U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
BIG STONE LAKE
BIG STONE COUNTY, MINNESOTA
AND
ROBERTS AND GRANT COUNTIES, SOUTH DAKOTA
EPA REGIONS V AND VIII
WORKING PAPER No, 85
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
& GPO—697.032
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REPORT
ON
BIG STONE LAKE
BIG STONE COUNTY, MINNESOTA
AND
ROBERTS AND GRANT COUNTIES, SOUTH DAKOTA
EPA REGIONS V AND VIII
WORKING PAPER No, 85
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MINNESOTA POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
AND THE
MINNESOTA NATIONAL GUARD
MAY, 1975
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•1
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword ii
List of Minnesota Study Lakes iv, v
Lake and Drainage Area Map vi
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Sumary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 9
V. Literature Reviewed 16
VI. Appendices 17
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11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey’s eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [ 3O3(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [ 3O3(c)], clean lakes [ 314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [ lO6 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation’s
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT I
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency and the South Dakota Department of Environmental Protection
for professional involvement and to the Minnesota National Guard
for conducting the tributary sampling phase of the Survey.
Grant J. Merritt, Director of the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency, John F. McGuire, Chief, and Joel G. Schilling, Biologist,
of the Section of Surface and Groundwater, Division of Water Quality,
provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during the course
of the Survey; and the staff of the Section of Municipal Works, Divi-
sion of Water Quality, were most helpful in identifying Minnesota
point sources and soliciting municipal participation in the Survey.
Allyn Lockner, Secretary, South Dakota Department of Environ-
mental Protection; Blame B. Barker, Chief, Water Quality Program;
and James C. Andersen, District Sanitary Engineer, provided infor-
mation on the South Dakota point sources and carefully reviewed the
preliminary report with respect to the South Dakota portion of the
lake drainage.
Major General Chester J. Moeglein, the Adjutant General of
Minnesota, and Project Officer Major Adrian Beltrand, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the Minnesota National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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iv
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MINNESOTA
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Albert Lea Freeborn
Andrusia Beltrami
Badger Polk
Bartlett Koochiching
Bear Freeborn
Bemidji Beltrami
Big Stearns
Big Stone Big Stone, MN; Roberts,
Grant, SD
Birch Cass
Blackduck Beltrami
Blackhoof Crow Wing
Budd Martin
Buffalo Wright
Calhoun Hennepin
Carlos Douglas
Carrigan Wright
Cass Beltrami, Cass
Clearwater Wright, Stearns
Cokato Wright
Cranberry Crow Wing
Darling Douglas
Elbow St. Louis
Embarass St. Louis
Fall Lake
Forest Washington
Green Kandiyohi
Gull Cass
Heron Jackson
Leech Cass
Le Homme Dieu Douglas
Lily Blue Earth
Little Grant
Lost St. Louis
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V
LAKE NAME COUNTY
Madison Blue Earth
Malmedal Pope
Mashkenode St. Louis
McQuade St. Louis
Minnetonka Hennepin
Minnewaska Pope
Mud Itasca
Nest Kandlyohi
Pelican St. Louis
Pepin Goodhue, Wabasha, MN;
Pierce, Pepin, WI
Rabbit Crow Wing
Sakatah Le Sueur
Shagawa St. Louis
Silver McLeod
Six Mile St. Louis
Spring Washington, Dakota
St. Croix Washington, MN; St. Croix,
Pierce, WI
St. Louis Bay St. Louis, MN; Douglas, WI
Superior Bay St. Louis, MN; Douglas, WI
Swan Itasca
Trace Todd
Trout Itasca
Wagonga Kandiyohi
Wailniark Chisago
White Bear Washington
Winona Douglas
Wolf Beltrami, Hubbard
Woodcock Kandiyohi
Zumbro Olmstead, Wabasha
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— MARSHALL CO . J
DAY CO.
BIG STONE LAKE
Tributary Sampling Site Lake Sampling Sli
(Approxlrnate Direct Drainage Area Boundary
Indirect Drainage Area Boundary
Minnesota
_____ rRAVENSr C.2 .
— _____ — BIG •TON CO.
- . ,— Limits of additional drainage
area during periods when the
Whetstone River Is diverted
Into Big Stone Lake.
—CO.
ORTONVILLE
o1
I01
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BIG STONE LAKE
STORET NO. 2709
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data and the records of others (Anonymous, 1967) show
that Big Stone Lake is eutrophic. Of the 60 Minnesota lakes
sampled three times, 41 had less mean total and dissolved
phosphorus, and 37 had less mean inorganic nitrogen. For
all Minnesota data, 34 lakes had less mean chlorophyll a,
and 37 had greater mean Secchi disc transparency than Big
Stone Lake.
Survey limnologists noted that emergent vegetation occupied
much of the shoreline, and intensive algal blooms with decompos-
ing mats of surface algae were observed.
Big Stone Lake is listed in “Problem lakes in the United
States” (Ketelle and Uttormark, 1971).
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
A significant loss of phosphorus occurred in the assay
sample between the time of collection and the beginning of
the assay, and the results are not representative of conditions
in the lake at the time the sample was taken. The lake data
indicate nitrogen limitation at all sampling times; N/P ratios
were less than 4/1, and nitrogen limitation would be expected.
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2
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources--During the sampling year, Big Stone Lake
received an estimated total phosphorus load at a rate just exceed-
ing the rate proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as “dangerous”;
i.e., a eutrophic rate (see page 15). Of this load, municipal
point sources apparently contributed about 48%. However, it is
likely that the estimated total load is too low and, proportionally,
the municipal point source percentage contribution is too high.
It is known that there are livestock feedlots and barnyards
with direct drainage to the lake, and livestock are pastured
along the shoreline (Miller, 1967). In a previous study of Big
Stone Lake (Anonymous, 1967), it was estimated that over 23% of
the annual total phosphorus loading to the lake was from livestock
operations; and Miller (op. cit.) estimated a daily livestock
phosphorus contribution of 66 pounds in the Minnesota drainage of
the lake alone.
It was not possible to quantify the actual livestock phos-
phorus contributions during the Survey sampling year; but, if
the above estimates are correct, these sources are quite signifi-
cant. Because of this, a more detailed study should be made to
determine the relative importance of agricultural and municipal
phosphorus contributions.
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3
It is noted that even though the mean hydraulic retention
time of Big Stone Lake is 1.7 years, the phosphorus accumulation
was less than 1% of the estimated total loading; but with a
retention time that long, a phosphorus accumulation on the
order of 50 percent of the total loading would be expected.
At least part of the apparent minimal retention of phosphorus
during the sampling year can be attributed to the difficulty in
obtaining representative lake outlet samples (see page 10).
However, it is likely that the unmeasured livestock loads noted
above also account for part of the near imbalance of phosphorus
during the sampling year; i.e., these loads contributed to the
measured outlet phosphorus load but were not included in the
measured and estimated phosphorus loads entering the lake.
2. Non-point sources-—During the sampling year, the estimated
phosphorus export rates of all of the sampled Big Stone Lake
tributaries, except Fish Creek, were relatively low (see page 15)
and compare well with the 18 lbs/mi 2 /yr calculated for tribu-
taries to nearby Lake Minnewaska. The Fish Creek export rate
was about twice that of the other streams.
In all, non-point sources are estimated to have contributed
about 45% of the total phosphorus load to Big Stone Lake.
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4
II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 12,610 acres.
2. Mean depth: 11 feet.
3. Maximum depth: 16 feet.
4. Volume: 138,710 acre’-feet.
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 1.7 years.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix A for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean fiow*
Little Minnesota River 472.0 mi 46.4 cfs
Whetstone River 400.0 mi 2 47.8 cfs
Unnamed Stream (D-i) 16.5 mi 2 1.7 cfs
Unnamed Stream (E-i) 11.1 mi 2 1.2 cfs
Unnamed Stream (F-i) 26.6 mi 2 2.8 cfs
Fish Creek 57.8 mi 5.3 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 156.3 mi 10.8 cfs
Totals 1,140.3 mi 2 116.0 cfs
2. Outlet -
Minnesota River 1,160.0 mi 2 ** 116.0 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 22.4 inches.
2. Mean annual: 22.7 inches.
1- DNR lake survey map (1959).
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows are accurate
within ±10%; and ungaged flows ar accurate within ±10 to 25% for
drainage areas greater than 10 mid.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, “Survey Methods, 1972”.
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5
III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Big Stone Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time, sam-
ples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from four stations
on the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see map, page vi).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (near bottom to surface)
sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton identification
and enumeration; and duri ng the last visit, a single five-gallon depth-
integrated sample was composited for algal assays. Also each time, a
depth-integrated sample was collected from each of the stations for chloro-
phyll a analysis. The maximum depths sampled were 5 feet at station 1,
11 feet at station 2, 9 feet at station 3, and 4 feet at station 4.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix B, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary is
based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling times,
refer to Appendix B.
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6
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
(10/25/7 2)
Parameter Minimum Mean Median Maximum
Temperature (Cent.) 4.8 5.5 5.7 5.9
Dissolved oxygen (mg/i) 6.2 11.0 11.6 12.4
Conductivity (pmhos) 800 844 800 980
pH (units) 8.1 8.5 8.6 8.7
Alkalinity (mg/i) 124 144 131 196
Total P (mg/i) 0.062 0.133 0.118 0.250
Dissolved P (mg/l) 0.038 0.092 0.063 0.225
NO + NO (mg/i) 0.060 0.129 0.090 0.270
Amt onia mg/l) 0.110 0.187 0.180 0.260
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches)
14 41
31 106
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7
B. Biological characteristics:
1 . Phytoplankton -
Sampling Dominant Number
Date Genera per ml
07/05/72 1. Melosira 787
2. Anabaena 678
3. Dinobryon 326
4. Cyclotella 307
5. Ankistrodesmus 54
Other genera 117
Total 2,269
09/01/72 1. Anabaena 6,630
2. Kirchneriella 1,340
3. Microcystis 217
4. Dinobryon 181
5. Chroococcus 145
Other genera 473
Total 8,986
10/25/72 1. Anabaena 7,660
2. Flagellates 2,187
3. Chroococcus 604
4. Fragilaria 566
5. Dinobryon 377
Other genera 2,229
Total 13,623
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8
2. Chlorophyll a -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a
Date Number ( .ig/l )
05/07/72 01 5.0
02 0.6
03 2.4
04 2.7
09/01/72 01 7.9
02 6.8
03 7.3
04 12.4
10/25/72 01 54.0
02 52.0
03 43.8
04 2.8
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
A loss of over 56% of the dissolved phosphorus occurred
in the assay sample between the time of collection and the
beginning of the assay, and the results are not representative
of conditions in the lake at the time the sample was taken.
The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation at all sampling
times; i.e., all N/P ratios were less than 4/1 , and nitrogen
limitation would be expected.
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9
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix C for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Minnesota National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the tribu-
tary sites indicated on the map (page Vi), except for the high runoff
months of April and May when two samples were collected. Sampling was
begun in October, 1972, and was completed in September, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year
of sampling and a “normalized” or average year were provided by the Minne-
sota District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary sites
nearest the lake. However, the normalized flows provided for the Minnesota,
Little Minnesota, and Whetstone Rivers differed significantly from those
measured at gaging stations of 33 to 41 years of record (Anonymous, 1974;
pages 129, 130, and 132), so the flows of record are used in this report
(see page 4 and Appendix A).
Nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were calculated using mean annual
concentrations and mean annual flows. Nutrient loadings for unsampled
“minor tributaries and immediate drainage” (“ZZ” of U.S.G.S.) were estimated
by using the means of the concentrations at stations D-l, E-1, F—l, and G-1
and the mean ZZ flow.
During the sampling year, it appeared that there was less than 1% accumu-
lation of phosphorus in Big Stone Lake; i.e., about as much phosphorus was
measured leaving the lake as was estimated or measured entering the lake (see
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10
page 13). However, since Big Stone Lake has a mean hydraulic retention
time of 1.7 years, an accumulation or retention of about 50% of the
phosphorus entering the lake would be expected. At least part of the
minimal retention can be attributed to the difficulty in obtaining
representative lake outlet samples. Because of the relationship of the
Whetstone River diversion to the lake outlet, as shown in the diagram
below, samples collected at the outlet station (09B1) may at times be
largely Whetstone River water, depending on flow conditions. Since
phosphorus concentrations in the Whetstone River generally are quite
high because of the upstream nutrient point source (Milbank), outlet
loads calculated from concentrations in such atypical samples would be
higher than the actual lake outlet loads and thus more phosphorus would
appear to be leaving the lake.
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11
The operator of the Browns Valley, Minnesota, wastewater treatment
plant provided monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow data;
but Milbank and Sisseton (both in South Dakota) did not participate in
the Survey, and nutrient loads were estimated at 2.5 lbs P and 7.5 lbs
N/capita/yr. Note, however, that the Sisseton ponds were assumed to
have overflowed only half of the sampling year (a considerably enlarged
pond system was completed at or near the time the tributary sampling
began).
In the following loading tables, the nutrient loads attributed to
the Little Minnesota River are those measured at station A-l (above the
Browns Valley SIP) minus the estimated Sisseton loads, and the loads
given for the Whetstone River are those measured at station C-l minus
the estimated Milbank loads.
The overflow of the pond serving Wilmot, South Dakota is discharged
to a slough and does not reach the North Fork of the Whetstone River;
also, there is no discharge from the pond serving Big Stone City.
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2. Known industrialt
Name
Beardsley Locker
Co., Beardsley, MN
Frigo Cheese Co.,
Big Stone City, SD
Ottertail Power Co.,
Ortonville, MN
Treatment
septic tanks
land disposal
(cooling water)
Mean
Flow (mgd )
?
7
2
Receiving
Water
(no discharge)
(no discharge)
Big Stone Lake
* 1970 Census.
** Estimated at 100 gal/capita/day
t Anonymous, 1967.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal -
Name
Browns Valley
Sisseton
Milbank
Pop.
Serve d*
906
3,094
3,727
Mean
Flow (mgd )
0.150
0.310**
0.373**
Treatment
trickling
fi 1 ter
stab. ponds
trickling
filters +
ponds
Receiving
Water
Little Minnesota
River
Little Minnesota
River
S. Fk. Whetstone
River
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13
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading — Average Year:
1 . Inputs —
lbs P/ %of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Little Minnesota River 4,990 14.2
Whetstone River 6,020 17.1
Unnamed Stream (D—l) 300 0.9
Unnamed Stream (E—l) 120 0.3
Unnamed Stream (F-l) 400 1.1
Fish Creek 1,810 5.1
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 2,060 5.9
c. Known municipal SIP’s —
Browns Valley 3,780 10.8
Sisseton (estimated) 3,870 11.1
Milbank (estimated) 9,320 26.5
d. Septic tanks* - 470 1 .3
e. Known industrial —
Beardsley Locker Co. None -
Frigo Cheese Co. None -
Ottertail Power Co. 50** 0.1
f. Direct precipitation t - 1 ,970 5.6
Total 35,160 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet — Minnesota River 34,940
3. Net annual P accumulation — 220 pounds
* Estimate based on 614 shoreline dwellings and 14 resorts (Anonymous, 1967);
see Working Paper No. 1.
** Anonymous, 1967.
t See Working Paper No. 1.
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14
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading — Average Year:
1. Inputs —
lbs N I % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load)
Little Minnesota River 50,880 10.5
Whetstone River 168,720 34.9
Unnamed Stream (D—1 ) 3,610 0.7
Unnamed Stream (E—l) 7,230 1 .5
Unnamed Stream (F-i) 7,890 1 .6
Fish Creek 17,820 3.7
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 38,700 8.0
c. Known municipal STP’s -
Browns Valley 10,280 2.1
Sisseton (estimated) 11,600 2.4
Milbank (estimated) 27,950 5.8
d. Septic tanks* — 17,720 3.7
e. Known industrial -
Beardsley Locker Co. None
Frigo Cheese Co. None
Ottertail Power Co.** ?
f. Direct precipitation t — 121,480 25.1
Total 483,880 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Minnesota River 472,020
3. Net annual N accumulation — 1i 86O pounds
* Estimate based on 614 shoreline dwellings and 14 resorts (Anonymous, 1967);
see Working Paper No. 1.
** Anonymous, 1967.
t See Working Paper No. 1.
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D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tributary lbs P/nii 2 /yr ‘ lbs N/mi 2 /yr
Little Minnesota River 11 108
Whetstone River 15 422
Unnamed Stream (D-l) 18 219
Unnamed Stream (E-l) ii 651
Unnamed Stream (F—i) 15 297
Fish Creek 31 308
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his “dangerous” rate is the rate at which the
receiving waters would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic; his
°permissibie” rate is that which would result in the receiving
water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic if mor-
phometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would be considered one
between “dangerous” and “permissible”.
Note that Vollenweider’s model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
lbs/acre/yr 2.8 <0.1 38.4 0.9
grams/m 2 /yr 0.31 - 4.3 0.1
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/rn 2 /yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Big Stone Lake:
“Dangerous” (eutrophic rate) 0.28
“Permissible” (oligotrophic rate) 0.14
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V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Anonymous, 1967. Big Stone Lake study. Joint report by Minnesota
and South Dakota.
Anonymous, 1974. Water resources data for Minnesota, 1972. Part 1.
Surface water records. Water Resources Div., U.S.G.S., St. Paul.
Anonymous, 1974. Wastewater treatment facilities inventory. MPCA,
Minneapolis.
Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971. Problem lakes in
the United States. EPA Water Poll. Contr. Res. Rept., Proj. 16010
EHR, Wash., D.C.
Miller, Richard D., 1967. Report on disposal of wastes from livestock
feed lots in the Minnesota watershed of Big Stone Lake. MPCA,
Minneapolis.
Vollenweider, Richard A., (in press). Input—output models. Schweiz.
Z. Hydrol.
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17
VII. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
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T It UTAl’ Y FLO4 INFO MAT1ON FOR MINNESOTA 10/30/74
LA’(F CODE 2709 8I(, STONF LAi
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TRIBUTARY FLOW INFO MAT1ON FOR MINNESOTA 10/30/74
LA(F CODE 2709 1C’ STONE LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS
TQTI UTAPY NONTrI YEAP MEAN FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW
?709C 1 10 72 14.50 14 12.00
11 7’ 30. O 19 22.00
I ? 77 18. 0 16 19.00
I 73 16.10 13 10.00
2 73 38.70 10 29.00
3 73 ?94.flO 18 216.00
4 71 74.10 2 105.00 15 64.00
5 73 ?3?.00 1 70.00 19 38.00
6 73 40.30 3 95.00
7 73 7.47 12 5.50
73 5.04 5 5.70
9 73 0.33 10 4.70
270901 10 7? Ø• q 14 0.30
11 77 0.50 19 0.40
I , 7? 0.34 16 0.30
I 73 o.ic 16 0.10
2 73 3.42 10 0.30
3 71 4.75 18 4.90
4 73 1.75 2 2.70 15 1.50
S 73 6.48 1 2.70 19 1.30
6 73 1.51 3 2.40
7 71 0.20 12 0.13
0 73 0.07 5 0.06
9 73 0.11 10 0.11
2709E1 10 72 0.32 14 0.30
Ii 72 0.39 19 0.30
1’ 72 0.29 IA 0.30
1 71 0.10 1 ’ 0.10
7 73 0.19 10 0.20
3 73 3.31 lB 3.40
4 73 1.15 2 1.80 15 1.00
5 73 4.50 1 1.90 19 0.90
71 1.04 3 1.60
9 71 0.06 5 0.05
9 73 0.09 10 0.09
2709F 1 10 7’ 0.55 14 0.50
11 72 0.77 16 0.50
1 ’ 72 0.54 19 0.60
73 0.31 16 0.20
73 0.74 10 0.50
3 73 9.33 18 9.70
4 73 2.09 2 4.40 15 2.40
5 73 10.10 1 4.20 19 2.00
6 71 2.4” 3 3.00
7 73 0.31 12 0.13
7 73 0.14 12 0.09
73 0.11 , 0.10
9 0.17 10 0.17
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TRIHUTARY FLO. INFORMATION FO l!NNESOTA 10/30/74
LAKE CODE 2709 BIG STONE LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW
?709G1 10 72 0.91 14 0.3’)
11 72 1.24 16 1.10
12 7? 0.98 19 1.00
1 73 0.46 16 0.40
? 73 0.93 10 0.60
3 73 15.10 18 16.00
4 73 6.03 2 9.30 15 16.00
5 73 19.50 1 8.20 19 3.90
‘6 73 4.19 3 6.80
7 73 0.60 1? 0.39
8 73 0.24 5 0.22
9 73 0.36 18 0.36
2709ZZ 10 72 3.14 14 1.80
11 7 4.51 16 3.70
1? 72 4.05 19 4.10
1 73 2.80 16 2.30
2 73 7.10 10 4.60
3 73 68.80 18 72.00
4 73 17.70 7 27.00 15 15.00
5 73 58.70 1 25.00 19 12.00
6 73 13.90 3 21.00
7 73 1.9f 1 1.30
73 o. i 5 0.73
9 73 1.0? 18 1.00
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APPENDIX B
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
t ona EuvuOfU ” t e’
oo S W 35th St co2
Oregon 973
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STORET RETRTEVAL DATE 74/10/30
270901
45 18 30.0 096 27 24.0
BIG STONE LAKE
27 MINr4F:SOTA
1 1EPALES
3
DATE
FROM
TO
TIME DE TH
OF
DAY FEET
72/07/05 08 10 0000
08 10 0005
7?/09/01 10 ‘0 0000
10 20 0004
72/10/25 10 15 0000
00300 00077
00 TRANSP
SECCHI
MG/L INCHES
7.1 23
6.6
47
12.4 31
2111202
0008 FEET DEPTH
00094
CN DUCTVY
FIELD
MICROMHO
770
740
810
5O
800
0001’)
WATER
TEMP
CENT
22.0
21.5
19.3
19.3
S.?
32217
C HL P P H Y L
A
UG/L
5.OJ
7.9J
5’..0J
00400 00410
PH T ALK
CACO3
SO MG/L
7.90 165
7.90 164
e.5 0 161
8.50 168
8.50 124
00630
NO2&N 03
N—TOTAL
MG/L
0.060
0.080
0.130
0.130
0.0 60
00665 00666
PHOS—TOT PHOS—DIS
MG/L P MG/L P
00610
NH3—N
TOTAL
MG/L
0 • 300
0.300
0.250
0.280
0 • 110
DATE
FROM
TO
72/07/OS
72/09/01
72/10/25
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
08 10 0000
10 20 0000
10 15 0000
0.131
0.270
0.20 7
0.216
0.118
0.108
0.099
0.182
0.175
0.047
j VALUE KNOWN To E IN EPROR
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/10/30
270902
45 22 24.0 96 31 03.0
BIG STONE LAKE
27 MINNFSOTA
11EPALES
2111202
3
0012
FEET DEPTH
00010
00300
00077
00094
00400
00’.10
00630
00610
00665
00666
DATE
TIME
DEPTH
WATER
DO
TRANSP
CNDUCTVY
PH
T ALK
N02&N03
NH3—N
PHOS-TOT
PHOS—DIS
FROM
OF
TEMP
SECCHI
FIELD
CACO3
N—TOTAL
TOTAL
TO
DAY
FEET
CENT
MG/L
INCHES
MICROMHO
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/I
MG/L P
MG/I P
7?/07/0S
08 45 0000
6.6
106
730
7.90
164
0.070
0.260
0.139
0.128
08 45 0011
6.0
750
7. 5f)
1b4
0.060
0.250
0.143
0.125
72/09/01
10 45 0000
4
ROt)
8.53
160
0.120
0.160
0.166
0.162
10 45 0004
R.6
800
8.55
158
0.150
0.180
0.171
0.142
10 45 0008
8.6
800
8.55
158
0.150
0.180
0.168
0.140
72/10/25
10 45 0000
31
800
8.60
127
0.080
0.170
0.079
0.044
10 45 0004
1?.?
800
8.70
126
0.090
0.160
0.098
0.066
10 45 0008
12.0
800
8.70
126
0.080
0.160
0.125
0.056
21.5
21.5
20 • 2
20 • 2
5.9
5.9
32217
CHLRPHYL
A
UG/L
0.6J
6. RJ
52.OJ
DATE
FROM
TO
7?/07/OS
72/09/01
72/ 10/25
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
08 45 0000
10 45 0000
10 45 0000
J VALUE KNOWW TO - E I i F ROR
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 7 4/1U/30
270903
45 24 36.0 096 38 33.0
BIG STONE LAKE
27 MINNESOTA
1 1EPALES
3
DATE
FROM
TO
TIME DF T-l
OF
DAY FFET
72/07/ac 09 05 GrD0I
- 0 05 0009
72/09/01 II 05 0000
11 35 0004
H 05 0flO
7?/I0/2 5 11 00 0000
11 00 000’4
1) 00 000’
2111202
0010 FEET DEPTH
00 1 (0 00077
DO TPANSP
SECCH I
INC HE S
45
7.4
4.6
31
H.?
9.2
00094
CNPUCTVY
F IFL1)
MICPOMHD
9r)o
800
840
850
825
800
850
000 10
IF
C, NT
2) .5
21.5
‘0 • 4
20 • I
5.7
3’? ) 1
-1 P P r- Y I -
I ’
lJ /L
2 . J
7. _‘J
61.
00400 00410
PH T ALK
CACO3
SO MG/L
8.20 179
8.10 17
8.35 150
.3l 152
8.40 161
8.10 131
8.70 131
13.50 141
00665 00666
PHOS—TOT PHOS—DIS
MG/L P MG/L P
00630
NO?4N03
N—TOTAL
MG/L
0.050
0.140
0 • 150
0.140
0.160
0.090
0.100
o • 130
00610
NN3—N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.080
0.270
0.640
0.660
0.640
0 • 180
0 • 180
0.210
DATE
FROM
TO
72/07/OS
72/09/0!
72/) 0/25
TIME DEPTH
OF
IJAY FEET
09 05 00)0
11 05 0000
ii 00 0000
0.098
0.127
0.20 3
0.224
0.217
0.062
0.103
0 • 122
0.072
0.100
0.185
0.179
0.174
0.0 38
0.0 63
0.066
J VtLIJ K\(J TO 1’
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 7 /1U/i0
270904
45 47 42.0 096 32 12.0
81(, STONE LAI E
27 MINNESOTA
11EPALES 2111202
3 0006 FEET DEPTi-I
DATE
FROM
TO
TIME DEPTH
0F
DAY FEET
77/07/OS 09 75 0000
7?/09/0I II ‘5 0000
11 25 0004
72/10/25 11 20 0000
II 20 0004
7.e
7.0
31
14
7fl •
19. ’ .
19.4
L..M
3’?17
C HL P PH YL
A
UG/L
30
00010
00100
00077
0009’.
00400
00410
00630
00610
00665
00666
WATFP
DO
TI. AN P
CNDUCTVY
PH
1 ALP<
NO?&N03
NH3—N
PHOS—TOT
Pi-IOS—DIS
TEMP
S CCHI
FIELD
CACO3
N—TOTAL
TOTAL
CE ’JT
MG/L
INC’ - ES
MICROMMO
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/I
MG/L P
MG/L P
870
930
940
980
8.10
7.97
7.97
8.10
181
193
192
194
0.060
0.340
0.360
0.260
0.110
0.760
0.780
0.250
0.153
0.339
0.360
0.241
0.081
0.302
0.294
0.223
10.0
950
8.10
196
0.270
0.260
0.250
0.225
DATE
FROM
TO
72/07/05
72/09/01
72/10/75
TIME DEPT 1
OF
DAY FEET
OR ‘5 0000
11 25 0OO )
1) 70 0000
2. 7J
1?.4J
2.
J VALUE KNOWN TO r E [ N PRO
-------
APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
STOPET PEIRTEVAL DATE 74”1 /30
270’ A1 LS2709A1
45 35 10.0 O9F 5U 00.0
LITTLE MINNESOTA RiVER
15 PFEVF
1/i1I( , 5T0’IF LAKE
CO -l Y - PPG IN BRO iNS VALLEY ABOVE SIP
I1EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET OEPTrI
00671 0)665
r)ATE TIME DEPT NU2 JO3 TOT KJ L 4 N Pr- )Si)IS h0 —1OT
FROM OF N—TOTAL TOTAL (jPIHO
TO DAY FEET M /L 1G/L ‘lG/L M(/L P ‘ G/L P
7?/10/14 Oq 10 0.035 0 . o 0.t 56 .) .3 1j 0.110
7?/l1/1 I I 45 (‘.0 ? 0. ’50 3.C’.7 3.0’)7 0.042
7?/ 2/16 ii 00 0.3 -i’) p.717 ‘ .? u 0.014 O.0 7
73/01/13 11 30 0.460 ]. 00 i. 55Q u.02 0.050
73/02/10 10 45 0.-Ic 1. uC J. Mu u.160 0.?32
73/03/1 tO SO 7.!’ ’ 0.21k) o.0S 4 ( 1.210
73/04/0? 1445 0.0?3 ?.I Ci ).147 0.033
73/04/151450 ‘J.O lc O.73 0.015 0.01 0.0 .0
73/05/01 12 00 3.0?? o.c0 0.026 0.045
73/05/1R 11 45 .0J 1\ (j.07 0.0?1 0.050
71/06/03 10 30 0.3 0 (‘. 6 C.0 9 J.lT0
73/07/1.? 14 30 0.1 - 1.75@ .]I 0. 0 - 6 0.105
73/08/05 15 30 0.(H + 1.u SO 1,.100 0.04’.
71/O9/1 14 10 O .fj — Q 1.?0 (j.G75 0.03
LESS
K VALUE
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL D’ TE 74/10/30
?7O A? LS2709A2
4 3 e 30.0 096 49 00.0
LITTLE MINNESOTA IVE
‘7 1 , PFFVE
I/ 31G STONE LA$
-------
cT’)RET QETRIEVAL rAT 7’./IC/30
L270 1
45 18 10.0 09 27 00.0
M [ N1 JSOT.A PIVFi
27 i’- OPTONVILLF
u/ 1G STONE LAKE
DA’.i S OF O TONV!LLE
}1 ALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
O’ 630 00f ’S 00 10 0fl 71 00665
DATE TIME DEOTM NO2 .N03 TOT KJFL Nr43—N PHOS—OIS P -iOS—TOT
FROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL OPTHO
TO DAY FEET MC,/L MG/L Nfl/L ‘i(/L P MG/L ‘
72/10/14 11 35 O.0 3 2. ’S0 0.105 0.011 0.lf
7?fll/19 1220 J.130 1.300 0. 10 0.U1’e 0.050
7?/I2/lh 11 00 0.300 1.600 3.440 0.052 u.100
71/01/13 1400 0.315 ?. 00 0 0.670 0. OYF 0.1’ 5
71/02/10 14 00 (.13’3 2 . 0O Ii.750 0.042 0.0 3
71/D3/1 11 40 0.3 0 1. 90 0 . 6P0 0.0i 0.125
73/04/021545 0.OiO 2.300 0.01 5 O.02 ’
73/04/15 15 5 .01O ?.lu O 3.012 0.07
71/05/01 13 10 1.640 J.13 0.0S 0.175
73/05/19 13 15 0.056 1.54( J. 19P 0.0 1k 0.110
71/06/03 11 43 0.3’ 0 ?.11() 0.12C 0.0Q 0.125
71/07/12 15 30 0.04k 1. PJ 0.313 0.070 3.170
73/OR/OS 16 10 0.1 fl 2.00 0.450 (.114
73/09/jR 17 05 0.011 1. 00 0.057 0.12h
K VALUE KNOWN TO -3E LESS
T iL. J INDICATED
-------
STOPET QETRIEVA r)Ar 74/13/30
2109C1 LS270 C1
45 17 30.0 O 3€’ 27 .30.0
w fTST0NE RIVEP
27 lc OPTONVILLE
1/1116 STOtIE LAI-cE
uS 12 RDG FLO MIL’iANK SO
LIEPALES 211120-’
0000 FE DEPTH
00 30 0062S O OA 1O 00671 00665
OATE TIME OF T rRi2 NO3 TOT KJEL NH3—N PHOS—UjS P1105—TOT
FROM OF J TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO F)AY FEET MG/L “1G/ MG/L M( /L ‘-‘ MG/L P
7?/1l/19 1 00 1.601) - 0.160
73/33/IR 11 50 1.363 0.330 0.105 0.250
71/04/0? 15 50 0.? ’i s 1.’- ’0 ) 0.??0 0.0 91 i.150
71/04/15 15 55 (‘.011 1.150 0.013 0.050 0.115
73/05/01 13 ‘0 0.0?? 3.150 0.060 0.037 0.OPC)
71/05/19 1340 0.010K 0.- ” 0 0.018 0.027 0.100
73/06/03 ii 35 0.3 40 1.10 : ) 0.105 0.007 0.165
71/07/1? 1545 0.01’1K 3.100 1.140 0.039 0.130
73/OR/OS 1’ 45 1.017 1. 1 cr 0.036 0.040 0.185
73/09/IP 18 00 0.010K ?. ‘OO 0.u32
1< VALUE KNO ’ TO BE LESS
THAN I - -
-------
STORET PETRIEVAL OATE 7 +/10/30
2709 1)1 L 52709D1
45 ?3 10.0 096 31 00.0
UNN MEL) STPEA
27 1’- HIG STONE LAK
T/ IIG STONE LAKE
ST HwY 7 xIN ; 6.5 MI N OF ORTONVILLE
1IEPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
0625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH riQ? sC3 TOT KJEL NH3—N PHOS—DIS PHOSTOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL TOTAL UQTr O
TO DAY FEET MG/L MAIL MAIL P
7?/10/14 11 00 0.056 0.550 0.09? 0.0?9 0.105
7?/)1/1 09 45 0.053 0.1 0 0.115 0.025 0.056
7?/1?/1 09 00 0.050 0.540 ).?40 0.017 0.050
73/01/11 10 30 0.540 0.240 0.014 0.070
73/02/10 09 30 0.05? 0.33u 0.13? 0.016 0.045
73/03/1 09 L.0 3.300 1.470 0.?45 0.042 0.140
73/04/0? 13 20 0.’O’) 1.100 0.060 0.022 0.067
73/04/15 13 50 0.015 0. 5 0 3.02 •).0?6 0.065
73/05/01 10 45 0.0 17 0.700 0.016 0.035 0.050
73/05/19 10 10 0.010K 0.4 0 0.073 0.027 0.075
73/06/03 QQ 40 0.610 0.750 0.063 0.0?R 0.0S5
71/07/1? 13 30 0.O IM 2.700 0.470 0.044 0.125
73/0 /0S 14 00 0.OI 1.050 0.0k? 0.063 0.170
73/09/15 1L SO 0.0 1.100 0.056 0.046 0.115
K VALU’i KNOWN TO 3E LLSS
Ti-IAN t’JOICATFF)
-------
STOPET RETPIEVAL OATI 7 ./10/J0
?7 09 [ 1 L 52709E1
‘.5 23 30.0 096 32 30.0
LINNAMEI) STREAM
27 15 BIG STONE LA$(
T/’UG STONE LAIcE
St H Y 7 XING 8 MI NW OF O TONVILLF
1IEPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00675 00610 00b71 O06 ’5
DATE TIME r)FPTI-i NO? NO1 TOT KJEL Np-43-N PriOS—PIS PHOS—TOT
FP0 OF ‘1—TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET 6/L HG/I M(/L P MG/L P
77/10/1k 10 cs 1.3 ’ 0.5 0 0.060 0.044 0.085
7?/1l/19 11) 00 .S)O 0.160 (‘.04tJ 0.01 0.043
7?/ 12/16 09 30 3.900 0.3’.0 0.08? .027 0.036
73/01/11 10 60 3.900 0.160 0.100 0.0 ? 0.040
73/07/10 09 40 1.6 0 1.062 0.019 0.035
71/33/19 09 55 2• 3Ø 0.530 0.105 0.021 0.050
73/04/07 13 40 ?.6fl’) i’.7 0 .030 0.030 0.055
73/04/15 14 15 ).O.?’ (‘ . 0 0.0 u.0 0 0.035
73/05/01 10 c 1.Qi 0. .0 i 0.”4 0.02 0.040
73/O5/1 10 30 .6.i0 0.051 0.020 O.U4
73/06/03 09 50 j•7’ ) 1.370 u.31 5 0.059 0.O S
71/07/1? 11 ‘0 .0”0 0.700 0.1 0 n. 03q 0.C7Q
73/08/0 S 14 ?0 ?.9(0 0.6 ’) ).037 0.031 0.0 55
73/09/19 16 40 3.00 0.65’ fl.0 9 0.039 0.055
-------
STORET P TR1FVAL DATE 74/10/30
?70’ Fl LS2709F1
‘+5 b 00.0 096 38 30.0
U JNAMED ST EAM
27 15 HIG STONE LAK
T/’iI(, STONE LAKE
5T Hwy XING 13 MI NW OF ORTONVILLE
1 IEPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665
DATE TIME DEPTH NO2 NO3 TOT KJEL Ni-fl-N PHQS—f)jS hOS—TOT
FROM OF N—TOTAL N TOTAL ORTHO
TO DAY FEET MG/L iG/L MG/L rl(/L P P1G/L P
7?fJO/I’- 10 40 0.034 0.450. 0.070 0.035 0.060
7?/1l/19 10 10 0.154 0.7 0 0.069 0.005K 0.027
7?/i?/16 1000 0.273 0 . 30 0.120 0.027 0.036
73/01/13 tO 50 0.252 0.420 0.13 0.005K 0.015
73/02/10 09 55 0.270 0.770 0.0F f1 0.011 0.015
73/03/18 10 10 0.6H0 0.7’O 0.115 0.020 0.055
73/04/0? 14 05 0.029 Ø 3QQ 0.035 0.016 0.030
73/04/15 14 00 2.600 1. ’i9’ 0.067 0.030 0.110
73/05/01 11 15 0.075 1. R0 0.520 0.164 0.300
7l/O5/l 10 45 0.023 0. 70 0.0 3 0.026 0.0 0
73/06/01 10 10 0.37 2.’60 0.063 0.011 0.070
73/0-7/12 13 45 0.0’46 3.150 0.?10 0.068 0.123
73/08/05 14 30 0.0Q4 0.760 0.075 0.030 0.067
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS
THAN INDICATED
-------
STDi ET PETPIEVAL DATE 74/1 /3Q
27OYG1 LS270961
45 30 30.0 09f 43 00.0
FISH CPEEK
27 15 BEAPDSLEY
T/PIG STONE LAKE
Co HWY 51 XING 3 MI S OF BEARI)SLEY
11LPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
nc 30 oO 5 0o - ,10 0Of 71
DATE uHF DFPTH NO?\N03 TOT KJEL NH3—N P -iOS—DIS PHOS—TOT
FPOM OF •J—T OTAL N TOTAL OPT-1()
TO DAY FEET MG/L M(;/( MG/L MG/L P MG/L r
.72/10/1 ” 1030 0.170 1.700 0.07P 0.Of’3 i.13R
72/11/19 10 30 0.7 3 0.3?0 f.07P 0.03] O• 094
7?/1?/1 10 20 0.700 0. 0 u.1B 0.0 4 0.132
71/01/13 11 00 0. 00 1.300 0.190 0.0H4 0.140
73/02/10 10 15 0.R13 0.SMO 0.16R 0.031 0.(H0
73/03/tM 10 30 13.200 ?. 00 0.290 0.154 0.270
71/04/0 1’. 75 3.533 1.5 +0 0.071 0.03?
73/04/15 14 40 0.150 1. I Ofl 0.05? 0.04? 0.105
73/05/01 11 40 1.3 0 0.7 0 0.034 0.0 3.130
73/05/1 11 13 0.04f 0.910 0.07? 0.?00 0.300
73/Q /03 11 00 ‘.770 1.?00 0.147 0.021
73/07/17 14 00 0.1?0 1.?e0 J.?H0 0.070 0.110
73/OR/OS 14 50 0. OSH 0.790 0.C4P 0.320 0.390
73/09/1R 1400 0.0’ - 7.100 0.310 0.0 5 0.1l
-------
ST)PET ETk1EVAL DATE 74/10/30
270951 TF2709S 1
45 35 20.0 096 50 00.0
‘ POWNS VALLEY
27 15 PEEVER .SD
1/RIG STONE LAKE
MINNESOTA RIVER
1 IEPALES
4
00630
00625
00610
00671
00665 50051
DATE
TIME DEPTi-4 N0 .NO3
TOT PcJEL
N’13-N
PHOS—DIS
PHOS—TOT FLOW CONDUIT
FROM
OF
N-TOTAL
N
TOTAL
ORTHO
RATE FLOW—MGD
P00 090 6
2141204
0000 FEET DEPTH
50053
TO
DAY
FEET
MG/L
NG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L P
INST MGO
MONTHLY
73/01/31
11
00
C°(T)—
1.200
38.000
7.600
4.200
8.400
0.150
73/0)131
13
00
73/02/26
11
00
CP(T)—
1.370
25.003
5.700
3.200
0.150
71/02/26
13
00
71/03/27
09
00
CP(T)—
1.903
7.300
0.190
0.870
1.650
0.100
71/03/27
11
00
71/04/2’.
11
00
CP(T)—
0.900
S.?O0
6.500
3.500
6.500
0.100
73/04/24
13
00
71/05/29
10
00
C0(T) _
1.580
12.000
0.450
2.200
6.800
0.200
73/05/29
13
00
73/06/19
I I
00
CP(T)—
7.500
11. O0
3.198
3.000
6.200
0.200
73/06/19
13
00
71/07/27
II
00
CP(T)—
2.310
30.000
9.000
3.780
8.100
0.200
71/07/?7
13
00
73/12/1?
08
00
CP(T)—
5.000
ie.000
4.500
4.800
8.100
0.125
0.147
71/12/1?
15
30
74/01/1’.
08
00
CP(T)—
f .8 0
‘7.000
5.400
4.000
‘ .300
0.1 88
0.144
74/01/14
14
00
74/02/20
OR
00
CP(T)—
0.MMU
IQ.CO0
4.300
3.520
7.800
0.18’.
0.150
74/02/20
15
00
74/03/11
08
00
•
CP(T)—
I.1 J
? ‘ .. 3f;
7.200
1.600
7.700
0.190
0.180
74/03/13
16
30
74/05/Ic
09
00
CP(T)—
J.’ 5O
7?. O0
4.656
3.080
10.000
0.120
0.130
7 ’ ./oS/I5
IS
CO
------- |