U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
•frGPO 697.O32
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REPORT
ON
CRANBERRY U\KE
CROW WING COUNTY
MINNESOTA
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 138
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MINNESOTA POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
AND THE
MINNESOTA NATIONAL GUARD
JULY, 1975
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I
h.ONTENTS
Page
Foreword ii
List of Minnesota Study Lakes iv, v
Lake and Drainage Area Map vi
Sections
I. Introduction 1
II. Conclusions 1
III. Lake Characteristics 3
IV. Lake Water Quality Sun iiary 4
V. Literature Reviewed 7
VI. Appendix 8
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11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS*
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [ 3O3(c)], clean lakes [ 314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [ lO6 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
* The lake discussed in this report was included in the National
Eutrophication Survey as a water body of interest to the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency. Tributaries were not sampled, and this
report relates only to the data obtained from lake sampling.
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111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency for professional involvement and to the Minnesota National
Guard for conducting the tributary sampling phase of the Survey.
Grant J. Merritt, Director of the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency, John F. McGuire, Chief, and Joel G. Schilling, Biologist,
of the Section of Surface and Groundwater, Division of Water Quality,
provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during the course
of the Survey; and the staff of the Section of Municipal Works, Divi-
sion of Water Quality, were most helpful in identifying point sources
and soliciting municipal participation in the Survey.
Major General Chester J. Moeglein, the Adjutant General of
Minnesota, and Project Officer Major Adrian Beltrand, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the Minnesota National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MINNESOTA
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Albert Lea Freeborn
Andrusia Beltrami
Badger Polk
Bartlett Koochiching
Bear Freeborn
Bemidji Beltrami
Big Stearns
Big Stone Big Stone, MN; Roberts,
Grant, SD
Birch Cass
Blackduck Beltrami
Blackhoof Crow Wing
Budd Martin
Buffalo Wright
Calhoun Hennepin
Carlos Douglas
Carrigan Wright
Cass Beltrami, Cass
Clearwater Wright, Stearns
Cokato Wright
Cranberry Crow Wing
Darling Douglas
Elbow St. Louis
Embarass St. Louis
Fall Lake
Forest Washington
Green Kandiyohi
Gull Cass
Heron Jackson
Leech Cass
Le Home Dieu Douglas
Lily Blue Earth
Little Grant
Lost St. Louis
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V
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Madison Blue Earth
Mal medal Pope
Mashkenode St. Louis
McQuade St. Louis
Minnetonka Hennepin
Minnewaska Pope
Mud Itasca
Nest Kandiyohi
Pelican St. Louis
Pepin Goodhue, Wabasha, MN;
Pierce, Pepin, WI
Rabbit Crow Wing
Sakatah Le Sueur
Shagawa St. Louis
Silver McLeod
Six Mile St. Louis
Spring Washington, Dakota
St. Croix Washington, MN; St. Croix,
Pierce, WI
St. Louis Bay St. Louis, MN; Douglas, WI
Superior Bay St. Louis, MN; Douglas, WI
Swan Itasca
Trace Todd
Trout Itasca
Wagonga Kandiyohi
Wailmark Chisago
White Bear Washington
Winona Douglas
Wolf Beltrami, Hubbard
Woodcock Kandiyohi
Zumbro Olmstead, Wabasha
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4._’• I
,:
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a.-.
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Map Location
4642’30”—
CRANBERRY LAKE
X Lake Sampling Site
1/4 Mi .
Scale
9( 02’OO”
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CRANBERRY LAKE
STORE! NO. 2720
I. INTRODUCTION
Cranberry Lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey as
a water body of interest to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Tribu-
taries were not sampled, and nutrient sources were not evaluated. Therefore,
this report relates only to the lake sampling data.
II. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data show that Cranberry Lake is eutrophic. Of the
60 Minnesota lakes sampled in the fall when essentially all were
well-mixed, nine had less mean total phosphorus, 12 had less mean
dissolved phosphorus, and 26 had less mean inorganic nitrogen.
Of the 80 Minnesota lakes sampled, 52 had less mean chlorophyll a_,
and 39 had greater mean Secchi disc transparency. Dissolved
oxygen was nearly depleted at 30 feet in September, 1972.
Phytoplankton counts were relatively high, and blue-green
algae were dominate in the September and October samples.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
A 38% loss of dissolved phosphorus occurred in the algal
assay sample between the time of collection and the beginning of
the assay, and the results are not indicative of conditions in
the lake at the time the sample was taken (10/24/72).
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2
The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in July (N/P ratio
= 8/1) and October (N/P = 11/1) but phosphorus limitation in
September (N/P = 35/1).
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3
III. LAKE CHARACTERISTICS
A. Morphometry:
1. Surface area: 20 acres*.
2. Mean depth: unknown.
3. Maximum depth: >30 feet (based on Survey sampling).
4. Volume: unknown.
B. Precipitation**:
1. Year of sampling: 28.8 inches.
2. Mean annual : 24.8 inches.
* Anonymous, 1968.
** See Working Paper No. 1, “Survey Methods, 1972”.
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4
IV. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Cranberry Lake was sampled three times during the open—water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from one or
more depths at a single station on the lake (see map, page vi). During
each visit, a single depth-integrated (15 feet or near bottom to surface)
sample was collected for phytoplankton identification and enumeration,
and a similar sample was collected for chlorophyll a analysis. During
the last visit, a single five—gallon depth—integrated sample was taken
for algal assays. The maximum depth sampled was 30 feet.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix A, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well—
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling
times, refer to Appendix A.
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5
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
(10/24/72)
Parameter Minimum Mean Median Maximum
Temperature (Cent.) 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2
Dissolved oxygen (mg/i) 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.0
Conductivity ( .imhos) 108 111 111 115
pH (units) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.2
Alkalinity (mg/i) 41 42 42 42
Total P (mg/i) 0.017 0.025 0.027 0.030
Dissolved P (mg/i) 0.011 0.016 0.015 0.020
NO 2 + N03 (mg/i) 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
Ammonia (mg/i) 0.150 0.153 0.150 0.160
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches)
14 46
45 80
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6
B. Biological characteristics:
1 . Phytoplankton —
Sampling Dominant Number
Date Genera per ml
07/02/72 1. Flagellates 9,140
2. Synedra 1 ,448
3. Fragilaria 1,448
4. Cryptomonas 498
5. Dinobryon 226
Other genera 588
Total 13,348
09/04/72 1. Oscillatoria 1,989
2. Microcystis 922
3. Melosira 199
4. Anabaena 199
5. Flagellates 199
Other genera 760
Total 4,268
10/24/72 1. Anabaena 1,759
2. Scenedesmus 1,281
3. Flagellates 955
4. Pediastrum 678
5. Dinobryon 502
Other genera 1 ,383
Total 6,558
2. Chlorophyll a -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a
Date Number ( pg/i )
07/02/72 01 45.1
09/04/72 01 32.8
10/24/72 01 12.6
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V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Anonymous, 1968. An inventory of Minnesota lakes. Bull No. 25,
MN Cons. Dept., St. Paul.
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APPENDIX A
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
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STOPEI ET IEVAL DATE 74/10/30
?7200 1
46 23 55.0 093 46 33.0
C- ANAERPY LAKE
27 MINNESOTA
I 1EPALFS
I
2111202
0003 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FPOM
TO
72/0 7/0?
72/09/0 ’
72/10/? ’
TIME OE TH
OF
DAY FEET
10 30 0000
14 10 0000
IS 4 0000
32717
CNL PHYL
4
tJG/L
45. IJ
0001’.
00100
00077
00094
00400
00410
00630
00610
00665
00666
DATE
TIME
0E0Tr I
wAT ’ P
DO
TRANSP
CNDUCTVY
PH
1 ALK
NO2 .NO3
Nt-$3—N
PHOS—TOT
PHOS—DIS
FROM
OF
TEMP
SECCHI
FIELD
CACO3
N—TOTAL
TOTAL
TO
DAY
FEET
CENT
MG/L
INCHES
MICROMMO
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
HG/L P
72/07/02
10 30 0000
2.3
6.2
I ’ .
60
7.20
19
0.090
0.120
0.168
0.025
72/09/04
14 10 0000
80
87
7.30
33
0.100
0.140
0.024
0.027
14 10 0004
18.3
.8
80
7.1 5
30
0.090
0.100
0.021
0.013
14 10 0015
10.6
0.7
120
6.85
50
0.090
0.140
0.027
0.009
14 10 0030
‘ ..5
0.3
160
6.70
65
0.110
1.610
0.029
0.018
72/10/74
15 45 0000
115
7.20
4?
0.030
0.150
0.017
0.011
15 45 0004
5.2
9.0
112
7.00
42
0.030
0.150
0.026
0.014
15 45 0015
5.2
9.0
112
7.00
42
0.030
0.150
0.030
0.019
15 ‘.5 0020
5.2
8.8
110
7.00
41
0.030
0.150
0.029
0.020
IS 45 0025
5.1
8.9
108
7.00
42
0.030
0.160
0.030
0.017
15 45 0030
5.1
M.8
110
7.00
41
0.030
0.160
0.021
0.014
J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR
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