U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
LAKE MADISON
LAKE COUNTY
sanu DAKOTA
EPA REGION VIII
WORKING PAPER fta, 612
CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
699-440
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REPORT
ON
LAKE MADISON
LAKE COUNTY
SOUTH DAKOTA
EPA REGION VIII
WORKING PAPER No, 612
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AND THE
SOUTH DAKOTA NATIONAL GUARD
JANUARY, 1977
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1
CONTENTS
Page
Foreward ii
List of South Dakota Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Sumary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 9
V. Literature Reviewed 14
VI. Appendices 15
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11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration comitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [ 3O3(c)], clean lakes [ 3l4(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [ lO6 and §305(b)J activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
freshwater lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
t esearch & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the South Dakota Departments of
Environmental Protection and Game, Fish and Parks for professional
involvement, to the South Dakota National Guard for conducting the
tributary sampling phase of the Survey, and to those wastewater
treatment plant operators who voluntarily provided effluent samples.
Allyn Lockner, Secretary, and Blame Barker and Duane Murphy,
Department of Environmental Quality; Douglas Hansen, Department
of Game, Fish and Parks; and James Hayden, Director, State Lakes
Preservation Comittee provided invaluable lake documentation and
counsel during the Survey, reviewed the preliminary reports, and
provided critiques most useful in the preparation of this Working
Paper series.
Major General Duane L. Corning, the Adjutant General of South
Dakota, and Project Officer Colonel Robert D. Chalberg, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the South Dakota National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Albert Kingsbury
Alvin Lincoln
Angostura Fall River
Brant Lake
Byron Beadle
Clear Marshall
Clear Minnehaha
Cochrane Deuel
Cottonwood Spink
Deerfiel d Pennington
Enemy Swim Day
Herman Lake
John Hamlin
Kampeska Codington
Madison Lake
Mitchell Davidson
Norden Hamlin
East Oakwood Brookings
West Oakwood Brookings
Pactola Pennington
Pickerel Day
Poinsett Brookings, Lake
Red Iron South Marshall
Richmond Brown
Roy Marshall
Sand Brown
Sheridan Pennlngton
Stockdale Custer
East Vermillion McCook
Wall Minnehaha
Waubay Day
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t)
LAKES
0
x
?
HERMAN, MADISON, & BRANT
Tributary Sampling Site
Lake Sampling Site
Sewage Treatment Facility
L
I- I I I
0 I 2
I 1M1.
Scale
)
/
V /
Madison
12B1
Map Location
-. .
\
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LAKE MADISON
STORET NO. 4615
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data indicate that Lake Madison is eutrophic. It
ranked eighteenth in overall trophic quality when the 31 South
Dakota lakes sampled in 1974 were compared using a combination
of six water quality parameters*. Twenty-two of the lakes had
less median total phosphorus, twenty—one had less median dis-
solved orthophosphorus, seven had less median inorganic nitro-
gen, 14 had less mean chlorophyll a, and 14 had greater Secchi
disc transparency. Depression of dissolved oxygen with depth
occurred at station 2 in July.
Survey limnologists noted beds of submerged macrophytes in
July and September and blooms of algae in September. Heavy algal
blooms, sometimes causing unpleasant odors, usually occur in the
lake in July and August (Brashier et al., 1973).
B. Rate—Limiting Nutrient:
The algal assay results indicate the lake was limited by
nitrogen in April and September. The lake data indicate nitro-
gen limitation at all sampling times.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources-—During the year of sampling, the City of
Madison wastewater treatment plant contributed 51.3% of the
See Appendix A.
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2
total phosphorus load to Lake Madison, and lakeshore septic
tanks contributed an estimated l.2% of the total. The pro-
portion of the total phosphorus load attributed to the City of
Madison probably was greater during the year of sampling than
would be the case during a normal or average year because of
low stream flows in the sampling year (see page 9).
The phosphorus loading of 0.73 g/m 2 measured during the
sampling year is 7.3 times that proposed by Vollenweider (Vollen-
weider and Dillon, 1974) as a eutrophic loading (see page 13).
It is calculated that even complete removal of phosphorus at
the Madison treatment plant, or effluent diversion, would result
in a phosphorus load of 0.36 g/m 2 /yr, or nearly four times the
eutrophic loading. While such removal or diversion miqht reduce
the incidence and severity of nuisance algal blooms, primary pro-
duction in Lake Madison presently is markedly nitrogen—limited
(N/P ratios = 5/1 or less; see page 8), and it does not seem
likely that phosphorus removal at the Madison plant would cause
a shift to a phosphorus—limited condition in the lake, particularl
in view of the fact that upstream Lake Henhlan*, which is eutrophic
but not impacted by point-source nutrients, is also nitrogen-
limited (N/P ratios = 3/1 or less).
2. Non-point sources--The phosphorus contributions of non-
* Working Paper No. 609.
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3
point sources amounted to 47.5% of the total phosphorus load
during the sampling year. Park Creek contributed 45.0% of
the total , and the ungaged minor tributaries and immediate
drainage contributed an estimated 0.1%.
The phosphorus export rate of Park Creek was a high 16
kg/km 2 during the sampling year. In part, this may have
resulted from an underestimation of the Madison treatment
plant load; however, the treatment plant data (Appendix E)
appear to be typical of the degree of treatment provided. Also,
note that the phosphorus concentrations in Park Creek at station
B—i were consistently higher than those in the upstream treatment
plant effluent.
The high export rate of Park Creek at least in part probably
was due to agricultural runoff. In a previous report, it is
noted that feedlots in the drainage contribute to the nutrient
loads to lake Madison (Brashier et al., op. cit.).
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II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 11.33 kilometers 2 .
2. Mean depth: 3.0 meters.
3. Maximum depth: 6.1 meters.
4. Volume: 33.990 x 106 m 3 .
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 10.9 years.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix C for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Drainage Mean flow
Name area (km 2 )* ( m 3 /sec)*
Park Creek (at B-i) 235.7 0.090
Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage - 63.8 0.009
Totals 299.5 0.099
2. Outlet -
Unnamed Stream A—i 3i0.8** 0.099
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 51.6 centimeters.
2. Mean annual: 61.8 centimeters.
t Table of metric conversions--Appendix B.
tt Murphey, 1974.
* For limits of accuracy, see Working Paper No. 175, ‘.. .Survey Methods,
l973—l976 .
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 175.
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Lake Madison was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1974 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical para ieters were collected from two
or more depths at three stations on the lake (see map, page v).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (near bottom to surface)
sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton identification
and enumeration; and during the first and last visits, a single 18.9—
liter depth-integrated sample was composited for algal assays. Also
each time, a depth-integrated sample was collected from each of the
stations for chlorophyll a analysis. The maximum depths sampled were
2.7 meters at stations 1 and 2 and 2.1 meters at station 3.
The sampling results are presented in full in Appendix D and are
summarized in the following table.
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A. SUMMARY OF PNYSICAL ANI) CIIEMICAL CHA ACTE 1STICS FO ( MADISON LAP(E
STO ET CODE 4615
1ST SAM LING C 4/23/74) 2 ’ .t) SAMPLING C 7/12/74)
3 SITES 3 SITES 3 SITES
3 .J SAMPLING ( 9/20/74)
) A AMETER
RANGE
MEAN
MEDIAN
MANGE
MEAN
MEDIAN
MEAN
MEDIAN
TEMP (C)
10.0
— 10.6
10.3
10.2
24.8
— 26.6
25.6
25.5
16.5
16.7
16.6
16.6
DISS OXY (MG/U
10.6
io.e
10.8
10.8
3.0
— 10.0
4.8
3.
3.2
— 8.8
8.6
8.6
CNDCTVY (MC ’OMO)
1189.
— 1209.
1197.
1194.
17 55.
— 1817.
1775.
1770.
1455.
— 1468.
1462.
1461.
PM (STAND UNITS)
8.’
— 8.5
8.5
8.S
8.4
— 8.8
8.6
8.6
8.8
— 8.8
8.8
8.8
TOT ALK (M(,/L)
165.
166.
165.
165.
160.
— 167.
164.
164.
148.
— 152.
150.
151.
TOT P (MG/L)
0.092
— 0.123
0.103
0.099
0.548
— 0.724
0.619
0.603
0.232
— 0.270
0.248
0.246
ORTHO P (MG/L)
0.013
— 0.016
0.015
0.015
0.400
— 0.582
0.460
0.451
0.091
— 0.112
0.10’.
0.106
N02 .NO) (MG/L)
0.030
— 0.060
0.042
0.035
0.050
— 0.070
0.059
0.060
0.020
— 0.020
0.020
0.020
AMMONIA (MG/L)
0.020
— 0.050
0.032
0.030
1.130
— 1.670
1.381
1.385
0.030
— 0.040
0.035
0.035
KJEL N (MG/L)
1.300
- 1.400
1.367
1.400
3.200
— 4.000
3.587
3.600
2.300
— 2.600
2.450
2.400
INOPG N (MG/L)
0.050
— 0.110
0.073
0.065
1.190
— 1.730
1.440
1.450
0.050
— 0.060
0.055
0.055
TOTAL N (MG/L)
1.340
- 1.660
1 .40
1.430
3.250
— 4.060
3.646
3.665
2.320
— .62O
2.470
2.420
CHLRPYL A (UG/L)
11.9
— 17.1
1’..
12.9
0.4
— 3.4
1.5
0.7
50.5
— 55.5
52.3
50.8
SECCMI (METERS)
1.2
— 1.2
1.2
1.2
1.8
— 3.0
2.5
2.7
0.3
— 0.4
0.4
0.4
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B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling Dominant Algal Units
Date Genera per ml
04/23/74 1. Flagellates 58,722
2. Chroomonas a• 2,812
3. Ankistrodesmus . J2• 1,930
4. Osciflatoria p.. 827
5. Kirchneriella !p. 607
Other genera 2,150
Total 67,048
07/12/74 1. Ap hanizomenon • . 720
2. Schroederia 48
Total 768
09/20/74 1. Aphanizomenon . 10,641
2. Phormidium p. 1 ,205
3. Actinastrum p. 683
4. Cyclotella . 642
5. Oscillatoria 522
Other genera 2,931
Total 16,624
2. Chlorophyll a -
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a
Date Number ( pg/li
04/23/74 1 12.9
2 11.9
3 17.1
07/12/74 1 0.7
2 0.4
3 3.4
09/20/74 1 50.5
2 50.8
3 55.5
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8
Spike (mg/i )
Control
0.050 P
0.050 P + 1.0 N
1.0 N
Ortho P
Conc. (mg/i )
0.030
0.080
0.080
0.030
Inorganic N
Conc. (mg/i )
0.036
0.036
1.036
1.036
Maximum yield
( mg/i—dry wt. )
1.7
1.6
27.1
16.5
Spike (mg/i )
Control
0.050 P
0.050 P + 1.0 N
1.0 N
2. Discussion -
Inorganic N
Conc. (mg/i )
0.162
0.162
1.152
1.162
The control yields of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
cornutum , indicate that the potential primary productivity
of Lake Madison was moderately high at the times the samples
were collected (04/23/74 and 09/20/74). Also, significant
increases in yields with the addition of nitrogen alone
indicate that the lake was nitrogen limited at those times.
Note that the addition of phosphorus alone did not result in
yields significantly greater than the control yields.
The lake data also indicate nitrogen limitation; i.e.,
the mean inorganic nitrogen/orthophosphorus ratios were 5/i
or less at all sampling times.
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked -
a. April sample -
b. September sample -
Ortho P
Conc. (mg/l )
0.108
0.1 58
0.158
0. 108
Maximum yield
( mg/i-dry wt.1
4.7
5.3
22.4
19.0
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IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix E for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the South Dakota
National Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from
each of tile tributary sites indicated on the map (page v). Sampling
was begun in October, 1974, and was completed in September, 1975.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the
year of sampling and a “normalized” or average year were provided by
the South Dakota District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the
tributary sites nearest the lake.
Because the Park Creek flows measured by U.S.G.S. at station 8-1
(N = 15) were about 40% less than normal, the relatively constant
Madison treatment plant effluent flows accounted for about half of
the stream flow during the sampling year.
Under the above conditions, it would be expected that phosphorus
concentrations in the stream at station B—l would be higher than usual
during the sampling year, and this appears to be the case, although few
comparable data are available. Brashier et al. (1973) sampled Park Creek
at station B—l four times in 1970. The mean of the total phosphorus
concentrations in their samples was 2.11 mg/l (range of 0.61 to 3.44
mg/l), whereas the mean of the ten Survey samples was 4.64 (range of
1.10 to 10.80)
For the above reasons, the Survey data are not representative of
a normal or average year, so the nutrient loads shown are for the year
of sampling and were calculated using the mean of measured daily flows
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and the mean nutrient concentrations. It is recognized that this
results in the point-source loads comprising a greater proportion
of the total loads than would be the case in a normal year.
Nutrient load for the ungaged “minor tributaries and immediate
drainage” (tIZZhl of U.S.G.S.) were estimated using the mean concen-
trations in Park Creek at station B-2 and the mean annual ZZ flow.
There were no measurable flows in the outlet stream at station
A-l, and no samples were collected during the sampling year. There-
fore, essentially all of the nutrient inputs to the lake were retained
during the year of sampling.
The operator of the Madison wastewater treatpient plant provided
monthly composited effluent samples and corresponding flow data.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known nlunicipal* —
Pop. Mean Flow Receiving
Name Served Treatment ( m 3 /d) Water
Madison 6,315 tr. filter g,408.5 Park Creek
+ pond
2. Known industrial - None
* Treatment plant questionnaire.
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B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Year of Sampling:
1. Inputs —
kgP/ %of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Park Creek (at B-l) 3,720 45.0
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 10 0.1
c. Known municipal STP’s —
Madison 4,245 51.3
d. Septic tanks* - 95 1.2
e. Known industrial - None - -
f. Direct precipitation** — 200 2.4
Total 8,270 100.0
2. Outputs —
Lake outlet - Unnamed Stream A-l
3. Net annual P accumulation — 8,270 kg.
* Estimate based on 334 shoreline dwellings; see Working Paper No. 175.
** See Working Paper No. 175.
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C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Year of Sampling:
1. Inputs -
kgN/ %of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Park Creek (at B-i) 13,165 33.3
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 195 0.5
c. Known municipal STP’s -
Madison 10,395 26.3
d. Septic tanks* - 3,560 9.0
e. Known industrial - None - -
f. Direct precipitation** - 12,230 30.9
Total 39,545 100.0
2. Outputs —
Lake outlet - Unnamed Stream A—l -
3. Net annual N accumulation — 39,545 kg.
D. Mean Annual Non—point Nutrient Export by Suhdrainage Area:
Tributary kg P/kni 2 /yr N/km 2 /yr N/P ratio
Park Creek (at B-i) 16 56 3.5/1
Estimate based on 334 shoreline dwellings; see Working Paper No. 175.
** See Working Paper No. 175.
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E. Yearly Loads:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loadings
are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider
and Dillon, 1974). Essentially, his “dangerous” loading is
one at which the receiving water would become eutrophic or
remain eutrophic; his “permissible” loading is that which
would result in the receiving water remaining oligotrophic
or becoming oligotrophic if morphometry permitted. A meso-
trophic loading would be considered one between “dangerous”
and “permissible”.
Note that Vollenweider’s model may not be applicable to
water bodies with short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
grams/m 2 /yr 0.73 0.73 3.5 3.5
Vollenweider phosphorus loadings
(g/m 2 /yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Lake Madison:
“Dangerous” (eutrophic loading) 0.10
“Permissible” (oligotrophic loading) 0.05
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V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Brashier, Clyde K., Constance L. Churchill, and Gordon Leidahl,
1973. Effect of silt and silt removal in a prairie lake.
EPA—R3-73-037, O.R. & M., U.S. EPA, Wash., DC.
Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971. Problem lakes
in the United States. EPA Water Poll. Contr. Res. Ser., Proj.
16010 EHR, Wash., DC.
Murphey, Duane G., 1974. Personal communication (lake morphometry)
SD Dept. of Env. Prot., Pierre.
Petrie, Lester R., and L. Rodney Larson, 1966 (?). Quality of water
in selected lakes of eastern South Dakota. Rept. of mv. #1,
SD Water Res. Corn., Pierre.
Schmidt. Artwin E., 1967. Limnology of selected South Dakota lakes.
MS thesis, SD St. U., Brookings.
Vollenweider, R. A., and P. J. Dillon, 1974. The application of
the phosphorus loading concept to eutrophication research.
Natl. Res. Council of Canada Publ. No. 13690, Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario.
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Vi. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500- MEAN 15— MEDIAN
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P INORG N MEAN SEC CHLORA PUN DO DISS ORTHO P
4601 LAKE ALBERT 0.321 0.170 489.111 106.289 9.200 0.019
4602 ALVIN LAKE 0.067 0.973 462.833 4.709 9.400 0.017
4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 0.019 0.160 423.333 3.717 13.000 0.005
4604 BRANT LAKE 0.194 0.130 432.833 34.150 11.800 0.113
4605 LAKE BYRON 0.443 0.370 488.333 149.350 9.000 0.146
4606 CLEAR LAKE 0.027 0.075 430.167 11.983 8.800 0.009
4607 CLEAR LAKE 1.400 0.270 495.333 691.000 7.000 0.468
4608 COCHRANE LAKE 0.037 0.150 446.000 15.683 15.000 0.008
4609 COTTONwOOD LAKE 0.685 0.265 490.333 112.017 8.600 0.417
4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 0.033 0.080 303.333 3.653 15.000 0.022
4611 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 0.037 0.085 442.600 14.200 8.200 0.013
4612 LAKE HERMAN 0.340 - 0.155 485.000 58.733 8.600 0.174
4613 ST JOHN LAKE 0.348 0.080 489.400 120.880 9.800 0.025
4616 LAKE KAMPESKA 0.220 0.105 468.889 20.567 8.200 0.128
4615 MADISON LAKE 0.25 0.090 445.555 22.578 14.000 0.107
4616 LAKE MITCHELL 0.099 0.085 465.833 14.883 13.800 0.015
4617 LAKE NORDEN 0.256 0.165 488.667 46.800 10.000 0.050
4618 OAIcWOO() LAKE EAST 0.146 0.175 487.000 113.600 10.000 0.009
4619 OAKWOOD LAKE WEST 0.181 0.135 485.833 159.667 9.bOO 0.021
4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 0.011 0.070 248.444 1.478 11.000 0.006
4621 PICKEREL LAKE 0.049 0.095 439.833 15.833 9.600 0.009
4622 LAKE POINSETT 0.115 0.315 468.444 40.211 10.000 0.023
4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 0.042 0.110 430.333 6.883 7.600 0.010
4624 RICHMOND LAKE 0.187 0.150 410.000 18.467 10.000 0.144
4625 ROY LAKE 0.034 0.070 431.OC O 13.333 11.000 0.010
4626 SAND LAKE 0.489 0.110 471.800 65.790 12.800 0.288
‘627 SHERIDAN LAKE 0.053 0.105 394.030 15.433 15.000 0.016
4628 STOCKAtJE LAKE- 0.233 0.150 432.000 25.400 15.000 0.109
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500— MEAN iS— MEDIAN
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P INORG N MEAN SEC CHLORA MIN 00 DISS ORTHO P
4629 LAKE VERMILLION 0.211 0.100 472.833 1OC.800 9.200 0.092
4630 WALL LAKE 0.194 0.16 441.667 55.267 7.400 0.076
4631 WAUBAY LAKE NORTH 0.098 0.145 469.555 127.033 11.400 0.023
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500— MEAN 15— MEDIAN INDEX
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P ZNORG N MEAN SEC CHLORA MIN DO DISS ORTHO P NO
4601 LAKE ALBERT 20 C 6) 20 C 6) 10 C 3) 23 C 7) 68 ( 20) 60 C 18) 201
4602 ALVIN LAKE 67 C 20) 0 C 0) 57 C 17) 90 C 27) 63 C 19) 63 C 19) 340
4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 97 C 29) 30 ( 9) 87 C 26) 93 C 28) 20 C 6) 100 1 30) 427
4604 BRANT LAKE 40 C 12) 53 1 16) 70 C 21) 47 1 14) 27 1 8) 23 1 7) 260
4605 LAKE BYRON 10 1 3) 3 1 1) 17 C 5) 7 C 2) 73 C 22) 13 C 4) 123
4606 CLEAR LAKE 93 1 28) 93 C 28) 83 ( 25) 83 C 25) 77 1 23) 90 C 27) 519
4607 CLEAR LAKE 0 C 0) 10 ( 3) 0 C 0) 0 C 0) 100 C 30) 0 1 0) 110
4608 COCHRANE LAKE 83 C 25) 40 C 11) 50 C 15) 67 C 20) 5 C 0) 93 1 28) 338
4609 COTTONWOOD LAKE 3 C 1) 13 C 4) 3 C 1) 20 C 6) 82 C 24) 3 C 1) 124
4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 90 ( 27) 88 C 26) 97 C 29) 97 C 29) 5 C 0) 53 C 16) 430
4611 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 80 C 24) 82 C 24) 60 C 18) 77 ( 23) 88 C 26) 73 C 22) 460
4612 LAKE HERMAN 17 C 5) 33 ( 10) 27 C 8) 33 C 10) 82 C 24) 10 C 3) 202
4613 ST JOHN LAKE 13 C 4) 88 C 26) 7 C 2) 13 C 4) 53 C 16) 43 C 13) 217
4614 LAKE KAMPESKA 33 C 10) 65 1 19) 40 C 12) 57 C 17) 88 C 26) 20 C 6) 303
4615 MADISON LAKE 27 C 8) 77 C 23) 53 C 16) 53 ( 16) 13 C 4) 30 C 9) 253
4616 LAKE MITCHELL 60 1 18) 82 C 24) 47 ( 14) 73 C 22) 17 C 5) 70 C 21) 349
4617 LAKE NOFIDEN 23 C 7) 23 ( 7) 13 ( 4) 40 C 12) 45 C 12) 40 ( 12) 184
4618 OAKWOOC) LAKE EAST 53 C 16) 17 C 5) 20 ( 6) 17 C 5) 45 C 12) 85 C 25) 237
4619 OAKW000 LAKE WEST 50 C 15) 50 C 15) 23 C 7) 3 C 1) 58 C 17) 57 1 17) 241
4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 100 C 30) 98 C 29) 100 ( 30) 100 C 30) 35 ( 10) 97 C 29) 530
4621 PICKEREL LAKE 73 C 22) 73 C 22) 67 C 20) 63 C 19) 58 C 17) 85 C 25) 419
4622 LAKE POINSETT 57 C 17) 7 1 2) 43 C 13) - 43 C 13) 45 C 12) 47 C 14) 242
4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 77 C 23) 58 ( 17) 80 C 24) 87 C 26) 93 C 28) 78 ( 23) 473
4624 RICHMOND LAKE 47 C 14) 40 C 11) 90 C 27) 60 C 18) 45 C 12) 17 C 5) 299
4625 ROY LAKE 87 C 26) 98 C 29) 77 C 23) 80 C 24) 35 C 10) 78 C 23) 455
4626 SAND LAKE 7 C 2) 58 C 17) 33 ( 10) 30 C 9) 23 C 7) 7 C 158
4627 SHERIDAN LAKE 70 C 21) 65 C 19) 93 C 2b) 7Q ( 21) 5 C 0) 67 C 20) 370
4628 STOCKADE LAKE. 30 C 9) 40 C 11) 73 C 22) 50 C 15 5 ( 0) ‘27 C 8) 225
-------
MEAN 15- MEDIAN INDEX
CHLORA HIN DO DISS ORTHO P NO
27 ( 8) 68 ( 20) 33 ( 10) 265
37 ( 11) 97 ( 29) 37 ( 11) 304
10 C 3) 30 ( 9) 50 ( 15) 237
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES wITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500—
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P ItIORG N MEAN SEC
4629 LAKE VERMILLION 37 ( 11) 70 C 21) 30 ( 9)
463(1’ WALL LAKE 43 ( 13) 27 ( 8) 63 C 19)
4631 WAUBAY LAKE NORTH 63 ( 19) 47 C 14) 37 C 11)
-------
LAKES RANKED BY INDEX NOS.
RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAME INDEX NO
I 4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 530
2 4606 CLEAR LAKE 519
3 4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 473
4 46J1 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 460
S 4625 ROY LAKE 455
6 4610 OEERFIELO RESERVOIR 430
7 4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 427
8 4621 PICKEREL LAKE 419
9 4627 SHERIDAN LAKE 370
10 4616 LAKE MITCHELL 349
11 4602 ALVIN LAKE 340
12 4608 COCHRANE LAKE 338
13 4630 WALL LAKE 304
14 4614 LAKE KAMPESKA 303
15 4624 RICHMOND LAKE 299
16 4629 LAKE VERHILLION 265
17 4604 BRANT LAKE 260
18 4615 MADISON LAKE 253
19 4622 LAKE POINSETT 242
20 4619 OAKWOOD LAKE WEST 241
21 4631 WAUBAY LAKE NOHTH 237
22 4616 OAKWOOD LAKE EAST 237
23 4628 STOCKADE LAKE 225
24 4613 ST JOHN LAKE 217
25 4612 . LAKE HERMAN ?02
26 4601 LAKE ALBERT 201
27 4617 LAKE NOROEN 1P4
28 4626 SAND LAKE 158
-------
LAKES RANKED BY INDEX NOS.
RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAME INDEX NO
29 4609 COTTONWOOD LAKE 124
30 4605 LAKE BYRON 123
31 4607 CLEAR LAKE 110
-------
APPENDIX B
CONVERSION FACTORS
-------
CONVERSION FA(;TORS
Hectares x 2.471 = acres
Kilometers x 0.6214 miles
Meters x 3.281 = feet
Cubic meters x 8.107 x lb 4 = acre/feet
Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles
Cubic meters/sec x 35.315 = cubic feet/sec
Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches
Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds
Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = lbs/square mile
-------
APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR SOUTrl DAKOTA
05/03/76
E CODE 4615
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE(SQ KM)
310.8
SUP-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY
JAN
F£B
APR
MAY
NORMALIZED FLOrfS(CMS)
JUN J'JL AUG
SEP
OCT
4615AI
4615B1
461562
4615ZZ
310.8
235.7
333.1
75,1
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.0
0.023
0.028
0.026
0.0
0.028
0.057
0.057
0.0
0.255
0.227
0.227
0.057
0,3*0
0.283
0.283
0.028
0.193
0.170
0.170
0.028
0.142
0.113
0.113
0.0
0.057 0.028 0.028
0.057 0.028 0.028
0.057 0.028 0.028
0.0 0.0 0.0
NOV
0.023
0.028
0.028
0.0
DEC
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.0
MEAN
0.099
0.090
0.090
0.009
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW OAY
4615A1
4615B1
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
74
74
74
75
75
75
7S
75
75
75
75
75
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.023
0.023
0.020
0.023
0.014
0.023
0.023
0.071
0.085
0.099
0.085
0.071
11
2
7
18
8
1
12
30
9
13
25
6
12
2
7
ie
8
i
12
18
9
13
25
6
SUMMARY
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE = 310.9
SUM OF SUB-ORAINAGE AREAS = 543.9
TOTAL FLOW IN
TOTAL FLOW OUT
2.27
1.19
FLOW DAY
FLOW OAY
FLOW
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.023
0.023
0.017
0.023
0.008
0.020
0.023
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
23
2b
30
23
26
0.0
o.o
0.065
0.085
0.08S
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TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR SOUTrI DAKOTA 05/03/76
LAPcE CODE 4615 MADISON
t (AN MONT -lLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMS,
TRI.3UTARY MONTM YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY FLOW 041 FLOW DAY FLOW
4615 2 10 74 0.000 12 0.000
11 74 3.000 2 0.000
12 74 0.0 7 0.0
1 75 0.0 1 0.0
2 75 0.0 e 0.0
3 75 0.0 1 0.0
4 75 0.003 12 0.003
5 75 0.004 18 0,004 30 0.004
6 75 0.003 9 0.003 23 0.003
7 75 0.003 13 0.003 26 0.003
8 75 0.003 25 0.003
9 75 0.003 6 0.001
6615ZZ 10 74 0.0
11 74 0.0
12 74 0.0
1 75 0.0
2 75 0.0
3 75 0.0
4 75 0.014
5 75 0.014
6 75 0.014
7 75 0.0
8 75 0.0
9 75 0,0
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APPENDIX D
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/03
461501
44 56 57.0 097 00 03.0 3
MADISON L 'KE
46079 SOUTH DAKOTA
090791
11EPALES 2111202
0011 FEET DtPTrt CLASS 00
DATE TIME DEPTH
FROM OF
TO DAY FEET
74/0^/23 15 05 0000
15 05 0002
15 05 0008
74/07/12 15 45 0000
15 45 0003
15 45 0007
74/09/20 10 30 0000
10 30 0009
DATE TIME DEPTH
FROM OF
TO DAY FEET
74/04/23 IS 05 0000
IS 05 0008
74/07/12 15 45 0000
15 45 0003
15 45 0007
15 45 0011
74/09/20 10 30 0000
10 30 0002
10 30 0004
10 30 0005
10 30 0009
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
10.1
10.1
10.0
25.9
25.7
25.4
16.5
16.5
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.09?
0.102
0.598
0.548
0*600
0.232
0.244
00300
00
MG/L
10.6
3.4
10.0
6.2
8.8
8.6
32217
CHLRPHYL
A
UG/C
12.9
0.7
50.5
00077 00094 00400 004VO 00610 00625 00630 00671
TRAN5P CW3UCTVY PH T ALK NH3-N TOT KJEL N02&.N03 PHOS-DIS
SECCHI FIELD CAC03 TOTAL N N-TOTAL ORTrtO
INCHES MICROMHO SU
48
72
16
00031
INCDT LT
REMNING
PERCENT
1.0
50.0
5.0
1.0
1194 8.40
1194
1189 8.40
1775 8.80
1775 8.70
1760 8.70
1461 8. 61
1455 8.83
MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P
165 0.050 1.400 0.060 0.016
165 0.020 1.400 0.030 0.015
167 1.140 3.200 0.050 0.441
166 1.130 3.200 0.060 0.414
163 1.150 3.200 0.060 0.400
1S1 0,030 2.400 0.020K 0.112
151 0.040 2.400 0.020K 0.107
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/03
461502
44 57 42.0 097 01 16.0 3
MADISON _APcE
46O7’ SOUTH DAKOTA
090791
1 IEPALES 2111202
0011 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER DO TRANSP CNDUCTVy P 14 T ALK NH3—N TOT KJEL N02&N03
FROM OF TEMP SEcCI41 FIELD CACO3 TOTAL N N-TOTAL ORTriO
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MICROMPID SIi MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P
74/04/23 15 20 0000 10.3 4 1190 8.50 166 0.020 1.400 0.030 0.015
15 20 0002 10.3 10.8 1196
15 20 0008 10.2 10.8 1193 8.50 165 0.040 1.300 0.060 0.015
74/07/12 15 30 0000 26.6 6.0 120 1792 8.60 160 1.330 3.500 0.060 0.434
15 30 0003 25.’. 3.4 1764 8.60 164 1.650 4.000 0.060 0.582
15 30 0007 24.8 3,2 1755 8.40 165 1.540 3.900 0.050 0.464
74/09/20 10 10 0000 16.6 8.6 17 1461 8.83 152 0.040 2.600 0.020K 0.105
10 10 0009 16.5 8.2 1460 8.83 150 0.030 2.400 0.020I 0.107
00665 32217 00031
DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS—TOT CHLRPHYL INCDT LT
FROM OF A REMNING
TO DAY FEET MG/L P UG/L PERCENT
74/04/23 15 20 0000 0.097 11.9
15 20 0008 0.096
74/07/12 15 30 0000 0.606 0.4
15 30 0003 0.666
15 30 0007 0.724
15 30 0011 1.0
74/09/20 10 10 0000 0.241 50.8
10 10 0002 50.0
10 10 0004 5.0
10 10 0005 1.0
10 10 0009 0.252
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/03
46L 03
44 58 20.0 097 02 36.0 3
MADISON LAKE
46079 SOUTH DAKOTA
090791
1IEPALES 2111202
0009 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671
DATE TIME DEPTH lATER DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALK NH3-N TOT KJEL N02&N03 PHOS—OIS
FROM OF TEMP SECCHI FIELD CACO3 TOTAL N N—TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MICROMHO SU MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P
74/04/23 15 35 0000 10.6 10.8 68 1209 8.50 165 0.040 1.300 0.040 0.014
15 35 0005 10.6 10.8 1208 8.50 166 0.020 1.400 0.030 0.013
74/07/12 15 10 0000 25.7 3.0 108 1817 8.40 163 1.670 4.000 0.060 0.485
15 10 0005 25.1 3.6 1760 8.60 162 1.440 3.700 0.070 0.462
74/09/20 10 00 0000 16.7 8.6 13 1468 8.80 150 0.040 2.600 0.020K 0.091
10 00 0007 16.6 8.6 1467 8.80 148 0.030 2.300 0.020K 0.105
00665 32217 00031
DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS—TOT CHLRPHYL INCDT LT
FROM OF A REPINING
TO DAY FEET MG/L P UG/L PERCENT
74/04/23 15 35 0000 0.109 17.1
15 35 0005 0.123
74/07/12 15 10 0000 0.632 3.4
15 10 0005 0.580
15 10 0009 1.0
74/09/20 10 00 0000 0.248 55.5
10 00 0002 50.0
10 00 0003 5.0
10 00 0004 1.0
10 00 0007 0.270
K VALUE KNOWN TO dE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
APPENDIX E
TRIBUTARY AND WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
ST3RET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/04
4615b1
43 58 22.0 097 0 18.0 4
AR CRELK
1.5 Lr( ‘4ADISON
T/HADISON LAKE 091292
SO i Y 19 3- OG 3.5 MI SE OF MADISON
11EPALES 211120.
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00630 00625 0o 10 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2 NO3 TOT KJEL NPI3N PrIOSOIS Pp-iOS—TOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL N TOTAL 0P Tr1O
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L
74/10/12 09 13 0.264 1O.OCO 6.900 1.950 a.00 0
74/U/02 14 00 0.905 13.000 9.700 3.600 4.600
74/12/07 14 45 5.580 15.000 12.000 4.070 5.200
75/02/08 15 00 0.025 28.000 21.000 7.900 10.800
75/03/01 13 40 0.950 22.000 1 .500 6.900 9.700
75/04/12 14 20 2.100 3.200 1.650 1.150 1.25C
75/05/18 13 30 0.800 7.920 5.200 2.050
75/05/30 10 15 1.000 6.400 4.600 2.500 2.700
75/06/09 11 00 0.680 5.500 3.150 1.570 2.600
75/07/13 13 15 0.690 3.700 0.740 1.100
75/07/26 15 30 0.085 23.000 4.300 2.700 4.400
-------
STO, ET ETPIEVAL DATE 76/05/04
461 5 2
59 33.0 097 05 32.0 4
PAP CREE -
46 7.5 Lr< MADISON
I/MADISON LAKE 0912 2
bANK SAMP’ E JuST ABOvE MADISON SIP
11E?ALES 211120’+
0000 FEET DEPTr1 CLASS 00
00630 00625 0 610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH N02&NO3 TOT KJEL NH3—N PriOS—DIS PpiO —TOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL N TOTAL OPIMO
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L HG/L MG/L P MG/L P
74/10/12 08 45 0.016 0.700 0.095 0.012 0.060
74/11/02 14 20 0.008 0.500 0.075 0.015 0.040
75/04/12 14 30 0.065 1.150 0.340 0.015 0.055
75/05/18 13 00 0.010 0.400 0.103 0.010 0.035
75/05/30 10 00 0.005 0.300 0.110 0.010 0.010
75/06/09 11 30 0.045 1.515 0.620 0.045
75/Ob/23 13 00 0.020 0.450 0.100 0.025 0.040
75/07/13 13 30 0.010 0.300 0.055 0.010 0.040
75/07/26 15 00 0.005 0.700 0.060 0.005 0.050
75/09/06 14 30 0.050 0.700 0.055 0.015 0.060
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/04
46158A TF4b I5BA P006315
43 59 30.0 097 05 30.0 4
MAO ISON
46 7.5 LAKE MADJ ON
T/LAKE MADISON 091292
PAPr( CREE
11EPALES 2141204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 50051 50053
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2bNO3 TOT KJEL N 13-N PHOS—DIS PHOS—TOT FLOW CONDUIT
FROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO RATE FLOW—MGD
TO DAY FEET 146/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P INST MGD MONTHLY
75/01/22 09 00
CP(T)— 3.120 18.000 0.400K 9.700 0.512 0.520
75/01/22 15 00
75/02/25 09 00
CP(T)— 0.080 0.470 0.528 0.510
75/02/26 09 00
65/03/18 09 00
CP(T)— 2.640 14.000 8.000 8.000 0.637 0.550
75/03/18 03 00
75/04/16 09 00
CP(T)— 1.650 8.500 0.780 4.700 4.700 0.815 0.675
75/04/17 03 00
75/05/13 09 00
CP(T)— 1.100 8.600 0.250 3.600 3.600 0.800 0.750
75/05/14 03 00
75/06/04 09 00
CP(T)— 1.550 10.500 0.160 3.000 4.000 0.700 0.700
75/06/05 03 00
75/07/01 09 00
CP(T)— 0.225 10.500 2.100 2.030 2.500 0.728 0.690
75/07/02 03 00
75/08/27 09 00
CP(T)— 0.875 5.100 0.025K 1.375 d.900 0.822 0.750
75/08/28 03 00
75/09/16 09 00
CP(T)— 0.825 9.200 0.100 1.450 2.300 0.719 0.650
75/09/17 03 00
75/10/08 09 00
CP(T)— 1.500 8.200 0.025K 3.400 4.500 0.650 0.625
75/10/08 20 00
75/11/03 08 00
CP(T)— 2.880 9.700 0.425 4.300 4.700 0.694 0.650
75/11/03 20 00
75/12/03 09 00
CP(T) 6.300 8.000 3.900 5.400 5.400 0.566 0.550
75/12/03 19 00
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/05/04
46 156A TF4b I5BA P006315
43 59 30.0 097 05 30.0 4
MAD I SON
46 7.5 LAKE MADISON
1/LAKE MADISON 091292
PARK CREEK
1IEPALES 2141204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00630 0062S 00610 00671 00665 50051 50053
DATE TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL NH3—N Pr4OS—DIS PHOS—TOT FLOW CONDUIT
FROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO RATE FLOW-MGD
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L HG/L MG/L P MG/L P INST MGD MONTHLY
76/01/13 08 00
CP(T)— 10.000 7.900 8.700 0.567 0.525
76/01/13 19 00
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