United States Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Office of Pesticide Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington, DC 20460
Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: CARBOPHENOTHICN
Reason for Issuance:
Date Issued: June 30, 1984
Fact Sheet Number: 25
1. DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL
Chemical Name: &-[[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]raethyl)
OfO-diethyl phosphorodithioate
Cannon Name: Carbophenothion
Trade Name: Trithion*
EPA Shaughnessy code: 058102
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number: 786-19-6
Pesticide Type: Insecticide and Acaricide
Chemical family: Organophosphate
U.S. and foreign producers: Stauffer Chemical Co.
2. USE PATTERNS AND FORMULATIONS
0 Registered for use on a wide variety of vegetable, fruit, nut, forage,
ornamentalr and forestry sites.
0 Majority of pesticide use is on citrus.
e Coimercially available as dust, granular, pelleted, wettable powder,
and emulsifiable concentrate formulations.
e Applied as foliar applications using either ground or aerial equipment.
Dormant and delayed dormant applications are made to some fruit and
nut trees. There are also limited uses as a seed treatment, dip, and
soil insecticide.
c See also EPA Index Entry for carbophenothion.
3. SCIENCE FINDINGS
Carbophenothion has data gaps in areas of toxicology, environmental fate,
and ecological effects. A summary of the science findings based on the
available data is provided below:
Chemical Characteristics
Physical State: Liquid
Odor: Mild mercaptan
Color: Yellow-brown
Empirical formula:
Molecular weight: 34279
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Vapor pressure 0.008 u at 25°C
solubility in water: 0.34 p at 20°C
specific gravity: 1.274 at 20°C
pH: 2.43
boiling point: 82°C at 0.01 nn g
miscibility: miscible with ncst organic solvents such as petroleum
ether, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethers, alcohol and ketones.
1OXI LOCY
Acute Oral Toxicity: 0.02 mi/kg in male rats
Reproduction: A rat three year generation study had a NOEL of 10 ppn
Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity: not neurotoxic at 330 rig/kg
2-Year D g Feeding Study: NOEL of 5
Adequate studies are unavailable to assess the acute toxicological effects
of carbophenothion. Preliminary data indicate that carbophenothion is in
Toxicity Category I on the basis of acute oral effects. Carbophenthion
ia a cholinesterase inhibitor. It is not adequately tested for acute
toxicology, chronic toxicity, oncogenicity or teratology.
LOGICAL EFFDI3
Freshwater Fish Acute Toxicity
Col ater fish: rainb trout 56 ppb
War ater fish: bluegill sunfish 13 ppb
Avian Acute Oral Toxicity
Bobwhite quail 320 n Jkg
Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates
adult Pala netes - 1.2 b
Acute Toxicity to Marine and Estuarine Organi9ns
pink shrmp 0.47 ppb
sheepshead ininn - 17 ppb
Chronic Toxicity for Marine and Estuarine Organi s
grass shrinp life cycle study - Maxinurn Acceptable Theoretical
Concentration (MATC) >0.22<0.36 ppb
sheepshead minflG. embryo/juvenile study MArC >1.3(2.8 ppb
Carbophenothion is characterized as very highly toxic to freshwater and
marine/estuarine organis and highly toxic to upland gamebirds. See dis-
cussion under Section 4 (Suimary of Regulatory Position and Rationale].
vI 4ENrAL Q1 74ISTRY
Available data are insufficient to assess the envirorm ntal fate of carbo
phenothion or to assess the potential exposure of hi nans and non-target
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oroanigns to cartxphenoth ion. Preliminary data indicate that carbophenoth ion
is relatively irm bile in sandy 1o r soils. Ho ver The ency cannot
more ccznpletely assess the potential for carbophenoth ion to contaminate
groundwater- tmtil data are sutnitted. Prel uninary data indicate that.
there mey be a potential for carbophenothion to accumulate in spot and
juvenile sheepshead minn s.
TOLERANCE REA SPSS
ltlerances for nbined residues of the insecticide cartx phenothion (S- [ p-
chlorophenylthio)methyl) 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate) and its cholinesterase-
inhibiting inetabolites in or on raw agricultural mcdities are established
as fo1l s:
10 parts per million in or on aIiia d hulls.
5 parts per million in or on alfalfa (fresh), alfalfa (hay), bean
straw, clover, (fresh), clover ha, corn forage, sorghum forage,
sugarbeets (roots), sugarbeets (tops).
4 parts per million in or on blueberries.
2 parts per mill ion in or on grapefruit, leions, 1. lines, oranges,
sorghum grain, tangerines.
0.8 part per million in or on apples; apricots; beans, snap (succulent
form); beans, 1 ima (succulent form); beets, garden (roots); bee,
garden (tops); cantaloupe; cherries; crabapples; cucunbers; eggplants;
figs; grapes; nectarines; olives; onions (dry bulb); onions (green);
peaches; pears; peas (succulent form); peppers; pimentos; plums (fresh
prunes) quinces; soybeans (succulent form); spinach; strawberries;
stmner squash; tmatoes; watermelons.
0.2 part per million in or on corn (kernels plus cth with husks
reTloved), undel inted cottonseed.
0.1 part per million in the fat of meat of cattle, goats, hogs and
sheep.
0.1 part per million (negligible residue) in or on beans (dry)
pecans, and walnuts.
Zero in milk.
The tolerances are published in 40 CFR 180.156. 7blerances for numerous
raw agricultural cc miodities as well as processed products are not
supported by available data.
No new crop groupings can be established at this time because of extensive
residue ch nistry data gaps. Onpat ibil ity between Codex MRL s and U. S.
tolerances will be assessed data gaps specified in Table A have beer
suhi itted and evaluated.
The Acceptable I ily Intake (ADI) for carbophenothion is 0.0125 nc/kg/day.
This is based on an acceptable dog chronic feeding study with a No servab1e
Effect Level (t EL.) of 5.0 ppn and a safety factor of 10.
The Theoretical Max imun Residue Contribution (ThRC), based on relevant
food factors and the tolerances cited in 21 CFR 193.50 and 40 CFR 180.156,
is 0.5806 nc/day ass,.zning a 1.5 kg diet. Accordingly, the percentage of
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the ADI used up is 77.42%.
4. JPIc4ARY OF REXJLA IORY ITICt AND RM IONALE
The Agency has identified concerns over the potential adverse effects of
carbophenotion to aquatic and terrestial species. Based on a ptable
aquatic acute toxicity studies, it is calculated that the expected
concentration of carbcphenothion fo1l ing direct application to a
6-inth layer of water exceed 1/2 the acute toxicity level in aquatic
species. Based on a scientifically sound subacute dietary study, it
is calculated that the expected residues in avian foodstuffs follc .iirη
a single application of cadxiphenothion at a rate of 1 pound a. i.
per acre exceed 1/5 the subacute dietary toxicity in avian species.
In addition, althcugh there is insufficient information on the granular
formilations, the Agency expects that granular applications of car x phenothion
uld have an adverse irpact on birds.
A total risk asses nt cannot be made until gaps in the data base for
terrestrial species and envirccm ntal fate are filled.
The Agency is unable to oci p1ete a full tolerance reasses ent of car
txphenoth ion because of extensive residue chemistry and toxi legy data
gaps. Future requests for tolerances will not be autanatically rejected,
t jt will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
California has established reentry intervals for carbophenothion of 14
days for citrus, peaches, nectarines, and grapes; and 2 days for all
the other cr s. A federal reentry interval of 2 days for cartx henothion
has been established for all crq s under 40 CFR 170 The Agency is n
requiring 2 days for all I.LLY* uses of carbc phenothion on an interim
basis, and is requesting data for establishing permanent reentry
interval(s). The Agency is also requiring an interim 24 hour reentry
interval for the &iieetic outdoor usage on hate lawns and ornaTentals
and requesting data to enable the Agency to make a risk asses Tent.
The Agency has determined that all products warrant restricted-use
classification based on acute dermal toxicity. Registrants have the
cption of placing the restricted-use classification on the labeling,
or subuitting acute toxicity data to the Agency.
5. &Th2IABY OF MA3OR DPiTA GAPS
158,130 Enviroanental fate
1611 Hydrolysis
1612 Photodegradaticm In Water
1613 Photodegradation On Soil
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1614 pt tcxiegradation In Air
1621 Aerobic Soil tabo1i n Study
1622 Anaerobic Soil Metabolign Study
1623 Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolz n Study
1631 Leaching and Adsorption/DesOrptiOn Nobility Studies
1632 Volatility (Lab) ility Studies
1633 Volatility (Field) Nobility Studies
1641 Soil Dissipation Studies
1643 Forestry Dissipation Studies
1645 Soil, LongTeru Dissipation Studies
1651 tational Crops Accunulation Studies ( nfined)
1652 tationa1 Crops Accumilation Studies (Field)
1654 In Fish Acctinulation Studies
165-4 In Aquatic NonTarget Organi ns Acctsnulation Studies
154.140 Reentry Protection
158.135 Toxi lOqy
821 - 9Ot y Subchronic Feeding dent
831 Chronic Toxicity dent (rat)
832 - Oncogenicity rat and mouse
833 Teratogenicity 2 species
84-2 - Gene Mutation
83-2 - Cnrarosanal Aberration
83-2 Qther Mechani ns of Mutagenicity
158.145 Wildlife and Aquatic Organi ns
711 Avian Acute Oral Toxicity
712 Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity
722 Acute Toxicity To Freshwater Invertebrates
158.125 Residue th nistry
see under Tolerance Reasses&nent
6. Contact person at EPA
Willi E. Miller
Product Manaaer (16)
InsecticideRodentiCide Branch
Registration .Division (TS767C)
(703) 5572600
DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this themical Information Fact Sheet
is for informational purposes only and may not be used to fulfill data
requirements for pesticide registration and reregistration.
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