Report on Round Lake, Waupaca County, Wisconsin EPA region V


     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
        NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
                  WORKING PAPER SERIES
                                       REPORT
                                        ON
                                     ROUND LAKE
                                   WAUPACA COUNTY
                                      WISCONSIN
                                       REGION V
                                 WORKING PAPER No, 65
   PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
                  An Associate Laboratory of the
      NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER • CORVALLIS, OREGON
                           and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA

-------
                                    REPORT
                                      ON
                                  ROUND LAKE
                                WAUPACA COtMY
                                   WISCONSIN
                                 EPA REGION V
                             WORKING PAPER No,  65
       WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
                 AND THE
        WISCONSIN NATIONAL GUARD
               JUNE, 1975

-------
1
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword ii
List of Wisconsin Study Lakes iv, v
Lake and Drainage Area Map vi
Sections
I. Introduction 1
II. Conclusions 1
III. Lake characteristics 2
IV. Lake Water Quality Summary 3
V. Literature Reviewed 7
VI. Appendices 8

-------
11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point—source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS*
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [ 3O3(c)], clean lakes [ 3l4(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [ lO6 and 3O5(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
* The lake discussed in this report was included in the National
Eutrophication Survey as a water body of interest to the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources. This report relates only to the
data obtained from lake sampling.

-------
111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Wisconsin National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
Francis H. Schraufnagel, Acting Assistant Director, and Joseph
R. Ball of the Bureau of Water Quality, and Donald R. Winter, Lake
Rehabilitation Program, provided invaluable lake documentation and
counsel during the Survey. Central Office and District Office per-
sonnel of the Department of Natural Resources reviewed the prelim-
inary reports and provided critiques most useful in the preparation
of this Working Paper series.
Major General James J. Lison, Jr., the Adjutant General of
Wisconsin, and Project Officer CW-4 Donald D. Erickson, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the Wisconsin National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.

-------
iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF WISCONSIN
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Altoona Eau Claire
Beaver Dam Barron
Beaver Dam Dodge
Big Eau Pleine Marathon
Browns Racirie
Butte des Morts Winnebago
Butternut Price, Ashland
Castle Rock Flowage Juneau
Conio Walworth
Crystal Vilas
Delavan Walworth
Eau Claire Eau Claire
Geneva Walworth
Grand Green Lake
Green Green Lake
Kegonsa Dane
Koshkonong Jefferson, Rock, Dane
Lac La Belle Waukesha
Middle Walworth
Nagawicka Waukesha
Oconomowoc Waukesha
Okauchee Waukesha
Petenwell Flowage Juneau
Pewaukee Waukesha
Pigeon Waupaca
Pine Waukesha
Poygan Winnebago, Waushara
Rock Jefferson
Rome Pond Jefferson, Waukesha
Round Waupaca
Shawano Shawano
Sinnissippi Dodge

-------
V
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Swan Columbia
Tainter Dunn
Tichigan Racine
Townline Oneida
Trout Vilas
Wapogassett Polk
Wausau Marathon
Willow Oneida
Winnebago Winnebago, Fond Du Lac,
Calumet
Wisconsin Columbia
Wissota Chippewa
Yellow Burnett

-------
0
Location
ROUND LAKE
0 Tributary Sampling
Lake Sampling Site
44 21’
‘t.

-------
ROUND LAKE
STORET NO. 5566
I. INTRODUCTION
Round Lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey as a
water body of interest to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
The inlet and outlet of the lake were sampled (Appendix B), but no waste-
water treatment plants impact the lake. Therefore, this report relates
only to the lake sampling data.
Round Lake is one of the 22 Waupaca County Chain-O-Lakes which range
in area from three to 116 acres (Anonymous, 1972).
II. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data and a report by others (Lueschow, et al., 1970)
indicate Round Lake is meso-eutrophic. Of the 46 Wisconsin lakes
sampled, seven had less mean total phosphorus, six had less mean
dissolved phosphorus, 43 had less mean inorganic nitrogen, four
had less mean chlorophyll a, and four had greater mean Secchi
disc transparency.
Dissolved oxygen was nearly depleted at the 45-foot depth in
June and was depleted at the 53-foot depth in August, 1972.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
The algal assay results indicate Round Lake was phosphorus
limited at the time the sample was taken (11/08/72). The lake
data i ndicate phosphorus limitation at the other sampling times
as well.

-------
2
III. LAKE CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry*:
1. Surface area: 80 acres.
2. Mean depth: 30.4 feet.
3. Maximum depth: 67 feet.
4. Volume: 2,426 acre-feet.
B. Precipitation**:
1. Year of sampling: 37.1 inches.
2. Mean annual: 30.4 inches.
* Schraufnagel, 1975.
** See Working Paper No. 1, “Survey Methods, 1972”.

-------
3
IV. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Round Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season of
1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time, samples
for physical and chemical parameters were collected from a number of
depths at a single station on the lake (see map, page vi). During each
visit, a single depth—integrated (15 feet to surface) sample was col-
lected for phytoplankton identification and enumeration, and a similar
sample was collected for chlorophyll a analysis. During the last visit,
a single five-gallon depth-integrated sample was taken for algal assays.
The maximum depth sampled was 56 feet.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix A, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling
times, refer to Appendix A.

-------
4
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
Parameter Minimum Mean Median Maximum
Temperature (Cent.) 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Dissolved oxygen (mg/i) 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.6
Conductivity (pmhos) 320 323 322 330
pH (units) 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0
Alkalinity (mg/i) 130 146 149 149
Total P (mg/i) 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.012
Dissolved P (mg/i) 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.007
NO 2 + NO 3 (mg/l) 0.610 0.615 0.615 0.620
Ammonia (mg/i) 0.240 0.260 0.260 0.270
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches) 130 i34 135 136

-------
5
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling Dominant Number
Date Genera per ml
06/23/72 1. Fragilaria 673
2. Cyclotella 152
3. Chroococcus 141
4. Oocystis 83
5. Dinobryon 54
Other genera 177
Total 1 ,280
08/22/72 1. Cyclotella 2,717
2. Microcystis 1,739
3. Chroococcus 1 ,196
4. Dinobryon 652
5. Rhabdoderma 507
Other genera 617
Total 7,428
11/08/72 1. Microcystis 438
2. Dinobryon 195
3. Fragilaria 32
4. Flagellates 22
Other genera 152
Total 839
2. Chlorophyll a -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a
Date Number ( iig/1 )
06/23/72 01 2.5
08/22/72 01 3.4
11/08/72 01 4.7

-------
6
Maximum yield
( mg/i-dry wt. )
0.2
0.5
3.0
9.6
19.8
26.5
0.2
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked -
Ortho P Inorganic N
Spike (mg/i) Conc. (mg/i) Conc. (mg/i ) _____________
Control 0.005 0.780
0.006 P o.oii 0.780
0.012 p 0.017 0.780
0.024 p 0.029 0.780
0.060 p 0.065 0.780
0.060 P + 10.0 N 0.065 10.780
10.0 N 0.005 10.780
2. Discussion —
The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri—
cornutum , indicates that the potential primary productivity
of Round Lake was relatively low at the time of sample col-
lection (11/08/72). Also, the increased yields with increased
levels of orthophosphorus show the lake was phosphorus limited
at that time (note the lack of yield response when only nitro-
gen was added).
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation at the other
sampling times as well; i.e., the mean N/P ratios were 40/1
and greater, and phosphorus limitation would be expected.

-------
7
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Anonymous, 1972. Wisconsin lakes. Pubi. 218—72, WI Dept. Nat.
Resources, Madi son.
Fassbender, Ronald L., and John J. Weber, 1971. Surface water
resources of Waupaca County. WI Dept. Nat. Resources, Madison.
Lueschow, Lloyd A., James M. Helm, Donald R. Winter, and Gary W.
Karl; 1970. Trophic nature of selected Wisconsin lakes. Trans.
Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts & Ltrs., vol. 58, pp. 237—264.
Schraufnagel, Francis H., 1975. Personal communication (lake mor-
phometry). WI Dept. Nat. Resources, Madison.

-------
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/09/30
556601
44 20 00.0 089 00 00.0
ROUND LAKE
55 WISCONSIN
IIEPALES 2111202
6 0050 FEET DEPTH
00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00630 00610 00665 00666
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH 1 ALK N0?&N03 NH3—N Pi-jOS—TOT PHOS—DIS
FROM OF TEMP SECCHI FIELD CACO3 N—TOTAL TOTAL
TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES MICROMHO SU MG/L MG/L MG/L HG/L P MG/L P
72/06/23 13 25 0000 20.0 11.0 136 300 8.30 139 0.500 0.050 0.042 0.041
13 25 0015 19.0 10.8 360 7.30 170 1.200 0.310 0.053 0.042
- 13 25 0045 6.0 0.6 360 7.30 173 1.100 0.290 0.015 0.005
72/08/22 14 14 0000 135 275 8.30 132 0.380 0.080 0.007 0.004
14 14 0004 23.6 8.6 280 8.35 129 0.380 0.070 0.006 0.003
14 14 0015 20.2 10.5 275 8.40 133 0.440 0.110 0.005 0.004
14 14 0025 10.8 14.9 315 8.30 158 1.450 0.130 0.010 0.005
14 14 0035 7.5 13.4 320 8.30 165 1.450 0.070 0.019 0.006
14 14 0047 5.6 0.2 348 7.40 175 0.750 0.680 0.023 0.006
14 I’ 0050 5.4 0.4 338 7.35 175 0.450 0.870 0.023 0.006
14 14 0053 5.1 0.0 360 7.30 178 0.130 1.400 0.033 0.008
- 14 14 0056 4.9 0.0 340 7.30 182 0.100 2.570 0.019 0.006
72/11/08 08 30 0000 130 320 7.90 149 0.620 0.270 0.010 0.005
08 30 0004 7.5 9.6 320 7.90 149 0.610 0.260 0.010 0.006
08 30 0015 7.5 9.4 320 7.90 130 0.610 0.260 0.010 0.006
08 30 0025 7.5 9.0 325 7.90 148 0.610 0.250 0.010 0.006
08 30 0035 7.5 9.3 325 8.00 149 0.620 0.270 0.012 0.007
08 30 0046 7.5 9 .4 330 8.00 149 0.620 0.240 0.009 0.006
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLPPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET UG/L
72/06/23 13 25 0000 2.5J
72/04/22 14 14 0000 3 . 4J
72/Il/OR 08 30 0000 4.7J
J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR

-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY DATA

-------
STT ET P TRTFVAL U4TF 76/1 /0?
LS5566 1
64 20 LU.) C 10 00.0
nJND LAKE ‘OJ ILE T
55 15 1AjPAJCS!
0/ 0ut [ j LAr E
r’ i i)F ? ) OFF Co H ’Y U 4 MISW WAUPAUCA
11 AL S 2111204
4 0000 FFET DEPTrI
fl0 - 1 00 ’ C 1 10 00(- 7J
ATF F 4F D PT i iO ’sIOi TOT KJFL -13N °H1)S—flJS -i0 —TC)T
P ) .1 0F — TIYFAL N TUTAL O T-1 O
TO GAf F FT M(/L IC,/L MC,/L M( /L P MC,/L -‘
77/o /23 1? 15 0.’4 0. ’75 0.0 L. C.U 0’ 0.u1
7?/I0/14 09 45 .?-J9 0.550 0.c’ Sh 0.005K 0.010
72/11/110900 0.310 0. ’0 1.!’O 0.005K
7?/I2/0 0 05 u. ll S 1.050 0.135 0.005K 0.015
73/Cl/OS 09 30 0.370 0.’ 0 u.?E0 1.005K 0.010
71/01/170935 ).l2 5 0.270 ).1 9 .0’)Q u.04
73 /O4/0 1410 0.F”-0 0. ’fl0 0.10 0.005 0. O IC
71 /06/1 1930 0.510 0. 40 9.150 0.005K 0.0 0
73/05/20 1410 0.730 0. ’0 ‘ .0 1P 0.005K 0.010
71/ 5’31 1510 .77C 3.500 0.30 5K 0.015
71/0A/1l 1015 0.5 0 0.440 f.C 1? 0.007 O.01
73/Cl/iS 11 3 0.340 fl. 00 fl. )05K 0.010
71/0 /11 10 10 C.750 0.5?u 0.120 i.00 0.0 0
K J’ LU. ‘NO ’\J TO r - L ‘
I -L N I DICPT C,

-------
STORET pET 1FVaL DATE 74/10/0?
LSS S66R I
4’ E?0 00.0 0 9 10 30.)
O’J iU LAKE INLET
1 WAUPAUCA
I / UUN [ ) L A t
Co HWY C) ‘i l)G 1.5 L SW OFKIF4c,
11F ALFS 2111204
1 0000 FEET DEPTH
00 30 00’,? 00 10 00671 036( ”-
).ATF TIMF DEPTH N02 NO3 TOT KJEL NHI—N ?‘-IflS—DIS HOs—rC)T
rpOM OF N—T TAL N TOTAt O T’-1O
To DAY rEEl Mr,/L 1C’/1 Mr,/L MC,/i
7?/09/23 1? 01 0.3145 0. 0C 0.107 0.005K 0.OOR
7?/I’ )/14 09 30 C.4?0 0.7 0 0. 76 0.00 K 0.010
7?/)L /1I UP 45 0.573 0.600 0.00 5K 0.010
7?/1?/09 09 00 0.630 1.000 0.100 .00 5 ’ 0.020
73/01/060905 0.700 1.3’O G.?]0 0.01? 0.140
73/0?/I0 09 15 0.710 0.7’O J.?20 .009
71/04/0? 19 00 0.6 0 0.h IO 0.12 ’) o.005 0. OWO
71/06/1 19 30 o.q o !.1. 0 0.1)0 0.005K 0.020
7’/05/20 14 00 0.750 0. 60 0.0 76 0.00S 0.015
73/ /31 1’ tO 0.750 1.7 O 0• ’ )7 (‘.00 K 0.015
71/06/16 10 30 0.6 0 0.560 ‘.U34 0.00 5’ ’ 0.017
71/07/16 11 30 o.o’Q .0u 5 ’c 0.010
71 / 0 Q/ 31 1075 fl .3 7 I .3 O ). 07’ 0.005K
K V. LU - NO J ’ TO - L ’-’
T— -\ J I J [ )1( I T ’)

-------