U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
SAND LAKE
BROWN1 COW1Y
sam DAKOTA
EPA REGION VIII
WORKING PAPER No, 623
CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY - CORV ALLIS, OREGON
and
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
'> (..!'.(». 699-440
-------
REPORT
ON
SAND LAKE
BROWN COUNTY
SQUTO DAKOTA
EPA REGION VIII
WORKING PAPER No, 623
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AND THE
SOUTH DAKOTA NATIONAL GUARD
DECEMBER, 1376
-------
1
CONTENTS
Page
Foreward jj
List of South Dakota Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map y
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
I I. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Sumary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings g
V. Literature Reviewed 16
VI. Appendices 17
-------
11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration coninitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [ 3O3(c)], clean lakes [ 314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [ lO6 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
•111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
freshwater lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
AC KNOWL EDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the South Dakota Departments of
Environmental Protection and Game, Fish and Parks for professional
involvement, to the South Dakota National Guard for conducting the
tributary sampling phase of the Survey, and to those wastewater
treatment plant operators who voluntarily provided effluent samples.
Allyn Lockner, Secretary, and Blame Barker and Duane Murphy,
Department of Environmental Quality; Douglas Hansen, Department
of Game, Fish and Parks; and James Hayden, Director, State Lakes
Preservation Comittee provided invaluable lake documentation and
counsel during the Survey, reviewed the preliminary reports, and
provided critiques most useful in the preparation of this Working
Paper series.
Major General Duane L. Corning, the Adjutant General of South
Dakota, and Project Officer Colonel Robert D. Chalberg, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the South Dakota National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
-------
iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Albert Kingsbury
Alvin Lincoln
Angostura Fall River
Brant Lake
Byron Beadle
Clear Marshall
Clear Minnehaha
Cochrane Deuel
Cottonwood Spink
Deerfiel d Pennington
Enemy Swim Day
Herman Lake
John Hamlin
Kampeska Codington
Madison Lake
Mitchell Davidson
Norden Hamlin
East Oakwood Brookings
West Oakwood Brooktngs
Pactola Pennington
Pickerel Day
Poinsett Brookings, Lake
Red Iron South Marshall
Richmond Brown
Roy Marshall
Sand Brown
Sheridan Penni ngton
Stockdale Custer
East Vermillion McCook
Wall Minnehaha
Waubay Day
-------
V
NORTH
DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
Tributary
Inundation
I0
eMi.
i Km.
Map Location
/
(
—
>-
Bi
SAND
LAKE
(Mud
Lake
Reservoir)
(Columbia
Road Reservoir)
SAND LAKE
.3
Columbia
Sampling
Lake Sampling Site
Site
Land Subject to
F
5
4
Scale
-------
SAND LAKE
STORET NO. 4626
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data indicate that Sand Lake, a National Wildlife
Refuge, is eutrophic. It ranked twenty-eighth in overall trophic
quality when the 31 South Dakota lakes sampled in 1974 were com-
pared using a combination of six water quality parameters*. Twenty-
eight of the lakes had less median total phosphorus and median
dissolved orthophosphorus, 12 had less and one had the same median
inorganic nitrogen, 21 had less mean chlorophyll a, and 20 had
greater mean Secchi disc transparency.
Survey limnologists reported heavy growths of emergent and sub-
mergent macrophytes and dense algal blooms during their sampling
visits.
B. Rate—Limiting Nutrient:
The algal assay results indicate that Sand Lake was nitrogen
limited at the time the sample was collected (09/18/74). The
lake data indicate nitrogen limitation at all sampling times.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources--The listed point sources accounted for 14.0%
of the total phosphorus load to Sand Lake during the s mp1ing year.
LaMoure and Oakes, North Dakota, contributed an estimated 4.7%
See Appendix A.
-------
2
and 9.3% of the total, respectively. Jamestown, North Dakota,
located well upstream on the James River, may affect Sand Lake;
however, the nutrient export rates of the river at sampling station
A-2 (see map, page v) indicate little impact (see below).
The present phosphorus loading of 7.07 g/m 2 /yr is over seven
times that proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider and Dillon,
1974) as a eutrophic loading (see page 15). However, Vollenweider’s
model may not be applicable because the mean hydraulic retention
time of Sand Lake is a very short 12 days. Nonetheless, the
existing trophic condition of Sand Lake is evidence of excessive
nutrient loads.
It is not likely that point-source phosphorus control would
result in any significant improvement in the trophic condition
of Sand Lake unless non-point phosphorus contributions to the
James River can also be reduced. Note that the phosphorus export
of the river at station A-2 (15,725 kg) alone provided a loading
over five times the eutrophic loading.
2. Non-point sources--Tributaries and imediate drainage con-
tributed an estimated 76.0% of the total phosphorus load during
the sampling year. The James River contributed 71.8%, Dry Run
contributed an estimated 1.2%, and the ungaged minor tributaries
and ini iediate drainage accounted for an estimated 3.0%.
-------
3
The nutrient export rates of the James River (page 14)
were very similar to those measured at the inlet to James-
town Reservoir (2 kg P and 23 kg N/km 2 /yr) upstream from
the City of Jamestown. The similar export rates indicate
the Jamestown waste treatment facility had little if any
effect on Sand Lake during the sampling year.
Sand Lake is a major Central Flyway migratory waterfowl
refuge, and is primarily utilized by snow and blue geese and
ducks. On the basis of waterfowl-use information provided
by the Refuge Manager (Bair, 1976), the amounts of nutrients
contributed to Sand Lake by migratory waterfowl were esti-
mated (see page 10 for method of calculation).
Collectively, the ducks and geese using the Refuge con-
tributed an estimated 9.8% of the total phosphorus load and
3.9% of the total nitrogen load. These estimates may be some-
what high, however, since the mean phosphorus and nitrogen
concentrations at the outlet were only 7% and 10% higher,
respectively, than at the inlet (see page 14), and part of
the difference is attributable to other non-point sources
(Dry Run, immediate drainage, and precipitation). In any
case, as noted above, the non—point exports of the James River
provide far more nutrients than are needed to maintain the
eutrophic condition of Sand Lake regardless of waterfowl use.
-------
4
II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICSt
A. Lake Morphometrytt:
1. Surface area: 3.10 kilometers 2 .
2. Mean depth: 0.8 meters.
3. Maximum depth: 1.8 meters.
4. Volume: 2.480 x 106 m 3 .
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 12 days.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix C for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name ____________ __________
James River
Dry Run
Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage - _______
Totals
2. Outlet —
James River
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 27.5 centimeters.
2. Mean annual: 48.5 centimeters.
t Table of metric conversions--Appendix B.
ti- Murphey, 1974.
* For limits of accuracy, see Working Paper No. 175, “...Survey Methods,
1 973—1 976”.
** Includes area of lake; outflow adjusted to equal sum of inflows.
*** See Working Paper No. 175.
Drainage
area
9,842.0
129.5
333.6
10,305.1
Mean flow
( m 3 / sec ) *
2.350
0.007
0.007
2.364**
2. 364**
10,308.2**
-------
5
III. LAKE WATER QUALITY S uMMARY
Sand Lake was sampled three times during the open—water season
of 1974 by means of a pontoon—equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from
one or more depths at three stations on the lake (see map, page v).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (near bottom to surface)
sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton identification
and enumeration; and during the last visit, a single 18.9—liter depth-
integrated sample was composited for algal assays. Also each time, a
depth—integrated sample was collected from each of the stations for
chlorophyll a analysis. The maximum depths sampled were near-surface
only at stations 1 and 3 and 0.6 meters at station 2.
The sampling results are presented in full in Appendix 0 and are
summarized in the following table.
-------
A. SUMMARY OF 4YSIC4L AND
[ ST SAMPLING € 4/26/74)
CMEMICAL ClfARACTE ISTICS FO SAND LAKE
STO ET CODE 4626
2ND SAMPLING ( 7/10/74)
3 SITES 3 SITES 3 SITES
3RD SAMPLING C 9/18/74)
PARAMETER
RANGE
MEAN
MEDIAN
RANGE
MEAN
MEDIAN
RANGE
MEAN
MEDIAN
TEMP (C)
13.0
— 16.0
15.0
16.0
25.1
— 27.6
26.5
27.3
15.8
— 16.8
16.3
16.4
DISS OXY (MG/L)
9.2
— 10.0
9.5
9.4
2.2
— 15.8
8.6
7.2
8.2
— 10.2
9.1
8.9
CNDCTVY (MCROMO)
496.
— 870.
728.
817.
817.
— 980.
938.
957.
698.
— 849.
771.
776.
PH (STAND UNITS)
8.3
- 8.5
8.4
8.5
8.3
— 9.6
8.9
8.9
7.8
— 8.5
8.3
8.5
TOT ALK (MG/I)
162.
— 366.
297.
364,
280.
— 314.
298.
298.
445.
— 630.
522.
490.
TOT P (MG/L)
0.142
— 0.311
0.203
0.157
0.489
— 0.576
0.536
0.544
0,304
— 0.640
0.417
0.306
ORTHO P (14G/L)
0.018
— 0.034
0.028
0.031
0.307
— 0.445
0.382
0.414
0.056
— 0.288
0.151
0.109
N02.N03 (MG/I)
0.040
— 0.060
0.053
0.060
0.050
— 0.090
0.068
0.070
0.0 0
— 0.030
0.023
0.020
AMMONIA (MG/I)
0.050
— 0.050
0.050
0.050
0.080
— 0.120
0.104
0.100
0.040
— 0.060
0.050
0.050
KJEL N (P4G/L)
1.700
— 1.800
1.733
1.700
1.700
— 4.400
2.780
2.200
2.700
— 3.300
3.067
3.200
INORG N (MG/L)
0.090
— 0.110
0.103
0.110
0.130
— 0.210
0.172
0.170
0.060
— 0.090
0.073
0.070
TOTAL N (MG/L)
L.740
— 1.860
1.787
1.760
1.770
— 4.450
2.848
2.290
2.720
— 3.320
3.090
3.230
CHLRPYL A (UG/L)
14.1
- 50.7
29.8
24.6
19.8
— 224.6
75.1
27.9
43.1
— 112.9
89.4
112.2
SECCHI (METE’ S)
0.5
— 0.6
0.6
0.6
0.9
— 1.2
1.1
1.1
0.3
— 0.5
0.4
0.5
-------
7
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampi ing
Date
Dominant
Genera
Algal Units
per ml
2. Chlorophyll a —
Sampling
Date
04/26/74
Oscillatoria . J2.•
Aphanizonienon .
Stephanodiscus
Chroomonas
Dactylococcopsis .
Other jeñèra
14.1
24.6
50.7
1
2
3
1
2
3
19.8
224.6
36.1
43.1
112.2
112.9
1. Stephanodiscus .
2. Dactylococcopsis _p..
3. Chroomonas p.
4. K kistrodesrnus .
5. Syriedra !P.
Other genera
1 3,1 31
6,194
3,592
1 ,982
1 ,734
4,460
04/26/74
07/10/74
09/18/74
Total 31 ,093
1. Aplianizomenon
2. Microcystis !2.•
3. cryptomonas .
4. Cruci enia
5. Melosira
Other genera
17,930
448
299
299
150
223
Total 19,349
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9,303
7,612
4,229
3,637
2,876
12,432
Station
Number
Total 40,089
Chlorophyll a
( pg/i )
2
3
07/1 0/74
09/18/74
-------
8
Maximum yield
( mg/i-dry wt. )
12.2
13.2
29.1
30.0
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked -
Ortho P Inorganic N
Spike (mg/i) Conc. (mg/fl Conc. (mg/i ) _____________
Control 0.160 0.278
0.050 P 0.210 0.278
0.050 P + 1.0 N 0.210 1.278
1.0 N 0.160 1.278
2. Discussion —
The control yield of the assay alga, Seienastrum capri-
cornutum , indicates that the potential primary productivity
of Sand Lake was high at the time the sample was collected
(09/18/74). Also, the lack of significant yield increase
with the addition of phosphorus alone until nitrogen was also
added indicates that the lake was nitrogen limited at that
time. Note that the addition of only nitrogen resulted in
a yield much greater than that of the control.
The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation as well; i.e.,
the mean inorganic nitrogen/orthophosphorus ratios were 4/1
or less at all sampling times, and nitrogen limitation would
be expected.
-------
9
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix E for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the South Dakota
National Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from
each of the tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except
for the high runoff month of October when two samples were collected.
Sampling was begun in October, 1974, and was completed in September,
1975.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the
year of sampling and a “normalized’ or average year were provided by
the South Dakota District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the
tributary sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for the James River were deter-
mined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loads shown are
those measured minus point—source loads, if any.
Nutrient loads for Dry Run and the unsampled “Tninor tributaries
and immediate drainage” (“ZZ” of U.S.G.S.) were estimated using the
nutrient loads at station A-2, in kg/km 2 /year, and multiplying by the
Dry Run and ZZ areas in km 2 .
The operators of the LaMoure and Oakes, North Dakota, wastewater
treatment ponds did not participate; nutrient loads from these sources
were estimated at 1.134 kg P and 3.401 kg N/capita/year, and flows were
estimated at 0.3785 m 3 /capita/day.
* See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
10
Estimates of the nutrient contributions of migratory ducks and
geese are based on waterfowl inventory data and refuge information pro-
vided by Refuge Manager William Blair (1976).
In 1974—75, goose-use days totaled 6,500,000; and duck-use days
totaled 15,000,000.
In calculating the nutrient loads, the following assumptions were
made:
1. Four percent of the geese were lesser Canadas, one percent were
greater Canadas, 95 percent were snow and blue geese, and essentially all
of the ducks were mallards.
2. The geese spent one-half of the time away from the refuge waters;
i.e., effective goose-use days = 3,250,000.
3. Mallard ducks spent one-third of the time away from the refuge
waters; i.e., effective mallard-use days = 10,000,000.
4. Other ducks, coots, etc., spent practically all of the time on
the refuge waters and thus essentially recycled nutrients from the lake
back to the lake.
5. The physiology of waste excretion is similar among waterfowl,
and the amount of feces produced is approximately proportional to body
weight (Hutchinson, 1950).
6. The mean weight of comon Canada geese is 3.870 kg, the mean
weight of lesser Canada geese is 2.183 kg, the mean weight of snow-blue
geese is 2.289 kg, and the mean weight of mallard ducks is 1.148 kg
(Kortright, 1943).
-------
•11
7. The estimated mean weight of greater Canada geese is 5.896 kg
(Bair, op. cit.).
8. Comon Canada geese contribute 0.439 g total phosphorus and
1.435 g total nitrogen per goose—use day (Manny et al., 1975).
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal* —
Pop. Mean Flow Receiving
Name Served Treatment ( m 3 /d) Water
LaMoure 900 stab. pond 340.6 James River
Oakes 1,800 stab. pond 681.3 James River
*Anonymous, 1971.
-------
12
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading — Average Year:
1. Inputs —
kgP/ %of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
James River 15,725 71.8
Dry Run 260 1.2
b Minor tributaries & imediate
drainage (non-point load) — 665 3.0
c. Known municipal SIP’s —
LaMoure 1,020 4,7
Oakes 2,040 9.3
d. Septic tanks - Unknown ?
e. Known industrial — None
f. Waterfowl -
Ducks 1,300 5.9
Geese 850 3.9
g. Direct precipitation* - 55 0.2
Total 21,915 100.0
2. Outputs
Lake outlet - James River 17,010
3. Net annual P accumulation - 4,905 kg.
* See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
13
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading — Average Year:
1. Inputs —
kgN/ %of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non—point load) -
James River 154,140 85.1
Dry Run 2,070 1.2
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non—point load) — 5,340 2.9
c. Known municipal SIP’s -
LaMoure 3,060 1.7
Oakes 6,120 3.4
d. Septic tanks — Unknown
e. Known industrial - None
f. Waterfowl -
Ducks 4,260 2.4
Geese 2,795 1.5
g. Direct Precipitation* - 3,345 1.8
Total 181,130 100.0
2. Outputs —
Lake outlet - James River 142,740
3. Net annual N accumulation - 38,390 kg.
* See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
14
Mean Total N
Conc. (mg/i )
2.327
2.117
0.210
10
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tributary kg P/km 2 /yr kg N/km 2 /yr
James River 2 16
E. Mean Nutrient Concentrations in the James River:
Mean Total P
Conc. (mg/i ) ________
0.265
0.247 _____
0.018
At station A-i (outlet)
At station A—2 (inlet)
Difference
% difference
7
-------
15
F. Yearly Loads:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loadings
are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider
and Dillon, 1974). Essentially, his “dangerous” loading is
one at which the receiving water would become eutrophic or
remain eutrophic; his “permissible” loading is that which
would result in the receiving water remaining oligotrophic
or becoming oligotrophic if morphometry permitted. A meso-
trophic loading would be considered one between “dangerous”
and “permissible”.
Note that Vollenweider’s model may not be applicable to
water bodies with short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
grams/m 2 /yr 7.07 1.58 58.4 12.4
Vollenweider phosphorus loadings
(g/m 2 /yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Sand Lake:
“Dangerous” (eutrophic loading) 0.96
“Permissible” (oligotrophic loading) 0.48
-------
16
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Anonymous, 1971. Inventory of municipal waste facilities. EPA
Pubi. OWP—l, vol. 8, Wash., DC.
Bair, William (Manager), 1976. Personal communication (waterfowl
use). Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Columbia.
Hutchinson, George Evelyn, 1950. Biogeochemistry of vertebrate excre-
tion. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 96: 1—554.
Kortright, Francis H., 1943. The ducks, geese and swans of North
America (2nd ed.). Amer. Wildlife Institute, Wash., DC.
Manny, B. A., R. G. Wetzel, and W. C. Johnson, 1975. Annual con-
tribution of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus by migrant Canada
geese to a hardwater lake. Verh. Tnt. Ver. Limnol. 19: 949-951.
Murphey, Duane G., 1974. Personal comunication (lake morphometry).
SD Dept. of Environ. Protection, Pierre.
Vollenweider, R. A., and P. J. Dillon, 1974. The application of
the phosphorus loading concept to eutrophication research.
Natl. Res. Council of Canada Pubi. No. 13690, Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario.
-------
17
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
MEDIAN MEDIAN 500- MEAN 15— MEDIAN
LAKE NAME TOTAL P LNO’ G N MEAN SEC CP4LORA MIN DO DISS ORT 1O I
‘.601 LAKE ALBEIIT 0.321 0.170 489.111 106.289 9.200 0.O 9
4602 ALVIN LAKE 0.067 0.970 442.833 4.700 9.400 0.017
4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 0.019 0.160 423.333 3.717 13.000 0.005
4604 BRANT LAKE 0.194 0.130 432.833 34.150 11.800 0.113
4605 LAKE. HYRON 0.443 0.370 488.333 149.350 9.000 0.146
4606 CLEAR LAKE 0.027 U.07 5 430.167 11.983 8.800 0.009
4607 CLEAR LAKE 1.400 0.270 495.333 691.000 7.000 0.468
4608 COCHRANE LAKE 0.037 0.150 446.000 15.683 15.000 0.008
4609 COTTONwoOD LAKE 0.685 0.265 490.333 112.017 8.600 0.417
4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 0.033 0.080 303.333 3.650 15.000 0.022
4611 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 0.037 0.085 442.600 14.200 8.200 0.013
4612 LAKE HERMAN 0.340 0.155 485.000 58.733 8.600 0.174
4613 ST JOHN LAKE 0.349 0.080 489.400 120.880 9.800 0.025
4614 LAKE KAI4PESKA 0.220 0.105 468.889 20.567 8.200 0.128
4615 MADISON LAKE 0.25 0.090 445.555 22.578 14.000 0.107
4616 LAKE MITCHELL 0.099 0.085 465.833 14.883 13.800 0.015
4617 LAKE NO DLN 0.256 0.165 488.667 46.800 10.000 0.050
4618 OAK dOO() LA’ E EAsr 0.146 0.175 487.000 113.600 10.000 0.009
4619 OAKW000 LAKE WEST 0.181 0.135 485.833 159.667 9.bO O 0.021
4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 0.011 0.070 248.444 1.478 11.000 0.006
4621 PICKEREL LAKE 0.049 0.095 439.833 15.833 9.600 0.009
4622 LAKE POINSETT 0.115 0.315 468.444 40.211 10.000 0.023
4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 0.042 0.110 430.333 6.883 7.600 0.010
4624 RICHMOND LAKE 0.187 0.150 410.000 18.467 10.000 0.144
4625 ROY LAKE 0.034 0.070 431.000 13.333 11.000 0.010
4626 SAND LAKE 0.489 0.110 471.800 65.790 12.800 0.288
4627 SHERIDAN LAKE 0.053 0.105 394.000 15.433 15.000 0.016
-— KAC E - “0 32” I
-------
-LA C DATA To B! USED IN RANPCINGS
LA IcE MEDIAN MEDIAN MEAN 15— MCDIAN
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P INOIG N HZAN SEC c HIO WA MIN DO DISS O TnO V
4629 LAKE VERMILLION 0 .2 )1 0.100 472.833 100.800 9 .200 0.092
4630 WALL LAKE 0.194 0.160 441.667 55.267 1.400 0.016
4631 WAUSAY LAKE NORTP4 O.09a 0.145 469.555 121.033 11.400 0.023
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES wITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH bIIGHEI4 VALUCS)
MEDIAN MEDIAN 500— MEAN 5— MEDiAN INDEX
LAKE NAME TOTAL P INORG N MEAN SEC CPILORA MIN DO DISS ORTrtO P P40
4601 LAKE ALBERT 20 C 6) 20 ( 6) 10 C 3) 23 7) b8 C 20) 60 C 18) 201
4602 ALVIN LAKE 67 C 20) 0 C 0) 57 C 17) 90 1 27) 63 C 19) 63 1 li) 3’.0
4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 97 C 29) 30 C 9) 87 C 26) 93 C 28) 20 C 6) 100 i 30) 427
4604 BRANT LAKE 40 C 12) 53 1 16) 70 ( 21) 47 C 14) 27 1 8) 23 C 7) 260
4605 SLAKE BYRON 10 1 3) 3 C 1) 17 1 5) 7 C 2) 73 1 22) 13 C 4) 123
4606 CLEAR LACE o3 C 28) 93 C 28) 83 C 25) 83 C 25) 77 1 23) 90 1 27) 519
4607 CLEM LAKE 0 1 0) 10 C 3) 0 1 0) 0 C 0) 100 C 30) 0 C 0) 110
4608 COCHRAP4E LAKE 83 C 25) 40 C 11) 50 1 15) 67 C 20) 5 C 0) 93 ( 28) 338
4609 COTTONwOOD LAKE 3 C 1) 13 C 4) 3 C 1) 20 C 6) 82 C 24) 3 C 1) 124
4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 90 1 27) 88 1 26) 97 C 29) 97 C 29) 5 C 0) 53 1 16) 430
4611 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 80 24) 82 ( 24) 60 1 18) 77 C 23) 88 C 26) 73 1 22) 460
4612 LAKE HERMAN 17 C 5) 33 1 10) 27 C 8) 33 C 10) 82 C 24) 10 1 3) 202
4613 ST JOHN LAKE 13 C 4) 88 C 26) 7 C 2) 13 C 4) 53 C 16) 43 C 13) 217
4614 LAKE KAMPESKA 33 C 10) 65 1 19) 40 C 12) 57 C 17) 88 1 26) 20 C 6) 303
4615 MADISON LAKE 27 C 8) 77 C 23) 53 C 16) 53 1 16) 13 1 4) 30 1 9) 253
4616 LAKE MITCHELL 60 C 18) 82 C 24) 47 C 14) 73 1 22) 17 C 5) 70 C 21) 349
4617 LAKE NORDEN 23 C 7) 23 ( 7) 13 C 4) 40 C 12) 45 1 12) 40 1 12) 184
4618 OAICW000 LAKE EAST 53 C 16) 17 C 5) 20 C 6) 17 C 5) 45 C 12) 85 1 25) 237
4619 OAKW000 LAKE WEST 50 C 15) 50 C 15) 23 C 7) 3 C 1) 58 1 17) 57 1 17) 241
4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 100 C 30) 98 C 29) 100 C 30) 100 C 30) 35 1 10) 97 1 29) 530
6821 PICKEREL LAKE 73 C 22) 73 1 22) 67 1 20) 63 C 19) 58 C 17) 85 1 25) 419
4622 LAKE POINSETT 57 1 17) 7 C 2) 43 1 13) 43 C 13) 45 C 12) 47 C 14) 242
4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 77 ( 23) 58 C 17) 80 C 24) 87 C 26) 93 1 28) 78 C 23) 413
4824 RICPIMOND LAKE 47 C 14) 40 1 11) 90 C 27) 60 1 18) 45 C 12) 17 C 5) 299
4625 ROY LAKE 87 C 26) 98 C 29) 77 C 23) 80 C 24) 35 C 10) 78 1 23) 455
4626 SAND LAKE 7 1 2) 58 1 17) 33 1 10) 30 C 9) 23 C 7) 7 C 2) 158
4627 SHERIDAN LAKE 70 C 21) 65 C 19) 93 C 26) 70 C 21) 5 1 0) 67 C 20) 370
- 8 KAr - - 30 1 LA ( 7 ‘ 2) o C ici 0 27 ( ) 225
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WiTH fr4IGHER VALUES (NUHaER OF LAKES wiTH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500— PILAN 15— MEDIAN INDEX
CODE LAKE NAME TOIAL P INORG N MEAN SEC CP4LO A b LN DO ISS ORTriO P NO
LA E EQl 1LLi S 371 11 7 12 1 3 I ?1 I &) 5( Q 331 1 b 2 S
1.LLL ( 3t 3b 2)1 ab 6.311 b 31 111b 1 2 ) 37 111b
MM&1LME b I 3lb9b 7I14b 3111kb 101 3b ‘e 1LS 237
-------
LMt.S RANKED BY INDEK MOS.
RAP4I( LAKE CODE LAI E NAME INDEX NO
2Q 4 O9 COTTWiW000 Aic
30 4605 LAKE BYRON 123
31 4607 CLEAR LAKE 110
-------
M’%C “A”” IJ DY L! UCA NU ,
RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAME: INDEX NO
1 f 620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 530
2 4606 CLEAR LAKE 519
3 4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 473
4 4611 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 460
5 4625 ROY LAKE 455
6 4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 430
7 4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 427
8 4621 PICKEREL LAKE 419
9 4627 SHERIDAN LAKE 370
10 4616 LAKE MITCHELL 349
II 4602 ALVIN LAKE 340
12 4608 COCHRANE LAKE 338
13 4630 WALL LAKE 304
14 4614 LAKE KAMPESIcA 303
15 4624 RICHMOND LAKE 299
16 6629 LAKE VERMILLION 265
17 4604 BRANT LAKE 260
18 4615 MADISON LAKE 253
19 4622 LAKE POINSETT 242
20 4619 OAKW000 LAKE WEST 241
21 4631 WAUBAY LAKE NORTH 237
22 4618 OAK OOD LAKE EAST 237
23 4628 STOCKADE LAKE 225
24 4613 ST JOHN LAKE 217
25 4612 LAKE HERMAN 202
26 4601 LAKE ALBERT 201
27 461? LAKE NORDEN 184
28 4626 SANn LAKE
-------
APPENDIX B
CONVERSION FACTORS
-------
CONY ERS ION FACTORS
Hectares x 2.471 = acres
Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles
Meters x 3.281 = feet
Cubic meters x 8.107 x = acre/feet
Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles
Cubic meters/sec x 35.315 = cubic feet/sec
Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches
Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds
Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = lbs/square mile
-------
APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARy FLOW INFOWIATION FOR SOU T rI DAKOTA 05/03/76
LAKE CODE 46P6 SAND
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE(SO KM) 10308.2
SU’ 3—DRAIN4GE NORMALIZED FLOWS (CMS)
TRIBUTARY APEA(SQ 1 (M) JAN FEB APR MAY JUN JUL AUG OCT NOV DEC MEAN
4626A1 10308.2 0.17 0.11 0.34 9.17 7.19 4.16 3.54 1.81 0.62 0.48 0.57 0.42 2.39
4626A2 9842.0 0.34 0.34 3.60 9.20 3.34 4.33 3.06 1.25 0.91 0.88 0.57 0.42 2.35
4626B1 129.5 0.0 0.0 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.007
462 6Z 1 336.7 0.0 0.0 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.007
SUMMARY
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE = 10308.2 TOTAL FLOW IN = 28.40
SUM OF SUB—DRAINAGE AREAS = 10308.2 TOTAL FLOW OUT 28.60
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW
4626A1 10 74 0.142 12 0.0 30 0.057
74 0.170 8 0.113
12 74 0.170 12 0.170
1 75 0.170 26 0.170
2 75 0.113 28 0.085
3 75 0.057 13 0.0
4 75 1.416 20 1.784
5 75 18.264 16 20.841
6 75 12.714
7 75 33.216 1 21.464 26 30.865
8 75 18.859 23 16.141
9 75 10.817 27 9.373
4626A2 10 74 1.189 12 1.841 30 0.566
11 74 0.481 8 0.623
12 74 0.283 12 0.340
1 75 0.272 26 0.255
2 75 0.283 28 0.283
3 75 0.595 13 0.283
4 75 18.066 20 28.317
5 75 18.094 16 15.857
6 75 13.762
7 75 36.359 1 127.426 26 7.929
8 75 7.957 23 8.212
9 75 8.212 27 7.929
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION Fop SOUTH OA’OTA 05/03/76
LAKE CODE 4626 SAND
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND dAILY FLOWS(CMS)
TRIMUTAPY MONTH Y(Ar MEAN FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW dAY FLO W
4626€I 10 14 0.0 12 0.0 30 0.0
7 4 0.0 8 0.0
12 74 0.0 12 0.0
j 7 , 0.0 26 0.0
2 75 0.0 28 0.0
3 15 0.0 13 0.0
4 75 0.00 1 20 0.006
5 7 5 0.0 16 0.0
6 15 0.0
7 75 0.0 1 0.0 0.0
8 75 0.0 23 0.0
9 15 0.0 21 0.0
4626ZZ 10 14 0.0
1 1 14 0.0
12 74 0.0
1 75 0.0
2 75 0.0
3 75 0.0
4 75 0.0
5 75 0.001
6 75 0.0
1 75 0.0
8 75 0.0
q 15 0.0
-------
APPENDIX D
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/0)
462601
45 40 03.0 098 18 20.0 3
SAND LAKE
46013 SOUTH DAKOTA
0906 il
1 1EPALES
0002 FEET
2111202
DEPTH CLASS 00
74/04/26 11 00 0000
74/07/lu 14 25 0000
14 26 0000
74/09/lb 10 45 0000
10 45 0003
00665 32217
PHOS-TOT CHLRPHYL
A
MG/I P UG/L
00031
INCDT LI
RE MN 1MG
PERCENT
DATE
TIME
DEPTH
FROM
OF
TO
DAY
FEET
74/O’e/26
II 00
0000
74/07/10
14 ?5
14 26
0000
0000
74/09/18
10 45
0000
DATE
TIME
DEPTH
FROM
OF
TO
DAY
FEET
00010
00300
00077
00094
00400
00410
00610
00b25
00630
00b71
WATER
DO
TRANSP
CNDUCTVY
PH
T ALK
NH3—N
TOT KJEL
N02&N03
PHOS-DIS
TEMP
SECCHI
FIELD
CACO3
TOTAL
N
N—TOTAL
ORTrIO
CENT
MG/L
INCHES
MICROMHO
SO
MG/L
M(,/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
16.0
9.2
24
A70
8.25
366
0.050
1.700
0.040
0.034
25.1
2.2
48
980
8.30
296
0.100
2.000
0.060
0.433
25.1
2.2
48
980
8.30
314
0.120
1.700
0.070
0.445
16.4
8.2
18
849
7.81
630
0.040
2.700
0.020K
0.288
3.142
0.544
0.576
0.640
14.1
19.8
19.8
43.1
1.0
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATEU
-------
STORET RFTPIEVAL. DATE 76/05/03
74/04126 11 15 0000
74/07/10 14 05 0000
14 05 0002
74/09/LR 10 35 0000
10 35 0002
00665 32217
PHOS—TOT CHLRPHYL
A
MG/L P UG/L
0.157
0.505
0.564
0 .306
00031
INCOT LT
REMNING
PERCENT
462b02
45 43 20.0 098 17 22.0 3
SAND LAKE
46013 SOUTH tjAKOTA
090a )1
11EPALES 2111202
0004 FEET DEPTM CLASS 00
DATE
TIME
DEPTH
FROM
OF
10
UAY
FEEl
74/04/26
11 15
0000
74/07/10
14 05
14 CS
0000
0002
74/09/18
10 35
0000
DATE
TIME
DEP.TH
FROM
OF
TO
OAY
FEET
0( 010
00300
00077
00094
00400
001.10
00610
00625
00630
00671
MATER
DO
TWANSP
CNOUCTVY
PH
1 ALK
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
N02&N03
I1rsOSDIS
TEMP
SECCpII
FIELD
CACO)
TOTAL
N
N—TOTAL
ORTHO
CENT
MG/L
INCHES
MICROPIHQ
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MC,/L
MG/L
MG/L P
13.0
9.4
24
817
8.50
364
0.050
1.800
0.060
0.018
27.3
15.8
36
957
9.60
280
(1.100
3.600
0.070
0.310
27.3
15.8
957
9.60
300
0.080
4.400
0.050
0.307
15.8
10.2
18
766
8.53
490
0.060
3.200
0.030
0.109
24,6
224 • 6
112.2
1.0
-------
STORET ETRTEVAL DATE 76/05/03
462603
45 46 40,0 098 j4 44.0 3
SANL, LAKE
46013 SOuTH OA OTA
090691
I IEPALES 2111202
0002 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00010 00300 0 077 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALI( NH3—N TOT KJEL N02&N03 PriOSL)IS
FROM OF TEMP SECC )1I FIELD CACO3 TOTAL N N—TOTAL ORTrIO
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MIC 0MHO SU MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L M6/L P
74/04/26 11 30 0000 16.0 10.0 18 496 8.55 162 0.050 1.700 0.060 0.031
74/07/10 14 50 0000 27.6 7.2 36 817 8.9 298 0.120 2.200 0.090 0.414
74/09/18 10 20 0000 16.8 8.9 12 698 8.53 445 0.050 3.300 0.020 0.056
00665 322)7 00031
DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS—TOT CHLRPHYL INCDT IT
FROM OF A kEMMING
TO DAY FEET MG/L P UG/L PERCENT
74/04/26 11 30 0000 0.311 50.7
74/07/10 14 50 0000 0,489 36.1
74/09/18 10 20 0000 0.334 312.9
10 20 0002 1.0
-------
APPENDIX E
TRIBUTARY DATA
-------
STDRET RETRIEVAL. DATE 76/05/04
462541
45 40 05.0 098 18 35.0 4
JA MES R1V&
‘.6 7.5 COLUMBIA NE
U/SAND RE$ERVOIR 090b91
SEC r(& BI(OG I M l BELOW COL UMbIA r?OAD DAM
I IEPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00630 00625 0 4 )610 00671 00655
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2&P103 TOT KJEL. N 1 13—N P 1 105— 0 15 P1105-TOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL N TOr AL ORrnO
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P
7 /10/12 11 08 .008 3.600 0.040 0.090 0.410
74/10/30 14 45 0.008 4.100 0.055 0.120 0.420
74/11/08 16 45 0.008 2.300 0.055 0.125 0.280
75 /02/28 16 00 0.070 3.200 0.407 0.240 0.360
15/04/20 16 00 0.060 1.900 0.290 0.050 0.180
15/05/16 18 35 0.005 1.450 0.030 0.040 3.100
75/Q7/Oj 20 30 0.010 1.300 0.055 0. 185 0 .200
75/07/26 20 00 0.015 1.20 * 0.025 0.230 0.310
75/08/23 19 00 0.020 2.200 0.035 0.065 0.220
15/09/2? 20 00 0.020 1.800 0.015 0.020 0.170
-------
STw ET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/0 5/0’ .
462bA2
45 56 10.0 098 10 30.0 4
JAMES R1VEi
46 7.5 HECLA
T/SA iD RESERVOIR 090691
SEC RU BROG 5.4 MI NW OF HECLA
I IEPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2 NO3 TOT KJEL MH3—N PHOS—DIS PHOS—TOT
FROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO L)AY FEET MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L ?
74/10/12 12 25 0.024 2.400 0.030 0.030 0.210
74/10/30 12 15 0.02’ . 2.000 0.060 0.060 0.400
74/11/08 16 07 0.184 2.900 0.120 0.090 0.170
75/04/20 15 05 0.350 1.250 0.100 0.170 0.280
75/05/16 17 50 0.005 2.100 0.035 0.030 0.170
75/07/01 20 00 0.150 1.600 0.308 o.175 0.340
75/07/26 17 30 0.020 2.100 0.020 0.090 0.290
75/08/23 17 30 0.155 1.450 0.015 0.040 0.170
75/09/27 19 30 0.140 2.200 0.015 0.015 0.190
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/04
462681
45 49 15.0 098 15 20.0 4
DR y RON
46 7.5 SAVO SE
T/5ArgD RES RvOjR 090691
SEC RD BROG 7,5 M l NV OF HOtJGHTON
I I EPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL NH3—N PHOS—DIS P 1405-TOT
FROM or N—TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAT FEET MG/L MG/L HG/L MG/L P MG/L P
75/04/20 14 30 0.250 3.000 0.400 0.750 0.850
15/05/16 17 20 0.005 3.160 0.055 0.360 0.520
15/01/01 18 15 0.025 3.800 0.360 0.430 0.580
75/07/26 16 30 0.010 4 .600 0.080 2.500 3.000
15/08/23 17 00 0.015 4.100 0.070 1.100 l. loo
15/09/27 18 15 0.015 7.700 0.045 0.525 1.400
------- |