Report on Roy Lake, Marshall County, South Dakota, EPA Region VIII


           U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
               NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
                        WORKING PAPER SERIES
                                            REPORT
                                              ON
                                           PDYLAKE
                                         MARSHALL COUNTY
                                          SOUTH DAKOTA
                                         EPA RERQN VIII
                                      WORKING PAPER No, 622
     CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY - CORVALLIS, OREGON
                                and
    ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
•&G.P.O. 699-440

-------
                                        REPORT
                                          ON
                                       ROY LAKE
                                    MARSHALL CQUH1Y
                                     SOUTH DAKOTA
                                    EPA REFION VIII
                                WORKING PAPER No, 622
           WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONNENTAL PROTECTION
                     AND THE
           SOUTH DAKOTA NATIONAL GUARD
                  JANUARY/ 1977

-------
1
CONTENTS
Page
Foreward ii
List of South Dakota Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 1
III. Lake Water Quality Sumary 3
IV. Nutrient Loadings 4
V. Literature Reviewed 8
VI. Appendices 9

-------
11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration comitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [ 3O3(c)], clean lakes [ 3l4(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [ lO6 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.

-------
111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
freshwater lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the South Dakota Departments of
Environmental Protection and Game, Fish and Parks for professional
involvement, to the South Dakota National Guard for conducting the
tributary sampling phase of the Survey, and to those wastewater
treatment plant operators who voluntarily provided effluent samples.
Allyn Lockner, Secretary, and Blame Barker and Duane Murphy,
Department of Environmental Quality; Douglas Hansen, Department
of Game, Fish and Parks; and James Hayden, Director, State Lakes
Preservation Comittee provided invaluable lake documentation and
counsel during the Survey, reviewed the preliminary reports, and
provided critiques most useful in the preparation of this Working
Paper series.
Major General Duane L. Corning, the Adjutant General of South
Dakota, and Project Officer Colonel Robert 0. Chalberg, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the South Dakota National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.

-------
iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Albert Kingsbury
Alvin Lincoln
Angostura Fall River
Brant Lake
Byron Beadle
Clear Marshall
Clear Minnehaha
Cochrane Deuel
Cottonwood Spink
Deerfield Pennington
Enemy Swim Day
Herman Lake
John Hamlin
Kampeska Codington
Madison Lake
Mitchell Davidson
Norden Hamlin
East Oakwood Brookings
West Oakwood Brookings
Pactola Pennington
Pickerel Day
Poinsett Brookings, Lake
Red Iron South Marshall
Richmond Brown
Roy Marshall
Sand Brown
Sheridan Penninyton
Stockdale Custer
East Vermillion McCook
Wall Minnehaha
Waubay Day

-------
ROY LAKE
Lake Sampling
Map Location
4&41—
4542 —
9725’

-------
ROY LAKE
STORET NO. 4625
I. INTRODUCTION
Roy Lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey as a
water body of interest to the South Dakota Departments of Environmental
Protection and Game, Fish and Parks. Tributaries and nutrient sources
were not sampled, and this report relates only to the lake sampling data.
II. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data indicate that Roy Lake is eutrophic. It ranked
fifth in overall trophic quality when the 31 South Dakota lakes
sampled in 1974 were compared using a combination of six param-
eters*. Four lakes had less median total phosphorus, six had
less and one had the same median dissolved orthophosphorus, none
had less and one had the same median inorganic nitrogen, six
had less mean chlorophyll a, and seven had greater mean Secchi
disc transparency.
Survey limnologists noted large numbers of macrophytes around
the shoreline at all sampling times and an algal bloom in
progress in September.
B. Rate—L.imiting Nutrient:
Because of nutrient level changes during shipment from the
field to the laboratory, the algal assay results are not indicative
of conditions in the lake at the times the samples were collected
(04/29/74 and 09/18/74).
* See Appendix A .

-------
2
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation at sampling
station 1 and nitrogen limitation at station 2 in April and
nitrogen limitation at both stations in September.

-------
3
III. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICSt
A. Lake Morphometrytt:
1. Surface area: 6.85 kilometers 2 .
2. Mean depth: 3.3 meters*.
3. Maximum depth: 5.6 meters.
4. Volume: 22.605 x 106 m 3 .
B. Precipitation**:
1. Year of sampling: 36.7 centimeters.
2. Mean annual: 56.2 centimeters.
± Table oT metric equivalents--Appendix B.
±1- Murphey, 1974.
* Determined by random dot method.
** See Working Paper No. 175, “...Survey Methods, 1973—1976”.

-------
4
IV. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Roy Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1974 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from
two stations on the lake and from two or more depths at each station
(see map, page v). During each visit, a single depth-integrated
(near bottom to surface) sample was composited from the stations
for phytoplankton identification and enumeration; and during the
first and third visits, 18.9-liter depth-integrated samples were
composited for algal assays. Also each time, a depth-integrated
sample was collected from each of the stations for chlorophyll a
analysis. The maximum depth sampled at each station was 4.0 meters.
The sampling results are presented in full in Appendix C and
are summarized in the following table (the July nutrient samples
were not preserved properly and were not analyzed).

-------
4. SUMMARY OF PNYSICAL AND CHEMICAL Cr4ARACTEPISTICS FOR OY LAIcE
STOPET CODE .625
1ST SAMPLING ( 4/29/74)
2 SITES
2Nu SAMPLING ( 7/10/74)
2 SITES
3 D SAMPLING ( ‘ /18/74)
2 SITES
PARAMETER
RANGE
MEAN
MEDIAN
( ANGE MEAN MEDIAN
RANGE
MtAN
MEDIAN
TEMP (C)
11.1
— 11.6
11.3
11.3
23.3
— 25.9 25.0 25.4
1’..6
— 14.9
14.8
14.8
DISS OXY (MG/L)
9.4
— 10.2
9.8
9.8
4.0
— 9.2 7.5 8.7
9.2
— 10.0
9.
9.5
CNDCTVY (MCROMOI
954•
— 959
958
959.
1535.
— 1609. 1581. 1596.
1145.
— 1157.
1152.
1152.
PH (STAND UNITS)
8.
— 8.6
8.5
8.5
8.8
— 9.1 9.0 9.0
8.9
— 9.0
9.0
9.0
TOT ALK (HG/L
256.
— 266.
261.
262.
O*Q***
* ******• *******Ø** *
420.
— 550.
483.
480.
TOT P (MG/L)
0.021
— 0.041
0.029
0.028
* **O
**O******900****Q*****
0.043
— 0.053
0.047
0.045
ORTHO P (MG/L)
0.005
— 0.016
0.009
0.007
*QG***
*QD********D****GQo**a
0.010
— 0.021
0.0 14
0.0 12
N02.N03 (MG/L)
0.030
— 0.170
0.078
0.070
******
—••°•°• °°••° • ••••
0.020
— 0.020
0.020
0.020
AMMONIA (MG/L)
0.020
— 0.050
0.033
0.030
******
***** Q******O•****•
0.030
— 0.050
0.040
O.0 .0
KJEL N (MGIL)
1.600
— 1.900
1.750
1.750
°° °
2.000
— 2.800
2.300
2.100
INORG N (MG/L)
0.050
— 0.210
0.112
0.105
°°°°°°
*D******Q*O **O*Q*Q**
0.050
— 0.070
0.060
0.060
TOTAL N (MG/L)
1.630
— 1.990
1.828
1.825
**°***
2.020
— 2.820
2.320
2.120
CHLRPYL A (UG/L)
3.8
— 5.6
4.7
4.7
19.5
— 24.1 21.8 21.8
12.8
— 14.2
13.5
13.s
SECCMI (METERS)
1.7
— 1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
— 2.2 2.0 2.0
1.6
— 1.6
1.6
U

-------
6
Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton —
Sampling Dominant Algal Units
Date Genera per ml
04/29/74 1. Chroomonas . 1 ,633
2. Synedra 907
3. Centric diatoms 272
4. Cryptomonas n. 272
5. Fragilaria !E• 181
Other genera 182
Total 3,447
07/10/74 1. Aphanothece a• 1,837
2. Fragilaria 1,225
3. Oocystis p. 700
4. Anabaena j. 262
5. Chroomonas p. 262
Other genera 351
Total 4,637
09/18/74 1. Fragilaria 5,635
2. Flicrocystis . a• 1,120
3. Chroomonas .2.• 700
4. Aphanizomenon 630
5. Ilelosira . 455
Other genera 1 ,226
Total 9,766
2. Chlorophyll a -
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a
Date Number ( pg/i )
04/29/74 1 5.6
2 3.8
07/10/74 1 24.1
2 19.5
09/18/74 1 12.8
2 14.2

-------
7
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
Significant changes in nutrient levels occurred in the
assay samples between the time of collection and the beginning
of the assays, and the results are not indicative of conditions
in the lake at the times the samples were taken (4/29/74 and
9/18/74).
The April lake data indicate phosphorus limitation at station
1 and nitrogen limitation at station 2 (the mean inorganic
nitrogen to orthophosphorus ratios were 14 to 1 and 10 to 1,
respectively). In September, both stations were nitrogen
limited (the mean inorganic nitrogen to orthophosphorus ratios
were 6 to 1 or less).

-------
8
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Murphey, Duane G., 1974. Personal comunication (lake morphometry).
SD Dept. of Env. Prot., Pierre.
Petri, Lester R., and L. Rodney Larson, 1966(?). Quality of water
in selected lakes of eastern South Dakota. Rept. of Inv. #1,
SD Water Res. Corn., Pierre.
Schmidt, Artwin E., 1967. Limnology of selected South Dakota lakes.
MS thesis, SD St. U., Brookings.

-------
9
Vi. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS

-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS -
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500 — MEAN 15— MEDIAN
CODE LAKE NA’ E TOTAL P INO G N MEAN SEC C 1LORA MIN DO 0155 ORTHO
4601 LAKE ALBERT 0.321 0.170 ‘.89.111 106.289 9.200 0.019
4602 ALVIN LAKE 0.067 0.973 442.833 4.700 9.400 0.017
‘.603 ANSOSTURA RESERVOIR 0.019 0.160 ‘.23.333 3.717 13.000 0.005
4604 B ANT LAKE 0.194 0.130 432.833 34.150 11.800 0.113
4605 LAKE BYRON 0.443 0.370 488.333 149.350 9.000 0.146
4606 CLEAR LAKE 0.027 u.075 430.167 11.983 8.800 0.009
4601 CLEAR LAKE 1.400 0.270 495.333 691.000 7.000 0.468
4608 COCMRANE LAKE 0.037 0.150 446.000 15.683 15.000 0.008
4609 COTTONWOOD LAKE 0.685 0.365 490.333 112.017 8.600 0.417
4610 DEEFWIELO RESERVOIR 0.033 0.080 303.333 3.650 15.000 0.022
‘.611 ENEMY SWIW LAKE 0.037 0.085 442.600 14.200 8.200 0.013
4612 LAKE HERMAN 0.340 0.155 485.000 58.733 8.600 0.174
4613 ST JOt -iN LAKE 0.34 i 0.080 489.400 120.880 9.800 0.025
4614 LAKE KAMPESKA 0.220 0.105 468.889 23,567 8.200 0.128
4615 MADISON LAKE 0.25) 0.090 445.555 22.578 14.000 0.107
4616 LAKE MITCHELL 0.099 0.085 465.833 14.883 13.800 0.015
4617 LAKE NOPDEN 0.256 0.165 488.667 46.800 10.000 0.050
4618 OA 
-------
LAcE OATA TO BE USEO IN RANKINGS
LAKE
MEDIAN
MEDIAN
5G0—
MEAN
IS—
MEDIAN
CODE
LAKE
NAME
TOTAL P
INOR’, N
MEAN SEC
C LO A
MIN DO
DISS O TNO P
4629
LAKE
VERMILL [ O’1
0.211
0.100
472.833
100.800
9.200
0.092
4630
WALL
LAKE
0.194
0.160
441.657
55.267
7.400
0.07
4631
WAU6AY LA? E NOPT’-t
0.09 3
0.145
469.555
127.033
11.400
0.023
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WIrri HIGHER VALUES fNU IBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500— MEAN 15— MEDIAN INDEX
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P INOPO N MEAN SEC CPILORA MIN 00 DISS OF4THO P NO
4601 LAKE ALBERT 20 ( f ) 20 ( 6) 10 C 3) 23 C 7) 68 C 20) 60 18) 201
4602 ALVIN LAKE 67 ( 20) 0 C 0) 57 C 17) 90 C 7) 63 ( 19) 63 C 19) 3 .0
4603 ANGOSTIJPA RESE V0IP 97 C 29) 30 C 9) 87 1 26) 93 C 28) 20 6) 100 1 30) 427
4604 BRANT LAKE 40 ( 12) 53 C 16) 70 C 21) 47 C 14) 27 C 8) 23 C 7) 260
4605 LAKE BYRON 10 1 3) 3 C 1) 17 ( 5) 7 C 2) 73 C 22) 13 C 4) 123
4606 CLEAR LAKE 93 C 28) 93 1 28) 83 C 25) 83 1 25) 77 ( 23) 90 C 27) 51
4607 CLEAR LAKE 0 1 0) 10 C 3) 0 C 0) 0 C 0) 100 ( 30) 0 C 0) 110
4608 COC’IRANE LAKE 83 1 25) 40 C 11) 50 C 15) 7 C 20) 5 1 0 93 C 28) 338
4609 COTTONwOOD LAKE 3 C 1) 13 C 4) 3 C 1) 20 ( 6) 82 ( 24) 3 C 1) 124
4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 90 C 27) 88 ( 26) 97 C 29) 97 C 29) 5 1 0) 53 C 16) 430
4611 ENEMY sWIM LArcE 80 C 24) 82 ( 24) 60 C id) 77 ( 23) 88 C 26) 73 1 22) 460
4612 LAKE HERMAN 17 C 5) 33 C 10) 27 C 8) 33 C 10) 82 ( 24) 10 ( 3) 202
4613 ST JOHN LAKE 13 ( 4) 88 C 26) 7 C 2) 13 C 4) 53 C 16) 43 C 13) 217
4614 LAKE KAMPESKA 33 C 10) 65 C 19) 40 C 12) 57 C 17) 88 C ,26) 20 C 6) 303
4615 MADISON LAKE 27 1 8) 77 C 23) 53 C 16) 53 C 16) 13 1 4) 30 1 9) 253
4616 LAKE MITCHELL 60 ( 18) 82 C 24) 47 C 14) 73 C 22) 17 C 5) 70 C 21) 349
4617 LAKE NORDEN 23 C 7) 23 C 7) 13 C 4) 40 C 12) 45 C 12) 40 ( 12) 184
4618 OAKWOOI’) LAKE EAST 53 1 16) 17 C 5) 20 ( 6) 17 ( 5) 45 C 12) 85 C 25) 237
4619 OAKW000 LAKE WEST 50 C 15) 50 C 15) 23 C 7) 3 C 1) 58 ( 17) 57 C 17) 241
4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 100 C 30) 98 C 29) 100 C 30) 100 C 30) 35 C 10) 97 C 29) 530
4621 PICKEREL LAKE 73 C 22) 73 C 22) 67 C 20) 63 C 19) 58 C 17) 85 C 25) 419
4622 LAKE POINSETI 57 ( 17) 7 ( 2) 43 1 13) 43 C 13) 45 1 12) 47 C 14) 242
4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 77 C 23) 58 C 17) 80 C 24) 87 C 26) 93 ( 28) 78 C 23) 413
4624 RICHMOND LAKE 47 C 14) 40 C 11) 90 C 27) 60 C 18) 45 C 12) 17 C 5) 299
4625 ROY LAKE 87 C 26) 98 C 29) 77 C 23) 80 C 24) 35 C 10) 78 C 23) 455
4626 SAND LAKE 7 C 2) 58 C 17) 33 C 10) 30 C 9) 23 ( 7) 7 C 2) 158
4627 ShERIOA LAKE 70 C 21) 65 C 19) 93 1 28) 70 C 21) 5 ( 0) 67 C 20) 370
4628 STOCKAOE LAKE 30 1 9) 40 C 11) 73 C 22) 50 1 15) 5 C 0) 27 , 8) 225
-------
4LAN 1 5— MEDIAN INDEX
CP1LO A MIN DO DISS ORTiiO P NO
27 ( 68 ( 20) 33 ( 10) 265
37 ( 97 29) 37 C 11) 304
10 ( 30 C 9) 50 C 15) 237
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUH3EP OF LAKES wITH HIGNEk VALUES)
LAKE MEDIAN MEDIAN 500—
CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P ItiORG N MEAN SEC
4629 LAKE VERMILLION 37 ( 11) 70 ( 211 30 C 9)
4630 WALL LAKE 43 ( 13) 27 ( 8) 63 C 19)
6631 WAU AY LAKE NORTH 63 C 19) 47 C 14) 37 C 11)
8)
Ii)
3)
-------
LAKES RANKED BY INDEX NOS.
RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAME INDEX NO
1 4620 PACTOLA RESERVOIR 530
2 4606 CLEAR LAKE 519
3 4623 LAKE RED IRON SOUTH 473
4 4611 ENEMY SWIM LAKE 460
5 4625 ROY LAKE 455
6 4610 DEERFIELD RESERVOIR 430
7 4603 ANGOSTURA RESERVOIR 427
8 4621 PICKEREL LAKE 419
9 4627 SHERIDAN LAKE 370
10 4616 LAKE MITCHELL 349
11 4 02 ALVIN LAKE 340
12 4608 COCHRANE LAKE 338
13 4630 WALL LAKE 304
14 4614 LAKE KAMPESKA 303
15 4624 RICHMOND LAKE 299
16 6629 LAKE VERMILLION 265
17 4604 BRANT LAKE 260
18 4615 MADISON LAKE 253
19 6622 LAKE POIWSETT 242
20 4619 OAKW000 LAKE WEST 241
21 4631 WAUBAY LAKE NORTH 237
22 4618 OAK OOD LAKE EAST 237
23 4628 STOCKADE LAKE 225
24 4613 ST JOHN LAKE 217
25 4612 LAKE HERMAN 202
26 4601 LAKE ALBERT 201
27 6617 LAKE NORDEN 184
28 4626 SAND LAKE 158
-------
LAKES R N cEO BY INDEX NOS.
R ( LAP(E CODE LAr E NAME INDEX NO
29 4609 COTTUNWOO J LAKE 124
30 4605 LAKE BYPON 123
31 4607 CLEAR LAKE 110
-------
APPENDIX B
CONVERSI ON FACTORS
-------
CONVERSION FACTORS
Hectares x 2.471 acres
Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles
Meters x 3.281 = feet
Cubic meters x 8.107 x 1O = acre/feet
Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles
Cubic meters/sec x 35.3 5 = cubic feet/sec
Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches
Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds
Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 lbs/square mile
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
ST3p E1 RET IEV4L OATS 7,/11/2
462 0 1
45 41 30.0 0’ 7 25 30.0
r Oy LAKE
‘.6091 SQUIrt DAtcOTA
LIEPALES 21112 2
4 0016 FEET DEPTPI
00013 0030) 00071 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671
DATE TiME OEi’Tri WATER (JO T ANSP CNDUCTVY PM I ALK NH3—N TOT KJEL NO2 NO3 Pi’iOS-UIS
FROM OF TEMP SECC$1 FiELD CACO.3 TOTAL N Ni—TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MICROMMO SU MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P
74/04/29 14 05 0000 11.1 65 959 8.60 256 0.030 1.800 0.100 0.005
1’. 05 0005 11.1 10.0 959 8.55 262 0.030 1.700 0.050 0.008
1’. 05 0012 11.1 10.2 958 8.50 256 0.040 1.800 0.170 0.016
74/07/10 14 45 0000 25.0 .4 72 1583 9.00
1 . ‘.5 0005 23.8 5.0 1542 8.80
14 45 0013 23.3 4.0 1535 8.80
74/u 9118 12 25 0000 14.8 10.0 62 1151 8.97 420 0.040 2.100 0.020K 0.010
12 25 0013 14.6 9.6 1145 8.93
00665 32217 00031
DATE TIME DEPTH i HOS—T01 CMLRPHYL 1NCDT LI
FROM OF A REMNING
10 DAY FEET 4G/L P UG/L PERCENT
74/04/29 14 05 0000 0.028 5.6
14 05 u005 0.041
14 05 0012 0.034
74/07/10 14 45 0000 24.1
74/09/18 12 25 0000 0.043 12.8
12 25 0006 50.0
12 25 0014 1.0
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STO 
-------