EPA 560/7-75-001-3
COMPILATION OF STATE DATA FOR
EIGHT SELECTED TOXIC SUBSTANCES
VOLUME
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
STATE DATA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
^ŁD s%
SEPTEMBER 1975
FINAL REPORT
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
-------
EPA 560/7-75-001-3
COMPILATION OF STATE DATA FOR
EIGHT SELECTED TOXIC SUBSTANCES
VOLUME III
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
STATE DATA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
BY
ELISABETH ROBERTS
EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-01-2933
EPA PROJECT OFFICER. DORIS J. FINLAY
For
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
4th and M Streets, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
SEPTEMBER 1975
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES iv
INTRODUCTION 1
INDEX 3
BIBLIOGRAPHY 4
LISTING OF DATA NOT OBTAINED 30
lii
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Number Pag
1 Cros Reference Irtdex to
Data aources by ’ St t n4
Toxic Subs a ce 3
ivj
-------
INTRODUCTION
The MITRE Corporation performed a study for the Office of Toxic
Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, entitled Collection of
of Data and Data Analysis for Toxic Substances . The objectives of
the study were to contact as many state agencies as resources
allowed; acquire available toxic substances data; process and analyze
the data; and report on the availability, nature and usefulness of
the data, and the capabilities of the agencies for toxic substances
monitoring.
In the course of this project MITRE acquired data from a wide
variety of sources in a wide variety of forms and formats. Sources
included state departments of agriculture, health, geology, forestry,
natural resources, environmental protection, fish and wildlife,
water supply, and sanitation. Forms of data and formats included
raw data sheets, computer printouts, published articles, memos,
annual reports, and other documentation. Because it was determined
that a listing of the data obtained from the states would be of
potential value to EPA and other users, the data which was received
is referenced in this annotated bibliography, and is being published
as a supporting volume to the final report. Volumes in the complete
final report are the following:
• Volume I: Collection and Analysis of Toxic Substances
Data from State Agencies — Final Report
• Volume II: Directory of State Toxic Substances Monitoring
1
-------
Agencies
• Volume III: State Data and Information Sources Used in the
Course of the Study — An Annotated Bibliography
• Volume IV: Compilation of the Summaries and Analyses of
State Data -
• Volume V: Monitoring Program Capability Descriptor Tables .
This bibliography references the data sources obtained from con-
tacts in the 20 states on the eight 1 toxic substances of interest moni-
tored in those states. Table 1 is a cross—reference index to the data
references. The Index can be approached in two distinct ways —— by
state and by specific toxic substance —— in order to obtain the appro-
priate reference numbers which identify the references in the body of
the bibliography. Additionally, at a number of the agencies visited,
some data had been generated on toxic substances of interest which for
various reasons could not be made available during the course of the
project and was not available through a Federal source. Following the
listing of data received, there is a listing by agency of that data
which was identified but not obtained during the project.
The data and information which was collected from the 20 states
has been turned over to the Office of Toxic Substances, Environmental
Protection Agency. All requests for primary data and information
should be made directly to the Office of Toxic Substances.
1 Arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, lead, mercury,
and PCB’s. References are also included for PBB’s, as a large
amount of data was received on them from Michigan; and for several
miscellaneous reports.
2
-------
TABLE I
CROSS REFERENCE INDEX TO DATA SOURCES BY STATE AND TOXIC SUBSTANCE
STATE
A .
Be
Cd
C U
Cr
h g
Pb
Cali forn Ia 7 4, 6 4 5 7 4, 6, 8, 9, 59 5, 91
10, 11, 12,
13, 16, 16,
17, 18, 47,
66, 125
Colorado 19,21,35 19, 21, 22, 19,3519,22,44 22,35 19, 20, 21,
35, 44, 45, 43, 46 22, 23, 35,
46 44, 45, 46
Connecticut 26 26, 27, 32, 26, 27, 27, 32, 26, 27, 32, 25
108, 112, 108 122 4 8, 49, 50,
122, 128 51, 52, 53,
54, 68,
108, 109,
112, 122
Delaware 33 33 33 33, 34 33, 34 33, 34
F lorIda 78, 79 79, 79 78, 79 40, 78
r,08r gle 38, 42 38, 42 42 37, 38, 42, 38, 41, 42 3 9
43, 99
Idaho 56, 110 56, 64 36, 56, 64 56, 110
lowe 60 60 60 59
‘Iaseechueecc. 61, 72 61, 72, 77, 61, 32, 77, 61, 62, 72, 61, 72, 93 24, 75, 76
93 93 73, 74, 93
‘4lchleen 58, 83 81 38, 81, 83, J 58, 83, 84 58, 80, 82, 58, 81, 83, 55, 82, 86 58, 80, 45
84 84 84
?I1.eouri 90 88, 90, 105 90, 105 67, 89, 90 88, 90, 89
106 105, 106
New Janey 94
New York 96, 97, 96, 95, 96, 97 6,9795,96,97 1,95, 96, 92, 95, 96,
101 9 7 97 97
Norrh Carolina 98 98 98 98
Orocon 100
Peonoylvoolo 102, 103 102 102, 104 103 65, 102,
103, 104
Teoneeeae 114, 115 113 113, 115 113 115, 116 113, 115 114, 115
Tone 69, 119, 69, 118, 20 119, 120 117, 118, 69, 70, 118 121
120 119, 120 119, 120 119, 120
DIsh 127 127 127 127, 129 123
NeehIoccon 38, 29, 3D, 107, 111, 2, 3, 30, 31, 63, 107 607
31, 87, 126 71, 107, 111, 124,
111, 124 111 126 10
3
-------
1. Alexander, J. E., J. Foehrenbach, S. Fisher, and D. Sullivan,
Mercury in Striped Bass and Bluefish , New York Fish and Game
Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 147—151, July 1973.
Bluefish and striped bass were taken from Montauk Point on
Long Island and analyzed for mercury content. A correlation
between mercury content and weight was found. The larger
the fish, the more mercury it contained.
2. Bothner, Michael Henry, Mercury: Some Aspects of Its Marine
Geochemistry in Puget Sound, Washington . Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Washington, 1973.
This study was the first of Its kind to examine the bio—
geochemical behavior of mercury in the waters and sediments
of Puget Sound. The findings are discussed in detail.
3. Bothner, Michael H., and Roy Carpenter, The Rate of Mercury Loss
from Contaminated Estuarine Sediments in Bellingham Bay,
Washington , Univeristy of Washington, 1973.
The work discussed In this paper is concerned with tracing the
level of mercury in soil sediment samples. Results showed that
as mercury discharge decreased, mercury content in sediment also
decreased.
4. Bruland, Kenneth W., et al., History of Metal Pollution in
Southern California Coastal Zone , Environmental Science and
Technology, Vol. 8, pp. 425—432, May 1974.
This paper discusses metal content fluctuation in coastal
California sediments.
5. Cahill, Thomas A., Cyclotron Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants ,
University of California, Davis, Crocker Nuclear Laboratory,
October 31, 1972.
The fo1lo ing is the author’s summary of this document:
This report summarizes the results of a one—year effort to
develop techniques to perform eleme’ tal analysis of atmospheric
particulate samples using accelerator beams. The system is
quantitative and absolute: every peak is compared directly
to an elemental standard whose value is known to +7 percent.
The system sensitivity for X—ray analysis ranges between about
10 and 100 ug/cm 2 for short runs, while values of about 10 ug/cm 2
are obtained for light elements in one hour via alpha scattering.
4
-------
The system analyzes elements between sodium and uranium by X-rays,
while elements between hydrogen and calcium (excluding Be) are
analyzed in elastic alpha—scattering. The maximum through put
per day is about 2400 X—ray analyses (fast); plus 24 X—ray
analyses (slow); plus 96 alpha scattering analyses (light elements).
Cost ranges between about $1.56/sample and about $10.00/sample
for fast analysis, with the price of alpha scattering analysis
set at about $20.00/sample when performed in tandem with fast
analysis. The system is also applicable to other accelerators
with heavy particle beams of 4 MEV/aniu.
6. California Air Resources Board, Air Quality Data , 1971—1974.
The data in this report comprises a compilation of California
air data samples. Approximately 40 sites were monitored for
lead and cadmium content in air. Results were recorded onto
the standard SAROAD forms.
7. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Arsenic Analysis
on Poultry, Chicken Fat, and Swine, Rabbit, and Beef Livers ,
1973—1974.
A large number of analyses were performed on various poultry
and beef for arsenic contamination. Poultry was sampled most
frequently, with 384 samples tested in 1973, and 516 samples
tested in 1974. Results showed that the mean value for both
years was 0.12 ppm.
8. Carnegie Institute of Technology, School of Urban and Public
Affairs, Lead Poisoning in Allegheny County , Carnegie—Mellon
University, April 1974.
Graduate students from Carnegie—Mellon University monitored
a program in conjunction with the Allegheny County Health
Department on the effects of lead poisoning in children. This
report discusses the results of the joint effort.
9. Chow, Tsaihwa J., Lead Accumulation in Roadside Soil and Grass ,
Nature, Vol. 225, No. 5229, pp. 295—296, January 17, 1970.
Soil and grass samples taken along tJ.S. Highway 1 in Maryland
were checked for lead content. Lead accumulation was highest
on the top layer of soil and decreased at lower depths.
5
-------
10. Chow, Tsaihwa J., e t al., Lead Pollution: Records in Southern
California Coastal Sediments , Science, Vol. 181, pp. 551—552,
August10, 1973.
Lead levels have been found in Southern California coastal
sediments. This lead comes mainly from the combustion of lead
additives in gasoline.
11. Chow,. Tasihwa J., Our Daily Lead , Chemistry in Britain, Vol. 9,
No. 6, pp. 258—263, June 1973.
Dr. Chow discusses the distribution of lead in our environment
and discusses how the U.S. Government is combatting lead
pollution.
12. Chow, Tsaihwa J., John L. Earl, and Carrie F. Bennett, Lead
Aerosols in Marine Atmosphere , Environmental Science and
Technology, Vol. 3,. No. 8, pp. 737—740, August 1969.
Different methods for the shipboard testing of marine air
and its lead content are discussed. Analyses were performed
on air samples collected over the north and central Pacific
Ocean between California, Midway Island, and American Samoa.
Results showed that marine air is the least polluted of northern
temperate atmospheres.
13. Chow, T. J., and J. L. Earl, Lead and Uranium in Pennsylvanian
Anthracite , Chemical Geology, 6(1970), pp. 43—49.
Lead and uranium have been found in Pennsylvanian anthracites.
It has been determined that the lead was embodied prior to
coalification while uranium ca ine after coalificatiori.
14. Chow, Tsaihwa J., and John L. Earl, Lead Isotopes in North
American Coals , Science, Vol. 176, pp. 510—511, May, 5, 1972.
The thesis of this article is that lead isotopes in North,
American coals are equally or more radiogenic than those in the
present continental crust.
6
-------
15. Chow, Tsaihwa J., John L. Earl, and Carrie B. Snyder, Lead
Aerosol Baseline: Concentration at White Mountain and
Laguna Mountain, California , Science, Vol. 178, PP. 401—402,
October 27, 1972.
This article states that lead aerosol concentrations at White
Mountain should be used as present baseline concentrations
for atmospheric lead in the continental United States.
16. Chow, Tsaihwa J., and C. C. Patterson, Concentration Profiles
of Barium and Lead in Atlantic Waters off Bermuda , Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 397—400,
November 1966.
The authors collaborated on a study to search for industrially
produced lead and also to compare the lead and barium content
in Atlantic water to that in Pacific water.
17. Chow, Tsaihwa J., C. C. Patterson, and D. Settle, Occurrence of
Lead in Tuna , Nature, Vol. 251, No. 5471, pp. 159—161, September
13. 1974.
The validity of lead concentration measurement In water and
fish (including shellfish) was found to be unreliable. The
measurement techniques of atomic absorption and anodic stripping
voltammetry have been in error by factors from 10 to 100. A
reliable technique has now been determined, finding that lead
in muscle is four times lower in value than lead in epidermis.
18. Chow, Tsaihwa J., Carrie B. Snyder, and John L. Earl, Isotope
Ratios of Lead as Pollutant Source Indicators , paper read at
Symposium on Isotope Ratios as Pollutant Source and Behavior
Indicators, 18—22 November 1974 in Vienna, Austria.
The authors discuss characteristic isotope ratios of individual
lead ore deposits and indicate how these unique isotope ratios
can indicated the source of lead pollutants in the environment.
19. Colorado Department of Health, Division of Engineering and
Sanitation, Colorado Drinking Water Supplies , February 1971.
This publication comprises a listing of water supplies In
Colorado along with the results of chemical analyses performed
on representative samples.
7
-------
20. Colorado Department of Health, Milk, Food, and Drug Division,
Lead in Pottery Data 1971—1974 , 1974.
The Milk, Food, and Drug Division monitored the lead content
contained in various forms of pottery. Approximately 800
samples were analyzed during a four—year period. An over-
whelming majority (85 percent) had lead contents of zero.
21. Colorado Department of Health and Hospitals, City and County
of Denver, Water Quality Data from the South Platte River ,
1971—1973.
The data in this document comes from six sampling stations
along the South Platte River. The samples from the river
showed no metals contamination.
22. Colorado Department of Health Laboratory, Heavy Metals Run
by the Colorado Department of Health Laboratory, July 1, 1971
to July 1, 1974 .
This document summarizes the activities of the author’s
laboratory and enumerates how many samples of a particular media
were analyzed for various heavy metals.
23. Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife,
Non—hunting Mortality Investigations of Canada Geese in South-
eastern Colorado , October 1974.
This report discusses a program that identif led non—hunting
mortality factors of Canadian geese at Turks Pond. The program
is discussed in detail along with the data analyses performed.
24. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Division of Fisheries and Game,
Massachusetts Pesticide Monitoring Program Progress Report. 1912 .
This document discusses the research and demonstration projects
which sought to investigate pesticide monitoring techniques.
Twenty—five stations were sampled on major streams in Massa-
chusetts. Fish and mussel specimens were analyzed and found
to contain levels of PCB over those levels established by the
Federal Government.
8
-------
25. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Report on Food
from Connecticut Me’kets and Farms , 76th, 77th, and 78th
Reports, 1971—1973.
Since 1896, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
has published annual reports showing the results of the
sampling of food offered for sale in Connecticut. The
analyses performed on the food samples showed whether or not
pesticide residue existed, and if they did, the value of them.
26. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection,
Suspended Particulate Metals Analysis, l969—l 7 , 1973.
This document contains air samples collected in the state of
Connecticut over a four—year period. Although the Connecticut
Department of Environmental Protection maintains the monitoring
network, the chemical analysis of the samples is performed by
the Health Department.
27. Connecticut Department of Health, Environmental Health Services,
Heavy Metal Content in Shellfish, January 1970—June 1974 ,
October 1974.
The Connecticut Department of Health carried out a program to
sample shellfish from Connecticut’s waters for heavy metal
content. Summaries are included for the results of the program,
along with a list of current FDA guidelines for acceptable
heavy metal content in shellfish.
28. Crecelius, Eric A., Arsenic Geochemical Cycle in Lake Washing-
ton and its Relation to other Elements , University of
Washington, no date.
High arsenic levels were found in Lake Washington. These arsenic
levels were caused by a copper smelter located 35 km upwind from
the lake.
29. Crecelius, Eric A., The Geochemistry of Arsenic and Antimony
in Puget Sound and Lake Washington , Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Washington, 1974.
The author studied Puget Sound for trace metals content. Two
of these metals, arsenic and antimony, were examined in detail,
with the findings proving useful to the Environmental Protection
Agency.
9
-------
30. Crecelius, Eric A., Michael H. Bothner, and Roy Carpenter,
Geochemistries of Arsenic, Antimony, Mercury, and Related
Elements in Sediments of Puget Sound , Environmental Science
and Technology, Vol. 9, Number 4, April 1975.
The Tacoma, Washington, copper smelter has contaminated Puget
Sound with a variety of toxic substances. This paper
discusses In detail the actual trace metals distribution.
31. Crecelius, Eric A., Car]. J. Johnson, and George C. Hofer,
Contamination of Soils near a Copper Smelter by Arsenic,
Antimony, and Lead , University of Washington, no date.
This report discusses how stack dust from the Tacoma,
Washington smelter has contaminated soil with trace metals.
The dust is discussed as to its potential hazards.
32. Dehlinger, Peter, ec al., Investigations on Concentrations,
Distributions, and Fates of Heavy Metal Wastes in Parts of
Long Island Sound , University of Connecticut, Marine
Sciences Institute, October 1974.
This report discusses a two—year investigation of heavy
metal wastes in Long Island Sound with emphasis on the Eastern
Sound and the Connecticut coast. Five projects were undertaken
to determine a preliminary budget of these wastes.
33. Delaware Division of Environmental Control, Technical Services
Section, Air Monitoring Data 1975 , 1975.
Air has been monitored in Delaware for the past year only.
The data is coded in SAROAD format on keypunched cards.
34. Delaware Division of Environmental Control, Technical Services
Section, Liangollen Landfill Project Data 1972—1975 , 1975.
Water samples were taken from the interceptor wells surrounding
the Liangollen landfill area. Samples are analyzed on a monthly
basis for trace metals content.
35. Denver-Board of Water Commissioners’, Water Quality ifeport, 1971,
1972, 1973 .
These three annual reports summarize the work performed by the
Quality Coatrol Section of the Denver Board of Water Commissioners
Among the information included in these reports is the water
quality summary for each of the three years.
10
-------
36. Gebhards, Stacy, Frank Shields, and Susan O’Neal, Mercury Levels
in Idaho Fishes and Aquatic Environments, 1970—1971 , Idaho Fish
and Game Departmer’ and Department of Health, November 1971.
During 1970—1971 the Idaho Fish and Game Department gathered
various samples of aquatic organisms to determine the extent
of mercury contamination in Idaho waters. Results showed
mercury was present in both Idaho waters and fish, but only 5.3
percent of the total number of fish analyzed had mercury levels
exceeding the FDA limit.
37. Georgia Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Mercury Content
in Biota from Georgia Water Systems, 19 71—1974 .
Samples of many species of fish were taken from rivers in
Georgia and were analyzed for mercury contamination. Analyses
showed high mercury levels in a majority of the fish samples.
38. Georgia Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Toxic Substances
Determination in Fish from the Savannah River and Altamaha
River , 1971.
Four species of fish were taken from the Savannah and Altamaha
rivers and analyzed for toxic substance content. Values for
the substances of interest were found to be low.
39. Georgia Department of Agriculture, PCB Contamination Data , 1971—
1974.
The Georgia Department of Agriculture assisted the U.S.D.A.
and the F.D.A. examine poultry and feed for possible PCB
contamination. The data showed consistently high PCB values in
both media.
40. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division
of Chemistry, Pesticide Residues Laboratories, Quarterly Reports
on Food Sampling for Pesticides, 1971—1974 , 1971—1974.
These quarterly reports list the type of food, the number of
samples of each food, the numer of violative samples, and a
stmm ry of the pesticides found with values given in ppm.
41. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection
Division, Georgia Air Sampling Network , 1970—1973.
Air data was submitted from 13 Georgia sites using the Hi-Vol
method. The only toxic substance analyzed was lead. Results
are provided in computer printout format.
11
-------
42. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection
Division, Water Quality Monitoring Data for Georgia Streams, 1973 ,
January 1974.
This three—volume report covers a comprehensive study of the
monitoring program of streams in Georgia. Fifteen river basins
were analyzed for Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg on a monthly, quarterly,
or semi—annual basis. All values for these trace metals were
below detectable limits. Analyses were performed on both water
and sediments.
43. Georgia Water Quality Control Board, Mercury Pollution
Investigation in Georgia , 1971.
This report discusses the results of a survey of seven Georgia
river basins and estuaries from Savannah Harbor to Cumberland
Sound. The survey sampled industrial wastes, and fish and
aquatic organisms for possible mercury contamination. Also
under examination were the possible sources of the mercury.
44. Goettl, John P., James R. Sinley and Patrick H. Davies, Water
Pollution Studies , Colorado Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Wildlife, July 1972.
For these pollution studies, four study areas were defined and
were sampled quarterly. Fish and insects were sampled in September
of the year. Bioassays were also performed to determine the
effects of lead on the growth and reproduction of fish.
45. Goetti, John P., James R. Sinley, and Patrick H. Divies,
Water Pollution Studies , Colorado Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Wildlife, July 1973.
For these water pollution studies, the same study areas used
in the 1972 studies were used. Acute bioassays were performed
with lead, and water quality analyses were performed and
reported to the STORET system.
46. Coettl, John P., James R. Sinley and Patrick H. Davies, Water
Pollution Studies , Colorado Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Wildlife, July 1974.
This report discusses the monitoring program for the William
Fork River, and the ongoing monitoring of the Creede study
area. As in previous years, data from the water quality
analyses were sent to the STORET system.
12
-------
47. Goldsmith, John R., Food Chain and Health Implications of
Airborne Lead , California State Department of Health,
September 1974.
A lead poisoning incident affecting horses in the Carqulnez
Strait Area prompted the California Air Resources Board to
check human food supplies in that area and elsewhere in
California. Several hypotheses were tested with some tentative
results that need further investigation.
48. Hankin, Lester, G. H. Heichel, and Richard A. Botsford, Lead
Content of Printed Polyethylene Food Bags , Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 12, No. 6,
pp. 645—648, 1974.
Flexography is a variation of the letterpress process widely
used in printing magazines. Printed polyethylene food bags
were examined when it was shown that letterpress inks used in
magazines contained approximately 29,000 ppm lead. Results
showed that polyethylene bags enclosing different types of
food contained from 425 to over 23,000 ppm lead.
49. Hankin, Lester, Gary H. Heichel, and Richard A. Botsford,
Lead in Pet Foods and Processed Organ Meats: A Human Problem ?
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 231, No. 5,
pp. 484—485, February 3, 1975.
Lead found in canned pet foods has been a cause for concern
since it has been claimed that some of these products have been
consumed by human beings. This article examines the basis for
this assumption and also analyzes actual lead content in some
of the pet foods.
50. Hankin, Lester, Gary H. Heichel, and Richard A. Botsford,
Lead on Wrappers of Specialty Foods as a Potential Hazard for
Children , Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 1064—1065,
December 1974.
The lead found on the colored portions of paper wrappings for
candy and other luxury foods contained from 8 to 10,000 ppm.
This high lead content may endanger children.
51. Hankin, Lester, Gary H. Heichel, and Richard A. Botsford,
Lead Poisoning from Colored Printing Inks , Clinical Pediatrics,
Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 654—655, November 1973.
Lead has been found in the colored pages of magazines. This
lead content has been of some concern because it may endanger
children with pica.
13
-------
52. Hankin, Lester, Gary H. Heichel, and Richard A. Botsford,
Newspaper and Magazines as Potential Sources of Dietary Lead
for Dogs , Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
Vol. 164, No. 5, p. 490, October 1974.
Lead content in printed paper has induced lead poisoning in dogs.
These same lead levels have also been found to be toxic to
human beings.
53. Heichel, Gary H., and Lester Hankin, Particles Containing Lead,
Chlorine, and Bromine Detected on Trees with an Electron
Micro Probe , Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 6,
pp. 1121—1122, December 1972.
Lead, chlorine, and bromine have been found on particles on or
imbedded in the bark of trees. These lead—bearing particles
are similar in elemental content to the compounds emitted in
automobile exhaust.
54. Heichel, G. H., Lester Hankin, and Richard A. Botsford,
Lead in Paper: A Potential Source of Food Contamination ,
Journal of Milk and Food Technology, V. 37, No. 10, pp. 499—
503, October 1974.
Lead content in paper products has become an issue of concern
since waste paper products are sometimes used in mulches. This
article discusses the possible circulation of lead to food through
paper and concludes that negligible amounts of lead are introduced
into the earth from newspaper mulch.
55. Hesse, John L., Water Pollution Aspects of Polybrominated Biphenyl
Production: Results of Initial Surveys in the Pine River Vicinity
of St. Louis, Michigan , Michigan Bureau of Natural Resources,
October 1974.
The Michigan Chemical Corporation of St. Louis, Michigan, is
the only commercial source of PBB in the United States. An
accidental contamination of animal feed and livestock prompted
a study for testing watet for high PBB levels. This report
discusses the findings of the, study.
56. Idaho Department of Environmental Protection and Health, Idaho
City Dump Water Quality Reports , 1974.
These data sheets represent random sampling performed on water
from the trench in the Idaho City Dump.
14
-------
57. Interagency Committee on Environmental Mercury, Mercury in the
California Environment , California Department of Public Health,
1971.
Mercury contamination was found in fish from both fresh and
estuarine water bodies in California. While some sport fish
were found to have elevated levels of mercury in their flesh,
most commercial fish contained only minor mercury traces.
58. International Joint Commission, International Reference Group
on Upper Lakes Pollution, Study of Pollution Problems of
Lake Huron and Lake Superior , February 1974.
This document discusses a study of pollution problems of Lake
Huron and Lake Superior. Reference questions were prepared
by the International Joint Commission to be studied by the
Upper Lakes Reference Group. The present report only discusses
the reference questions and does not contain any data.
59. Iowa Department of Agriculture,
Pesticide Residues in Fish, l972—l975 , 1975.
The Iowa State Chemical Laboratory analyzed samples of fish
meal and fish for PCB content for the period 1972 through 1975.
AROCLOR 1248 and 1254 were the main PCB’s that were found.
60. Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, Raw and Treated Water
Samples, 1971—1975 , 1971—1975.
The Department of Environmental Quality examined raw and treated
water samples for Pb, Cd, and As content. A majority of
results were inconclusive.
61. Isaac, R. A., and Delaney, J., Toxic Element Survey Progress
Report , Publication No. 6108, Massachusetts Division of Water
Pollution, April 1972.
A joint effort by the Division of Water Pollution and the
Department of Public Health of the state of Massachusetts
was undertaken to evaluate trace metals contamination in
various media. Data was collected from five media——water,
shellfish, industrial waste, river and estuarine waters and
sediments, and sewage treatment digestors. Analyses showed
the values of the five metals under investigation consistently
below acceptable Federal limits.
15
-------
62. JBF Scientific Corporation, An Investigation of Mercury
Problems in Massachusetts , D. S. Yeaple and G. Feick, July
1973. (Prepared for Division of Water Pollution Control,
Massachusetts Water Resources Commission)
The JF Scientific Corporation studied two areas in Massachusetts
having mercury contamination. Each area has a chemical. dye
plant which uses mercury in its manufacturing processes.
Findings showed that mercury content decreased when the use
of mercury in manufacturing dyes was discontinued.
63. Jeffrey, R. G., and S. T. Zender, Ingested Lead Shot in Washington
Waterfowl 1973—74 Hunting Season , Washington Department of Game,
1974.
Waterfowl gizzards were collected from three major hunting areas
in Washington to determine the incidence of ingested lead shot.
X—ray photographs showed that only four percent of the 692
gizzards contained lead shots.
64. Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science, Environmental Monitoring
in Idaho for Metallic Poisons Using the Materials Testing Reactor ,
Special Research Issue No. 2, August 1971.
This special research issue is devoted to a symposium presented
to the Joint Meeting of the Idaho Academy of Science, Northwest
Scientific Association ,. and the Washington State Entomological
Society at the University of Idaho. The symposium discussed
the results of an environmental study of trace metals in Idaho
wildlife.
65. Kainbic, Robert, Lead in the Home Environment , Master’s Thesis,
University of Pittsburgh, no date.
This master’s thesis discusses how the home environment,
including the interior and exterior painted surfaces of the
home, can contribute to lead poisoning in humans.
66. Koide, Minoru, Kenneth W. Bruland, and Edward D. Goldberg,
Th—228/Th—232 and Pb—210 Geochronologies in Marine and Lake
Sediments , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 37, pp. 1171—
1187, 1973.
This article documents the Pb—2l0 dating of sedimentary
deposits, along with the dating techniques for Ra—226, Th—228,
Th—232, and Ra—228. The Pb—210 dating technique is valid for
periods up to a century, while other ones are only valid for
up to a decade.
16
-------
67. Koirtyohann, S. R., Meers, R., and Graham, L. K., Mercury
Levels in Fishes from some Missouri Lakes with and without Known
Mercury Pollution , Environmental Research, 9:1 (August 1974), 1—11.
These authors found that mercurial fungicides used in golf course
maintenance can lend to elevated levels of mercury in fish taken
from lakes receiving golf course drainage, The species most
susceptible to these elevated mercury levels was largemouth bass.
68. Kornfeld, Joseph M., William W. Ullinann, and Lester Hankin,
Modifications and Use of the Dipstick Test, based on Urinary
Delta—Aminolevulinic Acid Cala, for the Detection of Lead
Poisoning in Children , Clinical Toxicology, Vol. 5 (1), pp. 7—16,
1972,
This report discusses the modifications made on the dipstick
test used to find potential victims of lead poisoning. The use
of the dipstick test in Connecticut is also discussed.
69. Landrigan, Philip J., et al., Epidemic Lead Absorption Near an
Ore Smelter: The Role of Lead in Dust , Center for Disease
Control, Atlanta, Georgia, 1972.
The ore smelter in El Paso, Texas, has been discharging large
amounts of lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic into the atmosphere.
The study reported in this paper discusses how lead content in
household dust affects people living within close proximity
of the smelter.
70. Landrigan, Philip J., Randolph H. Whitworth, Robert W. Baloh,
Norman W. Staehling, William F. Barthel, and Bernard F. Rosenblum,
Neurophychologic Dysfunction in Children with Chronic Low—Level
Lead Absorption , Center for Disease Control, 1974.
This document, written jointly by researchers from Georgia,
Texas, and California, discusses an experiment designed to find
the effects of lead contamination in children. Results showed
that while performance I.Q. was significantly lower in children
with lead levels < 40 mg /100 ml, verbal I.Q. and other neurolo-
gical functions did not differ significantly.
71. Lauckhart, J. B., and J. B. King, Mercury in Washington
Wildlife , Washington State Departmant of Game, 1969.
This report summarizes a survey undertaken by the Washington
State Department of Game to determine mercury levels in wild
birds. The survey showed that mercury levels were not as high
as was anticipated.
17
-------
72. Lawrence Experiment Station, Division of Environmental Health,
Interstate Carrier Water Supply Analysis , 1974.
This document contains samples taken from water supplies in
the state of Massachusetts in 1972 and 1974. Trace metals
under investigation included As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg.
73. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Game, Analysis of Fish
Tissue for Mercury Content , 1971.
Fish samples were collected from nine Massachusetts river and
analyzed for mercury content. Results showed that me cury
levels in fish can be related to length and weight.
74. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Game, Analysis of Fish
Tissue for Mercury Content , 1972. -
This study was a follow—up effort to the 1971 Massachusetts
Division of Fisheries and Game Mercury investigation. Results
of the 1972 analyses showed that mercury concentrations in fish
tissues will vary directly with length, weight, and age.
75. Massachusetts Division Qf Fisheries and Game, The Presence of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Housatonic River , P. J. Palermo,
December 1971. -
Samples from the Housatonic River were taken and analyzed for
PCB’s in a follow—up effort to a previous study. Results
pinpointed the source of the PCB’s as the GE plant near Pitts-
field. AROCHLOR 1260 was the PCB most commonly found.
76. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Game, Bureau of Wildlife
Research and Management, Massachusetts Pesticide Monitoring
Program, Progress Report, 1 AprIl 1972—31 March 1973 , P.J.
Palermo, 1973. - --
This report discusses the culmination of a project dealing
with pesticides monitoring in the aquatic environment. PCB’s
were detected in a majority of fish samples taken and an inter-
pretation of the results-is included with the analyses.
18
-------
77. Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, Division of Water
Pollution Control, Water Quality Section, Ten Mile River, 1973,
Water Quality Survey Data , November 1973.
This report presents data collected during a river survey
conducted during the summer of 1973. Nineteen stations were
selected along three rivers in Massachusetts. Samples were
then analyzed for cadmium and chromium content. A discussion
of the results of the analyses is presented.
78. Metropolitan Dade County Pollution Control, The Miami River:
A Synopsis of the History, Characteristics and Flow of the River
and the Possible Causes of its Pollution , 1973.
A program was initiated to clean up the Miami River. This
report discusses what actions were taken and what progress has
been made to date.
79. Metropolitan Dade County Pollution Control, Water Quality Data,
1972—1975 , 1975
Included in this document are analyses of data from water
sampling stations in the state of Florida. Each station monitored
the water samples for a variety of parameters, including some
heavy metals.
80. Michigan Department of Agriculture, Great Lakes Environmental
Contaminant Survey , 1972, 1973.
The Michigan Department of Agriculture, the Michigan Department
of National Resources, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration—
Detroit Region, and the USD1 Bureau of Sport Fisheries, Ann
Arbor Laboratory, collaborated on a study of fish contamination
in the Great Lakes. Fish samples were analyzed for mercury
and PCB’s. In addition, the Department of Agriculture analyzed
approximately 450 imported tuna samples for Hg, and various
agricultural products for PBB contamination.
81. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Division of Air
Pollution Control, Heavy Metals Air Data , 1974.
This document contains data collected in 1974 from high volume
sampling for two sites in Michigan. The data was analyzed and
transferred to SAROAD daily data forms.
19
-------
82. Michigan Department of Natural Resource, Wildlife Division,
Mercury and PBB in Wild Mammals and Birds , 1969—1974.
The data in this document was obtained by monitoring wildlife
in Michigan for mercury and PBB contamination. For PBB a
relationship between animal age and PBB level was found;for
thercury, only two analyses of ducks showed mean levels above
the USFDA limit.
83. Michigan Department of Public Health, Michigan Drinking Water
Data , 1974—1975.
Data contained in this document include analyses performed
during 1974—1975 on drinking water in Michigan. Results
showed that all samples contained no toxic substances above
the detectable limits.
84. Michigan State Department of Agriculture, Heavy Metals Program
Data , 1974.
The Michigan Department of Agriculture monitored hogs and dairy
products to find out if the spraying of waste water effluent
would have any toxic effects. The samples taken were insufficient
to draw any concrete conclusions.
85. Michigan Water Resources Commission, Bureau of Water Management,
Monitoring for Polychiorinated Biphenyls in the Aquatic Environ-
ment , May 1973.
This document describes monitoring activities in the state of
Michigan for PCB’s. Originally, inland water was the only
medium sampled, but supplementary sampling was then performed
on other media including stream sediments, municipal raw water
intakes, and sanitary landfill runoffs.
86. Michigan Water Resources Commission, Bureau of Water Management,
Department of Natural Resources, A Study of Polybrominated Biphenyl
Uptake by Caged Fish Held in the Pine River, Vicinity of the
Michigan Chemical Company, St. Louis, Michigan, October 4 to 18,
1974 .
PBB levels were found in water samples of the Pine River taken
during 1974. Fish samples were also found to contain levels
of PBB. This paper discusses why PBB was found and what action
was taken to lower PBB contamination.
20
-------
87. Milham, Samuel Jr., and Terrence Strong, Human Arsenic Exposure
in Relation to a Copper Smelter , Environmental Research 7, pp.
176—182 (1974).
The authors, associated with the Washington State Department
of Social and Health Services, were involved with testing
children living near a copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington,
for arsenic contamination. Arsenic levels varied with the
proximity of the children to the smelter.
88. Missouri Air Conservation Commission, Missouri Air Monitoring
Network , 1971—1974.
Two types of air sampling were performed in Missouri by the
Missouri Air Conservation Conimision. High volume and settleable
particulate analyses were made for Pb and Cd for a total of 36
sampling sites • Data covered the years 1971—19 74.
89. Missouri Fish and Game Research Center, Fisheries Research
Section, Residues in Fish Collected in Missouri 1970 and 1971 ,
1971.
Approximately 100 fish were collected in the state of Missouri
and analyzed for PCB and mercury levels. Results showed that
levels of these toxic substances existed in a majority of the
samples examined.
90. Missouri Water Supply Program, Water Supply Chemical Analysis ,
19 72—19 74.
This document contains the data obtained from all drinking
sources in Missouri, excluding Kansas City, St. Louis County,
and St. Louis City. Of the 1,000 water supplies sampled, only
100 showed any detectable levels for any of the parameters
under investigation. Of these substances——As, Pb, Cd, Cr,
and Hg——only Pb was found in detectable levels. Values ranged
from 0.001—0.025 ppm.
91. Morgan, Norman L., A Rapid Analytical Technique for the
Determination of Bunker Ł Fuel Oil in Shellfish with Particular
Reference to the January 1971 San Francisco Bay Oil Spill ,
California Department of Fish and Game, Administrative Report
No. 75—1, January 1975. -
A new method for analyzing Bunker C fuel oil in shellfish
has been developed. This new method requires four hours as
opposed to 59 hours for the standard method. After using a
pentanemethanol extraction utilizing a blender, absorption
chromatography on an aluminum—silica column follows. After
vacuum evaporation, the fish sample is then analyzed for the
fuel oil level by gas chromatography.
21
-------
92. Nassau County Department of Health, Lead’ Levels in Blood, 1971—
1974 , 1975.
This document contains data on lead levels in blood taken
during the spring of 1971, and data on lead levels in water
supply distribution systems collected between 1971 and 1974.
93. New England Aquarium Research Department, Trace Metal Analysis
oLBoston Harbor Waters and Sedimeats , Vol. II, T. Gilbert,
G. C. McLeod, R. Maehl, K,. V. Ladd, A. Clay, and A. Barker,
July 1972 (work performed for Department of Water Pollution
Control, Commonwealth of Massachusetts).
This report discusses the examination of Boston seawaters and
sediments for trace metals content. Results showed how the
industrial effluents affected the pollution of Boston waters.
Four metals were analyzed: Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg.
94. New Jersey Bureau of Fisheries, Mercury In New Jersey Shellfish ,
A. J. Julian, Summer 1973.
Shellfish were collected from three New Jersey bays. Both
the outer shell and the meat were analyzed in each sample for
mercury content. Results showed that levels of mercury found
were well below the Federal standards.
95. New York State Department o Environmental Conservation,
Analyses of Fish for Metals Content , 1973.
Shellfish and finfish were sampled for heavy metals content.
Results are reported in ppm.
96. New York State Department of Health, A Study of Chemicals In
Drinking Water from Selected Public Water Systems , 2 Vols.,
October 1970—March 1971, May 1971—April 1972.
This survey, performed in conjunction with the U.S. Geological
Survey, examined the drinking waters of New York state to find
out what chemicals, if any, were contained in the water supply.
Analyses were performed on water samples with the final conclusion
that, in general, chemicals are nct a problem in New York waters.
22
-------
97. New York State Department of Health, Division of Laboratories
and Research, Environmental Health Center, Solid Waste Leaching
Data, 1972—1975 , 1975.
The Environmental Health Center of the New York State Department
of Health sampled wells and other bodies of water for solid
waste toxicity. Results showed CN was the metal with the
highest values.
98. North Carolina Department of Human Resources, Division of Health
Services, Analysis of Public Water Supplies in North Carolina .
1973—1974.
This printout summarizes the an lysls of water samiles taken
from public water supplies in North Carolina during 1973 and
1974. The majority of samples were below the detectable limits.
99. Odom, Ron R., Mercury Contamination in Georgia Rails , Georgia
Department of Natural Rasources, Game and Fish Division, Nov. 1974.
Specimens of soil, crab, and snails were collected from different
areas along the coast of Georgia and were analyzed for mercury
contamination. Mercury was found in varying degrees in all
samples tested.
100. Oregon Department of Agriculture, Mercury File 1970—1974 .
This file of information on mercury contains reports, memos,
data analysis, and accounts of the monitoring performed
throughout Oregon for knowledge of mercury contamination.
101. Pakkala, Irene S., et al., Arsenic Content of Fish from New York
State Waters , New York Fish and Game Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1,
pp. 12-31, January 1972.
Fish from New York state waters were sampled and examined for
arsenic content. Results showed arsenic levels of up to 0.5 ppm,
with larger fish having higher arsenic contamination than smaller
fish.
102. Pennsylvania Bureau of Air Quality Ambient Air Quality Data ,
1971—1973.
Eleven air basins in Pennsylvania analyzed air samples for total
suspended particulates. Over 50,000 data points were collected
and coded into the SAROAD format.
23
-------
103. Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Foods and
Chemistry, Pesticide Report Data , 1971—1974.
This report contains the results of toxic substance analysis
performed by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.
Arsenic, lead, mercury, and PCB’s were found in the various media
examined.
104. Philadelphia Air Management Services, High Volume Air Sampling
Data , 1972—1974.
This report contains data collected from air samp1ing sit s in
the city of Philadelphia. Samples were analyzed for 1ead ’and
cadmium content,and results were coded onto SAROAD forms.
105. St. Louis City AirSampling Network, Air Pollution Data , 1970—1973.
This document contains data from the ten high volume particulate
air sampling sites in St. Louis City. Monthly samples were
submitted for a number of trace metals including Pb, Cd, and Cr.
The time frame for the air sampling was 1970—1973.
106. St. Louis County Air Sampling Network, Air Pollution Data ,
19 71—1974.
This document contains data from the 11 high volume particulate
air sampling sites in St. Louis County. Parameters sampled
included Pb and Cd for the years 1971—1974.
107. Schink, T. D., R. E. Westley, and C. E. Woelke, Pacific Oyster
Embryo Bioassays of Bottom Sediments from Washington Waters ,
Washington State Department of Fisheries, Management and Research
Division, May 1974.
This report discusses and summarizes results of a study evaluating
bottom sediments from several locations in Washington using the
Pacific oyster embryo bioassay procedure. Examination of the
samples were inconclusive.
108. Smith, William H., Metal Contamination of Urban Woody Plants ,
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 7, pp. 631—636,
July 1973.
Woody plants from the city of New Haven, Connecticut were sampled
for metal contamination. Cd was found in “normal” amounts, Cr
was present in “slightly above” normal amounts, and Pb was present
in “above nromal” amounts.
24
-------
109. Stephens, George R., Lester Hankin, and William D. Glover, Jr.,
Lead Emissions from Incinerated Sewage Sludge Detected on Tree
Foliage Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, V. 22,
No. 10, PP. 799—800, October 1972.
Although automobile exhaust is the primary source of lead
pollution, small amounts of lead come from the incineration
of solid waste. A study was conducted showing that trees near
incineration plants absorb lead emissions from the plants.
110. Arokwa, Lee W., and Gene L. Ralston, Water Quality Survey of the
Coeur D’Alene River and the Coeur D’Alcene Lake , Idaho Department
of Health Environmental Improvement Division, March 1972.
This paper describes an ongoing program to monitor the Coeur
d’Alene River and Lake for any effects the nearby mining and
milling activities and the wastes they produce might have on
aquatic life.
ill. Tacoma (Washington) Department of Public Utilities, Water Analysis ,
1968—1974.
Ground water was analyzed by the city of Tacoma. Results showed
toxic substances content to be below the Federal standard.
112. Taylor, Richard W., Presence and Influence of Certain Heavy
Metals on the Yield and Utilization of Medicago Sativa L. ,
Master’s Thesis, University of Connecticut, 1974.
This thesis deals with the potential hazards to the environment
by heavy metals pollution. Three metals——nickel, lead, and
cadmium——were under investigation to determine if these metals
were present in alfalfa grown in Connecticut. A survey then
followed to determine the effects of these metals on the growth of
alfalfa. The final phase of the study was to determine if animals
eating the alfalfa showed any health effects.
113. Tennessee Air Polution Control Division, Air Quality Data , 1972—
1974. (including annual report July 1973—June 1974)
This report contains Hi—Vol air sampling data for Be, Cd, Cr,
and Pb for the years 1972—1974.
25
-------
114. Tennessee Department of Agriculture, Pesticide Residue
Sampling Program , 1971—1975.
This report contains the data obtained during four years of
monitoring for the Pesticide Residue Sampling Program.
Analyses were performed on approximately 1800 samples. A
large majority of them showed no pesticide contamination.
115. Tennessee Came and Fish Commission, Annual Progress Reports ,
2 Vols., 1971—1972, 1972—1973.
These annual reports, covering the period July 1971 through
June 1973,dlscuss the pesticide monitoring program set up by
the commission and also discuss the investigations by the
commission of disease and pollution—caused fish kills. The
reports contain extensive PCB data.
116. Tennessee Valley Authority, Mercury in Flesh of Fish Taken from
TVA Reservoirs , 1973.
TVA sampled its reservoirs for mercury contamination in fish.
This report contains the data taken during this monitoring
effort.
117. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Mercury in Texas Fish ,
1971.
Fish samples from four locations in Texas were analyzed for
mercury contamination. Values ranged from 0.005—0.870 ppm and
0.11—0.55 mg/kg for two separate analyses.
118. Texas State Department of Health, An Environmental Impact Study
of the American Smelting and Refining Company’s Zinc Smelter , 1972.
The Texas State Department of Agriculture, in conjunction with
various Amarillo City and County agencies, performed an environ-
mental impact assessment of the ASARCO Zinc Smelter in Amarillo,
Texas. Many conclusions were drawn, including the fact that
although the smelter is emitting toxic substances, it is tech-
nologically and economically possible for the plant to install
abatement equipment.
26
-------
119. Texas State Department of Health, Division of Shellfish
Sanitation Control, Study of Metals in Seafoods In Texas
Estuaries , February 1975.
The Division of Shellfish Sanitation Control of the Texas State
Department of Health monitors shellfish along the Texas coast
for heavy metals contamination. Mercury monitoring has been of
prime importance since 1970, when mercury discharge from an
industrial plant contaminated oysters, causing heavy financial
losses for the oyster fisheries. This report discusses the
results of the ongoing analyses.
120. Texas State Department of Health, Water Surveillance Division,
Wastewater Surveillance Data , 1971—1974.
This document contains water data gathered from different river
basins throughout Texas. Water samples were analyzed for toxic
substances content. All of the values appeared to be below
Public Health Service standards.
121. Tidswell, Brooke III, and William E. McCasland, An Evaluation
of Pesticide Residues on Silt and Sediment in Texas Waterways ,
Texas Department of Agriculture, August 1972.
This report outlines and discusses a program designed by the
Texas Department of Agriculture to define the extent of pesticide
pollution in Texas streams. A total of 433 silt samples were
examined, with 54.5 percent showing levels of pesticide residues.
122. University of Connecticut, Department of Pathobiology, Annual
Report 1972—1973, 1973—1974, Academic Year , 1973, 1974.
This annual report discusses the ongoing research projects and
programs studied by the Pathobiology Department of the University
of Connecticut. Included in this report are lectures and
seminars given by the Pathobiology Department staff, and a list
of their publications to date.
123. Utah State Department of Agriculture, Biennial Report , 1974.
Among the topics covered in this report is the routine screening
of foods and feeds for pesticide contamination. PCB’s were
never found above detectable limits.
27
-------
124. Washington State Department of Social and ’ .Health Services,
Of fl-ce of Environmental Health Programs, Tacoma’ Smelter Study ,
19-70—1974..
The data f or this study showed that the Tacoma?smelter emitted
lead . cadmium, and arsenic in high amounts-. These emissions
were’ analyzed as to their potential health effects.
125. Wesolowski, J. J., i. John, R. Kaifer, Lead SourceI’dčntificatlon
by Multi—Element Ahalysis of! Diurnal Sainple of Ambieiit Air ,
Advances in Chemistry Series,, Number l23 1973.
The authors have ’ developed a method that. determines- the. nature
and presence of non—automotive lead sources in- a given area
from ambient air. particulatess samples. The method has been
tested. and’ proven successful’.
126. Westley,. R-. E., et’ al., A Preliminary Evaluation of Toxicity of
the Bottom Sediments of Olympia .Harbor , State of Washington,
Department of Fisheries, Management and Rasearch Division,
April 1972.
The Department of Fisheries extracted sediment samples from
Olympia Harbor and examinedthem for lead and chromium content.
Findings showed no finite values for lead, and chromium .values
ranging from30 to 46mg/ .gm..
127. Whelan,. James A., and Carol Petersen, Geology and Geochemistry
of Great Salt .Lake——an’Interim Report to’the Utah Legislative.
Council, , Utah State Department ’ of Geolbgy, Division ’of Geological
and .Mineral Survey,. October 1974-.
The- Great Salt Lake is under. investigation by the Utah Geological
and’Mineral Survey in conjunction.with the Department-of-. Environ-
mental HeaLth, and’ the Division of Waste: Resources, to evaluate
and’ assess the effects of heavy. metals ’ upon the: lake. The report
contains the preliminary data’ from- the investigation’;., alOng with
a discussion-of the findings.
2 8’
-------
128. Wolkowski, Rochelle M., Differential Cadmium—Induced Embryotoxicity
in Two Inbred Mouse Strains. I. Analysis of Inheritance of the
Response to Cadmium and of the Presence of Cadmium in Fetal and
Placental Tissues , Teratology, V. 10, No. 3, pp. 243—262,
December 1974.
Cadmium has been found to adversely affect human beings and
other animals. The experiment reported in this paper describes
how Cd affected mouse embryos and fetuses when injected into the
mother or directly into the fetus.
129. Yankel, A. J., and I. Vonlindern, Procedures Employed for a
Study of Lead in Dust, Soil, and the Ambient Air , Idaho Depart—
trient of Health and Welfare, November 1974.
This report discusses the ongoing air monitoring program in the
Silver Valley. Mining and other related operations have been
extensive over the past 100 years, and as a result of these
activities, lead levels in air have been under careful observation.
When these levels increased in 1973, the Department of Health and
Welfare decided a special study was necessary.
29
-------
LISTING OF DATA NOT OBTAINED
1. California
• Department of Fish and Game . At the time of the agency visit,
data was being compiled on analysis of fish and surface water
for the toxic substances of Interest for the years 1970—1974.
The data is to be published In a report which sould be avail-
able from the Department in late 1975.
• Department of Public Health, Food and Drug Division . The
Division has heavy metal analysis data for processed foods
for the period 1971—present. It was not possible to arrange
a meeting with the Division Director or his Deputy during
the time of visits to other California agencies, and their
permission Is required for release of the data.
• Monterey Valley Environmental Monitoring Pilot Project .
A special project was established in 1971 to monitor toxic
substances in a wide range of med’ia in the Monterey Valley.
At the time o f the visit a project report was in preparation
whicti would include all available data in an appendix.
That report had not been obtained at the t ime this final
report was prepared.
2. Co orado
Engineering an& Sanitation Division . The Division tests
pubiic water supplies ‘for ‘several of the heavy metals of
interest, and every several yea rs ‘the data Is complied and
published. The most recent publication contained data
30
-------
through 1970. The Division was beginning to compile post—
1970 data at the time of the visit, and expected that a re-
port would be available in 1975. The report had not been
received when this final report was prepared.
3. Connecticut
• Department of Health . Beginning in the fall of 1974, public
water supplies have been monitored for several heavy metals
of interest. The data had not been compiled at the time of
the visit and could not be readily made available.
• Agricultural Experiment Station . All eight principal toxic
substances of interest are monitored at random in foods.
There is no systematic compilation of toxic substances data,
and the data could not readily be made available from the
files for copying.
• Department of Environmental Protection, Solid Waste Division .
Surface water monitoring data on heavy metals of interest
has been accumulated for several years. The data was being
compiled for computer processing at the time of the visit
and could not be made available.
4. Deleware
• Division of Environmental Control . Post—1971 data on heavy
metals in surface water was available. However, at the time
of the visit the data was being entered into the STORET sys-
tem, and so it was not obtained.
31
-------
5. Florida
• Bureau of Sanitary. Engineering . Analysis of public water
supplies for arsenic and chromium began in 19 ’74, but the
small amount of data available has not been prepared for
release
• Broward County,. Florida, Health Department. The county has
over 12 years of data on heavy metals of interest.- i n ground-
water samples. However, the data’ is uncompiled and i n a
number of files, and the agency could not spend’ the several
man—days which would be required to retrieve and’ copy the
appropriate data. The meeting schedule in the state did
not allow for the time- required to- obtain the data from
Broward County.
6. Idaho
•‘ Water Quality’ Bureau . The Bureau has responsibility for
stream water qua’lity and public water supply. Stream data
goes to STORET. Some metals ana’lys-is. is done for water
supplies, which is not included in S.TORET. now. The monitoring
program is being upgraded, and the data will be’ computerized.
When this is accomplished the data will be readily available.-
All the data had’ not been computerized at the time this final
report. was prepared.
7. Iowa
•- Hygienic Laboratory . This’ laboratory- has monitoring’ data on
32
-------
PCB’s, but it is combined in files with other analysis data
not relavent to the project, and the time that would be
required for retrieval was considered excessive in terms of
other state data which could be more readily obtained.
8. Michigan
• Department of Health . A study of PCB contamination in the
state had been interrupted by analysis requirements for a
major PBB contamination episode. When the work is completed
on PBB analysis, the Department expects to resume the PCB
work. Some PCB data was obtained from the Agriculture Depart-
ment, but the Health Department data was not available at the
time this final report was prepared.
9. Missouri
• St. Louis City Health Department . The city has blood lead
level data which includes the period 1971—present. At the
time of the meeting in St. Louis, the data was being comput-
erized for analysis and the city agreed to send a printout
of the data when analysis was completed. The data had not
been received when this final report was prepared.
10. New Jersey
• Division of Water Resources . With EPA assistance, the Division
was reorganizing its monitoring and data handling operations.
All toxic substances data for the water media is in the pro-
cess of being computerized, and when this is completed,
33
-------
arrangements will be made to include the data in STORET.
11. New York
• Department of Environmental Conservation, Fish and Wildlife
Management . Data on about 3,000 analyses of fish and wild-
life for PCBtS and mercury Is filed in laboratory report
form at several laboratories with other environmental data.
Retrieval was determined to be too time—consuming since data
from other state agencies was more readily available, and
this New York data was not obtained.
• Department of Health, Division of Laboratories and Research .
This Department has an extensive laboratory system, with a
large volume of uncompiled data on most of the toxic sub-
stances of interest from a wide variety of samples. Repeated
requests have been made for the data, but apparently resources
could not be made available in the Department for the consider-
able work involved In retrieving and copying the data.
• New York City Department of Air Resources . Data on Hi—Vol
sample analysis for a number of metals is available for the
period 1971—present, and arrangements were made for the city
to provide copies of the data. The data had not been received
after several follow—up requests. Apparently reductions in
staff have made it difficult for the agency to allocate the
time required to retrieve and copy the data.
34
-------
12. Tennessee
• Department of Public Health, Sanitary Engineering Division .
Treated public water supplies and wells are monitored for
most of the toxic substances of interest. However, the
reports are filed with other information by each supply and
a great deal of time would be required to retrieve and copy
the appropriate data. Since data from other state agencies
was more readily available, this water supply data was not
obtained.
13. Texas
• Water Development Board . Besides surface water data, which
is computerized and available through USGS, the Board has
a large amount of data on heavy metals of interest which
are monitored In a groundwater sampling system. This data
is presently in over 1000 separate files along with other
related information, but it will be computerized to become
part of an overall state water data bank. Since an exces-
sive amount of time would have been required to retrieve and
copy appropriate data, and since the data is to be part of
a larger computerized system in the near future, the Texas
groundwater data was not obtained.
14. Utah
• Environmental Health Bureau, Air Quality Section . Hi—Vol
filters are analyzed for beryllium in Utah from three sites
35
-------
near bery1lium mining operations. At the time of the meet-
ings in Utah, the data was beingvalidatedfor submission to
EPA ’s Region VIII Office.
15. Washington
.- Washington Department of Ecology, Air Quality Division . The
Division. does analysis for a number of heavy meta1s of inter-
est, and arrangements were made to obtain all of thë .available
data - from 1971 to the present. Despite several follow—up
requests, the data had’ not been rece ived at the time this
final report was prepared. It is believed that at least
part of the delay was caused by the physical move of the air
quality laboratory, together with all records, which occurred
during the-course of the’ project.
36
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Ii& ctlons on the reverse before completing)
2.
3 RECIPIENTS ACCESSIOI PNO.
State Data for Eight Selected Toxic
5 REPORT DATE
September, 1975
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Spewak, S. Stryker, S. Tracey
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
75—52 Volume III
NAME AND ADDRESS
Park
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
2LA32 8
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68—01—2933 -
AND ADDRESS
Substances
Protection Agency
20460
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
the Office of Toxic Substances, EPA, contracted with MITRE
analyze toxic substances data In the U.S. In the next 14 months
agencies in 20 key states and collected and analyzed their
This appendix is a cross—reference bibliography by state and
every body of data and report collected from the state agencies
the project.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI Field/Group
Lead
Mercury
PLB’s
Toxic Substances —
Bibliography
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThIsReporr)
Unclassified
21 NO OF PAGES
40
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220 -I (9-73)
------- |