&EPA
United States September 1987
Environmental Protection Agency OPA-87-011
Washington DC 20460
Research and Development
Removal of Radon
From
Household Water
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency strives to provide accurate,
complete, and useful information. However, neither EPA, nor any other
person contributing to or assisting in the preparation of this booklet—nor
any person acting on the behalf of any of these parties—makes any
warranty, guarantee, or representation {express or implied] with respect
to the usefulness or effectiveness of any information, method, or process
disclosed in this material or assumes any liability for the use of—or for
damages arising from the use of—any information, methods, or process
disclosed in this material.
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Study
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is studying ways to
reduce radon in houses, including
methods to remove the gas from
water to prevent its release in houses
when the water is used. While this
work has not yet answered all the
questions about household water
treatment systems, we are publishing
what information we have that may
be of immediate use to homeowners.
This booklet will be revised as
additional information becomes
available.
General Information
This booklet is intended specifically
for homeowners who suspect that the
water they get from their own well,
or water they receive from a water
utility that uses well water, may be a
significant source of radon in their
homes.
General information about indoor
radon and the evaluation of test
results of indoor air is available in
the EPA publication A Citizen's
Guide to Radon; What It Is And What
To Do About It [OPA-86-004].
Information about ways of removing
radon from household air and
preventing radon entry from the soil
surrounding your house is presented
in the EPA publications Radon
Reduction Methods: A Homeowner's
Guide (Second Edition) [OPA-87-010]
and Radon Reduction in New
Constuction; An Interim Guide
IOPA-87-009]. To get copies of these
booklets, contact your state radon
program office. (See list at the end of
this booklet.) Generally, the state
office that handles radiation health
issues is different from the state
agency responsible for drinking water
quality, including radon. So you
should ask to talk with the
appropriate agency in your state if
you want more information on radon
in household water.
The Threat to Health
By far the greatest risk to health from
radon occurs when the gas enters the
house from underlying soil and is
inhaled. As noted in A Citizen's
Guide to Radon, scientists estimate
that from about 5,000 to about 20,000
lung cancer deaths a year in the
United States may be attributed to
radon from soil. It is also estimated
that an additional 100 to 1,800 lung
cancer deaths per year
(approximately) are caused by
inhaling radon emitted by household
water.
Radon concentrations in water and
in air are measured in picocuries per
liter (pCi/L). The lifetime risk of
developing lung cancer from
household water that contains 1,000
pCi/L of radon is roughly 3 to 13 in
10,000; from water with 10,000 pCi/L
of radon, the risk is approximately 3
to 13 in 1,000; for water containing
100,000 pCi/L of radon, the risk is
about 3 to 12 in 100.
EPA has set drinking water
standards for other contaminants at a
level equivalent to a risk of 1 in
10,000 to 1 in 1,000,000.
If you regularly drink household
water containing radon, it is not
considered a health risk. Waterborne
radon is a problem only when the
radon is released from the water and
enters household air. If there is no
measured problem with airborne
radon in a home, there generally is
no need to test for radon in
household water.
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Radon in Water
About one-half of the U.S. population
relies on underground sources of
water, called ground water. Ground
water flows through porous soil and
small spaces between rocks at a
relatively slow rate: only a few feet
per year in some areas. When water
is pumped out of a well, the flow rate
can increase significantly.
Radon, which is formed from
natural deposits of uranium, is
soluble in water. So radon dissolves
into passing ground water. How
much radon enters the ground water
depends upon the amount of
uranium in the ground and the flow
rate of the water. The level of radon
in ground water is usually less than
1,000 pCi/L; however, in a few cases,
levels over 1 ,000,000 pCifL have been
detected.
Most of the radon will be released
from water when the water is
exposed to air. Our experience thus
far indicates that, as a rule of thumb.
there will be an increase of about
1 pCi/L in the air inside a home for
every 10,000 pCi/L of radon in the
household water. Consequently, a
waterborne radon level of 40,000
pCi/L can result—by itself—in an
indoor air level of about 4 pCi/L
(which is the level at which EPA
recommends that remedies should be
considered).
The household water supply,
however, is normally not the sole
contributor to indoor radon. Usually
only a small percentage (on average.
2 to 5 percent) of the radon found in
a home comes from household water.
Exceptions do occur. For example. in
some areas of the northeast and west.
high concentrations of radon are
found in ground water and may
become a significant factor in total
indoor radon levels.
The principal means of radon entry
into a home is through cracks and
other openings in the walls and floors
that are in contact with the soil.
Vulnerable Areas
Homes that use surface water instead
of ground water will not have a
problem with waterborne radon.
While radon is present in most
soils and rocks. concentrations high
enough to cause problems in ground
vater have been found, so far, in only
a few cases. Even in areas that do
have high concentrations of radon in
* Some tests of radon levels in indoor air
give the results in Working Levels (WL).
Under normal conditions, I Working Level
(WL) is approximately equal to 200 pCi!L; so
the indoor radon level above which EPA
suggests taking some action t4 pCiL) is
about equal to 0.02 WL.
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the soil , many homes viIl not
encounter a problem with waterborne
radon for two reasons. First. when
water is supplied by a municipal
system, radon is released while the
water is being treated in the system,
This is true even when ground welter
is the source of the water supply.
Second, radon is transformed Iby
radioactive decay) into other
substances when water is held in
storage.
The greatest problems with
waterborne radon normally occur in
homes which are located in areas
with high levels of radon in the
ground water and which are served
by an individual well or a small
community water system i serving up
to about 100 homes).
From Water To Air
When water is exposed to the
atmosphere, some of the dissolved
radon will be released. The amount
of radon given off will increase if the
water is heated and as the surface
area exposed to air is increased.
Thus. the largest releases of
waterborne radon in the home are
due to those activities and appliances
that spray or agitate heated water.
such as taking showers and washing
dishes or clothes.
Since water is used in only a few
rooms (bathroom. kitchen. laundry.
etc.) at irregular intervals, the amount
of radon entering your home from the
water will vary dramatically
according to room layout and time of
day. Your daily patterns of water use
(e.g., if the whole family takes
showers in the morning or if all the
laundry is washed on one day)
should be considered when the air in
your home is being tested for radon.
Testing The Water
If tests of the dIF in your home have
shown that you have a radon problem
(see the “General Information ”
section above) and you suspect that
your household water supply may be
a significant cause, you should
contact your state agency listed at the
back of this booklet to see whether
the health department, radiation
protection office, or drinking water
office has been designated to provide
you assistance.
Some states have programs to
analyze individual household water
supplies at modest cost. In states that
do not have such programs, the
designated agency should be able to
refer von to a commercial lab which
will typically do the job for
approximately S2() to $35 per sample.
\Ve expect more and more
laboratories to obtain the special
equipment needed and begin offering
testing services.
You may be asked to take one or
two samples of your household water
and send them to the laboratory.
Some states and private companies
now provide test kits for this
purpose. The way a water sample is
collected is very important to
obtaining a true measurement of the
radon level. Generally, you should
collect the sample in such a manner
that as little radon as possible is lost
to the air. Read and carefully follow
the sampling directions provided by
the testing lab.
Procedures for testing radon levels
in household water have been
evolving. It now appears that
sufficient accuracy can be achieved
by using a small vial to obtain a
sample of water from an indoor
faucet. it is important that there is no
aerator on the faucet. that cold water
is running for about 10 minutes
before the sample is taken, that
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during the sampling the water is run
slowly, that no air bubbles get into
the sample, and that the vial is
capped as quickly as possible and
returned promptly to the testing lab.
Another technique is to place an
alpha track detector in the toilet tank
for a specified period of time. The
detector comes attached to the inside
of a little cup that is inverted on the
surface of the water. When the toilet
is flushed, radon is released by the
flow of water The amount released is
measured by the detector, which is
usually left in place for several
months. The detector is sent to a
laboratory for analysis.
High radon levels in the household
water of other members of your
community is a good reason to
suspect that your home has a
waterborne radon problem. (This is
not an absolute indicator: at least one
well has been discovered with a
radon level over 75 times higher than
another well only 50 feet away.) If
your indoor radon levels are found to
Use a faucet with no aerator or be sure
to remove aerator from faucet before
taking sample.
be slightly above 4 pCi/L and you are
unsure whether your household
water is a significant contributor,
your state radiation health agency
and some testing companies may
have a continuous radon monitor that
can indicate indoor radon levels
before, during, and after water usage.
When having your well water
analyzed for radon, you might want
to consider having the water
analyzed for uranium and radium.
two other naturally-occurring
radioactive elements of health
concern. Uranium and radium are
usually not found in high
concentrations with radon, but in a
few areas they are. Before spending
the additional money for these
analyses, check with your designated
state agency to find out whether
either uranium or radium is being
found in the ground water in your
area. If they are being found in your
area, the first test you should have
done is called a “gross alpha
analysis.” Depending on the results
of that test, analyses specifically
designed to measure levels of
uranium and radium may be
warranted.
Control Methods
If initial water test(s) indicate you
may have a radon problem, you
should do some follow-up testing to
verify the results. If these tests show
a substantial portion of the radon in
the air in your home probably
originates in your household water
supply. you should consider taking
some action. In general, you have two
choices: to remove the radon from the
air after it has left the water. or to
remove the radon from the water
before it reaches the indoor air.
In many cases, good ventilation of
bathrooms, laundry, and kitchen may
be adequate to prevent the buildup of
radon in your home, Ventilation
during periods of water use is
particularly important. If ventilation
is used, care must be taken to operate
vents and fans in ways that avoid
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The cross-ventilation of household
areas where water is heated or aerated
can remove radon. Cure must be taken
to avoid depressurizing the house.
depressurizing the house, which
could draw in radon from the soil.
However, ventilation may prove
impractical in cold weather. More
information about ventilation
techniques can be found in the EPA
booklet Radon Reduction Methods.
There are several ways and
different types of devices to remove
radon from water before the water is
used in the home. The simplest way
is to store the water until most of the
radon has gone through its natural
radiation decay process. However,
storage is not practical for the typical
home because several days are
needed for the radon to decay, and
that calls for a very large storage tank.
Other removal methods are based
on the natural tendency of radon to
be released when water is exposed to
air. Home aeration systems spray the
water through an air-filled chamber
and use a fan to move the
radon-contaminated air out of the
house. Presently, home aeration
devices are not readily available or
widely used; therefore , they have not
been extensively tested or evaluated.
Devices which use granular
activated carbon (GAG) to remove
radon from water are presently the
least costly for a single home using
its own well and, to date, are the
most extensively tested and used.
Consequently, the GAG method is the
only one described in detail in this
booklet. The other removal methods
mentioned should not be entirely
discounted, however. Home aeration
systems, in particular, could well
compete favorably with GAG in the
future.
How GAC Works
Some impurities in water, primarily
organic contaminants but also
including dissolved radon, tend to
become attached to activated carbon
particles. If enough granular activated
carbon is contained in a tank through
which the household water flows, up
to 99 percent of the waterborne radon
can be captured. Because of the
potentially high collection efficiency
for radon and other radioactive
elements (especially uranium), the
GAG can produce an exposure and
disposal problem due to a buildup of
radioactivity.
The GAC Tank
A GAG tank designed for radon
removal is often made of fiberglass
and is similar in appearance to a
water softener tank. It is located after
the pressure tank in the household
water system and is usually located
in the basement or other
out-of-the-way place. The tank treats
all the water used in the home.
(Small carbon filters—those attached
to kitchen faucets or placed under the
sink—are not of adequate size and are
ineffective in reducing the level of
radon in household air.)
lf GAG is used to treat water with
high levels of bacteria, the water from
the GAG bed will generally have
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more bacteria in it than the untreated
water. Research to date has not
shown the increase in bacteria level
to be a health problem. However,
because GAG does support bacterial
growth, GAG systems for radon
removal should not be used to treat
water which is microbiologically
unsafe or water of unknown
biological quality without adequate
disinfection.
The ability of GAG to remove radon
is affected by the level of radon in
the well water, the amount of water
used per day, and the type and
amount of other contaminants in the
water. Experience so far indicates
that a typical GAG tank that holds
one-and-one-half to two cubic feet of
carbon can easily serve a family of
four. Properly designed and installed,
it should be able to reduce a
waterborne radon level of 100,000
pGi/L down to a level of 10,000
pCi/L. A three-cubic-foot unit can
handle as much as 250 gallons of
water per day and bring down the
radon level from above 1,000,000
pCiiL to less than 500 pGi/L.
Typical GAG (Granular Activated
Carbon) installation.
Because GAG is a very fine
material, a bed of it will filter out
many small particles such as iron and
other sediments in the water. If the
bed is not protected with a prefilter
installed upstream in the water
system (that is, between the well and
the GAG unit), the GAG bed will
eventually clog and the flow of water
will be reduced. Backwashing
(reversing the flow of water through
the GAG unit) will remove the
particles from the system. It is,
however, detrimental to the GAG
process because it mixes up the
carbon in the tank, temporarily
reducing the effectiveness of the GAC
in removing radon from the water.
Special note: GAG units with
automatic backwashing should be
avoided.
All GAC units should have a
prefilter to protect the bed, either a
replaceable cartridge type or a
permanent, backwashable type that
contains a material such as sand. The
frequency for changing a replaceable
cartridge filter or for backwashing a
permanent filter depends on the
quality of the well water. Some filter
systems may be equipped with
pressure gauges to determine when to
change a replaceable filter or to
backwash a permanent filter.
Instructions provided with the filter
should be followed carefully.
Prefilters, properly maintained,
will remove many small particles
from the water and limit the need to
backwash a GAG unit to once a year.
or once every two years, or as needed
to prevent clogging.
Maintenance
GAG devices are quite simple. They
require no mechanical or electrical
controls and are installed in-line
under pressure. Because of their
simplicity and large capacity for
radon removal, GAG systems are easy
to operate and maintain and should
last many years. The only routine
maintenance required—depending on
Intake from weH
Sediment
F i lter
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the prefilter system selected—is
replacement of the prefilter cartridge
or backwashing the permanent
prefilter. Should the GAG clog to a
degree that backwashing does not
correct, or should it build up
radioactivity to an unacceptable
level, you should replace the GAG. If
you plan to do so, read the section on
disposal of GAG that follows.
Follow -up
To be certain the GAG system is
working, you should have your
treated water tested shortly after the
system is installed. Follow-up testing
is recommended every year to
confirm that the system continues to
perform effectively. Annual
maintenance and operating costs of
the system are essentially limited to
the cost of replacement prefilter
cartridges and the cost of testing
water samples.
Cost
Typical GAG units designed for
radon removal range in price from
$650 to $1,000, depending upon
vessel size and the type of GAG used.
Adding the cost of installation and
the sediment filter brings the total
cost to between $800 and $1,200. For
the vast majority of high-radon
wells—which are below 200,000
pOlL—the total installed cost should
be under $1,200.
Radiation from Tank
GAG has an essentially unlimited
capacity for radon removal because
radon decays into other radioactive
elements as the radon is held in the
GAG. During the decay process,
which occurs while the tank is in use
and afterwards, radiation is given off
from the tank. You should not open
the tank during this period. The total
amount of radiation is related to the
level of radon and other radioactive
materials in the water supply and the
amount of water used. Higher radon
levels, more water usage, extended
use, and the presence of other
radioactive contaminants can also
lead to the buildup of long-lived
radioactive substances on the GAG.
The significance of this possible
buildup is being studied.
The placement of the GAG unit is
very important since it can cause
direct radiation exposure to you and
your family. You should place it in
an area that minimizes human
proximity—possibly outside the
home, if that is feasible. Radiation is
highest at the surface of the tank and
decreases with distance. Shielding
the tank with a dense material such
as concrete, lead, or even water can
reduce the radiation level but will
add to the total cost of the system. A
knowledgeable, experienced dealer
should be able to advise you about
proper tank location and shielding
needs.
If the waterborne radon level is
higher than 200,000 pGi/L, the GAG
unit should be placed outside the
home-—in a pump house, for
example—to assure safety, although it
is possible that shielding could
provide adequate protection indoors.
Background gamma radiation varies
around the country, with the average
being about 10 microroentgens per
hour. While the federal government
has not established a suggested limit
for radiation levels in living areas, it
is desirable to limit radiation from
the GAG tank to as close to the
background level as is feasible. Some
experienced dealers, or your state or
local radiation health offices, may
have survey meters to measure the
level of radiation around your tank.
You should consult your state or
local radiation health office about the
level of radiation above which they
advise using shielding. Types of
shielding were mentioned earlier.
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Disposal of GAC
During operation, the GAG bed will
accumulate radon decay products.
Eventually, the GAG will need to be
replaced, and you will need to
dispose of the old GAG. Some states
do not want used GAG material to be
thrown away in an uncontrolled
manner and have established
guidelines for proper disposal. When
the time comes for disposal of GAG
material, you should place the unit in
an isolated area for one month to
allow the short-lived radiation on the
GAC to decay. This may not,
however, adequately deal with the
longer-lived radioactive substances
polonium-210 and lead-210. You
should check with the equipment
dealer or state radiation protection
office about the proper way to
dispose of the used GAG.
Getting The Work Done
Your state’s designated agency may
be able to provide you with a list of
dealers or contractors who can sell
and install the proper unit for your
needs. Unfortunately, since the need
for removing radon from the water of
some households has only recently
been recognized, there are few people
with much experience in the field.
Therefore, it is important that you
exercise care in hiring a reputable
company to select, install, and
monitor any radon reduction device.
Sources of Information
if you would like further information
or explanation about any of the
points mentioned in this booklet, you
should contact your state radon
program office listed at the end of
this booklet and ask for your
designated state agency.
if you have difficulty obtaining
needed information, you may call
your EPA regional office, listed at the
end of this booklet. EPA’s radiation
program staff will be happy to assist
you.
EPA Regional
Offices
EPA Region I
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3234
EPA Region 2
(2A1R:RAD)
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-4418
Region 3 (3AH14)
841 Ghestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-4084
EPA Region 4
345 Gourtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-2904
EPA Region 5 (5AR26)
230 South Dearborn Street
Ghicago, IL 60604
(312) 886-6165
EPA Region 6 (6T-AS)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
[ 214) 655-7208
EPA Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 236-2893
EPA Region B
( BHWM-RP)
999 18th Street
One Denver Place, Suite
1300
Denver, CO 80202-2413
(303) 293-1648
EPA Region 9 (A-3)
215 Fremont Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 974-8378
EPA Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 442-7660
State—
EPA Region
Alabama 4
Alaska 10
Arizona 9
Arkansas 6
California 9
Colorado .......... 8
Connecticut I
Delaware 3
District of
Columbia 3
Florida 4
Georgia 4
Hawaii 9
Idaho 10
Illinois 5
Indiana 5
Iowa 7
Kansas 7
Kentucky 4
Louisiana 6
Maine I
Ma r yland
Massachusetts I
Michigan S
Minnesota 5
Mississippi 4
Missouri 7
Montana 8
Nebraska 7
Nevada 9
New Hampshire ... I
New Jersey
New Mexico 6
New York 2
North Carolina 4
North Dakota 8
Ohio 5
Oklahoma 6
Oregon 10
Pennsylvania 3
Rhode Island T I
South Carolina 4
South Dakota 8
Tennessee 4
Texas 6
Utah 8
Vermont 1
Virginia
Washington 10
West Virginia 3
Wisconsin 5
Wyoming 8
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State Radon Contacts
Alaba ma District of Columbia Iowa Minnesota
Radiological Health DC Department of Bureau of Environmental Section of Radiation
Branch Consumer and Regulatory Health Control
Alabama Department of Affairs Iowa Department of Minnesota Department of
Public Health 614 H Street, NW, Roam Public Health Health
State Office Building 11)14 Lucas State Office P.O . Box 9441
Montgomery. AL 36130 Washington. DC 20001 Building 717 SE Delaware Street
(205) 261-5313 (202) 727-7728 Des Moines, IA Minneapolis! MN 55440
Alaska Florida 50319-0075 (612) 623-5350 or (800)
Alaska Department of Florida Office of (515) 281 7781 652-9747
Health and Social Radiation Control Kansas Mississippi
Services Building 18. Sunland Kansas Department of Division of Radiological
P.O. Box H-06F Center Health and Environment Health
Juneau, AK 99811-0613 P.O. Box 15490 Forbes Field, Building Mississippi Department
(907) 465-3019 Orlando, FL 32858 321 of Health
Arizona (305) 297-2095 Topeka. KS 66620-0110 P.O. Box 1700
Arizona Radiation Georgia (913) 362-9360 Ext. 288 Jackson, MS 39215-1700
Regulatory Agency Georgia Department of Kentucky (601) 354-6657
4814 South 40th Street Natural Resources Radiation Control Branch Missouri
Phoenix, AZ 85040 Environmental Protection Cabinet for Human Bureau of Radiological
(602) 255-4845 Division Resources Health
Arkansas 205 Butler Street. SE 275 East Main Street Missouri Deparment of
Division of Radiation Floyd Towers East, Suite Frankfort, KY 40621 Health
Control arid Emergency 1166 (502) 564-3700 1730 E. Elm, P .O. Box
Management Atlanta. GA 30334 Louisiana 570
Arkansas Department of (404) 656-6905 Louisiana Nuclear Energy Jefferson City, MO 65102
Health Hawaii Division (314) 751-6083
4815 W. Markham Street Environmental Protection P.O. Box 14690 Montana
Little Rock. AR and Health Services Baton Rouge. LA Occupational Health
72205-3867 Division 70898-4690 Bureau
(501) 661-2301 Hawaii Department of (504) 925-4518 Montana Department of
California Health Maine Health and
Indoor Quality Program 591 Ala Moana Division of Health Environmental Sciences
California Department of Boulevard Engineering Cogswel] Building A113
Health Services Honolulu. 111 96813 Maine Department of Helena, MT 59620
2151 Berkeley Way (808) 548-4383 Human Services (406) 444-3671
Berkeley, CA 94704 Idaho State House Station 10 Nebraska
(415) 540-2134 Radiation Control Section Augusta. ME 04333 Division of Radiological
Colorado Idaho Department of (207) 289-3826 Health
Radiation Control Health and Welfare Maryland Nebraska Department of
Division Statehouse Mall Radiation Control Health
Colorado Department of Boise, ID 83720 Department of the 301 Centennial Mall
Health (208) 334-5879 Environment South
4210 East 11th Avenue Illinois 7th Floor Nfailroom P.O. Box 95007
Denver, CO 80220 Illinois Department of 201 SV. Preston Street Lincoln, NE 68509
(303) 331-4812 Nuclear Safety Baltimore. MD 21201 (402) 471-2168
Office of Environmental (301) 333-3130 or (800) Nevada
Connecticut Safety 872-3666 Radiological Health
Connecticut Department 1035 Outer Park Drive Massachusetts Section
of Health Services Springfield, IL 62704 Radiation Control Health Division
Toxic Hazards Section (217) 546-8100 or Pro&am Nevada Department of
150 Washington Street (800) 225-1245 (in State) Massachusetts Human Resources
Hartford, CT 06106
Indiana Department of Public 505 East King Street,
(203) 566-8167 Division of Industrial Health Room 202
Delaware Hygiene and Radiological 23 Sen’ice Center Carson City, NV 89710
Division of Public Health Health North Hampton, MA (702) 885-5394
Delaware Bureau of Indiana State Board of 01060 New Hampshire
Environmental Health Health (413) 586-7525 or New Hampshire
P.O. Box 637 1330 %V. Michigan Street, (617) 727-6214 (Boston) Radiological Health
Dover, DE 19903 P.O. Box 1964 Michigan Program
(302) 736-4731 Indianapolis. IN Michigan Department of Health and Welfare
46206-1964 Public Health Building
(317) 633-0153 Division of Radiological 6 Hazen Drive
Health Concord, NH 03301-6527
3500 North Logan, P.O. (603) 271-4588
Box 30035
Lansing, M I 48909
(517) 335-8190
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New Jersey Ohio S. Dakota W. Virginia
New Jersey Department Radiological Health Office of Air Quality and Industrial Hygiene
of Environmental Program Solid Waste Division
Protection Ohio Department of South Dakota Dept. of West Virginia
380 Scotch Road, GN-411 Health Water & Natural Department of Health
Trenton, NJ 08625 1224 Kinnear Road Resources 151 1 1th Avenue
(609) 530-4000/4001 or Columbus, OH 43212 Joe Foss Building South Charleston, WV
(800) 648-0394 (in State) (614) 481-5800 or Room 217 25303
or (800) 523-4439 (in Ohio 523 E. Capita’ (304) 348-3526/3427
(201) 879-2062 (N. NJ only) Pierre, SD 57501-3181 Wisconsin
Radon Field Office) Oklahoma (605) 773-3153 Division of Health
New Mexico Radiation and Special Tennessee Section of Radiation
Surveillance Monitoring Hazards Service Division of Air Pollution Protection
Section Oklahoma State Dept. of Control Wisconsin Dept. of
New Mexico Radiation Health Custom House Health and Social
Protection Bureau P.O. Box 53551 701 Broadway Services
P.O. Box 968 Oklahoma City, OK Nashville. TN 5708 Odana Road
Santa Fe. NM 87504-0968 73152 37219-5403 Madison, WI 537j9
(505) 827-2957 t405) 271-5221 (615) 741-4634 (608) 273-5180
New York Oregon Texas Wyoming
Bureau of Environmental Oregon State Health Bureau of Radiation Radiological Health
Radiation Protection Department Control Services
New York State Health 1400 SW. 5th Avenue Texas Department of Wyoming Department of
Department Portland, OR 97201 Health Health and Social
Empire State Plaza. (503) 229-5797 1100 West 49th Street Services
Corning Tower Pennsylvania Austin, TX 78756-3 189 Hathway Building
Albany, NY 12237 Bureau (jf Radiation (512) 835-7000 4th Floor
(518) 473-3613 °‘ Protection Utah Cheyenne, WY
(800) 458-1158 (in State) Pennsylvania Department Bureau of Radiation 82002-0710
or of Environmental Control (307) 777-7956
(800) 342-3722 (NY Resources utah State Department of
Energy Research & PD. Box 2063 Health
Development Harrisburg, PA 17120 State Health Department
Authority ) (717) 787-2480 Building
N, Carolina Puerto Rico P.O. Box 16690
Radiation Protection Puerto Rico Radiological Salt Lake City, UT
Section Health Division 84116-0690
North Carolina GY.O. Call Box 70184 (801) 538-6734
Department of Human Rio Piedras, PR 00936 Vermont
Resources (809) 767-3563 Division of Occupational
701 Barbour Drive
Rhode Island and Radiological Health
Raleigh, NC 27603-2008 Division of Occupational Vermont Department of
(919) 733-4283 Health and Radiological Health
N. Dakota Control Administration Building
Division of Rhode Island Department 10 Baldwin Street
Environmental of Health Montpelier, VT 05602
Engineering 206 Cannon Bldg. (802) 828-2886
North Dakota State 75 Davis Street Virginia
Department of Health & Providence, RI 02908 Bureau of Radiological
Consolidated (401) 277-2438 Health
Laboratories
S. Carolina Department of Health
Missouri Office Building Bureau of Radiological 109 Governor Street
1200 Missouri Avenue,
Health Richmond, VA 23219
Room 304
P.O. Box 5520 South Carolina Dept. of (804) 786-5932 or (800)
Health and 468-0138 (in State)
Bismarck, ND
Environmental Control Washington
58502-5520
2600 Bull Street Environmental Protection
(701) 224-2348 Columbia, SC 29201 Section
(803) 734-470014631 Washington Office of
Radiation Protection
Thurston AirDustrial
Center
Building 5, LE-13
Olympia, WA 98504
(206) 753-5962
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