U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
LONG LAKE
CUMBERLAND COUNTY
EPA REGION I
WORKING PAPER No,
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
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REPORT
ON
LONG LAKE
CUMBERLAND COUNTY
MINE
EPA REGION I
WORKING PAPER No,
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AND THE
MAINE NATIONAL GUARD
MAY, 1974
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1
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword ii
List of Maine Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Introduction 2
III. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 3
IV. Lake Water Quality Summary 4
V. Nutrient Loadings 8
VI. Literature Reviewed 13
VII. Appendices 14
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11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 as a
research project in response to an Administration commitment to
investigate the nationwide threat of accelerated eutrophication to
fresh water lakes and reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations
and impact on selected fresh water lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations and impacts can, in fact, be
constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
This report documents the first stage of evaluation of lake and
watershed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin.
It is formatted to provide state environmental agencies with specific
information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water quality criteria!
standards review [ g303(c)J, clean lakes [ 3l4(a,b)], and water quality
monitoring [ g106 and §305(b)] activities mandated by the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic
condition are being made to advance the rationale and data base
for refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Maine Department of
Environmental Protection for professional involvement and to the
Maine National Guard for conduct of the tributary sampling phase
of the Survey.
William R. Adams, Commissioner of the Department of Environmental
Protection, and William P. Hinckley and Matthew Scott of the Division
of Lakes and Biological Studies, provided invaluable lake documentation
and counsel during the course of the study.
Major General Edwin W. Heywood (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Maine, and Project Officer Lieutenant Colonel Earl B. Adams
who directed the volunteer efforts of the forty-one participating Maine
National Guardsmen are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance
to the Survey.
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iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MAINE
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Moosehead Lake Piscataquis, Somerset
Estes Lake York
Long Lake Cumberland
Bay of Naples & Sebago Lake Cumberland
Rangeley Lake Franklin
Long Lake Aroostook
Mattawamkeag Lake Aroostook
Sebasticook Lake Penobscot
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/
LONG LAKE
® Tributary Sampling Site
X Lake Sampling Site
Sewage Treatment Facility
‘ ,- Direct Zfrainage Area Limits
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LONG LAKE, CUMBERLAND COUNTY
STORET NO. 2306
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data indicate Long Lake is mesotrophic, and agency
personnel of the State of Maine confirm this conclusion.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
Algal assay results indicate that phosphorus was the
limiting nutrient at the time the assay sample was collected.
C. Nutrient Sources; Controllability:
1. Point Sources - A regional waste collection and treat-
ment system is planned to serve the communities of Bridgeton
and Harrison and dwellings along the west side of the lake.
When this facility becomes operational, it is estimated that
the phosphorus loading from this source alone will exceed the
existing phosphorus loading to Long Lake from all sources. It
is concluded that phosphorus removal at the regional treatment
facility will be required to protect Long Lake and other lakes
in the Presumpscot River chain.
2. Non-Point Sources - Non-point source phosphorus loading
entering the lake through tributaries or direct runoff presently
amounts to 77.5% of the total (65.7% for N), however, these
figures include substantial contributions from unsewered wastes
by the west shore communities. Incorporation of these discharges
into the proposed regional facility will reduce non-point impact.
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2
II. INTRODUCTION
Long Lake, Cumberland County, is bounded by the townships of Bridgeton,
Harrison, and Naples and is one of the three dominant water bodies on the
upper Presumpscot River. The lake is used almost exclusively for recreational
purposes and supports cold water species of fish.
Light industries are situated near the lake but reportedly have little
effect on water quality. Also, a Bridgeton sewage treatment facility is
planned that will serve some of the other communities.
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3
III. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry:
1. Surface area: 4,867 acres
2. Mean depth: 34 feet
3. Maximum depth: 59 feet
4. Volume: 165,478 acre/ft
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 1.2 years
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix A for flow data)
1. Tributaries —
Name _______________
Stevens Brook
Rogers Brook
Smith Brook
Bear River
Crystal Lake outlet
Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage - _________ _________
Totals
2. Outlet -
Long Lake - Bay of Naples
connection - 114.0 mi 2 * 194.3 cfs
C. Precipitation**:
1. Year of sampling: 50.1 inches
2. Mean annual: 42.8 inches
*Includes area of lake
**See Working Paper No. 1, “Survey Methods.”
tDrainage areas are accurate within ±1% and mean annual flows within ±5%.
Drainage area
41.6 mi 2
3.9 mi 2
4.8 mi 2
18.4 mi 2
8.6 mi 2
29.1 mi 2
106.4 m1 2
Mean flowt
70.4 cfs
8.0 cfs
8.4 cfs
30.5 cfs
14.8 cfs
62.2 cfs
194.3 cfs
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4
IV. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Long Lake was sampled three times during the open—water season of
1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time, samples
for physical and chemical parameters were collected from three stations
on the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see map, page v).
During each visit a single depth-integrated (15 ft. to surface) sample
was composited from the three stations for phytoplankton identification
and enumeration; and during the last visit, a single five—gallon depth-
integrated sample was composited for algal assays. Also, each time
depth-integrated samples were collected at the stations for chlorophyll a
analyses. Maximum depths sampled were 26 feet at station 1, 20 feet at
station 2, and 22 feet at station 3.
It should be noted that the Survey Secchi disc values are consistently
less than those observed by the Maine Department of Environmental
Protection. Such variations could be attributed to fluctuations in cloud
cover or sun angle (ambient light conditions), observer technique, water
surface disturbance, or may, in fact, be the result of short-term water
clarity differences.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix B, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake was essentially well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all samples.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling times,
refer to Appendix B.
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5
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
(10/02/72)
Parameter Minimum Mean Median Maximum
Temperature (Cent.) 16.4 16.9 16.9 17.2
Dissolved oxygen (mg/i) 7.7 8.2 8.2 8.5
Conductivity (.pmhos) 50 50 50 50
pH (units) 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.8
Alkalinity (mg/i) 10 10 10 10
Total P (mg/i) 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.013
Dissolved P (mg/i) 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.011
NO + NO (mg/i) 0.030 0.032 0.030 0.040
Am onia ?mg/1) 0.040 0.047 0.045 0.060
ALL SAMPLES
Secchi disc (inches) 108 135 120 216
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytopiankton* -
Sampling Dominant Number
Date Genera per ml
10/02/72 1. Flagellates 1,357
2. Polycystis 879
3. Chroococcus 704
4. Dinobryon 352
5. Synedra 352
Other genera 1 ,607
Total 5,251
* The other phytoplankton samples were lost in transit.
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6
Spike (mci/i )
Control
0.006 P
0.012 P
0.024 P
0.060 P
0.060 P + 10.0 N
10.0 N
01
02
03
01
02
03
Maximum yield
( mg/i-dry wt. )
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.7
38.4
0.3
2. Chlorophyll a -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent;
personnel of the Maine Dept. of Environmental Protection believe
these values are too low.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a
Date Number ( pg/i )
06/03/72 01 3.3
02 5.3
03 1.3
08/07/72 2.8
2.6
4.9
10/02/72 3.9
1 .8
2.8
C. Limitng Nutrient Study:
1. Autociaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked -
Ortho P Inorganic N
___________ Conc. (mg/i) Conc. (mg/i )
0.003 0.028
0.009 0.028
0.015 0.028
0.027 0.028
0.063 0.028
0.063 10.028
0.003 10.028
2. Discussion -
The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
cornutum,indicates that potential productivity of Long Lake
was relatively low at the time the sample was collected.
Also, the increasing yields with the increasing increments
of orthophosphorus (to about 0.015 mg/i) show that Long Lake
was phosphorus limited. At ortho-P concentrations higher
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7
than about 0.015 mg/i , however, yields do not increase until
nitrogen is also added, which indicates the lake would probably
become nitrogen limited if ortho-P concentrations were increased
beyond 0.015 mg/i . Note that the addition of only nitrogen pro-
duced a yield not significantly different than the control yield.
D. Trophic Condition:
Based on the data collected during the Survey, Long Lake appears
to be mesotrophic although Survey limnologiStS noted that the ap-
pearance of the lake was generally good during all sampling periods.
Nutrient levels in Long Lake were relatively low as was chloro-
phyll a. However, there was marked depression of dissolved oxygen
below 15 feet at station 1 in August, and Ciullo (1971) also
noted some dissolved oxygen depression in August of 1970.
Personnel of the Maine Department of Environmental Protection
consider Long Lake to be mesotrophic; Ciullo (1972) is of the same
opinion.
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8
V. NUTRIENT LOADINGS*
(See Appendix B for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, from September, 1972,
through August, 1973, the Maine National Guard collected monthly near-
surface grab samples from each of the tributary sites indicated on the
map (page v), except for the high runoff months of April and May when
two samples were collected.
Through an interagency agreement, estimated flows for the year of
sampling and a “normalized” or average year were provided by the Maine
District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary sites
nearest the lake.
In this report, tributary nutrient loads were calculated using mean
concentrations and mean flows. Nutrient loadings for unsampled “minor
tributaries and immediate drainage” (“ZZ” of U.S.G.S.) were calculated
using the mean concentrations in the Bear River at station E-l and mean
ZZ flows.
At present, there are no municipal waste treatment systems in the
Long Lake drainage, although the Town of Bridgeton is partially sewered.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Municipal -
Pop. Mean Receiving
Name Served Treatment Flow (mgd) Water
Bridgeton 600** None ? Stevens Brook
Harrison None** None - -
2. Industrial - Unknown
* Based on sampling frequency and variations in concentrations, single
tributary loadings for gaged sites are believed to be within ±16% of
the true value 67% of the time and within ±32% of the true value 95%
of the time.
** Estimated sewered population.
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
2306F1 LS2306F1
44 06 30.0 070 41 00.0
CRYSTAL LAKE OUTLET
23 15 NORWAY
T/LONG LK—CUMBERLAND CO
ST HWY 35 BRDG IN HARRISON
1IEPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2& O3 TOT KJEL NH3—N PHOS—DIS P1405—TOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P HG/L P
7?/09/16 09 35 0.020 0.200 0.042 0.005K 0.009
72/10/14 09 00 0.028 0.200 0.052 0.005K 0.007
72/12/02 09 55 0.033 0.260 0.018 0.005K 0.015
73/01/07 08 40 0.052 0.220 0.019 0.005K 0.007
73/02/03 10 10 0.072 0.200 0.023 0.005K 0.010
73/03/03 09 15 0.071 0.190 0.022 0.015 0.020
73/04/08 11 30 0.056 0.160 0.019 0.005K 0.005K
73/04/21 12 45 0.054 0.270 0.020 0.005K 0.005K
73/05/06 08 15 0.054 0.220 0.024 0.005 1 <
73/05/20 14 55 0.034 0.220 0.011 0.005K 0.005K
73/06/02 08 40 0.033 0.220 0.016 0.0051< 0.010
73/07/14 10 10 0.015 0.310 0.027 0.033
73/08/12 12 00 0.010K 0.320 0.048 0.015 0.025
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STOPET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
00630
00625
00610
00671
00665
DATE
TIME
DEPTH
N02&N03
TOT KJEL
NH3—N
PHOS—DIS
PHOS—TOT
FROM
OF
N—TOTAL
N
TOTAL
ORTHO
TO
DAY
FEET
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L P
2306E1 LS2306E1
44 07 00.0 070 41 30.0
BEAR RIVER
23 15 NORWAY
T/LONG LK—CUMBERLAND CO
RD NW EDGE OF HARRISON
1IEPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
72/09/Lf
10
10
0.039
0.275
0.050
0.005K
0.008
72/10/14
09
05
0.055
0.200
0.073
0.005K
0.008
72/12/02
10
05
0.064
0.440
0.019
0.005K
0.012
73/02/03
10
20
0.066
0.250
0.022
0.007
0.015
73/03/03
09
30
0.115
0.220
0.031
0.005K
0.015
73/04/08
11
45
0.092
0.100K
0.011
0.005K
0.005K
73/04/21
13
15
0.088
0.170
0.012
0.005K
0.005K
73/05/06
08
30
0.054
0.690
0.056
0.005K
73/05/20
15
00
0.017
0.240
0.020
0.005K
0.010
73/06/02
73/08/12
08
12
50
10
0.034
0.027
0.470
0.220
0.029
0.019
0.005K
0.009
0.015
0.015
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
2306D1 LS2306D1
44 06 00.0 070 41 30.0
SMITH BROOK
23 15 NORWAY
T/LONG LK—CUMBERLAND Co
ST HWY 117 BROG NE OF N BRIDGETON
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625 00610 0067! 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2 .NO3 TOT KJEL NH3-N PHOS—DIS PHOS—TOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P
72/09/16 10 30 0.126 0.550 0.052 0.007 0.010
72/10/14 09 15 0.126 0.72S 0.094 0.005K 0.010
12/12/02 10 20 0.051 0.460 0.022 0.005K 0.012
73/04/08 12 00 0.028 0.830 0.031 0.005K 0.005K
73/04/21 13 45 0.025 0.220 0.024 0.005K 0.010
13/05/06 08 45 0.042 0.290 0.036 0.005K 0.010
73/05/20 15 10 0.031 0.300 0.010 0.005K 0.010
73/06/02 09 00 0.036 0.420 0.031 0.005K 0.015
73/07/14 10 30 0.063 0.370 0.024 0.005K 0.030
73/08/12 12 20 0.034 0.240 0.010 0.013 0.015
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
2306C1 L 52306C1
44 05 00.0 070 42 00.0
RODGERS BROOK
23 15 NORWAY
T/LONG LK—CUP4BERLAND Co
BRDG OF ST HWY 117 N OF BRIDGETON
L1EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPT’4 N026.N03 TOT KJEL NH3-N PHOS—DIS PHOS—TOT
FROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET HG/I MG/L HG/I MG/L P MG/L P
72/09/16 11 10 0.520 0.400 0.069 0.006 0.015
72/10/14 09 25 0.330 0.350 0.062 0.005K 0.012
72/12/02 10 31 0.210 1.100 0.084 0.037 0,060
73/01/07 09 20 0.330 0.320 0.013 0.005K 0.008
73/02/03 10 40 0.168 0.400 0.014 0.009 0.020
73/03/03 10 00 0.500 0.270 0.032 0.006 0.010
73/04/08 12 30 0.115 0.540 0.063 0.005K 0.010
73/04/21 14 15 0.176 0.260 0.050 0.005K 0.010
73/05/06 09 15 0.100 0.890 0.031 0.006 0.025
73/05/20 15 15 0.105 0.190 0.015 0.005K 0.015
73/06/0? 09 15 0.138 0.340 0.050 0.005K 0.020
73/08/12 12 30 0.126 0.440 0.025 0.012 0.030
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
230681 LS2306B1
44 03 00.0 070 41 30.0
STEVENS BROOK
23 15 NORWAY
T/LONG LK—CUMBERLANO Co
XING NEAREST LK E OF BRIDETON
11FPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
TIME
DEPTH
NO?&N03
TOT KJEL
NH3—N
PHOS—DIS
PHOS—TOT
FROM
OF
N-TOTAL
N
TOTAL
ORTHO
TO
DAY
FEET
MG/L
MG/L
HG/I
HG/L P
MG/L P
72/09/16
11 30
0.056
0.400
0.067
0.009
0.019
72/10/14
10 10
0.063
0.350
0.088
0.006
0.021
72/12/02
10 47
0.054
0.310
0.058
0.007
0.017
73/01/07
09 35
0.066
0.290
0.029
0.005K
0.010
73/02/03
11 45
0.105
0.280
0.032
0.008
0.020
73/03/03
10 20
0.079
0.520
0.060
0.007
0.010
73/04/08
12 45
0.040
0.180
0.037
0.005K
0.010
73/04/21
12 15
0.038
0.270
0.02?
0.005K
0.010
73/05/06
10 00
0.066
0.280
0.032
0.006
0.015
73/05/20
15 25
0.034
0.260
0.023
0.005K
0.015
73/06/02
09 40
0.039
0.320
0.022
0.005K
0.015
73/08/12
12 45
0.031
0.260
0.021
0.015
0.061
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
2306A1 LS2306A1
43 58 00.0 070 56 00.0
LONG LAKE OUTLET
23 15 SEBAGO LAKE
0/LONG LK—CUMBERLAND CO
Us 302 BRDG IN NAPLES
I IEPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT XJEL NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS—TOT
FROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P
72/09/16 12 15 0.063 0.250 0.082 0.005K 0.006
72/10/14 10 50 0.048 0.150 0.058 0.005K 0.005K
72/12/02 11 31 0.037 0.690 0.056 0.006 0.012
73/01/07 10 18 0.036 0.290 0.013 0.005K 0.00 5K
73/03/03 10 45 0.070 0.690 0.072 0.005K 0.010
73/04/08 13 15 0.096 0.100K 0.031 0.005K 0.005K
73/04/21 15 30 0.054 0.230 0,024 0.005K 0.005K
73/05/06 11 00 0.054 0.480 0.027 0.005K 0.010
73/05/20 16 30 0.072 0.240 0.013 0.005K 0.005K
73/06/02 10 20 0.065 0.320 0.012 0.005K 0.010
73/07/14 11 20 0.060 1.000 0.095 0.005K 0.020
73/08/1? 13 15 0.012 0.540 0.056 0.006 0.010
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APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
K - Value is less than indicated
J - Value known to be in error
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
230603
44 06 30.0 070 41 06.0
LONG LAKE
23 MAINE
1 IEPALES 2111202
3 0022 FEET DEPTH
00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00630 00610 00665 00666
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER 00 TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALK N02&N03 NH3—N P lOS—TOT PHOS—DIS
FROM OF TEMP SECCHI FIELD CACO3 N—TOTAL TOTAL
TO DAY FEET CENT HG/L INCHES MICROHHO SU MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P
72/06/08 14 30 0000 19.7 9.1 120 20 7.00 10K 0.050 0.030 0.004 0.002
14 30 0015 19.3 8.9 30 7.10 10K 0.050 0.030 0.006 0.003
14 30 0022 19.0 8.8 25 6.80 10K 0.060 0.080 0.004 0.003
72/08/07 13 30 0000 108 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.050 0.010 0.007
13 30 0004 23.1 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.050 0.008 0.006
13 30 0015 23.1 8.6 50K 6.50 10K 0.030 0.040 0.010 0.006
13 30 0020 23.0 11.8 120 7.00 40K 0.040 0.050 0.008 0.006
72/10/02 14 00 0000 216 50K 6.60 10K 0.040 0.060 0.012 0.008
14 00 0004 17.0 8.2 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.040 0.011 0.007
14 00 0015 16.4 8.2 50K 6.55 10K 0.030 0.060 0.011 0.011
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET 1 )6/1
72/06/08 14 30 0000 1.3J
72/08/07 13 30 0000 4.9J
72/10/02 14 00 0000 2.8)
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STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
230602
44 03 24.0 070 40 48.0
LONG LAKE
23 MAINE
11EPALES 2111202
3 0025 FEET DEPTH
00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00630 00610 00665 00666
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALK N02&N03 NH3—N P 1105—TOT PHOS—DIS
FROM OF TEMP SECCHI FIELD CACO3 N—TOTAL TOTAL
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MICROI*4O SU MG/I MG/I HG/L MG/I P MG/L P
72/06/03 19 30 0000 20.7 8.9 132 30 6.90 10K 0.050 0.020 0.007 0.006
19 30 0020 19.1 8.7 30 6.80 10K 0.040 0.020 0.011 0.003
72/08/07 13 55 0000 132 50K 6.60 10K 0.040 0.060 0.008 0.006
13 55 0004 23.0 7.8 50K 6.50 10K 0.040 0.050 0.008 0.006
13 55 0015 21.6 10.8 50K 6.50 10K 0.050 0.050 0.009 0.004
72/10/02 14 20 0000 156 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.050 0.010 0.007
14 20 0004 17.2 7.7 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.040 0.009 0.007
14 20 0015 16.8 8.2 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.040 0.009 0.006
14 20 0020 16.7 8.5 50K 6.85 10K 0.030 0.040 0.008 0.006
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET UG/L
72/06/03 19 30 0000 5.3J
72/08/07 13 55 0000 2.6J
72/10/02 14 20 0000 1.8.1
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STOPET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/06/25
230601
43 58 18.0 070 36 06.0
LONG LAKE
23 MAINE
11EPALES 2111202
3 0025 FEET DEPTH
00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00630 00610 00665 00666
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER 00 TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALK N02&N03 NH3—N PHOS—TOT PHOS—DIS
FROM OF TEMP SECCHI FIELD CACO3 N—TOTAL TOTAL
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MICROMIIO SO MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P
72/06/03 19 05 0000 16.0 11.0 120 20 6.90 10K 0.050 0.010 0.006 0.002
19 05 0020 14.9 9.2 20 6.80 10K 0.060 0.020 0.002 0.002K
72/08/07 14 15 0000 108 50K 6.60 10K 0.040 0.050 0.006 0.004
14 15 0004 22.0 8.2 50K 6.60 10K 0.040 0.050 0.005 0.003
14 15 0015 21.8 9.2 50K 6.30 10K 0.070 0.070 0.004 0.007
14 15 0020 20.0 5.8 50k 6.60 10K 0.090 0.020 0.004 0.002
14 15 0026 18.5 5.8 50K 6.20 10K 0.090 0.080 0.005 0.003
72/10/02 14 45 0000 120 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.050 0.008 0.008
14 45 0004 17.1 8.2 50K 6.60 10K 0.030 0.040 0.013 0.007
14 45 0015 16.9 8.2 50K 6.70 10K 0.040 0.050 0.012 0.007
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET (JG/L
72/06/03 19 05 0000 3.3J
72/08/07 14 15 0000 2.8J
72/10/02 14 45 0000 3.9J
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APPENDIX B
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
K - Value is less than indicated
J - Value known to be in error
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TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR WAINE 6/25/74
LAKE CODE 2306 LONC, LAt E (CUMF3 [ RLAND CO.)
MEAN MONTkLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS
TRIHUTARY MONTH YEAR WEAN FLOW hAY FLO’4 DAY FLOW DAY FLOW
23 OtSZ7 9 7’ 19.00
10 7? 19.00
11 72 115.00
1? 72 122.00
1 73 148.00
2 7 162.00
3 73 379.00
4 73 137.00
5 73 190.00
73 112.00
7 73 110.00
8 73 87.00
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TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOP MAINE 6/25/74
LAcE CODE 2306 LONG LA+cF (CUMAEPLAND CO.)
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS
TRIBUTARY MONTH TEAR MEAN FLOW GAY FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW
?30 6C1 9 72 4.10 16 3.20
10 72 4.40 14 4.80
11 72 21.00
I? 72 15.00 2 21.00
1 73 11.00 7 5.30
7 73 12.00 3 36.00
3 73 28.00 3 5.30
4 73 24.00 8 25.00 21 20.00
5 73 26.00 6 16.00 20 25.00
6 73 13.00 2 13.00
7 73 15.00 14 9.30
8 73 15.00 1? 11.00
230601 9 7? 3.30 16 2.60
10 72 3.40 14 3.70
11 72 18.00
1? 7 17.00 2 24.00
1 73 15.00 7 7.20
73 18.00 3 54.00
1 73 39.00 3 7.40
4 73 22.00 A 23.00 21 18.00
5 73 28.00 6 17.00 20 27.00
6 73 14.00 2 14.00
7 71 15.00 14 9.30
A 13 15.00 12 11.00
?30f EL 9 72 11.00 16 8.70
10 72 12.00 14 13.00
11 7? 64.00
12 72 56.00 2 78.00
1 73 50.00 7 24.00
7 73 67.00 3 200.00
1 73 157.00 3 30.00
4 71 83.00 8 87.00 21 68.00
5 73 95.00 6 58.00 20 93.00
6 73 53.00 2 54.00
7 71 54.00 14 33.00
8 73 67.00 I? 35.00
?1OAFI 9 7? S.S0 16 4.30
10 72 5.80 14 6.40
11 72 30.00
I? 1 31.00 2 43.00
1 13 28.00 7 13.00
7 73 34.00 3 102.00
3 73 70.00 3 13.00
4 73 37.00 8 39.00 21 30.00
5 73 48.00 6 29.00 20 47.00
6 73 26.00 2 27.00
7 73 28.00 14 17.00
8 13 26.00 1? 20.00
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TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR MAINE
6/25/74
LA(E CODE 2306
LONG LAKE (CUMBERLAND CO.)
TOtAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE 114.00
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE r
SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS =
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS
TPIi4iJTAPY MONTH
YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY FLOW DAY
FLOW
9 72 66.00
10 72 250.00
11 72 588.00
1? 72 424.00
1 73 312.00
- 73 328.00
3 73 1010.00
4 73 301.00
5 71 584.00
6 73 336.00
7 73 324.00
8 73 315.00
9 72 22.00
10 72 24.00
II 72 149.00
12 72 118.00
73 123.00
73 165.30
3 73 450.00
4 73 186.00
5 73 198.00
6 73 117.00
7 73 103.00
8 73 85.00
16 52.00
14 257.00
2 564.00
7 116.00
3 1240.00
3 96.00
8 32 5.00
6 356.00
2 343.00
14 201.00
12 245.00
16 17.00
14 26.00
2 164.00
7 59.00
3 493.00
3 86.00
8 195.00
6 121.00
2 119.00
14 64.00
12 64.00
SUR-ORAINAGE
NORMALIZED
FLOWS
TPIR(JTAPY AREA JAN FE8 MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL
AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MEAN
?106 AI
114.00
190.00
150.00
401.00
436.00
21.00
32.00
48.00
32.00
89.00
206.00
400.00
335.00
194.88
210681
41.60
62.00
54.00
160.00
219.00
100.00
44.00
15.00
9.80
14.00
24.00
79.00
65.00
70.42
2306C1
3.91
5.50
4.00
10.00
28.00
13.00
4.70
2.20
1.70
2.60
4.50
11.00
8.50
7.97
210601
4.82
7.60
6.00
14.00
26.00
14.00
5.10
2.20
1.70
2.10
3.50
9.50
9.50
8.43
2106F 1
18.40
25.00
72.00
56.00
98.00
48.00
20.00
7.90
5.40
7.20
12.00
34.00
31.00
30.51
2106F1
8.61
14.00
11.00
25.00
44.00
24.00
9.60
4.10
3.00
3.50
5.90
16.00
17.00
14.75
2106ZZ
36.70
75.00
53.00
135.00
161.00
96.00
42.00
16.00
10.00
12.00
19.00
61.00
67.00
62.25
210641
SUMMARY
114.00
TOTAL
FLOW
IN
=
2333.30
114.04
TOTAL
FLOW
OUT
=
2340.00
21 213.00
20 572.00
2) 153.00
20 194.00
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9
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
lbs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Stevens Brook 2,080 34.2
Rogers Brook 300 4.9
Smith Brook 200 3.3
Bear River 600 9.9
Crystal Lake outlet 260 4.3
b. Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage
(non-point load)* - 1,220 20.0
c. Municipal SIP’s —
None at present - -
d. Septic tanks** - 660 10.9
e. Industrial —
Unknown - -
f. Direct Precipitation* - 760 12.5
Total 6,080 100.0
2. Outputs -
Long Lake - Bay of Naples
Connection 3,060
3. Net annual P accumulation - 3,020
* Estimated; see Working Paper No. 1, “Survey Methods”.
** Estimated 1,056 dwellings w/in 100 yards of lake, including camps.
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10
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1 . Inputs -
lbs NI % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load)
Stevens Brook 51,690 24.7
Rogers Brook 9,530 4.6
Smith Brook 8,580 4.1
Bear River 19,690 9.4
Crystal Lake outlet 7,750 3.7
b. Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage
(non-point load)* - 40,160 19.2
c. Municipal STP’s -
None at present
d. Septic tanks** - 24,820 11.9
e. Industrial -
Unknown
f. Direct precipitation* - 46,890 22.4
Total 209,110 100.0
2. Outputs -
Long Lake - Bay of Naples
Connection 173,660
3. Net annual N accumulation - 35,450 lbs.
* Estimated; see Working Paper No. 1, “Survey Methods”.
** Estimated 1,056 dwellings w/in 100 yards of lake, including camps.
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11
0. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Sub-drainage Area:
Tributary lbs P/mi 2 /yr lbs N/mi 2 /yr
Stevens Brook 50 1 ,243
Rogers Brook 77 2,444
Smith Brook 42 1,788
Bear River 33 1,070
Crystal Lake outlet 30 901
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (1973).
Essentially, his “dangerous” rate is the rate at which the
receiving waters would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his “permissible” rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic
if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would be considered
one between “dangerous” and “permissible”.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
1bs/acr /yr 1.2 0.6 43.0 7.3
grams/m /yr 0.14 0.07 4.8 0.8
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus (g/m 2 /yr) based on mean
depth and mean hydraulic retention time for Long Lake:
“Dangerous” (eutrophic rate) 0.58
“Permissible” (oligotrophic rate) 0.29
F. Controllability of Nutrients:
1. Discussion —
At present, the phosphorus loading to Long Lake from all
sources is only about half that proposed by Vollenweider (1973)
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12
as permissible (i.e., an oligotrophic rate). However, when
the regional waste treatment facility planned for Bridgeton,
Harrison, and the west side of the lake becomes operational
point source contributions will increase markedly, and the
total phosphorus loading at that time is likely to exceed the
permissible level and result in degradation of the present
mesotrophic condition of Long Lake.
The 1970 Census gives the population of Bridgeton as 2,970
persons and that of Harrison as 1,045 persons. Disregarding
the number of sewer connections that may be made along the
west side of Long Lake, if 65% of the combined population of
the two communities becomes sewered and served by the treatment
facility to be located at Bridgeton, the contributing population
will be increased from the present estimated 600 persons to more
than 2,600 persons. With only conventional treatment, at 2.5 lbs/
P/capita/yr, the population served would result in a discharge of
more than 6,500 lbs/P/yr to Long Lake, or more than is presently
reaching the lake from all sources combined .
It is concluded that phosphorus removal at the regional
waste treatment facility will be required to insure continuance
of the present trophic state of Long Lake as well as the Bay of
Naples downstream in the Presumpscot River chain.
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13
VI. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Anonymous, 1953. Long Lake survey report. Dept. of Inland Fisheries
& Game, Augusta.
Ciullo, Robert H., 1971 Final report on the water quality informa-
tion and analysis program of Long Lake and its tributaries, Cum-
berland County, Maine. MS, Biology Dept., Nasson College, Spring-
vale.
________________ 1972. Personal communications (characteristics of
Long Lake; proposed waste treatment facility). Biology Dept.,
Nasson College, Springvale.
Hays, G. S., 1973. Personal communication (tributary flow records).
Maine District Office, U.S.G.S., Augusta.
Hinckley, William P., 1973. Personal communication (uses of Long Lake;
industries; physical characteristics of lake). Dept. of Environ-
mental Protection, Augusta.
Scott, Matthew, 1973. Personal communication (trophic state of Long
Lake; uses; physical characteristics). Dept. of Environmental
Protection, Augusta.
Vollenweider, Richard A., 1973. Input-output models. MS, Canada Centre
for Inland Lakes, Burlington, Ontario.
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14
VII. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
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