United States Office of Pastfckte and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Office of Pesticide Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington. DC 20460
x>EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: __
_ , , CRYOLITE
Reason for Issuance:
Date Issued: June 30' 1983
Fact Sheet Number: ?
1.^Description of Chemical
Generic name: Sodium fluoaluminate or sodium aluminofluoride
Common name: Cryolite (natural or synthetic)
Trade name: Kryocide
EPA Shaughnessy code: 075101
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number: 15096-52-3 or
1344-75-8
Year of initial registration: about 1967
Pesticide type: insecticide
Chemical family: aluminofluoride salt
U.S. and foreign producer: Pennwalt Corporation
2. Use Patterns and Formulations
Application sites: domestic and non-domestic terrestrial
food crops and ornamentals
Types of formulations: wettable powder, dusts
Types and methods of application: aerial or ground appli-
cation as a spray or dust
Application rates: varies from 6 to 50 Ibs./acre
Usual carriers: Confidential Business Information
3. Science Findings
Summary science statement:
Based on data reviewed for the Cryolite Standard, cryolite
exhibits low to moderate toxicity to humans (toxicity
category III-IV), fish and wildlife.
However, since a number of toxicology and residue data gaps
exist, tne Agency is unable to complete a risk assessment.
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Cnemical characteristics :
‘Ie nnical grade cryolite may be the naturally Occuring
fluoride of sodium and aluminum called natural cryolite”
or it may be the manufactured material of similar com-
position called synthetic cryolite. Both forms are a
solid with melting points of 1000°C for the synthetic and
1009°C for the natural cryolite. Natural cryolite may be
white, black, purple or violet. The synthetic cryolite
is white. Cryolite is completely stable under normal
storage conditions. The are no unusual handling charac-
teristics.
Toxicology characteristics :
No toxicological hazards of concern have been identified
based on the studies reviewed for the standard.
- Acute dermal LD 50 , rabbit: >2.1 g/kg (Tox category III)
— Acute inhalation LD 50 : <5.03 rng/L, 2.06 mg/L (Tox
category III)
— Primary dermal irritation, rabbit: P.1. score = 0.0,
not an irritant (Tox category IV)
- Primary eye irritation, rabbit: moderate conjunctival
irritation that disappeared within 7 days (Tox
category III)
A sequential testing approach is being applied to this
compound because the chemical properties are unique.
Therefore, after review of the studies required under the
standard (a 90—day feeding study in the rat and the dog),
additional subchronic and chronic studies may be required.
Physiological and Biochemical Behaviorial Characteristics :
Mechanism of pesticidal action: stomach poison
Mecnanisrn and persistence in plants anc animals: Not known
Environmental Characteristics :
There are no available data on cryolite. However, based on
the chemical and physical characteristics, none of the usual
environmental fate data normally required would yield useful
intormation, with the exception of hydrolysis and leaching
studies which are required under the standard.
Ecological Characteristics :
Based on current data, cryolite has been determined to be
practically non—toxic to bobwhite quail and mallaro ducks in
subacute doses; however, hazards to birds, fish ano aquatic
invertebtrates may be greater that previously supposed.
Additional data are required to address this concerr..
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— Dietary LC 50 (rna]lard duck and bobwhite quail):
>10,000 ppm (practically nontoxic
— Freshwater invertebrates LC 50 ( Daphnia pulex) :
10 ppm (moderately toxic) - _____
— Fish acute LC 50 (rainbow trout): C7 ppm (slightly
toxic)
— Fish acute LC 50 (bluegill sunfish): >300 ppm
(practically nontoxic)
Efficacy review results :
No etficac data required.
Tolerance Assessments :
Tolerances have been established (40 CFR 180.145) of
7 ppm of combined fluorine for residues of the insecticidal
fluorine compounds cryolite and synthetic cryolite in or
on each of the following raw agricultural commodities:
Apples, apricots, beans, beets (with or without tops) or
beet greens alone, blackberries, blueberries (huckleberries),
boysenberries, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots,
cauliflower, citrus fruits, corn, collards, cranberries,
eggplants, grapes, kale, kohlrabi, lettuce, loganberries,
melons, mustard greens, nectarines, okra, peaches, peanuts,
pears, peas, peppers, plums (fresh prunes), pumpkins,
quinces, radishes (with or without tops) or radish tops,
raspberries, rutabagas (with or without tops) or rutabaga
tops, squash, strawberries, summer squash, tomatoes, turnips
(with or without tops) or turnip greens, youngberries.
Specific residue data are being required on a number of
crops. The Agency will assess all cryolite tolerances after
the necessary toxicity and residue data are received.
Residue data are required to ascertain the need for food
additive tolerances for the following processec commodities:
Apple pomace (wet and dry), apple juice, bean cannery waste,
citrus (peel, oil, dried pulp and molasses), corn (oil and
milled fractions), mustard seed, tomato pomace (wet and dry,
juice, puree, catsup).
Livestock feeding studies are required to ascertain the
extent of carryover (if any) into meat, milk, poultry and
eggs, and the need to establish tolerances for these
commodities.
4. Summary of Regulatory Position and Rationale
Use classification: not classified
Use restrictions: none
Unique warning statements: none
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No toxicolocical hazards of concern have been identified
in the stuales reviewed for this standarc. However, since
a number of toxicology and residue data gaps exist, the
Agency is unable to complete a risk assessment of cryolite.
5. Summary of Major Data Gaps
Product chemistry: most of these data are lacking for the
natural cryolite. Data to be submitted by December,
1983.
Residue chemistry: residue data are lacking on all crops
for which tolerances are established with the exception
of grapes. Further, there are no data available on the
processing of commodities other than raisins. Livestock
feeding studies are required to ascertain the extent of
carryover (if any) into meat, milk, poultry and eggs.
Data must be submitted by June, 1986.
Toxicology: oral LD 50 (rat), dermal sensitization, 90—day
feeding (rat and dog), mutagenicity studies. Chronic
studies may be required following receipt and evaluation
of acute, subchronic, and residue data. Data must be
submitted by December, 1983.
Environmental fate: hydrolysis and leaching studies. Data
must be submitted by June, 1986.
6. Contact Person at EPA
William H. Miller
Product Manager (16)
insecticide-Rodenticide Branch
Registration Division (TS—767)
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
Tel. No. (703) 557—2600
DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this Chemical Information
Fact Sheet is for informational purposes only and may not be used
to fulfill data requirements for pesticide registration and
reregistration.
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