United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
the Comptroller
January 1984
f/EPA
Summary of the
1985 Budget
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FOREWORD
This summary of the President's 1985 Budget for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency presents major re-
source changes and related program priorities. it is
organized into six sections.
Overview - The overview describes major goals and
program directions. We have highlighted the key pro-
grammatic issues that are central to the President's
1985 Budget for EPA.
Superfund - This section details program responsibili-
ties, resources, and plans for the Superfund program.
Operating Budget Program Highlights - This section pre-
sents summaries o? changes for each of the Agency's
major programs.
Research and Development - We highlight research activ-
ities in support of the Agency's regulatory programs in
this section.
State and Local Grants - This section summarizes the
President's proposal for State and local grants included
in the operating program.
Construction Grants - We explain the President's Budget
for the municipal wastewater treatment facilities con-
struction program in this section.
An appendix to the document contains budget tables com-
paring the 1985 President's Budget with the current funding
level for 1984 and the appropriated funding level for 1983.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
OVERVIEWOFTHE1985BUDGET....... ..... ., . . . . .• ., . .•••• 1
S UPERFIJND. . . • • • • •• • ••• • • •• • •••••••• 9
OPERATING BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS
Al r................. •••••............................
Water Quality.....,.....,..........,.....,....,...... 22
Drinking Water. 76
Hazardous Waste.........................,.....,...,.. 30
Pesticides. . . . . . •....... . . . •••••... . . . . . . . ........ . •. 34
Radiation. . . •....... . . ........ . . . . . . • ......... ....... 38
I nterdi Sc i p1 i nary. . . . . .......... . . . •. •..... . . . . . . . . . . 42
Toxic Substances................,...,..,.,.,,....,.,. 46
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Management and Support...............,...,........... 54
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . •....... . . . . . . ........... ..... 59
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS......S............,..........S.. 69
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS . 73
APPENDIX: Budget Tables...........,...............,... 79
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Note : The charts on the following pages include the ini-
tial i 4 President’s Budget, 1984 Current Estimate, and the
1985 President’S Budget. unless otherwise noted, all comparisons
between 1985 and 1984 budget levels in the narrative refer to the
1984 Current Estimate and the 1985 President’S Budget. Addition-
refer to total workyearS, rather
than only “permanent” workyears as in previoLii years.
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OVERVIE
—1—
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COMPARED WIN THE PRESiDENT’S FY 1984 BUDGET,
THE AGENCY’S OPERA11NG BUDGET IS UP 27% WHILE
THE SUPERFUND BUDGET IS MORE THAN DOUBLFT)
(S 1P4 MIw0NS)
OPERATiNG
PROGRAMS
SUPERFUND
CONSTRUC11ON
GRAN
$3,659
$3,954
$4 ,249
UP 27%
UP 106%
STABLE
FY
D VS
BUDGET
FY
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
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OVERVIEW OF THE 1985 BUDGET
The 1985 President’s Budget for the Environmental
Protection Agency represents a major investment in the
future. The 1985 budget continues a period of expansion
for every program which EPA manages, building on increases
requested by the Administration and supported by Congress
for the 1984 fiscal year.
EPA’s 1985 Budget includes $1.2 billion and 10,941
workyears for our operating programs, $640 million and
1,357 workyears for the Superfund program, and $2.4
billion for municipal sewage treatment construction. The
President’s Budget also requests a supplemental for 1984
of 50 million and 50 workyears for the Superfund program
and 5.5 million for the Acid Rain program. The 1985
Budget reflects an increase of $590 million and 1,850
workyears from the President’s original 1984 Budget for
EPA, excluding Construction Grants ——Increases of 47 per-
cent in dollars and 18 percent in people.
The following key programmatic issues are central to
the President’s proposed 1985 EPA budget.
The Control of Hazardous Waste
The control of hazardous waste continues as the
environmental issue of most concern to Americans. The
1985 Budget proposes a continued major expansion of our
Superfund efforts —- a 106 percent increase in dollars
and a 92 percent increase in workyears from the initial
proposals for 1984 made last January. Compared to our
current 1984 levels, this is a 56 percent dollar and a
35 percent workyear increase. The majority of this
funding will support a threefold increase from 1984
appropriated levels in the number of sites where EPA
will begin remedial construction.
Other Superfund program Increases requested for 1985
will support EPA’s expanded enforcement efforts, particu-
larly in the area of cost recoveries, and for research
and development projects in support of Superfund activi-
ties. The Agency is also requesting an additional $50
million and 50 workyears in 1984 to support the continued
expansion of the Superfund program. These funds will
support increased site investigations, designs and con-
structions.
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The President’s Budget request for the hazardous waste
program provides an increase of $7.3 million dollars to
develop regulations to expand and strengthen the existing
hazardous waste program, and to continue our efforts to
develop and implement cost-effective regulations. In
1985, the Agency is requesting $47.0 million dollars for
hazardous waste grants to States. This level remains con-
stant with 1984.
Acid Rain Research
The President’s 1985 Budget requests a major increase
of resources to support EPA’s Acid Rain research program.
The Agency’s research in this area will increase to $34.4
million in 1985, an increase of 124 percent over the 1984
level. Throughout the Federal Government, acid rain re-
search will more than double in 1985 to $55.5 million from
$27.6 million in 1984.
Many questions still remain unanswered about the
causes, effects, and methods of mitigating or controlling
acid rain. In 1985, EPA will expand the basic research
program to develop the necessary data to fully understand
the sources and characteristics of acid rain to define
the extent of damage caused by acid rain; and most im-
portantly, to determine the need for mitigating measures.
In addition to the increases in 1985, the Agency is re-
questing a 1984 supplemental for acid rain research of
$5.5 million dollars to support the National Lakes Survey.
This program will survey approximately 3,000 lakes to
establish broad baseline data on the status of lake cheni—
istry throughout the lJnited States.
Other Research Investments
The President’s 1985 Budget requests a 14 percent
dollar increase over 1984 for EPA research activities.
These proposals seek first to improve the management
of EPA’s research efforts, and second to strengthen the
resource base where it is needed and where it can be
effectively used to achieve environmental benefits.
EPA’s 1985 research program will be strengthened to
emphasize four areas: acid rain, understanding the risks
posed by hazardous and toxic chemicals, enhancing our re-
search to assess technologies which control pollutants,
and improving the scientific basis for estimating the
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human health consequences of environmental pollutants.
The President’s Budget for 1985 will enable EPA to effec-
tively utilize its investment in research to achieve
specific and visible environmental improvements.
Enfo rcement
EPA’s 1985 Budget request proposes substantial in-
creases in the enforcement area. Fifty-five percent of
the enforcement increases above initial 1984 levels are
for the Superfund program. This expanded resource base
will enable the Agency to ensure an adequate enforcement
presence given the increasing numbers of sites identified
and included on the National Priority List. The Presi-
dent’s Budget also increases EPA’s resources for toxic
substances enforcement to support additional inspections
and case development for the PCB and asbestos-in-schools
rules. EPA is also proposing enforcement increases for
our efforts aimed at fully eliminating the backlog of
major water permits by the end of fiscal year 1985. This
will assure that industrial and municipal dischargers
have permits in sufficient time to comply with statutory
requi rements.
Major New Initiatives
The 1985 Budget contains a major initiative for the
Chesapeake Bay. EPA is proposing a $10 million program
for the Chesapeake Bay, designed to support the Bay
States through cost—sharing grants while continuing the
Agency’s role in monitoring and modeling. EPA’s budget
also includes $6.9 million for a new radiation facility
in Montgomery, Alabama. This laboratory will support
the Agency’s Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System, which is the only national network for measuring
environmental radiation levels.
Stable Funding For State Grants
EPA’s 1985 Budget request supports a strong partner-
ship with State and local governments which carry out
large parts of the Nation’s environmental protection ef-
fort. The 1985 Budget allocates $238 million for grant
assistance programs, with all grants directly supporting
state operations continuing at the 1984 levels. The
Construction Grants Program, EPA’s largest program, is
maintained at the authorized grant level of $2.4 billion,
in recognition of the reform legislation enacted in 1982.
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NE SUPERF1JND BUDGET INCREASES BY $230 Mu i ION WHILE
THE OPERA11NG BUDGET INCREASES BY $95 MIWON
AGENCY APPROPRIATiONS
$(P lIWONS)
U SUPERFIJND PROGRAM
OPERA11NG PROGRAMS
$771 $784
$700
$454 $477
$303
$1849
$1428
$1524
$1269
$1203
$1276
$999
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OUR PERMANENT WORKYEARS INCREASE BY 11%
EJ SUPER FUND PROGRAM
OPERA11NG PROGRAMS
10150 10224
Note: Reflects permanent workyear portion of totd workyear ceilings only.
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SUPERFUND
-9-
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Superfund
FY 1983
Ceiling
707
I
F? 1984
President’s
Budget
1,007
F? 1’984
Current
Estimate
1,357
F? 1985
President’s
Budget
$640
(Workyeárs)
$410
$310
$210
$(M lft lons)
F? 1984
Current
Estimate
F?
President’s
Budget
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StJPERFUND PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly known
as Superfund, established for the first time a broad-
based Federal and State program to address the threats
posed to public health and the environment by uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites and spills of hazardous substances.
The costs of implementing CERCLA are funded from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund. This Fund,
established under CERCLA, is financed primarily by spe-
cial taxes on industry and by Federal appropriations.
EPA, in conjunction with other Federal agencies and
the States, will continue to address threats to the public
health and the environment either by providing direct
Federal action to respond to the threat, or by initiating
enforcement actions to compel those responsible to assume
the costs of responding or to recover the costs of Federal
actions.
The President’s 1985 budget provides $640.0 million
supported by 1,357 workyears for the Superfund program.
This is an increase of 230.0 million (+56%) and 350 work-
years (+35%) from the 1984 appropriated levels. High-
lights of the 1985 President’s Budget are as follows:
• Policy Changes in 1983 Have Resulted in a Significant
Acceleration of the Program : In 1983, EPA initi-
ated three major policy changes that have Improved
the Agency’s ability to rapidly address Superfund
sites. Specifically, EPA has:
--broadened its interpretation of the criteria for un-
dertaking emergency response actions at sites;
--eliminated State cost share requirements for remedial
planning: and
—- required that a site analysis be conducted prior to
negotiation with responsible parties, thus simplifying
the negotiation process.
These changes helped produce a dramatic increase in
the number of sites where work was undertaken during
1983. Removal actions increased by 84% (from 51 in
1982 to 94 in 1983), thereby expanding the Agency’s
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ability to quickly stabilize sites and provide immedi-
ate protection to public health and the environment.
P1 anni ng efforts to support either Fund—financed clean-
up or enforcement efforts were undertaken at 115 sites
during 1983. This is an increase of over 187% from the
40 remedial investigations originally planned. By the
end of 1983, EPA had initiated analysis for long—term
site response at 166 sites as compared to 51 sites
at the end of 1982.
• To Continue This Acceleration in 1984 the President’s
Budget Includes a Supplemental Request of $50.0 Mil-
lion: In order to maintain the momentum gained durTng
1983, EPA is requesting an additional $50.0 million
supported by 51) workyears in 1984 for the continued
expansion of the Superfund program. Most of these
funds will directly Support increased remedial inves-
tigations, designs and constructions. In total, •EPA
intends to have initiated site planning at 281 sites
by the end of 1984.
• EPA Will Significantly Expand the Number of Site Con-
structions in 1985 : In 1985, EPA is requesting $535.6
million supported by 632 workyears for site response,
an increase of $222.2 million or 71 percent over the
current 1984 budget. The majority of the funding will
support a threefold increase in the number of sites
where remedial construction will begin. In 1985, EPA
expects to begin implementation of selected alter-
natives at 46 sites as compared to 15 sites planned
at the 1984 appropriated levels.
EPA also intends to implement planning work at an addi-
tional 115 sites for eventual Fund—financed or enforce-
ment cleanup efforts. By the end of 1986, with the addi-
tional funds requested in 1984, 396 sites will have had
planning initiated for long—term response.
The Agency will also continue the expanded removal pro-
gram begun during 1983 to ensure that immediate threats
to public health and the environment are addressed
without waiting for the completion of detailed site
analyses. This will not only ensure that threats to
public health are reduced, hut could prevent further
deterioration of natural resources, particularly the
Nation’s ground water supply.
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Finally, as part of the Agency’s dioxin strategy, EPA
will investigate production and disposal facilities
associated with the most serious forms of dioxin.
Where appropriate, emergency response will be under-
taken to protect public health and the environment.
Dioxin sites may also be scored, using the hazard
ranking system, for inclusion in the National Priori-
ties List. Long-term response may then he undertaken
in accordance with the criteria established in the
National Contingency Plan.
• EPA Will Increase its Enforcement Efforts by 65% in
T985 : The Agency is requesting $48.9 million suppor-
ted by 508 workyears, an increase of $19.2 million
(+65%) and 193 workyears (+61%). The increase will
support EPA’s expanded enforcement efforts, particu-
larly in the area of cost recoveries. During 1985,
the Agency expects to initiate 48 cases to recover
Trust Fund monies, an increase of 14 cases or 41%
over 1984. Emphasis will shift from initiating less
complex removal related cases to the larger and more
complex remedial action cases. This shift reflects
a maturing program as remedial actions are either
completed or reach the construction stage where suf-
ficient cost data is available to seek recoveries.
The Agency will continue to file cases with the
Department of Justice to compel private cleanup where
appropriate, including those instances where Fund-
financed cleanup cannot be undertaken. The Agency
will also provide assistance to States in developing
enforcen,er,t cases and legal capabilities.
Finally, EPA will initiate enforcement actions under
CERCLA, when appropriate, as part of the Agency’s
implementation of the dioxin strategy. These actions
will seek to have responsible parties address dioxin
contamination when it is identified at production
or disposal facilities.
• Other Federal Agencies Will Continue to Provide Sup-
port For EPA’s Implementation of CERCLA : EPA is re-
questing $17.8 million for other Federal agencies to
provide ongoing support for the Superfund program.
With funding for the Times Beach relocation excluded,
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EPA is requesting an increase of $5.1 million in on-
going support for such agencies as the Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of
Justice, and the U.S. Coast Guard.
The majority of the increase, $4.5 million, is to pro-
vide for increased field support and health studies
by HHS. This is consistent with the increase in the
level of program activity planned for 1985. HHS will
provide EPA with scientific and technical data regard-
ing the health hazards posed at priority sites.
• The Research and Development Program Will Emphasize
Support to Enforcement and Site Cleanup Technolog7
Evaluations : As the Superfund program matures,
greater involvement is required by the Office of
Research and Development to support the site assess-
ment, cleanup, and enforcement actions for uncontrol-
led hazardous waste sites. In 1985, Superfund re-
search and development activities are increased by
$3.9 million and 16 workyears to reflect this need.
More specifically, the engineering program is in-
creased by $2.6 million and 10 workyears to evaluate
additional technologies and techniques that can
be used for site cleanup as well as to assist program
personnel in the development and presentation of
enforcement cases. Similarly, monitoring and quality
assurance activities are increased by $1.2 million
and 5 workyears to support increased sampling, quali-
ty assurance, and program support for enforcement
actions and settlement agreements.
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OPERATING BUDGJ T HIGHLIGHTS
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Air
1,667 1,696 1,758
_______ 1,577
(woricyears)
983 9 8 4 F? 1984 F? 985
Ceiling Presidents Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$215
$191
$(MilUons)
‘ > 983 984 FT 1984 F? 985
Appropriated President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
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AIR PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
In accordance with the Clean Air Act, as amended in
1977, EPA is authorized to conduct a national program of
air pollution research, regulation, and enforcement ac-
tivities. The principal objectives of EPA’s strategy to
meet Clean Air Act requirements in the 1980’s include:
(1) achieving National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) nationwide; (2) maintaining strong State and
local air quality programs; (3) ensuring that the NAAQS
continue to be based on the most accurate and up-to-date
scientific information available; (4) establishing and en-
forcing national technology based standards and guide-
lines and (5) developing and implementing strategies to
solve new problems, including air toxics and acid de-
position.
Air program activities have been directed primarily
at the attainment and maintenance of NAAOS. The Agency’s
strategy for attaining the NAAQS includes working with
States to complete and enforce the State Implementation
Plans (SIPs) required by the Act. Since 1970, SIPs have
been the chief regulatory means to reach the healthful
levels of air quality set by the NAAQS.
In addition to remedying SIPs still inadequate to
meet NAAOS, the States and EPA will carry out a compre-
hensive enforcement program aimed at achieving continuous
compliance by stationary and mobile sources. The sta-
tionary source enforcement program will emphasize com-
pliance by “significant violators,” particularly those
major sources in or affecting areas not meeting health-
related air standards. The program will allow States
more flexibility in scheduling Inspections, and will re-
quire sources to increase the use of continuous emissions
monitori ng.
The mobile source compliance and enforcement program
continues the move toward Increasing emphasis on the com-
pliance of vehicles in-use in 1985. For example, the
recall initiative is expanded and additional emphasis will
be placed on encouraging States to develop enforcement
programs to curtail fuel switching and tampering.
In 1985, the EPA research and development program
will continue to support the air quality regulatory pro-
gram by providing other EPA offices, State and local
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governments, and the regulated community with informa-
tion necessary to set standards for: ozone, gases, and
particles; hazardous air pollutants; and mobile source
emissions. Additionally, the research program supports
the implementation, enforcement, and permitting pro-
grams through development of air quality models, monitor-
ing methods, quality assurance procedures, and evaluation
of emission reduction technologies.
The President’s 1985 budget provides $228.8 million
supported by 1,758 workyears for the Air program, repre-
senting an increase of $4.0 million and 62 workyears from
1984. The highlights of changes to the Air program are
as follows:
• Research and Development Will Emphasize Health and
Risk Assessments : The Agency is requesting $ 5.2
million supported by 465 workyears for air research
and development activities. This represents an in-
crease of $3.0 million and 14 workyears. In the haz-
ardous air pollutants program, efforts will he intensi-
fied to prepare comprehensive health and risk assess-
ments on potential hazardous air pollutants. These
scientific assessments provide the primary basis for
EPA’s decision to regulate airborne substances. Addi-
tionally, a long-term cancer assessment program will
be initiated to address a long-standing scientific
problem —— the lack of information on the relationship
between air pollution and cancer. In 1985, epidemiology
studies will be expanded in the gases and particles
program. Increased resources for this effort will en-
able EPA to coll aborate with other agencies to improve
population pollutant exposure estimates.
• Air Ouality Planning and Standards, and Air Toxics Pro-
grams Will Increase: In 1985, EPA will utilize 297
workyears and $25.8millionto develop New Source Perfor-
mance Standards, National Emission Standards for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants, review and revise ambient air qual-
ity standards, identify and assess potential hazardous
toxics pollutants, manage and overview the SIP process,
and coordinate national monitoring programs. This re-
presents an increase of 27 workyears, reflecting greater
emphasis on air toxics control. The Agency is committed
to carrying out federal responsibilities and supporting
State programs to reduce air toxics. EPA has begun
development of a more comprehensive strategy for con—
-is-
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trolling toxic air pollutants. The Agency plans to
maintain a high rate of promulgation of emission
standards, and review and revise NAAQS with emphasis
placed on meeting schedules required by statute.
• Maintaining Our Efforts in State Grants : State and
local grants under Section 105 of the Clean Air Act
total $87.7 million, which is identical to the 1984
Congressional appropriation. In 1985, States will
emphasize the development of those additional regula-
tory steps or programs necessary for the attain-
rnent of NAAOSs, particularly in areas missing the
statutory 1982 attainment deadline or having exten-
sions of the deadline to 1987. States will maintain
the full operation and quality assurance of the
National Air Monitoring System (NAMS), and State and
Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS) networks. A
number of States will continue to develop new or
expanded air toxics programs. States will continue
to perform required inspections and provide associated
follow—up on all significant sources.
• Mobile Source Focuses on In-Use Vehicles : The bud-
get proposal for mobile source compliance and en-
forcement activities totals 300 workyears and $20.0
million, reflecting an increase of $1.0 million and
9 workyears. The 1985 program will highlight assist-
ing States and local governments in adopting and
implementing their own tampering and fuel switching
enforcement programs. The recall initiative will be
expanded with an increased emphasis on vehicle testing
in support of in use vehicle emissions determinations.
• Focused EPA Enforcement Approach : The Stationary
Source Enforcement Program remains relatively constant
at $14.7 million supported by 310 total workyears. In
1985, the compliance program will carry forward the
basic thrust of the 1984 budget, which is to ensure
that significant violators in non-attainment areas
are brought into compliance, consistent with the re-
quirements of the Clean Air Act. A major focus in
1985 will be sources of volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions. The 1985 budget reflects a major
shift in the manner in which EPA will conduct inves-
tigations; due to court rulings affecting the use of
contract inspectors, the Agency will rely more on
its own personnel rather than on contractors for
most classes of inspections.
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• Increase in Regional Air Ouality Management and Mon-
itoring : In 1985, the Agency requests 386 workyears
and $15.4 million for the operation of air management
and monitoring programs, an increase of 12 workyears.
Regional programs will continue to provide effective
and timely policy guidance and technical consultation
to States. Increased emphasis will be placed on
several new and expanded program efforts including:
SIP revisions related to revised NAAQS; air toxics;
in—use vehicles and emissions trading; analysis of
strategy alternatives for areas missing the statutory
1982 deadline or areas not expected to attain the
ozone and carbon monoxide standards by 1987; and
programs for particulate matter and toxic pollutants
monitoring.
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Water Quality
2,212 2,207 2,259
(Workysars) - -___ %\ \ -_-
> 1983 > ‘ 984 r( 1984 Fl 985
Ceiling President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$206 $216 $218
$151
$(MillIons)
rc 9 83 f984 FY 1984 ryg
Appropriated President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
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WATER OUALITY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The purpose of EPA’s Water Quality program is to re-
store and maintain the chemi cal , physical, and biol ogical
integrity of the Nation’s waters. The Clean Water Act re-
cognizes that the States have the primary responsibility
in this effort. EPA’s role is carried out through re-
search and development, enforcement, regulatory develop-
ment, and technical and financial assistance.
The President’S 1985 Budget provides 2,259 workyears
and $217.7 million for Water Quality programs, an increase
of 52 workyears and $1.5 million.
The major themes which characterize the Water Quality
program In 1985 include an initiative for the Chesapeake
Bay: eliminating permit backlogs; improving compliance;
implementing a sound marine protection program; promul-
gating the remaining effluent guidelines; and effectively
managing the Construction Grants program.
• A Major Initiative for the Chesapeake Bal : The Agency
proposes a $10 million initiative for the Chesapeake
Bay, designed to support the Bay States’ efforts to
clean up the Bay through cost—sharing grants while
continuing EPA’s role in monitoring and modeling.
This represents an increase of $5.8 million over
1984.
Similarly, the Great Lakes National Program Office
in Chicago and our Grosse Ile lab maintain their
1984 staffing levels.
• Eliminating the Permits Backlo9 : The focus in 1985
will be to eliminate the backlog of major permits
that must be Issued by the Agency so that municipal
and industrial dischargerS have sufficient time to
meet compliance deadlines. Priority will be given to
reissuing expired major industrial permits where best
available technology guidelines are In place, and to
reissue major municipal permits. Resources in this
program increase in 1985 by 39 workyears and $1.6
million. This builds on the additional support pro-
vided for this program in 1984.
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• Improving Compliance with Water Permits : The major
emphasis in this area will be the National Municipal
Policy to be published in 1984. The main goal of
this policy is to assure that Federally-funded treat-
ment facilities are properly constructed, operated,
and maintained and that facilities not receiving
Federal funds take steps necessary to meet effluent
limits. Where significant noncompliance persists EPA
will take vigorous enforcement action.
A second focus in 1985 will be on compliance of pre-
treatment requirements and development of pretreatment
programs. Resources for enforcement activities in-
crease by 18 workyears and $2.3 million in 1985.
• Completing Effluent Guidelines : EPA plans to promul-
gate all of the remaining NRDC Consent Decree guide-
lines in 1985. Increased emphasis in 1985 will be
placed on providing support for litigation and nego-
tiation, as well as providing technical Support to
States on applying the guidelines to actual permit
applications. Resources to support regulatory devel-
opment are being phased down, reflecting the comple-
tion of this major effort.
• Improving Tools and Knowledge for Environmental De-
cisions : EPA will continue to develop tools for
determining mitigation strategies beyond technology-
based controls, with work in areas such as biomonj-
toring and criteria for marine and estuarine situa-
tions. The Agency is also developing criteria for
sludge and sediment to improve environmental decision
making. Resources to support these efforts are in-
creased by 8 workyears and $2.7 million.
• Implementing a Marine Protection Program : EPA will
promulgate a comprehensive ocean disposal regulation.
The Agency will provide a balanced approach to meet
the statutory criteria listed in the Marine Protec-
tion, Research, and Sanctuaries Act and the Court’s
interpretations. It will also address procedures
for reviewing incineration-at-sea permit applications.
The Agency will also complete and issue Environmental
Impact Statements for all remaining dredge disposal
sites listed in the National Wildlife Federation
Consent Decree. The Agency will also monitor existing
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disposal sites, including incineration—at—sea sites,
to determine the environmental impact of ocean dis-
posal. Resourcesin thisareaincreaseby $.3million.
• Managing Construction Grants : As the Construction
Grants program matures, EPAUs primary role will be
to ensure that funds are targeted to projects with
the greatest water quality and health impact, that
necessary technical support is provided to States
and grantees, that the program meets all statutory
responsibilities, and that proper State oversight is
maintained. Support for an Interagency Agreement
with the Army Corps of Engineers will total 17.3
million in 1985. The Corps will manage activities
necessary to ensure that construction is carried out
cost-effectively.
• Increasing Research to Reduce Toxics : The water
quality research program Increases by 2.O million,
for assessments of technologies that will improve
the removal of toxics at municipal and industrial
facilities. Increases will also support additional
work in the compliance area to enhance municipal
facility efficiency and cost-effective operation.
Municipal wastewater research will continue to sup-
port the Innovative and Alternative treatment tech-
nology and sludge management programs.
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Drinking Water
546 561 569 592
(Workyears) %\ \
FY 983 F? 984 FY 1984 FY1985
Ceiling Presidents Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$76 $79
$66
$Qsff titans) \ % J
FY983 rs’984 FY 1984 rf985
Presidents Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
-26-
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DRINKING WATER PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
State and local governments have the primary respon-
sibility for ensuring the safety of drinking water.
Through the Safe Drinking Water Act, Congress has esta-
blished Federal responsibilities for setting national
standards, ensuring their enforcement, protecting under-
ground drinking water sources, and providing scientific
and financial assistance to States and localities.
In particular, the Act authorizes EPA (1) to promul-
gate regulations specifying maximum permissible contamin-
ant levels as well as regulations defining the minimum
requirements for Public Water Systems Supervision and
Underground Injection Control programs; (2) to encourage
and assist States in assuming primary enforcement respon-
sibility for the PWS and UIC programs; (3) to implement
the PWS and UIC programs in States that do not accept
responsibility for primary enforcement and on Indian
Lands; and (4) to provide Federal protection of aquifers
identified as sole or principal sources of drinking
water. The research and development program develops
data to support the implementation of this work.
The President’s 1985 Budget provides 592 workyears
and $79.3 million for the Drinking Water program, an in-
crease of 23 workyears and $0.6 million over 1984. The
major changes in drinking water include the following:
. Increase Emphasis on Revising Drinking Water Standards
and on Protection Against Unregulated Contaminants : Aii
increase of 3 workyears supports the Agency’s effort
to revise the existing National Interim Primary Drink-
ing Water Regulations. The revision strategy includes
completing regulations for volatile organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals, and microbiological contaminants.
We also expect to publish proposed rulemaking on radio—
nuclides and an advance notice of proposed rulemaking
on disinfection practices and by-products.
We will increase our efforts to evaluate the health
effects of unregulated contaminants, which will help
public health officials respond to contaminated drink-
ing water supplies.
-27-
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• Maximize IJIC Delegations and Begin to Im _ plement Fed-
eral Programs : The program has been increased by 15
workyears to support the implementation of Federal
programs in nondelegated States. This effort in-
cludes permit review and issuance, focusing on envir-
onmentally sensitive injection practices. We will
continue to emphasize our efforts to work with States
to delegate primary enforcement responsibility where
EPA presently administers the program.
• Address and Respond to Ground Water Problems : An in-
crease of $1.0 million support an Agency follow—up
study of surface impoundments to determine the poten-
tial risk to ground water they pose, the feasibility
and cost of controlling them, and the effectiveness
of State and Federal programs.
• Support States in Maintaining Federal Programs for
PWS and UIC : We will maintain current grant funding
levels for States which are delegated the PWS and
UIC programs.
• Emphasize Research on Health Studies : Research will
continue to produce the data necessary to support
regulatory development, revisions, and implementation
as well as protection of ground water resources. Fund-
ing is decreased by $0.7 million while workyears
increase by 5. Reductions reflect the completion of
funding for studies on the contaminant Temik in Florida
and cooperative research with the water utility in-
dustry. Workyears increase in monitoring and quality
assurance. In addition, health research increases
by $0.7 million, reflecting the importance of epide-
miology and disinfectant by—product studies in support
of regulatory decisions.
-28-
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Hazardous Waste
1,090
1,015
860 830
(Workyecirs) — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
> 983 > ‘1984 FY 1984 FY 985
Ceiling President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$143
$129
$120
$110
$(Millions) - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
> ?9 83 > 984 FY 1984 Fl 985
Appropriated President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
-30-
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HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The goal of the Hazardous Waste program under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is to re-
duce future risks to public health and the environment
by ensuring environmentally sound management, treatment,
storage, and disposal of hazardous wastes. The Hazardous
Waste program consists of research and regul atory deve-
lopment, program implementation, and enforcement activi-
ties, which constitute a comprehensive approach to this
envi ronrnental objective.
The regulatory development component establishes na-
tional standards to ensure proper handling of hazardous
wastes from generation through disposal. This includes
criteria for determining what constitutes a hazardous
waste, standards for generators and transporters of haz-
ardous wastes, and technical standards for permitting
hazardous waste facilities. In addition, EPA provides
technical and other guidance needed by the States and
the regulated community for proper implementation and
enforcement of the Hazardous Waste program.
EPA and the States implement and enforce the Hazard-
ous Waste program In accordance with the authorization
status of each State. States with interim or full author-
ization may agree to operate parts of the Hazardous Waste
program on EPA’s behalf through a Cooperative Arrangement.
The Hazardous Waste program will request 1,090 work—
years and $143.3 million in 1985 to support RCRA research
and development, regulatory development, program imple-
mentation, and enforcement activities. This represents
an increase of 75 workyears and $14.6 million from 1984.
Highlights of the President’s Budget for 1985 are as
follows:
• The Agency is Increasing its Efforts to Strengthen
the ligulatory Program : The Agency will invest
$34.5 million and 217 workyears for regulatory ef-
forts and for Implementation guidance to the Regions
and States. This represents an increase of $7.3
million and 25 workyears. With this Increase, the
-31-
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Agency will develop regulations to expand and strength-
en the existing program. The Agency will place empha-
sis on banning wastes from land disposal, treatment
alternatives to land disposal, listing new wastes,
and developing regulations for boilers and small
quantity generators.
• EPA Supports Federal/State Partnership in Program
Implementation : The Agency is requesting $18.3 mil-
lion and 452 workyears, an increase of $2.1 million
and 12 workyears from 1984, for the implementation
of the RCRA program, including State authorization
and permit issuance. This request enables the Re-
gions to assist State permit writers during the per-
mit process by providing technical expertise and ad-
vice on initial and/or complex permits. In addition,
EPA will enhance the States’ technical capabilities
lities through training and by providing detailed
guidance in areas such as ground water monitoring,
closure/post-closure plans and cost estimates, and
financial assurance instruments. Increased support
and technical assistance to States will help to
build consistent, high quality State RCRA programs
nati onwi de.
• EPA Maintains its Commitment to Promoting State Haz-
ardous Waste Programs : In 1985, the Agency is re-
questing $47.0 mil1T n for hazardous waste grants to
States. This level remains constant with 1984. By
1985, most of the States will have completed the
development of their applications for full authoriza-
tion and will focus their resources on permitting
and enforcement activities. The States will be re-
sponsible for processing more than 1,300 permit appli-
cations. In addition, the States will use their
enforcement resources to conduct over 12,000 compli-
ance inspections with the emphasis on evaluating the
adequacy of ground water monitoring systems. Grant
monies also support appropriate State enforcement
actions in response to significant violations.
• EPA Strives to Improve RCRA Compliance : In 1985, the
Agency will devote 193 workyears and $8.7 million to
the Regional hazardous waste enforcement program. The
hazardous waste enforcement program has increased more
than 150% over the 1983 level. Achieving compliance
-32-
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with the RCRA regulations is one of the Agency’s
highest priorities. EPA enforcement efforts will
emphasize actions to reduce the number of significant
violations by major hazardous waste handlers, focus-
ing special attention on ground water monitoring, clo-
sure/post-closure, and financial responsibility re-
quirements. In addition, EPA will initiate seleted
enforcement actions in States which are unwilling or
unable to move against violators.
• Research Will Continue to Emphasize the Development
and Implementation of Cost-Effective Regulations : The
Agency is requesting 34.8 million and 228 workyears
for hazardous waste research and development in 1985,
an increase of $2.5 million and 21 workyears. In
1985, major emphasis will be placed on accelerating
the validation of methods and procedures to character-
ize wastes as hazardous as well as on methods to vali-
date in-stack monitoring. In total, there is an in-
crease of $2.3 million and 8 workyears to support
these initiatives. Similarly, within the engineering
program, an additional $1.6 million and 15 workyears
will be used to accelerate the evaluation of altern-
ative treatment technologies to land disposal.
-33-
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Pesticides
784 809
741 737 -
(Workyears) \ %
F’Y 983 > 1984 F? 1984 F? 985
Cei ling President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$63
$(MIIllons) % ! —I
F? 983 F? 984 F y 1984 F? 985
Appropriated President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
-34-
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PESTICIDES PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The goal of EPA’s Pesticides program is to provide
health and environmental protection while permitting a
steady supply of pesticide products. EPA is charged
with this responsibility under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and portions of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The Agency’s
pesticide regulation strategy focuses on four broad
program areas: (1) registration of new products; (2)
review and reregistration of existing products; (3)
enforcement of pesticide use rules; and (4) research
and development to support and improve EPA’s ability to
evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides.
The President’s 1985 budget provides 809 workyears
and $63.3 million for the Pesticides program, an Increase
of 25 workyears and $6.0 million from 1984. Highlights
of the 1985 President’s Budget for the Pesticides pro-
gram are as follows:
a Increases in Three Areas : In 1985, the Agency requests
230 workyears and $16.2 million in the registrations
program, representing increases of 12 workyears and
$6.2 million from 1984. Increased resources will be
used to respond to complexities introduced by recent
court cases, update existing registration standards,
improve information management, and perform studies
enabling the Agency to evaluate the efficacy of pro-
tective clothing.
For the generic chemical review program, the Agency
requests 225 workyears and $18.3 million, represent-
ing an increase of 14 workyears and $1.9 million
(after an internal transfer to the registration pro-
gram)
Increased resources will be used to support one
additional special review of a pesticide identified
as presenting potential unreasonable risk, to review
Incoming studies generated by the Data Call-In program
and by registration standards completed in past years,
and to upgrade related information systems supporting
registration standards.
—35—
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For the research program, the Agency requests 109
workyears and $8.0 million, representing an increase
of 1 workyear and $1.7 million. Increased resources
will be used for the development and validation of
test methods necessary to measure the effect of pes-
ticides on man and the environment, for quality
assurance, and for evaluating the safety of protective
clothing.
• Continuation of Other Programs : The tolerance, special
registration, and enforcement programs remain stable
in 1985. The tolerance program protects the public
health by ensuring that the maximum residue levels
likely to be found in foods are safe for human con-
sumption through a careful review and evaluation of
residue chemi stry and toxi cology data.
The special registration program will continue to
issue permits to allow experimentation with new pro-
ducts or uses and emergency exemptions for uses of
pesticides not previously approved, when benefits
exceed the risk (emphasis will be placed on prevent-
i ng misuse of these special regi strati ons)
The enforcement program will maintain its oversight
of the cooperative grant programs, emphasizing com-
pliance monitoring. Funding for the Pesticide En-
forcement and the Pesticide Certification and Train-
ing rant Programs is identical to 1984.
—36-
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Radiation
(Workyears)
$(Mlllions)
FT 1983
Ceiling
$10
n s a
146
N
FT 1984
President’s
Budget
$ 11
rr1984
President’s
Budget
165
FT 1984
Current
Estimate
r i , 9 1954
Current
Estimate
165
ri’ lass
President’s
Budget
$12
rr r
FT 1985
President’s
Budget
-38-
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RADIATION PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Radiation program’s major emphasis is to mini-
mize the exposure of persons to ionizing radiation,
whether from naturally occurring sources, medical or
industrial applications, or nuclear power sources. While
some exposure to radiation is inevitable, EPA takes the
position that no avoidable risk attributable to such
exposure should occur to individuals or to the environ-
ment without offsetting benefits. EPA pursues this
protective goal through three interdependent sets of
activities: (1) development of criteria, standards, and
guidelines; (2) assessment of the environmental impact
of other Federal agency projects and programs; and (3)
surveillance of radiation levels in the environment.
EPA’s authority to protect the public health and
environment from adverse effects of radiation exposure
is derived from several legislative mandates. These
legislative mandates include the Atomic Energy Act, the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radia-
tion Control Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act,
the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Public Health Service
Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the
Nuclear Waste Policy Act.
The legislative authorities generally prescribe an
environmental assessment, standard setting, and tech-
nology assessment role for EPA. In some cases, enforce-
ment responsibilities are given to other agencies, no-
tably the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In these in-
stances, EPA performs some oversight functions to insure
that established standards and guidance are followed.
In 1985, highest priority has been given to activi-
ties mandated by the Clean Air Act, radioactive waste
management activities, completion of Federal guidance
currently under development, and the review and testing
of State radiological emergency response plans.
The President’s 1985 Budget provides 165 workyears
and $12.1 million for this program, a decrease of $0.2
million and no change in workyears from 1984. Highlights
of the 1985 program are as follows:
-39-
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• Continued Emphasis on Radiation Standards : The
1985 request for radiation standards and guidelines
totals 75 workyears, the same as 1984. The program
will focus on three major areas of regulatory effort:
airborne radionuclides, radioactive waste management,
and Federal Guidance. The decrease of $0.2 million
results from completion of support needed for regula-
tory analyses related primarily to airborne radionuc-
lide activities. fluring 1985, airborne radionuclides
efforts will concentrate on bringing to final action
proposals made in 1984. It is anticipated that radio-
frequency guidance will be published and work will
continue on the generic standards for low-level waste.
• Regional Offices Will Emphasize Technical Assistance
to States : In 19 5, the Regional radiation program
will remain constant at 12 workyears. The program
will emphasize technical assistance to States in the
areas of emergency response planning, and in the
characterization and identification of hazardous ra-
dioactive waste sites. In addition, Regions will
participate in the review of Environmental Impact
Statements. Other areas of special concern to the
regions will be assistance in the implementation
of the uranium mill tailings standards in those
regions affected, and support to States for the manage-
ment of radioactive wastes.
• Support for the Development of Mandated Standards and
Guidelines : The 1985 request for the radiation envi-
ronmental impact assessment program is relatively con-
stant at 56 workyears and $3.7 million. Major activi-
ties of this program will include supporting develop-
ment of standards and guidelines, providing informa-
tion needed to identify and analyze potential radio-
logical health problems, monitoring environmental
radiation, providing laboratory and data analysis,
conducting technology assessments, and participating
in emergency preparedness and response activities.
• Research Will Focus on Health Impact of Microwave and
Radiofreguency Radiation : The 1985 request for the
radiation research and development program totals
$2.1 million and 22 workyears. The request is an
increase of $0.3 million from 1984. The 1985 program
will emphasize providing health effects data in sup-
port of the Federal Radiation Protection Guidance.
-40-
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Research will be initiated to examine the adverse
health effects of radiofrequency and microwave radia-
tion. In addition, the 1985 program includes a radio-
chemical quality assurance program, as well as a reim-
bursable program to provide surveillance activities
at the Department of Energy’s Nevada Test Site for
nuclear tests.
Building and Facilities Will Include $6.9 Million for
a New Radiation Facility in Montgomery, Alabama: TTii
Eastern Envi ronmental Radi ation Facility (EERF) in
Montgomery, Alabama is the primary radiation facility
for EPA. In 1985, $6.9 million is provided to the
Agency to construct a new laboratory facility. The
EERF is a principal Instrument In designing and per-
forming field studies which have enabled the Agency
to meet its court ordered schedule for proposing
radionuclide standards under Section 112 of the Clean
Air Act. The facility also manages the Environmental
Radiation Ambient Monitoring System which is the only
national network for measuring environmental radiation
levels.
-41-
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Interdisc iplinary
504 514
(Workyears) % I
FY1983 FY1984 FY 1984 FY1985
Ceiling President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$46
$(M lliions) IIIIj ___
FY 983 FY1984 F ? 1984 F? 1985
Appropriated President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
-42-
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INTERDI SCIPL INARY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Interdisciplinary program consists of several di-
verse programs that adopt interdisciplinary approaches to
environmental problems. They Include the Agency’s Inter-
media Research Programs; National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA) Compliance; Federal Agencies Compliance; En-
forcement Policy and Operations: and Technical Support for
the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.
The President’s 1985 Budget provides 514 workyears and
$48.9 million for Interdisciplinary programs, an increase
of 42 workyears and $2.9 million. Highlights of the 1985
President’s Budget for the Interdisciplinary program are
as follows:
• The Intermedia Research Program Will Strengthen the
Quality of the Agency’s Scientific Data : Intermedia Re-
search programs are funded at 68 workyears and $20.4
million in 1985. Excluding the transfer of the economic
benefits program, this represents an Increase of 4 work-
years and $1.4 million encompassing research activities
in scientific assessments, quality assurance, and explor-
atory research. The Increase In the scientific assess-
ment program will be used to develop guidelines needed
to ensure consistency in the conduct of Agency risk
assessments. Increases In the quality assurance program
will strengthen the management of this program to ensure
that the Agency produces statistically and scientifically
valid data of known quality to support its actions and
decisions. Finally, the Visiting Scientists component
of the exploratory research program will be increased
to bring additional, distinguished senior scientists
into our research laboratories to assist the Agency
In strengthening its science policy.
• We are Expanding the Scope of EPA Liaison With Other
Federal Agencies : The request contains $11.5 million
and 125 workyears to (1) ensure that actions under-
taken by Federal agencies and their facil Itles comply
with environmental laws and statutes, and (2) conduct
environmental assessments of Federally funded munici-
pal wastewater treatment projects and of permits is ’
sued to new sources under the National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System (NPDES) in states where the
-43-
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NPDES program is Federally managed. In 1985, 5
additional workyears are provided to assist Regions
in fostering closer ties with Federal installations
within their jurisdictions and in helping Federal
agencies understand and comply with pollution con-
trol requirements. These programs will also focus
on developing a cooperating agency role by providing
technical advice and assistance to other Federal
agencies on the conduct of required environmental
assessments, particularly on preparation of their
environmental impact statements.
• We are Improving Our Compliance Monitoring Effort:
The request contains $17.0 million and 321 work —
years for the newly formed Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring. This request Includes
13 addItional workyears in the Regions to provide
increased legal support for the Agency’s projected
litigation caseload, particularly in RCRA. In addi-
tion, the request supports the Increase for more
central Agency leadership for development of national
enforcement policies and compliance monitoring stra-
tegies designed to promote and track compliance by
the regulated community.
The keystone of the national enforcement policy will
be to achieve a credible enforcement presence by
targeting and carrying through on those compliance
and enforcement actions that will most clearly result
in significant benefits to human health and the envi-
ronment. The compliance monitoring strategies will
ensure that Federal and State enforcement authorities
collect and review source compliance data to develop
an understanding of compliance patterns in the regu-
lated community, identify potential violations, col-
lect evidence necessary to support enforcement ac-
tions, and help to establish a credible enforce-
ment presence.
-44-
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Toxic Substances
(Workyecars)
$OA IIIlons)
713
P 1
683
716
P 1
800
r Y 1 983 r , ’ 1984 F? 1984 rri’ass
Ceiling President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$68 $67 $69
‘
h
1
Pa
I
rv19e3 F ’f19$4
Appropriated President’s
Budget
FY1’984
Current
Estimate
rfl’985
President’s
Budget
$80
--46-
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Enactment of the Toxic Substances Control Act (ISCA)
of 1976 established within EPA the responsibility to
protect human health and the environment by requiring
testing and when necessary use restrictions on chemical
substances. This mandate under TSCA establishes Agency
jurisdiction over some 60,000 chemicals currently in
commerce while also requiring review of all new chem-
icals before entry into the marketplace.
The President’s 1985 Budget provides 800 workyears
and $79.6 million to the Toxic Substances program, in-
creases of 84 workyears and $10.8 million. Highlights
of the 1985 President’s Budget for the Toxic Substances
program are as follows:
• Increases for Risk Management of Existing Chemicals :
Recognizing the need to balance the new and existing
chemical programs, the 1985 President’s Budget in-
creases the Existing Chemical Review program by 22
workyearS and $3.0 million. The increase will permit
the Agency to undertake risk management actions on
eight chemicals, including asbestos and polychiori—
nated biphenyls (PCRs), currently in one of several
stages of regulatory development. In addition to
these regulatory actions, the increase will allow
the Agency to keep pace with data submissions from
the Section 4 test program and studies submitted by
the National Toxicological Program.
• Major Enforcement Increase : The President’s 1985 Bud-
get increases by 41 workyears and $2.3 million (48
percent) for Regional toxic substances enforcement.
This increase will support additional inspections and
case development for the PCB and asbestos-in—schools
rules. Extramural funding will be used to double in-
spections for compliance with the asbestos—in-schools
rule. The program of state cooperative enforcement
grants will he maintained at 1984 resource levels.
• Agency Focus on Biotechnology : Resources for the
New Chemical Review program are increasing by 9 work-
years and $1.5 million, partly to enable the Agency
to Initiate a program for coverage of commercial uses
of genetically engineered materials. Currently, no
other Federal statute covers these materials.
-47-
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Resources increase by 7 workyears and $1.9 million for
chemical testing to support efforts to finalize testing
actions proposed in previous years. In addition, re-
sources will allow expansion of the test data audit
program to keep pace with increases in test studies
now underway.
Research and Development Will Emphasize Development of
Methods to Measure Human Exposure from Chemicals: In an
effort to further understand and more accurately estimate
the risks posed from exposure to new and existing chem-
icals, EPA ’s toxic substances research program increases
by 4 workyears and $2.7 million in 1985. Particular
emphasis will he placed on developing exposure monitor-
ing methods and quality assurance to assure data of
known quality.
Similarly, research will begin to assess areas where
epidemiology data can be applied to measure health
effects from chemical exposure, and new research pro-
grams will develop methods to evaluate the risks as-
sociated with bioengineered organisms.
S
-48-
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Energy
(Woricysars)
$Q4 lH lons)
I
I
U
h
73
FY 1 983
Ceiling
fl’ 1984
President’s
Budget
FY i984
Current
Esilmat.
FY1985
President’s
Budget
$31
n 9 e 3 F ’Y 984
APProPriated PresidenVs
FY 1984
Current
Budget
Estimate
F.
President’s
Budget
-50 -
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ENERGY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
EPA’s Energy research and development program is de-
signed to ensure that the Nation’s energy production
and utilization practices proceed in an environmentally
acceptable manner. To satisfy this objective, EPA’s
research and development activities focus on three dis-
tinct areas. These are: (1) developing the scientific
data necessary to understand the phenomena of acid depo-
sition; (2) developing the necessary health and environ-
mental data base associated with new or emerging energy
processes; and (3) developing the performance, reliabil-
ity and cost data on the Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) pollution control process necessary to
catalyze the devel opment of this technology.
Overall, the president’s 1985 Budget provides for
$48.5 million and 73 workyears for energy research, a
significant increase of $18.1 million and 7 workyears
over 1984. This increase reflects a major Agency priority,
Acid Rain.
1985 Acid Rain Program
Many questions still remain unanswered about the
causes, effects, and methods of mitigating or controlling
acid rain. In 1985, EPA’s basic research program will
he expanded in order to: develop the necessary data to
fully understand the sources and characteristics of
acid rain: to define the extent of damage caused by
acid rain; and most importantly, to determine the need
for mitigating measures. EPA’s research in this area
will increase to $34.4 million, an increase from 1984
of $19.0 million, or 124 percent. Throughout the Federal
Government, acid rain research will double in 1985 to
$55.5 million compared to $27.6 million in 1984.
Highlights of the 1985 Acid Rain program are as
follows:
• Development of a Comprehensive Field Study : In 1985,
PA will design an atmospheric field study to empiri-
cally examine the movement and transformation of acid
deposition pollutants from sources to receptors.
-51—
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• Evaluation of Monitoring Techniques : In 1985, our ef-
forts to establis measuriiiiint techniques for acid
deposition will he significantly increased.
• Establishment and Testing of a Long-Term Monitoring
System : Intensive ecological monitoring to give ad-
vance warning of the onset of acidification effects
will begin in 1985.
• National Surveys : In 1985, EPA will complete Phase I
of a survey on the current acidic status of lake
chemistry throughout the United States; initiate Phase
II of the survey --- a study of streams; and, initiate
a national survey to define the status of damage to
forests.
• Formation of Acid Rain : Research will be accelerated
to understand what substances in the atmosphere deter-
mine the rate of formation of acids as well as to in-
vestigate the complex chemical and physical changes
that occur.
1984 AcId Rain Supplemental
In addition to the 1985 acid rain increase, EPA has
requested supplemental resources in 1984 of $5.5 million.
Research in 1984 will accelerate the study of acid rain
through implementation of a National Lake Survey. The
survey will provide summary data on a statistically
balanced group of water bodies in the U.S. Approximately
3,000 lakes will be analyzed to establish broad baseline
data on the status of current lake chemistry throughout
the United States.
LIMB Control Technology
EPA’s Energy research program will also continue the
evaluation of the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB) process. This process is an effective and in-
expensive emission reduction technology which combines
sulfur oxide (SO ) control with simultaneous nitrogen
oxide (NOx) control from coal-fired boiler emissions.
Resources for this program will decrease slightly by
$0.2millionto $10.Omillion.
-52—
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n f u e 1 S
In addition, EPA t s Energy research program will also
continue synfuels research to produce new or upgraded
health and environmental risk analyses for oil shale and
coal-based processes. Research will also continue to
characterize emissions and effluents from synfuel facili-
ties; to evaluate control technology performance, reli-
ability and cost of oil shale and coal—based processes;
and to provide technical support to the Regions and States
as they review EIS and permit applications. In 1985, we
have proposed $4.1 million for these efforts, a decrease
of $0.3 million from 1984.
—53-
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Management & Support
2,897 2,627 2,789 2,820
(Workysars) J
F 11983 F? 984 F ? 1984 F? 985
Ceiling President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
$288
$240 $235 $251
$QAIIIIons) \ %
rf1983 rY1984 rri9 B4 FY1985
Appropriated President’s Current President’s
Budget Estimate Budget
-54- .
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Management and Support program provides execu-
tive direction for all EPA programs, as well as manage-
ment activities and administrative and support Services
not attributable to one specific area.
• Program Management includes national policy and pro-
gram direction and executive management for the
Agency’s Assistant Administrators.
• Agency Management includes overall policy develop-
ment and direction, executive management of the Agency,
legal services, and audit and investigative functions.
It also includes Agency outreach programs for dealing
with non—EPA groups. It contains policy analysis,
program planning, program evaluation, resource and
financial management, direction of the Agency’s regu-
latory process, and those centralized functions nec-
essary for Agency operations such as personnel admin-
istration, contracts and grants management, informa-
tion systems management, and other administrative ser-
vices. Regional management contains similar activi-
ties performed in the Regions.
• Support Services encompasses the costs of common
office and laboratory services, utilities, build-
ing operations and maintenance, communications,
rent, and centralized automated data processing
services.
• Buildings and Facilities contains resources for re-
pairs and Improvements to existing facilities, as
well as construction of new facilities where appro—
pri ate.
EPA will continue efforts to reduce duplicative
functions, provide consistent Agency legal activities,
promote technically and economically defensible regu-
latory and policy alternatives, ensure strong and coher-
ent internal management control and fiscal integrity,
and enhance the defining of results-oriented environ—
mental efforts. We are also improving Agency credi-
bility through better relations with the public, Con-
gress, and State and local governments.
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The President’s 1985 budget requests 2,820 workyears
and $287.8 million for Management and Support, an increase
of 31 workyears and $37.0 million. This increase primarily
reflects the costs required to support the Agency at an
increased workforce level.
Highlights of the 1985 President’s Budget for Manage-
ment and Support are as follows:
Policy, Planning, and Evaluation:
• Continued Improvement in Economic Cost and Bene-
fit Analysis : The budget provides 2 workyears and
$10.5 million to support the Agency’s policy analysis
efforts. An increase of $2.1 million in this area
results from shifting extramural resources for eco-
nomic research from the Office of Research and Deve-
lopment to the Office of Policy Analysis (OPA). These
funds, which are used for cooperative agreements sup-
porting a network of “centers of excellence’ 1 , will be
focused on developing water—related benefit methods,
national benefit estimates, ozone related benefits,
and exposure estimation. Additionally, OPA will com-
plete the “Cost of Clean Air and Water” report, com-
plete studies of the macroeconomic impact of EPA re-
gulations, initiate two industry-specific economic
cost studies, and generally incorporate benefit analy-
sis into construction grants and regulatory decisions.
General and Regional Counsel:
• Consistent Legal Policy : The budget includes 208
workyears and $9.8 million for 1985. This is an
increase of $.4 million and no change in workyears
over 1984. This program will continue to assure
legal consistency in policies and decision—making
throughout the Agency. Emphasis is placed on making
these legal resources responsive to the needs of
both the Agency and Regional managers. This program
provides legal advice and assistance, Interprets
statutes and regulations, and handles, with the De-
partment of Justice, all litigation filed against
the Agency.
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External Affairs:
• Better Relations With Congress, the Public, State and
Local Governments, and Other Federal Agencies : The
budget provides 132 workyears and $6.5 million for the
Office of External Affairs, newly created in 1984.
This is an increase of $0.4 million. This office
consolidates five Agency outreach functions under
the leadership of an Assistant Administrator. Those
functions are: Legislative Analysis, Congressional
Liaison, Public Affairs, Intergovernmental Liaison,
and Federal Activities. Through this new office,
the Administrator seeks to: (1) increase public faith
and credibility in the Agency and its mission; (2)
improve Agency effectiveness in dealing with Congress;
(3) establish improved and more effective outreach
programs with State and local governments and with
public interest organizations; (4) encourage broader
citizen participation in the Agency’s decision—
making processes; and, (5) coordinate and strengthen
contacts with other Federal agencies.
Office of Inspector General:
• Establishment of Fraud Prevention Program : 216 work—
years and $14.7 million are provided tn the budget to
support the Office of Inspector General. This is an
Increase of $.9 million and 10 workyears. The increase
enables the Inspector General to establish a fraud
prevention program as well as enhancing existing audit
and investigative efforts within the office. In addi-
tion to continuing to reduce the backlog of construc-
tion grants final audits, the Inspector General will
emphasize Internal and management audits of Agency
programs.
Administration and Resources Management:
• Improve Fiscal Integrity and Integrate Major Admini-
strative Systems : The Office of Administration and
Resources Management, Including Regional resources,
contains 1,357 workyears and $52.0 million. This Is
an increase of 24 workyears and $5.6 million. The
Agency will emphasize Improving fiscal Integrity at
Headquarters and in the Regions by strengthening
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our finance, grants, and contracts operations im-
proving our automated services in conjunction with
the need to operate a new in—house payroll operatlon
and Integrating the major administrative systems.
Support Costs:
• Modernization of Computers arid Growth in Telecom-
munications, Rent, and Utility Costs: The budget
contains $138.1 million for support services, an
increase of $16.7 million over 1984. Increases are
required for the National Computer Center to complete
the modernization of EPA’s mainframe computers,
telecommunications network, and interactive software
required to make central data bases accessible
and useful to national, Regional , and State pro-
gram managers. We believe that with centralized
budgeting and management we will improve our service
capacity and modernize our computer facilities more
efficiently. The Agency also expects local tele-
communications and utilities costs to grow consider-
ably. Additional space requirements accompanying the
growing Agency also contribute to the increase.
Buildings and Facilities:
• Address Backlo of Maintenance and Re air Projects
an a ew a at on a oratory : e U get conta ns
lO.5 million, which Includes $3.6 ru 0fl f0r repairs
and improvements, an Increase of $1 million over
1984, to begin completion of deferred maintenance and
repair projects. The balance of $6.9 million is for
the construction of a new radiation laboratory in
Montgomery, Alabama.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
59-
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Research & Development
(Workyecrs)
$(MIIIIons)
1,663
F? 1983
Ceiling
$226
F? 1983
Appropriated
1,628
rr i u
President’s
Budget
$206
F?
President’s
Budget
1,786
ri’ 1 9u
current
Estimate
$2A5
F? 1984
current
Estimate
1,851
F? 1985
President’s
Budget
$278
Fr
Prssldent’s
Budget
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY
The success of EPA’s programs is very much related
to the development of accurate and reliable scientific
and technical information. Although much knowledge has
been accumul ated over the past several years, nume r-
ous environmental problems still remain to be resolved,
particularly those related to hazardous and toxic chem-
icals. To help resolve these problems and protect the
public health and environment effectively, EPA’s 1985
research program will be significantly strengthened to
emphasize four areas. These are:
- accelerate research to understand the causes and
effects of acid rain;
— understand the risks posed by hazardous and toxic
chemicals;
- enhance our research to assess technologies which
control pollutants: and
- improve the scientific basis for estimating the
human health consequences of environmental pollu-
t ants.
1985 Research Resources
The 1985 President’s Budget for EPA s Research and
Development program amounts to $278.0 million and 1,851
workyears. These resources represent increases of
$33.3 million and 65 workyears from 1984, or increases
of 14 and 4 percent, respectively. Similarly, extra-
mural resources, or those associated with the research
and development appropriation, will increase by $24.2
million, or 17 percent to $l63.4million.
Understanding the Causes and Effects of Acid Rain
Will Receive SignifTcant Emphasis . Acid rain is one of
today’s most important and controversial environmental
problems, with regional, national and international im-
plications. Expanded research will provide accurate and
reliable scientific information upon which mitigation
decisions can be based. Strong scientific evidence is
particularly critical in view of the major economic im-
plications associated with various mitigation strate-
gies.
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In 1985, EPA’s acid rain research will be funded at
a level of $34.4 million, an increase of $19.0 million
or 124 percent over 1984. In addition, we are request-
ing $5.5 million in a 1984 supplemental appropriation
to accelerate our research into this phenomenon. Total
government spending for acid rain will increase by 100
percent to $55.5 million compared to $27.6 million in
1984.
In 1985, particular emphasis will be placed on
completing a nationwide survey of lake chemistry and
initiating a national survey of forests. The goal of
these surveys is to establish baseline information on
the current status of the Nation’s aquatic and terres-
trial resources and to determine the degree of sensitiv-
ity that these resources have to the acid deposition
phenomenon.
Significant Emphasis Will Be Placed on Understand-
ing and Controlling Hazardous and Toxic Chemicals. It
has become increasingly clear that the control and man-
agement of toxic and hazardous chemicals represents the
most serious health and environmental problem confront-
ing this country today. These chemicals are pervasive
and encompass our air, surface and ground waters, land,
food, consumer products and workplace. While much know-
ledge has been gained through past research about the
risks posed by these chemicals, as well as methods and
technologies to control and manage them, substantial
research is still required over several years to under-
stand the myriad of outstanding problems and issues that
remain unresolved.
In 1985, over $104 million is requested to support
research in hazardous and toxic chemicals, an increase
of $12.5 million or 14 percent over 1984. Additional
resources are required in every relevant program, with
significant increases occurring in Superfund, hazardous
air pollutants, water quality, hazardous waste, and
toxi cs substances.
Engineerifl Research to Support Current and Future
Regu 1atory Activities Will Be Enhanced. Over the past
several years conventional air and water pollutant levels
have been reduced significantly. Despite these signifi-
cant accomplishments, more demanding and complex envir-
onmental problems still exist that, require control tech-
nology solutions. Specific areas include managing the
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disposal of hazardous wastes, cleaning up uncontrolled
waste sites, determining the release rates of new chem-
icals entering the marketplace, evaluating solutions to
the problems of acid rain and hazardous air pollutants,
and evaluating methods to properly operate and maintain
municipal wastewater treatment plants.
In 1985, the engineering program will increase by
$5.4 million to $58.5 million with greater emphasis
placed on developing the necessary technical information
to manage and control the problems cited above.
Strengthening Human Health and Risk Assessment Re-
search. In spite of the scientific advances and the
widespread use of risk assessments in regulatory deci-
sion-making, our ability to develop accurate risk as-
sessments is still hampered by uncertainty. As a re-
sult, health and risk assessment research increases by
$4.4 million in 1985 to $65.5 million to Improve the
scientific basis for estimating the human health con-
sequences of environmental pollution. Increases In epi-
demiology and extrapolation models will strengthen our
estimates of human risk. Our new integrated cancer as-
sessment program will generate data on the relationship
of air pollution to cancer. We will also be developing
guidelines and methodologies to ensure that the Agency
carries out health and exposure evaluations In a uniform
and scientifically credible fashion in 1985.
Our Increases in Research are Widespread, Reflecting
the Importance Attached to Implementing Effective Regu-
latory Programs. In practically every medium, the re-
search program is increased to reflect the importance
of our scientific and technical activities.
-63-
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Resources are distributed
by medium
as follows:
1985 Research Budget
Research Program
Ai r
Water
T)rinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radi ation
Interdi sd plinary
ToxiCs Substances
Energy/Acid Rain
Ma nagement
Superfund
$(M)
$65.2
26.8
23.1
34.8
8.0
2.1
20.4
27.1
48.5
9.3
12.7
$278
Change from 1984
+2.0
— .7
+2.5
+1.7
4.3
- •9*
+2.7
+18.1
4.7
+3.9
+$33.3 —
*Reflects transfer of $1.8 million
research to the Office of Policy,
tion.
in economic benefits
Planning and Evalua-
The major increases are as follows:
• Air Research : Air research will be Increased by$3.0
million and will emphasize accelerating the prepara-
tion of comprehensive health and risk assessments
on potential hazardous air pollutants; initiating
a long—term research program to assess the relation-
ship between air pollution and the incidence of cancer
in the United States; conducting additional studies
of emission reduction technologies for volatile or-
ganic compounds; and expanding epidemiology studies
to improve pollutant population exposure informa-
tion.
• Water Research : Water research will increase by $2.0
million and will focus on research to improve compli-
ance for municipal wastewater treatment plants, toxics
treatabilitY methods, integrated water quality plan-
ning procedures and NPDES permitting operations.
-64-
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In addition, water quality research will continue
to support our water quality standards and regula-
tions, monitor pollutant effects on Great Lakes eco-
systems, and complete a portion of our ocean dumping
protocols.
• Drinking Water : Drinking water research is reduced
by $.7 million, reflecting the completion of funding
for monitoring and environmental research on the
pesticide Temik, and cooperative research with the
water utility industry. Research activities will
focus on the development of health, quality assurance
and environmental sciences data to support revisions
to the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions. Also,technical support to States and local
communities, and the development of necessary scien-
tific information to protect our groundwater resources
will be provided.
Health effects research increases by $.7 million,
reflecting the importance of epidemiology and disin-
fectant byproduct studies in support of regulatory
decisions.
• Hazardous Waste : Research activities in this program
will continue to develop the necessary scientific and
technical data to strengthen our existing regulations,
as well as to support the promulgation of new regula-
tions where appropriate. In 1985 the hazardous waste
research program will increase by $2.5 million and em-
phasize the validation of our waste characterization
procedures to support listing decisions and evalu-
ations of alternative treatment technologies to land
disposal
• Pesticides : The Increase of $1.7 million in this area
will be used for the development and evaluation of
test methods necessary to measure the health and en-
vironmental effects of pesticides, quality assurance,
and research to evaluate the safety of protective
clothing used by pesticides applicators.
—65-
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• Radiation : The radiation research program will in-
crease by .3 million and focus on the development of
health effects information in support of the Federal
Radiation Protection Guidance. In addition, quality
assurance research will provide support to Federal,
State and local radiation laboratories.
• Interdisciplinary : The increase of $1.4 million in
the interniedia programs will strengthen the quality
of the Agency’s scientific data. The scientific as-
sessment program will develop guidelines needed to
ensure consistency in the conduct of Agency risk
assessments. An enhanced quality assurance manage-
ment program will ensure the scientific validity of
data used in Agency decision making. Finally, the
visiting scientists program will assist the Agency
in strengthening its science policy.
• Toxics Substances : The toxics substances research pro-
gram will concentrate on further understanding and
more accurately estimating the risks posed by exposure
to new and existing chemicals. The increase of $2.7
million will be used to develop measurement methods
for organic chemicals, provide quality assurance in
support of polychiorinated biphenyl (PCB) regulations
and develop exposure monitoring systems. Similarly,
an increase is provided to develop methodologies for
evaluating the risks associated with genetically en—
gi neered organisms.
• Energy/Acid Rain : The 1985 energy research program will
be increased by $1R.1 million to meet the increasing
demands for reliable information upon which mitigation
decisions may he made for acid rain. Research will be
expanded in several areas to examine the physical and
chemical mechanisms governing the acid rain phenome-
non.
In addition, resources are requested to support the
continued development of the Limestone Injection Mul-
tistage Burner (LIMB), as well as the development of
health effects and engineering data to support permit-
ting and enforcement activities for synthetic fuel
plants.
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• Superfund : Superfund research and development activi-
ties will increase by $3.9 million, commensurate with
an expanding program. The increase in engineering
will allow the evaluation of additional technologies
and techniques to cleanup uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites.
Similarly, monitoring and quality assurance activities
will increase to support site and situation assessments
as well as enforcement actions and settlement agree-
ment S
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STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
-69-
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STATE GRANTS REMAIN RELA11VELY STABLE
(STATE GRANTS IN MIWONS)
$332
$255
svo $m
$200
$176
$123
$242 $238
$60
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
The President’s 1985 Budget allocates $237.7 million
to support State and local environmental programs. All
grants directly supporting State operations remain at
their 1984 levels.
Recognizing the critical nature of its various grant
programs and the importance they play in maintaining en-
vironmental quality in the States, EPA has proposed to
maintain overall funding in 1985 at virtually the same
level as 1984.
• State-Federal Partnership : States continue to be
the primary implementors of environmental programs,
and EPA will provide adequate funding for them. The
President’s Budget fully recognizesthe need to main-
tain and, where appropriate, improve the partnership
that has developed over the years. The funding level
proposed for 1985 recognizes the critical support
States provide In meeting our National environmental
goals.
• Direct Implementation : As the States’ ability to
carry out the basic management activities necessary
for effective operation of programs has improved,
the focus of EPA’s grant resources has appropriately
shifted to direct implementation activities, most
notably permit issuance and enforcement. In the
Agency’s largest grant programs (Air, Water, and
Hazardous Waste , almost 60 percent of the funds
proposed for 1985 will be directed to these two ac-
tivities. This emphasis is fully consistent with
the States’ wishes to focus limited funds on the
most pressing problems facing them.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
STATE AND LOCAL GRANT PROGRAMS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
1985
1983 1984 PRESIDENT’S 1985—1984
OPERATING PLAN CURRENT ESTIMATE BUDGET DIFFERENCE
AIR
IECTION 105................. 85,050.3 $87,734.7 $87,734.7
WATER QUALITY
SECTION 106............... . 54,200.0 54,200.0 54,200.0
CLEAN LAKES................. 3,000.0 5,000.0 2,500.0 -$2,500.0
DRINKING WATER
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS
PROGRAM GRANTS.............. 27,450.0 27,450.0 27,450.0
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM ............ 7,074.5 7,500.2 7,500.2
SPECIAL STUDIES & DEMOS..... 1,900.0 1,900.0 —1,900.0
HAZARDOUS WASTE
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT.. 44,068.0 47,000.0 47,000.0
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES ENF. GRANTS...... 8,717.9 8,703.4 8,703.4
PESTICIDES CERT. TRAINING... 2,000.0 2,100.0 2,100.0
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXICS ENF. GRANTS.......... 500.0 500.0
$233,460.7 $242,088.3 $237,688.3 - 4,400.0
—72—
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CONSTRUCTION GRANI’S
-------
WE CON11NUE OUR COMMITMENT TO CONSTRUC11ON GRANTS
BUDGET AU1HORflY
$(R*JJONS)
$2.40 $2.43 $2.43 $2.40
FY1982 FY1983 FY1984 FY1985
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS SUMMARY
The purpose of EPA ’s Construction Grants program is
to assist the States and local governments in reducing
the discharge of municipal wastewater pollutants through
the financing of wastewater treatment facilities. Grants
are authorized at $2.4 billion per year through 1985 and
are made available to municipalities from allotments of
funds to the States, as provided in the Clean Water Act.
Five basic themes continue to define the Construction
Grants program at this stage of its implementation:
• Progress Through Legislative Reform : In 1981, Congress
enacted a series of major program reforms proposed by
the Administration. These amendments provide for a
more cost—effective program and reduce the long term
requirements for Federal assistance. Simplified pro-
gram requirements are reflected in changes to the re-
gulations for State delegations, secondary treatment,
and applications for grant funding.
The most recent Needs Survey, completed in 1982, con-
tinues to focus on the cost of completing the Federal
share of the program. The upcoming 1984 Needs Survey,
in addition to maintaining the focus on needs and the
costs of meeting them, will for the first time provide
specific indicators of the actual costs in meeting
remaining needs as related to water quality and use
improvements.
• Protecting the Federal Investment : In order to make
the most effective use of limited Federal funds, the
Agency will continue to emphasize the need for cost-
effective treatment works that meet their permit
requirements. Beginning on October 1, 1984, the
local share of project costs will increase from 25
percent to 45 percent. For projects greater than
1O million, granteeS must provide value engineering
reviews to identify unnecessarily high costs. In
addition, emphasis will continue to be placed on
requiring granteeS to demonstrate that they have
revenue systems in place adequate to operate, main-
tain, and replace treatment works without relying
—75—
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on additional Federal dollars. Engineering firms will
also be required to oversee a project’s first year
of operation to help ensure that it meets design and
permit specifications.
• Maintaini j Stable Funding : The Agency is requesting
a total of $2.4 billion in 1985. These funds will
allow EPA to award a total of 650 grants, resulting
in 4,711 active projects at the end of the year.
Emphasis on expeditiously completing and closing out
projects will be maintained, with a total of 1,060
completions and 927 closeouts expected during the
course of the year.
The Agency is requesting a total of $17.3 million
in 1985 to fund approximately 410 workyears under the
nati onal interagency agreement with the Army Corps of
Engineers. This represents an increase of $1.3 million
from 1983. The Corps will continue to assist EPA and
the States in reducing the number of backlogged proj-
ects in need of completion and final closeout, con-
ducting interim and final inspections on projects,
maintaining on—site presence at large, complex proj-
ects, and assisting the Agency in combating waste,
fraud, and abuse in the program.
• Constructing Effective Advanced Treatment Plants:
Detailed reviews of proposed advanced treatment proj-
ects have helped to ensure that these projects are
cost-effective and contribute to improvements in water
quality. In line with Congressional intent, the Ad-
ministrator has reviewed funding decisions on advanced
treatment projects with incremental costs in excess
of $3 million, saving a total of approximately $834
million through 1983. Regions and delegated States
approve projects with incremental costs under $3
million. EPA proposes that, with Congressional con-
sent, in 1985 Headquarters will delegate to qualified
Regions and States the review of all proposed Advanced
Treatment projects with Headquarters providing con-
tinuing oversight, technical assistance, and guidance
and reviewing projects in nondelegated States and
Regions.
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Also, in an effort to ensure selection of appropriate,
cost-effective treatment processes, increased empha-
sis will be placed in 1985 on disseminating information
to States, grantees, and engineers on effective and
ineffective advanced, secondary, innovative, alterna-
tive, and treatment technologies.
• Looking to the Future : Because the current authoriza-
tion for the program expires at the end of 1985, the
Agency has recently initiated a major study of various
alternatives for Federal and non-Federal financing and
assistance in constructing needed municipal wastewater
facilities. Study goals include promoting compliance
with the enforceable requirements of the Clean Water
Act as well as the long-term sufficiency of local
governments to build, operate, maintain, and replace
treatment works. A full range of funding and manage-
ment options will be considered. The study will
involve representatives from EPA, the States, and
various interest groups, is expected to be completed
in the fall of 1984, and may lead to legislative
recommendations.
—77—
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APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES
- 79-
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION NENCY
SUMMARY OF RESO( CES
BY MEDIA
(WORKYEARS)
1983 1984 1985 1985 - 1 84
CEILING CURRENT ESTIMATE PRESIDENT’S BUDGET DIFFERE 1CE
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TO L
MEDIA WORKYEARS WORKYEARS WORKYEARS WORKYEARS
AIR 1,666.5 1,696.1 1,758.0 61.9
WATER DUALITY 2,212.4 2,207.2 2,259.4 52.2
r)RU*ING WATER 545,9 568.5 591.5
HAZARDOUS WASTE 860.0 1,015.1 1,090.2 75 . 1
PESTICIDES 740.7 783.7 808.7 +25.0
RADIATION 173.0 164.6 164.6 0.0
INTERDISCIPLINARY 503.6 472.7 514.3 +41.6
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 713.4 716.0 799.5 +83.5
ENERGY 66.2 65.9 72.6 +6.7
MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT 2,697.1 2,788.9 2,819.9 +31.0
REIMBURSEMENTS 70.5 62.0 62.0 0.0
SUBTOTAL 10,249.3 10,540.7 10,940.7 +400.0
HAZARDOUS 9.JBSTANCE 775.7 1,007.1 1,357.1 +350.0
RESPONSE TRUST FUND _________ _________ _________ _______
GRAND TOTAL 11,025.0 11,547.8 12,297.8 +750.0
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
1984 1985
1983 CURRENT PRESIDENT’S 1985-1984
APPROPRIATED ESTIMATE BUDGET DIFFERENCE
MEDIA S __________ __________ _________
AIR $214,533.7 $224,768.8 $228,768.2 5+3,999.4
WATER DUALITY 206,048.0 216,156.9 217,710.8 +1,553.9
DRINKING WATER 75,540.9 78,113.6 79,274.5 +560.9
HAZARDOUS WASTE 120,148.3 128,657.0 143,267.9 +14,610.9
PESTICIDES 53,693.8 57,296.8 63,258.2 +5,961.4
RADIATION 10,278.8 12,320.4 12,090.6 -229.8
INTERDISCIPLINARY 34,710.0 46,069.1 48,952.8 +2,883,7
TOXIC SIJBSTANCES 68,403.8 68,849.5 79,642.1 +10,792,6
ENERGY 25,209.9 30,449.8 48,503.5 +18,053.7
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT 240,121.0 250,818.1 281,785.4 +36,967.3
SUBTOTAL $1,048,688.2 $1,114,100.0 $1,209,254.0 5+95,154.0
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE 210,000.0 410,000.0 640,000.0 +230,000.0
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
PAYMENT TO HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE TRUST FUND (40,000.0) (44,000.0) (44,000.0) (0.0)
SUBTOTAL $1,258,688.2 $1,524,100.0 $1,849,254.0 5+325,154.0
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS $2,430,000.0 $2,430,000.0 $2,400,000.0 s-3D ,ooo .0
GRAND TOTAL $3,688,688.2 53,954,100.0 $4,249,254.0 5+295,154.0
MOTE: EPA has requested two supplementals for 1984: 50 workyears and $50 million
for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund, and $5.5 million for Acid
Rain research,
The transfer of $3.5 million for pay raise costs, in the 1984 Current Estimate,
from the Research and Development Appropriation to the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation, is not reflected in the above figures.
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EWIRONMENTAL ROTECTtON AGENCY
SU 1NARY OF RESOURCES
BY APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
1984 1985
1983 CURRENT PRESIDENT’S 1985 - 1984
APPROPRIATED ESTIMATE RIIOGET DIFFERENCE
APPROPRIATION ____________ ____________ ___________ —
SALARIES AND EXPENSES $555,613.2 $57S,400.O $639,275.0 +$60,875.O
ABATEMENT, CONTROL &
COMPLIANCE 369,075.0 393,900.0 396,042.0 +2,142.0
RESEARCH 6 DEVELOPMENT 121,000.0 139,200.0 163,437.0 +24,237.0
BUILDINGS & FACILITIES 3,000.0 2,600.0 10,500.0 +7,900.0
SUBTOTAL $1,048,688.2 $1,114,100.0 $1,209,254.0 +$95,154.O
HAZAROOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND 210,000.0 410,000.0 640,000.0 +230,000.0
PAYMENT TO HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
TRUST FUND ( 40,000.0) ( 44,000.0) ( 44,000.0) C-—- )
SUBTOTAL $1,258,688.2 $1 ,524,100.0 $1 ,849,254.0 +$325,154.0
CONSTRIJCTION ANTS $2,430,000.0 $2,430,000.0 $2,400,000.0 - $30,000.0
GRAND TOTAL $3,688,688.2 $3,954,100.0 $4,249,254.0 +$295,154.0
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