United Stttv
Environmental Protection
Aomcy
Offloi of PwlddM and Toxic
Offlo* of Pwicfd* Program! (TS-766C)
WMiington. DC 2O460
vvEPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical:
Reason for Issuance:
Date Issued:
Fact Sheet Number:
CAPTAN, N-trichloromethvlthio-A-
cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
Issuance of Registration Standard
March 6, 1986
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Description of Chemical
Generic Name: N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-l,
2-dicarboximide
Common Name: Captan
Trade Names: Merpan, Orthocide, SR-406, and Vaneide 89
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 081301
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number: 133-06-2
Year of Initial Registration: 1951
Pesticide Type: Fungicide
U.S. Producer: Chevron Chemical Company
Stauffer Chemical Company
Makteshim Beer Sheva Chemical Works, Ltd.
Calhio Chemicals, Inc.
Use Patterns and Formulations
Application Sites: Captan (N-trichlorcmethylthio-4-cyclohexene-l ,2-
dicarboximide) is a fungicide federally registered for use on almonds,
apples, apricots, asparagus, avocados, beans, beets, blackberries,
blueberries, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots,
cauliflower, celery, cherries, corn (sweet), cotton, cranberries,
cucumbers, dewberries, eggplants, grapefruits, grapes, honeydew
melons, kale, lemons, lettuce, limes, mangoes, mustard, nectarines,
onions, oranges, peaches, pears, peas, peppers, pineapples, plums,
potatoes, pumpkins, quinces, raspberries, rhubarb, rutabagas, soybeans,
spinach, squach, strawberries, tangelos, tangerines, taro, tomatoes,
turnips, and watermelons. The following crops may be seed-treated:
Alfalfa, asparagus, barley, beans, beans (lima), beets (table),
bluegrass, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes,
carrots, cauliflower, clover, collards, conifers (Douglas fir, Red
pine, Scotch pine, Norway spruce), corn (field and sweet), cotton,
cowpeas, crucifers, cucumbers, eggplants, flax, forage grasses,
kale, lentils, lespedeza, millet, milo, muskmelons, mustard, oats,
okra, onions, peanuts, peas, peppers, pineapples, pumpkins, radishes,
rape, rice, rutabagas, rye, safflower, sesame, small-seeded legumes,
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sorghum, soybeans, spinach, squash, sugar beets, sunflc iers, Swiss
chard, tanatoes, trefoil, turnips, watermelons, and wheat. Ornamental
crc uses include: foliar applications to azaleas, begonias (tubercxis),
camel li as, carnations, chrysanthemiins, d ichondra, grasses (ornamental
in nonpastered areas only), grasses (lawn seedbeds), hollyhocks,
lilacs, snapdragons, spireas, roses, and stocks; for soil in plant
beds and on green house benches used for the culture of flowers, roses
shrubs and trees; and as a dip application to gladiolus corms, to
begonia tubers, and to azalea cuttings. Captan may be applied to
packing boxes for use in storage and shipping of fruits and vegetables
and to soil used in greenhouses for culture of ornamentals and
vegetables.
Household Uses Include: application to fruit, vegetable and ornamental
gardens, house plants and lawns, in paints (oil based), on surfaces
(awnings, blankets, boats, closets, clothing, draperies, floors,
leather goods, luggage, mattresses, rugs, shoes, storage rooms,
upholstery, walls, workshops, and on other articles. Industrial uses
include incorporation into lacx uers, paints (oil based), paper,
paste (wallpaper flour), plasticizers, polyethylene, rubber
stabilizer, textiles, vinyl, and vinyl resins.
Types of Foritu lat ions: I)ists, wettable powders, ajueous suspensions,
and granules.
Types and Methods of Application: I).lsting, spraying, misting, dipping,
mixing, and low pressure bomb aerosols.
Application Rates: See use patterns in Compilations of Registered
Uses of Fungicides and Nematicides, Part I, Pages C1OOO-O1 to
C10O0 .21.
Usual Carriers: Clay, talc, silica, and water.
3. Scientific Findings
Chemical Characteristics:
Physical State: Pure is white crystals, technical is white to
boff colored arrorphous powder.
Color: White to boff
Odor: Pure is odorless, the technical is pungent.
Melting Point: 158164 °C
Vapor Pressure: Less than 10 m Hg at 25 °C.
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in
acetone, ethanol, kerosene, ,cylene, chloroform,
and benzene.
Stability: Regarded as stable. Decomposes slowly at the
melting point. In solution captan decomposes
rapidly depending on the pH and te perature,
being slower at pH 4 and rapid at pH above 10.
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Toxicity Characteristics :
Acute Oral LD 50 - Rat - 9 gm/kg, Category iv
Acute Inhalation LD50 - Rat males 5.8 mg/L, Category III
females ) 8.9 riujL, Category III
Eye Irritation Rabbit corneal opacity, iris and conjunctive
irritation present through day 21, Category I.
Dermal Sensitization Moderate sensitizer.
Subchronic Rodent Filled by the 2 year chronic feeding study in rats.
Teratogenicity Rabbit not teratogenic at 6, 12, 25, or 60 mg/kg/day.
Maternal toxicity observed as weight loss at high
dosage.
Hamster dosed at 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day.
Severe maternal weight loss at 400 mg/kg/day. Incidence of
skeletal abnormalities; i. e., fused ribs, was increased
at high dosage. These lesions were considered to be within
normal background incidence.
Reproduction and Fertility Effects (feeding)
a. Three Generation Reproduction Study Rats: Rats were
fed 25, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day for three
generations. Body weight reductions occurred at
100, 250, and 500 mg/kgJday and a reduction of food
consumption occurred at 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg
in F 1 males and F 2 females. Pup litter weights
were decreased in all dosage groups.
b. One Generation Reproduction Study Rats: Rats
were fed a diet of 6, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg/day.
treatnent related effects due to captan were seen.
(The t.OEL for these studies (a and b) when ca bined,
is 12.5 mg/kg/day.)
Mutagenicity
i. Gene Mutation
o In vivo smatic mutation assay with mice no mutations were
Eserved.
o Captan was mutagenic to various strains of S.. typhimurium in
saline. Decreased mutagenicity was observed when captan was
incubated with blood or urine. Captan was not mutagenic
in the host rr diated assay in mice or rats with S. typhimurium
hisG46 or T l950. Negative findings were also obtained
in vitro with blood or urine of captan-treated mice or rats.
o Captan was rm.itagenic for point mutations in E. coli and
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S. typhiniirium . H iever, it did not produce heritable chroncson
aberratior in vivo (this was the oDnclus ion of a working group
chaired by W. M. Generoso.)
o Captan was not mutagenic for the dcninant lethal test using C3H male
and SLR-ICR female mice. significant increases in chrcxiosanal
aberrations were observed in human fibroblasts in vitro or in bone
marr i cells of Wistar rats in vivo .
ii. Chra sana1 Aberrations
o Chinese hamster 179 cells were treated with captan technical at
concentrations up to 6.0 x 10 M. Chrt sanal aberrations were
observed at 4.5 x i0 5 . Increased frequency of sister chrcrnatid
exchanges were observed at 1 .5 x i0 M and above.
iii. Unscheduled D Synthesis (UDS)
o W138 cells were incubated with captan technical and tritiated
thyrnidine for 3 hr without or 1 hr with S9 activation. The
D was extracted and the incorporated labeled thymidine counted.
Captan did not induce UDS in W138 cells.
Chronic Toxicity (feeding)
a. Rat
In a rat feeding study at 0, 25, 100 and 250 rrc /Kg/day treatmant
related neoplasms (renal tutxilar adenanas and carcinanas) in males
were observed at 100 and 250 r /Kg/day. The LEL was 100 nk /kg/day
based on hepatocellular hypertrophy, increased kidney weight (male
and female) and decreased body weight (male and female). The I DEL
was 25 no/Kg/day. This study partially satisfies the chronic testing
requiremant for registration.
Oncogenicity (feeding)
a. Rat
See a above, chronic toxicity in the rat.
b. Mouse ( high dose study )
In a CD- ]. nouse study technical captan at dietary concentrations
of 6 ,000, 10 ,000, and 16 ,000 p xn induced both benign and
malignant duodenal turrors in both males and females.
C. Mouse ( l i dose study )
In a second CD-i n xise study there was an increased incidence
of focal hyperplasia, adenana/polyp(s) and primary carcincinas
in the gastrointestinal track of both male and female mice
at the highest level tested (6,000 p n) and a possible increase
at the lc ier dosage levels.
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Physiological and Biochemical Behavioral Characteristics :
Foliar Absorption: Captan and/or its tretabolites and degradates is
(are) absorbed by roots and shoot of plants.
Trarsiocation: Captan and/or its metabolites and degradates is (are)
translocated in plant tissue. Captan and/or its rrietabolites and
degradates is (are) absorbed and translocated within plants as a
result of seed treatment, soil treatment and foliar application.
Mechanism of Pesticidal Action: Unknc in
Metabolism and Persistence in Plants and Animals: The metabolism and
accunulation of captan in plants are not understood. The
metabolism of captan is understood for ruminants but not for
avian species.
Environmental Characteristics : Data gap
Ecological Characteristics :
Hazards to Fish and Wildlife
Bluegill sunfish 96 hr LC = 0.047 0.111 ppe
Rainb i trc*.it 96 hr LC = 0 .066 0 .080 p xn
Characterized as very highly toxic to both cold water and warm
water fish.
Daphnia magna : 48 hr LC = 7.06 9.96 p n
oderately toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
Avian 1\Dxicity: LC = quail > 2400 p n
Avian Reproduction: Available data indicate that captan does not
impair avian reproduction.
Potential problems related to endangered species. The P ency
has made a preliminary finding that the use of captan as a
fungicide in rice, cranberries, and citrus may affect the status
of endangered birds, fish, and insect species. An endangered
bat may be affected by the use of captan on taro in Hawaii. The
Agency will seek the opinion of the U.S. FLsh and Wildlife
Service in these matters, to better determine what, if any,
actions are necessary to protect these species.
Efficacy Review Results:
Captan product registrations with EPA have been supported with
efficacy data. 1 lerant strains of target plant pathogens have not
been reported.
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Tolerance Assessents:
1. List of Crcps and Tolerances:
The foll ing table lists the present status for tolerances in
parts per million (pgrn) for residues of captan:
Part Per Million
in
Captan
Residues
Raw Agricultural Cc modity U.S.
Canada
Mexico
Codex
ALMOND, HULLS 100 .01*
ALMONtS 2.01
APPLES 25.0** 5.0 25.0 25.0
APRICOTS 50.0 5.0 20.0
AVOCAIX 25.0 - - -
BEArS, DRY 25.01 25.0
BEMS, SUCCULENT 25.01 25.0 10.0
BEETS, GREE?S 100 .0
BEEIS, i ors 2.0
BLACKBERRIES 25.0 -
BLUEBERRIES (HUCKLEBERRIES) 25.0 5.0 20.0
BROCCOLI 2.0 2.0
BRUSSELS SPI fIS 2.0 -
CABBP E 2.0 2.0
CAN ALO(JPS 25.0 25.0
CAR1 JTS 2.0 2.0
CATILE, FAT 0.05
CATTLE, MBYP 0 .05
CATTLE, MEAT 0.05
CP 1JLIFLCWJER 2.0 2.0
CELERY 50.0 50.0
CHERRIES 100 .0 5.0 50 .0
COLLAREE 2.0
CORN, SWEET (K+CWHR) 2.0 2.0
OT ON, SEED 2.0 2.0
CRABAPPLES 25.0 5.0 25.0 25.0
CRABERRIES 25.0 5.0 10.0
CtJCUMBE 25.0 25 .0 10 .0
DEWBERRIES 25.0 - -
EXGPLANr 25.0
GARLIC 25.0 25.0
GRAPEFRUIT 25.01 15.0
GRAPES 50.0 5.0
*1 Interim tolerance pending evaluation (under Special Review) of
trar fer of captan residues to neat, milk, and eggs frcxn feeding the raw
agricultural ccxrvdity or their byproducts.
** Established tolerance under regulation, Section 180 .103, 40 CER.
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Continued.
Part r
Million
in
Captan
Residues
Raw Agricultural Camod
ity U.S.
Canada
-
Mexico
Codex
HOGS, FAT 0.05
HOGS, MBYP 0.05
HCX3S, MEAT 0.05 -
HONEYDEW MELO( 6 25 .0 25 .0
KALE 2.0 - -
LEEKS 50.0
LEtOt S 25.01 15.0
LET11J 100 .0 100 .0 10 .0
LIMES 25.01 15.0
MA OES 50.0 50.0
MUSKMELOtS 25.0 25.0
MUSTARD, GREEtS 2.0 - - -
NEC AR1NES 50 .0 -
ONIOtE, DRY BULB 25.0 - 25.0
ONIOt E, GREEN 50.0 - 50.0 -
ORAI I3ES 25.01 15.0
PEACHES 50.0 5.0 40.0 15.0
25.0 5.0 25.0 25.0
PEAS, DRY 2.0 - 2.0
PEAS, SUCCULENT 2 .0 - 2.0 -
PEPPE 25.0 - 10.0
PIMEt1 103 25.0 10.0
PINEAPPLES 25.01 25.0
PLU? S (FRESH PRUNES) 100 5.0 10 .0
TKIOES 25.01 2 .0 1 5.0
PUMPKItS 25.0 - -
QUINJES 25.0 - -
RASPBERRIES 25.0 5.0 10.0
RHUBARB 25.0 - 15.0
R1JTAB.A AS, ROOTS 2 .0 -
SHALLO1S 50 .0 -
SOYBEArS, DRY 2 .0 2 .0
SOYBEAtE, SUCCULENT 2.0 2.0 -
SPI Gi 100.0 100.0 20.0
)UASH, SUMMER 25.0 - - -
SQUASH, WINTER 25.0 - - -
STRAWBERRIES 25.0 5.0 25.0 20 .0
TAt 3ERI NES 25.01 15.0
TA D (OORN) 0.25 -
TOMATOES 25.0 5.0 15.0
I1JRNIPS, GREEtS 2.0 - -
IIJRNIPS, O1S 2.0 -
WATERMELOtE 25.0 25.0
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A feed aiditive regulation ( 561.65, Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations;
Parts 500 to 599) permits residues of captan at 100 .0 p xn remaining on corn
seed fran its intended use as a seed protectant after detreatuent. Detreated
corn seed can be used only as a feed for cattle and hogs up to 14 days prior
to slaughter.
A food aiditive regulation (S193 40, Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations
Parts 170 to 199) permits 50.0 ppn residues of captan in or on washed raisins
when present as a result of fungicidal treatment by preharvest application to
grapes and postharvest application during the drying process.
tb tolerances have been established for captan residues in or on any crc
c iodity for which captan is registered solely for seed or plant propagule
application, because heretofore seed or plant propagule applications were
considered as nonfood uses. Seed use sites are listed under Use Patterns
and Forntilations.
Data Gaps in Residue Chemistry
o Available plant metabolism data are not catpletely adequate for
identifying the rnetabolites that may result fran the maximum uses
and necessary to support the established tolerances.
o Available animal metabolism data are not adequate to support the
tolerances in meat; and to establish tolerances in milk, and
poultry and eggs.
o For enforcement purposes, FtY S Pesticide Analytical Marnial, Method I,
Vol. II, Pesticide Regulation Section 180.103 is acceptable for plant
caninirxlities. o validated method is available for enforcement of
tolerances for residues of captan in animal catutodities.
o Inadequate data are available on the storage stability of residues
of captan in animal camodities or in or on plant caTnodities.
o The follc ing uses need tolerances to all i continued registrations:
California, Special Local Needs registration CA780027 Use of
captan as a seed treatment or as a root dip in the culture of
asparagus.
Washington, Special Local Needs registration WA800035 Use of
captan as a seed treatment or as a soil treatment in the culture of
kohirabi.
Usepatterns for treatment of soil and greenhouse benches in which
vegetables (without tolerances) are gr n.
o The data are insufficient to assess the established tolerance for residues
in or on detreated seed corn because no data were sutrnitted depicting
residues resulting fran detreated seed that originally had been treated at
the rnaxin jin alla iab1e rate A mechanism must be implemented to prevent
the feeding of detreated seed corn which contains residues of pesticides in
addition to those of Captan.
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o HeretofOre, seed treatments and plant propagule treatments have
been coneidered nonfood uses. Available plant metabolism data indicate
that residues of captan may be taken up into mature plants fr n treated
seed. therefore, seed treatments are uses for which residue data
and requests for EPA Pesticide Petitions for proposed tolerances
must be submitted.
o Processing studies are required for the foll ing cai odities:
potatoes, beans, soybeans, tanatoes, oranges, plums, sweet corn,
and cottonseed.
o Captan may be used as a ccxnponent of paper and paper board
that may cc ne in contact with aqueous and fatty foods (21 CFR
176.170(c)]. Residue data to support this regulation are required
to support the EPA registered use-pattern. Alternatively, label
amendments are required to restrict the use of captan-treated
packing boxes for fruits and vegetables having tolerances for
residues of captan.
o The theoretical maximum residue contribution (l C) fran established
tolerances is 12 nv/day based a 1.5 kg diet. The changes in the
residue definition, the requested tolerance proposals, and the
pending tolerances noted above will all affect a change in the
TMRC level. The data requirements to support established tolerances
as listed in 40 CFR 180 .103 are identified.
o The Provisional Maximum Permissible Intake (PMPI) for a 60 kg
person is 0.75 ma/day based on a Provisional Acceptable Daily
Intake (P DI) of 0.0125 mg/kg. The present IMRC represents 1600
percent of the PMPI. The inclusion of the major netabolite
(ThPI) in the tolerance expression may result in an increase in
the 1IIRC and a greater percentage of the PMPI utilized.
o The PADI for captan is based on a reproductive toxicity study in
rats. A no-observec effect level ( DEL) was established at 12.5
rr /k /day for decreased pup weights. A safety factor of 1000 is
used to derive the PADI because there was only chronic data on
one species. The PADI will be changed to an ADI when chronic
data on a second species (nonrodent) are submitted and found
adequate. The data fran the mst sensitive species and a safety
factor of 100 will be used. The )EL of 12.5 rrv/kg/day was based
on reproductive toxicity excluding the issue of onoogenicity for
which a risk assessment has been made.
4. Suini ary of Regulatory Positions and Rationale
The Agency has concluded that studies conducted with mice and rats have
sh in statistically significant increases in incidences of certain tujrors.
Use of captan results in dietary and envirorinental exposure that may pose
unreasonable risks to human health unless certain steps are taken. Accordingly,
the Agency proposed in the Federal Register of June 21, 1985 ( ) FR 25884)
to cancel or deny federal registrations of products containing captan for use
on food crops with the proviso that in the final decision EPA would continue
any use on food where data submitted denonstrate that captan residues on food
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are sufficiently 1c ier than EPAS estimates or that alternative application
n thods will sufficiently reduce dietary exposure to captan. EPA also proposed
in its preliminary determination that protective clothing and/or equiprr nt be
worn or used for specific nonfood agricultural and nonagricultural uses of
captan and that revised labeling be required on products intended for non-food
uses. Extensive dietary data are due frcxn registrants in May, 1987. A
decision docun nt, Position E cun nt inber 4, is expected to be issued in
August, 1988.
Required labeling reflects use restrictions needed to reduce human exposure
to captan. The foll iiing areas of labeling will be required within 90
days fran the receipt of the Standard:
1. Ingredient Staten nts
2. Precautionary Staten nts
3. Envirortn nta1 Hazards Staten nts
4. Use Precaution Statenents
Suninary of Risk/Benefit Review
An EPA docunent entitled Intent to Cancel Registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Captan; Availability of Position Docurtent 2/3
(50 FR 2588425899, June 21, 1985) discusses the risks and benefits of
cap tan.
5. Sumary of Major Data Gaps
Product Chemistry
Tox ico logy
Acute Testing
Subchronic Testing
Chronic Testing
Special Testing
Environnental Fate
Phutodegrat ion
Metabolism Studies Laboratory
Mobility Studies
Dissipation Studies Field
Accunulation Studies
Subdivision K, Reentry Studies
Wildlife and Aquatic Organisns
Aquatic Organism Testing
bntarget Insect Testing Aquatic Insects
Residue Chemistry
6. Contact person at EPA
Eugene M. Wilson
Assistant Product Manager (21)
Fungicide/Herbicide Branch
Registration Division (TS767C)
Office of Pesticide Programs
Washington, D. C. 20460
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