MATHTECH
The Technical Research
and Consulting Division of
Mathematica, Inc.
JUflflUflx AND NET BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF
ALTEBNATIVB NATIONAL AMBIENT AH QUALITY
STANDARDS FOR PARTICSJLATE MATTER
VOLUME V
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BENEFIT AND NET BENEFIT ANALYSIS Of
ALXBKNaTIVB NATIONAL AMBIENT Alft QOALITT
Prepared for:
Benefits Analytic Program
Boononie Analysis Branch
Strategics and Air Standards Division
Offie* of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. KNVHONKENTAL P10TBCTION AGENCY
R*««areb Triangl. Park, North Carolina
March 1983
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BENEFIT AND NET BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR
PARTI CtJLATE MA1TER
By:
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr.
Robert L. Horst, Jr.
Kathleen M. Brennan
Jennifer M. Hobart
Carol D. Harvey
Jerome T. Bentley
Marcus C. Duff
Daniel E. Ilingler
Judith I. Tapiero
With the Assistance of:
David S. Brookshire
Thomas D. Crooker
Ralph C. d’Arge
A. Myrick Freeman, III
William D. Schuize
James H. Ware
Mkniii Cfl, INC.
P.O. Box 2392
Princeton, New Jersey
08540
EPA Contract Number 68—02—3826
Project Officer:
Allen C. Basala
Economic Analysis Branch
Strategies and Air Standards Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
March 1983
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The analysis and conclusions presented in this report are
those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily
reflecting the official policies of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
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EPA PERSPECTIVE
There has been growing concern with the effectiveness and burden of
regulations imposed by the Federal government. In order to improve the
process by which regulations are developed, Executive Order 12291 was
issued. The order requires that Federal agencies develop and consider, to
the extent permitted by law, Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIA) for the
proposal and promulgation of regulatory actions which are classified as
major. According to the order, a significant component of the RIA is to be
an economic benefit and benefit-cost analysis of the regulatory alternatives
considered. Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator of EPA may not
consider economic and technological feasibility in setting National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Although this precludes consideration of
benefit cost analyses in setting NAAQS, it does not necessarily preclude
consideration of benefit analyses for that purpose.
In full support of the Exetutive Order, the EPA commissioned Mathtech,
Inc. to accomplish an economic benefit and benefit-cost analysis of some of
the alternatives that were thought likely to be considered in the development
of proposed revisions to the NAAQS for particulate matter (PM). The report,
entitled “Benefit and Net Benefit Analysis of Alternative National Ambient
Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter,” documents the results of the
contractor’s study. One of the major objectives of the study was to give a
better understanding of the complex technical issues and the resource
requirements associated with complying with the spirit of the Order for the
NAAQS program. In order to achieve this objective, the contractor was
given a wide range of latitude in the use of data, analytic methods, and
underlying assumptions.
It is important to stress that the benefit analysis portion of the
Mathtech study has not had a role to date in the development of proposed
revisions to the NAAQS for particulate matter. Staff reconinendations
currently under consideration are based on the scientific and technical
information contained in two EPA documents. They are the “Air Quality
Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides” and the “Review of the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter: Assessment
of Scientific and Technical Information, OAQPS Staff Paper.” These documents
have undergone extensive and rigorous review by the public and the Clean
Air Scientific Advisory Committee in accordance with the Agency’s established
scientific review policy. Although the Mathtech study reflects the
“state—of-the-art” in particulate matter benefit analysis, the approach and
results have not been subjected to a comparable extensive peer review
process. In addition, some EPA staff have raised questions regarding the
approach taken In the analysis and the significance of the results for
standard setting purposes under the Act. These circumstances do not
necessarily preclude use of the benefit analysis in some manner after
appropriate peer review and further consideration of the questions that
have been raised.
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P EFA Z
This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
by Mathtech, Inc. The report is organized into five volumes containing a
total of ii. sections as follows:
Volume I
Section 1: The Benefit Analysis
Section 2: The Net Benefit Analysis
Volume II
Section 3: Health Effects Studies in the Epidemiology Literature
Section 4: Health Effects Studies in the Economics Literatuxe
Appendix: Valuation of Health Improvements
Volume III
Section 5: Residential Property Value Studies
Section 6: Hedonic Wage Studies
Section 7: Economic Benefits of Reduced Soiling
Section 8:. Benefits of National Visibility Standards
Volume IV
Section 9: Air Quality Data and Standards
Section 10: Selected Methodological Issues
Volume V
Section 11: Supplementary Tables
iv
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A IOVLEDGJIENIS
While preparing this report, we had the benefit of advice, comments
and other assistance from many individuals. Allen Basala, the EPA Project
Officer, and James Bain, former Chief of the Economic Analysis Branch
(EAB), were especially helpful. They provided both overall guidance on
project direction as well as technical review and comment on the report.
Others in EAB who assisted us included Thomas Walton, George Duggan, and
John O’Connor, the current Chief of EAB.
Others within EPA/OAQPS who reviewed parts of the report and assisted
in various ways included Henry Thomas, Jeff Cohen, John Bachman, John
Haines, Joseph Padgett, and Bruce Jordan.
Several individuals within EPA/OPA also provided comments or assis-
tance at various stages of the project. These included Bart Ostro, Alex
Cristofaro, Ralph Luken, Jon Rarford, and Paul Stolpman.
Others outside EPA who reviewed parts of the report and provided
comments included V. Kerry Smith, Paul Portney, Lester Lave, Eugene Seskin,
and William Watson. Other Mathtech staff who assisted us in various ways
were Donald Wise, Gary Labovich, and Robert I. Anderson. We also
appreciate the assistance of Al Smith and Ken Brubaker of Argonne National
Laboratory who conducted the parallel analysis of control costs and air
quality impacts.
Naturally, it was not possible to incorporate all comments and
suggestions. Therefore, the individuals listed above do not necessarily
endorse the analyses or conclusions of the report.
The production of a report this length in several draft versions, each
under a tight time constraint, is a job which taxes the patience and sanity
of a secretarial staff. Carol Rossell had this difficult task and managed
ably with the assistance of Deborah Piantoni, Gail Gay, and Sally Webb.
Nadine Vogel and Virginia Wyatt, who share the same burden at EAB. also
assisted us on several occasions.
V
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VOLUIIE V
Section Page
11 SUPPLE34ENL RY TABLES
Estimates of IncrementalBenefits . li.—1
Estimates of Incremental Health Improvements ..... 11—2
vi
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TARLRS
V L1JIIE V
Table No. Page
11—1. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 70 AAM/250
24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—6
11—2. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM.10
70 AAM/250 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—7
11—3. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM —
No Lower Bound Applied . . 11—8
11—4. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM — No Lower Bound Applied . 11—9
11—5. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM/250
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied 11—10
11—6. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM/250 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied . ....... 11—11
11—7. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM/200
24—hr.—NoLoworBouudApplied .. 11—12
11—8. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM/200 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—13
11—9. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM/150
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied...... ....... 11—14
vii
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TARL S (Continu.d)
Table No. Page
11—10. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM/150 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—15
11—11. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 48 AAM/183
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied 11—16
11—12. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 48
AAM/183 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—17
11—13. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75 AGM/260
24—hr. 7—yr. — No Lower Bound Applied . ........... 11—18
11—14. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—19
11—15. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150 24—hr.
7—yr.—NoLowerBoundApplied .. ..... 11—20
11—16. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150
24—hr. 7—yr. — No Lover Bound Applied ............ . 11—21
11—17. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75 AGM/260
24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—22
11—18. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied .. 11—23
11—19. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150 24—hr. —
No Lower Bound Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11—24
11—20. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150
24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—25
viii
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TABLRS (Continued)
Table No. Page
11—21. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 70 AAM/250
24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—26
11—22. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 70
AAM/250 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—27
11—23. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM —
No Lower Bound Applied 11—28
11—24. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55
AAM—NoLowerBoundApplied . 11—29
11—25. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM/250
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied . ....... 11—30
11—26. Incremental Benefit; by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55
AAM/250 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied . 11—31
11—27. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM/200
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied 11—32
11—28. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55
AAM/200 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied .... 11—33
11—29. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM/150
24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—34
11—30. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM 1O 55
AAM/150 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—35
11—31. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 48 AAM/183
24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—36
i x
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TABLES (Continued)
Table No. Page
11—32. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 48
AAM/183 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—37
11—33. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75 AGM/260
24—hr. 7—yr. — No Lower Bound Applied . 11—38
11—34. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—3 9
11—35. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150 24—hr.
7—yr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—40
11—36. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150
24—hr. 7—yr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—41
11—37. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75 AGM/260
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied............. .... 11—42
11—38. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. — No Lower Bound Applied 11—43
11—39. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150 24—hr. —
No Lower Bound Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11—44
11—40. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150
24—hr.—NoLowerBoundApplied.. ..... 11—45
11—41. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 70 AAM/250
24—hr.—LowerBoundApplied........... . 11—46
11—42. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 70
AAM/250 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—47
x
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TABLES (Continnod)
Table No. Pane
11—43. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM —
Lower Bound Applied 11—48
11-44. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
A.AM — Lower Boun.d Applied . 11—4 9
ll—45. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM/250
24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—50
11—46. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM/250 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—51
11—47. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM/200
24—hr. —L .o’werBoundApplied . 11—52
11—48. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM/200 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied .. 11—53
11—49. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55 AAM/150
24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied .... 11—54
11—50. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 55
AAM/15024—hr.—LowerBonndApplied ...... 11—55
11—51. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — P1 (10 48 A.AM/183
24—hr.—LowerBoundApp lied 11—56
11—52. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — PM1O 48
AAM/183 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—57
11—53. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75 MM/260
24—hr. 7—yr.—LowerBoundApplied 11—58
xi
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Th1L . ’ (Continued)
Table No. Paae
11—54. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—59
11—55. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150 24—hr.
7—yr.—LowerBoundApplied . 11—60
11—56,. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150
24—hr. 7—yr.—LowerBonndApplied . 11—61
11—57. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75 AGM/260
24—hr.—LowerBoundApplied........ ... . 11—62
11—58. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—63
11—59. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150 24—hr. —
Lower Bound Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164
11—60. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type B — TSP 150
24—hr.—LowerBoundApplied............................ 11—65
11—61. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 70 AAM/250
24—hr.—LowerBoundApplied............................ 11—66
11—62. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 70
AAM/250 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied . 11—67
11—63. Incremental Benefits — Bénef its Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM —
Lower Bound Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11’68
11—64. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O
S5AAM—LowerBonndApplied .... 1169
xii
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TABLES (Continued)
Table No. Page
11—65. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM/250
24—hr.—LowerBonndApplied . 11—70
11—66. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55
AAM/250 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied . 11—71
11—67. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 AAM/200
24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—72
11—68. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55
AAM/200 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—73
11—69. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55 A.AM/150
24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—74
11—70. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 55
AAMI15O 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied .. . 11—75
11—71. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 48 A.AM/183
24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied . ... . ... . . 11—76
11—72. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — PM1O 48
AAM/183 24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—77
11—73. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75 AGMI26O
24—hr. 7—yr.—LowerBoundApplied....,.... . . . .. . . .,. .. 11—78
11—74. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—79
11—75. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150 24—hr.
7—yr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—80
xi ii
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TAPLRS (Continued)
Table No, Paae
11—76. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150
24—hr. 7—yr.—LowerBonndApplied 11—81
11—77. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75 AGM/260
24—hr. — Lower Bound Applied 11—82
11—78. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 75
AGM/260 24—hz. — Lower Bound Applied ..... . 11—83
11—79. Incremental Benefits — Benefits Accumulated Between
1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150 24—hr. —
Lower Bound Applied ...... . . . 11—84
11—80. Incremental Benefits by Region — Benefits Accumulated
Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario: Type A — TSP 150
24—hr.—LowerBoundApplied... . 11—85
11—81. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Applied 11—86
11—82. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1 O — 55 AAM — Type B — No Lower Bound Applied 11—87
11—83. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1.O — 55 AAMI2SO 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Applied 11—88
11—84. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1 O — 55 AAM/200 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Applied ........ . .. . . 11—89
11—85. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAM/150 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11—90
xiv
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TARTRS (Conti usd)
Table No .
11—86. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 48 AAM/183 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Ap 1ied 11—91
11—87. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type B — No Lower
Bound Applied 11—92
11—88. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Applied S 11—93
11—89. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound
Applied 11—94
11—90. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. — Type B — No Lower Bound Applied 11—95
11—91. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied . 11—96
11—92. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAM — Type A — No Lower Bound Applied 11—97
11—93. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied .. 11—98
11—94. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAM/200 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied 11—99
x v
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TARL (Continu.d)
Table No. Page
11—95. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAM/150 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied . 11—100
11—96. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 48 AAM/183 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied . li..101
11—97. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type A — No Lower
Bound Applied . . •. 11—102
11—98. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied .. 11—103
11—99. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound
Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11—104
11—100. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. — Type A — No Lower Bound Applied 11—105
11—101. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied . 11—106
11—102. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O —55 AAM — Type B — Lower Bound Applied 11—107
11—103. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1 O — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied . 11—108
11—104. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1 O — 55 AAM/200 24—hr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied . 11—109
x vi
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TABLES (Contiiuz.d)
T able No. PaM
11—105. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 - Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAM/150 24—hr. — Type B Lower Bound Applied . 11—110
11—106. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 48 AAMI183 24—hr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied . 11— 111
11—107. Incremental Reduction in. Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGN/260 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type B — Lower
Bound Applied . . . . . 11—112
11—108. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied ... 11—113
11—109. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied .. 11—114
11—110. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. — Type B — Lower Bound Applied 11—115
11—111. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PMi.0 — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied . 11—116
11—112. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 55 AAII — Type A — Lower Bound Applied ............ 11—117
11—113. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PMi.O — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied . 11—118
11—114. Incremental Reduction in. Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
— 55 LAM/zoo 24—hr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied . 11—119
11—115. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
— 55 LAM/i So 24—hr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied . 11—120
x vii
-------
TABLES (Continued)
Table No. Pate
11—116. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
PM1O — 48 AAM/183 24—hr. — T e A — Lower Bound Applied . 11—121
11—117. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—hr. — Type A — Lower
Bo Applied . 11—122
11—118. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied ... 11—123
11—119. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 75 AQM/260 24—hr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied .. 11—124
11—120. Incremental Reduction in Adverse Health Effects —
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995 — Scenario:
TSP — 150 24—hr. — Type A — Lower Bound Applied ... 11—125
x viii
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SECTION 11
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES
-------
SECTION 11
SP EJIEW A1T TA1U RS
EST]J(ATES OF INt V PNThL B 1TS
Section 1 presents summary estimates of benefits for the various
standards. This section contains tables providing additional detail for
those standards by benefit category and by region. The tables contain four
standards in addition to the six considered in Sections 3 through 7 of the
report. These additional standards include a 55 AAM/200 24—hour PM1O
standard and a 48 AAM/l83 24—hour PM1O standard. Also, the 75 AGM/260 24—
hour and 150 24—hour TSP standards are analyzed assuming implementation in
1989.
The first set of tables contains estimates for Type B scenarios. The
Type B scenarios assume that all counties are in attainment with a standard
over the period of the analysis. The second set of tables contain Scenario
A results. Under a Type A scenario, the potential reduction in PM levels
is limited by available control technologies. A county will not achieve
attainment if current control options are exhausted before a standard is
attained. A more detailed discussion of the two types of scenarios is
contained in Section 9.
Estimates of benefits with the EPA Staff Paper lower bounds applied
are also given in this section. The third set of tables contains B
scenario results with a lower bound applied, while the fourth set of tables
contains the corresponding A scenario results. A discussion of the Staff
Paper lower bounds is contained in Section 10.
11—1
-------
Tables 11—1 through 11—40 summarize the benefits estimated without
application of the lower bounds. Tables 11—1 through 11—20 present Type B
scenario estimates for each standard, first by benefit category, and then
by region. Tables 11—21 through 11—40 provide the corresponding estimates
for Type A scenarios. Type A benefit estimates will be less than Type B
estimates if the changes in ai quality required for attainment cannot be
achieved with current control technologies.
Tables 11—41 through 11—80 show benefits with application of the Staff
Paper lower bounds. Tables 11—41 through 11—60 provide breakdowns by
benefit category and region for Type B scenarios. Tables 11—61 through 11—
80 provide corresponding breakdowns for Type A scenarios.
ES IJAThS OF IN EMEWrAL 11RALTh DIPROVEMENTS
The health benefits of alternative PM standards are estimated in
Sections 3 and 4. These benefits comprise several components. As the
level of PM in the ambient air is reduced, the incidence of disease may
decrease. A reduction in disease incidence will reduce expenditures on
medical care. In addition, fewer days of work and leisure will be lost
through illness. Finally, the annual number of deaths may decrease. In
Sections 3 and 4, reductions in direct medical expenditures (DME), work
loss days (WLD), reduced activity days (LAD), and mortality are valued in
monetary terms and aggregated. The method of monetary valuation is
discussed in the Appendix to Volume II.
In this section, the benefit estimates are broken down to provide more
detailed information on the health improvements that may result from
imposition of alternative standards. The reductions in DME and the number
of WLD and LAD are estimated. Also, for morbidity studies that examine
effects of PM on disease incidence, changes in the number of incidents (the
number of cases of a disease) are Calculated, In addition, the reductions
in mortality risk are also given. As explained in Section 1, the change in
mortality risk is calculated by multiplying the representative individual’s
11-a
-------
change in risk, due to a reduction in PM, by the number of individuals
experiencing the change.
Note that if a large number of individuals each experience a small
reduction in mortality or morbidity risk, the total change in risk can be
appreciable. This is illustrated by the hypothetical data in the table
below. As the table indicates, the incremental risk reductions per person
are small. However, the large populations experiencing the reductions lead
to a large total reduction in risk. It is the total reduction in risk that
appears in the health effects tables in this section.
Tables 11—81 through 11—120 present the health effects for the United
States. Tables 11—81 through 11—100 provide Type B and Type A scenario
results without application of the Staff Paper lower bounds. Tables 11—101
through 11—120 provide estimates with application of the Staff Paper lower
Illustrative Calculation of Annual Average Reduction
in Total Mortality Risk
(Based on Hypothetical Data)
Incremental
Risk Reduction
Annual Average
Population
Annual Average Reduction
in Mortality Risk
to
to 10
10 to io6
< io 6
Attainment Counties
0
80,000
1,100,000
30,000,000
90,000,000
100,000,000
0
40
55
150
45
N.A.
Total
221,180,000
290
* Entry shown in Tables 11—81 through 11—120, except that latter tables are
based on actual data.
11—3
-------
bounds. The annual average reduction in mortality risk and number of
incidents WLD and RAD are given. The annualized average of reductions in
DME are given in 1980 dollars in 1982.
For example, Table 11—81 shows the effects under the Type B 70 AAM/250
24—hour PM1O standard with no lower bound applied. Under aggregation
procedure A, mortality risk is reduced by 286. The number of WLD and RAD
are reduced by 84,000 and 858,000, respectively. There is a reduction of
$8 million in DME. Lastly, the number of chronic incidents is reduced by
159,000.
Moving to the right across aggregation procedures, the magnitude of
the health effects increases. Under aggregation procedure C, the reduction
in mortality risk and number of chronic incidents remain at 286 and
159,000. Reductions in the number of WLD and RAD and reduction in DME
increase to 11.7 million, 55.2 million, and $957 million, respectively.
Table 11—101 shows the effects under the Type B 70 AAM/250 24—hour
standard when the lower bound is applied. The morbidity effects under
aggregation procedure A are not affected. The reduction in mortality risk,
however, decreases to 83 for both aggregationproceduresA and C. Under
aggregation procedure C, the reductions in number of WLD and RAD, and
reduction in DME are 1.7 million, 8.0 million, and $139 million, respec-
tively.
To put these reductions in health effects in perspective, it is
helpful to compare them to the national mortality risk, WLD, RAD, and DME.
When no threshold is applied, the annual average reduction in units of
mortality risk under aggregation procedures A and C is about 0.01 percent
of total annual mortality risk in the United States. Under aggregation
procedure A, the annual average reduction in DME is approximately 0.2 to
0.3 percent of annual DME for chronic respiratory disease. Similarly, the
reductions in WLD, R&D, and incidents represent about 0.2 to 0.3 percent of
annual chronic respiratory disease WLD, R&D, and incidents, respectively.
11-4
-------
Under aggregation procedure C, there is about a 2.5 percent and 1.5
percent reduction, respectively, in the annual number of non—injury related
WLD and RAD. The reduction in DME is approximately 2 percent of annual DME
for respiratory and circulatory conditions.
With the Staff Paper lower bounds applied, these percentages change
for several effects categories. Under aggregation procedure A, application
of the lower bound does not change the morbidity effects. The reduction in
mortality risk, however, decreases to about 0.004 percent of total annual
mortality risk. Under aggregation procedure C. the reduction in the number
of WLD and RAD is approximately 0.4 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively,
of the total non—injury related WLD and RAD. The reduction in DME is
around 0.3 percent of annual DME for respiratory and circulatory condi-
tions.
The measures of health effects in Tables 11—81 through 11—120 are
subject to the limitations and biases discussed in Sections 3 and 4. In
particular, these estimates may not capture all the potential health
effects. For example, aggregation procedures A and B only consider acute
exposure mortality and effects on respiratory disease, excluding effects on
other types of disease. The effects measures have an additional limita-
tion. Without monetary valuation, the effects are not measured in commen-
surable units and cannot be aggregated. To evaluate the standards, a range
of effects must be compared to costs. The ranking of standards by net
economic benefit requires explicit or implicit valuation of the effects.
11-5
-------
Table 11—1
NtREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: Type B’ PM1O 70 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lover Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.12 1.12 1.12 12.72 12.72 13.84
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.32 10.65 10.65 10.65 11.97
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 11.40 11.40
Household SoilIng
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.73 0.73 3.14 13.85
Subtotal 1 1.24 2.56 12.63 24.24 37.92 51.07
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.30 1.30
— * _
Subtotal 2 1.24 2.56 12.63 24.24 39.22 52.36
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.43 6.85 11.42
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.81 19.81 37.21
A B C D E F
—
Minimum Value 0.16 0.30 0.93 0.89 7.08 17.97
Maximum Value 14.99 26.90 37.21 84.45 108.23 145.71
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982. at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entri 03 may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-6
-------
Table 11—2
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 70 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
II 0.00 0.00 002 0.04 0.06 0.08
III 0.08 0.14 0.64 1.08 1.88 2.51
IV 0.05 0.13 0.70 1.34 2.20 2.94
V 0.23 0.63 3.69 8.36 13.68 17.57
VI 0.08 ‘0.24 1.38 2.89 4.60 6.15
VII 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.40 0.64 0.86
VIII 0.04 0.10 0.45 0.87 1.44 1.98
IX 0.67 1.16 4.86 8.01 12.71 17.55
X 0.07 0.14 0.70 1.25 2.00 2.72
U.S. 1.24 2.56 12.63 24.24 39.22 52.36
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-7
-------
Table 11—3
flREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.68 1.68 1.68 22.58 22.58 24.26
Acute Morbidity 0.0 2.33 18.98 18.98 18.98 21.31
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 24.46 24.46
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.29 1.29 5.64 25.53
Subtotal 1 1.81 4.14 22.08 42.97 71.66 95.57
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.41 2.41
Subtotal 2 1.81 4.14 22.08 42.97 74.06 97.98
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 5.96 11.92 19.86
Hedonic Wage Studies 16.53 33.40 61.24
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.17 0.43 1.53 1.48 13.71 33.92
Maximum Value 24.65 45.43 63.14 148.83 198.78 263.98
* Discounted present valU° in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 p.rcent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-8
-------
Table 11—4
IN REMENFAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM
Mo Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C B E F
I 0.01 0.03 0.16 0.30 0.52 0.71
II 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.44 086 1.11
III 0.12 0.24 1.15 2.05 3.66 4.92
IV 0.10 0.27 1.55 2.97 5.12 6.90
V 0.32 0.90 5.42 12.76 23.08 28.81
VI 0.11 0.36 2.16 4.53 7.65 10.19
VII 0.04 0.10 0.53 1.01 1.70 2.30
VIII 0.08 0.19 0.99 1.75 2.96 4.08
IX 0.95 1.85 9.05 15.50 25.72 35.19
X 0.08 0.17 0.88 1.65 2.18 3.76
U.S. 1.81 4.14 22.08 42.97 74.06 97.98
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-9
-------
Table 11—5
INCREMENTAL ENE
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
__ ----*----—-------
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.69 1.69 1.69 22.69 22.69 24.38
Acute Morbidity 0.0 2.35 19.10 19.10 19.10 21.45
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 24.53 24.53
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.30 1.30 5.68 25.72
Subtotal 1 1.82 4.16 22,22 43.22 72.00 96.07
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.41 2.41
Subtotal 2 1.82 4.16 22.22 43.22 74.40 98.48
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 6.00 12.00 19.99
Hedonic Wage Studies 16.61 33.55 61.45
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.17 0.44 1.54 1.49 13.76 34.12
Maximum Value 24.81 45.73 63.55 149.62 199.72 265.36
• Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11—10
-------
Table 11—6
INC!RRMEN AL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPA.Region A B C D E F
I 0.01 0.03 0.16 0.30 0.52 0.71
II 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.44 0.86 1.11
III 0.12 0.24 1.15 2.05 3.66 4.92
IV 0.10 0.27 1.55 2.97 5.12 6.90
V 0.32 0.91 5.45 12.80 23.14 28.91
VI 0.11 0.37 2.20 4.61 7.76 10.36
VII 0.04 0.10 0.53 1.01 1.70 2.31
VIII 0.08 0.19 0.99 1.75 2.96 4.08
IX 0.95 1.85 9.05 15.51 25.73 35.19
I 0.08 0.18 0.95 1.77 2.94 3.99
U.s. 1.82 4.16 22.22 43.22 74.40 98.48
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
li—il
-------
Table 11—7
INcREMEN1’AL ENE
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/200 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.72 1.72 1.72 23.18 23.18 24.90
Acute Morbidity 0.0 2.41 19.59 19.59 19.59 22.00
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 24.99 24.99
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0 0 1.34 1.34 5.86 26.48
Subtotal 1 1.85 4.26 22.77 44.23 73.61 98.37
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.44 2.44
Subtotal 2 1.85 4.26 22.77 44.23 76.05 100.81
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 6.20 12.41 20.68
Hedonic Wage Studies 17.02 34.38 62.64
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.17 0.44 1.59 1.54 14.08 35.03
Maximum Value 25.40 46.91 65.13 152.99 204.07 271.49
S Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-12
-------
Table 11—8
INCBEMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/200 24hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.01 0.03 0.17 0.31 0.54 0.74
II 0.01 0.04 0.24 0.54 1.06 1.39
III 0.13 0.25 1.23 2.20 3.92 5.26
IV 0.10 0.27 1.56 2.98 5.13 6.92
V 0.32 0.93 5.56 13.01 23.51 29.40
VI 0.12 0.37 2.23 4.67 7.83 10.47
VII 0.04 0.10 0.55 1.05 1.75 2.38
VIII 0.08 0.19 1.01 1.77 3.00 4.13
IX 0.96 1.87 9.14 15.66 .25.97 35.54
I 0.09 0.21 1.10 2.04 3.33 4.57
U.s. 1.85 4.26 22.77 44.23 76.05 100.81
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundof fs.
11-13
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Table 11—9
N REMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.92 1.92 1.92 27.31 27.31 29.22
Acute Morbidity 0.0 2.92 23.42 23.42 23.42 26.34
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 29.70 29.70
Household Soiling
and Materials o.o 0.0 1.62 1.62 7.16 32.76
Subtotal 1. 2.04 4.97 27.08 52.47 87.59 118.02
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.86 2.86
Subtotal 2 2.04 4.97 27.08 52.47 90.44 120.88
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 7.63 15.26 25.44
Hedonic Wage Studies 20.26 40.93 72.60
A B C D E F
— — —-- - _
Minimum Value 0.18 0.51 1.88 1.83 16.90 42.88
Maximum Value 29.48 55.47 76.67 180.60 241.48 322.42
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-14
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Table 11—10
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.08 0.39 0.87 1.61 2.30
II 0.01 0.06 0.35 0.79 1.50 1.98
III 0.15 0.33 1.61 2.91 5.15 7.00
IV 0.11 0.34 2.00 3.80 6.57 8.94
V 0.35 1.03 6.21 14.19 25.59 32.21
VI 0.13 0.43 2.58 5.44 9.19 12.32
VII 0.05 0.13 0.74 1.41 2.39 3.28
VIII 0.11 0.27 1.49 2.56 4.34 6.03
IX 1.00 2.01 10.13 17.51 29.21 39.98
X 0.11 0.29 1.57 3.00 4.90 6.84
U.S. 2.04 4.97 27.08 52.47 90.44 120.88
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11—15
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Table 11—11
INcREMENrAL BENEFITS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24-hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category —_A B C 9 E F
Mortality 1.99 1.99 1.99 29.59 29.59 31.58
Acute Morbidity 0.0 3.08 24.84 24.84 24.84 27.91
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 33.15 33.15
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.72 1.72 7.57 34.65
Subtotal 1 2.11 5.19 28.67 56.27 95.15 127.29
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.30 3.30
Subtotal 2 2.11 5.19 28.67 56.27 98.45 130.59
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 7.87 15.73 26.22
Hedonic Wage Studies 21.02 42.46 77.07
A B C D E F
Minimum ValUe 0.18 0.53 1.99 1.94 18.55 46.03
Maximum Value 30.92 58.24 80.59 194.23 261.97 347.16
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff 5.
11-16
-------
Table 11—12
ThWREMENIAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.05 0.32 0.60 1.05 1.44
II 0.02 0.06 0.34 0.76 1.48 1.95
III 0.15 0.34 1.71 3.12 5.55 7.52
IV 0.12 0.35 2.02 3.91 6.82 9.27
V 0.38 1.12 6.82 16.10 30.07 37.36
VI 0.14 0.47 2.86 6.04 10.34 13.85
VII 0 .05 0.13 0.74 1.40 2.37 3.25
VIII 0.10 0.25 1.37 2.37 4.01 5.55
IX 1.05 2.15 11.03 19.18 32.12 44.01
1 0.10 0.27 1.48 2.79 4.64 6.39
U.s. 2.11 5.19 28.67 56.27 98.45 130.59
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-17
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Table 11—13
INcR.EMENrAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A — B — C ______ — E F
Mortality 2.00 2.00 2.00 29.78 29.78 31.79
Acute Morbidity 0.0 3.10 25.38 25.38 25.38 28.48
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 34.05 34.05
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.74 1.74 7.64 35.06
Subtotal 1 2.13 5.23 29.24 57.02 96.86 129.38
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.38 3.38
Subtotal 2 2.13 5.23 29.24 57.02 100.23 132.76
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 7.88 15.75 26.26
Hedonic Wage Studies 21.40 43.23 78.27
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.18 0.53 2.01 1.96 18.90 46.73
Maximum Value 31.21 58.59 81.51 195.81 265.28 351.16
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 perCent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
11-18
-------
Table 11—14
n4Ø2.EMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Proceduxe
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.06 0.37 0.70 1.24 1.69
II 0.02 0.05 0.31 0.69 1.34 1.77
III 0.16 0.35 1.83 3.27 5.80 7.84
-IV 0.12 0.37 2.18 4.13 7.16 9.75
V 0.39 1.16 7.06 16.52 30.87 38.44
VI 0.11 0.42 2.61 5.69 9.92 13.10
VII 0.06 0.16 0.89 1.67 2.86 3.91
VIII 0.10 0.24 1.31 2.27 3.84 5.32
IX 1.07 2.19 11.38 19.63 33.08 45.36
I 0.09 0.24 1.31 2.45 4.11 5.59
U.s. 2.13 5.23 29.24 57.02 100.23 132.76
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
11-19
-------
Table 11—15
INCREMEN rAL BENEFITS
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B# — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 2.29 2.29 2.29 36.48 36.48 38.77
Acute Morbidity 0.0 4.00 31.66 31.66 31.66 35.65
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 39.54 39.54
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 2.27 2.27 10.11 46.55
Subtotal 1 2.42 6.41 36.34 70.53 117.79 160.52
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.11 4.11
Subtotal 2 2.42 6.41 36.34 70.53 121.90 164.63
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 10.46 20.92 34.87
Hedonic Wage Studies 26.64 53.80 92.58
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.18 0.64 2.57 2.51 23.38 60.34
Maximum Value 37.91 73.27 100.15 240.42 322.28 431.87
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffS.
11-20
-------
Table 11—16
IN REMEN AL BENEFITS BY REGION
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.03 0.16 0.82 1.80 3.20 4.64
II 0.03 0.10 0.58 1.29 2.40 3.26
III 0.20 0.50 2.70 4.90 8.59 11.83
IV 0.14 0.46 2.75 5.29 8.99 12.43
V 0.45 1.38 8.47 18.83 34.74 43.96
VI 0.14 0.50 3.06 6.39 10.71 14.46
VII 0.08 0.24 1.44 2.72 4.56 6.41
VIII 0.12 0.32 1.80 3.16 5.24 7.41
IX 1.11 2.39 12.78 22.36 37.23 51.42
X 012 0.36 1.94 3.80 6.24 8.82
U.S. 2.42 6.41 36.34 70.53 121.90 164.63
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
• independent roundoffs.
11-21
-------
Table 11—17
R EME ffAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 2.79 2.79 2.79 42.81 42.81 45.61
Acute Morbidity 0.0 4.28 35.17 35.17 35.17 39.45
Chronic Morbidity 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 46.71 46.71
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 2.41 2.41 10.74 49.90
Subtotal 1 2.94 7.22 40.52 80.54 135.43 181.66
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.80 4.80
Subtotal 2 2.94 7.22 40.52 80.54 140.23 186.46
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 11.18 22.36 37.26
Hedonic Wage Studies 29.17 58.91 107.14
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.22 0.71 2.77 2.69 26.35 66.07
Maximum Value 44.14 82.09 113.75 278.74 374.44 495.54
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-22
-------
Table 11—18
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REG I0N
Benef its Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.03 0.08 0.52 1.01 1.76 2.43
II 0.02 0.07 0.44 1.00 1.91 2.53
III 0.23 0.50 2.59 4.72 8.31 11.28
IV 0.16 0.50 2.97 5.74 9.84 13.50
V 0.56 1.62 9.85 23.49 43.37 54.08
VI 0.15 0.56 3.51 7.93 13.76 18.14
VII 0.08 0.22 1.25 2.39 4.08 5.61
VIII 0.13 0.33 1.80 3.16 5.28 7.36
I X 1.46 3.00 15.83 27.71 46.26 63.81
I 0.13 0.32 1.78 3.39 5.66 7.73
U.S. 2.94 7.22 40.52 80.54 140.23 186.46
• Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
11-23
-------
Table 11—19
INQ!MEW AL BENEFITS’
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 150 24hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D —_____ F_—
Mortality 3.19 3.19 3.19 52.43 52.43 55.62
Acute Morbidity 0.0 5.51 43.79 43.79 43.79 49.31
Chronic Morbidity 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 53.95 53.95
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 3.15 3.15 14.21 66.36
Subtotal 1 3.34 8.86 50.29 99..52 164.37 225.23
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.81 5.81
Subtotal 2 3.34 8.86 50.29 99.52 170.18 231.04
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 14.87 29.74 49.56
Hedonic Wage Studies 36.38 73.48 126.84
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.23 0.85 3.54 3.46 32.51 85.37
Maximum Value 53.57 102.47 139.54 342.02 454.28 608.75
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roun.doffs.
11-24
-------
Table 11—20
INt.REMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.04 0.22 1.18 2.64 4.62 6.73
II 0.04 0.15 0.82 1.85 3.41 4.65
III 0.30 0.71 3.79 6.96 12.06 16.69
IV 0.19 0.62 3.69 7.31 12.22 17.06
V 0.64 1.93 11.82 26.76 48.74 61.81
VI 0.19 0.68 4.17 8.92 14.87 20.16
VII 0.11 0.36 2.07 4.00 6.63 9.40
VIII 0.16 0.44 2.45 4.38 7.17 10.21
IX 1.51 3.27 17.68 31.45 51.91 72.14
1 0.16 0.48 2.61 5.25 8.56 12.19
U.s. 3.34 8.86 50.29 99.52 170.18 231.04
• Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982. at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-25
-------
Table 11—21
NcREME AL ENE*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario ‘Type A’ — PM1O 70 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C -__D E F
Mortality 0.77 0.77 0.77 8.27 8.27 9.04
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.86 6.87 6.87 6.87 7.73
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 5.93 5.93
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.46 0.46 2.00 8.84
Subtotal 1 0.88 1.74 8.21 15.70 23.06 31.53
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.88 0.88
Subtotal 2 0.88 1.74 8.21 15.70 23.94 32.42
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 2.2.7 4.54 7.56
Hedonic Wage Studies 6.74 13.62 25.30
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.13 0.23 0.61 0.58 4.25 11.22
Maximum Value 10.06 17.84 24.75 55.15 67.95 92.52
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
11-26
-------
Table 11—22
REMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 70 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region A -__B C D F
I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
II 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
III 0.08 0.14 0.61 1.04 1.81 2.41
IV 0.05 0.11 0.57 1.06 1.70 2.29
V 0.18 0.47 2.68 5.91 8.79 11.54
VI 0.06 0.16 0.88 1.83 2.72 3.70
VII 0.02 0.04 0.18 0.36 0.56 0.75
VIII 0.04 0.09 0.43 0.78 1.30 1.80
I X 0.42 0.68 2.60 4.29 6.38 9.00
X 0.03 0.05 0.23 0.40 0.60 0.83
U.s. 0.88 1.74 8.21 15.70 23.94 32.42
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
ll-Z7
-------
Table 11—23
MENrAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.00 1.00 1.00 11.26 11.26 12.26
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.22 9.68 9 ,68 9.68 10.90
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 9.76 9.76
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.64 0.64 2.83 12.85
Subtotal 1 1.10 2.32 11.43 21.69 33.53 45.77
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.08 1.08
Subtotal 2 1.10 2.32 11.43 21.69 34.61 46.85
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.16 6.32 10.54
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.17 18.52 33.11
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.27 0.80 0.77 6.17 16.36
Maximum Value 13.83 24.85 34.34 75.57 96.03 130.78
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
ll-Z8
-------
Table 11—24
INcREMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.01 0.03 0.15 0.28 0.50 0.67
II 0.01 0.03 0.18 0.43 0.82 1.06
III 0.12 0.23 1.08 1.92 3.42 4.59
IV 0.07 0.18 1.03 1.92 - 3.23 4.36
V 0.23 0.60 3.41 7.25 11.22 14.79
VI 0.08 0.20 1.09 2.24 3.43 4.67
VII 0.03 0.08 0.42 0.77 1.27 1.73
VIII 0.06 0.14 0.73 1.28 2.18 3.01
IX 0.46 0.76 2.99 4.95 7.50 10.55
I 0.03 0.07 0.35 0.64 1.04 1.41
U.S. 1.10 2.32 11.43 21.69 34.61 46.85
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-29
-------
Table 11—25
EMENTAL ENE
Benefits Accn u1ated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.00 1.00 1.00 11.31 11.31 12.31
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.22 9.73 9.73 9.73 10.95
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 9.80 9.80
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.64 0.64 2.85 12.93
Subtotal 1 1.11 2.33 11.49 21.79 33.69 45.99
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.08 1.08
Subtotal 2 1.11 2.33 11.49 21.79 34.77 47.07
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.18 6.35 10.59
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.20 18.58 33.20
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.27 0.81 0.78 6.20 16.44
Maximum Value 13.91 24.98 34.53 75.91 96.44 131.40
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 Percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
11-30
-------
Table 11—26
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region ___
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Ix
I
U.S.
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
A
B
C
D
E F
0.01
0.03
0.15
0.28
0.01
0.03
0.18
0.43
0.82
1.06
0.12
0.23
1.08
1.92
3.42
4.59
0.07
0.18
1.03
1.92
3.23
4.36
0.24
0.61
3.43
7.29
11.29
14.88
0.08
0.21
1.11
2.28
3.48
4.75
0.03
0.08
0.42
0.78
1.28
1.74
0.06
0.14
0.73
1.28
2.18
3.01
0.46
0.76
2.99
4.95
7.50
10.55
0.03
0.07
0.36
0.66
1.07
1.45
11—31
-------
Table 11—27
INCREME AL ENE
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/200 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
—- -
Benefit Category A B C D_— E F
Mortality 1.02 1.02 1.02 11.64 11.64 12.67
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.27 10.07 10.07 10.07 11.34
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 10.19 10.19
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.67 0.67 2.97 13.44
Subtotal 1 1.13 2.40 11.88 22.50 34.87 47.63
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.11 1.11
Subtotal 2 1.13 2.40 11.88 22.50 35.98 48.73
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.34 6.67 11.12
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.50 19.18 34.07
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.28 0.84 0.81 6.43 17.07
Maximum Value 14.33 25.80 35.66 78.28 99.61 135.77
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-32
-------
Table 11—28
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAMI200 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.01 0.03 0.16 0.30 0.52 0.70
II 0.01 0.04 0.23 0.53 1.02 1.33
III 0.12 0.24 1.16 2.07 3.66 4.92
IV 0.07 0.18 1.03 1.92 3.24 4.36
V 0.24 0.62 3.56 7.52 11.68 15.41
VI 0.08 0.21 1.12 2.29 3.50 4.79
VII 0.03 0.08 0.44 0.81 1.33 1.81
VIII 0.06 0.14 0.74 1.29 2.19 3.02
I X 0.47 0.78 3.07 5.10 7.74 10.88
I 0.03 0.07 0.38 0.68 1.11 1.50
U.S. 1.13 2.40 11.88 22.50 35.98 48.73
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent, Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
11-33
-------
Table 11—29
REMEI’flAL ENE
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D - E F
Mortality 1.12 1.12 1.12 13.58 13.58 14.70
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.51 11.85 11.85 11.85 13.36
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 12.27 12.27
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.81 0.81 3.61 16.42
Subtotal 1 1.23 2.74 13.89 26.34 41.30 56.76
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.37 1.37
Subtotal 2 1.23 2.74 13.89 26.34 42.67 58.13
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 4,15 8.29 13.82
Hedonic Wage Studies 11.14 22.49 39.14
A B C D E P
Minimum Value O .j4 0.31 0.98 0.95 7.82 20.84
Maximum Value 16.45 30.15 41.48 91.42 117.21 160.07
* Discounted present value i billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff S.
11-34
-------
Table 11—30
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.07 0.36 0.82 1.50 2.16
II 0.01 0.06 0.34 0.77 1.45 1.93
III 0.14 0.31 1.51 2.71 4.77 6.49
I V 0.08 0.21 1.18 2.19 3.70 5.03
V 0.27 0.72 4.12 8.51 13.36 17.72
VI 0.09 0.23 1.26 2.58 3.99 5.46
VII 0.04 0.11 0.60 1.10 1.82 2.51
VIII 0.07 0.16 0.83 1.45 2.47 3.42
IX 0.47 0.78 3.09 5.13 7.79 10.95
1 0.04 0.11 0.39 1.08 1.81 2.47
U.s. 1.23 2.74 13.89 26.34 42.67 58.13
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-35
-------
Table 11—31
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.14 1.14 1.14 13.67 13.67 14.81
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.52 12.05 12.05 12.05 13.56
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 12.71 12.71
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.80 0.80 3.57 16.36
Subtotal 1 1.24 2.76 14.09 26.63 42.00 57.44
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.31 1.31
Subtotal 2 1.24 2.76 14.09 26.63 43.32 58.76
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 4.07 8.15 13.58
Hedonic Wage Studies 11.18 22.58 39.51
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.31 0.98 0.94 7.83 20.82
Maximum Value 16.63 30.38 42.05 92.27 118.76 161.81
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roum.doffs.
11-36
-------
Table 11—32
INCR.EMENFAL BENEFITS BY REGION
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.01 0.04 0.26 0.50 0.88 1.20
II 0.02 0.05 0.32 0.71 1.36 1.80
III 0.14 0.30 1.48 2.68 4.73 6.41
I v 0.08 0.21 1.16 2.15 3.63 4.92
V 0.28 0.75 4.31 8.94 14.30 18.91
VI 0.09 0.25 1.36 2.78 4.32 5.92
VII 0.04 0.11 0.60 1.10 1.83 2.51
VIII 0.07 0.16 0.83 1.44 2.46 3.39
IX 0.47 0.79 3.17 5.25 7.99 11.24
X 0.04 0.10 0.58 1.07 1.81 2.46
U.s. 1.24 2.76 14.09 26.63 43.32 58.76
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-37
-------
Table 11—33
IN REMEN AL ENE
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AQM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.13 1.13 1.13 13.78 13.78 14.92
Acute Morbidity 0.0 1.54 12.30 12.30 12.30 13.84
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 13.04 13.04
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.81 0.81 3.62 16.62
Subtotal 1 1.24 2.78 14.35 27.00 42.74 58.42
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.31 1.31
Subtotal 2 1.24 2.78 14.35 27.00 44.05 59.73
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 4.14 8.28 13.80
Hedonic Wage Studies 11.43 23.08 40.12
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.31 0.98 0.95 7.95 21.16
Maximum Value 16.70 30.66 42.64 93.33 120.43 163.99
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in. 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-38
-------
Table 11—34
INt2EMEN1’AL BENEFITS BY REGION
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AQM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.05 0.30 0.57 0.99 1.36
II 0.01 0.05 0.29 0.62 1.16 1.54
III 0.14 0.30 1.53 2.72 4.78 6.46
IV 0.08 0.22 1.28 2.37 4.00 5.45
V 0.29 0.77 4.49 9.22 14.85 19.66
VI 0.07 0.21 1.24 2.56 4.01 5.46
VII 0.05 0.13 0.71 1.29 2.17 2.98
VIII 0.06 0.15 0.77 1.34 2.28 3.14
IX 0.48 0.79 3.16 5.24 7.98 11.22
X 0.04 0.11 0.58 1.07 1.82 2.47
U.S. 1.24 2.78 14.35 27.00 44.05 59.73
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-39
-------
Table 11—35
INcREMENIAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 1.29 1.29 1.29 17.15 17.15 18.44
Acute Morbidity 00 1.99 15.50 15.50 15.50 17.50
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 16.48 16.48
Kousehold Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.05 1.05 4.76 22.11
Subtotal 1 1.40 3.39 17.95 33.81 53.90 74.53
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.73 1.73
Subtotal 2 1.40 3.39 17.95 33.81 55.63 76.25
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 5.68 11.36 18.94
ifedonic Wage Studies 14.44 29.18 49.05
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.36 1.24 1.20 10.31 27.91
Maximum Value 20.19 38.24 52.80 116.44 150.97 206.45
* Discounted Present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-40
-------
Table 11—36
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.11 0.52 1.19 2.10 3.08
II 0.02 0.09 0.51 1.07 1.94 2.65
III 0.17 0.41 2.19 3.95 6.85 9.42
IV 0.10 0.27 1.57 2.87 4.80 6.62
V 0.33 0.93 5.46 10.90 17.76 23.68
VI 0.10 0.31 1.84 3.69 5.94 8.11
• VII 0.06 0.17 0.98 1.78 2.97 4.14
VIII 0.07 0.17 0.87 1.54 2.60 3.62
I X 0.48 0.81 3.28 5.44 8.34 11.73
I 0.05 0.13 0.72 1.37 2.34 3.21
U.s. 1.40 3.39 17.95 33.81 55.63 76.25
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-41
-------
Table 11—37
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24hz .
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
___ ---— ------
Mortality 1.59 1.59 1.59 19.78 19.78 21.37
Acute Morbidity 0.0 2.13 17.13 ji.13 17 .j3 19.25
Chronic Morbidity 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 18.03 18.03
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.12 1.12 5.07 23.64
— — -
Subtotal 1 1.72 3.85 19.97 38.15 60.01 82.30
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.83 1.83
Subtotal 2 1.72 3.85 19.97 38.15 61.85 84.13
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 5.87 11.75 19.58
Hedonic Wage Studies 15.62 31.56 54.97
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.17 0.41 1.34 1.30 11.08 29.93
Maximum Value 23.74 43.11 59.82 132.76 170.36 231.90
$ Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-42
-------
Table 11—38
IN1 REMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.02 0.07 0.43 0.82 1.43 1.97
II 0.02 0.07 0.40 0.88 1.64 2.17
III 0.20 0.43 2.17 3.92 6.85 9.30
I V 0.12 0.31 1.76 3.31 5.55 7.60
V 0.41 1.09 6.27 13.09 20.85 27.69
VI 0.10 0.29 1.71 3.61 5.68 7.73
VII 0.07 0.18 1.00 1.85 3.10 4.27
VIII 0.09 0.20 1.02 1.82 3.05 4.23
IX 0.64 1.08 4.40 7.35 11.16 15.73
X 0.06 0.14 0.80 1.50 2.52 3.44
U.s. 1.72 3.85 19.97 38.15 61.85 84.13
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-43
-------
Table 11—39
REMEN AL BENEFITS *
Benefits Acctuuulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
_______ —-- -— __ _
1.81 1.81 24.66 24.66 26.47
Mortality
0.0 2.76 21.66 21.66 21.66 24.42
Acute Morbidity
0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 22.76 22.76
Chronic Morbidity
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.46 1.46 6.70 31.50
1.94 4.70 25.06 47.90 75.77 105.14
Subtotal 1
Industrial Soiling
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.42 2.42
and Materials
— ___
Subtotal 2 i.94 4.70 25.06 47.90 78.19 107.56
Minimm.im Midpoint Maximn
Property Value Studies 8.08 16.17 26.95
Hedonic Wage Studies 19.81 40.02 67.36
A B C D E F
— -- -
Minimum Value 0.18 0.48 1.71 1.65 14.39 39.54
Maximum Value 53.86 74.26 166.01 213.84 292.37
* Discounted present value jfl. billion 3 of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discOuflt rate of 10 perceflt Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-44
-------
Table 11—40
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accu ulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.03 0.15 0.77 1.77 3.07 4.51
II 0.03 0.12 0.72 1.53 2.73 3.15
III 0.25 0.58 3.07 5.58 9.56 13.21
IV 0.13 0.37 2.15 4.01 6.62 9.20
V 0.47 1.30 7.62 15.48 24.96 33.38
VI 0.14 0.43 2.53 5.17 8.34 11.41
VII 0.09 0.25 1.45 2.68 4.44 6.21
VIII 0.09 0.23 1.19 2.14 3.57 5.00
IX 0.64 1.10 4.55 7.63 11.64 16.41
I 0.06 0.18 1.00 1.92 3.26 4.49
U.S. 1.94 4.70 25.06 47.90 78.19 107.56
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
11-45
-------
Table 11—41
NQEMEN1’AL BENEFITS*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 70 AAM/ZSo 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C_— D ______ —
Mortality 0.31 0 .32 0.31 11.98 11.98 12.29
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.18 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.61
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 10.62 10.62
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.73 0.73 314 13.85
Subtotal 1 0.44 0.62 2.60 14.27 27.17 38.38
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.30 1.30
-- __
Subtotal 2 0.44 0.62 2.60 14.27 28.47 39.67
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.43 6.83 11.42
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.81 19.81 37.21
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 0.90 0.89 6.90 17.64
Maximum Value 2.82 4.46 6.25 62.04 84.43 99.47
* Discounted present value in billion5 of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
*S Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP a*n j Oan applied to
all health categories.
11 -46
-------
Table 11—42
NCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGION 5
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and, 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 70 AAM/250 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARogion A B C D E P
I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
II 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03
III 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.56 1.34 1.83
iv 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.70 1.50 2.12
V 0.0 0.0 0.27 5.01 10.30 13.56
VI 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.58 3.21 4.53
v ii 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.22 044 0.62
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.17 0.45 0.85 1.33
IX 0.41 0.57 1.90 5.29 995 14.20
X 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.41 0.86 1.45
u.s. 0.44 0.62 2.60 14.27 28.47 39.67
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
* * Lower bound of 110 micrograms per aubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-47
-------
Table 11—43
INREMENrAL BENEFITS*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A - B __ C D H F
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.55 15.55 15.89
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 15.35 15.35
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.29 1.29 5.64 25.53
Subtotal 1 0.46 0.66 3.32 18.53 38.10 58.53
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.41 2.41
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 3.32 18.53 40.51 60.94
Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 5.96 11.92 19.86
Hedonic Wage Studies 16.53 33.40 61.24
A B C D H P
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.47 1.45 11.60 31.53
Maximum Value 3.05 4.79 7.28 80.26 114.07 138.62
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-48
-------
Table 11—44
INQE)4ENrAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM
Lower Bound Applied 5
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A __ B C D B p
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.30
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.34 0.56
III 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.77 1.98 2.99
I V 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.86 2.00 3.52
v 0.00 0.00 0.42 6.25 14.14 18.97
v i 0.00 0.00 0.12 1.84 3 ,99 6,17
0.0 0.0 0.03 0.29 0.65 1.16
‘v i i i 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.51 1.08 2.04
0.43 0.61 2.27 7.38 15.14 23.36
x 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.48 1.05 187
u.s. 046 0.66 3.32 18.53 40.51 60.94
* Discounted present valu, in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
Lower bound of 110 isicrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-49
-------
• Table 11—45
ThCREME? AL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — P1(10 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
Lower Bound App lj.ds*
Aggregation Proced e
Benefit Category A B C D B
— — — - -
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.55 15.55 15.89
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0,12 15.35 15.35
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.30 1.30 5.68 25.72
- -- - __
Subtotal 1 0.46 0.66 3.33 18.54 38.14 58.71
Indnstria& Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.41 2.41
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 3,33 18.54 40.55 61.12
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 6.00 12.00 19.99
Hedonic Wage Studies 16.61 33.55 61.45
A B C D B P
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.48 11.64 31.71
Maximum Value • 3.05 479 7.29 80.27 114.11 138.80
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubio meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-50
-------
Table 11—46
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 UM/250 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region _ A B C D F
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.30
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.34 0.56
III 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.77 1.98 2.99
x v 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.86 2.00 3.52
v 0.00 0.00 0.42 6.25 14.15 19.00
VI 0.00 0.00 0.12 184 4.00 624
VII 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.29 0.65 1.16
VI I I 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.51 1.08 2.04
0.43 0.61 2.27 7.38 15.14 23.36
I 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.49 1.07 1.95
u.s. 0.46 0.66 3.33 18.54 40.55 61.12
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
5* Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11—51
-------
Table 11—47
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/200 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C - D E F
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.55 15.55 15.89
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 012 0.12 0.12 15.35 15.35
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.34 1.34 5.86 26.43
Subtotal 1 0.46 0.66 3.37 18.59 38.32 59.48
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.44 2.44
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 3.37 18.59 40.76 61.92
Minim Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 6.20 12.41 20.68
Hedonic Wage Studies 17.02 34.38 62.64
A B C D H F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.52 1.51 11.85 32.51
Maximum Value 3.05 4.79 7.33 80.31 114.32 139.60
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
CS Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11—52
-------
Table 11—48
INCREME)fl AL BENEFITS BY REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/200 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D B p
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.31
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.38 0.67
III 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.78 2.00 3.09
IV 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.86 2.00 3.52
v 0.00 0.00 0.43 6.26 14.19 19.15
v i 0.00 0.00 0.12 1.84 4.01 6.29
VII 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.29 0.65 1.19
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.51 1.08 2.05
I X 0.43 0.61 2.28 7.39 15.17 23.47
1 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.50 1.12 2.17
U.S. 0.46 0.66 3.37 18.59 40.76 61.92
* Discounted present value j billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 microgramS per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-53
-------
Table 11—49
IN REMENThL BENEFITS 5
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied 5
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D K F
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.55 15.55 15.89
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 15.35 15.35
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.62 1.62 7.16 32.76
Subtotal 1 0.46 0.66 3.65 18.86 39.63 65.76
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.86 2.86
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 3.65 18.86 42.49 68.61
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 7.63 15.26 25.44
Hedonic Wage Studies 20.26 40.93 72.60
A B C D K F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.80 1.79 13.57 39.21
Maximum Value 3.05 4.79 7.61 80.59 116.05 146.30
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-54
-------
Table 11—50
NCREMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGION 5
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 55 AAMI15O 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E p
I 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.44 1.05
II 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.12 0.47 0.89
III 0.0 0.0 0.10 081 2.15 3.67
0.00 0.00 0.13 0.88 2.13 4.17
V 0.00 0.00 0.48 6.31 14.51 20.10
VI 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.87 4,j5 686
VII 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.30 0.72 1.48
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.22 0.53 1.19 2.65
IX 0.43 0.61 2.34 7.45 15.43 24.80
X 0.00 0.01. 0.14 0 .54 1.29 2.95
___ -
U.S. 0.46 0.66 3.65 18.86 42.49 68.61
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff S.
Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-55
-------
Table 11—51
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — P3(10 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied ’s
Aggregatjo Prooed e
Benefit Category A B C 13 E
-
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.55 15.55 15.89
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 15.35 15,35
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1 7 1.72 7.57 34.65
Subtotal 1 0.46 0.66 3.75 18.97 40.05 67.65
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.30 3.30
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 3 ,75 1897 43•35 70.95
Midpoint Uaximum
Property Value Studies 7.87 15.73 26.22
Hedonic Wage Studies 21.02 42.46 7707
A B C D H P
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.90 1.89 14.43 41.54
Maximum Value 3.05 4s79 7.71 80.70 116.92 148.65
* Discounted present valu, in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per Cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-56
-------
Table 11—52
DIQEMEN AL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggre gat ion Procedure
EPARegion A B C D F
I 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.05 0.21 0.54
0.0 0.0 0.03 0.12 0.45 0.86
0.0 0.0 0.10 0.81 2.19 3.83
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.89 2.15 4.26
V 0.00 0.00 0.54 6.37 15.29 21.45
VI 0.00 0.00 0.16 1.88 4.25 7.29
vu 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.30 0.72 1.46
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.21 0.53 1.16 2.49
0.43 0.61 2.38 7.49 15.68 26.03
x 0.00 0.01 0.13 0.52 1.25 2.74
u.s. 0.46 0.66 3.75 18.97 43.35 70.95
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982 , at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
Lower bound of 110 micrograms p .r cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-57
-------
Table 11—53
INCR EMENTAL BENEFITS
Benef its Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied*
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.41 15.41 15.75
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 15.24 15.24
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.74 1.74 7.64 35.06
Subtotal 1 0.46 0.66 3.77 18.84 39.86 67.82
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.38 3.38
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 3.77 18.84 43.24 71.19
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 7.88 15.75 26.26
Hedonic Wage Studies 21.40 43.23 78.27
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.92 1.90 14.55 42.00
Maximum Value 3.05 4.79 7.73 80.03 116.18 148.26
• Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
• Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-58
-------
Table 11—54
INCRE34ENrAL BENEFITS BY REGION 5
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Appli ed 5
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region A - B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.03 0.22 0.62
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.41 0.78
III 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.81 2.22 3.91
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.89 2.17 4.39
V 0.00 0.00 0.56 6.38 15.40 21.80
VI 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.87 4.20 695
VII 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.30 0.78 1.67
viii 0.02 0.04 0.21 0.53 1.15 2.42
Ix 0.43 0.61 2.40 7.38 15.52 26.23
1 0.00 0.01 0.12 0.51 1.18 2.42
U.S. 0.46 0.66 3.77 18.84 43.24 71.19
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
•* Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-59
-------
Table 11—55
IN REMEN AL BENEFITS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.34 0.34 0.34 15.52 15.52 15.86
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.20 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.76
Chronic Morbidity 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 15.31 15.31
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 2.27 2.27 10.11 46.55
Subtotal 1 0.46. 0.66 4.31 19.48 42.50 79.48
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.11 4.11
Subtotal 2 0.46 0.66 4.31 19.48 46.61 83.59
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 10.46 20.92 34.87
Hedonic Wage Studies 26.64 53.80 92.53
A B C D H p
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 2.45 2.44 17.76 54.25
Maximum Value 3.07 4.81 8.28 81.08 120.02 161.14
* Discoun 1 ted present value in. billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-60
-------
Table 11—56
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated. Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied 5
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E p
I 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.11 0.72 2.00
II 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.14 0.61 1.37
0.0 0.0 0.16 0.87 2.57 5.30
Pt 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.93 2.38 5.36
V 0.00 0.00 0.65 6.48 16.05 23.89
VI 0.00 0.00 0.19 1.91 4,34 7.59
v i i 0.0 0.0 0.08 0.34 1.03 2.64
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.24 0.55 1.29 3.17
0.43 0.61 2.51 7.58 16.19 28.60
x 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.57 1.45 3.67
U.s. 0.46 0.66 4.31 19.48 46.61 83.59
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due t,o
independent roundoffs.
• Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean. applied to
all health categories.
11—61
-------
Table 11—57
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AQM/260 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied *
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.43 0.43 0.43 21.63 21.63 22.06
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.24 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.24
Chronic Morbidity 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 20.51 20.51
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 2.41 2.41 10.74 49.90
Subtotal 1 0.57 0.82 4.99 26.19 54.88 94.71
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.80 4.80
Subtotal 2 0.57 0.82 4.99 26.19 59.68 99.51
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 11.18 22.36 37.26
Hedonic Wage Studies 29.17 58.91 107.14
A B C D B P
Minimum Value 0.16 0.19 2.64 2.62 20.29 59.49
Maximum Value 3.88 6.06 10.08 111.95 161.24 206.31
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
* 5 Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-62
-------
Table 11—58
N REMEN1’AL BENEFITS BY REG ION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region A B C D — E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.06 0.28 0.86
II 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.17 0.59 1.13
III 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.18 3.15 5.62
IV 0.00 0.00 0.18 1.17 2.85 6.01
V 0.00 0.00 0.78 9.13 21.60 30.69
v i 0.00 0.00 0.21 2.55 5.71 9.53
VII 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.43 1.10 2.41
v ii i 0.02 0.04 0.25 0.67 1.47 3.26
ix 0.54 0.76 3.14 10.18 21.38 36.67
x 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.67 1.55 3.31
U.s. 0.57 0.82 4.99 26.19 59.68 99.51
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount ratq of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals duo to
independent roundoffs.
*0 Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic motor TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-63
-------
Table 11—59
IN REMENThL BENEFITS 5
Benefits Accumulated Between 1981 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type B’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
Lower Bound App lied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C — D H F
Mortality 0.43 0.43 0.43 21.78 21.78 22.21
Acute Morb .dity 0.0 0.24 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.24
Chronic Morbidity 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 20.60 20.60
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 3.15 3.15 14.21 66.36
Subtotal 1 0.58 0.82 5.73 27.08 58.59 111.41
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.81 5.81
Subtotal 2 0.58 0.82 5.73 27.08 64.40 117.22
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 14.87 29.74 49.56
Hedonic Wage Studies 36.38 73.48 126.84
A B C D B F
Minimum Value 0.16 0.19 3.38 3.36 24.79 76.99
Maximum Value 3.90 6.08 10.84 113.42 166.61 224.69
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
*5 Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-64
-------
Table 11—60
INCREMEN I’AL BENEFITS BY REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Typo B’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied °
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B -_C D E P
I 0.0 0.0. 0.10 0.14 1.00 2.89
II 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.21 0.88 1.98
III 0.00 0,00 0.23 1.25 3.62 7.54
IV 0.00 0.00 0.23 1.23 3.13 7.35
V 0.00 0.00 0.91 9.26 22.49 33.63
VI 0.00 0.00 0.26 2.60 5.90 10.51
VII 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.48 1.47 3.89
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.29 0.70 1.67 4.32
I x 0.54 0.76 3.29 10.47 22.30 40.02
X 0.01 0.01 0.24 0.75 1.93 5.09
U.S. 0.58 0.82 5.73. 27.08 64.40 117.22
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
• * Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-65
-------
Table 11—61
INt REMENTAL BENEFITS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 70 AAMI25O 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E P
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 7.85 7.85 8.08
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 5.50 5.50
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.46 0.46 2.00 8.84
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 1.79 9.41 16.34 23.55
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.88 0.88
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 1.79 9.41 17.22 24.43
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 2.27 4.54 7.56
Hedonic Wage Studies 6.74 13.62 25.30
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.12 0.13 0.59 0.58 4.15 11.03
Maximum Value 2.06 3.25 4.52 40.91 52.96 62.95
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-66
-------
Table 11—62
NCREMENTAL BENEFITS B! REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 70 AAM/250 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E p
I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
II 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03
III 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.54 1.29 1.76
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.56 1.17 1.66
V 0.0 0.0 0.19 3.51 6.32 8.59
VI 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.00 1.84 2.66
V II 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.19 0.38 054
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.17 0.39 0.76 1.21
IX 0.31 0.42 1.24 3.05 5.13 7.48
X 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.18 0.32 0.50
U.s. 0.34 0.47 1.79 9.41 17.22 24.43
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-67
-------
Table 11—63
INCREMENTAL ENEIT
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 8.83 8.83 9.06
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 6.74 6.74
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.64 0.64 2.83 12.85
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 1.96 10.56 19.38 29.76
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.08 1.08
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 1.96 10.56 20.46 30.84
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.16 6.32 10.54
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.17 18.52 33.11
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.12 0.13 0.77 0.76 5.47 15.52
Maximum Value 2.06 3.25 4.70 45.84 60.93 74.09
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
* * Lower bond of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-68
-------
Table 11—64
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY R GION
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM
Lower Bound App1ied*
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region A B -__C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.29
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.32 0.54
0.0 0.0 0.06 0.76 1.92 2.86
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.69 1.55 2.50
V 0.00 0.00 0.23 3.78 7.07 10.03
VI 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.06 2.00 3.05
v ii 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.23 0.50 0.88
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.18 0.44 0.91 1.64
Ix 0.31 0.42 1.26 3.23 5.60 8.31
1 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.22 0.45 0.76
U.S. 0.34 0.47 1.96 10.56 20.46 30.84
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
5* Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-69
-------
Table 11—65
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D H F
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 8.83 8.83 9.06
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 6.74 6.74
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.64 0.64 2.85 12.93
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 1.97 10.56 19.39 29.84
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.08 1.08
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 1.97 10.56 20.47 30.92
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.18 6.35 10.59
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.20 18.58 33.20
A B C D E F
Minimum Valu 0.12 0.13 0.78 0.77 5.49 15.59
Maximum Value 2.06 3.25 4.70 45.84 60.95 74.16
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
• Lover bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-70
-------
Table 11—66
N REMENrAL BENEFITS BY REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/250 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.29
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.32 0.54
i i i 0.0 0.0 0.06 0.76 1.92 2.86
I V 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.69 1.55 2.50
V 0.00 0.00 0.23 3.78 7.08 10.06
VI 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.06 2.00 3.07
vu 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.23 0.50 0.88
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.18 0.44 0.91 1.64
IX 0.31 0.42 1.26 3.23 5.60 8.31
x 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.23 0.45 0.77
U.s. 0.34 0.47 1.97 10.56 20.47 30.92
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-71
-------
Table 11—67
IN REMEN AL BENEFITS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/200 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied 5
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 8.83 8.83 9.06
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 6.74 6.74
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.67 0.67 2.97 13.44
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 2.00 10.59 19.52 30.35
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.11 1.11
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 2.00 10.59 20.62 31.45
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 3.34 6.67 11.12
Hedonic Wage Studies 9.50 19.18 34.07
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.12 0.13 0,81 0.80 563 16.13
Maximum Value 2.06 3.25 4.73 45.87 61.09 74.70
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-72
-------
Table 11—68
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Aocnmulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAMI200 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Proced re
EPARe 8 i0n A B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.30
II 0 ,0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.37 0.65
III 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.77 1.94 2.96
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.69 1.55 2.50
V 0.00 0.00 0.24 3.79 7.12 10.22
VI 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.06 2.00 3.09
VII 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.23 0.50 0.91
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.18 0.44 0.91 1.64
II 0.31 0.42 1.27 3.24 5.63 8.41
1 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.23 0.46 0.79
u.s. 0.34 0.47 2.00 10.59 20.62 31.45
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-73
-------
Table 11—69
INcREMENTAL BENEFITS 5
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 8.83 8.83 9.06
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 6.73 6.73
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.81 0.81 3.61 16.42
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 2.13 10.73 20.15 33.33
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.37 1.37
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 2.13 10.73 21.53 34.71
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 4.15 8.29 13.82
Hedonic Wage Studies 11.14 22.49 39.14
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0 .12 0.13 0.95 0.93 6.54 19.38
Maximum Value 2.06 3.25 4.87 46.01 61.99 77.95
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
• Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-74
-------
Table 11—70
N REMEN1’AL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Acc mu1ated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 55 AAM/150 24—hr.
Lower Bound Appliodee
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A - B C D E P
I 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.40 0.99
II 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.12 0.45 0.86
III 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.79 2.07 3.48
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.70 1.59 2.71
V 0.00 0.00 0.28 3.82 7.33 10.97
VI 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.07 2.05 3.30
VII 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.24 0.56 1.13
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.19 0.44 0.94 1.76
Ix 0.31 0.42 1.27 3.24 5.63 8.43
x 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.24 0.52 1.07
u.s. 0.34 0.47 2.13 10.73 21.53 34.71
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries ay not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-75
-------
Table 11—71
IN REMEN AL BENEFITS*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 023 0.23 0.23 8.83 8.83 9.06
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.12
chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 6.74 6.74
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.80 0.80 3.57 16.36
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 2.12 10.72 20.13 33.28
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.31 1.31
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 2.12 10.72 21.44 34.60
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 4.07 8.15 13.58
Hedonic Wage Studies 11.18 22.58 39.51
A B C D E P
Minimum Value 0.12 0.13 0.93 0.92 645 19.27
Maximum Value 2.06 3.25 4.86 46.01 61.93 77.86
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
• Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-76
-------
Table 11—72
INc REMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — PM1O 48 AAM/183 24—hr.
Lower Bound AppliedSS
Aggregation Procedure
EPA Region A - B C D E P
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.05 0.18 0.46
II 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.12 0.41 0.80
III 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.79 2.05 3.43
I v 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.70 1.58 2.67
V 0.00 0.00 0.28 3.83 7.48 11.35
VI 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.08 2.08 3.44
VII 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.23 0.56 1.12
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.19 0.44 0.94 1.75
IX 0.31 0.42 1.27 3.24 5.65 8.52
x 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.24 0.51 1.06
U.S. 0.34 0.47 2.12 10.72 21.44 34.60
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries ay not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
* Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-77
-------
Table 11—73
INCHEMENFAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 8.73 8.73 8.97
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 6.68 6.68
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.81 0.81 3.62 16.62
Subtotal 1 0.34 0.47 2.13 10.63 20.02 33.39
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.31 1.31
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 2.13 10.63 21.33 34.70
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 4.14 8.28 13.80
Hedonic Wage Studies 11.43 13.08 40.12
A B C D E F
Minimum Value 0.12 0.13 0.94 0.93 6.47 19.51
Maximum Value 2.07 3.25 4.87 45.55 61.40 77.55
S Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
* Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-78
-------
Table 11—74
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGION*
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied 55
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.05 0.19 0.50
II 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.11 0.36 0.69
III 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.79 2.05 3.43
Iv 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.70 1.60 2.83
V 0.00 0.00 0.29 3.79 7.48 11.52
VI 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.07 2.05 3.28
VII 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.24 0.59 1.27
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.19 0.44 0.92 1.67
Ix 0.31 0.42 1.27 3.21 5.57 8.45
x 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.24 0.52 1.07
u.s. 0.34 0.47 2.13 10.63 21.33 34.70
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all hóalth categories.
11-79
-------
Table 11—75
INCREMENTAL BE EFITS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.23 0.23 0.23 8.97 8.97 9.21
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.13 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.12
Chronic Morbidity 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 7.02 7.02
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.05 1.05 4.76 22.11
Subtotal 1 0.34 .0.47 2.38 11.12 21.75 39.46
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.73 1.73
Subtotal 2 0.34 0.47 2.38 11.12 23.47 41.18
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 5.68 11.36 18.94
Hedonic Wage Studies 14.44 29.18 49.05
A B C D H F
Minimum Value 0.12 0.13 1.19 1.18 8.12 25.49
Maximum Value 2.07 3.26 5.12 46.97 64.74 85.22
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-80
-------
Table 11—76
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS B! REGI0N
Benefits Accumulated Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr. 7—yr.
Lower Bound Applied 55
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.09 0.49 1.36
II 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.13 0.50 1.13
III 0.0 0.0 0.13 0.83 2.28 4.44
IV 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.71 1.68 3.24
V 0.00 0.00 0.36 3.87 7.94 12.95
VI 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.33 2.77 4.63
VII 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.26 0.69 1.69
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.19 0.44 095 1.84
Ix 0.31 0.42 1.28 3.21 5.60 8.60
X 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.25 0.57 1.31
u.s. 0.34 0.47 2.38 11.12 23.47 41.18
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
* * Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11—81
-------
Table 11—77
NCREME AL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AGM/260 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.31 0.31 0.31 12.37 12.37 12.67
Acute Morbidity 0.0 0.17 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.51
Chronic Morbidity 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 9.14 9.14
Household Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 1.12 1.12 5.07 23.64
Subtotal 1 0.44 0.60 2.89 14.95 27.92 46.96
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.83 1.83
Subtotal 2 0.44 0.60 2.89 14.95 29.75 48.79
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 5.87 11.75 19.58
Hedonic Wage Studies 15.62 31.56 54.97
A B C D H F
Minimum Value 0.14 0.16 1.28 1.27 9.02 27.62
Maximum Value 2.74 4.28 6.57 64.33 86.18 108.89
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-82
-------
Table 11—78
INI. REMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 75 AQM/260 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied 55
Aggregation Procedure
EPARogion A B C _ D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.06 0.23 0.70
II 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.17 052 0.99
III 0.00 0.00 0.12 1.14 2.90 4.93
IV 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.93 2.12 3.86
V 0.00 0.00 0.41 5.43 10.52 16.28
VI 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.51 2.95 4.71
VII 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.35 0.87 1.85
VIII 0.02 0.04 0.22 0.55 1.17 2.19
IX 0.40 0.55 1.75 4.49 7.77 11.82
x 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.31 0.69 1.46
u.s. 0.44 0.60 2.89 14.95 29.75 48.79
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Eatties may not add to totals due to
independent roundoff a.
• Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-83
-------
Table 11—79
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS *
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied**
Aggregation Procedure
Benefit Category A B C D E F
Mortality 0.31 0.31 0.31 12.71 12.71 13.01
Acute Morbida.ty 0.0. 0.17 1.34 1.34 1,34 1.51
Chronic Morbidity 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 9.61 9.61
Household Soiling
and Materials. 0.0 0.0 1.46 1.46 6.70 31.50
Subtotal 1 0.44 0.60 3.23 15.64 30.35 55.63
Industrial Soiling
and Materials 0.0 0%0 0.0 0.0 2.42 2.42
Subtotal 2 0.44 0.60 3.23 15.64 32.77 58.05
Minimum Midpoint Maximum
Property Value Studies 8.08 16.17 26.95
Hedonic Wage Studies 19.81 40.02 67.36
A B C D H. P
Minimum Vslue 0.14 0.16 1.63 1.61 11.34 36.18
Maximum Value 2.74 4.28 6.91 66.34 4fl 2* 119.83
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
** Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-84
-------
Table 11—80
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS BY REGIONS
Benefits Accumulated Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: ‘Type A’ — TSP 150 24—hr.
Lower Bound Applied 55
Aggregation Procedure
EPARegion A B C D E F
I 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.11 0.66 1.95
II 0.0 0.0 0.06 0.19 0.72 1.61
III 0.00 0.00 0.18 1.20 3.21 6.28
IV 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.95 2.23 4.44
V 0.00 0.00 0.50 5.54 11.18 18.30
VI 0.00 0.00 0.14 1.88 3.96 6.60
VII 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.38 1.02 2.55
v i i i 0.02 0.04 0.23 0.56 1.22 2.47
U 0.40 0.55 1.76 4.50 7.81 12.03
1 0.00 0.01 0.10 0.33 0.76 1.82
u.s. 0.44 0.60 3.23 15.64 32.77 58.05
* Discounted present value in billions of 1980 dollars in 1982, at a
discount rate of 10 percent. Entries may not add to totals due to
independent roundoffs.
• Lower bound of 110 micrograms per cubic meter TSP annual mean applied to
all health categories.
11-85
-------
Table 11—81
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 286 286 286 3227 3227 3513
Work Loss Days (3) 84 1656 11654 11654 37455 39027
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 858 8788 55184 55184 54325 62255
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 17 957 957 1141 1150
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 2644 N.A. N.A. N.A. NA.
Chronic Incidents (6) 159 159 159 159 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this coluan reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidances of chroni respira-
tory disease.
11-86
-------
Table 11—82
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM. ‘Type B
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) p(j.)
Mortality Risk (2) 431 431 431 5726 5726 6157
Work Loss Days (3) 85 2866 20501 20501 76519 79300
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 14928 98843 98843 97982 112048
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 24 1699 1699 2106 2122
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 4690 N.A. N.A. LA. NA.
chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-87
-------
Table 11—83
NCREMEN1’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM.i0 — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 433 433 433 5754 5754 6187
Work Loss Days (3) 85 2884 20628 20628 76787 79586
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 15020 99468 99468 98607 112766
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 24 1710 1710 2118. 2134
Acute Incidents (5) LA. 4721 LA. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in. risk by the size of each exposed population,
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-88
-------
Table 11—84
D4CREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAMI200 24—hr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 441 441 441 5878 5878 6319
Work Loss Days (3) 85 2964 21154 21154 78404 81283
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861. 15410 101963 101963 101102 115651
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 25 1753 1753 2168 2185
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 4851 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed populatjoia.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
S — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-89
-------
Table 11—85
NCRFJ(ENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/15O 24—hr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 491 491 491 6926 6926 7417
Work Loss Days (3) 85 3585 25289 25289 93658 97158
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 18507 122104 122104 121243 138889
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 28 2094 2094 2592 2612
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 5884 N.A. LA. N.A. NA.
ronjc Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in. this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in. millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
S — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidenoes of chronic respira—
tory disease.
11-90
-------
Table 11—86
INCREMEN1’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECIS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 48 AAM/183 24—br. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 510 510 510 7504 7504 8013
Work Loss Days (3) 85 3764 26728 26728 102945 106624
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 19454 129790 129790 128929 147522
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 29 2220 2220 2775 2796
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 6199 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at ‘work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the siz, of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-91
-------
Table 11—87
INCREMENrAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AQM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 513 513 513 7555 7555 8069
Work Loss Days (3) 85 3796 27289 27289 105708 109419
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 19593 132749 132749 131888 150620
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 30 2268 2268 2840 2861
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 6245 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in. this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in. millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-92
-------
Table 11—88
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 587 587 587 9253 9253 9840
Work Loss Days (3) 85 4871 33901 33901 125586 130373
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 25114 166342 166342 165481 189733
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 36 2832 2832 3500 3528
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 8086 N.A. NA. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed popuhatioL
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-93
-------
Table 11—89
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AGMI26O 24—hr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(i,)
Mortality Risk (2) 503 503 503 7592 7592 8096
Work Loss Days (3) 75 3779 27188 27188 105472 109177
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 759 19520 132909 132909 132150 150910
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 28 2263 2263 2833 2854
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 6255 N.A. N.A. N.A. LA.
Chronic In jdents (6) 141 141 141 141 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days t
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by, multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed populatj o .
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in. thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidenoes of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-94
-------
Table 11—90
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. ‘Type B’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 575 575 575 9298 9298 9873
Work Loss Days (3) 75 4852 33743 33743 124779 129557
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 759 25035 166207 166207 165447 189723
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 35 2821 2821 3483 3510
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 8094 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 141 141 141 141 NA. LA.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than ‘work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982,
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-95
-------
Table 11—91
INCREMENTAL REDUC I0N IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) P(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 197 197 197 2096 2096 2293
Work Loss Days (3) 71 1093 7555 7555 20928 21949
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 5890 35626 35626 34902 40068
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 13 621 621 714 720
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 1722 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. Por this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-96
-------
Table 11—92
NCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) p(j.)
Mortality Risk (2) 255 255 255 2853 2853 3108
Work Loss Days (3) 71 1516 10517 10517 33004 34448
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 8090 50625 50625 49901 57268
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 16 876 876 1037 1045
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 2456 N.A. N.A. N.A. LA.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. NA.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work lof a days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-97
-------
Table 11—93
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 256 256 256 2865 2865 3121
Work Loss Days (3) 71 1523 10570 105’70 33145 34597
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 8129 50898 50898 50174 57580
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 16 881 881 1042 1050
Acute Incidentà (5) N.A. 2469 N.A. N.A. NA. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-98
-------
Table 11—94
INCRBMEN AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/200 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 261 261 261 2951 2951 3212
Work Loss Days (3) 71 1577 10936 10936 34421 ‘35926
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 8398 52693 52693 51969 59643
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 16 911 911 1079 1088
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 2558 N.A. N.A. N.A. NA.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidenoes of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-99
-------
Table 11—95
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/150 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 287 287 287 3441 3441 3728
Work Loss Days (3) 71 1877 12831 12831 41280 43086
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 9919 - 62116 62116 61392 70587
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 18 1072 1072 1276 1287
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 3066 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic I gidø t* (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incideuces of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-100
-------
Table 11—96
flWREM NTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 48 A.AM/183 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(i) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 290 290 290 3465 3465 3755
Work Loss Days (3) 71 1879 13029 13029 42487 44294
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 9939 63177 63177 62453 71668
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 18 1089 1089 1301 1312
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 3072 NA. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported day-s spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
‘work are reported as work loss days.
2 Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11—101
-------
Table 11—97
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 289 289 289 3493 3493 3782
Work Loss Days (3) 72 1909 13301 13301 43612 45450
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 726 10096 64621 64621 63895 73266
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 18 1113 1113 1331 1342
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 3124 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incid t* (6) 135 135 135 135 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by th. size of each exposed populatioL
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidencea of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-102
-------
Table 11—98
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE EEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C — D E(1) P(j.)
Mortality Risk (2) 329 329 329 4346 4346 4675
Work Loss Days (3) 72 2466 16786 16786 55245 57640
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 726 12859 81414 81414 80688 92822
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 21 1402 1402 1680 1694
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 4045 NA. NA. N.A. LA.
Chronic Incidents (6) 135 135 135 135 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-103
-------
Table 11—99
INCREMEN1’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AQM/260 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 285 285 285 3502 3502 3787
Work Loss Days (3) 64 1898 13267 13267 43721 45555
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 654 10037 64868 64868 64214 73598
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 6 17 1115 1115 1335 1346
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 3129 N.A. N.A. N.A. NA.
chronic I cjdents (6) 121 121 121 121 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-104
-------
Table 11—100
NCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. ‘Type A’
No Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(l) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 324 324 324 4365 4365 4689
Work Loss Days (3) 64 2461 16811 16811 55379 57775
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 654 12833 82011 82011 81357 93536
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 6 20 1409 1409 1689 1703
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 4061 N.A. NA. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 121 121 121 121 LA. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-105
-------
Table 1.1—101
INCREMENTAL REDUC I0N IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PMI.O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) P(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 83 83 83 3046 3046 3129
Work Loss Days (3) 84 297 1726 1726 25792 26005
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 858 1983 7996 7996 7138 8263
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 139 139 309 311
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 375 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 159 159 159 159 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
S — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira—
tory disease.
11-106
-------
Table 11—102
INCREMENTAL REDUC I0N IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAL ‘Type B’
Lower Bdund Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(i.) 1 (1)
Mortality Risk (2) 89 89 89 3970 3970 4059
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 37069 37300
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 402 403
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 407 N.A. N.A. LA. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as ‘work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average, in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-107
-------
Table 11—103
INCREMEN1 AL R.EDUCrION IN ADVERSE HEALTH r L’LtCTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 89 89 89 3970 3970 4059
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 37069 37300
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 402 403
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 407 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 LA. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease!
11-108
-------
Table 11—104
IN EMEN AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/200 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C — D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 89 89 89 3970 3970 4059
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 37069 37300
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct• Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 402 403
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 407 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
ChroMe Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A, N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-109
-------
Table 11—105
IN(!REMEN AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAMI15O 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 89 89 89 3970 3970 4059
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 37071 37302
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 402 403
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 407 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — On. of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by th. size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11—110
-------
Table 11—106
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 48 AAMI183 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) PU .)
Mortality Risk (2) 89 89 89 3971 3971 4060
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 370’77 37308
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 402 403
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 407 N.A. LA. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this colunn reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each. exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11—111
-------
Table 11—107
NCREMEN I’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 89 89 89 3934 3934 4024
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 36812 37042
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 400 401
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 401 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11 -112
-------
Table 11—108
INCREMEN I’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Typá B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(l)
Mortality Risk (2) 90 90 90 3961 3961 4051
Work Loss Days (3) 85 316 1894 1894 36964 37195
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 861 2083 8846 8846 7985 9206
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 8 10 151 151 401 402
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 407 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 160 160 160 160 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this colnan reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira—
tory disease.
11—113
-------
Table 11—109
NCREMEN1’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 81 81 81 3872 3872 3954
Work Loss Days (3) 75 286 1754 1754 35980 36192
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 759 1881 8238 8238 7479 8601
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 137 137 381 382
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 374 N.A. LA. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 141 141 141 141 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11—114
-------
Table 11—110
INCREMEN1’AL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. ‘Type B’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 82 82 82 3899 3899 3981
Work Loss Days (3) 75 286 1754 1754 36133 36345
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 759 1881 8238 8238 7479 8601
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 137 137 382 383
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 374 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 141 141 141 141 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than tori loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual averag, in thousands of incidenoes of chronic respira—
tory disease.
11-115
-------
Table 11—111
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 70 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 1994 1994 2055
Work Loss Days (3) 71 225 1216 1216 13610 13763
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 1539 5581 5581 4857 5672
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 184 185
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 272 N.A. N.A. N.A. NA.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Esti**tOCi by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
S — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
ii— 116
-------
Table 11—112
NCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTh EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(i.) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 2245 2245 2305
Work Loss Days (3) 71 225 1216 1216 16611 16764
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 1539 5582 5582 4858 5673
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 206 207
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 272 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss 4 sys. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
S — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respira.tory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-117
-------
Table 11—113
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EPFEC S
Annual Averages Between. 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/250 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 2245 2245 2305
Work Loss Days (3) 71 225 1216 1216 16611 16764
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 1539 5582 5582 4858 5673
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 206 207
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 272 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A,
chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
S — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidenoes of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11—118
-------
Table 11—114
INCREMENTAL REDUC1’ION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAM/200 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 2245 2245 2305
Work Loss Days (3) 71 225 1216 1216 16611 16764
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 1539 5582 5582 4858 5673
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 3 98 98 206 207
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 272 N.A. N.A. NA. NA.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. NA.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidenoes of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-119
-------
Table 11—115
NCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 55 AAN/150 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 2245 2245 2305
Work Loss Days (3) 71 225 1216 1216 16609 16762
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 1540 5584 5584 4860 5675
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 206 207
Acute Incidents (5) NA. 272 NA. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. NA.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-120
-------
Table 11—116
NCREMEN AL RED1 CrION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: PM1O — 48 AAM/183 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(i.) F(1) —
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 2246 2246 2306
Work Loss Days (3) 71 225 1216 1216 16620 16773
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 724 1539 5582 5582 4858 5673
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 206 207
Acute Incidents (5) M.A. 272 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 134 134 134 134 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidenoes of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11—121
-------
Table 11—117
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D 2(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 60 60 60 2221 2221 2282
Work Loss Days (3) 72 225 1219 1219 16497 16651
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 726 1543 5595 5595 4870 5687
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 205 206
Acute Incidents (5) LA. 272 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 135 135 135 135 N.A. N.A.
1 — On. of the isodels in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual averag, in. thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidences of chroni.c respira-
tory disease.
11-122
-------
Table 11—118
REME AL R.EDUCrI0N IN ADVERSE BEALTE EFFECIS
Annual Averages Between 1989 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. 7—yr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Eealth Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 61 61 61 2282 2282 2342
Work Loss Days (3) 72 225 1219 1219 17231 17385
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 726 1543 5596 5596 4870 5687
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 7 8 98 98 210 211
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 272 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chronic Incidents (6) 135 135 135 135 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-123
-------
Table 11—119
INCREMENTAL REDUCTION IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 75 AGM/260 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 57 57 57 2202 2202 2259
Work Loss Days (3) 64 210 1178 1178 16382 16528
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 654 1428 5472 5472 4818 5593
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 6 7 95 95 202 203
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 258 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 121 121 121 121 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of incidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-124
-------
Table 11—120
NCREMEN1’AL REDUC I0N IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Annual Averages Between 1987 and 1995
Scenario: TSP — 150 24—hr. ‘Type A’
Lower Bound Applied
Aggregation Procedure
Health Effect Category A B C D E(1) F(1)
Mortality Risk (2) 57 57 57 2262 2262 2319
Work Loss Days (3) 64 210 1178 1178 17112 17258
Reduced Activity
Days (3) 654 1428 5473 5473 4819 5593
Direct Medical
Expenditures (4) 6 7 95 95 207 208
Acute Incidents (5) N.A. 258 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
chronic Incidents (6) 121 121 121 121 N.A. N.A.
1 — One of the models in this column reported days spent at work
rather than work loss days. For this model reduced days at
work are reported as work loss days.
2 — Annual average mortality risk. Estimated by multiplying the
change in risk by the size of each exposed population.
3 — Annual average in thousands.
4 — Annualized average in millions of 1980 dollars in 1982.
5 — Annual average in thousands of acute incidents of respiratory
disease.
6 — Annual average in thousands of inoidences of chronic respira-
tory disease.
11-125
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