United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
&EPA
Office of
Administration and
Resources Management (2304)
July 2004
EPA FACILITIES MANUAL, VOLUME 4
Safety, Health, and
Environmental Manual
Environmental
Management Guidelines
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
July 2004
Foreword
The EPA Facilities Manual is comprised of four distinct, yet complementary resources for planning and
managing Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) facilities. These four volumes are meant to be used
simultaneously to determine design intent, requirements, and the ongoing evaluation of all EPA facilities.
The use of one volume without reference to the other three would result in an incomplete understanding
of the requirements for EPA facilities.
Volume 1: The Space Acquisition and Planning Guidelines contain information on space planning,
space estimation, environment, materials, furniture, process, and maintenance. EPA's
Office of Administration and Resources Management developed this document to help EPA
facilities managers, space managers, and line personnel plan and use their space.
Volume 2: Architecture and Engineering Guidelines (referred to as the A&E Guidelines) provide
guidance for facilities management, engineering, planning, and architecture professionals in
the design and construction of new EPA facilities and the evaluation of existing facilities.
Volume 3: The Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Manual: Safety and Health
Requirements outlines safety and health considerations for owned or leased EPA facilities.
The Manual's goal is to maintain a safe and healthful workplace that protects against injury,
illness, and loss of life.
Volume 4: The Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Manual'. Environmental Management
Guidelines, establishes environmental specifications to be addressed by designers and
managers of EPA facilities and related building systems.
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
Safety, Health and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
CONTENTS
July 2004
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose 1
1.2 Scope
1.3 EPA Responsibilities
1.4 Requirements 2
2. AIr Pollution Control
2.1 Purpose
2.2 References
2.3 Air Emissions Inventories
2.4 New Source Performance Standards
2,5 Hazardous Air Pollutants
2.6 Ozone-Depleting Substances
3. Water Pollution Control
3.1 Purpose II
3.2 References 11
3.3 Direct Wastewater Discharges 11
3.4 Indirect Was ewater Discharges 12
3.5 Stormwater Management 12
3.6 Wetlands 13
3.7 Drinking Water 14
4. Hazardous and Solid Waste
4.1 Purpose 15
4.2 References 15
4.3 Hazardous Waste Generator
Requirements
4.4 Hazardous Waste Transporter
Requirements
4,5 Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,
and Disposal Facilities
4.6 Hazardous Waste Minimization
4.7 Solid Waste Management
5. Petroleum Storage
5.1 Purpose 21
5.2 References 21
5.3 General Requirements 21
5.4 Underground Storage Tanks 22
5.5 Aboveground Storage Tanks 27
5.6 Inside Tanks 27
5.7 Spill Prevention, Control and
Countermeasures 28
6. Toxic Substances Management
6.1 Purpose
6.2 References
6.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB5)
6.4 Mercury
6.5 Lead
6.6 Radon
6.7 Asbestos
7. PesticIde Management
7.1 Purpose
7.2 References
7.3 Pesticide Storage
7.4 Pesticide Use and Disposal
7.5 Integrated Pest Management
7.6 Antifoulant Paints
8. RadioactIve Materials Management
8.1 Purpose 39
8.2 References 39
8.3 Policy Statement 39
8.4 General Design Considerations 40
8.5 Employee Training 40
8.6 Monitoring of Radiation 40
8.7 Workplace Control of Airborne
Radioactive Material 42
Workplace Control of Surface
Contamination 42
Access Control 42
Shielding
Waste Management 43
Transport of Radioactive Materials . ... 43
Emergency Planning 44
Recordkeeping
9. NatIonal Environmental Policy Act
(N EPA) Reviews
9.1 Purpose
9.2 References 45
9.3 Overview of NEPA Process I General
Program Requirements 45
9.4 EPA Responsibilities 48
9.5 Project-Level Compliance 48
.3
.3
.3
.4
.5
.6
31
31
31
32
32
33
33
35
35
35
36
36
36
15 8.8
17 8.9
8.10
17 8.11
18 8,12
18 8.13
8.14
111
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
9.6 Cross-Cutters 50
10. Environmental Due Diligence Process
(EDDP)
10.1 Purpose 53
10.2 References 53
10.3 General Requirements 53
Appendix A — List of Standards and
References
Appendix B — List of State Environmental
Contacts
Appendix C — List of Class I and Class II
Ozone-Depleting Substances
Appendix D — List of Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Appendix E — Lighting Waste Guidance
Appendix F — SPCC Memorandum
Index
iv
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Manual is to detail environmental considerations for facilities that are
owned, leased, or occupied by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The considerations
or criteria in this Manual describe the full scope of the facility features required in EPA-occupied
facilities to ensure compliance with applicable environmental regulatory standards to preserve
environmental quality. These criteria also promote the successful integration of environmental
requirements into facility design processes to prevent pollution and support EPA’s goal of
environmental stewardship.
1.2 Scope
The facility environmental considerations described in this Manual apply to facilities owned or
leased by EPA, and facilities assigned to EPA by the General Services Administration (GSA) or
other government agencies. In this Manual, owned and leased facilities shall be referred to as
“EPA facilities.” The criteria in this Manual, along with the criteria in the Safely and Health
Manual and the Architecture and Engineering Guidelines (A&E Guidelines), are mandatory for
new construction or new leased space. Where meeting these criteria at existing facilities does
not seem feasible, consult the Architecture, Engineering and Asset Management Branch
(AEAMB) for advice or a waiver. Under special circumstances, a waiver may be granted by the
Safety, Health and Environmental Management Division (SHEMD).
If conflicts exist between state or local criteria and the criteria set forth in this Manual, the more
stringent criteria shall apply. If there are conflicts between the local code and a model code, the
discrepancy will be brought to the attention of AEAMB and SHEMD for resolution.
1.3 EPA Responsibilities
This section describes the responsibilities assigned to divisions or departments within EPA for
enforcing the criteria set forth in this Manual.
• AEAMB is responsible for ensuring that the design and construction of EPA facilities
comply with local codes as well as with the criteria described herein.
• AEAMB and SF1EMD are jointly responsible for ensuring that EPA facilities provide
safe, healthful, and environmentally sound work spaces for EPA personnel.
• AEAMB and SHEMD are jointly responsible, when appropriate, for reviewing and
approving requests for a waiver for variances or exceptions to the criteria set forth in this
Manual. The following criteria apply to requests for variances:
(1) Requests for variances to the criteria described in this Manual must be submitted
in writing to AEAMB and SHEMD for review.
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
(2) Documentation of granted variances must be maintained by the facility as long
as applicable.
• AEAMB and SHEMD are jointly responsible for updating this Manual, as necessary, to
reflect changes in technology and recognized standard practices in safety, health, and
environmental management relative to EPA facilities.
1.4 Requirements
To meet the policy and objectives set forth above:
• AEAMB, with SHEMD’s assistance, will review the criteria set forth in Programs of
Requirements (PORs) and Solicitations for Offers (SFOs) for new EPA facilities, and for
modifications to existing facilities, before awarding a design contract.
• At significant design and construction points, AEAMB, with SHEMD’s assistance, will
review, approve, and conunent on the design plans and construction drawings for new
and modified facilities.
• During construction, a representative acceptable to SHEMD shall inspect the critical
environmental management features of a new or modified facility, such as wastewater
systems and underground storage tanks (USTs), against the design and construction
specifications. These features also shall be acceptance-tested against the design and
construction specifications prior to occupancy.
• AEAMB, with the assistance of SHEMD, shall inspect and test leased spaces against the
criteria contained in this Manual before signing the lease and shall document these
criteria in the lease where appropriate.
• All newly occupied facilities shall be evaluated for environmental problems before
occupancy. This evaluation shall include a record search and an audit, including an
inspection for USTs, asbestos, radon, lead, and other environmental threats. Refer to the
Guidelines for Acquiring and Transferring EPA Real Property and Complying with the
Communily Environmental Response Facilitation Act (CERFA), EPA 1 OO-B-OO-002
(December 2000).
2
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Man ment Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 2 - Air Pollution Control
2.1 Purpose
This chapter establishes the standards that are applicable to activities at EPA facilities that may
affect air quality. These activities include the construction, modification, or reconstruction of air
emission sources, the control of hazardous air pollutants, and the maintenance and operation of
systems containing ozone-depleting substances.
2.2 References
EPA facilities shall be designed and operated to comply with applicable air emission limits
permitting requirements as specified by the Clean Air Act (CAA) regulations in 40 CFR Parts 60,
61, 63, and 82, as well as state and local restrictions,
2.3 Air Emissions Inventories
In accordance with prevailing federal, state and/or local requirements, potential sources of air
pollution emissions at EPA facilities shall be identified in a documented inventory as an integral
part of facility construction, modification, or reconstruction planning. An inventory of the
emissions sources shall be established prior to facility and equipment construction, modification
or reconstruction, considering the following point source emissions, at a minimum:
• Fossil-fuel fired boilers used to produce hot water or steam for heating purposes
• Internal combustion engines (e.g., emergency power generators)
• Solid/biological waste incinerators
• Research combustors and associated air pollution control devices
• Paint/mechanical shop exhausts
• Laboratory fume hoods
• Cooling towers
• Aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) and gasoline-dispensing operations.
• Miscellaneous air research and other equipment (e.g., stationary diesel engines, paint
spray booths).
The air emissions source inventory shall include a list of point sources such as those described
above, as well as information on types of fuels (for combustion equipment) and anticipated types
3
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
of pollutants, as information is available. In addition, inventories maintained by existing
facilities must be updated to reflect the installation of new air emissions sources.
Prior to construction, modification, or reconstruction of any sources identified in the inventory,
the maximum operating design capacity (e.g., British thermal units [ Btu]/hour heat input
capacity, horsepower rating), fuel type, and estimated annual fuel consumption shall be
determined. Once this information has been determined, federal, state, and local air pollution
control regulations shall be consulted to determine which preconstruction and operational
permitting obligations must be fulfilled as a part of formal equipment commissioning. Appendix
C of this Manual provides a list of state environmental agency contacts, including air pollution
control organizations.
2.4 New Source Performance Standards
The following emissions sources shall be designed and equipped during construction,
modification, or reconstruction in accordance with new source performance standards (NSPS)
and other applicable technology considerations, as described below:
• Fossil-fuel-fired steam generators (boilers) with a maximum design heat capacity greater
than 100 million (MM) Btu/hour (29 megawatts [ MW]) shall meet the emission
standards to control particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen oxides
(NO,), in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart Db.
• Fossil-fuel-fired steam generators (boilers) with a maximum design heat capacity of 10
MM to 100 MM Btu/hour (29 MW) shall meet the emission standards to control PM,
SO 2 , and NO,, in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart Dc.
• Volatile organic liquid (VOL) storage (including petroleum liquid) vessels with a volume
of 40 cubic meters (approximately 10,600 gallons) or greater shall meet the emission
standards for volatile organic compounds, in accordance with 40 CFR. Part 60, Subpart
Kb.
• Sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., laboratory fume hoods, painting
operations, aboveground storage tanks) and NO (e.g., boilers) located in ozone
nonattainment areas may qualify as “major sources” based on their emissions levels and
the attainment classification of their air quality control region. Current nonattainment
areas can be determined by contacting the Air Compliance Branch in the Air Toxics
Division of the EPA Regional Office for the region where the source is located.
Major sources of VOCs and NO, are classified by their potential to emit these ozone-
forming compounds. “Potential to emit” is defined as the maximum capacity of a
stationary source to emit a pollutant under its physical or operational design. Table 2-1
identifies the threshold limits for emissions and the corresponding nonattainment area
classifications for VOCs and NO,.
4
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Manaciement Guidelines July 2004
Table 2-1. Ozone Nonattainment Area Classifications
Classification
Emission Thresholds for Major
Sources (tons per year)
Marginal
100
Moderate
100
Serious
50
Severe
25
Extreme
10
Facilities with sources identified as “major” under the above criteria must be designed to reduce
emissions by application of reasonably available control technology (RACT), best available
control technology (BACT), or lowest available emission rate (LAER), as specified by state
regulations and applicable federal Control Technical Guidelines adopted by state programs. The
EPA Clean Air Technology Center (Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards) in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, is a clearinghouse for information on approved control
technologies for different types of air emissions sources. The technology center can be reached
through its info-line by calling (919) 541-0800, or by accessing its Web site at
http://www.epa.gov/ttnlcatc.
2.5 Hazardous Air Pollutants
Under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, EPA regulates emissions of 188 specific
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Major souttes of HAP emissions at EPA facilities shall comply
with applicable requirements of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs). Major sources include facilities with a stationary source, or group of stationary
sources, located within a contiguous area and under common control that emit HAPs in
quantities that exceed 10 tons per year for a any single HAP, or 25 tons per year of any
combination of HAPs.
The construction or modification of facilities that have the potential to emit threshold quantities
of these HAPs shall be designed in accordance with 40 CFR Parts 61 and 63. More stringent
state toxic air pollution control regulations shall also be reviewed for technology considerations
impacting facility construction and modification planning. Specific NESHAPs to be considered
during construction and modification of EPA facilities include, but are not limited to:
• Asbestos . Activities involving the demolition or removal of asbestos-containing
materials must be performed in accordance with the design and operational
specifications of 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, and 29 CFR §1926.1011, as well as any
more stringent state and local regulations. See also Chapter 6 of this manual for
discussion on asbestos operation and maintenance.
5
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
• Hexavalent chromium (cooling towers). Facilities shall not be designed or modified to
include the use of hexavalent chromium-containing biocides or scale inhibitors in
cooling and circulation towers.
2.6 Ozone-Depleting Substances
Any contribution to the depletion of the ozone layer by the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) at
EPA facilities is discouraged. EPA requires that selection of building materials and systems be
consistent with the guidelines of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone in 40 CFR Part 82.
Particular attention shall be paid to the following building elements and systems:
• Building Materials . Insulation containing CFCs and other refrigerants harmful to the
environment shall be avoided.
• Halon Fire-Extinguishing Systems . New halon fire-extinguishing systems shall not be
installed in EPA facilities. This policy applies to both fixed systems containing Halon-
1301 and portable extinguishers containing Halon- 1211. See Chapter 2 of the Safety
Manual for information on appropriate fire extinguishing systems.
All existing EPA facility fire protection systems containing Halon-l 301, Halon- 1202, or
Halon- 1211 have been inventoried and are either already removed or planned for
removal. These systems are to be replaced with systems containing alternatives
approved under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) codified at 40 CFR Part
82, Subpart G. The most current list of alternatives approved under SNAP is available
through the Global Programs Division (Office of Air & Radiation, Office of
Atmospheric Programs) Hotline at (800) 296-1996, or through its Web site at
http://www.epa.govlozone/snap/ lists/index.html.
For existing systems requiring recharge, facilities should contact the Halon Recycling
Corporation at (800) 258-1283 for information about recycled halon available from
distributors.
• Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC Systems . Installation of new HVAC
systems that contain chlorofluoroearbon (CFC) refrigerants shall be avoided in EPA
facilities because of the production phaseout of ozone-depleting substances covered
under Title VI of the Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990. New systems must use
refrigerants acceptable under SNAP in 40 CFR Part 82, Subpart G, as described in Table
2-2. SNAP regulations prohibit users from replacing CFCs with chemicals that pose an
even greater risk to human health and the environment.
Each new system must also comply with the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 15 and Guideline 3 to ensure that
the equipment has the proper safety features. These safety features may include sensitive
detectors, alert systems, and information on required ventilation systems.
6
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
July 2004
Table 2-2. AcceDtable Substitutes for Class I Substances in HVAC Systems
SNAP Acceptable
Substitutes
Trade Name
Centrifugal Chillers
Reciprocating
Chillers
CFC-11
CFC-12
CFC-12 I
HCFC-123
123
R,N
N
HCFC-22
22
N
N
N
HCFC- I 34a
I 34a
N
R, N
R, N
HFC-227ea
N
N
N
HFC-245fa
N
R-4OlA, R-401B
MP-39, MP-66
R, N
R-409A (HCFC Blend Gamma)
409A
R, N
R-4l lA,R-4 llB
4l IA,4llB
R,N
FRIGC (HCFC Blend Beta)
FRIGC FR-12, 4l6A
R, N
R, N
Free Zone (HCFC Blend Delta)
Free Zone / RB-276
R, N
R, N
Hot Shot (HCFC Blend Omicron)
Hot Shot, KarKool, 4l4B
R, N
R, N
GHG-X4 (HCFC Blend Xi)
GHG-X4, Auofrost,
McCool Chill-it, 414A
R, N
R, N
GHG-X5
GHG-X5
R, N
R, N
Freeze 12
Freeze 12
R, N
R, N
41 1C
G2 O ISC
R,N
R,N
THR-02
THR-02
N
N
THR-03
THR-03
N
Ikon A, Ikon-l2 (Blend Zeta)
Ikon A, Ikon-12
R, N
lkonB
lkonB
R,N
N
FORI2A, FOR12B
FORI2A, FORI2B
R, N
R, N
SP34E
SP34E
R, N
HCFC-22/HCFC-l42b
R, N
R, N
Ammonia Vapor Compression
N
N
Evaporative Cooling
N
N
N
Dessicant Cooling
N
N
N
Ammonia / Water Absorption
N
N
Water / Lithium Bromide Absorption N N
R = Retrofit Uses N = New Uses
The information in this chart should be periodically updated by calling the EPA Global Programs Division
Hotline at (800) 296-1 996, or by accessing its Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html.
7
-------
July 2004
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Requirements
Existing HVAC systems that contain CFC refrigerants shall be maintained in accordance
with the practices described below.
(1) Retrofitting Existing Systems . AEAMB recommends that existing HVAC
systems containing CFCs be replaced, not retrofitted. If, however, retrofitting is
the option selected, existing systems can be retrofitted with the refrigerants listed
in Table 2-3. EPA facilities shall follow the retrofit instructions provided by the
refrigerant manufacturer and the HVAC equipment manufacturer,
Table 2-3. Existing CFC System Retrofit Options
I System Tvne
Existinc System
Aceentable Retrofit
— Unacceptable Retrofit
Centrifugal
CFC-l I
HCFC-123
HCFC-141b
Centrifugal
CFC-12
.
HFC-134a
416-A
RB-276
4148
414A
GHG-X5
Freeze 12
02018C
Ikon A, lkon-12
Ikon B
FORI2A, FORI2B
HCFC-22/HCFC- 142b
HCFC-22/HFC- I42bICFC-12
Reciprocating
.
CFC-12
HFC-134a
R-401A, R-401B
R-409A
R-411A, R411-B
416A
RB -2 76
41 4B
4 14A
GHG-X5
Freeze 12
G2018C
FORI2A,FOR I2B
SP34E
HCFC-22/HCFC- I 42b
HCFC-22/HFC- I42bICFC- 12
The information in this chart should be periodically updated by calling the EPA Global Programs Division Hotline at (800) 296-
1996, or by accessing its Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/sflap/liStS/ifldeX.html.
(2) Maintenance and operation of existing equipment . All persons who maintain,
service, or repair appliances, except motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs),
and all persons who dispose of appliances, except for small appliances, room air
conditioners, and MVACs, must be certified by an approved technician
certification program as specified in 40 CFR § 82.161. Facilities shall keep
servicing records documenting the date and type of service and the quantities of
refrigerant added. Facilities also shall keep copies of technician certifications at
the facility for 3 years.
8
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
No person maintaining, repairing, or disposing of appliances may knowingly
vent, or otherwise release into the atmosphere, a Class I or II substance (see
Appendix C for the list of EPA-regulated ozone-depleting substances) used as a
refrigerant in such equipment unless this venting or releasing is associated with a
good faith attempt to recover or recycle the refrigerant (40 CFR §82.154). All
persons opening HVAC systems for maintenance, service, or repair, must
evacuate the refrigerant to a system receiver or a recovery or recycling machine
certified pursuant to 40 CFR §82.158. Table 2-4 lists the required evacuation
levels, as specified in 40 CFR §82:156. Systems equipped with a
noncondensables purge device must not release more than 3 percent of the
quantity of refrigerant being recycled through noncondensables purging under
the conditions of the American Refrigeration Institute (ARI) Standard 740-1993.
Table 2-4. CFC Equipment Servicing
Type of Appliance
Required Evacuation Levels In Inches of Hg Vacuum
(relative to standard atmospheric pressure of 29.9 inches Hg)
Using recovery or recycling equipment
manufactured or imported before
11/15/93
Using recovery or recycling
equipment manufactured or
imnortcd on or after Il/I 5/93
HCFC-22 appliances, or isolated component of such
appliances, normally containing less than 200 pounds
of refrigerant
0
0
HCFC-22 appliances, or isolated component of such
appliances, normally containing 200 pounds or more
of refrigerant
4
10
Other high-pressure appliances, or isolated
component of such appliances, normally containing
less than 200 pounds of refrigerant
4
10
Other high-pressure appliances, or isolated
component of such appliances, normally containing
200 pounds or more of refrigerant
4
15
Very-high-pressure appliances
0
0
Low-pressure appliance
25
25 a
a mm Hg absolute
Organizations servicing equipment containing Class I or Class H refrigerants
must certify to EPA that its recovery and recycling equipment is certified to the
above standards. Certifications shall be sent to the appropriate EPA Regional
Office listed in 40 CFR §82.162 based on the location of the facility. Reclaimed
refrigerants for use in EPA facilities must fulfill the purity standards set forth in
ARI Standard 700-1993.
If commercial and industrial refrigeration equipment with a refrigerant charge of
50 pounds or more is leaking at a rate exceeding 35 percent of the total annual
charge, it must be repaired within 30 days. For maintenance and servicing of
MVACs, refrigerant recovery and recycling equipment must be used that meets
the standards in Appendix A to Subpart B of 40 CFR Part 82.
9
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
(3) System decommissioning . Persons disposing of appliances (except for small
appliances, MVACs, and MVAC-like appliances) must evacuate refrigerants to
the levels in Table 2-4.
Several organizations will accept or buy surplus halons and CFCs from EPA
facilities. Some are government sponsored, as follows:
Halon Recycling Corporation (800) 258-1283
Arlington, VA (703) 524-6636
Defense Logistics Agency (804) 279-4525
Richmond, Virginia (804)279-5202
e-mail: odsreserve@dscr.dla.mil (804) 279-5203
(804) 279-6102
The Defense Logistics Agency repository will accept surplus CFC-1 1, CFC-l2,
CFC-1 14, and Halon-1202, Halon-12 11 and Halon-1301. Recovered halon and
CFCs may be shipped in any size cylinder provided that the cylinder is tagged
and labeled with the shipper’s name, address, and telephone number; the type
and quantity of ozone-depleting substance shipped; and the appropriate U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT) warning labels. The repository will also
accept fire extinguishers and halon spheres. Prior to shipment, fire suppression
systems with electrical charges must be deactivated, and safety caps must be
used to cover exposed activation mechanisms. Once arrangements have been
made, the shipping address is:
Halon Recycling Manager
Defense Depot Richmond Virginia
SW0004
Attn: Cylinder Operations
8000 Jefferson Davis Highway
Richmond, VA 23297-5000
I0
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 3 - Water Pollution Control
3.1 Purpose
This chapter describes the statutory and regulatory requirements for controlling water pollution
as a result of EPA facility activities. These activities include the direct and indirect discharge of
wastewaters, as well as construction activities contributing to storm water runoff and wetlands
impacts. This chapter also describes the regulatory requirements associated with potable water
supplies at EPA facilities.
3.2 References
All wastewater discharges from EPA facilities, including discharges during construction
activities, shall comply with Clean Water Act (CWA) and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
requirements, as well as state and local restrictions. Drinking water monitoring shall be
conducted as specified in this chapter unless approved by the Architecture, Engineering and
Asset Management Branch (AEAMB) and the Safety, Health and Environmental Management
Division (SHEMD). Guidance for compliance with requirements described in this chapter is
provided in the following documents:
• Industrial User Inspection and Sampling Manual for POTWs, EPA83 1 -B-94-OO 1 (April
1994)
• Storm Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices, Office of Water, EPA (July 1994)
• Lead in School Drinking Water, EPA57019-89-OO1 (January 1989).
3.3 Direct Wastewater Discharges
As authorized by the CWA, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit program controls water pollution by regulating point souites that discharge pollutants into
waters of the United States. Potential sources of NPDES-regulated discharges to surface water at
EPA facilities shall be identified in a documented inventory of point and non-point discharge
sources. NPDES discharge source inventories shall be an integral part of facility construction or
modification planning and shall include:
• Process effluent discharges
• Non-contact cooling-water discharges
• Storm water discharges.
The anticipated operating conditions of discharge sources (e.g., flow rate and concentrations of
discharged constituents) shall be evaluated to determine applicable federal andlor state NPDES
permit requirements. In most cases, the NPDES permit program is administered by authorized
states, and permit conditions must be negotiated with the state environmental agency. Applicable
NPDES permitting conditions shall be reflected in design specifications, including representative
flow monitoring, sampling, special pretreatment systems, and drainage. Special engineering
11
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
design and control technologies shall be considered and developed in accordance with applicable
NPDES permit conditions and effluent guidelines established in 40 CFR Parts 403 to 471.
3.4 Indirect Wastewater Discharges
For facilities discharging effluent to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), applicable
federal (see 40 CFR §403.5(b)) and state (see Appendix B for state water pollution control
contacts) pretreatment standards, local sewer use ordinance, permitting, and effluent monitoring
requirements shall be determined. If applicable, permitting and pretreatment obligations for
significant industrial users must be achieved in design and installation. The monitoring and
sampling requirements shall be determined for all discharge points and shall include, at a
minimum, flow rate, pH measurement, and representative influent/effluent sample collection.
Additionally, the facility shall have a plumbing design configuration to facilitate mapping of
effluent discharge pathways, identification of representative sampling points, and future
plumbing system modifications.
Elementary neutralization systems shall be provided to neutralize and monitor wastewater
discharges for facilities with corrosive effluents to ensure EPA facility conformance with the
CWA pretreatment standards in 40 CFR §403.5(b)(2) and standards imposed by local POTWs.
The system shall include flow-rate measurement, pH sensors, pH adjustment capabilities, and
engineering features to enable the collection of representative effluent samples. The system
engineering controls shall provide the capability to identify and mitigate unacceptable
discharges; such controls include pH excursion alarms and automatic flow cutoff devices.
System designs shall provide for the routine operation and maintenance of key components such
as agitators, pumps, and pH probes. Guidance on collecting representative wastewater samples
to determine effluent quality can be obtained from the EPA publication, Industrial User
Inspection and Sampling Manual for POTWs.
State and local requirements shall be identified for facilities that will discharge to septic systems
or aquifers. Compliance with these provisions will be achieved by incorporating the appropriate
design and engineering controls. AEAMB shall be contacted for approval of any non-stormwater
discharges into septic systems or aquifers.
3.5 Storm Water Management
Storm water discharges are generated by runoff from land and impervious areas such as paved
streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during rainfall and snow events that often contain
pollutants in quantities that could adversely affect water quality. Most storm water discharges
are considered point sources and require coverage by an NPDES permit. Specifically,
construction activities at EPA facilities that impact over one acre of land shall comply with
applicable NPDES construction storm water permits. The permit requirements are defined by the
NPDES permitting authority (state or Federal), but generally include:
• Submission of a Notice of Intent (NOl) that includes general information and a
certification that the activity will not impact endangered or threatened species. This
certification is unique to EPA’s NOl and is not a requirement of most NPDES-delegated
State’s NOIs
12
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
• Development and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
with appropriate best management practices (BMPs) to minimize the discharge of
pollutants from the site.
• Submission of a Notice of Termination (NOT) when final stabilization of the site has
been achieved as defined in the permit or when another operator has assumed control of
the site.
The primary method to control storm water discharges is through the use of BMPs. Refer to
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans
and Best Management Practices for guidance on development of SWPPPs and examples of
proven stormwater management BMPs.
3.6 Wetlands
The CWA regulates the discharge of dredged or fill material into “waters of the United States,”
which include wetlands. For purposes of the CWA, wetlands is a collective term that includes
“those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and
duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of
vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions” (40 CFR §230.3(t)). All EPA
construction activities that have a potential for significant impact on wetlands shall comply with
the CWA requirements described below.
Section 404 of the CWA, jointly administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and EPA,
requires a permit is required for activities with significant wetland impact potential. The permit
applicant must show that:
• All available alternatives to the impact have been considered, and no practicable
alternative exists which would have less adverse impact on the aquatic ecosystem.
• The discharge does not violate other applicable laws, including state water quality
standards, toxic effluent standards, the Endangered Species Act, and marine sanctuary
protections.
• The discharge cannot cause or contribute to significant degradation of wetlands by
adversely impacting wildlife, ecosystem integrity, recreation, aesthetics, and economic
values.
• All appropriate and practicable steps will be taken to minimize adverse impacts of the
discharge on wetlands.
Only after avoidance and minimization criteria are satisfied can wetlands mitigation be
considered. In establishing mitigation requirements, the applicant must strive to achieve a goal
of no overall net loss of wetland values and functions, meaning a minimum of one-for-one
functional replacement with an adequate margin of safety to reflect scientific uncertainty. An
environmental assessment or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) must be prepared for each
individual permit application (refer to Chapter 10 of this Manual for more information about
preparing EISs).
13
-------
Safety, Health, and Erwironment& Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
Section 401 of the CWA, the State Water Quality Certification program, requires that states
certify compliance of federal permits or licenses with state water quality requirements and other
applicable state laws. Under Section 401, states have authority to review any federal permit
or license (such as a 404 permit) that may result in a discharge to wetlands and other waters
under state jurisdiction, to ensure that the actions would be consistent with the state’s water
quality requirements. A Section 404 permit for activities in wetlands cannot be issued by the
Corps until this state certification has been obtained or waived as provided by federal law.
3.7 Drinking Water
Facility construction planning should include a determination of the source of potable water
supplies. Facilities that obtain drinking water from municipal sources have limited
responsibilities for monitoring drinking water, except during initial construction or leasing as
specified below.
• All newly leased and constructed facilities shall have the potable water tested (optimally,
a sample should be drawn from the main supply line to the facility) to ensure
conformance with the following levels: aluminum (0.2 milligrams per liter [ mgIL]),
chloride (250 mgfL), color (15 color units), copper (1.3 mg/L), iron (0.3 mg/L), lead
(0.015 mgfL), manganese (0.05 mg/L), p 1 -i (6.5-8.5), silver (0.1 mg/L), sulfate (250
mgIL), total dissolved solids (500 mg/L), and zinc (5 mg’L).
• All newly acquired facilities or newly plumbed systems shall test for lead (action level of
15 micrograms per liter [ tgIL]) and copper (action level of 1.3 mgIL) to ensure
conformance with action levels in response to major facility modifications, plumbing
system alterations, or the addition of new water supply fixtures (e.g., water coolers).
Potable water shall be tested for lead content in accordance with the EPA publication
entitled Lead in School Drinking Water. For copper monitoring of potable water, the
Office of Water recommends that one 30-second flush sample be taken at an internal tap
from which water is typically drawn for consumption.
Where drinking water is derived from on-site wells and is provided to more than 25 individuals
or 15 service connections for at least 60 days out of the year, facilities must comply with the
requirements for “public drinking water systems” under the SDWA regulations. These systems
are subject to periodic monitoring for physical, chemical, radiological, and biological parameters
as specified in 40 CFR Parts 141 and 143.
Facilities that obtain drinking water from on-site wells should also be designed with sufficient
pretreatment capabilities to ensure the safety and aesthetic quality of the water for general
consumption. At a minimum, pretreatment systems for water obtained from on-site sources
should provide levels of performance that ensure fulfillment of the primary maximum
contaminant levels in 40 CFR Part 141, the lead and copper action levels in 40 CFR § 141.80, and
the secondary maximum contaminant levels in 40 CFR Part 143.
14
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 4 - Hazardous and Solid Waste
4.1 Purpose
This chapter describes the hazardous and solid waste management requirements to be addressed
by building designers and facility managers. The chapter focuses on the regulations of the
Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) for the various types of hazardous waste handlers:
generators; transporters; and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. This chapter also
discussed hazardous waste minimization and nonhazardous solid waste management. Details are
discussed for integrating design standards for waste management into the facility planning
process.
4.2 References
Federal hazardous waste requirements are found in 40 CFR Parts 260 through 279. Parts 262,
264, and 265 are the most relevant to facility design. Additionally, the EPA Safety, Health, and
Environmental Management Guidelines can be consulted for guidance on operational issues
related to facility waste management.
4.3 Hazardous Waste Generator Requirements
The majority of EPA facilities operate solely as generators of hazardous waste. The specific
regulatory standards that EPA facilities must follow are based upon the amount of regulated
hazardous waste they generate on a monthly basis and all regulated hazardous waste accumulated
on site. Under the federal rules, there are three generator classes:
• Conditionally Exemnt Small Ouantitv Generator (CESOG) . CESQGs generate no more
than 100 kg of hazardous waste, 1 kg of acute hazardous waste, or 100 kg of spill
residues per month. Most EPA offices and administrative buildings will qualify as
CESQGs. EPA facilities operating under CESQG status are generally not subject to
substantive regulation under federal and state hazardous waste laws. CESQGs must
deliver their hazardous waste to approved facilities and comply with applicable DOT
requirements when sending these wastes off site (40 CFR §261.5).
• Small Ouantitv Generator (SOG) . SQGs generate between 100 and 1,000 kg of
hazardous waste and no more than 1 kg of acute hazardous waste per month.
Additionally, they can only accumulate wastes on site for up to 180 days (or 270 days
when transporting over 200 miles) and can accumulate no more than 6,000 kg of
hazardous waste on site at any time.
• Large Ouantitv Generator ( LOG) . LQGs generate greater than 1000 kg of hazardous
waste, 1 kg of acute hazardous waste, or 100 kg of contaminated waste from an acute
spill per month, Additionally, they can accumulate wastes on site without a quantity
limit but only for up to 90 days.
15
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
EPA facilities managing large amounts of chemicals (e.g., laboratories) may generate enough
hazardous waste to qualify as SQG or LQG. General design requirements for these facilities are
summarized below. To ensure full regulatory compliance with federal requirements, facilities
should consult 40 CFR Part 262 and applicable state regulations.
Waste Collection and Accumulation Requirements . Hazardous waste accumulation areas
must comply with the-requirements specified below. In addition, inside hazardous waste
accumulation areas must comply with the requirements outlined in Chapter 4 of the
Safety and Health Manual. Hazardous waste can be stored in the following units:
(a) ntainers . Hazardous wastes at EPA facilities are most commonly held in
containers, such as glass solvent jugs, plastic jerry cans, and 55-gallon drums.
Containers in accumulation areas must be left closed except when adding or
removing waste, must be in good condition, must be compatible with the waste
they contain, and must be inspected weekly. Sufficient space must be allowed,
or a protective barrier installed, so that incompatible wastes (e.g., oxidizers and
ignitables) can be separated by a safe distance or means. Container management
areas should have sufficient capacity to contain at least 10 percent of the volume
of containers or the volume of the largest container to be accumulated,
whichever is greater. The base of the containment system must be free of cracks
and gaps and be sufficiently impervious to contain leaks or spills until the
collected material is detected and removed. If ignitable or reactive wastes are
generated, the accumulation facility or area must be located at least 50 feet from
the facility’s property line.
(b) Tanks . Tanks and ancillary equipment (tank systems) must be properly installed
and kept in good condition. The installation of hazardous waste tanks shall
provide for sufficient area for visual tank inspection. Personnel must inspect
tank system integrity and monitoring equipment daily. Tank systems at LQG
facilities must have appropriate secondary containment (e.g., double-walls,
dikes, berms) in case of tank system failure (40 CFR Part 265, Subpart J). If
ignitable or reactive wastes are intended for management within tank systems, a
minimum distance of 50 feet from the property boundary shall be maintained.
(c) Other Accumulation Units . LQGs are also permitted to store hazardous wastes
on drip pads or within containment buildings and must follow the specific
standards for these storage units (40 CFR §262.34(a)).
Emergency Prenaredness and Resi,onse . Aisle space in hazardous waste accumulation
areas shall be sufficient to allow for container inspection and for the unobstructed
movement of personnel and emergency equipment. State regulations may indicate exact
distances.
Fire extinguishers and other fire control equipment shall be available at hazardous waste
accumulation points. Water must be available in sufficient volume and at sufficient
pressure to facilitate fire-fighting operations (for example, sprinklers and hose streams).
In addition, other safety equipment such as eyewashes and safety showers shall be
16
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
provided in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of the Safety and Health
Manual.
Two-way communications, such as radios or telephones, and alarm systems to initiate
emergency response shall be immediately available to hazardous waste accumulation
areas (see 40 CFR §265.32).
Employee Training . SQG facilities must provide basic training to their employees that
makes them thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures
relevant to their responsibilities (40 CFR §262.34). LQGs shall develop a full training
program in proper waste management and emergency procedures for their employees and
review this training on an annual basis (40 CFR §262.34). Training for LQG employees
must be documented and those records kept on file.
Facility managers may follow reduced standards when certain materials are sent for recycling. A
facility handling any of these special waste streams under separate guidelines must consider
those standards within their facility design plan. Items such as hazardous waste batteries, lamps,
mercury thermostats, and pesticides sent for recycling can be managed under universal waste
standards (40 CFR Part 273). In addition, used oil destined for recycling should be managed
under the used oil management standards (40 CFR Part 279). Facilities storing used oil should
also consult the requirements for petroleum storage discussed in Chapter 5 of this volume.
State requirements may also be more stringent than federal regulations. State agencies and
implementing regulations shall be consulted to help identif ’ applicable standards and determine
whether requirements exceed federal regulations. Appendix C of this Manual provides a contact
list of state hazardous waste management agencies.
4.5 Hazardous Waste Transporter Requirements
EPA facilities that conduct their own waste transport off site must comply with hazardous waste
transporter requirements (40 CFR Part 263). Buildings serving as temporary storage areas for
waste materials in transit must be considered in the design for these facilities. State
implementing agencies may also have more stringent standards for transfer facilities.
4.6 Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities
EPA facilities that operate long-term storage units, perform other types of treatment, or dispose
of hazardous waste on site must comply with permitted or interim status facility standards (40
CFR Part 264 — Permitted; Part 265 — Interim Status).
All facilities with hazardous waste management permits or seeking permits (i.e., interim status)
must comply with general facility standan s, preparedness and prevention procedures,
contingency plans and emergency procedures, manifest requirements, and recordkeeping
guidelines. Additionally, there are specific design requirements based on the type of activity
they conduct (e.g., storage, disposal) and the permitted units they operate (e.g., incinerators,
landfills). To assure full regulatory compliance, permitted and interim status facility managers
must consult 40 CFR Part 264/265 for all applicable federal regulations and consider these
17
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
guidelines in their facility design. Facilities must also consult state implementing agencies to
identify more stringent state hazardous waste management requirements.
To apply for a permit to treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste, facility managers must
submit applications to their implementing agency following specific regulatory procedures.
Permits must be granted to the facility prior to beginning these types of operations (40 CFR Part
270).
4.7 Hazardous Waste Minimization
Hazardous waste generator facilities and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities must make
efforts to minimize hazardous wastes generation and disposal through source reduction and
recycling efforts. Generators must certify on hazardous waste manifests that they make efforts or
have programs in place to minimize hazardous waste generation at their facility. Treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities are required to certify annually that they have waste minimization
programs in place and maintain this certification in their operating record.
Facility managers should design waste minimization programs that set explicit goals for reducing
the volume and toxicity of wastestreams, that encourage personnel input on ways to meet these
goals, and that recognize individual and collective accomplishments in meeting goals. Managers
should characterize waste generation amounts and toxicity as well as quantify waste management
costs. They should use this information to identify activities that produce the most wastes and
take opportunities to prevent waste generation and toxicity at these points, thereby reducing
management costs. Managers should additionally exchange technical information with other
facilities to foster their own minimization and recycling programs. Finally, facility managers
should conduct assessments of program effectiveness and implement any recommendations
identified in these assessments that will lead to minimization improvements.
4.8 Solid Waste Management
EPA facilities generate a variety of nonhazardous waste such as office trash, used packing
materials, discarded equipment, and other garbage. Facilities must comply with requirements
related to the collection and storage of this solid waste as well as regulations regarding its proper
disposal (40 CFR Part 243).
• Storage . Facility design shall provide for adequate size and number of waste storage
areas. These areas must be designed such that the waste stored will not constitute a fire,
health, or safety hazard. Solid waste must be stored in ways that prevent a nuisance
(e.g., odors) and in ways that do not attract vectors (e.g., animals or insects). Facilities
shall also arrange for solid waste collection with sufficient frequency to inhibit the
creation of such nuisances or attraction of such vectors.
• Disnosal . EPA facilities will generally not have their own on-site solid waste disposal
units. Facilities must arrange to have their wastes disposed of through municipal or
• private haulers at municipal solid waste landfills or another approved disposal facilities.
Some materials may be prohibited from disposal in municipal landfills, and facility
18
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
personnel shall determine if there are any wastes they cannot dispose of in their regular
trash according to local solid waste regulations.
Recycling . The facility shall be designed to support an aggressive solid waste recycling
plan during construction and after occupancy. The facility design shall properly locate,
and provide for, spaces that facilitate the collection, separation, compaction, storage,
shipment and composting of all recyclable materials. General office space, freight
elevator area, shipping and storage area, and loading docks shall be designed with this
important activity in mind.
19
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 5 - Petroleum Storage
5.1 Purpose
This chapter outlines the requirements for petroleum tank storage at EPA facilities. Specific
areas covered by this chapter include underground storage tank (UST) and aboveground storage
tank (AST) standards, and spill prevention, control and countermeasure (SPCC) requirements.
5.2 References
Unless otherwise specified in this Manual or approved by the Architecture, Engineering and
Asset Management Branch (AEAMB) and the Safety, Health and Environmental Management
Division (SITEMD), all tank designs and installations shall conform to the applicable
requirements of 40 CFR Part 280,40 CFR Part 112, NFPA 30, 29 CFR Part 1910, and state and
local requirements
5.3 General Requirements
Prior to determining the tank specifications and design, the following requirements shall be
assessed and considered.
• Type of material . The type of material and the composition of the substance requiring
storage shall be assessed. Tank compatibility with the substances to be stored shall be
determined. Other characteristics of the material to be assessed may include specific
gravity, immiscibility in water, and volatility of vapor level detection in soils.
• Volume and throughput requirements . The amount of material to be stored at any one
time and the rate of material usage shall be determined. The maximum length of time the
material may be needed and the rate of material usage during emergency situations also
shall be determined.
• Surrounding conditions . The surrounding conditions of the tank and associated piping
shall be addressed, including maximum and minimum operating and exposure
temperatures; soil type and background levels of contamination relative to the material to
be stored; groundwater level; proximity to navigable waters, adjacent property, and
buildings; and location of floodplain, utility lines, and service points. If a tank system is
to be upgraded, the age, as-built design specifications, current tank conditions, and
contents will need to be determined.
• Nature of activity . Whether the tank under consideration is a replacement tank, an
upgrade project, or a new installation is critical to determining the design and
performance criteria. For logistical consideration of installation sequence and location,
it should be established whether the tank is replacing an existing UST or,AST. Also, if a
tank is being replaced, the closure method should be assessed because this may impact
the location of the replacement tank.
21
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
5.4 Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
5.4.1 GENERAL
EPA defines a UST as any tank, including associated piping, that has at least 10 percent of its
volume underground. Generally, if the tank bottom cannot be seen, it likely meets the UST
definition. The federal UST provisions of 40 CFR Part 280 apply to underground tanks storing
petroleum and hazardous substances, with the following exceptions:
• Tanks with a storage capacity of less than 110 gallons
• Tanks storing heating oil used on the premises where stored
• Tanks on the floor or above underground areas (i.e., visual inspection is feasible)
• Septic tanks and systems for collecting stormwater and wastewater
• Oil-water separators
• Emergency spill and overfill tanks
• Flow-through process tanks.
Additionally, states may establish regulations that prescribe more stringent UST design
standards. See Appendix B for state UST contact information.
5.4.2 LOCATION
USTs shall be located in consideration of existing building foundations. All USTs shall be set on
firm foundations. Distance or clearance of USTs from buildings should be in accordance with
section 2-4 of NFPA 30, including those requirements described below:
• For areas subject to traffic, the UST shall be protected with 3 feet of earth or with 18
inches of earth well tamped and 6 inches of reinforced concrete;
• For tanks storing Class I liquids, the distance from any part of the tank to the nearest wall
of any basement or pit shall not be less than 1 foot, and the distance to any property line
that may be built upon, not less than 3 feet;
• For tanks storing Class II or Ill liquids, the distance from any part of the tank to the
nearest wall of any basement or pit or to the nearest property line shall not be less than 1
foot.
5.4.3 DESIGN STANDARDS
All tanks and piping shall be designed according to 40 CFR Part 280, including referenced
national consensus standards (e.g., American Petroleum Institute standards), 40 CFR Part 112,
NFPA 30, 29 CFR Part 1910, and state and local requirements. Specific UST system design
requirements include:
22
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
• Corrosion Protection . All parts of the UST system that are underground and routinely
contain petroleum must have corrosion protection. This includes the tank, associated
piping, and any metal components (e.g., connectors, joints, fittings, and pumps). For
new UST systems installations, tank systems (including piping) must be constructed of
fiberglass-reinforced plastic or other noncorrodible material. Existing tanks made of
corrodible material (e.g., steel) must be provided cathodic protection. Approved
cathodic protection shall be designed in accordance with 40 CFR § 280.20(a)(2) and
(b)(2). Methods of cathodic protection include:
(1) Sacrificial Anode Systems: Facilities must test the systems in accordance with
nationally recognized practices, such as those developed by the National
Association of Corrosion Engineers. Qualified corrosion testers must test the
system within 6 months of installation, at least 3 years after a previous test, and
within 6 months of any repairs to a UST system. Facilities must keep the results
of at least the last two tests on file.
(2) Impressed Current Systems: Facilities must ensure performance by using the
same testing standards and schedule as sacrificial anode systems. Facility
personnel must inspect the impressed current rectifier at least every 60 days,
keeping records of at least the last 3 rectifier readings. Personnel must keep the
impressed current rectifier operating at all times.
(3) Internally Lined Tanks: This option is only available for tanks installed before
December 22, 1988. Within 10 years after lining installation and at least every 5
years thereafter, a trained professional must internally inspect the lining in
accordance with standard codes of practice. Facilities must keep records as
specified by industry standards for lining inspections.
• Spill and Overfill Euuinment . Spill and overfill protection equipment is required if the
UST ever receives more than 25 gallons at a time. Facilities must attach spill prevention
equipment (e.g., spill catchment basins or buckets) to prevent the release of product
when the transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe. Overfill prevention equipment
shall be installed to accomplish one or more of the following:
a. Automatically shut off flow into the tank at 95 percent capacity
b. Alert the transfer operator at 90 percent capacity with a high-level alarm or flow
gauge
c. Restrict flow 30 minutes prior to overfihling
d. Alert the transfer operator with high-level alann 1 minute before overfilling
e. Automatically shut off flow to prevent tank-top fittings from product exposure.
Facilities must ensure that the chosen overfill system is functioning properly by having a
qualified inspector periodically examine the system. Personnel should also properly
23
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
maintain the spill equipment empty of liquids; periodically check the catchment basin to
remove any debris; and periodically inspect the device to ensure that it is liquid tight.
Personnel should post signs that delivery persons can easily read, alerting them of the
overfill devices and alarms in use at the facility.
Secondary containment . Secondary containment must be provided for new petroleum-
hazardous-substance tanks installed at EPA facilities so that the tank system can contain
any released product until the product is detected and removed, thereby preventing the
release of regulated substances into the environment. Double-walled tanks should be
provided to contain a release from the inner tank and to allow for the detection of the
failure of the inner wall.
Vent pipes . Vent pipe requirements for USTs should be in accordance with NFPA 30,
including those requirements described below:
(1) For Class I liquid tanks, vent pipes shall be located so that the discharge point is
outside of buildings, higher than the fill pipe opening, and not less than 12 feet
above the adjacent ground level;
(2) For tanks containing Class II or III flammable liquid, vent pipes from tanks shall
terminate outside of buildings and higher than the fill pipe opening, with outlets
above normal snow level. Normal snow level can be calculated by using the
method presented in the International Building Code or another nationally
recognized method.
• Tank openings . Connections and openings for gauging, vapor recovery, and fill pipes
should be designed in accordance with NFPA 30, including, but not limited to, the
requirements described below:
(1) Connections for all tank openings and manual gauging openings should be liquid
tight.
(2) Fill and discharge lines shall enter through the top, and fill lines shall be sloped
toward the tank. Fill pipes that enter through the top shall terminate within 6
inches of the tank bottom.
(3) Class I liquid tanks having a capacity of greater than 1,000 gallons shall be
equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the tank
(4) Valves, openings, and connections for tanks equipped with vapor recovery shall
be designed in accordance with NFPA 30 and any other applicable requirements.
• Release Detection . All UST systems must be provided a method or combination of
methods that can detect a release from any portion of the tank. The release detection
method must be installed, calibrated, operated and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and must meet the requirements of 40 CFR § 280.43 and
§280.44. The chosen method must be capable of detecting a leak rate with a probability
24
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
of detection (Pd) of 0.95 and a probability of false alarm (Pfa) of 0.05. Facilities should
have documentation from the manufacturer, vendor, or installer indicating that the
method can meet the performance requirements. Acceptable methods of release
detection include:
(1) Automatic tank gauging (ATG) systems
(2) Secondary containment with interstitial monitoring
(3) Vapor monitoring
(4) Groundwater monitoring
(5) Agency approved methods that meet the performance standard (e.g., statistical
inventory reconciliation).
The following release detection methods can also be used under certain conditions:
(1) Tank Tightness Testing with Inventory Control: This method is generally
allowed for only 10 years (40 CFR §280.41). After such time, facilities must
switch to one of the more permanent methods listed above.
(2) Manual Tank Gauging: Tanks of 1,000 gallons or less can use this method as the
sole release detection method. Tanks with capacity between 1,001 and 2,000
gallons can use this method if combined with periodic tank tightness testing.
Tanks with volumes greater than 2,000 gallons cannot use manual tank gauging
as a method of release detection.
For piping associated with a UST system, the following release detection requirements
must be met:
(1) Pressurized piping: Pressurized piping must have an automatic line leak detector
(LLD) that can detect a leak within 1 hour at least as small as 3 gallons per hour
at 10 pounds per square inch line pressure. Upon detection, the system must
restrict product flow, shut off product flow, or trigger an audible or visual alarm.
Pressurized piping must also have either an annual line tightness test conducted
in accordance with 40 CFR §280.44(b) or one of the permanent monthly
monitoring methods for tanks (i.e., secondary containment, groundwater or vapor
monitoring, or an agency approved method meeting the performance criteria).
(2) Petroleum suction piping requires an annual line tightness test that meets the
standards of 40 CFR §280.44(b), or one of the permanent monthly monitoring
methods for tanks (i.e., secondary containment, groundwater or vapor
monitoring, or an agency approved method meeting the performance criteria).
Suction piping does not require release detection if the following conditions are
met:
• Below-grade piping operates at less than atmospheric pressure
• Below-grade piping is sloped so that the contents of the pipe will drain
back into the storage tank if suction is released
25
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
• Only one check valve is included in each suction line
• The check valve is located directly below, and as close as practical to,
the suction pump
• A method is provided that allows compliance with the above conditions
to be readily determined.
5.4.4 INSTALLATION AND CERTIFICATION
All tanks and piping must be properly installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. The following installation procedures may be used:
• American Petroleum Institute Publication 1615, Installation of Underground Petroleum
Storage System
• Petroleum Engineers Institute Publication RP100, Recommended Practices for
Installation of Underground Liquid Storage Systems
• ANSI standard B3 1.4, Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System.
One of the following testing, inspection, and certification methods should be used to demonstrate
the proper installation:
• The installer shall be certified by the tank and piping manufacturers or by the
implementing agency
• The installation shall either be inspected and certified by a registered professional
engineer with education and experience in UST system installation or shall be inspected
and approved by the implementing agency
• The manufacturer’s installation instructions (e.g., tank tightness tests, verification of
fitting and tank integrity, ventilation of tank position and anchors, validating cathodic
protection) have been performed and completed.
All UST system repairs must be made in accordance with 40 CFR §280.33 and nationally
recognized standards or according to independent laboratory testing requirements. Within 30
days of repair completion, all repaired UST systems must be tightness tested in compliance with
40 CFR §280.43(c) and §280.44(b).
5.4.5 CLOSURE
USTs may be closed either temporarily or permanently in accordance with the following
requirements:
• Temporary Closure . USTs may be closed temporarily under certain conditions.
Operation and maintenance of corrosion protection and release detection must continue
during temporary closure. if the UST is temporarily closed for 3 months or more, lines
and pumps must be capped and secured, and vent lines left open.
26
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
• Permanent Closure . Facilities must notify the UST regulatory agency at least 30 days
prior to final closure. Facility personnel must conduct a site assessment to determine if
contamination is present. The UST must be excavated and removed or left in place and
filled with an inert substance, such as sand or gravel. Facilities must keep closure
documentation for 3 years, or mail the records to the appropriate UST agency.
5.5 Aboveground Storage Tanks (AST5)
Facilities must design all aboveground tanks (ASTs) and piping according to 40 CFR Part 112,
NFPA 30 (Section 2.2), 29 CFR Part 1910, American Petroleum Institute standards, and state and
local requirements. Many states have adopted fire codes, technical standards, and permitting or
registration requirements to regulate ASTs. The most common provisions are secondary
containment standards, such as dike construction, impervious lining, and volume capacity
requirements. Other requirements include release detection, corrosion protection, overfill
protection, piping and valve standards, as well as impermeable barriers or double bottoms for
new ASTs. Chapters 2 and 3 of NFPA 30 include the following requirements for ASTs
exceeding a 660-gallon capacity:
• Location and spacing of ASTs shall be in accordance with NFPA 30
• Liquefied propane gas (LPG) containers shall be separated from flammable or
combustible-liquid storage tanks by 20 feet
• Volume of diked area shall not be less than the capacity of the largest tank within the
diked area and should meet other NFPA 30 requirements
• Tanks taken out of service or abandoned shall be emptied of liquid, rendered vapor-free,
and safeguarded against trespassing
• When vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class I liquids are adjacent to buildings or
public ways, vents should discharge 12 feet above ground level. In addition, facilities
must consider the placement of vent pipe outlets relative to building air intakes.
AST design requirements associated with spill prevention, control, and countermeasures (40
CFR Part 112) are described later in this chapter.
5.6 Inside Tanks
Tanks shall not be permitted inside buildings unless the storage of liquids in outside underground
or aboveground tanks is not practical because of government regulations, temperature
considerations, or production considerations. In such circumstances, facilities shall design and
maintain the tanks in accordance with 29 CFR Part 1910 and NFPA 30 where applicable.
Chapter 4 of the Safety and Health Manual discusses in more detail the requirements such as
separation, location, and ventilation of inside chemical storage areas.
27
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
5.7 Spill Prevention and Control Planning
EPA facilities that meet the applicability criteria of 40 CFR Part 112 shall determine the
potential spill risks associated with storing petroleum and hazardous substances and shall
perform an assessment of the magnitude of these risks to facilitate effective prevention and
control planning. Facilities must comply with the spill prevention control and countermeasures
(SPCC) requirements if both of the following conditions describe the facility operations:
• The facility is a non-transportation-related fixed facility that could reasonably expect to
discharge oil into or upon navigable waters of the U.S. or adjoining shorelines.
• The facility has 1) a total aboveground oil storage capacity of more than 1,320 gallons;
or 2) a total underground buried storage capacity of more than 42,000 gallons.
Facilities that meet the above criteria must comply with the following design and operational
requirements:
• Determination of potential spill risks . Potential spill risks are presented by petroleum
storage vessels of all kinds, including aboveground, underground, and internal storage
tanks; container and drum storage areas; flow systems (valves and controls); receiving
and shipping terminals; waste treatment and disposal areas; and large mineral oil
transformers. An accurate inventory of these spill risks shall be documented, including
the tank area, size, volume, storage capacity, contents, and function. A facility layout
shall be prepared identifying the spill risk areas and probable dispersion pathways,
topography, facility boundaries, and all buildings and structures. The preventive
systems, sources of water for fire fighting, and service and emergency facilities relative
to the spill risk areas shall be clearly represented in the layout. Major community
receptors related to the spill risk area shall be represented on the layout or on a separate
layout.
• Risk assessment . Spill prevention and control planning requires performance of a risk
assessment of the type of material storage, the quantity and type of material, and the
incompatible surrounding storage conditions. There should be an evaluation of whether
multiple or single releases could occur and what impact the release would have given the
potential exposure pathways, direction and rate of spill flow, and the sensitive
environmental areas and natural resources surrounding the storage area and facility.
Sensitive environmental areas may include waterways, wetlands, recreational and park
areas, forests, and wildlife sanctuaries. Natural resources, such as fish and wildlife,
forest, waterways, agriculture, and groundwater critical to the local community, shall be
assessed and the required measures taken to mitigate risk.
• Secondary containment for covered facilities . Facilities shall have appropriate secondary
containment or diversionary structures to prevent discharged petroleum products from
reaching navigable waters. For onshore facilities these may include, but are not limited
to, dikes, berms, and retaining walls; curbing; culverts, gutters, or other drainage
systems; weirs, booms, or other barriers; spill diversion ponds; retention ponds; and
sorbent materials. (See memorandum from Don Clay on the Use of Alternative
28
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Secondary Containment Measures at Facilities Regulated Under the Oil Pollution
Prevention Regulation [ 40 CFR Part 112] in Appendix F of this Manual.)
Secondary containment for bulk storage tank systems . Bulk storage tanks shall be
compatible with the material stored and provide secondary containment for the entire
contents of the largest tank plus freeboard for precipitation. These tanks shall include
drainage and alternative containment, high-liquid-level alarms and pump,
communication, and liquid-level sensors and gauges in accordance with 40 CFR
§ 112.8(c). Facilities must position portable tanks to prevent spills from reaching
navigable waters and away from areas prone to flooding.
Drainage systems . Facilities must control drainage of diked storage areas by using
manual openlclose valves. Undiked areas must drain into ponds, lagoons, or catchment
basins that are designed to avoid flooding. Facilities shall use a diversion system to
retain uncontrolled spills when there is final discharge of all in-plant ditches. In
addition, facilities shall create treatment units for drainage, which can be used for gravity
flow or backup pumping systems. Drainage areas shall prevent oil from reaching
navigable waters in the event of equipment failure or human error.
• Security . Security measures for tanks must follow the provisions of 40 CFR § 112.7(g),
including, but not limited to, fencing, entrance gates with locks, locking valves and pump
controls, capped, locked and marked transfer points, and adequate lighting for visibility
at night.
• Facility transfer operations . Aboveground pipelines shall be properly located allowing
for regular integrity and leak inspections. Pipe supports shall avoid abrasion and
corrosion and allow for expansion and contraction. Newly installed or replacement
buried piping must have a protective wrapping and coating. If a pipeline is expected to
be out of service for an extended period of time, facilities must cap and/or blank flange
the terminal connection design of the transfer point and mark the origin.
29
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 6 - Toxic Substances Management
6.1 Purpose
This chapter describes standards for the safe management of hazardous arid toxic substances,
including polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, asbestos, radon, and lead.
6.2 References
Unless otherwise specified, management and abatement of toxic substances shall follow the
guidelines specified in this chapter and the following guidance documents:
• Guidance for Controlling Asbestos Materials in Buildings, EPA56O/5-85-024 (July
1985)
• Managing Asbestos in Place: A Building Owner’s Guide to Operations and
Maintenance Programs for Asbestos-Containing Materials, EPA 20T-2003 (July 1990)
• Policy and Program for the Management ofAsbestos-Containing Building Materials at
EPA Facilities.
6.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Section 6(e) prohibits the manufacture, processing,
and distribution in commerce of PCBs after 1978. Therefore, EPA facilities shall not install
PCI3-containing transfonners, capacitors, switches, or other types of electrical equipment. All
dielectric fluid-containing equipment currently in use, including transformers and capacitors
manufactured before 1978, must be evaluated to determine PCB content. Equipment found to
contain PCBs must be labeled in accordance with 40 CFR §761.40 and registered and should be
prioritized for removal.
Light ballasts used within fluorescent light assemblies may also contain PCBs if manufactured
before 1978. Such ballasts must be evaluated for PCB content upon removal for routine
maintenance or as part of formal ener ’ conservation upgrades (e.g., Energy Star upgrade
projects). PCB concentration information can often be obtained by contacting the ballast
manufacturer and providing the equipment lot and serial number. Ballasts can generally be sent
to municipal landfills, but preference should be given to PCB ballast recycling and recovery
facilities. Ballasts found to be leaking must be sent to an approved TSCA facility (See Appendix
F - Lighting Waste Guidance).
PCBs may also be present in EPA laboratories as analytical standards. For analytical standards
with concentrations of 50 ppm or greater, the storage container/area must be marked with the
PCB label. All PCB wastes resulting from research activities (e.g., spent laboratory samples,
residuals, contaminated pipettes) must be stored and disposed appropriately as described below.
Special handling and storage requirements apply to any waste material with a concentration
greater than 50 ppm of PCBs. PCB containers and PCB items containing over 50 ppm of PCBs
31
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
may be stored for up to one year prior to disposal. Storage facilities must meet the following
design requirements:
• Be protected by roof and walls to prevent the infiltration of rainwater or runoff of PCBs,
and have smooth, impervious flooring without drains, cracks, or expansion joints
• Have continuous curbing of a minimum 6-inch height sufficient to contain at least 25
percent of the volume of containers being stored
• Have posted on the outside entrance of the facility or area the official PCB mark shown
in 40 CFR §76 1.45.
In addition, PCB storage areas must be inspected at least every 30 days and records of the
inspections must be maintained. EPA allows for temporary storage (up to 30 days) of PCB
wastes in areas that do not meet the design requirements above, for provided that these temporary
storage areas are labeled, and the containers marked and not leaking. SPCC plans must also be
prepared and implemented for temporary storage areas where containers of liquid PCBs at
concenirations between 50 and 500 ppm are stored. SPCC plans are not required for long-term
storage areas. Refer to Chapter 5 of this Manual for a description of SPCC requirements.
If the facility disposes of PCB wastes, the facility must obtain an EPA identification number,
prepare manifests for all PCB wastes shipped off site, and obtain certificates of disposal for all
shipments.
6.4 Mercury
Mercury is a common ingredient in most energy-efficient lamps, such as fluorescent and high
intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Lamps that contain enough mercury to exceed the toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) level of 0.2 mgfL are hazardous wastes regulated under
RCRA. Upon removal of mercury-containing lamps for disposal, facilities must determine if the
lamps are considered hazardous by either testing the lamps or obtaining manufacturer
information regarding the mercury content of the lamps.
Hazardous lamps must be managed either under the traditional hazardous waste regulations or as
universal wastes. If the lamps are managed as hazardous wastes, facilities must follow the
hazardous waste generator requirements described in Chapter 4 of this volume and must dispose
the lamps at a hazardous waste landfill or a lamp recycling facility. Lamps may also be managed
under the streamlined provisions of the Universal Waste Rule (40 CFR Part 273), created to
encourage the recycling of consumer products with specific toxic or hazardous constituents.
Universal waste standards require the facility to:
• Store unbroken lamps in a box or fiber drum to prevent breakage and keep that container
in a secure, protected area
• Label the Container “Universal Waste Lamps,” “Waste Lamps,” or “Used Lamps” and
mark it with the date on which accumulation began
32
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
• Have these lamps collected by or deliver them to an authorized lamp recycler, hazardous
waste transporter, or another universal waste handler within one year of the date marked
on the container.
Lamp wastes generated in small quantities (see “Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity
Generators” in Chapter 4 of this volume) and used lamps that do not test hazardous under RCRA
can generally be disposed in a properly managed municipal solid waste landfill (RCRA Subtitle
D facility). Facilities must check with state environmental agencies for information on more
stringent disposal requirements.
6.5 Lead
New facility construction, modification, and renovation actions shall not use lead-based paints.
When a construction activity requires sanding, burning, welding, or scraping of existing painted
surfaces, the paint must be tested for lead content before any such activities begin. If any lead is
found, appropriate risk-control measures must be implemented in accordance with 29 CFR
§ 1910.1025 and 29 CFR § 1926.62 for lead and 29 CFR § 1926.353 for ventilation when welding
or cutting.
Lead compounds in paints and other interior coatings are of particular concern in child-care
facilities. In these facilities, all surface coatings should be tested for lead, and coatings should be
removed if they contain lead. For further guidance, see the EPA publication Reducing Lead
Hazards When Remodeling Your Home, EPA 747-K-97-0Ol, September 1997.
Lead-containing plumbing, lead-based solder, lead-soldered tanks and valves shall not be used
for potable drinking water supplies. Drinking water plumbing products (faucets, valves, fittings,
piping) shall be prohibited from use in EPA facilities unless they bear the National Sanitation
Foundation (NSF) Standard 61 certifying mark indicating compliance with the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
6.6 Radon
EPA seeks to limit the presence of radon and radon daughters at EPA facilities. Building
materials, such as concrete and aggregate stone, shall be selected from sources with low
probability of radioactivity. Radon concentrations identified above the EPA action level of
4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) should be addressed through appropriate engineering and
administrative controls. In areas known to have high radon in structures, buildings shall be
designed to include preventive techniques such as caulking of all joints between concrete slab
and walls below grade, caulking of all pipe penetrations, and venting of all nonoccupied spaces
below grade. Radon in drinking water supplies, measured as combined radium-226 and radium-
228, shall not exceed 5 pCi/L.
6.7 Asbestos
Asbestos, and facility-related products that contain asbestos, shall not be installed in any EPA
facility. Existing asbestos shall be managed in accordance with the EPA publication Policy and
33
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
Program for the Management ofAsbestos-Containing Building Materials at EPA Facilities.
Specific procedures related to asbestos-containing materials (ACM) are as follows:
Ensure that the facility has been inspected for ACM in accordance with the EPA
publication Guidance for Controlling Asbestos Materials in Buildings, 29 CFR
§ 1926.58, and 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M. Ensure that leased space is, or has been,
inspected or certified for the presence of asbestos,
• If ACM is present, and if it is in good condition and is not likely to be disturbed, ensure
that a management program is implemented to manage the asbestos in place in
accordance with the EPA publication Managing Asbestos in Place.’ A Building Owner’s
Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programs for Asbestos-Containing Materials.
• If ACM is present and is not in good condition or is likely to be disturbed during routine
operations or construction activities, the asbestos must be abated in accordance with the
EPA publication Managing Asbestos in Place: A Building Owner ‘s Guide to Operations
and Maintenance Pro grams for Asbestos-Containing Materials and the criteria contained
in 29 CFR §1926.58.
• Ensure that a prealteration asbestos assessment is performed, supplementing available
information as appropriate, for any activity that may disturb any ACM. Conduct the
asbestos assessment in accordance with the guidelines and requirements mentioned
above.
34
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 7 - Pesticides
7.1 Purpose
This chapter describes the safe handling and proper application of pesticides at EPA owned,
leased or occupied facilities. Specific topics discussed in this section include pesticide storage
and application, and the use of integrated pest management.
7.2 References
Unless otherwise specified in this Manual or approved by the Architecture, Engineering and
Asset Management Branch (AEAMB) and the Safety, Health and Environmental Management
Division (S1-IEMD), pesticide storage areas shall conform to applicable local building codes and
NFPA 101. Pesticide application shall conform to applicable state standards based on 40 CFR
Part 171.
7.3 Pesticide Storage
Any facility storing pesticides classified as highly toxic or moderately toxic (40 CFR Part 156),
and whose labels are required to bear the signal words “Danger,” “Poison,” or “Warning,” or the
skull and crossbones symbol, should inventory and monitor its storage facilities even if
application is performed by a licensed contractor. Pesticide storage areas shall be identified by
signs placed on rooms, buildings, and fences to advise of the contents and warn of their
hazardous nature. Signage on the outside of pesticide storage areas shall include “Danger,”
“Poison,” or “Pesticide Storage,” or use the NFPA 704 hazard classification system. Pesticide
storage facilities should be designed with the following safeguards:
• Facilities should be dry, well-ventilated areas within a separate room, building, or
covered area that is provided with fire protection.
• Eyewash and safety shower equipment should be available to users of the pesticide
storage area (See Chapter 4 of this Manual for information on emergency equipment and
showers).
• Facilities should be protected by security measures such as locks and fences to prevent
unauthorized entry.
• To prevent runoff of pesticides and pesticide-contaminated residues, facilities should
have secondary containment systems such as dikes, berms, or other devices that are
separate from the facility sanitary sewer or stormwater collection system.
• Where feasible, a wash basin should be present for collecting and containing wastewater
from decontaminating pesticide application equipment.
35
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
7.4 Pesticide Use and Disposal
Pesticide application at EPA facilities shall be conducted in accordance with the pesticide label
instructions. Protective equipment shall be worn while handling and mixing pesticides.
Restricted use pesticides may be applied only by or under the direct supervision of trained and
certified applicators.
Disposal instructions for excess and residue pesticides are typically described on the pesticide
label. All residues and rinsates should be collected and used according to their labeled
application method or they should be mixed similar solutions of the pesticide. Alternatively, the
pesticide residues may be given to another pesticide applicator to use according to label
directions. If the pesticide is a restricted use pesticide, it can be given only to a licensed
applicator. If the pesticide will be disposed, it must be sent to an approved disposal facility.
Refer to Chapter 4 of this Manual for requirements for disposal of pesticides classified as
hazardous wastes.
7.5 Integrated Pest Management
Integrated pest management (1PM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to
manage pest damage by the most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people,
property, and the environment. 1PM programs take advantage of all pest management options
possibly including, but not limited to, the judicious use of pesticides. Prevention and control of
pest populations is focused on creating inhospitable environments, by removing some of the
basic elements pests need to survive, or by blocking their access into buildings. Pests can also be
managed by other methods such as traps and vacuums.
EPA facilities shall consider 1PM measures to reduce the need for pesticide applications,
including sanitation and structural repair, and employing physical and mechanical controls such
as screens, traps, weeders, and air doors. For example, special attention shall be given to
minimizing development of rodent warrens (e.g., nests) in areas such as garbage collection areas,
dumpsters, and cafeterias.
7.6 Antifoulant Paints
Tributyltin (TBT) compounds are registered for use in paint formulations as antifoulants on
vessel hulls and other marine structures to inhibit the growth of aquatic organisms such as
barnacles and algae. All TBT antifouling paints used in EPA marine vessels shall meet the
following conditions to minimize potential impacts on human health and the environment:
• Average daily release rate of 4.0 mg/organism/cm 2 per day or less
• Not used on nonaluminum vessels that are less than 82 feet long (non-TBT paints must
be used on these types of vessels)
• Classified as restricted pesticides (only sold to and applied by certified commercial
applicators)
• Labeled in compliance with OSHA regulations
36
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
In addition, antifoulant paints containing mercury shall not be used for interior finishes, as they
are intended solely for exterior applications. A list of certified antifoulant paint manufacturers
can be obtained by contacting the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Division at
(703) 308-6411.
37
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 8 — Radioactive Materials Management
8.1 Purpose
This chapter describes the methods for managing radioactive materials to ensure regulatory
compliance and protection of the public, the workers, and the environment at EPA owned, leased
or occupied facilities. Each EPA facility that maintains a radioactive materials license, must
develop, document, and implement a radiation protection program commensurate with the scope
and extent of licensed activities.
8.2 References
The primary federal agency with responsibility for the management of radioactive materials is
the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). NRC licenses and regulates the commercial
use of radioactive materials. NRC may relinquish portions of its regulatory authority to states,
referred to as Agreement States. All operations involving radioactive material shall comply with
the NRC regulations listed below, as well as state and local restrictions.
• 10 CFR Part 19— Notices, Instructions, Reports to Workers: Inspection and
Investigations
• 10 CFR Part 20— Standards for Protection Against Radiation
• 10 CFR Part 21 — Reporting of Defects and Noncompliance
• 10 CFR Part 30— Domestic Licensing of Byproduct Material
• 10 CFR Part 71 — Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material
Further requirements and guidance for EPA facilities is contained in EPA Manual 1440, Volume
2, Safety, Health and Environmental Management Guidelines. Specifically, Section 38
Radiation Safety and Health Protection Program addresses practices, procedures and training to
help ensure EPA workers’ exposure to ionizing radiation is maintained as low as reasonably
achievable (ALARA).
In addition to the regulations listed above, guidance for regulatory compliance is available in
published Regulatory Guides and standards. Suggested guidance documents and applicable
sections of EPA SHEMD’s Safely, Health and Environmental Management Guidelines that offer
additional resources are provided in each section.
8.3 Policy Statement
Operations involving radioactive materials handled at EPA facilities shall be conducted in
accordance with this policy:
• All operations shall comply with the requirements and the intent of the facility license.
• All operations shall be performed only as directed in written procedures.
• All operations shall be performed under the direction of management.
• Personnel working with radioactive material shall be trained in the basic concepts of
39
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Requirements
radiation safety.
• All required records shall be prepared and maintained in accordance with written
procedures.
• EPA is committed to the principle of keeping radiation doses to ALARA.
Section 38-06 of EPA SHEMD’s Safety, Health and Environmental Management Guidelines
addresses the dose limitation system and ALARA principles for EPA facilities. Also refer to
Regulatory Guide 8.10, Operating Philosophy for Maintaining Occupational Radiation
Exposures As Low As Is Reasonably Achievable, for methods for an acceptable ALARA
program. Special considerations addressing the use of radioactive material is contained in the
Health Physics Manual of Good Practices for Reducing Radiation Exposure to Levels That Are
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA), Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL-6577).
8.4 General Design Considerations
Design information that must be provided in license or permit applications should be reviewed to
identify aspects of the design that are of particular interest to the NRC or the Agreement State, as
appropriate. Consideration should also be given to configuring sample-receiving areas to
accommodate the equipment to screen unknown samples for radiation contamination, as
appropriate for the scope of facility operations. For a typical EPA laboratory facility, this
information is available in NRC Regulatory Guide 10.7, Guide for the Preparation of
Applications for License for Laboratory and Industrial Use of Small Quantities of Byproduct
Material.
8.5 Employee Training
Section 19.12 of 10 CFR Part 19 requires that persons that may receive 100 millirem in a year be
instructed in the health protection issues associated with exposure to radioactive materials or
radiation. NRC Regulatory Guide 8.29, Instruction Concerning Risks from Occupational
Radiation Exposure, describes the instruction that should be provided to the worker concerning
health risks from occupational exposure.
EPA also requires sufficient training be provided to personnel working in designated radiation
areas and around sources of ionizing radiation. In addition to basic radiation safety training,
biennial refresher training and advanced radiation training for defined workers must be included
as part of the training program. EPA SHEMD’ s Safety, Health and Environmental Management
Guidelines Section 38-05 provides the knowledge base that should be demonstrated by
successful completion of an examination for personnel required to attend radiation safety
training.
8.6 Monitoring of Radiation
Radiation monitoring is an important element in the overall requirements for radiation protection.
Requirements and guidance for monitoring are contained in EPA SHEMD’s Safety, Health and
Environmental Management Guidelines Section 38-07. Discussion includes monitoring for
external and internal exposure, radon exposure, administrative control limits, contractor, and
visitor monitoring. The standard ANSI N13.2-1969, Guide for Administrative Practices in
Radiation Monitoring, also provides general guidance as to monitoring programs and should be
40
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
reviewed during the early planning stages or engineering phase of any new installation, as well as
during operation, in order to provide an adequate radiation monitoring program.
EPA facilities must monitor exposures to radiation and radioactive material at levels sufficient to
demonstrate compliance with dose limits established in Section 38-06 of EPA SHEMD’s Safety,
Health and Environmental Management Guidelines. EPA has established an administrative
control level of 500 mrem committed effective dose equivalent from intake plus external whole-
body dose in any period of 12 consecutive months.
EPA facilities with NRC licenses must also comply with the monitoring requirements of 10 CFR
Part 20. Monitoring of an individual’s external radiation exposure is required by 10 CFR
20.1502(a) if the dose is likely to exceed 10% of the dose limit. The personnel monitoring
program must provide for a continuing review of radiation exposure to individuals with
mechanisms to assure against over exposure, and periodic reports to the individuals and the
NRC. The requirements for recording individual monitoring results are contained in 10 CFR
§20.2106. Listed below are several Regulatory Guides that address personnel monitoring.
• Regulatory Guide 8.2, Guide for Administrative Practices in Radiation Monitoring
• Regulatory Guide 8.4, Direct-Reading and Indirect-Reading Pocket Dosimeters
• Regulatory Guide 8.7, Instructions for Recording and Reporting Occupational Radiation
Exposure Data
• Regulatory Guide 8.28, Audible-Alarm Dosimeters
• Regulatory Guide 8.34, Monitoring Criteria and Methods to Calculate Occupational
Radiation Doses
• Regulatory Guide 8.36, Radiation Dose to the Embryo/Fetus
Monitoring of the intake of radioactive material is required by 10 CFR §20.1502(b) if the intake
is likely to exceed 0.1 annual limit on intake (ALl) during the year. Air sampling in the
workplace is an acceptable method for meeting the dose assessment requirements. In addition, a
bioassay program may also be used to measure the deposition of radioisotopes in potentially
exposed personnel. Regulatory Guide 8.9, Acceptable Concepts, Models, Equations, and
Assumptions for a Bioassay Program, and Regulatory Guide 8.25, Air Sampling in the
Workplace, provide additional direction on acceptable methods for monitoring personnel internal
exposures to radioactive material.
An environmental program may be established to monitor potential exposure to the public and
for the radiological impact of the facility’s operations. An environmental monitoring program
may include effluent air samples, water samples, soil samples, and ambient radiation. Design
engineers should consult the Radiation Safety Officer to determine if special considerations
should be made for sampling stations.
Most EPA laboratories do not use sufficient quantities of radioactive material to require special
emission control or monitoring equipment to meet established public radiation exposure limits in
10 CFR Part 20, Subpart D, beyond conventional laboratory engineering controls. Special use
facilities or operations potentially handling significant quantities of radioactive materials should
be evaluated on a case-by-case basis for specialized systems or controls necessary to fulfill
established NRC limits in 10 CFR Part 20 or applicable license conditions.
41
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
8.7 Workplace Control for Airborne Radioactive Material
NRC requires the use of engineered controls (e.g., radioisotope fume hoods, glove boxes) as the
primary means of protecting workers from exposure to airborne contaminants, including
radioactive materials. Sealed sources generally require no special precautions. For the low
concentrations of radioactive materials in powder or liquid form typically used at EPA facilities,
the confinement afforded by a radioisotope laboratory fume hood will generally provide adequate
control (see also Chapter 4 of the Safety and Health Manual and Section 15 of the A&E
Guidelines for additional guidance). In general, airflow should always be from clean to
contaminated areas, and ductwork and other components should include design features that
minimize the potential for internal accumulation of radioactive materials as well as to facilitate
decontamination. In some situations, the Radiation Safety Officer may determine that
radioactive materials used by the facility are of low enough radioactivity to be used safely within
a conventional laboratory fume hood.
Extensive guidance on design of systems for controlling airborne radioactive material, both in the
workplace and in emissions from a facility, is available in the Nuclear Air Cleaning Handbook,
Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) 76-21, and in Nuclear Power Plant
Air Cleaning Units and Components, ANSllAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
N509.
8.8 Workplace Control for Surface Contamination
Facilities where unsealed radioactive sources or material will be used shall include design
features to minimize the potential for contamination of surfaces with radioactive material and to
facilitate decontamination. Construction materials and methods should be specified that
minimize cracks, crevices, and porous materials that can readily accumulate contamination.
Work surfaces should be sealed, and seamless flooring rather than tiles should be considered.
The standards contained in ANSI N5 12, Protective Coatings for Nuclear Applications, shall be
considered.
8.9 Access Control
NRC regulations contain requirements for “restricted areas.” Restricted areas are defined as any
area to which the facility licensee limits access for purposes of protecting individuals against
undue risks from exposure to radiation or radioactive materials. Such areas, including waste
storage facilities, shall be posted in accordance with the radiation caution signs specified in 10
CFR §20.1901 through §20.1903.
Activities with radioactive material shall be performed within an area where physical access can
be controlled. Space may be required at the egress to the restricted area to facilitate monitoring
of personnel or items for radioactive contamination. Additionally, more stringent regulatory
requirements for controlling access to smaller areas within the restricted area may apply
depending on the radiation levels and quantities and form of radioactive material. High-hazard
facilities with containment provided within the laboratory shall consider using special
engineering design features such as an airlock with interlocked doors or special air-monitoring
42
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
and warning systems. Lockable cabinets are necessary for storing radioactive materials that are
not in use. Design engineers must consult with individuals familiar with both the intended use of
the facility and the applicable regulatory requirements to ensure that appropriate physical access
controls are included in the design.
8.10 Shielding
Special shielding may be required to limit the radiation dose rates within the restricted area to
levels consistent with EPA administrative limits for occupational radiation exposure and, outside
of the restricted area, to levels specified in NRC regulations. Proper shield design requires
knowledge of the maximum inventory of each isotope of radioactive material and where and how
it will be used or stored in the facility. High-energy electronic radiation-generating devices may
also require shielding. Detailed guidance on radiation shielding design is available in ANSI
N43.3, General Radiation Safety Installations Using Non-Medical X-ray and Sealed Gamma Ray
Sources for Energies up to 10 Me V and EPA’s Safely Guidelines for the Installation and
Operation of X-Ray Generating Equipment at EPA Facilities.
8.11 Waste Management
NRC regulations 10 CFR §20.2003 impose strict conditions on the discharge of radioactive
materials to sanitary sewers. In designing a new facility, determination should be made as to
whether the quantities and chemical and physical forms of liquid radioactive wastes can be
disposed of in accordance with those regulations. If not, a liquid radioactive waste and mixed
waste storage and treatment system must be provided. Facility design should provide for
segregation of radioactive waste, where practicable, from all other types of liquid wastes,
particularly hazardous chemicals,
Facilities that will use solid radioactive materials, other than sealed sources, which may generate
radioactive waste should be provided with adequate space for temporary storage, packaging,
monitoring, and preparing shipments to an authorized disposal facility. Provisions should be
made for monitoring potentially contaminated waste prior to packaging so that contaminated and
uncontaminated wastes can be segregated. Depending on the types and quantities of radioactive
material used in the facility, shielding and/or physical access controls may be required for the
solid waste storage area.
Mixed low-level radioactive waste is regulated under both the NRC regulations and the
hazardous waste management standards promulgated pursuant to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. Therefore, the storage and management of these wastes require compliance with
the requirements of this chapter and the hazardous waste standards in Chapter 4 of this Manual.
The generation of these wastes should be minimized.
8.12 Transport of Radioactive Materials
Regulations of the Department of Transportation (DOT), NRC, and the U.S. Postal Service
(USPS), specif ’ certain procedures, limits, and documentation requirements for radioactive
material shipments. The DOT regulates the shipments while they are in transit, and sets
standards for labeling and smaller quantity packages. The NRC oversees the safety of the
43
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
transportation of radioactive materials through a combination of regulatory requirements,
transportation package certification, inspections, and a system of monitoring to ensure that safety
requirements are being met. The DOT regulations for transporting hazardous materials,
including radioactive materials, are contained in 49 CFR Parts 171 — 179. The NRC has the
responsibility for transferring radioactive materials that exceed Type A quantities as defmed in
10 CFR Part 71. In addition, the NRC is responsible for overseeing compliance of licensees for
the DOT regulations involving radioactive material. Title 39 CFR Part 124 contains the USPS
regulations for the transport of radioactive material through the mail.
8.13 Emergency Planning
Section 3 8-09 of EPA SHEMD’s Safety, Health and Environmental Management Guidelines
requires written emergency plans and procedures be developed, implemented, and executed prior
to the start of work. Depending on the quantity of radioactive material that a facility is licensed
to posses, an NRC approved emergency response plan may also be required. The criteria and
recommendations contained in NUREG-O654IFEMA-REP- 1, Criteria for Preparation and
Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear
Power P/ants, are considered by the NRC to be acceptable methods for complying with NRC
standards that must be met in onsite and offsite emergency response plans.
The facility design should emphasize the use of prevention features to limit the release of
radioactive material in the event of an incident. Prevention is the use of design features to reduce
the frequency of events that could result in radiological release. Prevention features should be
incoiporated into the design to ensure that the operational controls important to radiological
safety are not compromised during an event. The design of systems for controlling radioactive
material should consider events such as loss-of-power, fire, and inclement weather to determine
the impact on the safety systems ability to control radioactive material.
8.14 Recordkeeping
Radiation protection program and systems that support operations involving radioactive materials
must be well documented. As part of the written radiation protection program, procedures,
requirements on recordkeeping, reporting, and retention of records should be addressed in
accordance with NRC regulations. During the engineering and construction phase of any new
installation that supports licensed activities, the drawings and operating instructions shall be
documented and verified that the system is built and operates within specifications. A
compilation of all reporting requirements applicable to various types of NRC licenses is included
in Regulatory Guide 10.1, Compilation of Reporting Requirements for Persons Subject to NRC
Regulations.
In accordance with Section 38-08 of EPA SHEMD’s Safety, Health and Environmental
Management Guidelines, facilities must maintain a computer-based Radiation Safety Information
System (RADSIMS) for storing exposure records for all participating EPA workers.
44
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 9 - National Environmental Policy Act
9.1 Purpose
The purpose of this chapter is to present procedural guidance for EPA Regional Site Mangers
and Headquarter’s Project Mangers on the requirements of NEPA. This chapter presents
information and procedures for the proper implementation of NEPA and for the integration of
environmental impact analysis/assessment into EPA’s project management process for property
transfers, closures, acquisitions, new construction, renovations, and new additions. The
strategies and procedures stated in this chapter should be used for all projects employing building
and facility (B&F) funds and may be applied to projects employing alternative funding.
9.2 References
These guidelines are designed to comply with the following NEPA guidance documents,
regulations, and statues. Unless otherwise specified herein, the execution of projects that are
considered to be “major Federal actions,” potentially causing environmental and socioeconomic
consequences shall conform to the requirements of NEPA as specified below:
• The National Environmental Policy Act, 42 United States Code 4321 - 4347, as amended
by Pub. L. 94- 52, July 3, 1975 and Pub. L. 94-83. August 9, 1975
• 40 CFR Part 6, Subpart I (EPA NEPA Regulations)
• 40 CFR Parts 1500 to 1508 (Council on Environmental Quality [ CEQ] NEPA
Regulations)
• National Environmental Policy Act Review Procedures for EPA Facilities, May 1998
• NEPA General Information Pamphlet, March 2001
• NEPA General Information, Regulatory Cross-Cutters, and Project Level Compliance
Booklet
Basic NEPA terms used throughout this chapter are defined below in Figure 9-1. Additional
terms are explained in Appendix F of the NEPA Review Procedures for EPA Facilities.
9.3 Overview of NEPA Process / General Program Requirements
NEPA ensures that environmental impacts and associated public concerns ai considered in
decision of Federal projects. EPA and other Federal agencies follow a three-tiered procedures
review process when an action that could affect the environment is proposed. This chapter
focuses on the overall NEPA process or methodology and provides specific instruction in
preparing documents for tiers 1 and 2 of the NEPA process. Figure 9-2 gives an overview of the
process. Tier 1 determines whether the project qualifies for a categorical exclusion (CX). Tier 2
determines whether the project qualifies for a finding of not significant impact (FNSI) after
performing an environmental assessment (EA). If no significant impacts are discovered in the
EA process the project qualifies for a FNSL If significant impacts are discovered in the EA
process, an EIS must be prepared. Tier 3 entails preparing an EIS and issuing a Record of
Decision (ROD). Each of these tiers is discussed in greater detail in Chapters 2 to 4 of the
45
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
National Environmental Policy Act Review Procedures for EPA Facilities and pages 4 to 21 of
Understanding the Environmental Policy Act: A Self-Study Training Booklet.
________________ Figure 9-1. Definitions
Categorical Categories of actions which do not individually, cumulatively over time, or in
Exclusion conjunction with other Federal, State, local, or private actions have a significant
(CX): effect on the quality of the human environment and which have been identified as
having no such effect based on the requirements in 40 CFR §6.505, may be
exempted from the substantive environmental review requirements for this part.
Environmental information documents, environmental assessments (EA5), or
environmental impact statements (ElSs) will not be required for excluded actions.
A CX is prepared to document that a project will not cause significant
environmental impacts.
Environmental
Assessment
(EA):
A concise document prepared to provide sufficient data, evidence, and analysis
to determine whether an environmental impact statement (EIS) or finding of no
significant impact (FNSI) is required for an action. Preparing a formal EA is not
necessary in cases where the EPA determines that a CX is appropriate or when
an EIS will automatically be prepared.
Environmental
Impact
Statement (EIS):
A detailed, succinct document required if Federal actions are likely to have
significant impacts on the environment. The document may be directly prepared
if the project is presumed to have a significant impact or if an environmental
assessment (EA) determines that an EIS should be prepared. An EIS provides the
public and decision makers with clear, written documentation of possible
environmental effects.
Finding of
No Significant
Impact (FNSI):
A document providing succinct evidence of why a proposed action will not have
a significant impact on the environment. An accepted FNSI nullifies the
requirement for submission of an environmental impact statement (EIS).
Notice of Intent
(NOl):
A brief notice placed in the Federal Register by EPA, notifying readers that EPA is
considering a major action and that an EIS will be prepared to consider the
consequences of a major Federal action. The NOl describes the proposed action
and possible alternatives, details the proposed scoping process (le., location and
time of meetings), and provides the name and address of a point of contact (POC)
within EPA to answer questions about the proposed action and the EIS.
Record of
Decision
(ROD):
A concise, public environmental document, required under the provisions of 40
CFR §1505.2, stating the final decision on an action for which a final EIS has been
prepared on a proposed major Federal action and the alternatives considered by
EPA. Furthermore, a ROD states whether all precautions to avoid or minimize
injury to the environment were adopted, and if not, includes a statement explaining
why precautions were not taken. RODs must be made available to the public and
disseminated to parties that commented on the draft and final EIS.
46
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Figure 9-2. Overview of NEPA Process
V
Tier I Analysis
Categorical
Exclusion
(CX)
YES
NO
I
TIer 2 Analysis:
Environmental
Assessment
(Eh)
Tiø3An2iysI
EtMronnirnt
Iniiact Sli1en mt
(EIS)
Record 01
Decision
(ROD)
j
47
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
On rare occasion, a project is granted a statutory exception (as determined by the Office
of General Counsel) or an emergency deviation is granted by the Assistant Administrator
of the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA). Otherwise, all
projects that are considered to be potential major federal actions, with potential
environmental impacts are subjected to the NEPA review process. For further
information on a statutory exception or an emergency deviation, see the NEPA Review
Procedures for EPA Facilities, Chapter 2, page 2-1 and Chapter 3, pages 3-1 and 3-2.
9.4 EPA Responsibilities
AEAMB is responsible for ensuring that all construction projects comply with NEPA
regulations. A responsible official is designated’ for each construction project. In cases where
AEAMB receives and manages design and construction funding, the Chief of AEAMB is the
responsible for NEPA matters. If design and construction funding is received and managed by
one of the EPA Regional Offices or Laboratories, the Regional Administrator (RA) or
Laboratory Director is designated responsible official or by one of EPA’s Program Offices, the
Assistant Administrator (AA) or an individual is designated the responsible official. lithe office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM), Research Triangle Park (RTP), or
Cincinnati is responsible for design and construction funding, the Directors of
OARM/RTP/Cincinnati are considered the responsible officials. If the EPA is working with the
General Services Administration (GSA to construct new space, the GSA is the lead agency and
will prepare the environmental documentation with the cooperation of EPA on design and use
specifications. The responsible official is charged with ensuring that the procedures outlined in
this manual are completed for all major action construction projects.
For further information in EPA staff roles and responsibilities, please refer to page 1-2 of the
National Environmental Policy Act Review Procedures for EPA Facilities.
9.5 Project-Level Compliance
The NEPA review process should not be viewed as an independent activity, but rather as an
integral component of a project’s environmental compliance program. At the outset of a project,
the NEPA the NEPA review facilitates the assessment of project-specific variables, including
regulatory, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. To assist in identifying relevant project
considerations, personnel overseeing NEPA review activities should consult with the appropriate
Regional NEPA Coordinator (see Appendix A of the National Environmental Policy Act Review
Procedures for EPA Facilities). These individuals represent a valuable information resource and
maintain access to recent or current NEPA documentation.
Regulatory factors include those requirements that need to be considered to achieve compliance
with standards, permits, and plans. Environmental factors must be evaluated to establish baseline
conditions, determine site suitability, and identify potential impacts. Socioeconomic
considerations include potential effects on local residential dwellings, traffic, public utilities and
facilities. Figure 9-3 provides a project level compliance worksheet that can be used to prepare
an initial assessment of project-specific variables. Other important factors, such as safety
considerations, energy conservation, pollution prevention, or recycling programs, are also
required to considered in the design and assessment of major actions.
48
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
July 2004
Figure 9-3 Project Level Compliance Worksheet
Assessment Factors
Regulations
Length of Impact
Effect on Envh ’onment
Mitigation
Required
2
.
?
a
E
!
.
,
z
.?
a
<
‘
<
4
I. Regulatory Factors
A. Air Pollution Control (including CFCs)
B. Drinking Water Management
C. Water Pollution Control
D. Hazardous Waste Management
E. Solid Waste Management
ii. Environmental Factors
—
.
F. PCB Management
G. Underground Storage Tank Management
H. Radioactive Materials Management
I. Light Emissions
A. Natural Factors
1. Fish_and_Wildlife
2. Vegetation
3. Endangered_Species
4. Water and_Hydrobgy
5. Airand Noise
6.__Physiography
7. Soils and Erosion
8. Historical, Archaeological,
Paleontologlcal Resources
9. Prime_Farmlands
10. Wetlands
11. Floodplalns
12. Wild and Scenic Rivers
13. Coastal Zone Areas
14. Coastal Barriers Resources
15. National Wilderness
B. Human Factors
1. Demography
2. Housing
3. Utilities
4. PolIce,_Fire,_and_Schools
5. Social Services
6. Recreation and_Aesthetics
7. LandUse
8. Traffic and T,ansportation
9. Qualfty of Life
10. Environmental Justice
Ill. Socioeconomic Factors
A. Residential Dwellings
B. Local Employment
C. Public Health and Well-Being
D. Relocation of Public Utilities
E. Traffic and Congestion
F. Safety
G. Effect on Population Trends
H. Adverse Community Reaction to the Project
—
—
—
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
Environmental permits may be required for construction projects. EPA is responsible for
preparing permit application and work with permitting authorities to identify permit
conditions/considerations. Much of the data developed in support of permitting will be useful in
the NEPA review process, and therefore it is critical that these two activities be closely
coordinated.
9.5 Cross-Cutters
Congress has passed many environmental laws, regulations, and executive orders (EO) that
address Federal responsibility for protecting and conserving special resources. These laws are
generally referred to as “cross-cutters” because the requirement to comply with them cuts across
all Federal programs. The cross-cutters require all Federal agencies to consider the impact that
their programs that individual actions might have on particular resources to document such
consideration as part of the agency’s decision making process. Generally, the process involves
coordination with the agencies administering the cross-cutters, and providing an opportunity for
public conmient before making a decision on an action. The evaluation that is conducted under
cross-cutters is usually integrated with the environmental reviews carried out under NEPA to
reduce paperwork and the potential for delays. Figure 9-5 gives an overview of cross-cutters
applicable to EPA NEPA projects.
Figure 9-5. Cross-Cutters
LEGISLATION!
EXECU11VE ORDER
DESCRIPTION AND INTENT
ADMINISTERING
AGENCIES
IMPLEMENTING
REGULATIONS
Endangered Species Act,
16 U.S.C. 1531, etseq.
• Ensures that Federal Agencies protect and
conserve endangered and thi atened species.
Prevents or requires modification of projects
that could jeopardize endangeredlthreatened
species and/er destroy or ad rseIy modify
critical habitat of such species.
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
• National Marine
Fisheries Service
50 CFR Part 402
50 CFR Parts 450,
451, 452, and 453
The National Historic
Preservation Act, 16
u.s.c. 470, at seq.
• Requires Federal Agencies to provide the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation with
an opportunity for comment on undertaking,
affecting properties listed or eligible for listings
on the National Register for Historic Places.
• National Perk Service
• Advisory Council
on Historic
Preservation
State Historic
Preservation Offices
36 CFR Parts 60,
61, 63, 68, 79, and
800
48 FR 190, Part IV
53 FR 4727-46
Archaeological and
Historic Preservation Act,
as amended, 16 U.S.C.
469-469c
• Provides for recovery or preservation of cultural
resources that may be damaged by Federal
construction activities.
. .
• Requires notification to the Secretary of Interior
when unanticipated archaeological materials
are discovered In construction.
• Departmental
Consulting
Archaeologist,
National Perk Service
36 CFR Part 800
50
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
LEGISLATION!
EXECU11VE ORDER
DESCRIPTION AND INTENT
ADMINISTERING
AGENCIES
IMPLEMENTING
REGULATIONS
The Wild and Scenic
Rivers Act, 16 U.SC. 271,
et seq.
• Prohibits Federal agencies from assisting the
construction of water resource projects having
direct, adverse effects on rivers listed lithe
National Wild and Scenic River System or rivers
under study for inclusion in the system.
• National Park Service
• Bureau of Land
Management
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
• Forest Service
36 CFR Part 297,
Subpart A
The Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act, 16
U.S.C. 661, at seq.
• Protects fish and wildlife when Federal actions
result in the control or modification of a natural
stream or body of water.
Requires Federal agencies to consider the
effect that water-related projects wauld have on
fish and w dlife resources, take action to
prevent loss or damage to these resources, and
provide far the development or improvement of
these resources.
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
• National Marine
Fishenes Service
None
Executive Order 12898—
Environmental Justice
• Requires Federal agencies to adopt strategies
to address environmental justice concerns
withn the context of agency operations,
• Each Federal agency
must prepare its own
implementing
procedures
None
Coastal Zone
Management Act, 16
U.S.C. Section 1451,
at seq.
• Requires Federal agencies conducting ar
supporting activities affecting the coastal zone
to conduct/support those activities to the
maximum extent possible in a manner
consistent with approved state coastal
management programs.
• Office of Ocean aid
Coastal Resource
Management
• National Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration
15 CFR Part 930,
Subpart D
15 CFR Part 923
Coastal Barrier Resources
Act, 16 U.S.C. 3501, at
seq.
• Protects ecologically sensitive coastal barriers
along the U.S. coasts.
• Prohibits new Federal expenditures or financial
assistance for development within the
estab shed Coastal Barrier Resources System.
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
U.S. Department of
Interior Coastal
Barrier Act Advisory
Guidelines
The Wilderness Act,
16U.S.C.1131,etsoq.
• Establishes a system of National Wilderness
Areas.
• Proh its motarized equipment, structures,
Instalations, roads, commercial enterprises,
aircraft landings, and mechanical transport li
the National Wilderness Areas.
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
• Bureau of Land
Management
• National Park Service
• Forest Service
43 CFR Parts 19
and8560
50 CFR Parts 35,
219, 261. and 293
Farmland Protection Policy
Act, 7 U.S.C. 4201, et seq.
• Requires Federal agencies to consider the
adverse effects of their program on farmland
preservation, including the extent to which
programs contribute to unnecessary and
lrreversl e conversion of farmland to non-
agriciitural uses.
• Soil Conservation
Service
7 CFR 658
.
51
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
LEGISLATION!
EXECUTIVE ORDER
DESCRIPTION AND INTENT
ADMINISTERING
AGENCIES
IMPLEM ENTING
REGULATIONS
Executive Order 11990 —
Protection of Wetlands
Minimizes destruction, loss, degradation of
wetlands.
• Preserves and enhances natural and beneficial
values of etIands.
• Requires Federal agencies to consider
alternatives to wetlands sites and limit potential
damage if an activity affecting a wetland cannot
be avoided.
• Each Federal agency
must prepare its own
implementing
procedures
40 CFR Part 6,
Appendix A
Executive Order I 1988 —
Floodplain Management
• Requires Federal agencies to avoid to the
extent possible the long- and short-term
adv se impacts assodated with occupancy
and modification of flooc lains.
• Each Federal agency
must prepare its own
implementing
procedures
40 CFR Part 6,
Appendix A
52
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Chapter 10 - Environmental Due Diligence Process
10.1 Purpose
This chapter describes the enviromnental due diligence process (EDDP) that must be applied
when acquiring, transferring, or terminating EPA’s interests in real property.
10.2 References
Unless otherwise specified, EPA real property transfers shall follow the EDDP as described in
the Guidelines for Acquiring and Transferring EPA Real Property and Complying with the
Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act (CERFA), EPA 1 00-B-00-002 (December
2000).
10.3 General Requirements
The EDDP requires the evaluation of the environmental condition of real property prior to
transfer to allow EPA to take the appropriate steps to eliminate or minimize EPA’s potential or
actual environmental risk or liability associated with that real property. EPA’s EDDP phase
includes three phases:
• Phase I — Qualitatively characterize the site and identif ’ any suspected areas of
contamination that may require further investigation or remediation
• Phase II — Confirm the presence or absence of suspected contamination identified in the
Phase I EDDP by conducting confirmatory sampling of areas of concern
• Phase Ill — Characterize site contaminants, develop remedial approaches and cost
estimates, and perform remediation of contaminated areas.
A Phase I EDDP shall be conducted for all real property that EPA considering acquiring. The
Phase I EDDP shall include a thorough and detailed records review and site investigation. The
site investigation includes general observations and an evaluation of the presence of underground
and aboveground tanks, waste handling practices, radioactive materials, PCBs, asbestos, lead-
based paint, pesticides, radon, and sensitive environmental areas. Detailed Phase I procedures
can be found in Chapter 4 of the Guidelines forAcquiring and Transferring EPA Real Property
and Complying with the Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act (CERFA).
Phase II EDDP activities may be needed to properly characterize the environmental condition of
the property. However, if a Phase II EDDP is needed, EPA must evaluate its options on whether
to move forward with the acquisition process or pursue other parcels of land. A Phase III EDDP
is unlikely, since EPA generally would not acquire property found to be contaminated unless it
was prepared to pay for cleanup, or able to negotiate a reduced sale price adjusted for cleanup
costs.
53
-------
Appendix A - List of Standards and References
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Appendix A - List of Standards and References
This appendix lists the standards and references used in this Manual. Where possible, contact
information is provided.
• 10 CFR Part 20, Standards for Protection Against Radiation
• 29 CFR Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
• 29 CFR Part 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee Occupational Safety and
Health Programs and Related Matters
• 40 CFR Part 6, Procedures for Implementing the Requirements of the Council on Environmental
Quality on the National Environmental Policy Act
• 40 CFR Part 60, Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
• 40 CFR Part 61, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
• 40 CFR Part 63, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source
Categories
• 40 CFR Part 82, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone
• 40 CFR Part 112, Oil Pollution Prevention
• 40 CFR Part 141, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
• 40 CFR Part 142, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Implementation
• 40 CFR Part 143, National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
• 40 CFR Part 261, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
• 40 CFR Part 262, Standards Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste
• 40 CFR Part 263, Standards Applicable to Transporters of Hazardous Waste
• 40 CER. Part 264, Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment
• 40 CFR Part 265, Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste
• 40 CFR Part 266, Standards for the Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes and Specific
Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
• 40 CFR Part 268, Land Disposal Restrictions
• 40 CFR Part 270, EPA Administered Permit Programs: The Hazardous Waste Permit Program
A-I
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
• 40 CFR Part 273, Standards for Universal Waste Management
• 40 CFR Part 279, Standards for the Management of Used Oil
• 40 CFR Part 280, Technical Standards and Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and
Operators of Underground Storage Tanks
• 40 CFR 403.5(b)(2), National Pretreatment Standards: Prohibited Discharges
• 40 CFR Part 761, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in
Commerce, and Use Prohibitions
• 40 CFR Part 1500, Purpose, Policy, and Mandate
• 40 CFR Part 1501, NEPA and Agency Planning
• 40 CFR Part 1502, Environmental Impact Statement
• 40 CFR Part 1503, Commenting
• 40 CFR Part 1504, Predecision Referrals to the Council of Proposed Federal Actions Determined
to Be Environmentally Unsatisfactory
• 40 CFR Part 1505, NEPA and Agency Decisionmaking
• 40 CFR Part 1506, Other Requirements of NEPA
• 40 CFR Part 1507, Agency Compliance
• 41 CFR 101-20, Federal Property Management Regulations
• EO 13101: Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal
Acquisition
• EO 13123: Greening the Government Through Efficient Energy Management
• EO 13148: Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management
• Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services (DHIIS), Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pub. No. 91-1 14
• Criteria for Siting of Laboratory Facilities Based on Safety Environmental Factors, prepared for
U.S. EPA by Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Peter S. J. Lees
and Morton Corn, 1981
• EPA Program for the Management of Lead-Based Paint at EPA Facilities
• EPA Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Guidelines
• Facilities Standards for the Public Buildings Service (GSA PBS-P1 00)
A-2
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
_Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Federal Facility Pollution Prevention Project Analysis: A Primer for Applying Ljfe Cycle and
Total Cost Assessment Concepts, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, EPA
• Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA 30)
• Greening Federal Facilities: An Energy, Environmental, and Economic Resource Guide for
Federal Facility Managers and Designers, Department of Energy
• Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings, EPA Publication 5 60/5-
85-024, 1985
• Guide for the Preparation of Applications for License for Laboratory and Industrial Use of
Small Quantities of Byproduct Material, NRC Regulatory Guide 10.7
• Health Physics Manual of Good Practices for Reducing Radiation Exposure to Levels That Are
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA), Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL-6577)
• Industrial User Inspection and Sampling Manual for POTWs, EPA 831 -B-94-00 1, April 1994
Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage System, American Petroleum Institute (API)
Publication 1615
• Lead in School Drinking Water, EPA 57019-89-001, January 1989
• Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System, ANSI B3 1.4
• Managing Asbestos in Place, A Building Owners Guide to Operations and Maintenance
Programs for Asbestos Containing Materials, EPA Publication 20T-2003, 1990
• NEPA Review Procedures for EPA Facilities
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide 10.7, Guide for the Preparation of
Applications for License for Laboratory and Industrial Use of Small Quantities of Byproduct
Materials
• Nuclear Air Cleaning Handbook, Energy Research and Development Administration 76-2 1
• Policy and Program for the Management ofAsbestos-Containing Building Materials at EPA
Facilities (July 1994)
• Recommended Practices for Installation of Underground Liquid Storage Systems, Petroleum
Engineers Institute (P El) Publication RP 100
A-3
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
Most of the documents listed above can be obtained by contacting the agencies listed here, in some cases, the
agency that published the document may need to be contacted.
NFPA
ANSI
Attn: Customer Service 1 Battery March Park
P.O. Box 9101
11 West 42nd Street
Quincy, MA 02269-9101
New York, NY 10036
(617) 770-3000
(212) 642-4900
http://www.wpt.edu/nme/nfpa.html
http://www.ansi.org/catalog.html
National Technical Information Service
ASHRAE
Sales Desk
1791 Tullie Circle, NE
(800) 553-6847
Atlanta, GA 30329-2305
(404) 636-8400
A-4
-------
Appendix B - List of State Environmental Contacts
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
Appendix B - List of State Environmental Contacts
July 2004
STATE AGENCIES
STATE _____________
Air Hazardous Und.rground Water
Management Waste Storage Tanks Management
Management
Alabama
334 271-7861
334 271-7741
334271-7759
334 271-7823
Alaska
800 770-8818
907 269-7529
907 451-2182
907 269-7500
Arizona
602 207-2308
602 207-4105
602 207-4315
602 207-4209
Arkansas
501 682-0730
501 570-0856
501 562-0973
501 682-0656
California
916 322-2990
510 540-2122
916 341-5752
916 341-5250
Colorado
303 692-3115
303 692-3320
303 318-8547
303 692-3509
Connecticut
860 424-3026
888 424-4193
860 424-3370
860 424-3704
Delaware
302 739-4791
302 739-3689
302 395-2500
302 739-4860
District of
202 535-2257
202 535-2289
202 535-2525
202 535-2190
Florida
850 488-0114
850 921-9247
850 487-3299
850 487-1855
Georgia
404 363-7000
404 657-8831
404 657-6014
404 657-6232
Hawaii
808 586-4200
808 586-4226
808 586-4226
808 586-4309
Idaho
208373-0148
208 373-0458
208373-0502
208 373-0413
Illinois
217 785-4140
217 524-3300
217 785 7808’*
217 785 102O**
217 782-1654
Indiana
317 232-8603
317 308-3341
317 308-3039
317 232-8603
Iowa
515281 8034
913 551-7633
515281-8135
515 281-4312
Kansas
913 296-1579
913 296-1608
913 296-1678
913 296-5500
Kentucky
502 573-3382
502 564-6716
502 564-6716
502 564-3410
Louisiana
504 756-0219
504 765-0355
504 765-0223
504 765-0634
Maine
207 287-2437
207 287-2651
207 287-2651
207 287-7688
Maryland
410631-3255
410631-3345
410631-3442
410631-3390
Massachusetts
617 292-5609
617 292-5574
617 887-5970
617 292-5503
Michigan
517 373-7023
800 662-9278
517 373-8168
517 373-1949
Minnesota
651 297-2274
651 297-8588
651 297-8608
651 297-2274
Mississippi
601 961-5176
601 961-5171
601 961-5142
601 961-5667
Missouri
800 361-4827
573 751-2747
573 751-6822
800 361-4827
Montana
406 444-3490
406 444-4096
406 444-0487
406 444-3080
Nebraska
402471-2186
402471-8308
402471-9467
402471-2186
Nevada
775 687-4670
702 486-2854
775 687-4670
775 687-4684
New Hampshire
603 271-1370
603 271-2942
603 271-3644
603 271-3503
Undei round Storage Tank Cleanups (EPA)
** UnderWound Storage Tanks (Fire Marshall)
B-I
-------
July 2004
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Manaqement Requirements
Air
Management
Hazardous
Waste
Management
Underground
Storage Tanks
Water
Management
New Jersey
609 292-6710
609 292-9880
609 984-3644
609 292-2957
New Mexico
505 827-1494
505 827-4308
505 827-0188
505 827-0187
New York
518 402-8452
518 402-8633
618 402-9549
518 402-8233
North Carolina
919 733-7015
919 733-2178
919 733-8466
919 733-3221
North Dakota
701 328-5188
701 328-5166
701 328-5166
701 328-5210
Ohio
614 644-2270
614 644-2917
614 752-7938
614 644-2001
Oklahoma
405 702-4100
405 702-5100
405 521-4683
405 702-8100
Oregon
503 229-5359
503 229-6511
503 229-6834
503 229-5279
Pennsylvania
717 787-9702
717 787-6239
717 772-5599
717 787-4686
Puerto Rico
787 729-6951
787 767-8031
212 637-3953
787 729-6951
Rhode Island
401 222-2808
401 222-4700
401 222-4700
401 222-3961
South Carolina
803 898-4123
803 896-4172
803 896-6258
803 898-4300
South Dakota
605 773-3151
605 773-3153
605 773-3296
605 773-3352
Tennessee
615 532-0554
615 532-0829
615 532-0987
615 532-0625
Texas
512 239-1240
512 239-2334
512 239-1270
512 463-4114
Utah
801 536-4000
801 538-6170
801 538-4100
801 538-6146
Vermont
802 241-3840
802 241-3878
802 241-3882
802 241-3790
Virginia
804 698-4000
804 698-4199
804 698-4269
804 698-4002
Washington
360 407-6880
360 407-6755
360 407-6264
360 407-6405
West Virginia
304 926-3647
304 558-5989
304 558-6371
304 558-2107
Wisconsin
608 266-7718
608 266-2111
608 266-3723
608 267-7662
Wyoming
307 777-7391
307 777-7752
307 777-7095
307 777-7781
B-2
-------
Appendix C - List of Class I and Class II
Ozone-Depleting Substances
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Appendix C - List of Class I and Class II Ozone-Depleting Substances
1. List of Class I Substances
From Section 602 of the Clean Air Act, and 40 CFR Part 82, Subpart A, Appendix A:
Group I CFC- 11 Trichlorofluoromethane
CFC- 12 Dichlorodifluorornethane
CFC- 113 1,1 ,2-Trichlorotrifluoroetbane
CFC- 114 Dichiorotetrafluoroethane
CFC- 115 Monochloropentafluoroethane
Group II Halon-1211 Bromochiorodifluoromethane
Halon- 1301 Bromotrifluoromethane
Halon-2402 Dibromotetrafluoromethane
Group III CFC- 13 Chiorotrifluoromethane
CFC- 111 Pentachlorofluoroethane
CFC- 112 Tetrachiorodifluoroethane
CFC-2 11 Heptachiorofluoropropane
CFC-2 12 Hexachiorotetrafluoropropane
CFC-2 13 Pentachlorotrifluoropropane
CFC-2 14 Tetrachlorotetrafluoropropane
CFC-2 15 Trichioropentafluoropropane
CFC-2 16 Dichiorohexafluoropropane
CFC-2 17 Chloroheptafluoropropane
Group IV Carbon tetrachioride
Group V Methyl chloroform
Group VI Methyl bromide
Group VII CHFBr 2
CHF 2 Br (HBFC-220 1)
CH 2 FLIr
C 2 HFBr 4
C 2 HF 2 Br 3
C 2 HF 3 Br 2
C 2 HF 4 Br
C 2 H 2 FBr 3
C 2 H 2 F 2 Br 2
C 2 H 2 F 3 Br
C 2 H 3 FBr 2
c-I
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
Group V II C 2 H 3 F 2 Br C 3 H 2 F 5 Br
C,H 4 FBr C 3 H 3 FBr 4
C 3 HFBr C 3 U 3 F 2 Br 3
C 3 IIF 2 Br 5 C 3 H 3 F 3 Br 2
C 3 HF 3 Br 4 C 3 H 3 F 4 Br
C 3 HF 4 Br 3 C 3 H 4 FBr 3
C 3 HF 5 Br 2 C 3 H 4 F,Br,
C 3 HF 6 Br C 3 H 4 F 3 Br
C 3 H,FBr 5 C 3 H 5 FBr 2
C 3 H 2 F 2 Br 4 C 3 H F 2 Br
C 3 FI 2 F 3 Br 3 C 3 H 6 FBr
C 3 H 2 F 4 Br,
2. List of Class II Substances - (Hydrochlorofluorocarbon compounds, or
HCFCs)
From Section 602 of the CAA, and 40 CFR Part 82, Subpart A, Appendix B:
HCFC-2 I Dichiorofluoromethane
HCFC-22 Monochiorodifluoromethane
HCFC-3 I Monoch lorofluorocarbon
HCFC- 121 Tetrachiorofluoroethane
HCFC- 122 Trichiorodifluoroethane
HCFC- 123 Dichiorotrifluoroethane
HCFC- 124 Monoch lorotetrafluoroethane
HCFC- 131 Trichiorofluoroethane
HCFC- 132b Dichiorodifluoroethane
HCFC- 13 3a Monochiorotrifluoroethane
HCFC- 141 b Dichiorofluoroethane
HCFC- 142b Monoch lorodifluoroethane
HCFC-22 1 Hexachiorofluoropropane
HCFC-222 Pentachiorodifluoropropane
HCFC-223 Tetrachiorotrifluoropropane
HCFC-224 Trichiorotetrafluoropropane
HCFC-225ca Dichioropentafluoropropane
HCFC-225cb Dichioropentafluoropropane
HCFC-226 Monochiorohexafluoropropane
HCFC-23 1 Pentachiorofluoropropane
HCFC -232 Tetrach lorodifluoropropane
HCFC-23 3 Tnchlorotrifluoropropane
HCFC -234 Dich lorotetraf luoropropane
HCFC-23 5 Monochioropentafluoropropane
HCFC-24 1 Tetrachiorofluoropropane
HCFC-242 Trichiorodifluoropropane
HCFC-243 Dichiorotrifluoropropane
HCFC-244 Monochiorotetrafluoropropafle
C-2
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
HCFC-25 1 Trichiorofluoropropane
HCFC-252 Dichiorodifluoropropane
HCFC-253 Monochiorotrifluoropropane
HCFC-26 Dichiorofluoropropane
HCFC-262 Monochiorodifluoropropane
HCFC-27 1 Monochlorofluoropropane
The initial list under Section 602 of the CAA shall also include the isomers of the substances listed
above.
C-3
-------
Appendix D - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Appendix D - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACGIH American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists
ACM asbestos-containing materials
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
A&E Architecture and Engineering
AEAMB Architecture, Engineering and Asset Management Branch
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
AMCA Air Movement and Control Association
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
ARI American Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AST aboveground storage tank
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BACT best available control technology
BAT best available technology
Btu British thermal units
CEQ Council on Environn ntal Quality
CESQG conditionally exempt small quantity generator
CFC chiorofluorocarbon
CFM cubic feet per minute
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
cm centimeters
CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission
CX categorical exclusion
degrees Celsius
DoD Department of Defense
DOT Department of Transportation
EA environmental assessment
EDDP environmental due diligence process
EIS environmental impact statement
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration
degrees Fahrenheit
D- 1
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
July 2004 Environmental Management Requirements
FM Factory Mutual
FMSD Facilities Management and Services Division
FNSI Finding of No Significant Impact
fpm feet per minute
FPMR Federal Property Management Regulations
gpm gallons per minute
GSA General Services Administration
HAP hazardous air pollutant
HAZMAT hazardous materials
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HEPA High-Efficiency Particulate Air
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
lbs. pounds
LNG liquefied natural gas
LQG large quantity generator
LPG liquefied propane gas
micrograms per liter
mg/L milligrams per liter
MVAC motor vehicle air conditioner
NC/LC noncombustible/limited combustible
NEC National Electrical Code
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NO! Notice of Intent
NOx nitrogen oxides
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NSF National Sanitation Foundation
NSPS New Source Performance Standards
OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PBS Public Buildings Service
PCBs polychiorinated biphenyls
pCi/L picocuries per liter
Pd probability of detection
PE! Petroleum Engineers Institute
D-2
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines July 2004
Pfa probability of false alarm
POR Progrnm of Requirements
POTW publicly owned treatment works
ppm parts per million
RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RSO Radiation Safety Officer
RTP Research Triangle Park North Carolina
SEFA Scientific Equipment and Furniture Association
SF Standani Form
SF0 Solicitation for Offers
SHEMD Safety, Health and Environmental Management Division
SHEMP Safety, Health and Environmental Management Program
SNAP Significant New Alternatives Policy
SPCC spill prevention control and countermeasures
SQG small quantity generator
TBT tributyltin
UFAS Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards
UL Underwriters Laboratory, Incorporated
UBC Uniform Building Code
UPS uninterruptible power supply
UST underground storage tank
VAV variable air volume
VOCs volatile organic compounds
D-3
-------
Appendix E - Lighting Waste Guidance
-------
Appendix F - SPCC Memorandum
-------
Index
-------
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Management Guidelines
Index
July 2004
The Environmental Management Guidelines are indexed by major subject area. Where a topic contains
only a cross-reference to another section of this manual or to another publication, the page numbers have
been set in italic type.
Aboveground Storage Tanks 3, 27
Air Emission Inventories 3
Air Pollution Control 3
NESHAPS Requirements 5
New Source Performance Standards 4
Ozone Depletion 6
ALARA 40
Antifoulant Paints 36
Asbestos 5, 34
Boilers
Categorical Exclusion 45
CESQG. See Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity
Generator.
CFCs. See Chlorofluorocarbons
Chiorofluorocarbons 6
Equipment Servicing 9
HVACs 6
Insulation 6
Refrigerant Substitutes 7
Technician Certification 8
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator . 15
Cooling Towers 3, 6
Copper in Water 14
Cross-Cutters 50
Discharge Standards, Water
Direct Discharges 11
Indirect Discharges 12
Storm Water 12
Wetlands 13
Drinking Water 14
EDDP. See Environmental Due Diligence Process.
Elementary Neutralization Units 12
Emergency Preparedness 16
Emission Standards, Air. See NESHAPS
Requirements
Environmental Assessment 45
Environmental Due Diligence Process 53
Environmental Impact Statements 13, 45
Fluorescent Lamps, See Lamps
Halon Fire Extinguishers 6
Hazardous Air Pollutants 5
Hazardous Waste
Collection and Accumulation 16
Minimization 18
Transportation 17
Treatment, Storage and Disposal 17
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems.
See UVAC.
Hexavalent Chromium 6
HVAC Systems 6
Chlorofluorocarbon-Containing 6
Decommissioning 10
Maintenance 8
Retrofitting 8
Indirect Wastewater Discharges 12
Insulation 6
Integrated Pest Management 36
Laboratory Fume Hoods 3
Lamps 32
Large Quantity Generator 15
Lead
Lead-Based Paint 33
Day-Care Facilities 33
in Water 14, 33
Light Ballasts 31
Mercury 32
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. See NESHAPS Requirements
National Environmental Policy Act 45
National Pollutant Discharges Elimination
Systems. See NPDES
NEPA. See National Environmental Policy Act
1—1
-------
July 2004
Safety, Health, and Environmental Manual:
Environmental Manaaement Reauirements
NESHAPS Requirements 5
New Source Performance Standards 4
NPDES Requirements 11, 12
Ozone Generation 4, 5
Ozone Depleting Substances 6
Paint
Antifoulant 36
Lead-Based 33
PCBs 31
Pesticides 33
Antifoulant Paints 36
Disposal 36
Storage 35
Use 36
Petroleum Storage 21
Polychiorinated B iphenyls. See PCBs
Portable Fire Extinguishers 6
Public Drinking Water Systems 14
Publicly Owned Treatment Works 14
Radioactive Materials 39
Airborne Contamination 42
Design Considerations 40
Emergency Planning 44
Mixed Waste 43
Recordkeeping 44
Shielding 43
Surface Contamination 42
Transport 43
Waste Management 43
Radon 33
Recycling 17, 18
Refrigerants 6
Secondary Containment 16, 24, 27, 28
Significant New Alternatives Policy 6, 7
Small Quantity Generator 15
SNAP. See Significant New Alternatives Policy
Solid Waste 18
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures 28, 32
State Water Quality Certification 14
Steam Generators 4
Storage
Aboveground Storage Tanks 27
Hazardous Wastes 16
PCBs 31
Pesticides 35
Petroleum 19
Solid Waste 18
Trash Rooms 18
Underground Storage Tanks 22
Storm Water Management 12
Tanks. See Aboveground Storage Tanks,
Underground Storage Tanks.
Transformers 3 1
Underground Storage Tanks 22
Closure 26
Corrosion Protection 23
Design Standards 22
Installation and Certification 26
Location 22
Release Detection 24
Universal Waste 17, 32
Used Oil 17
Volatile Organic Compounds 4
Waste. See Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste
Wastewater. See Discharge Standards.
Water
Discharge Standards 11
Potable 14
Wetlands 13
1-2
------- |