DEEP WELLS FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INJECTION IN THE UNITED STATES
Summary of data
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Wafer Pollution Control Adminisfrafion
C/ncinnafi, Onio
November
1967
WP- 20-10
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DEEP WELLS FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INJECTION IN THE UNITED STATKS
Sunmary of Data
Don L. Warner
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Cincinnati, Ohio
November 1967
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In its assigned function as the Nation’s principal natural
resource agency, the United States Department of the Interior bears
a special obligation to ensure that our expendable resources are
conserved, that renewable resources are managed to produce optimun
yields, and that all resources contribute their full measure to the
progress, prosperity, and security of America -- now and in the future.
The WATER POLLtIFION CONTROL RESEAROI SERIES of reports was
established to describe the results of research studies of water
pollution. This SERIES provides a central source of information
on the intramural research activities of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration in the U. S. Department of the Interior and
on the research program’s cooperative and contractual activities
with Federal, State, and local agencies, research institutions, and
industrial organizations.
Reports in this Series will be distributed to requesters as
supplies permit. Requests should be sent to the organizational unit
identified on the title page or to the Publications Office, Ohio Basin
Region, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45226.
Water Pollution Control Research Series Publication No. WP-20-iO
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OWFENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Summary ...... •......................u................ 1
References •........ •s••I...,... •••••••.....••,.••,• 5
Injection Well I)ata . • • • . • . • . . . • •• . • . • . • . • . , • . . • • • . • , 8
i
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I NTRODUCTION
The use of deep wells for disposal of some concentrated,
relatively untreatable liquid wastes has increased in recent years
and it is expected that this method will be widely applied in the
future as water pollution control is emphasized.
It has come to our attention through our own research efforts
and through contact with state agencies, industries, and individuals,
that there is the lack of readily available current information
regarding the location, design, and operating experience of existing
industrial waste injection wells..
This publication lists 110 industrial waste injection wells
and some of their characteristics. The data listed include:
1. Operator of well
2. Se11 location
3. 1)ate of initiation of operation
4. A. Total well depth
B. Depth of injection horizon(s)
C. Geologic formations used for injection -
rock type - formation age
5. Chemical and physical character of waste
6. Injection rate
7. Injection pressure (well head)
8. Source(s) of information
The information contained herein is believed to be generally
accurate, but as indicated under sources of information, much of it
was obtained indirectly and we have not yet, in most cases, attempted
to verify it,
Detailed data on aspects of design, construction, and operation
can be obtained for a rn nnber of wells from the references that are
cited. Such additional information can also be obtained through
inquiries to the individual companies and the appropriate state
and federal offices.
SU!$IARY
One hundred and ten industrial waste injection wells located
in 16 states are described. Table 1 and Figure 1 summarize the con-
tained information. The table shows that about 82 percent of the
wells are used by chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical product
plants; refineries and natural gas plants; and metal product plants.
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TABLE 1
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INJECTION WELL DATA
I)ISTRIBIJTION OF INJECTION WELLS
BY INDUSTRY TYPE
Type of Industry Percentage of Existing Wells
Refineries and Natural Gas Plants 20%
Chemical, petrochemical, and 55%
pharmaceutical companies
Metal products companies 7%
Other 18%
TOTAL DEPTh OF INJECTION WELLS
Total Well I pth Percentage
of
Wells
0 - 1,000 feet 5%
1,001 - 2,000 feet 32%
2,001 - 4,000 feet 27%
4,001 - 6,000 feet 28
b,001 - 12,000 feet 6%
over 12,000 feet 2%
1YPE OF ROCK USED FOR INJECTION
Rock Type Percentage
of
Wells
Sand 33%
Sandstone 41%
Limestone and dolomite 22%
Other 4%
2
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TABLE 1 (CONTINUED)
RATE OF INJECTION
Injectiąn Rate
Percentage
of
Wells
0- 5ogpm
23%
51- 100 gpm
11%
101 - 200 gpm
25%
201 - 400 gpm
19%
401 - 800 gpm
3%
over 800 gpm
1%
unknown
18%
PRESSURE
AT
IVHIQ!
WASTE
IS
INJECTED
Injection Pressure
Percentage
of
Wells
Gravity flow
11%
Gravity - 150 psi
19%
151 - 300 psi
15%
301 - 600 psi
6%
601 - 1,500 psi
13%
over 1,500 psi
2%
unknown
34%
3
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i2C 1
0
Wells commencing operation
100 — during 1967 and those drilled 0
but not yet in operation *;
p
oz /
wo /
-)—
ZI- —
/
LJW
0 Q-
a: /
w
mZ 60
w
>_J
I— .0 -
4 —
JU)
_j /
ii
—
— —
-. —
_0
I I I
950 1955 1960 965 1970
(JANUARY I) 1967
YEAR (JANUARY I)
Figure I. Number of injection wells placed in operation each year during
the period January 1950 to January 1967.
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Some of the remaining wells are operated by a paper mill, a uranium
mill, an airlines maintenance facility, a nylon plant, a coking
plant, an aerospace facility, and a photo processing facility.
The wells range in total depth from a few hundred to over 12,000
feet, but 64 percent are less than 4,000 feet deep and 92 percent
are less than 6,000 feet deep. Injection is into unlithified
sands (33%), sandstones (41%), limestones and dolomites (22%)
with the exception of five wells. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal
well (Cl-i) is injecting into fractured Precambrian gneiss , one
of the lianimermill Paper Company wells (P-3) is reportedly injecting
into fractured or sheared Precambrian crystalline rocks as well
as younger sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, and three wells
(Ka-l, Mc-18, and Mc-19) are injecting into evaporite sequences.
Available injection rate and pressure data are not considered
particularly satisfactory, but they indicate the range within
which existing wells are operating. Injection rates for a single
well range from a few gallons per minute to over 900 gpm with
34 percent injecting less than 100 gpm and 78 percent injecting
less than 400 gpin. Eleven percent of the wells are injecting by
gravity flow and 51 percent are injecting at a well-head pressure
of less than 600 psi. It is probable that most of the wells for
which data are not available are injecting less than 400 gpm at
a pressure of less than 600 psi.
Figure 1 shows the number of injection wells placed in
operation during each year from January 1950 to January 1967.
More wells (46) were put into operation during the three-year
period from January 1964 to January 1967, than during the previous
14-year period 1950-1963 (45 wells). This increase in rate of
construction of injection wells can be attributed to increased
emphasis on water pollution control and the more widespread accep-
tance of this disposal method that has accompanied its successful
use.
The existing injection systems in the United States are
heavily concentrated in the north-central and Gulf Coast areas.
This distribution is a result of a combination of factors including
favorable subsurface geology, heavy industrial concentration, and
the attitude of the various states regarding the use of subsurface
disposal systems.
The cooperation of the various state agencies, industrial
companies, and individuals who have supplied information contained
herein is appreciatively acknowledged.
4
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RLFLRENCLS
1. Adinoff, J., 1955, 1)isposal of Organic Chemical Wastes to
Underground Formations, in Ninth Indust. I%astc Conf. Proc.,
Purdue, 1954; Purdue Univ. Lxt. Ser No. 87, p. 32-38.
2. Arlin, Z. E., 1962, I’ cp-Wel1 Disposal of tJrani n Tailing
Water, in, Proc. 2nd conf. on Ground 1)isposal of Radioactive
Wastes,1halk River, Canada, Sept. 26-29, 1961: El. S. Atomic
Lnergy Conmi. TIfl-7628, Book 2, p. 356-360.
3. Barraclough, J. ‘1., 1966, Waste Injection into a Deep Limestone
in Northwestern florida: Ground Water, V. 4, No. 1, p. 22-25.
4. Batz, M. L., 1964, Deep Well Disposal of Nylon Waste Water:
them. hng. Progress, V. 60, No. 10, p. 85-SM.
5. Brown, K. W., and Spalding, C. W., 1900, Deep-Well Disposal
of Spent Hardwood Pulping Liquors: Water Pollution Control
Federation Jour., V. 38, No. 12, p. 1910-1925.
6. Chemical Week, 1965, Learning to Whip Well Woes: Chemical
Week, April 10, p. 113 and 115.
7. Civil Lnginecring, 1966, Production Waste Goes Underground
at Ilolland-Suco: Civil Lnginecring, May, p. 92.
8. Dean, B. T., 1905, The Design and Operation of a Deep-Well
Disposal System: Water Pollution Control }vcl. Jour., V. 37,
No. 2, p. 245-254.
9. Denaldson, L. C., 1964, Subsurface Disposal of Industrial
Wastes in tue United States: U. S. Bureau of Mines lnf. Circ.
8212, 34 p.
10. Lvans, I). M., 1966, Man-made 1.arthquakes in Denver: Geotimes,
May-June, p. 11-18.
11. Graves, B. S., 1961, Underground Disposal of Sour Water, in
1 enty-fourth Ann. Short Course for Water and Sewerage Pi Iit
Superintendents and Operators Proc.: Louisiana State Univ.
Eng. Expt. Sta. Bull. No. 67, p. 74-80.
12. }lartman, C. D., 1966, Use of Deep Well Method For Waste Disposal
at Midwest: Paper presented at Water Pollution Control Federal
Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, September 1966.
13. Ilenkel, II. 0., September 1953, Surface and Underground Disposa]
of Chemical Wastes at Victoria, Texas: Sewage and Indus. Wastes,
V. 25, No. 9, p. 1044-1049.
5
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14. Henkel, H. 0., 1955, Deep-Well Disposal of chemical Wastes:
them. Eng. Progress, V. 51, No. 12, p. 551-554.
15. Hough, L. W., 1963, Protection of Underground Fresh Water
Sands in Louisiana: Paper presented to Research Committee
of the Interstate Oil Compact Commission, June 1963, New
Orleans, La.
lb. Ilough, L. W., 1965, Salt Water and Waste Disposal Wells -
State Regulations and Geological Problems: Louisiana Geological
Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 10 p.
17. Ilundley, C. L., and Matulis, J. T., 1962, Deep Well Di3posal,
in Seventeenth Indust. Waste Conf. Proc., Purdue, May 1961:
Viirdue Univ. Engr. Ext. Ser. No. 112, p. 176-180.
18. llundley, C. L., and Matulis, J. 1., 1963, Deep Well 1)isposal:
Ground Water, V. 1, No. 2, April, p. 15-17.
19. Jukkola, W. H. and Vajada, S., 1965, Deep Well Sulfuric Acid
Waste I)isposal: Paper presented at Ohio Water Pollution Control
Federation Conf., Akron, Ohio, June 17.
20. Luff, G. S., 1960, Underground Waste Disposal for American
Airlines, Inc., in Proc. 11th Oklahoma Industrial Wastes Conf.:
Oklahoma State tiiffv., Stiliwater, Oklahoma, p. 71-80.
21. Mechem, 0. E. , and Garrett, J. II., 1963, Deep Injection Disposal
Well for Liquid Toxic Waste: Am. Soc. Civ. Engineers Proc.
Jour. Construction Div., p. 111-121.
22. Moffett, J. G., Jr., 1960, Underground Disposal of Industrial
Wastes, in Twenty-Third Ann. Short Course for Water and Sewage
Plant Siij5 rintendents and Operators Proc.: Louisiana State
Univ. Eng. Expt. St. Bull. No. 65, p. 155-162.
23. Paradiso, S. J., 1956, Disposal of Fine chemical Wastes, in
Tenth Indust. Waste Conf. Proc.: Purdue Univ. Ext. Ser. N T 89,
p. 49-60.
24. Polumbus, E. A., Jr. and Associates Inc., 1961, Rocky Mountain
Arsenal Pressure Injection Well - Final Report on Drilling,
3 Vols.: li. A. Polumbus, Jr. and Associates, Inc., Denver,
Colorado.
25. Sadow, R. D., 1963, How Monsanto Handles its Petrochemical
Wastes: Wastes Eng., Dec., p. 640-644.
26. Sadow, R. 1)., 1966, Waste Treatment at a Large Petrochemical
Plant: Water Pollution Control Federation Jour., V. 38, No. 3,
p. 428-441.
6
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27. Scopel, L. J., 1964, Pressure Injection L)isposal Well, Rocky
Mountain Arsenal, Denver, Colorado: The Mountain Geologist,
V. I, No. 1, Jan., p. 35—42.
28. Spalding, C. W., Ilakalo, 1). I ., and Carpenter, H. S., Jr.,
1965, liecp Well Disposal of Spent Pumping Liquors: Tech.
Assoc. of Pulp and Paper Industries, V. 48, No. 5, p. 68A-71A.
29. Water Well Jour., 19b5, Operation Deep Well: Water Well Jour.,
May, p. 28-29.
30. Wi nar, R. N., 1 96 , The Deepest Iinderg round Sewer in Michigan:
Paper presented at the Spring Meeting of the Eastern District
of Production American Petroleum Institute, April 27-29, 196b.
31. Woodlcy, R. A., and Moore, S. L., 196o, 1)ecp Well Disposal of
Industrial Wastes in Indiana: Jour. Milk and Food Tech., V. 29,
July, p. 211-213.
7
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INJECTION WELL DATA
Ca-i
1. Aerojet General Corporation
2. Sacramento, California
3. January 1963
4. A. 1,564 ft.
B. 970-1,564 ft.
C. Sands interbedded with siltstone and mudstone - Tertiary age
5. Waste from nitroplasticizer plant total dissolved solids 48,000
ppm; Na 14,500 ppm; K 6,000 ppm; NO 2 2,100 ppm; SO 4 12,100 ppm;
(:1 9,350 ppm; pH 6.2-12.2.
6. Variable - 30 gpm average
7. 50 psi maximun allowable
8. Written communication California State Water Quality Control
Board and Aerojet General Corporation
Ca- 2
1. Fairchild Space and Defense Systems Division, Photo Processing Plant
2. Beale Air Force Base, California near Marysville, California
3. 1966
4. A. 1,110 ft. plugged back to 1,071 ft.
B. 989-1,070 ft.
C. Wheatland (?) Formation -
Sand - Eocene (?) age
5. Photo processing waste including developers, fix solutions, hardeners,
bleaches, and wash waters from both color and black and white processes.
The waste liquid contains dissolved silver that is removed by exchange
with iron before injection.
7.
8. Written communication Fairchild Space and Defense Systems
Ca- 3
1. Fairchild Space and Defense Systems I)ivision, Photo Processing Plant
2. Beale Air Force Base, California near Marysville, California
3. 1906
4. A. 1,304 ft. plugged back to 1,190 ft.
B. 1,106-1,196 ft.
C. Wheatland (?) Formation - Sand - Eocene (?) age
5. Photo processing waste including developers, fix solutions, hardeners,
bleaches, and wash waters from both color and black and white processes.
The waste liquid contains dissolved silver that is removed by exchange
with iron before injection.
8
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Ca-3 (Continued)
a.
7.
8. %ritten conununication Fairchild Space and Defense Systems
Ca- 4
1. Fairchild Space and Defense Systems Division, Photo Processing
Plant
2. Beale Air Force Base, California near Marysville, California
3. 1966
4. A. 1,289 ft. plugged back to 1,213 ft.
B. 1,104 - 1,203 ft.
C. Wheatland (?) Formation - Sand - Locenc (?) age
5. Photo processing waste including developers, fix solutions,
hardeners, bleaches, and wash waters from both color and black
and white processes. The waste liquid contains dissolved
silver that is removed by exchange with iron before injection.
6.
7.
8. Written communication Fairchild Space and Defense Systems
Cl -1
1. U. S. Anny Corps of Lngineers
2. Rocky Mountain Arsenal, 10 miles northeast of Denver, Colorado
3. March 1962 (operation suspended during February 1966)*
4. A. 12,045 ft.
B. 11,975-12,045 ft.
C. Fractured gnciss of Precambrian age
5. Analysis not available described as s]ightly basic (p11 8) and
containing ammonia, nitrates, chlorides, chlorates, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, and organic phosphorous compounds.
6. Variable about 200 gpin when operating
7. About 500 psi at an injection rate of 200 gprn. Ilaximum pressure
about 1,01)0 psi.
8. Polumbus, E . A., and Associates, 1961
Mechem and Garrett, 1963
Scopel, 1964
Donaldson, 1964
*1 e1l operation was suspended because it was suggested that the well
may have been associated with earthquakes that have occurred in the
Denver area since 1962 (Evans, 1966).
9
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1.—I
1. Chemstrand Company, I)ivision of Monsanto Company
2. Pensacola, Florida
3. July 19b3
4. A. 1,800 ft.
B. l,400-l,bOO ft.
C. Lower limestone of Floridan aquifer - limestone - Tertiary age
5. Variable waste from nylon plant composed of organic monohasic and
diabasic acids, nitric acid, ammonia, adiponitrile, hexamethylene-
diamine, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, alcohols, and ketones.
‘lurbidity 35-95 ppm, p11 2.2-8.9.
b. 2 8-l,l00 gpm
7. Injection pressure decreased during operation from an initial 288
gpm at 149 psi to 700 gpm at 137 psi during 19ö4. Decrease in
injection pressure is attributed to dissolution of injection
horizon by acid waste.
8. !3atz, 1964
Dean, 19O5
Barraclough, I 9(
F- 2
1. Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative
2. Near Belle Glade, Florida
3. 1960
4. A. 1,900 ft.
B
C. cedar Keys Formation - limestone - Tertiary age
5. 1% acetic acid solution
6.
7.
8. Written communication Florida Geological Survey
11—1
1. Velsicol chemical Corporation
2. Near Marshall-Clark County, Illinois
3. March lYōb
4. A. 2,636 ft.
B. 2,372-2,636 ft.
C. Limestone of Devonian age
5. The waste is produced from the manufacture of thlordane and contains
about 100,000 mg/i dissolved solids, primarily spertt sodium hypo-
chlorite and sodium chloride, and 50 ppm suspended solids. The
specific gravity is about 1.14 and the p11 is about 12.5
6. 00,000 gpd (42 gpm)
7. Gravity flow
8. Written communication illinois Sanitary Water Board and written
and oral communication Velsicol Chemical Corporation
10
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11-2
1. Cabot Carbon Corporation
2. Near Tuscola, Douglas County, Illinois
3. 1966
4. A. 5,317 ft.
B. 4,898 ft.
C. Eninence Dolomite - Cambrian age
Potosi Dolomite - Cambrian age
Franconia Formation - Cambrian age
5. Hydrochloric acid solution
6. 35,000 gpd maximum (25 gpm)
7. Gravity flow
8. Written communication Illinois Sanitary Water Board
11-3
1. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation
2. Near Ilennepin, Putnam County, Illinois
3. Not yet in operation March 1967
4. A. 4,868 ft.
B. 3,144 to 4,868 ft.
C. Mt. Simon Sandstone - Cambrian age
5. Hydrochloric and chromic acid solution
6. 130 gpm anticipated
7. 200 psi maximum allowable
8. Written communication Illinois Sanitary Water Board
In-i
1. American Cyanamid Company
2. Michigan City, Indiana
3. 1951
4. A. 295 ft.
B. 200 to 295 ft.
C. Sandstone
5. Waste from preparation of aluminum oxide petroleum catalytic
cracking catalyst. Waste contains 6,500 mg/i sodium sulfate,
5,000 mg/l ammonium sulfate, and 150 mg/i acidity.
6. 350 gpm
7. 50 psi
8. Donaldson, 1964
Written communication Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
11
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In- 2
1. ,\merican Cyanarnid Company
2. Michigan City, Indiana
3. l95
4. A. 05() ft.
B. 270 to b5() ft.
C. Limestone and dolomite of Silurian and I)cvonian age
5. Waste from preparation of aluminum oxide petroleum catalytic
cracking catalyst. V astc contains 6,500 mg/i sodium sulfate,
5,00(1 mg/I ammonium sulfate, and 150 mg/I acidity.
0. 35(1 gpm. Used alternately with In-i
7. 50 pSi
t . Donaldson, 1964
Woodley and Moore, 1900
Written communication Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
In- 3
1. Indiana Farm Bureau Co-op Association, Inc.
2. Mt. Vernon, Indiana
3. 1959
4. A. 2,400 ft.
II. 2,0(10 - 2,200 ft.
C. hlardinshurg Formation - Sandstone - Mississippian age
5. Waste water containing 0.1 lb/gal, sulfides
6. 6,300 gallons/month
7.
. Woodley and Moore, 1960
Written communication Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
In -4
1. FNC Corporation, Newport Army Ammunition Plant
2. Newport, Indiana
3. November 1960
‘1. A. 6,luO ft.
B. 5,450 - 0,160 ft.
C. ‘It. Simon Sandstone - Sandstone - Cambrian age
5. highly toxic waste from chemical manufacture consisting in part
of sodium hydroxide, phosphorous trichioride, methyldichioro-
phosphine, ethanol, and alnmonium chloride. p11 greater than 10,
suspended solids 0.1 - 0.2 percent.
6. 50 - 110 gpm when operating
7. 400 - 1,200 psi
8. Ilundley and Matulis, 1962 and 1963
Jbnaldson, 1964
Woodley and Moore, 1966
Written communication Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
— and oral communication FMC Corporation
12
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In-s
1. Bethlehem Steel Corporation
2. Chesterton, Indiana
3. 1964
4. A. 4,304 ft.
B. 2,222 - 4,263 ft.
C. Lau Claire and Mt. Simon Formations - Sandstones - Cambrian age
5. Steel pickling liquor, 6-10% sulfuric acid and 14-18% ferrous sulfate
6. 150 gpm
7. 700 psi
8. Written communication Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
and Indiana Geological Survey
Woodley and Moore, 1966
In-6
1. Midwest Steel Division
National Steel Corporation
2. Portage, Indiana
3. February 1965
4. A. 4,308 ft.
B. 2,100 - 4,259 ft.
C. l au Claire and Mt. Simon - Sandstones - Cambrian age
5. Steel pickling liquor, 6-10% sulfuric acid and 14-18% ferrous sulfate
6. 75 gpm
7. gravity flow
8. Written communication Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
and Indiana Geological Survey
Woodley and Moore, 1966
Fiartman, 1960
In- 7
1. U. S. Steel Corporation
2. Gary, Indiana
3. Well completed 1965 not yet in operation January 1967
4. A. 4,303
B. 2,452 - 4,303 ft.
C. Mt. Simon Sandstone - Sandstone - Cambrian age
5. Steel pickling liquor, 8-37% sulfuric acid, 18-25% ferrous sulfate,
and 2-0% chromic acid
6. 6,500,000 gal/month (15 gpm on a 30 day basis)
7.
8. Written communication, Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board and
Indiana Geological Survey
Woodley and Moore, 1966
13
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In-8
I. (eneral Liectric company
.!. Mt . Ve rnon, Indiaiia
3. 1900
4. A. 2,800
B. 2,700 — 2,800 ft.
C. Bethel Formation - Sandstone - Mississippian age
5. Ui lute aqueous waste containing phenol and hydrochloric
acid from manufacture of plastic.
0. Approximately 40 gpm
7. Up to 225 psi
M. Oral coiruiunication private consultant
In -9
1. Inland Steel company
2. East chicago, Indiana
3. 1907
4. A. ± 4,300 ft.
B. *2,300-4,300 ft.
C. Mt. Simon Formation - Sandstone - Cambrian age
5. Steel pickling liquor averaging 8% IIZSOf and .75% lId
0. Anticipated 120 gpm with a maximiin of 150 gpm
7.
8. Oral conirninication private consultant
lo- 1
1. Quaker Oats Company
2. Cedar Rapids, Iowa
3. 1955 (not in use as of Nov. 19o5)
4. A. 2,525 ft.
B. 2,010 - 2,525 ft.
C. Mt. Simon Sandstone - Sandstone - Cambrian age
5. 1.5 solution of organic acetic acid
0.
7.
8. Written coninunication, Iowa Geological Survey
Ku-i
1. Frontier Chemical Company
2. Wichita, Kansas
3. 1952
14
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Ka-1 (Continued)
4. A. 400 ft.
B. 240 - 322 ft.
C. Geuda salt section of the Wellington Formation - Permian
age
5. Saturated hrines, lime sludge, and waste sodium hydroxide
derived from production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and
related products. Raw material is brine obtained from the
Wellington Formation.
6. 100 - 200 gpm with maximum of about 350 gpm
7. Gravity flow
8. Donaldson, 1964
Written comunication, Kansas State Dopt. of Health
Ka- 2
1. Frontier themical company
2. Wichita, Kansas
3. May 1961 (the original well, completed in 1956, was lost in
1961 when the well casing corroded through and collapsed in
the well)
4. A. 4,125 ft.
B. 3,927 - 4,125 ft. (perforated 3,990 - 4,115 ft.)
C, Arbuckle Limestone - Limestone - Ordovician age
5. Unsaturated Ca and Mg brine solutions, impure bromine, chlor-
inated organics, and hydrochloric acid. The p11 ranges from
1 to 9 during short periods. The waste is derived from pro-
duction of chlorine, sodium chloride, and related products
from brines in the Wellington Formation.
6. 200 - 400 gpm
7. Gravity flow
8. Donaldson, 1964
Written coninunication, Kansas State Board of Health
L- 1
1. Universal Oil Products
2. Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Sec. 29 T19N-RJ5IV
3. 1952
4. A. 2,262 ft.
B. 987 and 1,998 (formation tops)
C. Nacatoch and Blossom Sands - Tertiary age
5. Waste water containing sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride,
sulfate, and organic chemicals.
6. 500 gpm into 4 wells (L1-L4)
7.
8. Written coniminication, Louisiana Geological Survey
15
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L- 2
1. Universal Oil Products
2. Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Sec. 29 T19N-R15W
3. 1957
4. A. *2,100 ft.
B. About the same as LI
C. Nacatoch and Blossom Sands - Tertiary age
S. Waste water containing sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride,
sulfate, and organic chemicals.
6. 500 gpm into 4 wells (Ll-L4)
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L- 3
1. Universal Oil Products
2. Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Sec. 29 T19N-R]5W
3. 1961
4. A. 1,102 ft.
8. 984 ft. (top)
C. Nacatoch Sand - Tertiary age
5. Waste water containing sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride,
sulfate, and organic chemicals.
6. 500 gpin into 4 wells (L1-L4)
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L-4
1. Universal Oil Products
2. Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Sec. 29 TI9N-R15W
3. 1967
4. A. ± 1,100 ft.
B. 975 ft.
C. Nacatoch Sand - Tertiary age
5. Waste water containing sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride,
sulfate, and organic chemicals.
0. 500 gpm into 4 wells (Ll-L4)
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
16
-------
1_s
1. Shell Chemical Company, Norco Plant
2. Norco, Louisiana, St. Charles Parish
3. 1956
4. A. 1,960 ft.
B. 1,670 - 1,960 ft.
C. Unconsolidated sand reported to he of Pleistocene age
5. Originally waste water containing calcium and sodium chlorides,
dissolved organics, and suspended silica and calcium carbonate
particles, with small amounts of chlorinated organics was
injected intermittently. Most recently reported to be
injecting waste water containing acrolein and derivatives
of acrolein, toxic organic chemicals, diatomaccous earth,
and aluminum hydroxide.
6. Up to 600 gpm before construction of L-6
7. 210 psi at 600 gpni
8. Moffett, 19b()
1)onaldson, 1964
Ilough, 1963
1 lough, 1965
L-ö
1. Shell Chemical Company, Norco Plant
2. Norco, Louisiana, L-5 and L-6 are only 30 ft. apart at the
surface and 300 ft. apart at the bottom
3. 1959
4. A. ± 1,800 ft.
B. 1,670 - 1,800 ft.
C. Unconsolidated sand reported to be of Pleistocene age
5. Waste water containing acrolein and derivatives of acrolein,
toxic organic chemicals, diatomaceous earth, and aluminum
hydroxide.
6. 700 gpm into 2 wells (L-l and L-2)
7. 150 - 170 psi
8. Moffctt, 1960
I na1dson, 1964
llough, 1963
Ilough, 1965
L- 7
1. Shell Chemical Company, Norco Plant
2. Norco, Louisiana
3. 1966
4. A. 2,100 ft.
B. 1,700 ft. (top)
C. Sand - probably of Pliocene age
5. Similar to L-6
6.
7.
8. Written coniuunication Louisiana Geological Survey
17
-------
L- 8
1. Shell Chemical Company, Norco Plant
2. Norco, Louisiana
Sec. 4 T12S-R8E
3. Not yet in operation
4. A. 2,000 ft.
B. Not available
C. Sand - probably of Pliocene age
5. 30% HC1 solution
6. Estimated to be about 30 gpm
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L-9
1. Shell Oil Company, Norco Refinery
2. Norco, Louisiana
3. 1959
4. A. 1,795 ft.
13. 1,700 - 1,900 ft.
C. Unconsolidated sand reported to be of Pleistocene age
5. Refinery process water with 1,790 ppm sulfides, 165 ppm
phenols, 38 ppm mercaptans, and 20 ppm suspended solids
6. 200 gpm
7. 30-90 psi
8. Graves, 1961
Donaldson, 1964
Hough, 1963, 1965
L- 10
1. Shell Oil Company
2. Norco, Louisiana
Sec. U T12S-R8U
3. 1965
4. A. 1,954 ft.
B. 1,848 ft. (top)
C. Sand - probably of Pliocene age
5. Waste water containing sulfides, phenol, oil, and suspended
solids
6. 187 gpn average
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
18
-------
L- 11
1. Shell Oil Company
2 Norco, Louisiana
Sec. 6 T12S-R8E
3. l9 5
4. A. 1,997 ft.
B. 1,858 ft. (top)
C. Sand - probably of Pliocene age
5. I astc water containing sulfides, phenol, oil, and suspended
solids
6. 110 gpm average
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L- 12
1. Shell Chemical Company, Geismar Chemical Plant
2. Geismar, Louisiana, Ascension Parish
Sec. 14 T1OS-R2L
3. 1966
4. A. 1,980 ft.
B. 1,970 - 1,975 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Pliocene or Miocene) age
5. 50 gpm of hydrochloric acid solution from plant operations
0.
7.
8. ltough, 1965
Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L- 13
1. Shell Chemical Company, Geismar Chemical Plant
2. Geismar, Louisiana
Sec. 14 T1OS-R2E
3. 1907
4. A. 2,506 ft.
B. 1,550 ft.
C. Sand - probably of Pliocene age
5. Waste water
6.
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
19
-------
L- 14
1. Tenneco Oil Company, Chalmette Refinery
2. Chalmette, Louisiana, St. Bernard Parish
Sec. 7 T13S-R12E
3. 1960
4. A. 1,980 ft.
B. 1,944 - 1,968 ft.
C. Unconsolidated Sand reported to be of Pleistocene age
5. Waste from catalytic cracker containing phenols, mercaptans,
and sulfides, and brine from crude-oil desalting unit.
6. 100 gpm
7. 40-100 psi
8. Donaldson, 1964
llough, 1965
L- 15
1. Tenneco Oil Company, thalniette Refinery
2. Chalmette, Louisiana, St. Bernard Parish
Sec. 7 T13S-R12E
3. 1963
4. A. 2,000 ft.
B. 1,920 - 1,950 ft.
C. Sand of Pleistocene or Pliocene age
5. 7 gpm of waste water from petroleum refining processes con-
taining traces of phenol, hydrocarbons, and sulfides, pH 7.4.
6. 7gpm(?)
7.
8. Hough, 1965
Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L- 16
1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2. New Orleans, Louisiana, Orleans Parish
3. 1964
4. A. About 7,000 ft.
B. About 6,000 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Miocene) age
5. Waste cleaning solutions and rinse water including acids,
alkalis, and chromates from cleaning of rocket components.
6. 400,000 gpd (278 gpm)
7. 1,350 psi maximum
8. Chemical Week, 1965
Hough, 1965
20
-------
L- 17
1. Texaco, Inc., Louisiana Plant (refinery)
2. Convent, Louisiana, St. James Parish
Sec. 12 T11S-R3E
3. 19b6
4. A. 2,201 ft.
B. 1,840 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Pliocene or Miocene) age
5. 600 to 80() gpm of salt water from crude oil desalting and
waste water from petroleum refining operations. Waste con-
tains about 600 ppm dissolved solids, 70 ppm phenols, sulfides,
and 10 ppm suspended solids and has a pH of b-S.
6. bOO to 800 gpm into two wells
7.
8. Hough, 1965
Written conmiunications, Louisiana Geological Survey and
project consultant.
L- 18
1. Texaco, Inc., Louisiana Plant
2. Convent, Louisiana, st. James Parish
3. 1966
4. A. 2,195 ft.
B. 2,103 - 2,193 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Pliocene or Miocene) age
5. 600 to 800 gpm of salt water from crude oil desalting and
waste water from petroleum refining operations. Waste con-
tains about 6,000 ppm dissolved solids, 70 ppm phenols,
sulfides, and 10 ppm suspended solids and has a p11 of 6-8.
6. 600-800 gpni into two wells
7.
8. Ilough, 1965
Written communications, Louisiana Geological Survey and project
consultant.
L- 19
1. American Cyanamid Company (chemical plant)
2. Avondale, Louisiana, Jefferson Parish
3. March 1966
4. A. 2,721 ft.
B. 2,465 - 2,495 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Pliocene) age
5. 20 gpm waste water containing cyanides, sulfates, ammonia,
and nitriles
6. 225 gpm into L-20 and L-21
7.
8. Ilough, 1965
Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
21
-------
L- 20
1. American Cyanamid Company
2. Avondale, Louisiana, Jefferson Parish
3. March 19b6
4. A. 3,302 ft.
B. 3,145 - 3,200 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Pliocene) age
5. 20 gpm waste water containing cyanides, sulfates, ammonia,
and nitriles
6. 225 gpm into L-20 and L-21
7.
8. Hough, 1965
Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L- 21
1. E. 1. DuPont de Nemours and Company
2. Ponchatrain, Louisiana, St. John The Baptist Parish
Sec. 90 T11S-R7E
3. 1966
4. A. 5,203 ft.
B. 5,080 - 5,162 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary age
5. Brine solution
6. 30,000 pounds/hr. (about 60 gpm)
7. 130 psi
8. Oral communication, Louisiana Division of Oil and Gas
L- 22
1. E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
2. Ponchatrain , Louisiana, St. John The Baptist Parish
Sec. 90 T11S-R7E
3. 1966
.4 A + flA C .
‘t. t o J UU IL ..
B. 5,050 - 5,090 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary age
5. Brine solution
6. 140,000 pounds/hr.- (about 280 gpm)
7. 225 psi
8. Oral communication, Louisiana Division of Oil and Gas
22
-------
I -23
1. L. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
2. Ponchatrain, Louisiana, St. John The Baptist Parish
Sec. 90 TI1S-R7E
3. Not yet in operation as of August 1967
4. A. 5,300 ft.
B. 4,b33 - 4,()68 ft. and 5,080 - 5,090 ft.
C. Sands of Miocene age
5. Brine solution
b. 200 gpm
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
L- 24
1. Perkins Glue Company
2. Alexandria, Louisiana
Sec. 41 T3N-R1W
3. Not yet in operation as of August 1967
4. A. ± 3,000 ft.
B. ± 3,000 ft.
C. Cockficld Formation - Sand - Tertiary age
5. Caustic soda and phenol
6.
7.
8. Written communication, Louisiana Geological Survey
Mc-1
1. Old Dutch Refining Company
2. Muskegon, Michigan
Sec. 2h T ION-R1bW
3. September 1948
4. A. 2,346 ft.
B. 1,758 ft.
C. Dundee Formation and Detroit River Group - Limestone and
Dolomite - [ )evonian age
5. Oil refinery effluent
6. 60-65 gpm est.
7. None recorded
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission and
Michigan Geological Survey
Note: Well was plugged and abandoned April 12, 1951. No reasons
were given.
23
-------
Mc- 2
1. Parke, Davis and Company
2. Holland, Michigan
Sec. 20 T5N-R15W
3. May 1951
4. A. 1,635 ft.
B. 1,424 ft.
C. Traverse Group - Limestone and Dolomite - Devonian age
5. Sodium, acetate, chloride, ammonia, bromide, and unidentified
organic compounds. Total dissolved solids 60,000 ppm; pH 3.7;
intense reddish-brown color. Waste derived from manufacture
of chioromycetin.
6. 1,252,056 gal. per month during 1966 pumped to two wells
(about 30 gpm on a 30-day basis)
7. 200-400 psi, average about 280 psi
8. Adinoff, 1955
Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
and Michigan Geological Survey
Note: This well is connected in series with another well (Mc-3).
Waste fluids are punp d simultaneously to both wells. Records
of quantities and pressures are for this combined system and
not each well individually,
Mc-3
1. Parke, Davis and Company
2. Holland, Michigan
Sec. 20 T5N-R15W
3. October 1956
4. A. 1,946 ft.
B. 1,649 ft.
C. Detroit River Group - Dolomite and Limestone - Devonian age
5. Pharmaceutical process wastes
6. 1,252,056 gal. per month during 1966 pumped to two wells
(about 30 gpm on a 30-day basis)
7. 200-400 psi, average about 280 psi
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
and Michigan Geological Survey
Note: This well was reported injecting in Traverse Group and
Dundee Formation; however, there is no record of this.
Records indicate the long string of casing was set at
1,649 feet. If the upper zones are open, the Company
must have perforated them at a later date.
24
-------
Mc- 4
1. Hooker E.lectrochcmical Company
2. Montague, Michigan
Sec. 30 T12N—RI7W
3. April 1953
4. A. 2,Oöb ft.
8. 1,703 ft.
C. Traverse Group - Limestone - Devonian age
5. Sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, and calcium sulfate
. No record
7. No record
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Comission
and Michigan Geological Survey
Note: Reported November l9 5 that their wells (Mc-4 and Mc-5)
had lugged with calcium sulfate. They may have reworked
one or both of these wells hut the records do not indicate
this.
Mc -5
1. Hooker Llectrochemical Company
2. Montague, Michigan
Sec. 31 T12N-RI7W
3. May E)5U
4. A. 2,033 ft.
B. l,9b2—72 1,99o-2,068 ft.
C. Traverse Group - Limestone - Devonian age
5. Sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and calcium sulfate
t. No record
7. No record
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
and Michigan Geological Survey
Mc -6
1. Reichhold (2icmicals, Inc.
2. Ferndale, Michigan
Sec. 27 TiN-RilE
3. 1952 or 1953
4. A. 1,053 ft.
B. 693 ft.
C. Sylvania Formation - Dolomite and Sandstone - Devonian age
5. Phenols
b. 3-1/2 gpm when in operation
7. 35 psi or less when in operation
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
and Michigan Geological Survey
25
-------
Mc-6 (Continued)
Note: Well accepted 1,764 gpm at 125 psi during testing. This
well was plugged and abandoned in November 1957 with no
reason given.
Mc- 7
1. The Upjohn Company
2. Kalamazoo, Michigan
3, May 1954
4. A. 1,530 ft.
B. 1,270 - 1,530 ft.
C. Traverse, Dundee, and Detroit River Groups - Sandy
Limestone, ndstone, and dolomite - Devonian age
5. Spent mineral acids and their salts, alcohols, chlorinated
and unchiorinated hydrocarbons, organic acids, aldehydes,
ketones, and steroids. Total dissolved solids 500-7,000 ppm;
p11 2.0-8,0, but reported to be constantly at 4.0-4.5 as of
19b2. Waste derived from manufacture of cortical steroid
products.
60 50-100 gpm injected into two wells (Mc-7 and Mc-8)
7. 500-990 psi
8, Paradiso, 1956
Donaldson, 1964
Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Mc-8
1. The Upjohn Company
2. Kalamazoo, Michigan
3. May 1954
4. A. 1,475 ft.
B. 1,276 - 1,475 ft.
C. Traverse, Dundee, and Detroit River Groups - Sandy limestone,
Sandstone, and L)olomite - Lbvonian age
5. Spent mineral acids and their salts, alcohols, chlorinated and
unchiorinated hydrocarbons, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones,
and steroids. Total dissolved solids 500-7,000 ppm; pH 2.0-
8.0, but reported to be constantly at 4.0-4.5 as of 1962. Waste
derived from manufacture of cortical steroid products.
6. 50-100 gpm injected into two wells (Mc-7 and Mc-8)
7. 500-990 psi
8. Paradiso, 1956
Donaldson, 1964
Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
26
-------
1. 1)ow Chemical Company, Bay Refining Company 1)ivision
2. Bay City, Michigan
3. 1954
4. A. 4,710 ft.
B. 4,026 ft.
C. Lower Detroit River ( roup - Sandy limestone and Sandstone -
Devonlan age
5. Waste water containing phenol, acid, and spent caustic.
6. About 45 gpm
7. 1,200 psi and greater
8. Written comunication, Michigan Water Resources commission
Mc-1()
1. Dew Chemical Company, Bay Refining Company Division
2. Bay City, Michigan
3. September 1959
4. A. 4,605 ft.
B. 4,497 ft.
C. Sylvania Formation - Sandstone - Devonian age
5. Waste water containing phenol, acid, and spent caustic.
6. About 45 gpm when operating
7. Estimated to be 1,200 psi when operating
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
and Michigan Geological Survey
Note: Well Mc-10 is being used as a standby for well Mc-9.
Mc- 11
1. Dow Chemical Company
2. Midland, Michigan
3. April 1960 (drilled May 1952)
4. A. 3,740 ft.
B. 3,580 ft.
C. I)indec Formation - Limestone - Devonian age
5. Organic wastes similar to phenol, brine, propylene oxide,
methyl cellulose, and wash water containing small amounts
of organic chemicals. Wastes are from oil refining and
salt-mining operations.
6. No record
7. No record
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Donaldson, 1964
Note: This well is being used as a standby for wells Mc-12 and Mc-13.
27
-------
Mc - 12
1 • Dow Chemical Company
2. Midland 9 Michigan
3. July 1960 (drilled 1945)
4. A.
B. 3,865 ft.
C. Dundee Formation - Limestone - Devonian age
5. Organic wastes similar to phenol, brine, propylene oxide,
methyl cellulose, and wash water containing small amounts
of organic chemicals. Wastes are from oil refining and
salt mining operations.
6. Approximately 200 gpm
7. 140 - 585 psi
8. Written conununication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Donaldson, 1964
Mc- 13
1. Dow Chemical Company
2. Midland, Michigan
3. July 1961 (drilled 1951)
4. A. 5,150 ft.
B. 4,925 ft.
C. Sylvania Formation - Sandstone - Devonian age
5. Organic wastes similar to phenol, brine, propylene oxide,
methyl cellulose, and wash water containing small amounts
of organic chemicals. Wastes are from oil refining and
salt mining operations.
6. Approximately 200 gpm
7. 350 - 965 psi
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Donaldson, 1964
Mc- 14
1. Dow Chemical Company
2. Midland, Michigan
3. June 1964
4. A. 3,930 ft.
B. 3,915 ft.
C. Dundee Formation - Limestone - Devonian age
5. Activated sludge produced as a by-product of waste treatment
(3% organic solids).
6. Approximately 60 gpni
7. 1,725 - 2,850 psi
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
28
-------
Mc -15
1. Ford Motor Company
2. Dearborn, Michigan
3. 1956
4. A. 563 ft.
B. 482 ft.
C. Sylvania Formation - Sandstone - I)evonian age
5. Phenols and coke quench water from coke manufacture
6. Approximately 50,000 gpd (35 gpm)
7. 54 - (,63 psi
8. [ naldson, 1964
Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Mc-lO
1. Leonard Refineries, Inc.
2. Alma, Michigan
3. June 1957
4. A. 1,244 ft.
B. 1,030 ft.
C. Marshall Formation - Sandstone - Mississippian age
5. Foul condensate and spent caustic solution from refinery
operations.
6. 25-30 gpm
7. 550 - 940 pSi
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Mc-17
1. Ilolland-Suco Color Company, subsidiary of Chemetron Corporation
2. I o11and, Michigan
3. 1966
4. A. 5,895 ft.
B. 4,608 - 5,895 ft.
C. Franconia, Dresbach, Eau Claire, and Mt. Simon Formations -
Sandstones - Cambrian age
S. Contaminated dilute sulfuric acid from pigment nianufacturing
6. 25 gpm average - up to 120 gpm
7. 125 psi average - up to 275 psi
8. Winar, 1966
Civil Engineering, 1966
Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
29
-------
Mc- 18
1. Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation
2. Wyandotte, Michigan
3. October 1966
4. A. 1,400 ft. estimated
13. 850 ft.
C. Sauna Group - Evaporites - Silurian age
5. Process wastes containing 3% solids
b. 375 - 1,075 gpm into two wells
7. Gravity
8. Written couununication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Note: This well is connected in series with another well (Mc-19).
Waste fluids are pinnped simultaneously to both wells.
Records of quantities are for this combined system and
not each well individually. Wastes are injected into
salt solution cavities.
Mc-19
1. Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation
2. Wyandotte, Michigan
Sec. 23 T12N-R2W
3. October 1966
4. A. 1,400 ft. est,
B. 850 ft.
C. Sauna Group - Evaporites - Silurian age
5. Process wastes containing 3% solids
6. 375 - 1,075 gpm into two wells
7. Gravity
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
Mc-20
1. Blunk Laundromat
2. Union Lake, Michigan
Sec. 35 T3N-R8E
3. March 1967
4. A. 1,840 ft.
B. 1,774 ft.
C. Sylvania Fo ation - Sandstone - I)evonian age
5. Laundromat wastes
6. Estimated 5-1/2 gpm
7. Gravity
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
30
-------
Mc-2 1
1. Michigan Chemical Corporation
2. St. Louis, Michigan
3. May 19ö7
4. A. 3,7b2 ft.
B. 3,422 ft.
C. Dundee Formation - Dolomite and Limestone - Devonian age
5. Waste brincs from processing of natural brine.
6. 200 gpin
7. Gravity
8. Written communication, Michigan Water Resources Commission
and Michigan Geological Survey
Mn-i
1. The Anaconda Company
2. Grants, New Mexico
3. December 1960
4. A. 2,511 ft.
B. 950 - 1,450 ft. (approximately)
C. Yeso Formation - Sandstone - Permian age
5. Mildly acid solution containing large amounts of manganese,
iron and sulfate and chloride salts of sodium, calcium, and
magnesium. Also contains small concentrations of uranium,
Thorium-230, and Radium-226. Total dissolved solids 16,243
ppm; p112.8; waste from uranium ore proccssing.
6. 200 - 300 gpm
7. Gravity flow
8. Arlin, 1962
Donaldson, 1964
Written coimnunication, New Mexico Department of Public Health
(inquiries may be directed to New Mexico Department of Public Health)
1. Armco Stcel Corporation
2. Middlctown, Ohio
3. Probably will not he put in operation until late 1968.
4. A. 3,297 ft.
B. 2,922 - 3,235 ft.
C. Mt. Simon Formation - Sandstone - Cambrian age
5. Steel pickling liquor maximum concentrations of 1% lId,
25% Fed 2 , and 1-1/2% FcCI 3 .
6. Lstimated 100 gpm
7. Estimated 450 psi
8. Oral communication, Armco Steel and project consultants
31
-------
Ok-i
1. American Airlines, inc.
2. Tulsa, Oklahoma
3. January 1960
4. A. 3,036 ft.
B. 1,807 - 3,036 ft.
C. Arbuckle - Limestone - Ordovician age
5. Complex mixture of rinse water and batch dumpings from electro-
plating tanks, various organic solvents, cresols and phenols,
detergents, paint removers, and oil. pH range 5.6-9.4. Waste
from maintenance of aircraft.
6. 196,000 gpd during an 11 hour period (300 gpm while operating)
7. 300 psi
8. Luff, 1960
Denaldson, 19ö4
Written communication, Oklahoma State Department of health
p-i
1. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation
2. Aliquippa, Pennsylvania
3. October 1964
4. A. 5,445 ft.
B. 5,387 - 5,445 ft.
C. Oriskany Formation - Sandstone - Devonian age
5. Sulfuric acid waste from steel pickling operations (10%
H 2 S0 4 and 10% FCSO4)
6. 100 gpm
7. About 4,000 psi
8. Jukkola and Vajada, 1965
Written communication, Pennsylvania Department of health
P- 2
1. Hammermill Paper Company
2. Erie, Pennsylvania
3. April 19b4
4. A. 2,302 ft.
B. 1,610 - 1,688 ft.
C. Bass Islands Dolomite - Lb lomite - Silurian age
5. Spent sulfite pulping liquor containing fibers, fiber fragments,
paper filter materials such as clay and Ti02, and lignin-like
compounds in the colloidal and semi-colloidal particle-size
range.
6. 500,000 to b00,000 gpd into two wells (350 to 415 gpm) as
of 1967
7. 1,100 - 1,300 psi
32
-------
P-2 (Continued)
8. Spalding and Others, 1965
Brown and Spalding, 1966
Water Well Journal, 1905
Written communication, Pennsylvania Department of Health
P- 3
1. Hammei,nill Paper company
2. Eric, Pennsylvania
3. 1905
4. A. 5,972 ft.
B. 1,658 - 1,732 ft. and 5,914 - 5,952 ft.
C. Bass Islands I)olomite - Dolomite - Silurian age; Mt.
Simon Formation - Sandstone - Cambrian age; sheared
or fractured Precambrian basement rocks.
5. Spent sulfite pulping liquor containing fibers, fiber fragments,
paper filler materials such as clay and hO 2 , and lignin-likc
compounds in the colloidal and semi-colloidal particle-size
range.
6. 500,000 to 600,000 gpd into two wells (350-415 gpm) as of 1967
7.
8. Spalding and Others, 1905
Brown and Spalding, 1906
Water Well Journal, 1965
Written conununication, Pennsylvania Department of Health
p- 4
1. Gulf Research and Development Company
2. Colerain Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania
6 miles south of Bedford, Pennsylvania
3. November 1964
4. A. 563 ft.
B. 540 - 563 ft.
C. Bellefonte !. lomitc - Dolomite - Ordovician age
5. Drilling mud produced for field experiments with oil-well
drilling muds.
0. Used only periodically, 0 - 22,000 gpd
7. 1,000 - 1,300 psi
8. Written communication, Pennsylvania Department of Health
1 - 5
1. Bethlehem Steel Company
2. Franklin Boro, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
northeast of Johnston, Pennsylvania
3. Reports indicate that this well was abandoned after initial
injection testing in 1966.
33
-------
P-S (Continued)
4. A.
B. 570 - 835 ft.
C. Burgoon Sandstone (Pocono Formation ) - Sandstone -
Mississippian age
5. Weak ammonia liquor
6. - - -
7.
8. Written communication, Pennsylvania Department of Health
Tn-i
1. 13. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company Pigments Department
2. New Johnsonville, Tennessee
3. 1967
4. A. 6,734 ft.
B. 3,010 - 6,734 ft.
C. Knox Dolomite - Cambrian age
5. 13 - 15% aqueous ferric chloride solution. Specific gravity
1.1 pH 1.5-1.6.
6. 300 gpm anticipated
7. 250 psi anticipated
8. E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
Tx-i and Tx 2*
1. Monsanto Chemical Company
2. chocolate Bayou (10 miles south of Alvin, Texas)
3. 1961
4. A. 6,330 ft.
B. 6,045 - 6,294 ft.
C. Unconsolidated sands of Miocene age
5. Phenol 1,000 - 2,000 mg/i
Oil 150 mg/i
chlorides 300 mg/i
Sulfates 1,800 mg/i
Total alkalinity (as CacO 3 ) 2,000 mg/l
COD 10,000 mg/l
pH 10.7
High-level waste from manufacture of ethylene, propylene,
benzene, napthalene, butadiene, phenol, acrylonitriie, soft
detergent bases, resins, and other related aromatics.
b. 300 gpm
7. 1,000 psi
*Second well drilled as a source of brine to mix with waste.
Could be converted to an injection well.
34
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Tx-i and Tx-2 (Continued)
8. Sado, 1963, 1966
Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx -3
1. Potash Company of America
2. 5 miles north of Iknnas, Moore County, Texas
3. 1962
4. A. 1,265 ft.
B. 1,131 - 1,23] ft.
C. Glorietta Formation - Sandstone - Permian age
5. 31% waste hydrochloric acid from conversion of potassium
chloride to potassium sulfate
6. Injection is intermittent with an anticipated maximum of
20,000 gpd (14 gpm)
7. Gravity injection
8. Donaldson, 1964
Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx- 4
1. Shamrock Oil and (“as Corporation, McKee Plant
2. Near Dumas, Moore County, Texas
3. 1958
4. A. ± 1,350 ft.
B. 1,300 - 1,350 ft.
C. Glorietta Formation - Sandstone - Permian age
5. Entire waste strean from petroleum refining operation including
spent sulfuric acid from alkylation unit, spent caustic and
brines from caustic scrubbers, cooling-tower blowdown water, etc.
0. 400 gpm (into two wells)
7. Upto7Opsi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Donaldson, 1964
Tx- 5
1. Shamrock Oil and Gas Corporation, McKee Plant
2. Near E)umas, Moore County, Texas
3. 1958
4. A. t 1,250 ft.
B. 1,106 - 1,146 ft.
C. Glorietta Formation - Sandstone - Permian age
5. Entire waste stream from petroleum refining operations
including spent sulfuric acid from alkylation unit, spent
caustic and brines from caustic scrubbers, cooling-tower
hiowdown water, etc.
35
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Tx-S (Continued)
1.
2.
3.
4.
6. 400 gpm (into two wells)
7. Up to 7Opsi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Donaldson, 1964
Tx-6
Shamrock Oil and Gas Corporation, Sunray Plant
Near flumas, Moore County, ‘lexas
± 1,250 ft.
B. 1,138 - 1,158 ft.
C. Glorietta Formation - Sandstone - Penmian age
5. Gasoline plant waste including cooling-tower blowdown
water and stripping stream condensate which contains
varying amounts of chromates, sulfates, sulfides, and oil.
O. 50-70 gpm
7. 55-100 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Donaldson, 1964
Tx- 7
1. E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Victoria Plant
2. 4 miles northwest of Bloomington, Victoria County, Texas
3. 1953
4. A. 4,877 ft.
B. 4,000 - 4,680 ft.
C. Lower Catahoula and Greta sands - Tertiary age - with
upper Catahoula and Oakville sands for possible future use.
5. 18% sodium chloride with traces of metallic salts and organic
compounds. Waste derived from manufacture of adiponitrile -
an intermediate for nylon.
6. 100-200 gpm (wells Tx-7 and Tx-8 used alternately)
7. 50-200 psi
8. Henkel, 1953, 1955
Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx-8
1. 1.. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
2. 4 miles northwest of Bloomington, Victoria County, Texas
3. 1954
4. A. 4,705 ft.
B. 4,000 - 4,630 ft.
C, Lower Catahoula and Greta sands - Tertiary age - with
upper Catahoula and Oakville sands for possible future use.
36
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Tx-8 (Continued)
5. 18% sodium chloride with traces of metallic salts and organic
compounds. Waste derived from manufacture of adiponitrile -
an intermediate for nylon.
6. 100-200 gpm (wells Tx-7 and Tx-8 used alternately)
7. 50-200 psi
8. llenkel, 1953, 1955
Writtcn communication, Texas Water Development Board
ix -9
1. L. 1. IkiPont de Nemours and Company, Victoria Plant
2. 4 miles northwest of Bloomington, Victoria County, Texas
lx-9 is located midway between Tx-7 and Tx-8 and is generally
similar to these wells.
Tx -10
1. 1. I. ftiPont de Nemours and Company, Victoria Plant
2. 4 miles northwest of Bloomington, Victoria County, Texas
3. December 19b3
Tx-lO is located near Tx-8 and is generally similar to Tx-7,
Tx-8, and Tx-9.
b. 120 gpm average
7. 200 psi average
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx -1]
1. Northern Natural Gas Company
2. 8 miles SE of Spearman, Ochiltrce county, Texas
3. January 1964
4. A. 4,057 ft.
B. 3,722 - 4,016 ft.
C. Brown Eblomite
5. Waste from natural gas compressor and purification plant
Chloride (as Cl 2 ) 3,040 ppm
Total hardness (as CaCO3) 1,089 ppm
Total dissolved solids 12,804 ppm
p11 7.9
6. 4-7 gpm
7. Gravity flow
8. Written comunication, Texas Water Development Board
37
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Dc-12
1. Pan American Petroleum Corporation, West Yantis Plant (gas)
2. 4-1/2 miles northwest of Yantis, Wood County, Texas
3. 1963
4. A. 5,231 ft.
B. 4,775 - 5,160 ft.
C. Woodbine Group - Sandstone - Cretaceous age
5. Cooling-tower blowdown water, plant process waste water,
produced brine separated from natural gas.
6. 2-160 gpm,average 100 gpm
7. Gravity to 390 psi, average 145 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx- 13
1. Western M!nonia Corporation
2. 2 miles southeast of Dimmitt, Castro County, Texas
3. August 1964
4. A. 1,048 ft.
8. 951 - 980 ft.
C. Santa Rosa Sandstone - Sandstone - Triassic age
5. Cooling-tower blowdown and water treating plant waste from
production of anhydrous ammonia.
Total dissolved solids 2,300 - 2,700 ppm
Chloride 40 - 60 ppm
Sulfate 800 - 1,500 ppm
Sodium 280 - 400 ppm
Nitrogen (as ammonia) 20 - 46 ppm
Chromium 10 - 20 ppm
pH 3.0
6. 30-5ogpm
7. Initially gravity injection, as of April 1965 average injection
pressure about 270 psi.
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Dc-14
1. Celanese Chemical Company
2. 7.5 miles southwest of Bay City, Matagorda County, Texas
3. 1964
4. A. 3,780 ft.
B. 3,507 - 3,552 ft.
C. Sand of Tertiary (Miocene) age
5. 0.3% acetic acid and chlorinated derivatives from production
of acetaldehyde, butanol, and other organic acids by catalytic
cracking of natural gas.
6. 200 gpm
7. 200 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Klotzman and Vier, 1966
38
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‘lx-15
1. Atlantic Refining Company, ATRECO Refinery
2. 6 miles northeast of Port Arthur, Jefferson County, Texas
3. December 1964 (not in use as of January 1967)
4. A. 3,412 ft.
13. 2,758 - 2,834 ft.
C. Sands of Miocene age
5. 32% hydrochloric acid solution containing benzene, chlori-
nated hydrocarbons, etc. Waste generated during production
of detergents. Total waste production estimated to initially
be 35,000 gpcl increasing to a maximum of 53,000 gpd and
remaining at this level.
6. Injection rate about 35 gpm in December 1964
7. Gravity flow
8. Written ccmnTiunication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx -16
1. Pan 4jnerican Petroleum Corporation, Edgewood Gas Processing Plant
2. 3 miles east of Ldgewood, Van Zandt County, Texas
3. 1964
4. A. 4,862 ft.
B. 4,652 - 4,828 ft.
C. Woodbine Group - Sandstone - Cretaceous age
5. Cooling-tower and boiler blowdown water, process waste water
and produced salt water separated from natural gas.
6. 25 - 205 gpm, average 130 gpm
7. 50 - 300 psi during 1965 and 1966
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx-17 and Tx-l8
1. Service Pipe Line company
2. 6 miles southeast of Sundown, Hockley county, Texas
3. 1964
4. A. ± 2,150 ft.
B. 1,700 - 2,150 ft.
C. Santa Rosa Sandstone - Sandstone - Triassic age
5. Saturated brine created during “washing-out” of a cavity in
the salt interval of the Salado Formation for underground
liquid-petroleum-gas storage. Wells will only be used actively
during washing out period, then will he used for emergencies
or during creation of new activities.
0. Up to 680 gpm for two wells
7. Up to 735 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
39
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Tx- 19
1 • E • I. D&ont de Neinours and Company, Sabine River Works
2. 2 miles south-southeast of West Orange, Orange County,
Texas
3. 1965 (presently a standby well replaced in 1966 by Tx-32)
4. A. 5,252 ft.
B. 2,240 - 2,920 ft.
C. Sands of Pliocene - Miocene age
5. Waste water containing 0.7% nitric acid and 1.0% straight
chain organic acids. Waste from production of polyethylene
and related products.
6. 375 gpm
7. 350 psi
8. Written coimnunication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx- 20
1. Monsanto Company
2. Near Alvin, Brazoria County, Texas
3. May 1965
4. A. 12,750 ft. (abandoned oil test completed as a waste
injection well)
B. 6,256 - 6,936 ft.
C. Tertiary (Miocene) sands
5. Highly mineralized waste water from petrochemical manufacture
containing significant amounts of organic nitrogen, nitriles,
and other soluble organic chemicals. Weak radioactive waste
added in 1966.
6. 600 gpm
7. 450 psi
8. Oral communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx- 21
1. Celanese chemical Company, Bay City Plant
2. 7.5 miles southwest of Bay City, Matagorda County, Texas
(see Tx-14)
3. March 1965
4. A. 3,750
B. 3,520 - 3,550 ft.
C. Sands of Tertiary (Miocene) age
5. Up to 200 gpm of liquid waste containing organic and inorganic
chemicals. Waste derived fr an manufacture of acetaldehyde,
adipic acid, butanol and other petrochemicals.
6. 150 gpm
7. 190 psi
8. Written ccimnunication, Texas Water Development Board
40
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I A
1. Mobil Oil company
2. Coyanosa area northwest of Fort Stockton, Pecos County,
Tcxas
3. 1966
4. A. about 6,250 ft.
B. about 5,192 - 6,230 ft.
C. Delaware Mountain Group - Sandstones - Permian age
5. About 8,400 gpd of produced brine, boiler blowdown, water-
softener regenerator blowdown, and a mine regenerator blowdown
and waste chemicals from gas treating plant. Waste flow
rate will eventually be 21,000-42,000 gpd.
6. 84,00() gpd (58 gpm)
7. 650-700 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
T’
1. 1:1 Paso Natural Gas Products Company, Odessa Petrochemical
Complex (includes an olefin plant, a rubber plant, a butadiene
plant, a styrene plant, a polyethylene plant, a chemical
plant, a nylon plant, and an oil refinery).
2. 3 miles south of Odessa, Ector County, Texas
3. November 1965
4. A. 5,802 ft.
8. 4 ,900 - 5,800 ft.
C. San Andreas Limestone - Limestone - Permian age
5. Up to 1,600,000 gpd (1,100 gpm) cooling-tower and boiler
blowdown water, process waste water, washdown water, and rinse
and regeneration water from ion exchange units.
Chloride 3,000 ppm
Bicarbonate i,ooo ppm
Sodium z,soo ppm
Magnesium 100 ppm
Sulfate 1,300 ppm
Thtal dissolved solids 8,000 ppm
p11 8.5
6. 900 gpm average 1,230 gpm maximum
7. 840 psi average 900 psi maximum
8. Written conmunication, léxas Water Development Board
Tx- 24
1. Gulf Oil corporation, Warren Petroleum Corporation, Como
Gas Treating, Processing, and Sulfur Recovery Plant
2. (omo Oil Field Area, Hopkins County, Texas
3. May 1965
41
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Tx-24 (Continued)
4. A. 5,200 ft.
B. 4,940 - 5440 ft.
C. Woodbine Group - Sandstone - Cretaceous age
5. Cooling-tower and boiler blowdown water, other plant process
waste water, and brine produced from formations other than
the Woodbine.
6. 20-50 gpm
7. 310-797 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx- 25
1. Shell Oil Company, Northwest Ozona Gas Plant
2. 2 miles northwest of Ozona, Crockett County, Texas
3. May 1965
4. A. 1,750 ft.
B. 1,094 - 1,750 ft.
C. San Andres Limestone - Limestone - Permian age
5. Cooling-tower blowdown water, process waste water, and
zeolite regenerating wash water. Combined waste is largely
inorganic salts with traces of hydrocarbons and H 2 S. Total
dissolved solids about 3,000 ppm, pH about 9.
6. 6-8 gpm
7. 300 psi
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx- 26
1. Amarillo Oil Company, Pampa Gasoline Plant
2. 10 miles south of Pampa, Gray County, Texas
3. 1965 (?)
4. A. 1,000 ft.
B. 925 - 1,000 ft.
C. Glorietta Formation - Sandstone - Permian age
5. Near saturated brine solution derived during “washing-out”
an LPG storage cavern in the Clearfork salt interval at a
depth of about 2,000 ft. Total dissolved solids about 270,000
ppm, pH 7.1. Waste production anticipated as 200,000 gpd
(139 gpm) during construction of cavity.
6. Total of less than 700,000 barrels of brine in life of project.
7. Up to 300 psi allowable.
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
42
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•1• -,
1. Shamrock Oil and Gas corporation, McKee Plant Complex
2. Northeast of I)umas, Moore County, Texas (see Tx-4-6)
3. 19ö5
4. A. 1,620 ft.
B. 1,116 - l,23( ft.
C. Glorictta Formation - Sandstone - Permian age
5. Cooling-tower and boiler blowdown water and process waste
water from oil refinery, gasoline plant, and petrochemical
plant.
6. 500 gpm
7. 75 psi
8. Written coulnunication, Texas Water I vclopment Board
Tx-28
1. Mobile chemical Company
2. 5 miles northwest of Port Acres, Jefferson County, Texas
3. 1965
4. A. U,000 ft. (plug set at 5,100 ft.)
B. 4,690 - 5,016 ft.
C. Tertiary sands
5. 104-208 gpm of cooling-tower and boiler blowdown water,
water treatment plant blowdown, steam drain water, contaminated
storm drainage, and spillage from manufacture of terephtalic
acid. Waste includes various organic acids, other hydrocarbons,
and inorganic salts. Total dissolved solids 2,000-3,000 ppm,
p11 3.0-4.0.
U. —
7. 275 psi at 210 gpm during testing
8. Written con1T unication, Texas Water Development Board
Tx-29
.1. Shell Chemical Company
2. Deer Park, Texas
3. 1958
4. A. 7,U50 ft.
B. 7,152 - 7,533 ft.
C. Frio - Sandstone - Tertiary age
5. Waste by-products from manufacture of phenol and waste brine
containing 15°c sodium chloride.
U. 35 gpm
7. Up to 400 psi
8. I naldson, 1964
43
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Tx-30 and Tx-31
1. E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Victoria Plant
(see i’x-7-10)
2. 4 miles northwest of Bloomington, Victoria County, Texas
3. 1967
4. A. About 4,200 ft.
B.
C. Lower Catahoula Sand - Tertiary age
5.
6.t 7. Injection rates and pressure will probably be similar
to Tx-7-l0.
8. Written communication, Texas Water I)evelopment Board
Tx -32
1 • E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
2. 2 miles south-southeast of West Orange, Orange County, Texas
3. 4 4pril 1966
4. A. 5,230 ft.
B. 4,550 - 4,660, 4,710 - 4,735
C. Sands of Pliocene - Miocene age
5. Waste water containing 1.0% nitric acid, 2.3% organic acids,
and 0.01% heavy metal salts.
6. 340 gpm average
7. 195 psi average
8. Written communication, Texas Water Development Board
WVa- 1
1. E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
2. Belle, West Virginia
3. Probably late 1967
4. A. 1,500 ft.
B.
C. Salt sand (Pottsville Group) - Sandstone - Pennsylvanian age
5. Waste containing 15 to 25% NaC1 and CaC].2 and up to 5,000 ppm
soluble organic compounds.
6. Expected to be 80 gpm
7. Expected to be 200 psi
8. Written communication, West Virginia Department of Natural
Resources Division of Water Resources
44
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WVa- 2
1. E. I. I)uPont de Nemours and Company, washington Works
2. Near Parkershurg, West Virginia
3. Not in operation January 1967
4. A. 1,682 plugged back to 1,490
B. 1,334 - 1,448 ft.
C. Salt sand (Pottsville Group) - Sandstone - Pennsylvanian age
5. Waste from teflon manufacture containing to 15% hydrochloric
acid, 100 ppm hydrofluoric acid, 2 to 5% fomic acid, and up
to 10,000 ppm organic chemicals.
6. Lxpectcd to be 100 gpm
7. Expected to he 400 psi
8. Written communication, West Virginia I partmcnt of Natural
Resources, flivision of Water Resources
I. I. [ )uPont de Nemours and Company
45
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