relating to Congress within
a month of its issue, to document all hearings, all
reports, legislative history, testimony, bills under
consideration, et al, and to serve as cataloging
guide for Congressional materials collected by libraries.
They have a microfiche library, containing all documents
covered in the CIS/Index since early 1970. These are
available by subscription and, if a subscribing library
has reader—printer equipment, can be used to retrieve
paper prints of whatever portions of the material are
desired. The library expense in this case is substan-
tial. The user, however, need pay only a nominal per
page reproduction charge for the printer. On-line
computer search is possible as well, through SDC’s
system.
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Current Publications in Legal and Related Fields , the
Rothman Company. A bibliographic guide to legal pub-
lishing, including the field of environmental law.
Energy Index is an annual publication of the Environ-
mental Information Center Inc. of New York. All aspects
of energy are covered: articles, documents, books,
Congressional hearings, conference proceedings, books,
non—print media and laws. The annual subscription
price for 1976 was $65. This is a cumulative reference
source for the monthly abstracts journal published by the
same firm, and it can be searched through on—line
computer service.
Engineering Index is a product of Engineering Index Inc.
of New York. International literature significant for
engineering and technological applications are culled,
abstracted and cross—referenced. On—line computer
searches of this data base are offered by both Lockheed
Dialog and SDC Orbit systems.
Environment Index , like Energy Index, is published
annually by the Environment Information Center Inc. of
New York. It is based on similar abstracts material
(but carefully selected so as not to overlap the Energy
subject area). Computer search and microform or paper
copy retrieval services are available as well.
Funk and Scott Indexes by PREDICASTS, Inc. of
Cleveland, Ohio covers international literature on
industry influences, developments, future product demand,
end users, production, statistics et al.
Index to Legal Periodicals . Reference tool for law reviews.
Index to Periodical Articles Related to Law , Oceana
Publications.
Monthly Digest of Current Legislation , ASPEN Systems
Corporation. A computer—generated index covering state
laws as well as Federal.
Newsbank is an index to general circulation newspapers
and periodicals, updated bimonthly and accompanied with
microfilm capable of perusal and paper copy retrieval
through a microform reader-printer. While the service
represents a substantial investment for the subscribing
library, the user has access to what amounts to a self-
operated, tailor—made, national clipping service at the
nominal cost of paper copies.
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Science Citation Index is a library reference service
developed to guide a researcher into a body of litera-
ture through citations of a given author’s work in
other scholars’ publications. The idea is one of
tracing developments in a given line of research. A
subject index is included as well, so that the work
can serve more direct research approaches as well.
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Computer Search Services
A number of bibliographic search services are available, representing a
variety of subject area specialties, forms of output and complementary
services. Most of them retrieve information from data bases they them-
selves manage, or offer access to a data base managed by others. The data
base is an expanding collection of literature (books, journals, reports,
sometimes nonprint media, conference proceedings, raw data, etc.) in a
given field which is indexed, frequently abstracted, sometimes evaluated
and cross-referenced, updated continually, and programmed for rapid
search by computer. Information that can be retrieved is usually a set
of bibliographic citations giving title, author, and publication date of
materials that fit the search criteria. Additional information such as a
brief summary of the main points of the content or location of the original
document in a library collection can be retrieved in some cases.
The bibliography generated by the computer may take several forms, a print-
out at the remote computer terminal; display on a television-like screen
(cathode ray tube) at the remote site; or a print-out generated in the
search service’s own facilities and mailed to the client. Some services
offer access to the cited documents themselves -— in paper copy or micro-
form. Some services are offered on a subscription basis. Others charge
only for actual use of search time. One-time or occasional search services
may be available to non-subscribers. The following list of organizations
in the computer information retrieval field is incomplete, but it indicates
the range of services available. (Brochures are appended.)
A user must know the proper vocabulary for searching a given data base.
Most of the information companies provide training and reference material
which tells how their respective indexing vocabularies are structured and
which words to use for various aspects of meaning.
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The Environment Information Center, Inc .
292 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10017
212/949—9494
System offers energy documents, bi—monthly
abstracts publication, annual index and on-
line computer searching, directories of
organizations and people in the energy
field; environmental documents, monthly
abstracts publication, annual index, micro-
fiche of documents sent monthly by sub-
scription or by individual request, and
on—line computer searching; land use
planning abstracts; film reviews, confer-
ence proceedings, information on Federal
and state environmental laws and regula-
tions in the energy fields are covered as
well; Publications which are available
in many library reference collections
include:
Energy Information Abstracts
Energy Index
Environment Abstracts
Environment Index
Envirofiche
Land Use Planning Abstracts
Energy Directory
Energy In formation Locator
Environment Regulation Handbook
Statefiche
The Environment Film Review
The In formation Bank
Information Service of the New York
Times Co.
Sales Offices:
Suite 86011, One World Trade Center
New York, NY 10048 212/775—0552
Mt. Pleasant Office Park, 1719—A Rte. 10
Parsippany, N.J. 07054 201/539-5850
Suite 207, 1909 K St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036 202/833-3291
Suite 500, 625 N. Michigan Ave.
Chicago, Ill. 60611 312/664—6536
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Jack Tarr Office Bldg., 1225 Post St.
Suite 638-2
San Francisco, CA 94109 415/474—4700
Data base includes all news and editorial
material from New York Times editions extending
back from 1969 to present, plus selected items
from major general circulation newspapers across
the country, business publications, science
journals and a variety of other newsweeklies,
monthlies and quarterlies.
On-demand services are performed by New York
Times personnel using the data base, and on-
line service is available for subscribers;
supplementary New York Times microfiche can
be obtained on an annual subscription basis.
Lockheed Dialog
Dept. 15-50, Bldg. 201
3251 Hanover Street
Palo Alto, CA 94304
415/493—4411 Ext. 45635
200 Park Avenue, Suite 303E
New York, N.Y. 10017
212/682—4630
900—17th St., N.W.
Washington,D.C. 20006
202/872—5971
This is an on-line information retrieval service
which offers both immediate response via computer
terminal or cathode ray tube and mailing of
printed search results. Access to many differ-
ent literature bases is available through this
service, covering many aspects of education and
the social sciences, natural sciences, technology
and engineering, business and economics, coxnmer-
cial as well as governmental publications and
documented collections. Bibliographic citations
or abstracts may be retrieved but document ser-
vices are in most cases available only from the
respective data base suppliers. Subscribers to
selective dissemination of information (SDI)
services receive automatically periodic announce-
ments of new materials added to the data files
in fields identified by them as having particular
interest.
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_,139
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Environmental Data Service (ENDEX and OASIS)
ENDEX and OASIS are computer—searchable files
which give a user access to many data bases,
commercial as well as those of Federal, state
and local governmental agencies. ENDEX contains
data references; OASIS is an access tool for
literature search. From ENDEX a searcher can
get descriptions of data collection efforts and
data files, for example, the types of parameters
and amounts of data available, methods by which
they were measured, location and time of collec-
tion, format of the data, restrictions on access
to it, publications where the data may be found,
reference to a contact for further information
and an estimate of the cost of obtaining the
data. Some of the indexes are grouped by geo-
graphical area. OASIS covers literature of the
environmental sciences and marine and coastal
resources. Bibliographic references to tech-
nical publications can be retrieved through on-
line search. A user may search an entire file
or obtain citations only for materials newly
added after a given data. This selective dis-
semination of information feature can operate
as an automatic current awareness tool for a
long—term user of the service.
On—line computer terminals are located in
several different places, listed below. Users
in need of referral or reference services may
call, visit or write to any of these facilities.
Environmental Data Service information special-
ists are available to help analyze requests and
supply needed references.
Marine and Earth Sciences Library
NOAA Washington Science Center
Bldg. 1, Room 108
6001 Executive Blvd.
Rockville, Md. 20852
301/443—8022
Atmospheric Sciences Library
NOAA-Gramax Bldg. Room 816
8060 13th St.
Silver Spring, Md. 20910
301/427—7800
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Marine and Earth iences Library
NOAA, Page Bldg. 2, Room 194
3300 Whitehaven Parkway, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20235
202/634—7346
National Oceanographic Data Center
thief, Data Index Branch D 782
NOAA, Page Bldg. 1, Room 272
2001 Wisconsin Ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20235
202/634—7298
Suitland Information Service Center
NOAA, Federal Office Bldg., Room 3216
Suitland, Md. 20233
301/763—7432
Camp Springs Information Service Center
NOAA, World Weather Bldg., Room 702E
5200 Auth Rd.
Camp Springs, Md. 20233
301/763—8266
NOAA Miami Library (RF2Ox4)
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratories, Virginia Key
Miami, Florida 33149
305/350—1330
NODC/Liaison Officer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Room 3l7A, Clark Laboratory
Woods Hold, Mass. 02543
617/548—1400 Ext. 546
Chief, Library Services CR51)
Environmental Research Laboratories
NOAA, 1209 Radio Bldg.
Boulder, Colorado 80302
303/499—3788
NODC/Liaison Officer
NOAA, P.O. Box 271
La Jolla, CA 92037
714/453—2204
NODC/Liaison Officer
NOAA —- 3711-15th Ave., N.E.
Seattle, Washington 98105
206/543—5276
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National Technical Information Service
The on—line computer search service of this
organization is called NTlSearch. Its data
base consists of contract research to Federal
government agencies, primarily. Some state and
local material is available. A user may write
or telephone in a request, in response to which
an NTIS specialist will conduct the search. The
product, a Research Summary, will contain
abstracts as well as bibliographic citations
and, if requested, will be accompanied when it
is mailed out by microfiche of the entire texts
which the Research Summary cites. Cost is $100
for up to 100 research summaries.
NTlSearch
5285 Port Royal Rd.
Springfield, Va. 22161
703/321—9040 —- Hot Line
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange Inc .
(SSIE) provides a computer retrieval service
for information from its files of research
projects in any scientific area (life, physical,
social, behavioral or engineering). The pro-
duct is a package of sheets containing “Notice
of research projects” (NRP’s), which tell who
is doing what. It is usually mailed out within
3-5 days of the request. Price is $50 for
the search, including the first 50 NRP’s. An
additional $10 is charged for each additional
1—50 NRP’s. Estimates of cost will be given
to the user in advance of service. Fee for a
combined NTIS (completed research) and SSIE
(ongoing research) search is $85 for the search
and 1st 125 citations. Each additional citation
costs $.25 more.
Some published subject searches are available
for considerably lower cost. Many of these are
updated quarterly. Users may subscribe to an
SSIE Newsletter announcing these publications
for $10 per year.
Selected Dissemination of Information (SDI),
the sending of current awareness notices, is
an additional service available froi :
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SS XE
300 Madison National Bank Bldg.
1730 M St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
202/381—4211 (Telex 89495)
System Development Corporation (SDC)
is a commercial on—line search service which
provides access to more than two dozen data
files and literature bases in the fields of
agriculture, business, government, science,
engineering technology and education. A search
may yield bibliographic citations, abstracts
or research summaries. Off—line prints mailed
to the user are available at considerably lower
cost than on-line printouts or CRT projections.
Additional information is available from:
System Development Corporation
2500 Colorado Avenue
Santa Monica, California 90406
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Current Awareness Tools
The indexes listed are useful for their relatively careful attention to
cross-referencing. There are other guides to the literature which, lacking
systematic indexing are primarily useful for “current awareness” scanning,
or mainly to learn the scope of the most recent publications. Some of these
are listed here:
Administrative and Legislative Highlights (ALH) ,
weekly publication of the U.S. COnference of Mayors,
which extracts from Federal Register and Congressional
Record highlights of Federal activities affecting
local government, including environmental matters.
Current Advances in Ecological Sciences . Monthly
publication of Pergamon Press. Listing of titles,
authors, bibliographical details and authors’
addresses. Subject arrangement by habitat cate-
gories and processes.
Current Contents: Agriculture, Biology and Environ-
mental Sciences , a weekly product of the Institute
for Scientific Information.
This journal reproduces tables of contents of over
800 journals, sometimes prior to their publication.
Author index and address directory are provided to
help the user seeking reprints.
Current Programs , published monthly by World Meetings
Information Center Inc.
These publishers claim they can report research and
development news generated by meetings and conferences
well in advance of the journal literature. Sections
on life sciences, geosciences and engineering cover
meetings, conferences, etc. and list papers delivered
there, by title and author.
Dateline Washington is the weekly publication of the
National Conference of State Legislatures. It carries
highlights of Federal action that impacts the states.
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-94-
Directory of Published Proceedings (Science!
Engineering/Medical/Technology) SENT Series of
InterDok Corporation.
This is a bibliographic directory of preprints
and published proceedings of congresses, symposia,
conferences, etc. They are listed chronologically,
by date of the meeting. Sources for the published
materials are identified. Indexed information includes
key word, sponsor and title of conference.
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography is published
bimonthly by the Environmental Studies Institute of
Santa Barbara, California. An annual subject and
author index is included.
Hydata comes out monthly from the american Water
Resources Association.
The journal is comprised of periodicals’ tables of
contents plus selected titles of non—periodical
literature.
Marine Science Contents Tables . Monthly from FAO
Fishery Resources Division, Rome, Italy.
Tables of Contents format is presented, along with
schedules of future marine science meetings,
conferences, etc.
Smithsonian Institution Center for Short-Lived
Phenomena, Event Notification Cards and Annual
Report and Review of Events , Garden Street,
Cambridge, Mass.
Rapid reports of events (3-8 per week) worldwide,
many of environmental impact, e.g. geophysical,
astronomical, biological, anthropological. Sunmiar-
ized and organized by scientific discipline and
subtopics such as oil spills, animal deaths, etc.
Underwater Journal Information Bulletin . Bi-monthly
publication of IPC Science and Technology Press
Ltd., Guildford, Surrey, England.
International coverage of articles, papers, reports.
Keyword descriptions with each citation but no index
is prepared. Broad general subject headings, including
Pollution.
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Water Resources Abstracts , issued monthly, without
indexes by the A nerican Water Resources
Association.
Format is looseleaf.
—95—
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—96-
Abstracts Journals
Many abstracts journals are published today, covering small portions or
the full spectrum of environmental literature. Virtually every discipline
or component field has its specialized publications. The abstracts journals
carry extracted material or precis of the contents, culled from hundreds or
thousands of articles published in a wide range of sources. They give a
good idea of what subjects are receiving current attention, where and by
whom and which areas are subjects of lesser interest. Nonprint media,
conference proccedings, texts of relevant legislation and other information
sources may be included in the abstracts journals as well. Searches for
information from the primary literature will usually require a user to
work with both index and abstracts documents together.
Abstracts journals come out monthly or bimonthly, commonly. Indexes are
published annually, sometimes with a cumulative number covering five years
past. A search on a given topic may require considerable manipulation of
the volumes, many of them heavy and awkward to handle. A single indexing and
abstracting source will rarely cover the whole of a problem. Therefore
several may need to be consulted to provide a round sense of what informa-
tion there is on a given question.
Sometimes the abstracts journals lag behind the original publications they
cite by several months. Occasionally a user wishing to pursue leads
acquired from these abstracts meets with frustration -- that is, when the
items cited are unavailable in the original locally. Sometimes, too, the
abstracting is less accurate than a user suspects. Nevertheless they are
important, helpful research tools.
Like the indexes the abstracts journals are a substantial investment for a
library to make. A user has a free or inexpensive source for information
that would be more costly to retrieve through computer, albeit more rapid.
Examples of abstracts journals in the environmental field are shown below.
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-97-
Abstracts of Air and Water Conservation
Literature and Patents,American Petr’leum
Institute, Weekly. 1969 —
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants , Philadelphia: Biosciences Informa-
tion Center, American Chemical Society. Monthly
with annual cumulated index. 1972 — -
Coverage includes chemicals and other substances
in the environment affecting human health,
work-related health matters, industrial medi-
cine and related subjects included also in
BIOSIS and MEDLARS data bases.
Air Pollution Abstracts . Research Triangle
Park, N.C.: U.S. EPA, Air Pollution Technical
Information Center. Monthly with cumulated
index. 1970 -
Covers journals, conference proceedings, tech-
nical reports, chemical, physical, and biological
effects, data on air pollution control.
Applied Ecology Abstracts , Monthly.
Covers natural and urban man-made or managed
ecosystems.
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts ,
London: Information Retrieval Ldt. Monthly
with annual indexes, 1971 —
Abstracts international publications, books,
proceedings et al in marine biology field,
including ecological relationships and
pollution effects.
Biological Abstracts . Philadelphia: Biosciences
Information Center.
Bimonthly, semi—annual cumulative indexes.
1926 —
Time lag between an article’s publication and
appearance of its abstract here may be a year.
Indexes by author, biosystem, genus, cross-
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—98—
reference list and subject (more explanatory
material is appended).
Deep-Sea Research Oceanographic Abstracts and
Oceanographic Bibliography Section . Pergainon
Press. Bimonthly, annual author index only.
1953 —
General subject heading and sub—heading arrange-
ments here include “pollution” items.
Ecological Abstracts . Geo Abstracts Ltd.
Bimonthly. 1974 -
Abstracted material includes journals, books,
symposia.
Energy Abstracts , New York: Environment Informa-
tion Center, Inc.
All aspects of energy covered including
Congressional hearings, documents, legislation,
proceedings, films, articles and books.
Environment Abstracts (formerly Environment Informa-
tion ACCESS). New York: Environment Information
Center Inc. Monthly. Jan., 1971 -
Abstracts items from many international and
U.S. journals, government documents, conferences,
film, state and local as well as Federal govern-
ment.
Environmental Pollution and Control . Weekly
Government Abstracts, NTIS, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce. Weekly with annual index. 1972 -
Eutrophication: A Bimonthly Summary of Current
Literature. Madison: U. of Wisconsin Water
Resources Information Program.
Sources abstracted include general audience and
professional publications, books, journals,
articles, technical reports.
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—99—
Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulletin ,
U.S. EPA, Monthly. 1968 -
Land Use Planning Abstracts . New York: Environ-
ment Information Center Inc - Annual. 1974 -
Medical Literature Analysis Retrieval System
( DLARS)
Toxicity Bibliography is derived from DLARS
data base. Emphasis is on adverse effects of
toxicity and poisoning of chemicals, pesticides
and other environmental pollutants.
Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts .
1963—1973.
102 Monitor . Washington, D.C.: Council on
Environmental Quality. 1971- (Monthly.)
Announcements of Environmental Impact State-
ment status, i.e., notices of intents to file
the EIS, notices of draft and final ElS sub-
missions to the Council on Environmental
Quality.
Pollution Abstracts . Louisville, Ky: Data
Courier, Inc. Bimonthly. May, 1970 -
Covers international technical literature on
the environment, journals, technical reports,
monographs, etc., including legal aspects and
engineering.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts . Water
Resources Scientific Information Center, U.S.
Dept. of the Interior. Springfield, Va: UTIS.
Semi—monthly. 1968 — . Journal plus
annual index.
Abstracts monographs, technical reports, journal
articles on water—related aspects of science
(life, physical, social), water conservation,
control, use and management subjects, engineering
and legal aspects as well as scientific and
technical.
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—100—
Solid Waste Information Retrieval System
(SWIRS) Contains information on current
research in the field, documents, litera-
ture (1964 - .) Includes much material especially
prepared for state and local decision—makers.
Southwestern Environmental Data Bank ,
Arizona State University. Monthly.
] _973 —
Statistical Abstract of the United States .
Bureau of the Census, U.S. Dept. of Commerce.
Washington: Govt. Printing Office. Annual.
Summary of statistics on social, political,
economic aspects of U.S. Sections cover geo-
graphy, environment, and energy as well as
population and employment data. Sources of
more comprehensive imformation are cited.
Water Pollution Abstracts . London: H.M. Stat-
ionary Office. Monthly with annual index.
1927 —
Coverage is international but range of subjects
is more narrow than in U.S.’ Selected Water
Resources Abstracts .
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—101—
News letters
Most of the current awareness publications and newsletters prepared for
the state or local policy official contain items related to environmental
matters. For more comprehensive or specialized information, the legislator
could look to selections from a long list of newsletter publications in the
environmental field. Their coverage ranges from current developments, state—
of—the—art reports, review articles and interpretation of new findings
published in technical journals to texts of legislation, regulations and
judicial decisions, and conference news.
The environmental newsletters are numerous and varied, as the following
list indicates.** In general, Federal environmental news receives greater
attention from these media than national overview of states’ activities.
* CD Digest : Air Pollution Control District,
County of Los Angeles (monthly). Lists APCD
activities, EPA plans and actions, meteoro-
logical conditions, et al.
Air and Water.News (weekly). 1966 -
Stanley H. Brams, Editor and Publisher.
*Air Pollution Notes (bimonthly). 1967-
Rugers University.
*Air/Water Pollution Report (weekly), 1963 -
Business Publishers, Inc., Silver Spring,
Md. Covers waste disposal, soil pollution,
desalination, noise and conservation. In-
cludes news of legislation, contract awards,
new technical developments, interpretations
and trends.
* ljfornja Air Environment (quarterly), 1969 -
University of California, Riverside
*Californla Air Resources Board Bulletin ,
(Bimonthly) 1962 — . California Air Resources
Board.
** This list was, for the most part, compiled in 1972 by the
University of Denver Research Institute. Items marked with
an asterisk (*) are held in the EPA library collections.
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—102—
Cape of Good Hope Department of Nature
conservation Newsletter (3—4 per year) 1965 —
Department of Nature Conservation, South
Africa.
*CF Letter . (Monthly) 1966 - . Conservation
Foundation.
CL Report (Published irregularly) 1971 -
Denver Public Library Conservation Library.
*Clean Air and Water News (Weekly, with quarterly
index). Commerce Clearing House Inc.
Air and water control news and data are
reported. Also covered is information on
contracts and grants, legislation and treaties.
*Clean Water Report (Bi-weekly) 1964 -
Leonard A. Eiserer, Publisher
Colorado Open Space Council Legislative Bulletin ,
(Published irregularly) 1972 -
Colorado Open Space Council
Colorado Open Space Council Newsletter (pub-
lished irregularly) 1965 —
Colorado Open Space Council
Connecticut Conservation Reporter (10 times/year)
1967 - . Connecticut Conservation Association.
*Contamination Newsletter (Monthly) 1966 —
Contamination Control Laboratories, Inc.
Council for Planning and Conservation News-
letter (Bimonthly) 1969 -
Council for Planning and Conservation
Coyote Research Newsletter (Published irregularly)
1968 — . U.S. Dept. of the Interior
*Cry California (Quarterly) 1965 -
California Tomorrow
Denver Audubon Society Newsletter . (Monthly)
1969 — . Denver Audobon Society.
Ecologram (Bimonthly) 1972 -
Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry.
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-103—
*Envjronment Action Bulletin (Weekly) 1970 -
Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, Inc. Tone geared to
the environmentally-conscious citizen activist.
*Envlronment Monthly (Monthly) 1969 -
William }louseman.
*Environment Report (Biweekly, loose-leaf) 1970 -
Washington, D.C.: Trends Publishing, Inc.
Includes an “Environmental Book].ist” each issue.
*Environment Reporter (Weekly) 1970 —
Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. Continually
updates state and Federal laws, court decisions,
impact studies and includes a weekly environmental
overview.
*Environmental Control News for Southern
Industry (Monthly) 1971 -
Enviro—Trol, Inc.
*Environment Education Report (Monthly) 1973 -
William J. Kardash, Publisher
Environmental Information System Office News-
letter (Published irregularly) 1972 -
Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
*Environmental Law Reporter (Monthly) 1971 -
Environmental Law Institute
Environmental Mutageri Society Newsletter
(2 times/year) 1969 —
Environmental Mutagen Society.
*Envjronmental Spectrum (Bimonthly) 1968 -
Rutgers University
Environmental Technology (Monthly) 1969 —
Datatronic Systems Corporation.
*EPA Citizens’ Bulletin (Monthly) 1971 -
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration:
Library Reference Service Newsletter (Quarterly)
1967 - . Denver Public Library
*Florida Conservation News (Monthly)1965 -
Florida Department of Natural Resources
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—104—
For Land’s Sake (Monthly) 1973 - . Federal-
State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska.
Institute for Research on Land and Water
Resources Newsletter (Bimonthly) 1970 —
Pennsylvania State U., Institute for Research
on Land and Water Resources. Reports seminars,
project news, et al in a manner oriented
toward the professional.
Institute for Solid Wastes Newsletter (Semi-
monthly) 1968 - . Pennsylvania State U.,
Institute for Solid Wastes.
*Land Pollution Reporter (Bimonthly) 1969 -
Freed Publishing Co.
*Marjne Pollution Bulletin (Monthly) 1970 -
Macmillan Journals Ltd., England.
Marine Resources Digest/Marine Biology
Digest (Monthly) Arlington, N.J.: Girard
Associates, Inc. Covers general marine—
related news items on popular level; inter-
national in scope.
National Association for Environmental Educa-
tion Newsletter (Monthly) 1971 -
National Assoc. for Environmental Education.
*National Environmental News (Monthly) 1971 -
Environmental Publications, Inc.
*Natural Resources Law Newsletter (Published
irregularly) 1965 - . American Bar Association.
*Nature and Resources (Quarterly) 1965 —
UNESCO.
New Hampshire Audubon News(Monthly ) 1966 -
Audubon Society of New Hampshire
New Jersey Air, Water & Waste Management Times ,
(Bimonthly) 1968 - . New Jersey State
Department of Health.
New Mexico Environmental News (Published
irregularly) 1970 — . New Mexico Conservation
Coordinating Council, Inc.
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-105—
*New Pollution Technology (Biweekly) 1969 —
O.Q. diMaria, Publisher.
*Noise Control Report (Biweekly) 1963 -
Leonard A. Eiserer, Editor and Publisher
*Occupatjona] Health & Safety Letter (Biweekly).
1963 - . Gershen W. Fishbein, Publisher.
Oil Pollution Research Newsletter (Published
irregularly) 1971 - . US EPA.
*potomac Basin Reporter (Monthly except December).
Wash., D.C.: Interstate Commission on the
Potomac River Basin. A non—technical bulletin
for informing the public about problems and
plans for development in the Basin.
Potomac View (10 times/year) 1964 —
Potomac Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease
Assn.
Project Airguarius Newsletter (Published
irregularly) 1966 — . R.A. Merriman, Publisher.
React (Monthly) 1970 — . Environmental Action
of Colorado.
Response: A Report on Actions for a Better
Environment . (Monthly) 1971 — . U.S. Dept.
of Agriculture.
ROMCOE Open Space Report (Bimonthly) 1968 -
Rocky Mountain Center on Environment.
SMEAC Newsletter (Monthly) 1970 — . U.S. Office
of Education, ERIC Information Analysis Center
for Science, Mathematics and Environmental
Education.
Smithsonian Research Reports (Quarterly).
Wash., D.C.: Office of Public Affairs, Smithsonian
Institution. Includes environmental activities
in its general coverage of scientific research
and activities.
*Soljd Waste Report (Bi-weekly) 1970 —
Silver Spring, Md.: Business Publishers, Inc.
Covers industrial trends and government
activities, calendar of meetings, new publica-
tions announcements.
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—106—
*Specjal Report: Ecology (Weekly) 1971 —
Special Reports, Inc.
TIE Report (Bimonthly) 1972 —
Douglas McConnell, Pualisher
Washington Environmental Protection Report
(Semi-monthly) 1966 - . Callahan Publications.
Water and Air Pollution Newsletter (Monthly)
1968 - . International Executive Newsletter Co.
*Water in the News (Monthly) 1965 —
Soap and Detergent Association.
Wave Hill News (Bimonthly) 1970 -
Wave Hill Center for Environmental Studies.
Wilderness Conservation 1 wsletter (Bimonthly)
1971 - . R.A. Merriman, Publisher.
*Zero Population Growth National Reporter
(10 times/year) 1968 - . Zero Population
Growth.
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ENVIRON NTAL INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
general reference guide
PRIMARY LITERATURE
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—107-
3. Primary Literature
Sometimes a review of the secondary literature yields information quite
sufficient to satisfy a need. Learning, for example, that research
reports were published within a t ro—year period on over two dozen
techniques for solving a particular environmental problem may be
enougri to inform a legislator that a variety of approaches to the problem
have been investigated, and which of them seem most promising. His concern
may be whether there are legislative, institutional or financial impediments
to implementing the various approaches, and he may have neither interest nor
need to seek out the original documents.
Other times, however, a text of a law, a judicial decision, a state—of-the-art
survey on a specific problem and its solutions, an introductory text or
statistical information might be sought by the elected official. Full—text
documents, works complete in themselves -- the original articles, texthooks,
monographs or recorded measurements -- constitute the primary literature of
the field. These contain the detail and the depth that the secondary
literature lack.
The primary literature also contains the technical jargon characteristic of
the special field in which it is generated. The technical language of
environmental literature could be scientific or legal, sociological or
statistical, or erudite in a general manner of scholars. The special lang-
uage and the ideas it conveys may be essential in establishing the authority
or reliability of the work to an expert in the author’s field. For the lay-
man or for a specialist in a different field, the technical language and
style can be a barrier to understanding. Except for the work which conveys
information in manner understandable by the concerned layman, the primary
literature will not be helpful to the elected official. Instead the official
will need someone to interpret the material for him, establish its validity,
and outline its implications for the policy question at hand.
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—108—
There will be, nevertheless, works that are written with the legislator—
reader or citizen in mind and others which sacrifice nothing of quality
to clear, economic use of standard English.
Types of primary sources are described below. In some cases, examples are
identified. For the rest, the secondary literature must be relied upon
for guidance.
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—log—
Textbooks, Handbooks, Manuals, Guidelines .
These are introductory works that summarize what is known about a given
subject or what is known about a given problem and how to handle it. In
general the contents are less up to date than journal articles because of
the greater time required for preparing the book material for publication.
These may be the best sources for getting a general overview of a subject
and, provided they are well—indexed, they may serve as reference on
specific points.
Some works on political aspects of environmental issues are listed below.
Newer books can be found in the catalogs of environmental library
collections as well.
Anderson, Walt, ed, Politics and Environment: A Reader in Ecological
Crisis . Pacific Palisades, Calif: Goodyear Publishing Company, 1970.
Caidwell, Lynton. Environment: A Challenge to Modern Society . Garden
City, N.Y.: The Natural History Press, 1970.
Campbell, Rex R., and Jerry Wade. Society and Environment: The Coming
Collision . Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1972.
Cooley, Richard A., and G. Wandes Forde Smith, eds., Congress and the
Environment . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970.
Dales, J.H. Pollution, Property and Prices . Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 1968.
Davies, Clarence. The Politics of Pollution . New York: Pegasus, 1970.
Goldman, Marshall I., ed. Ecology and Economics: Controlling Pollution
in the 70’s . Englewood Cliffs. N.J.: Prentice—Hall, 1972.
Grad, Frank P., G.W. Rathjens, and A.3. Rosenthal. Environmental Control:
Priorities, Policies, and the Law . New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1971.
Johnson, Huey, ed., No Deppsit——No Return: Man and His Environment .
Reading, Mass.: Addison—Wesley, 1970.
Kneese, Allen V., R.V. Ayres, and Ralph C. d’Arge. Economics and the
Environment: A Materials Balance Approach . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
Press, 1971.
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—110—
Reitze, Arnold W., Jr., Environmental Planning: Law of Land
and Resources . Washington: North American International,
1974. $19.95.
Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Gerald 0. Barney, Ed., The Unfinished
Agenda, the Citizen’s Policy Guide to Environnental Issues . New
York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 160 pp. Appendix. References.
$3.95 (paperback).
Thompson, William Norman and Smith, Bradley Fraser, State
Attorneys General and the Environment . Kalamazoo: The New
Issues Press and the Institute of Public Affairs, Western
Michigan University, 1975.
Wright, Deli. S. Intergovernmental Action on Environmental
Policy: The Role of the States . Bloomington: Institute of
Public Administration, Indiana University, 1967.
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—111—
For specific problem areas that have been the objects of Federal programs
involving state and local participation, there are materials especially
prepared for elected officials at these levels of government. The solid
waste field, for example, is one which has a large body of literature,
accessible, readable and comprehensive. Other areas, for which the range
of possible solutions is broader, less well—defined, more complex, in
dispute or variable according to different conditions prevailing around
the country, are less well documented, e.g. wastewater management planning.
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—112—
Reports
The reports cited in the secondary literature represent a wide range of
sources and types. In general the Federal government publications and the
reports on Federally-sponsored research are the best catalogued and indexed.
They are also the most easily accessible, once identified. Between Deposi-
tory Library collections in every state, Superintendent of Documents/
Government Printing Office sales and NTIS sales at relatively low cost a
researcher can get copies to read quite readily.
State and local government and areawide agency studies or documents which
are entered into the NTIS system are similarly accessible. Quite few of
these are processed by NTIS, however. Consequently a large body of docu-
mentary literature, particularly relevant to state and local legislators’
concerns is very difficult to approach in a systematic way. Commercial
indexers have not yet undertaken major efforts to produce research aids in
these areas.
University and research institute publications are announced usually at the
time of their publication but may be quite difficult to locate using pub-
lished search tools. (More informal referrals to and through knowledgeable
individuals may be the best available means of access to these.)
Many reports are too narrow in scope or technical to be useful to the legis-
lator. Most are too long. Nevertheless alntst any sort might conceivably
be helpful at one time or another, for example:
——monographs outlining dimensions of a particular problem and
reconurtending an approach to solution
—-technical reviews which document and evaluate experimental results
under varying conditions
——state—of—the—art surveys or technology assessments which summarize
what is known about a given problem or technology and what avenues
of current inquiry appear potentially fruitful
—-conference proceedings which convey up-to-date information still
unpublished
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—113—
——annual reports of agencies, private organizations or businesses
which provide information on activities and, often, citations of
publications and names of personnel
——theses and dissertations, while usually confined to specialized
topics, may bring together statistics relevant to conditions of
inunediate local or state concern
—-standards and specifications information could be useful to the
elected official considering procurement policy.
Specialists familiar with the literature would in many instances be able
to make judgments about which available items are pertinent and potentially
helpful in answering a given inquiry, and could assemble a small collection
of the best materials or extracts from them for the legislators’ (or their
aides’) review.
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—114—
Journals
EPA’s Journal Holdings Report is a good indicator of the large number,
range and variety of journals in the environmental field. There are, in
addition, newsmagazines and general interest journals which peripherally
cover the environmental field.
These publications are particularly important vehicles for communication of
current information in the scientific and technical fields. Articles are
easily found via the secondary literature, and will deal with narrower as-
pects of a subject, generally, than books. The specialized journals may
be categorized as those produced by lobby groups or industry associations,
state publications or professional and trade journals. Depending on their
orientation, their contents may be significantly different in level of
technicality and authoritativeness. Some examples are cited below.
Professional and Trade Journals 1
Air Quality Control Digest , Wayne State University
(10 times/year) 1969 —
Aware , Community Performance Publications, Inc.
(Monthly) 1970 —
Biological Conservation , Elsevier Publication Co.,
Ltd., England (Quarterly) 1968 -
Bulletin , National Center for Resources Recovery, Inc.
(Bi—ntonthly) 1971 —
California Water Pollution Control Association Bulletin ,
California Water Pollution Control Assn., (Quarterly)
1964 —
Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series , Canadian Wild-
life Service, Canada (Published irregularly) 1966 —
1. Source: James E. Freeman et a l. , New Information Services in Social
Problem Areas - Energy, Environment and Transportation .
Industrial Economics Division, Denver Research Institute,
University of Denver, August 1973.
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ii
Catalyst for Environmental Quality , Nelson Buhier,
Publisher, 1970 —
Chemical Engineering Deskbook: Environmental Engineering .
McGraw—Hill (Annual) 1968 —
Design and Environment , R.C. Publications (Quarterly)
1970 —
Eco-logos , John Ragsdale, Editor and Publisher (Quarterly)
1971 —
Ecology Law Quarterly , California University School of
Law, Berkeley, 1971 -
Ecology and Conservation Series (Text in English and French)
UNESCO, France (Published irregularly) 1970 —
Ecology of Western North America , University of British
Columbia, Canada (Biennial) 1965 -
Ecology Today , University of Colorado (Bimonthly) 1972 -
Environment Law Review , Sage Hill Publishers, Inc.
(Annual) 1970 -
Environmental Affairs , Boston College Law School (Quarterly)
1971 —
Environmental Data Service , U.S. Dept. of Commerce
(Bimonthly) 1971 -
Environment Tomorrow , University of Victoria, Canada
(Quarterly) 1970 -
Environmental Pollution , Elsevier Publishing Co., Ltd.,
England (Quarterly) 1970 -
Environmental Science & Technology , American Chemical Society,
(Monthly) 1967 —
Filtration Engineering , Filtration Publishing, Inc.
(Monthly) 1969 -
Industrial Ecology , Magazines for Industry, Inc. (Quarterly)
1970 —
Industrial Water Engineering , Target Communications, Inc.
(Monthly) 1963 —
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-116—
International Journal of Environmental Studies , Gordon
and Breach Science Publishers, England (Quarterly) 1970 -
International Pollution Control Magazine , Scranton Publishing
Co., Inc. (Quarterly) 1970 —
Journal of Applied Ecology, The , Blackwell Scientific
Publications Ltd., England (Published irregularly) 1964 -
Journal of Environmental Education, The , University of Wis-
consin (Quarterly) 1970 -
Journal of the Society of Environmental Engineers , The
Modine Press Ltd., England (Quarterly) 1972 -
Land and Water Review , University of Wyoming (Quarterly)
1966 —
Natural Resources Lawyer , American Bar Association,
(Quarterly) 1968 —
Noise and Vibration Bulletin , Multi—Science Publishing Co.
Ltd., England (Monthly) 1970 -
Nuclear Energy and the Environment FACTSFILE , American
Nuclear Society (Monthly) 1971 —
Ocean Product News , Chandler Publishing, Inc. (Quarterly)
1968 —
Pollution Control Journal , Louis Thomas, Publisher, (Monthly)
1970 —
Pollution Engineering , Technical Publishing Co. (Bimonthly)
1969 —
Pollution Equipment News , Rinibach Publishing, Inc. (Bimonthly)
1968 —
Prentice-Hall Executive Report , Prentice-Hall, Inc. (Bimonthly)
1970 —
Resources Review , NorfoTh! Conservation District (Quarterly)
1969 —
Reuse/Recycle , Technomic Publishing Co. (Monthly) 1971 -
Waste Age , Three Sons Publishing Co., (Monthly) 1970 -
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—117—
State Publications
Arkansas Game and Fish , Arkansas Game and Fish
Commission (Quarterly) 1968 —
Environment: Illinois , Environmental Protection
Agency of the State of Illinois (Quarterly) 1970 —
Montana Outdoors , Montana Fish and Game Dept.
(Monthly) 1966 -
Nevada Outdoors and Wildlife Review , Nevada Dept.
of Fish and Game (Quarterly) 1967 -
New Hampshire National Resources . New Hampshire Fish
and Game Department (Quarterly) 1969 -
Ohio Woodlands/Conservation in Action , Ohio
Forestry Association, Inc. (Quarterly) 1963 —
Our Daily Planet , New York Mayor’s Council on the
Environment (Monthly) 1971 -
RE-SEARCH , New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Section (Quarterly) 1968 —
General Interest Serials
All Clear , All Clear Publishing 1 Inc. (10 times/year)
1969 -
Backpacker , Backpacker, Inc. (Quarterly) 1973 —
Better Recreation , Better Recreation Congress,
(Quarterly) 1973 -
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Editions
in English and French) Council of Europe, France
(Annual) 1967 —
Defenders of Wildlife News , Defenders of Wildlife
(Quarterly) 1964 —
Ecologist , Darby House 1 England (Monthly) 1970 —
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Ecology Action , Ecology Action Education Institute
(Quarterly) 1970 —
Environmental Action , Environmental Action, Inc.
(Biweekly) 1970 —
Environmental Quality , Environmental Awareness
Associates (Quarterly) 1970 —
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Raw Data
Selectivity and validation are the keys to use of raw data by the elected
official. Brief summaries in tabular, graphic or map form with accompanying
narrative on their significance are helpful. Computer print-outs would not
be. Although data such as monitoring measurements and other statistics must
be drawn upon for legislators’ briefing, some intermediary must be available
to prepare them for presentation. This may be someone either at the source,
in the direct service of the elected official, or an information specialist
familiar with the material.
For the local elected official deeply involved in programmatic and budget
decisions, data needs are particularly great. Much of the required data may
need to be generated or assembled for the specific task at hand.
Legislation, Statutes, Regulations, Bearings
Locally—generated items in these categories may be relatively easy to find
and to interpret. Up-to-date information from other states and jurisdictions
for comparative purposes may require more effort to achieve. Secondary liter-
ature and non—documentary sources, both, may identify certain points or
sources. Subjects of particular interest to business and industry seem to
be the best—documented. Clearinghouses of information in these areas
especially oriented toward the policy-maker’s perspective are less well
developed.
Nonprint Media
Understanding of some processes and problems is best acquired through direct
experience or visit to a site. Since this is not always possible, films and
videotape can be a valuable substitute. These media are generally less well
catalogued and indexed than printed material but they should not be overlooked
as significant sources of information.
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Retrieval and handling of these items require more technical facilities and
equipment than printed materials, but the availability of
facilities is becoming more widespread. With greater availability, the use-
fulness of these media will grow.
Maps
Maps can be a very important aid in conceptualizing the geographical dis-
tribution of certain problems, the combined effects of various problems on
a given area, the location of impacts emanating from a project and the areas
affected by particular environmental actions. They are also useful for
conveying environmental policy, for example, in identifying lands or waters
subject to statutory protection and regulations or conditions related to
the statutes.
Maps are, as a category of information source, generally not accessible
through the secondary literature, but rather from their respective producers.
Environmental Impact Statements
Federal Environmental Impact Statements required under the National Environ-
mental Policy Act of 1969 are systematically catalogued and announced to the
public. They are also available through Information Resources Press,
2100 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Much background is documented in the EIS in connection with impacts
of specific projects or programs. It could be monitored by policy—makers
at the State and local levels who wish to consider combined impacts or
get a comprehensive view of what is developing in their respective juris-
dictions over time. Information of this sort could be a very helpful
base for legislators considering trends and alternative policy actions; and
it should be tapped when possible in preparing legislator briefings.
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ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
SOURCES FOR
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
general reference guide
CONTENTS OF MATERIAL PACKET
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General Reference Guide Packet Contents
Environmental. Information Resources for State and Local Elected Officials
U.S. Environp enta]. Protection Agency
Information from the Library of Congress, Science and Technology
Division, Washington, D.C.: brochures and examples of material
from the Referral Center, Reference Section, and Monthly Check-
list of State Publications .
Pamphlets and brochures from public interest groups, e.g.:
National Conference of State Legislators
Model Interstate Scientific and Technological Information
Clearinghouse (MISTIC)
Small Towns Institute
Council of State Governments
American Society of Planning Officials’ Planning Advisory
Service (PAS)
League of Women Voters
National League of Cities/U.S. Conference of Mayors
Old West Regional Commission
American Institute of Planners
Government sources of environmental information.
chart: “EPA Programs in Support of State, Regional, and
Local Environmental Planning”
Pamphlets: “Public Inquiries Offices of the U.S. Geological
Survey”
“Finding Your Way Through EPA”
Directories: Directory of EPA, State, and Local Environmental
Quality Monitoring and Assessment Activities ,
Office of Research and Development, EPA
Directory of Computerized Environmental. Information
Resources , Kentucky University Institute for Mining
and Minerals Research, October 1976.
Environmental/Socioeconomic Data Sources , Head-
quarters, U.S. Air Force Directorate, Engineerin;
cifld Services, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census, October 1976.
State and Local Environmental Libraries , U.S. EPA
and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
November 1976.
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Packet Contents, Cont’d.
Government reports ard reprints of technical studies.
NTIS brochure and sample publications from U.S. Government
Printing Office (GPO) and National Technical Information
Service (NTIS)
Sample conference and training program announcements.
Environmental impact statement information, sample publication.
Brochures describing current awareness publications and informa-
tion services.
Examples of reports on environmental subjects obtained through
information sources cited in the General Reference Guide .
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ENVIRON NThL INFORMATION
RESOURCES FOR
STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
general reference guide
APPENDIX B: ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRNIS FOR WHICH STATES OR
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS RAVE
IMPLEMENTATION RESPONSIBILITY
UNDER EPA PURVIEW
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Environmental Prog ms for Which States or Local Governments
Have Implementation Responsibility
Under EPA Purview
AIR QUALITY
1. State Implementation Plans
Legislative mandate: Clean Air Act (P.L. 91-604 as amended Sec. 110)
States may delegate to sub-State agencies.
By May 31, 1977 states are to meet primary National Ambient Air
Quality standards, and secondary standards within a reasonable time
thereafter. The State Implementation Plan should provide for
meeting, and afterward maintaining, the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards. Control strategies are to focus on reducing pollutant
emissions as necessary to meet standards and to accommodate new
development without exceeding the standards. Section 105 of the
Clean Air Act provides for funding of State and local air polllution
control agencies and up to 2/3 of planning costs, administered
through the EPA Regional Offices.
EPA contacts for policy and procedural guidance:
Office of the Asst. Administrator for Air and Waste Management,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy;
for monitoring, implementation and enforcement:
EPA Regional Offices
2. Prevention of Significant Deterioration
Legislative mandate: Clean Air Act (P.L. 91-604, Sec. 101 as inter-
preted by the Courts and implemented through Sec. 110. States may
delegate responsibility to sub-State (local) areas.
States must set a limit on permissible deterioration of air quality
for those areas which are now better than national standards; and
must establish procedures and review program for proposed new sources
of emission to ensure that air quality not fall below the set limit.
EPA contacts for policy and procedural guidance:
Office of the Asst. Administrator for Air and Waste Management,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy;
for monitoring, implementation and enforcement:
EPA Regional Offices
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AIR QUALITY (cont t d)
3. Air Quality Maintenance
Legislative mandate: Clean Air Act (P.L. 91-604 as amended Sec. 110)
States may delegate to sub-State agencies.
This program seeks to develop a strategy for maintaining air quality
in conformance with standards over a period 10-20 years in the future.
States are required to do analysis and planning on a regional scale
(usually defined as SMSA’s or natural resource development regions)
and to devise programs for future air quality. Their strategies are
to be updated every five years and are to be coordinated with compre-
hensive land use planning and comprehensive transportation planning
for the respective planning areas as well as with Section 208 waste—
water management plans. Funding for this work is available under
Section 205 of the Clean Air Act and through the EPA Regional Offices.
EPA contacts for policy and procedural guidance:
Office of the Asst. Administrator for Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy
for monitoring, implementation and enforcement:
EPA Regional Offices
4. Transportation Control Plans
Legislative mandate: Clean Air Act (P.L. 91-604 as amended Sec. 110)
State or State—delegated local (sub—State) agencies are responsible.
States are to prepare short range (3-5 years) strategies for reducing
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles below
the levels which can be achieved by the Federal Motor Vehicle Emissions
Control Program and the Stationary Source Regulations alone. Federal
funding is available for this planning work under Section 205 of the
Clean Air Act and through the EPA Regional Offices.
EPA contacts for policy and procedural guidance:
Office of the Asst. Administrator for Air and Waste Management
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy
for monitoring, implementation and enforcement:
EPA Regional Offices
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AIR QUALITY (cont’d)
5. New Source Review
Legislative mandate: Clean Air Act (P.L. 91-604 as amended Sec. 111
and 112)
States are responsible for this program but may, in some situations,
delegate the tasks to sub-State agencies.
For new stationary sources that are considered to be significant con-
tributors to air pollution, the States are to establish a pre—construc-
tion review and permit process which includes the setting of performance
standards. The specific sources which come within this program are to
be designated by the States. Funding is available under Section 205 of
the Clean Air Act and through EPA’s Regional Offices.
EPA contacts for policy and procedural guidance:
Office of the Asst. Administrator for Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
for monitoring, implementation and enforcement:
EPA Regional Offices
WATER QUALITY
1. State and Areawide Water Quality Management Planning
Legislative mandate: Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)
Amendements of 1972 (P.L. 92—500, Sec. 106, 303 Ce) and 208.)
Responsible bodies of government are Areawide waste treatment
management agencies and/or Statewide management agencies.
This program is directed toward those areas with substantial water
quality problems (mostly urbanized and industrial areas but also
natural resource development regions) for which solutions will involve
an entire metropolitan area or region. Problem areas of this sort
will 1 in most cases, have to be identified arid so designated by the
States. EPA-designated areawide wastewater management agencies/or
the States are to assess future (20 year) needs of their respective
areas of responsibility and to plan for meeting these needs. The
scope of planning activity is to include establishing priorities for
construction of wastewater treatment facilities, plans for non—treat-
ment approaches to w tewater management (e.g. land use controls),
preparing an ixnplemei. .atiori schedule. Extensive coordination with
other agencies and p igrams involved in land and water use and economic
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WATER QUALITY (cont’ d)
development as well as environmental protection, is necessary.
Funding is available to cover 100% of the planning costs.
EPA contact: Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Water
Planning Division
2. Waste Treatment Facilities Planning
Legislative mandate: FWPCA Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500, Sec. 201
et seq.)
Responsibility is laid to local governmental jurisdictions and/or
special sewage districts.
When new construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities
is determined to be the most cost-effective means of meeting
effluent guidelines and water quality standards, and satisfying
social and economic development needs, then this program provides
funds for planning and building such facilities. Funds are
allocated in a step—by-step fashion on review and acceptance of
plans by EPA. The steps are: planning, construction design and
finally, the actual building.
EPA contact: Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Municipal
Construction Division
3. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES )
Legislative mandate: FWPCA Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500,
Secs. 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 309, and 402). EPA delegates
authority to States with approved permit programs.
All point sources must have permits, renewable every five years at
most, which are subject to monitoring and enforcement. Through the
NPDES program States and EPA are to have a tool for controlling
effluents in order that water quality standards be maintained. By
1977 all municipalities are to provide in their public wastewater
treatment works secondary level treatment, and by 1983, the best
practicable treatment technology. Non—municipal point sources are
to have in place and use the best practicable treatment technology
economically feasible by 1977 and the best treatment technology
available by 1983.
EPA contact: Office of Enforcement, Office of Water Enforcement
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WATER QUALITY (cont d)
4. Clean Lakes
Legislative mandate: FWPCA Amendments, 1972, P.L. 92—500, Sec. 314.
States are to designate grant recipients.
The program deals with non-point source pollution in lakes. Its
approach includes identification and classification of publicly—
owned fresh water lakes in the States, development of procedures,
processes and methodology for controlling sources of lake pollution,
planning for restoration of lake water quality and providing
financial assistance for implementing restoration programs.
EPA contact: Office of Water Planning and Standards, Criteria and
Standards Division
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
1. Public Water Supply Systems
Legislative mandate: Safe Drinking Water Act, P.L. 93—523, Sec. 1411.
State may choose to implement the program; EPA will implement it if
the State fails to do so.
Objectives of the program are to protect public health by developing
national primary drinking water regulations for maximum contaminant
levels, to promulgate national secondary optional regulations relating
to taste, odor, and appearance of drinking water. States may receive
grants through EPA for public water system supervision programs and
may receive technical assistance as well. Eligible public water sys-
texns are those which serve at least 25 individuals.
EPA contact: Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Office of
Water Supply
2. Underground Injection Control
Legislative mandate: Safe Drinking Water Act, P.L. 93-523, Sec. 1421.
States may choose to implement the program; EPA will implement it if
they do not.
This program is designed to assist States in establishing program with
primary responsibility for the implementation of underground injection
control regulations. It also provides grants to the States for carrying
out programs for protection of underground drinking water sources.
EPA contact for policy and technical guidance:
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Office of
Water Supply
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SOLID WASTE
1. State Solid Waste Management Planning
Legislative mandate: Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended,
(P.L. 94—580), Sections 4002, 4003, and 4007.
Implementing bodies: States.
EPA must publish guidelines for state solid waste management plans,
in conformance with the objectives of Section 4001. State plans must
meet minimum requirements set forth in Section 4003 and by EPA guide-
lines. In order to be eligible for financial assistance under the
Act, a State plan must receive the approval of the Administrator.
Federal grants are available to assist States in development and imple-
mentation of State plans. Authorization is $30,000,000 for FY 78 and
$40,000,000 for FY 79. (No appropriations yet made.) Technical
assistance is also available.
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Solid Waste, EPA Regional Offices,
Solid Waste Management Representative
2. Technical Assistance for Solid Waste Management
Legislative mandate: Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended,
(P.L. 94—580), Sections 4008 Cd), 2003
Implementing bodies: State and local government, with provision of
assistance from EPA.
Teams of personnel known as “Resource Conservation and Recovery Panels”
are to be provided to States and local governments at their request for
technical assistance on particular solid waste management, resource
recovery, and resource conservation projects. The service is free of
charge. Section 4008 Cd) provides that EPA may, in addition, provide
technical assistance to State and local governments for purposes of
developing nd implementing State plans. A lot less than 20 percent
of the appropriation made for general administrationof the Act is to
be spent for the panels, yielding a maximum possible expenditure of
$7,600,000 in FY 78 and $8,400,000 in FY 79.
Responsible EPA Office: Office of Solid Waste
3. Solid Waste Guidelines
Legislative mandate: Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended,
(P.L. 94—580), Sections 1008 and 6004.
Implementing bodies: States and Federal agencies.
EPA develops suggested guidelines for solid waste management by States
and localities. The guidelines describe levels of performance and
appropriate methods of control that provide at a minimum: (1) protec-
tion of public health and welfare, (2) protection of ground and surface
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SOLID WASTE (cont’d )
waters from leachates, (3) protection of quality of surface waters from
runoff through compliance with effluent limits of FWPCA, (4) protection
of ambient air quality through compliance with new performance standards
or requirements of Clean Air Act, (5) disease and vector control, (6)
safety, and (7) esthetics. In addition, EPA provides criteria by which
the States must designate the open dumping practices prohibited under
the Act. The guidelines also include information on location, design,
and construction of solid waste management facilities.
EPA is responsible for issuing guidelines for identifying regional areas
with common solid waste problems and determining appropriate units for
planning regional solid waste management services.
Any Federal agency which generates solid waste (under circumstances
described in Section 6004) or is involved in any solid waste disposal
activities is required to comply with the guidelines recommended under
Section 1008.
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Solid Waste, Office of the Administrator
HAZARDOUS WASTE
1. State Hazardous Waste Management Planning
Legislative mandate: Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended
(P.L. 94—580), Subtitle C
Implementing bodies: States, or in absence of State action, EPA
EPA writes guidelines to assist States in development of State hazardous
waste programs. States may operate an existing or new program in lieu
of the Federal program if the State program is approved by EPA as sub-
stantially equivalent to the Federal program (See Hazardous Waste
Guidelines section below for areas of action mandated). Federal grants
and technical assistance are available to assist the States in
developing hazardous waste management plans. FY 78 and FY 79 authori-
zations are $25,000,000.
Responsible EPA Office: Office of Solid Waste
2. Technical Assistance for Hazardous Waste Management
Legislative mandate: Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended
(P.L. 94—580), Subtitle H, SEctions 2002 and 8001 (c4)
Implementing bodies: EPA, States and localities.
EPA may detail persol-knel from EPA to agencies eligible for assistance
under Section 8001, including Stat.:, intr rstate, and 1o -aI public
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HAZARDOUS WASTE, (cont’d )
agencies. This technical assistance, along with financial assistance
available through this section, is to be used in the conduct of
research, investigations, experiments, training, demonstrations,
surveys, public education programs, and studies, and in carrying out
other purposes of the Act.
Responsible EPA Office: Office of Solid Waste
3. Hazardous Waste Guidelines
Legislative mandate: Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended
(P.L. 94—580), Subtitle C, Subtitle D, Section 4002.
Implementing bodies: States, or in absence of State action, EPA
EPA must develop criteria for identifying hazardous wastes and pre-
pare a list which will then be subject to the provisions of Subtitle
C. The Governor of any State may request EPA to add other hazardous
wastes.
EPA sets performance standards for recordkeeping, labeling, contain-
erization, information needs, trainsport, treatment, storage and
disposal of hazardous wastes. Included among these standards are
requirements for a manifest system for keeping track of all hazardous
waste generated, and a permit system for all hazardous waste treat-
ment, storage and disposal facilities.
Responsible EPA Office: Office of Solid Waste
RADIATION
1. Radiation Program
Legislative mandate: The sources of EPA’s Radiation Protection author-
ities include: Public Health Service Act, Ocean Dumping Act, Clean Air
Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Also, the functions of the
Federal Radiation Council were transferred to EPA in 1970.
Implementing bodies: State agencies are responsible for assisting local
authorities to implement radiological emergency response planning.
EPA has proposed standards and guidelines on a wide variety of radia-
tion issues, such as guidelines for phosphate land recovery, transpor-
ting radioactive materials, and recommendations for exposure levels in
the natural environment. EPA provides technical assistance to State
agencies in developing radiological emergency response plans, but no
funding for State programs.
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Radiation Programs
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PEST I CI DES
1. erimenta1 Pesticide Use Permits
Legislative mandate: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act (P.L. 92-516), as amended by P.L. 94-140, Section 5 (f)
[ FIFRA]
Implementing bodies: States
States are permitted to issue Experimental Use Permits in accord-
ance with a State plan approved under the provisions of Section 5
(f) of FIFRA and in conformance with the regulations in that Action.
This part of the legislation is designed to allow the gathering of
data necessary to register the pesticide(s) under Section 24 Cc) of
the Act (see below).
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Water and Hazardous Materials
Office of Pesticide Programs
2. State Pesticide Registration
Legislative mandate: FIFRA (P.L. 92—516), as amended by P.L. 94—
140, Section 24 Cc).
Implementing bodies: States
States are permitted to register with EPA pesticide products intended
to meet special local needs, such as usage on specialty crops and on
occasional or resistant pests. Interim certification is issued only
after certification by the Administrator of compliance with the stan-
dards of Section 24 (c) of FIFRA. This part of the legislation is
designed to enable the State to quickly respond to local situations
and make available to pesticide applicators products that might
otherwise be unavailable.
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Water and Hazardous Materials
Office of Pesticide Programs
3. Cooperative Pesticide Enforcement
Legislative mandate: FIFRA, Section 22 (b) and Section 23 Ca)
Implementing bodies: States
Federal grants-in-aid (contingent upon FY 77 budget action) are
available to assist States in implementing State and Federal pesticide
laws, developing inspection and laboratory procedures, and developing
a general strategy for the surveillance and enforcement of the use of
pesticides. This program is particularly directed toward control over
the manufacture, formulation, distribtuion, transportation, use and
disposal of pesticides.
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Enforcement, Pesticides Enforcement
Division
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PESTICIDES, (cont ‘ d )
4. Certification of Pesticide Applicators
Legislative mandate: FIFRA, Section 4
Implementing bodies: States
States are required to develop a plan for the certification of
applicators of restricted use pesticides. This plan must include
the State program, policy, framework for local government planning,
regulations, standards and recommendations for legislative action.
After October 21, 1977, only those individuals certified or working
under the direct supervision of a certified applicator will be per-
mitted to use restricted use pesticides. Federal funding was $9.6
million in Fl 76 and $5.2 was proposed for Fl 77, available through
grants to State lead agencies and the State Cooperative Extension
Service.
Responsible EPA Offices: Water and Hazardous Materials
Office of Pesticide Programs
NOISE
1. Technical Assistance for Noise Control
Legislative mandate: Noise Control Act of 1972, P.L. 92—574, Section
14(2)
Implementing bodies: State and local governments are responsible for
implementing noise control programs, and may impose sanctions for
non—compliance.
States and localities are encouraged to adopt effective noise control
programs and to enforce standards through monitoring and assessment,
with technical assistance from EPA, but no direct financial assistance.
EPA is to develop a national noise monitoring and assessment approach,
and improved methods and standards for the measurement and monitoring
of noise. EPA assists the States by (1) developing State and community
model noise legislation, (2) conducting workshops for training State
and local noise control officials, (3) reviewing and commenting on pro-
posed noise ordinances, (4) lending noise monitoring equipment, and
(5) conducting noise monitoring and surveys. All State and local
governments are eligible for assistance.
Responsible EPA Offices: Office of Air and Waste Management, Office
of Noise Control Programs
EPA Regional Office Noise Representative
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