United States Office of Pesticides end Toxic Sufactences
Environmental Protection Office of Pestiod* Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington, DC 20460
x>EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: chiorothaionii
Reason for Issuance: Registration Standard
Date Issued: Se^>ts±er 30' 1986
Fact Sheet Number: 36
Description of the chemicali
Generic namez Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
«•"•->•*•» name: chiorothaionii
Trade names Bravo*, Bopcocide* H-96, Daconil*, Chiorothaionii Technical
Termilaj, Groutcide*, Mold-Ex*, Brovomil*
XPA Shaughneaay Codet 081901
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry number: 1897-45-6
Tear of initial registrationz 1966
Pesticide Typet Fungicide
Chemical familyi Chlorinated isophthaiic acid deriative
0.8. and foreign producers: SDS Biotech Corporation and Griffin Chemical
Company
Oae patterns and foraulationat
Application el teat chiorothaionii ia a chlorinated laophthalic add
derivative registered for use aa a fungicide to control a wide variety
of fungal diseases on both crop and noncrop sites. Chiorothaionii
la registered for uee on numeroua crop sites such aa fruita, vegetab-
les, and peanuts. In non-crop applicationa, chiorothaionii ia used
on ornamental sites, on turf, and aa a paint and grout additive.
Typaa of forsulationat chiorothaionii ia available in wattable pow-
der, granular flowable, pelleted/ tableted,.liquid suspension, and
soluble concentrate formulationa.
Types and methods of applicationa: chiorothaionii ia applied aa fol-
lows: broadcast, band, and soil surface using ground or aerial equip-
Application rates: 0.75 Iba. a.i./A to 3.0 Iba. a.i./A on crop
sites* and 1.125 Iba. a.i./A to 7.5 Iba. a.i./A on non-crop aitea.
Danal carrier z water.
Science Findingsz
of science findings:
Chiorothaionii breaks down In aerobic soil with a half-life
of 1 to 2 months with the formation of a major degradate,
4-hydro3cy-2,5,6-trlchl oroi sophthal on i tr ile, and several leaaer
degradataa. This breakdown appeara to be primarily the result
of Bicrobial degradation, since chiorothaionii ia relatively stable
to hydrolysis and photolysis. Chiorothaionii ia immobile ia moat
soil types, except sand in which it is moderately mobile. The
4-hydroxy degradate is moderately mobile in most soil typea.
-------
• lorotbaloni1 is not toxic to birds. Dovever, the .ajor degradate is
derate1y toxic to birds. Additiona.1 atod.tea are required for chioro-
thalonil and the 4—hydroxy degradat. in order to whether
residue, of these compo ds will produce an effect on the reproduction
of birds.
• alorothalaiil and its 4 h.wj degredate are highly tie to fish,
equatic invertebrates and marine/estuarine organisna. L mts
of res 4 r 1 s will affect tbe r uctia of these otgani na. An
edditia’ial field nitoring st y is required that iculd re J the
effects of r occurring in ter resulting fr registered
uses of thlorothal il.
o The ma filx,lI .sn of th1orotha1 il in plants and is not ede—
guately elucidated. B er the major matbolite is the 4-hydrc y-
2,5,6—trithloroi&p ithalcnitrile. At 1w cantratia s, thlorothal—
a il is expected to be exoreted In the fecas and urine withIn 24
hairs. The mt c i residues pectad to be in or a’i — . agrioil—
t al c ’ iities fran use of ch1orothala i1 wiLl be reassessed iE en
tbe data a plant and animal mathb,lisn are s *r i tted alcmg with
the a1 iticma1 res 4 e data.
• The I act of the marziiacturing I urities of ) th1oroben Ien.e
and pentad 1orcbanzuiitrile in l tM1a*il cari ot be e z til
plant anima.l residue data is ttad for this fnçurities.
th1orotha1 ü.1 is a severe eye irritant. It is erate1y t ic
via irthal ticn and d xx strates 1w toxicity via d ri 1
expos es. lorothal il is not isideru3 to be initagenic, terat—
-ogenic, or e reprcô.active effects. Stndies d tstrated that
tbe th i l could have aicogexiic potential, b it additi a1 data
are needed to firm hi •
• The major matabolite is not ansidered to be an a x gen or itagen.
b. O * ca1 d aracteristica:
• Tedmical dilorothala,il is an odorless or slightly prgent, thite,
crystalline solid. It is stable to rds soistixe tnxler o v nti —
al ditia s deu i ees at 25O 25l lsius. e th ical
does not iibit any *zuisual handling hazards. Te .ica1 chloro—
thal il itains 1w mts of b,x th1or enene (E ) and penta-
c± lor n iitrile ( N) as ufacturing inpurities.
c. Toxicological tharacteristica:
• Tethnical thlorothalcnil is a severe eye irritant, ncderately tox-
I.e via itha1ati , and of 1w ti icity via oral and de’ 1 expc xes.
The toxicity categories assigned to thlorothala il are I for eye
irritatia , II for Łnhalatic , III for oral and der 1 t icities,
and l v for derw 1 irritaticz .
• ico1o r atuiies a d i1orotha1cni1 are as fo1l m: —
— Oral tZ3 O in rats: > 28.2 J) g body weight,
— De” 1 !D in rat: >10 #1a tcr3y weight,
— Skin irritaticr in rathits: not an irritant
— Eye irritaticn in rathits: severe irritant
— In a -year rat ircnic feeding stidy, the no-obeerved-effect-
level wes 60 p (3 qjb body weight). Swever, it not
adequate to address the evaluate cogenic poten’i al of thlorothalo-
nil.
-------
u.3..
— a tiv—year feeding study in dogs, the no—observed—sf feet—i .vel.
wes 60 ppa.
— a 24- iuth mouss oncogenicity study, chiorothalonil produced
tinors in r’..l c . tieal tubules and sqn us tissue of th. sto-
mach, however there wee no dose related response. The study
d nstrates that chiorothalonil may have oncogen.ic potential..
An additional t -year feeding study in rats is considered a data
gep.
— In a three—generation rat r. dnetion study, the no—obaerv.d—ef—
feet—level for chlorothaloni]. is (0.15% of th. diet based on
reduced growth and r a1 and gastric effects • teratoqenic
effects . observed at any do.. level tested d.r the condi-
tions of the study. product.tve effects were observed at 0.13%
of th. diet.
— In a rabbit teratology study and rat teratology study utilizing
cblorothalanil and a rat and a r&bbit teratology study utilizing
the 4—hydrozy astabolit., no significant t.ratoqsn.ic effects e
observed at any do.. levels tasted under the conditions of the
studies.
— 1orotM1onil did not denonstrate any mutagenic effects in a
variety of autagen.tcity tests.
— The 4—dx metabolit. is not oncogen.ic in rats at doses of 20.0
mg,’kg body weight/day (Bighest Dose Te.t.d( T)J or lees and in
mice at doses of 215 mg/kg body weight/day (mr) or less under
the conditions of the study.
— The 4-hydroxy mstabolita did not d onatrata any mutagenic effects
in a variety of .utag.n.icity studies.
d. Physiological and Biocbenical Sehavioral aracteristics *
• anslocation z chiorothalonil is translocated in plants.
• Ptani of p.sticidal actioni The mode of action of chiorothalonil
involves its reaction with thiol groups Of the pathogenic fungi’ s
enzyme syetsea.
• I taboli and persistence in plants and animals: The aetabolise of
chlorothalc ti1 is not adequately delineated in both plants and
an4 sls. flowever, the major matabolit. is the 4-hydroxy metabolit..
• • viror acital characteristics:
• Th. available envirom*ntal fate data are insufficient to fully
assess th. potential for expo.* e of h’ ns and non—target organ—
is to chioruthalonil • I en additional studies are ubmitt.d,
a c pl.te enviror ntal aesesenent can be made. Bow—
ever , chiorothalonil ii moderately mobile in sand and the 4-hydroxy
degradat. is moderately mobile in most soils.
-------
—4—
f. Neological characteristics:
• Avian oral 5o: chiorothaienil (>10,000 mg/kg) uses ax. not
expected to .ff.ct avian wildlife. 4—hydroxy d.gradata (2000 mg/kg),
is mudsrataly toxic to birds. pro4 tion studies using both
mallard ducks and bobwhite quail for each, cblorothalonil and the
4—hydroxy d.gradat., mrs required.
• I 5O to fish: chiorothalonil (47-64 ppb) is highly toxic to fish.
the 4—hydroxy degradate (16—45 ppe) ii slightly toxic to fish.
o Fish rsproducticn z lorothalonil may affect fish populations at
low 1. .l. (3 — 6.5 ppb).
• IC aquatic invertebrates: 1orotha1oai1 ii highly toxic to aqua-
tic invsrtabratss and may affect thsir r.pe od.ction at low concantrm-
t.tons (>79 ppb).
• An aquatic field —‘mitoring study is required that reflscta r.s.t—
due concentrations likely to occ der actual us. conditions.
g. Tolerance ass.s ”ts $
• A r.ass.ssa.’t of the tolerances c ’ t be ecu .tet d at this time .
Th. residue data on the onts of i utiti .s in or on the cc.—od.t-
ties, th. rat oncogenicity/chronic feeding study, and aetaboli data,
seed to be suheitted and .valuatad befor. any assss t of the
..snt tolerances can be mad..
4 • S ary of r.gulato position and rationale:
• No us, formulation, or geographical restrictions mrs required.
• thiorothalonil will be pr .,visionally regulated as an oncogen. This
position is based on a study in which thlorothaloni.1 has exhibited
renal aden s and carcinomas in male mic. and s what flawed I
studies that indicate an oncoqenic effect in the rat, but not in
mice. This position will be r. nsidersd after the rsvi.w of the
ongoing rat chronic f..ding/oncogsnicity study in 1995. As a result
of this .valuation, cblorotha2onil may be referred to a Special
vi.w.
• in s”sitization study i. a data gap. flowever, information received
through the Pesticide Incident $on.itoring Syston indicates that skin
s—’ .itisetion is a pot.nt.ial probl.
• iqu. labeling statants:
dsr Sazarda to Rtkns and Domestic , 4iu1 s, the words in
9.nsit.iasr must be added.
Thider ftrst Aid • the following stat ent must be added: Nots
to Physician: Persons having an allergic reactiu respond to
trea ent with antihist - 4 e 5 or steroid eama and/or syst ic
st.roids.
der ‘ wixor ental Hazaxda, the following must be used: 9tis
oduct is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and manuel
.staormne organises.
-------
—5—
Under Dir.ctions for U . s ., the foLLowing statenta must be added:
ts to User: This product may produce t porary allergic side
•ff.cts characterised by r.dnssa of the eyes, mild bronchial
irritation and redness or rash on arposed skin areas. Person
having all.rgic reaction should contacts physician.•
ota to User: ar long sleev, shirt, long pants, and glove. when
mixing, loed.ing and applying this product.’
to User: Do t enter eat.d area to perform hand labor
within 24 hours of application less protective clothing is
ote to User Do t rotat. to crops other than thos. listed on the
label within one year from last application. Z.afy vegetables may be
rotated after one year tra . last applicatiou.
5. of ms or data gaps :
a. The following toxicology data are required:
• An oncogenic study in rats ( tiy dszway) is required to
be sub. .itted within one year.
• A study is required to be submitted within one year.
• A 21-day subchron.ie d.rssl study is required to be submitted within on.
year.
b. Th. following .nviron ai tal fat. data are required:
• ! ‘dr 1 lysis test, (2)
• Photodegradat.iou test in t.r, (2)
• Pbotodegradation test on soil, (2)
• Photodegradatton test in air, (2)
• tabolis. test in anaerobic soil, (1)
• Netaboj.j test in aerobic soil, (1)
• Zseching study (2)
• Ibbility (volatility) test in the laboratory, (2)
• i bility (volatility) test in the field, (2)
• Dissipation study in soil (1)
(1) long—term studies must be submitted vitM, 15 months after re-
ceipt of the gu.i&iic, package. (2) 1ort—term studies suit be sub—
mittad within aix months after receipt of the guidance package.
a. Th following ecological effects data are required:
• In field study is needed for the determin, the effects of residues
on fish and aquatic invertebrate oc uring as a result of the tsr—
restial use of chlorothalonil.
• P 1lard duck and bobwhite quail reproduction study with chlorotM].-
onil and with it 4—hydroxy d.gradat are needed.
These long—term studies must be submitted within IS months after receipt
of the guidance package.
-------
d. Th. following residne chen.t.t data ars rsquirsdz
• ta related to tb. eanufating process, formation of iap it.t..,
prsl1 4i ary analysi, of the tec) .tcal prodnet, Certification of
in sdient limits, alytica1 methodology, and physical/et 4cal
characteristics. (2)
• Field resid data for several raw agricnlt a1 -—--ditiss.
• 8t di.s tain.inq to the metaboli of cblarothalonil r.sid s
in plants and 4 ]s. (1)
• sid s stnd.t.s r.garding the presence of bsw hlorobsn n. and
pntachlorcb.nzon.jtrjl. in plants and in. i4 a1 • (1)
(1) long—term stodies nst be s itt.d within 15 ntha after re-
ceipt of ths g.t ’a’i package • (2) t —t rm stod.tes at be mb-
aitt.d within six ths after receipt of the gaidancs package.
•. ntact Person at !PA:
nry K. acoby
Prod t Nanager (21)
iro tal Protection Agency (?S—767C)
401 N Btre.t , 3.1.
eh4 gton, D.C. 20460
(703) 557—1800
DISCZ&DIERs The information presented in this meica1 foraatien Pact et
is for i nformatjo’al p poses only, and may t be need to fnlfill data
r.qiiir ents for pesticide registration and reregistration.
------- |